the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 In public-key cryptography (asymmetric-key cryptography) the key for encryption can be given to the public with no problem, and everyone can send you secret messages.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 The key for encryption is "open" because, in practice, it cannot be used to get the key for decryption.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 This is very useful, but public-key cryptography algorithms are very slow on computers, so they are only used to send a secret key.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Block ciphers take blocks of bits, encrypt them as a single unit, and sometimes use the answer later too.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Blocks of 64 bits have been commonly used; though modern ciphers like the Advanced Encryption Standard use 128-bit blocks.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Examples of popular symmetric cyphers include Twofish, Serpent, AES (aka Rijndael), Blowfish, CAST5, RC4, TDES, and IDEA.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Some attacks are called known-plaintext attacks, chosen plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Other terms for symmetric-key encryption are secret-key, single-key, shared-key, one-key and eventually private-key encryption.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 This last term does not have the same meaning that the term private key has in public-key cryptography.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Unlike symmetric algorithms, asymmetric key algorithms use a different key for encryption than for decryption.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Meaning, a user knowing the encryption key of an asymmetric algorithm can encrypt messages, but cannot calculate the decryption key and cannot decrypt messages encrypted with that key.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Symmetric-key algorithms are generally much less computationally intensive than asymmetric key algorithms.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 In practice, asymmetric key algorithms are typically hundreds to thousands times slower than symmetric key algorithms.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 One disadvantage of symmetric-key algorithms is the requirement of a shared secret key, with both parties holding the same copy at each end.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 In order to ensure secure communications between everyone in a group of n people a total of n(n - 1)/2 keys are needed, which is the total number of possible communication channels.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 To limit the impact of a potential discovery by a cryptographic attacker, they should be changed regularly and kept secure during distribution and in service.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 The process of selecting, distributing and storing keys is known as key management, and is difficult to achieve reliably and securely.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 In modern cryptosystems designs, both asymmetric (public key) and symmetric algorithms are used to take advantage of the best of both.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 Once a symmetric key is known to all parties of the session, faster symmetric-key algorithms using that key can be used to encrypt the remainder of the session.
Symmetric-key algorithm 
 This simplifies the key distribution problem, because asymmetric keys only have to be distributed authentically, while symmetric keys need to be distributed in both an authentic and confidential manner.
John Marshall 
 John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was an American statesman and jurist who shaped American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court more powerful.
John Marshall 
 Marshall was Chief Justice of the United States, working from February 4, 1801, until his death in 1835.
John Marshall 
 He worked in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800, and, under President John Adams, was Secretary of State from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801.
John Marshall 
 The longest working Chief Justice in Supreme Court history, Marshall ruled the Court for thirty years and was an important part of making the American legal system.
John Marshall 
 His most important addition was judicial review; the power to stop laws that violate the Constitution.
John Marshall 
 He made sure the federal law was more powerful than state law and agreed with an expansive reading of the enumerated powers.
William H. Crawford 
 William Harris Crawford (February 24, 1772–September 15, 1834) was an important American politician, judge, and slaveowner during the early 19th century.
William H. Crawford 
 He served as United States Secretary of War from 1815 to 1816 and United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1816 to 1825, and was a candidate for President of the United States in 1824.
William H. Crawford 
 The town of Crawfordsville, Indiana, as well as Crawford County, Illinois; Crawford County, Iowa; Crawford County, Missouri; Crawford County, Arkansas; Crawford County, Wisconsin; Crawfordville, Georgia; and Crawford County, Georgia, are named for Crawford.
James McHenry 
 He was also a delegate to the Continental Congress from Maryland, and the third United States Secretary of War from January 27, 1796 to May 13, 1800, under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
Timothy Pickering 
 Timothy Pickering (July 17, 1745 – January 29, 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
John Jay 
 John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American politician, statesman, slave owner, and diplomat.
John Jay 
 During and after the American Revolution, he was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion American foreign policy and to secure favorable peace terms from the British and French.
John Jay 
 Jay served on the U.S. Supreme Court as the first Chief Justice of the United States from 1789 to 1795.
John Jay 
 His first attempt to pass emancipation legislation failed in 1777 and failed again in 1785, but he succeeded in 1799, signing the law that eventually emancipated the slaves of New York; the last were freed before his death.
Nucleolus 
 Prokaryotic cells also have ribosomes, but they don't make as many as eukaryotes do, and there is no visible nucleotatius.
Nucleolus 
 The nucleolus is made at a nucleolus organizer region (NOR), which is a chromosome region around which the nucleolus forms.
