the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Magnetic field 
 Also, magnetic poles do not account for magnetism that is produced by electric currents nor the force that a magnetic field applies to moving electric charges.
Magnetic field 
 where  represents the 'free current' enclosed by the loop so that the line integral of  does not depend at all on the bound currents.
Magnetic field 
 Similarly, a surface integral of  over any closed surface is independent of the free currents and picks out the 'magnetic charges' within that closed surface:
Magnetic field 
 where  is the applied magnetic field due only to the free currents and  is the demagnetizing field due only to the bound currents.
Magnetic field 
 The  field lines loop only around 'free current' and, unlike the magnetic  field, begins and ends at near magnetic poles as well.
Forehead 
 The forehead of humans is the flat space of skin above the eyes, between the eyebrows and where your hair starts to grow.
Forehead 
 In ancient Greece individuals with large foreheads were classified as intellectual because of their incredibly large "brain".
James Prescott Joule 
 James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 – 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, born in Salford, near Manchester.
James Prescott Joule 
 He was best known for discovering Joule's law, which described electric heating by saying the amount of heat produced each second in a conductor by a current of Electricity is proportional to the resistance of a conductor and to the square of the current.
James Prescott Joule 
 Later Joule worked with William Thomson to find out that the temperature of gas falls as gas expands.
James Prescott Joule 
 The son of Benjamin Joule (1784–1858), a wealthy brewer, James Prescott Joule was born in the house next to the Joule Brewery in New Bailey Street, Salford on 24 December 1818.
James Prescott Joule 
 James was tutored at the family home  'Broomhill', Pendlebury, near Salford, until 1834 when he was sent, with his elder brother Benjamin, to study with John Dalton at the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.
James Prescott Joule 
 They only received two years of education in arithmetic and geometry before Dalton was forced to retire because of a stroke.
James Prescott Joule 
 Joule was a pupil of Dalton and it is no surprise that he had learned a firm belief in the atomic theory, even though there were many scientists of his time who were still skeptical.
James Prescott Joule 
 He had also been one of the few people receptive to the work of John Herapath on the kinetic theory of gases.
Astyanax 
 He is killed at the end of the Trojan War by Neoptolemus, so he could not be a new king of Troy, or want revenge.
Neoptolemus 
 He killed King Priam and Astyanax, sacrificed Polyxena to his dead father Achilles, and took Helenus and Andromache with him as slaves.
Neoptolemus 
 He was later killed by Orestes because he was going to marry Hermione, who Orestes wanted for himself.
Earth's orbit 
 If we were to draw the Earth's orbit on a sheet of paper as a perfect circle, the width of the line would be larger than the elliptical path of the Earth.
Earth's orbit 
 It takes light (or any other electromagnetic radiation) just over eight minutes to travel from Sun to Earth.
Earth's orbit 
 The seasonal changes on Earth are because of the 23.44° axial tilt of its rotation and slightly elliptical path around the Sun.
Penelope 
 Because of this, many suitors came who wanted to marry Penelope, because then they would own her land and wealth, and become king of Ithaca.
Penelope 
 One trick is that she tells the suitors that she will first weave a cloth for the funeral of Odysseus' father, and when she was finished she would marry one of the suitors.
Anemia 
 For example, macrocytic hypochromic, due to hookworm infestation leading to not enough of both iron and vitamin B12 or folic acid or following a blood transfusion.
Memphis, Tennessee 
 The future area of Memphis was first settled by the Mississippian Culture before it was discovered by French and Spanish explorers.
Memphis, Tennessee 
 The United States took the land from Spain in 1797, and Andrew Jackson  implemented the Indian Removal Act that facilitated the expulsion of the Cherokee from the area, making it available to white settlers.
Memphis, Tennessee 
 Brutal riots of angry whites against black people took place in 1866, in which 46 African Americans were killed.
Memphis, Tennessee 
 Musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis and B.B. King influenced the city's identity as the birthplace of rock and roll.
Dari (Eastern Persian) 
 It is the second official language of Afghanistan, and is widely used by the government and most media agencies.
Halo (series) 
 The games are published by Microsoft were made by Bungie Studios from 2001 to 2010 and are now made by 343 Industries.
Counterpoint 
 Counterpoint is the art of composing music by combining different parts (voices) in a way that sounds nice.
Counterpoint 
 If the tune of Twinkle, twinkle little star is played on the piano and then some chords are added, this is harmony, not counterpoint.
Counterpoint 
 Instead, if the tune of Twinkle, twinkle little star was played while another melody was played, this would be considered counterpoint.
Counterpoint 
 Then, in the second bar (measure), as the fifth note is played, the left hand starts to play the tune an octave lower.
Counterpoint 
 This works well for a time, but in the fifth bar (on the word “Up” in the right hand part) it starts to get dissonant (sounding unpleasant), so changes need to made to the left hand to make it sound nicer.
Counterpoint 
 This way of writing with a particular number of parts (in this case: two) is called "contrapuntal music".
Counterpoint 
 If the second part had continued to imitate all the way through the piece it would have been a canon.
Counterpoint 
 There can be two or more notes in one part against one in the other e.g. crotchets (quarter notes) in one part and quavers (eighth notes) in another.
Counterpoint 
 When music is written so that the parts can be swapped round it is called "invertible counterpoint".
Counterpoint 
 The word “counterpoint” comes from the Latin “punctus contra punctum” meaning “point against point”.
Counterpoint 
 They often took a main tune (called a “Cantus Firmus”) and then added one or two or more parts to it.
Counterpoint 
 The more parts there were the harder it was to compose because it all had to fit so that it sounded good.
Counterpoint 
 Students learning the art of composition today still learn counterpoint by taking Palestrina’s music as their model.
Guided by Voices 
 His music, and the music of Guided by Voices, is inspired by the famous British band The Beatles and different music styles like post-British Invasion garage rock, psychedelic, prog-rock, as well as punk and post-punk.
Guided by Voices 
 In 2004, during the band's last concert tour before breaking up, many cities around the United States picked a day to be "Guided by Voices Day" in that city.
Eugenics 
 It tries to influence the way people choose to mate and raise children, with the aim of improving the human species.
Eugenics 
 The characteristics of animals are passed on from one generation to the next in heredity, including mental characteristics.
Eugenics 
 For example, the behaviour and mental characteristics of different breeds of dog differ, and all modern breeds are greatly changed from wolves.
Eugenics 
 The breeding and genetics of farm animals show that if the parents of the next generation are chosen, then that affects what offspring are born.
Eugenics 
 Negative eugenics aims to cut out traits that lead to suffering, by limiting people with the traits from reproducing.
Eugenics 
 Positive eugenics aims to produce more healthy and intelligent humans, by persuading people with those traits to have more children.p85 In the past, many ways were proposed for doing this, and even today eugenics means different things to different people.
Eugenics 
 The idea of eugenics is controversial, because in the past it was sometimes used to justify discrimination and injustice against people who were thought to be genetically unhealthy or inferior.
Eugenics 
 Modern eugenics was first invented in 1865 by Sir Francis Galton, a British scientist who was the cousin of Charles Darwin.
Eugenics 
 Galton believed that intelligence and talent were hereditary and were passed from parent to their children.
Eugenics 
 Based on this, he thought that people could be bred to be smarter, just like animals were bred to be larger or smaller.
Eugenics 
 Galton thought the best way to do this was to learn more about heredity, and also to tell people that they should only marry people who were smart and strong.
Eugenics 
 One problem, which critics brought up, is the difficulty of agreeing on who is a healthy person, genetically speaking, and who is an inferior person.
Eugenics 
 The rediscovery of the scientific work of Gregor Mendel in 1900 led to modern genetics, and an understanding of how heredity worked.
Eugenics 
 Mendel himself experimented on peas, and found that many characteristics of the pea plants, such as their colour or their height, could be turned on and off through heredity like a switch.
Eugenics 
 When applied to humans, people thought this meant that human characteristics, like being smart or not, could be influenced by heredity.
Eugenics 
 Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Darwin had discussed this very point, with concern.p70 In countries where statistics were collected, those statistics showed that in many cases the poor had more children than the rich.