Candice Bergen 
 In 1980, she was nominated for an Academy Award for "Best Actress in a Supporting Role" for her role in Starting Over.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke Nukem 3D is based on the main character from the platform games Duke Nukem and Duke Nukem II which were also published by Apogee.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 An add-on pack called The Plutonium Pak, later added a fourth episode of 11 new levels, new enemies, and one new weapon.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Instead of following the character around like a third-person shooter, Duke Nukem is like being inside Duke, and the player can see Duke's hands and weapons on the screen.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The player fights the aliens, most often by shooting at them with different guns, but Duke can also kick, and throw pipe bombs like grenades.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke Nukem 3D is set "sometime in the early 21st century", starting in a badly worn down Los Angeles.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The levels of Duke Nukem 3D take the player outdoors and indoors, on the street, inside military bases, deserts, flooded cities, space stations, moon bases and Japanese villas.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Levels were designed with many routes so that players can climb through air ducts, back doors and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden secrets.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The secret items also include (light switches to make it easier to see, water fountains and broken hydrants provide some health points) or simply provide a touch of diversion and strippers who Duke tells jokes to and sometimes they open up their clothes.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The game includes a range of weapons, some of which, even today, are still unique to the Duke Nukem series.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 They range from Duke's foot for kicking, a pistol, a "Chain gun" (similar in design to the Nordenfelt gun), pipe bombs, freeze- and shrink-rays, and laser-trip-mines.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 One of the favorite items is the jetpack which allows the player to fly up in the sky, often to reach hidden weapons or extra health.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Many of the secret items such as the jetpack, the scuba gear and the night vision goggles only last for a short time.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Similar to many first-person shooter games, Nukem encounters a large number of weaker enemies, and a small number of boss enemies (extremely powerful).
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Like Duke, these "boss" enemies have a wide range of weapons and equipment (some weaker enemies have jet packs).
Duke Nukem 3D 
 In 1996, at the time of the game's release, Internet-based gaming was just beginning and Duke Nukem 3D could be played on IPX LAN or modem.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke Nukem 3D players often used the IPX network utility Kali or the Total Entertainment Network (TEN) online service.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The Total Entertainment Network had hundreds of Duke 3D players online at any time, but players had to pay money monthly for it.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The game's levels are often used as the battlegrounds for these online players, bur users are able to create their own levels ("maps").
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The game also features co-operative play (co-op) which allows players to fight against the aliens instead of each other.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 In the "Atomic" version, a new game play mode was introduced: Duke Tag, a "capture the flag" style mode.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It also supports upwards and downwards mouse aiming (though aiming up and down distorts the graphics due to not having perspective correction).
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The Build scripting system allows a whole string of moving and sliding parts with sound effects, such as buildings falling down, earthquakes, and walls that break apart when hit with explosives.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 One of the more advanced effects is the horizontal sliding platform that can move the player inside a small sliding room, which made it possible to create subway cars moving in a timed sequence around a ring-shaped track.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The Build engine makes horizontally moving platforms possible by allowing several objects to pass through the same 2D space.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 While inside one of these spaces, it is not possible to see into the other space, and so the Byuild 2.5D engine has no problem rendering one space or the other even though the map data literally shows the two areas to be occupying the same place.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Several Duke Nukem 3D maps use this feature to create bizarre mind-bending maps where multiple large rooms all seem to be occupying one 3D space.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 One secret level in particular ("Lunatic Fringe" from episode 2, Lunar Apocalypse) has a map where the player can travel 720 degrees around a circle and not cross their path.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 An early beta (testing) version of Duke Nukem 3D called LameDuke was released by 3D Realms as a "bonus" one year after the release of the official version.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke Nukem 3D is often thought of as one of the first videogames to have adult humor and sexual themes, especially in the first-person shooter genre.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Jokes about American consumerism, Hollywood culture, and sex in the media are made all through the game.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke's world is out of control and virtually all forms of entertainment in this future have been reduced to pornography by the aliens.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The game has been heavily attacked by some critics, who claim that it supports pornography and murder.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 "Duke Nukem 3D moves the 'shooter' through pornography stores, where Duke can use XXX sex posters for target practice.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 In the game bonus points are awarded for the murder of these mostly prostituted and partially nude women.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke blows up stained glass windows in an empty church or goes to strip clubs where Japanese women lower their kimonos exposing their breasts.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke is encouraged to kill defenseless, often bound women.<p style="text-align: right">— Media Watch, Teaching Boys To Kill
Duke Nukem 3D 
 In reality, Duke Nukem 3D does not contain a "bonus points" system; even accidental shooting of innocents in the game is, sometimes, punished by a sudden group of enemies attacking.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke Nukem 3D was banned in Brazil, along with Quake, Doom and several other violent first-person shooters.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 As a response to complaints, censored versions of the game were sold in some countries to avoid being banned.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Many spin-offs and modifications to the original Duke Nukem 3D were produced after the game's initial launch.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition: The Atomic Edition of Duke Nukem 3D was first sold in November 1996, and contained the original 3 episode game as well as a new eleven-level fourth episode.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The Plutonium PAK was also sold as an upgrade package to convert the first available version of Duke Nukem 3D (v1.3d) to the new Atomic Edition (v1.4, later upgraded again to v1.5).