Eugenics 
 Also, statistics showed that the total population of some great nations was declining.p73 One startling piece of information was produced by research directed by Karl Pearson, the Galton Professor of Eugenics at University College London, and the founder of the Department of Applied Statistics.
Eugenics 
 The finding was that half of each succeeding generation was produced by no more than a quarter of the previous generation, and that quarter was "disproportionately located amongst the dregs of society".p74
Eugenics 
 "No-one doubts the wisdom of managing the germ-plasm [heredity] of agricultural stocks, so why not apply the same concept to human stocks?"
Eugenics 
 "The agricultural analogy appears over and over again as it did in the writings of many American eugenicists".
Eugenics 
 Similarly, the American geneticist Charles Davenport was a lifelong promoter of eugenics, and wrote one of its first textbooks.
Eugenics 
 Chapter 3 There is no doubt of the support given to eugenics by professional scientists of undoubted repute.
Eugenics 
 People thought it would cure society of all of its problems at the time, like crime and poverty, because they thought that all aspects of human behavior were probably hereditary.
Eugenics 
 Very important scientists and politicians supported eugenics, and most thought it was a very progressive and scientific philosophy.
Eugenics 
 They used eugenics as an excuse to pass laws which to restrict immigration from countries that they did not like, saying that the people in them were genetically "unfit".
Eugenics 
 They also passed laws which said that people of different races could not get married to one another.
Eugenics 
 Most importantly, they passed laws which said that people who were thought to have mental illness or mental disability could be sterilised against their will.
Eugenics 
 Under these laws over 60,000 people were sterilised in the United States between 1907 and the 1970s.
Eugenics 
 Today we know that interpreting statistics of this type is a complex business, and that many of the studies published early in the 20th century have serious flaws.
Eugenics 
 It was the realization, after World War II, of the effects of Nazi policies on race in Germany and other countries occupied during the war.
Eugenics 
 This theme was the growing interest in the rights of individuals as against the rights of the state.
Eugenics 
 The main targets were at first those that were ill or that had some physical or mental disabilities.
Eugenics 
 It was replaced by a law on the national level, that tells under which circumstances people who are unable to consent, may be sterilised.
Eugenics 
 Though there are few people who openly advocate eugenics today, many people wonder what improvements in genetic technologies will mean in the future.
Eugenics 
 Genetic counselling exists, where parents can get information about their heredity and even prevent the birth of a child if it has a risk of hereditary illness.
Eugenics 
 Some people do not think the issue is so clear, though, and wonder if genetic screening, genetic counselling, and birth control, are all just another type of eugenics.
Eugenics 
 Genetic counselling is not going to change the genetic composition of the human population to any noticeable extent.
Eugenics 
 More relevant is the developing power to identify, and then to change directly, elements of the human genome (genetic engineering).
Sterilisation 
 Sterilisation (which some people spell Sterilization) is a process that makes animals or humans that are able to bear offspring unable to do so.
Sterilisation 
 But it have been often done against the will of the person, this is called "compulsory sterilisation."
Cerberus 
 In Greek mythology, Cerberus (Greek: Κέρβερος, Kérberos; Latin: Cerberus) is the monstrous, multi-headed dog that guards the entrance to the Underworld, preventing the souls of the dead from leaving.
Cerberus 
 Often called the "hound of Hades", Cerberus was one of the numerous offspring of the monsters Typhon and Echidna; he is usually depicted as having three heads, along with a serpent for a tail.
Cerberus 
 Cerberus is primarily known for being captured by Herakles, as the last of the hero's Twelve Labors.
Yerevan 
 It is on the Hrazdan River, and is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country.
Yerevan 
 The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the Urartian fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC.
Yerevan 
 As a centre of Armenian culture, Yerevan is the site of Yerevan State University (1919), the Armenian Academy of Sciences, a historical museum, an opera house, a music conservatory and several technical institutes.
Yerevan 
 The Matenadaran archives hold a rich collection of valuable ancient Armenian, Greek, Assyrian, Hebrew, Roman and Persian manuscripts.
Yerevan 
 Yerevan has several large public libraries, a number of museums and theaters, botanical gardens and zoos.
Yerevan 
 It is also at the heart of an extensive rail network and is a major trading centre for agricultural products.