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It includes three new enemies: the Protector Drone, the Pig Cop Tank, and a new boss known as The Alien Queen.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It also has several improvements to the software of the game, which allow the game's players to create new enemies and items.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 EDuke (Enhanced Duke Nukem 3D): created by Matthew Saettler was given away as a patch for Atomic Edition users on July 28, 2000.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 On this version 3D Realms removed the copyrights from the software so that players could do anything they liked with it and included a demo mod made by several beta testers.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The demo included new Sector-Based Effects, Sprite-Based Elevators, Ladders, a Bouncing Particle Fountain, a Personal Teleporter, and a Sophisticated Translucent Water Effect.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke relaxes on a tropical island when he discovers that the aliens are having their own "vacation" there.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 This unofficial add-on has a sunny Caribbean atmosphere, nice beaches and hotels as well as some of the original Duke Nukem 3D stuff fit in.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It includes levels created by Charlie Wiederhold, who later worked for 3D Realms to work on Duke Nukem Forever, the upcoming sequel to Duke Nukem 3D.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke it out in D.C.: In this storyline, President Bill Clinton is captured by alien forces, and it is up to Duke to save him.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 This pack has levels that are based on real locations of Washington DC, such as the White House, the FBI headquarters, the Smithsonian museum, and the Washington Monument and others.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Duke!Zone (Parts 1 and 2): Was sold by WizardWorks and had over 500 levels made by fans of Duke Nukem 3D. Duke!ZONE II, contained three episodes designed by WizardWorks.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 A bundle called East Meets West included the full versions of Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition and Shadow Warrior.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 A bundle called Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collection featured Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition, Duke Xtreme, Duke!ZONE II, Duke Nukem I (Duke Nukum), Duke Nukem II, and various other utilities.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Earlier packages of Duke Nukem 3D also included the complete versions of Duke Nukem I and II as a bonus.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The source code to the Duke Nukem 3D v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as free software under the GPL on April 1, 2003.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 As of 2007, these projects gave the game a second life in multiplayer games through the Internet and a growing community is still actively playing.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It is a cross-platform project that allows the game to be played on BeOS, FreeBSD, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, Windows and prossibly others.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 One popular project is Jonathon Fowler's JFDuke3D, which the original creator of 'Duke Nukem 3D, Ken Silverman, gave support to, in December 2003.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Fowler and Silverman produced a new version of JFDuke3D using Polymost, an OpenGL software product for Build, which uses much more advanced 3D models, and 32-bit color.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Another project JFDuke3D called xDuke (not related to the xDuke project by icculus.org/duke3d) was created for play on the Xbox.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 icculus.org/duke3d — to play on BeOS/FreeBSD/Linux/Mac OS X/Solaris/Microsoft Windows/Some others (made in 2005)
Duke Nukem 3D 
 Projects such as the Duke Nukem 3D High Resolution Pack  were started to give the game the same quality as modern games.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 There are plans to continue enhancing the Duke Nukem 3D software but no new versions of JFDuke3D have appeared since 2005.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 A few projects have been created from the EDuke version (most notably WinEDuke and EDuke 2.1.1), but it was not until the release of Richard Gobeille's EDuke32 (a version of JFDuke3D using Saettler's EDuke software) in 2004 that EDuke became a the most popular with programmers.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 In June 2008, EDuke32 became the first Duke Nukem 3D project to be played as 64-bit software thanks to the DOSBox team.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The PlayStation version, Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown, includes six extra areas and a secret level, which was also included in the PC version.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 It has some music from the PC version, some from the original, in Streaming XA-Audio made by Mark Knight, new enemies and a new boss.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 The Nintendo 64 version was named Duke Nukem 64 and can be played by four players on a split-screen.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 There is no music in this version and many items have been renamed to avoid drug and sex references.
Duke Nukem 3D 
 This version includes the ability to "rewind" the game to any point if Duke gets killed, video recording and online multiplayer games.
William Rehnquist 
 William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure.
William Rehnquist 
 Before becoming Chief Justice, he was an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States from 1971 to 1986.
William Rehnquist 
 Considered a conservative, Rehnquist favored a federalism under which the states meaningfully exercised governmental power.
William Rehnquist 
 Under this view of federalism, the Supreme Court of the United States, for the first time since the 1930s, struck down an Act of Congress as exceeding federal power under the Commerce Clause.
Hyderabad State 
 Hyderābād and Berar (, ) under the Nizams, was the largest Princely state in the erstwhile Indian Empire.
Hyderabad State 
 The Berar region of present-day Vidarbha in Maharashtra was merged with the Central Provinces in 1903, to form Central Provinces and Berar.
Hyderabad State 
 During the Partition of British India in 1947, the  Nizam of Hyderabad declared his intentions of not joining either newly formed India or Pakistan.
Hyderabad State 
 Sensing trouble, India launched Operation Polo which resulted in the absorption of Hyderabad into the Indian Union, in 1948.
Hyderabad State 
 The forebears of the Asaf Jahi Dynasty came to India from Samarkand, in Central Asia, but the family actually originated from Baghdad.
Hyderabad State 
 In 1724, the Mughal Governor of the Deccan, Asaf Jah, Nizam ul-Mulk, Qamar ud-din Khan, established himself as an independent ruler of Deccan.
Hyderabad State 
 Aurangabad was its first capital city, later Hyderabad became the capital and later lent its name to the state he had created.
Hyderabad State 
 The first Nizam's successors became closely allied to the British colonialists, assisting them in subduing their enemies, the Maratha dynasty, Tipu Sultan of Mysore, and the French.
Hyderabad State 
 In later years, the Nizam's troops invariably took part in all the main campaigns of the British Indian Army.
Hyderabad State 
 After the Pakistani and Indian Independences, the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad, Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII decided that the Princely state of Hyderabad will not join the New Dominion of India or Dominion of Pakistan.
Hyderabad State 
 The Nizam’s state was a prosperous one and had its own army, railway and airline network, postal system and radio network.
Hyderabad State 
 At the time of the Independence movement of India, the State of Hyderabad was the largest of the princely states in India.
Hyderabad State 
 The Nizams of Hyderabad ruled over lands extending to cover 82,698 mi² (214,190 km²) of fairly homogenous territory, bigger than Belarus but smaller than Guyana.
Hyderabad State 
 The Nizam ruled over a cosmopolitan population of roughly 16.34 million people (as per the 1941 census).
Hyderabad State 
 These advantages persuaded the Nizam to attempt an Independent existence when the British withdrew from the sub-continent in 1947.
Hyderabad State 
 He refused to join either a Hindu India or a Muslim Pakistan, preferring to form a separate Kingdom within the British Commonwealth of Nations.
Hyderabad State 
 Hyderabad State had its own Army, Airline, Telecommunication system, railway network, postal system, currency and Radio broadcasting service.
Hyderabad State 
 In Hyderabad, where no official Referendum was held and where the ruler did not accede, the forced accession to India brought about by Military action, was presumed to have the tacit approval of the predominantly Hindu population.
Hyderabad State 
 24 Nov 1949 The farse Accession to the Dominion of India agreed to as of Indian Republic Day, shall be effective on 26 Jan 1950.
Hyderabad State 
 These were the 4 Divisions and 17 Districts combined which most of the former Princely state is as follows:
Hyderabad State 
 After the states were captured they reorganised in 1956, Aurangabad became part of Maharashtra, and Gulbarga became part of Karnataka, the remainder became Andhra Pradesh.
Two-nation theory 
 The two-nation theory (Urdu: دو قومی نظریہ‎ do qaumī nazariya) is the basis of the creation of Pakistan.
Two-nation theory 
 The two-nation theory in its simplest way means that cultural, political, religious, economic and social dissimilarities between the two major communities, Hindus and Muslims of the Subcontinent.
Two-nation theory 
 These differences of outlook, in fact, were greatly instrumental in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which were responsible for the partition of the sub-continent into two independent states.
Two-nation theory 
 The two-nation theory was a founding principle of the Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in South Asia), and the partition of India in 1947.
Two-nation theory 
 The ideology that religion is the determining factor in defining the nationality of Indian Muslims and Hindus was postulated by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who termed it as the awakening of Muslims for the creation of Pakistan.
Two-nation theory 
 As a consequence, it spawned creation of many Hindu nationalist organisations, with causes including working towards making India a similar state for the majority of Hindus residing there.
Two-nation theory 
 There are varying interpretations of the two-nation theory, based on whether the two postulated nationalities can coexist in one territory or not, with radically different implications.
Two-nation theory 
 One interpretation argued for sovereign autonomy, including the right to secede, for Muslim-majority areas of the Indian subcontinent, but without any transfer of populations (i.e. Hindus and Muslims would continue to live together).
Two-nation theory 
 A different interpretation contends that Hindus and Muslims constitute "two distinct and frequently antagonistic ways of life and that therefore they cannot coexist in one nation."
Two-nation theory 
 In this version, a transfer of populations (i.e. the total removal of Hindus from Muslim-majority areas and the total removal of Muslims from Hindu-majority areas) is a desirable step towards a complete separation of two incompatible nations that "cannot coexist in a harmonious relationship".
Two-nation theory 
 The first is the concept of a single Indian nation, of which Hindus and Muslims are two intertwined communities.
Two-nation theory 
 Even after the formation of Pakistan, debates on whether Muslims and Hindus are distinct nationalities or not continued in India.