Yerevan 
 In addition, industries in the city produce metals, machine tools, electrical equipment, chemicals, textiles and food products.
Yerevan 
 Two major tourist attractions are the Opera House, the ruins of an Urartu fortress and a Roman fortress.
Yerevan 
 The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Independence of the Republic of Armenia.
Yerevan 
 Manufactures include chemicals, primary metals, machinery, rubber products, plastics, textiles, and processed food.
Yerevan 
 Not only is Yerevan the headquarters of major Armenian companies, but of international ones as well, as it's seen as an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and American multinationals.
Yerevan 
 Recently, Yerevan has been undergoing an ambitious redevelopment process in which old Soviet-style apartments and buildings are being demolished and replaced with modern buildings.
Yerevan 
 However, this urban renewal plan has been met with opposition and ( ) criticism from some residents.
Smallpox 
 The World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980 (said there was no more).
Smallpox 
 Some people also call smallpox Variola, from the Latin work for "spotted" which is also the viruses' scientific name.
Smallpox 
 During the first half of the 20th century, between 300 million and 500 million people died of this disease.
Smallpox 
 Even in 1967, about 15 million people caught the disease, and about two million people died of it, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
Smallpox 
 Some people believe that smallpox could be used as an agent for purposely infecting enemies in a war.
Ancient China 
 There are written records of the history of China which date from 1500 BC in the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC).
Ancient China 
 Turtle shells with writing like ancient Chinese writing from the Shang Dynasty () have been carbon dated to about 1500 BC.
Ancient China 
 Chinese civilization originated in various regional centers along both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River valleys in the Neolithic era, but the Yellow River is said to be the cradle of Chinese civilization.
Ancient China 
 The written history of China can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 – 1046 BC) although ancient historical texts such as the Records of the Grand Historian (ca.
Ancient China 
 Much of Chinese culture, literature and philosophy further developed during the Zhou Dynasty (1045 – 256 BC).
Ancient China 
 The Zhou Dynasty began to bow to external and internal pressures in the 8th century BC, and the kingdom eventually broke apart into smaller states, beginning in the Spring and Autumn Period and reaching full expression in the Warring States period.
Ancient China 
 This is one of multiple periods of failed statehood in Chinese history (the most recent of which was the Chinese Civil War).
Ancient China 
 Between eras of multiple kingdoms and warlordism, Chinese dynasties have ruled parts or all of China.
Ancient China 
 This Chinese imperialism began with the Qin Dynasty: in 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang conquered the various warring kingdoms and created the first Chinese empire.
Ancient China 
 Successive dynasties in Chinese history developed bureaucratic systems that gave the Emperor of China direct control of vast territories.
Ancient China 
 The conventional view of Chinese history is that of alternating periods of political unity and disunity, with China occasionally being dominated by steppe peoples, most of whom were in turn assimilated into the Han Chinese population.
Ancient China 
 Cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia, carried by successive waves of immigration, expansion, and cultural assimilation, are part of the modern culture of China.
Ancient China 
 After the Gin Dynasty ends the Liao Dynasty, Yelü Dashi, an aristocrat of Liao, rebuilded the Liao Dynasty, we call it Western Liao, also known as Kara-Khitan Khanate: 1132 – 1218 AD
Ancient China 
 It lost in the Chinese Civil War, so now it only rules Taiwan, Penghu, Kingmen, Mazhu, the Taiping Island and the Dongsha Island.
Shaka 
 Shaka, unstable and worried about being replaced by an heir, finally snapped into madness after the death of his mother in 1828.
Halo 
 It is believed by some Hindus that the halo shown around the heads of holy people is a depiction of their  "activated" crown chakra.
Halo 
 Halos are visual phenomena that appear near or around the Sun or Moon, and sometimes near other strong light sources such as street lights.
Halo 
 There are many types of optical halos, but they are mostly caused by ice crystals in certain types of clouds.
Greek underworld 
 The Acheron was the river of woe, the Cocytus was the river of lamentation, the Phlegethon the river of fire, the Styx, the river of the unbreakable oath by which the gods took their vows, and the Lethe the river of forgetfulness.
Greek underworld 
 Three judges, by the names of Rhadamanthus, Minos, and Aeacus, would then decide where you would go.
Greek underworld 
 Tartaros () was another place in the underworld, where immortal enemies of the current Twelve Olympians are eternally punished, for example Kronos and the other Titans.
Mughal Empire 
 It once ruled most of the Indian subcontinent, then known as Hindustan,, and parts of what is now India, Afghanistan and modern Pakistan and Bangladesh between 1526 and 1707.
Mughal Empire 
 Babur of the Timurid dynasty founded the Mughal Empire and the Mughal dynasty in 1526 and ruled until 1530.
Mughal Empire 
 He was followed by Humayun (1530-1540) and (1555-1556), Akbar (1556-1605), Jahangir (1605-1627), Shah Jahan (1628-1658), and the Islamic Aurangzeb (1658-1707) and several other minor rulers until Bahadur Shah Zafar II(1837-1857).
Mughal Empire 
 The Mughal rule in India saw the country being united as one single unit and being administered under a single powerful ruler.
Mughal Empire 
 During the Mughal period, art and architecture flourished and many beautiful monuments were constructed.
Mughal Empire 
 The Mughal people is an ethnic group living in the Indian subcontinent that is a descendant of the Mongol and Turkic conquerors who came to North India from the 14th century.
Mughal Empire 
 After 1858, when the Mughal Empire was taken over by the British Empire, some of the upper-class Indian Muslims went to exile to the Ottoman Empire.
British Raj 
 The term "British Raj" is used for the direct British rule over areas which had been conquered by the British, known as British India.
British Raj 
 Those areas were governed by their own traditional rulers under the overall authority of the British crown.
British Raj 
 Undivided India is another term to mean the whole area of British rule, but it does not take in Burma, which became in 1937 its own British colony.
British Raj 
 The colony of Aden came under the same government in India from 1858 to 1937, and the same was true for British Somaliland (now part of Somalia) from 1884 to 1898 and Singapore from 1858 to 1867.
British Raj 
 In 1880, the standing Indian Army consisted of 66,000 British soldiers, 130,000 natives, and 350,000 soldiers in the princely armies.
Lever 
 is a famous quote from Archimedes who stated the correct mathematical principle of levers (quoted by Pappus of Alexandria).
Lever 
 A first-class lever is a lever where the fulcrum is in between the effort and resistance (the load).
Pulley 
 Pulleys are usually used in sets designed to make the amount of force needed to lift something smaller.
Pulley 
 Static A static or class 1 pulley has an axle that is "staticed" or is stationary, meaning that it cannot be moved.
Pulley 
 A fixed pulley is used to redirect the force in a rope (called a belt when it goes in a full circle).
Pulley 
 That is, if one end of the rope is anchored, pulling on the other end of the rope will apply a doubled force to the objecT attached to the pulley.
Pulley 
 Block and tackle - A block and tackle is a compound pulley where several pulleys are mounted on each axle, further increasing the mechanical advantage.
Pulley 
 Plutarch reported that Archimedes moved an entire warship, laden with men, using compound pulleys and his own strength.
Józef Piłsudski 
 He is seen in Poland as the father of the Polish state, since he declared Poland's independence at the end of World War 1.
Józef Piłsudski 
 The partitions of Poland divided it into three parts between Russia, Prussia (Germany) and Austria-Hungary.
Józef Piłsudski 
 The government tried to make Poles become Russian but Piłsudski was born in a noble family of patriots, that wanted Poland to be an own independent country.
Józef Piłsudski 
 At the beginning of World War I, people who agreed with Pilsudski helped Austria-Hungary, because they preferred it to Russia.
Józef Piłsudski 
 He came to Warsaw in November 1918 and helped to organize Poland, which now existed again after 123 of partition.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Gabriel Narutowicz became Poland's first president, but he was assassinated a few days later and Stanisław Wojciechowski became the next president.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Together, they changed the Polish constitution and made other changes which made Poland stronger in the 1920s and 30s.
Józef Piłsudski 
 His father, Joseph Wincenty (1833-1902), had fought in the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian rule of Poland-Lithuania.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski was a patriot since he was very young and often had problems with the Russian teachers in his school.