the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Computer 
 Computers might also have a graphics card, which helps the computer to create visual effects, such as 3D environments, or more realistic colors, and more powerful graphics cards can make more realistic or more advanced images, in the same way a well trained artist can.
Continent 
 There are no strict rules for what land is considered a continent, but in general it is agreed there are six or seven continents in the world, including Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania(or Australasia), and South America.
Continent 
 Geologists use the term continent to mean continental crust, a platform of metamorphic and igneous rock, largely of granitic composition.
Continent 
 Continental crust is less dense and much thicker than oceanic crust, which is why it "floats" higher than oceanic crust on the underlying mantle.
Continent 
 It is on the south-eastern side of the Wallace Line, with distinct differences in its biology from the Asian side of the line.
Continent 
 "It includes all the islands of the Malay Archipelago... as well as the various groups of islands in the Pacific.
Continent 
 North America and South America together are often described as one continent, "the Americas", or simply "America".
Continent 
 Eurasia is not really an alternative, rather it is a recognition that the landmasses of Europe and Asia are continuous, and some of its largest countries are in both regions.
Continent 
 The Ural Mountains, which run roughly north–south, are the traditional dividing-line between Europe and Asia.
Continent 
 When British people talk about "the Continent" (or "Continental" things) they mean the European mainland.
Continent 
 This meaning is not used as much as it used to be, but is still seen in phrases like "Continental breakfast" (rolls with cheese, jam etc.
Continent 
 Ever since its discovery in 1812, Antarctica with a surface area of ~13.6 –14 million km2 about 1.4 times the size of Europe, proved to be a great challenge for explorers.
Continent 
 Despite being nearly completely covered by a thick layer of ice, Antarctica harbors a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environement.
Classical element 
 The elements are linked to the four humours: phlegm (water), yellow bile (fire), black bile (earth), and blood (air).
China 
 The Republic of China (ROC) (since 1911),  commonly known as China since 1 January, 1911 to 25 October, 1971.
China 
 The People's Republic of China (PRC) (since 1949), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999).
China 
 China is one of the world's oldest civilizations: it has the oldest continuous civilization near Yellow River region There is archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old.
China 
 Geographically, China’s longest river is the Yangtze River which runs through mega cities and is home to many species.
China 
 It is derived from chīnī, a Persian adjective meaning 'Chinese' which was popularized in Europe by Marco Polo.
China 
 Ancient China was one of the first civilizations and was active since the 2nd millennium BC as a feudal society.
China 
 Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing, with the others being Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Maya civilization, the Minoan civilization of ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt.
China 
 Home of  Confucianism and Daoism, it had great influence on nearby countries including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam in the areas of political system, philosophy, religion, art, writing and literature.
China 
 Before the Qin Dynasty united China, there were many small feudal states, nominally loyal to the Zhou King, that fought each other for hundreds of years in a war to control China.
China 
 The majority of these states were ruled by relatives and clansmen of the Zhou royal house and carried the surname Ji (姬) and so were tied by family bonds to the Zhou king, to whom they were ritually subordinate, as members of collateral or lesser lineages.
China 
 A minority of these states, such as the Qin and Chu, were ruled by non-Zhou clansmen, and were awarded their fiefs on account of some merit.
China 
 Over time, these feudal states attained to power and wealth, that exceeded that of their Zhou nominal overlord, whose direct authority became confined to a very small territory near present day Zhengzhou.
China 
 These states also began to acquire some distinctive characteristics and identities of their own during the long centuries of loose control by the Zhou.
China 
 Eventually, the Zhou kings were eclipsed in power by two especially problematic vassals - the Qin and Chu, and the functional independence of the Qin later led to its gradual conquest of all other vassal states and the formal supplantation of the Zhou to form a heavily centralised Empire.
China 
 The long decline of the Zhou, incidentally the longest ruling dynastic house of China, is known as the Warring States Period.
China 
 Despite the bloodiness and strife of the period, this was the time when many great philosophies emerged - including Confucianism and Daoism as a response to disintegrating central authority of the Zhou kings and fluctuating power of the vassal states, and the general uncertainty of that era.
China 
 Confucianism and Daoism have been the foundation of many social values seen in modern east Asian cultures today.
China 
 Other notable dynasties include the Han (from which is derived the ethnonym the Han Chinese, which is synonymous with the older self-referential term  - the Huaxia) as well as dynasties such as the Tang, Song, and Ming, which were characterised by periods of affluence, wealth, population growth, and the proliferation of literature.
China 
 During the later years, China was often raided or invaded by northern nomadic people such as the Xiongnu, the Xianbei, the Jurchens and the Mongols (the latter led by Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan).
China 
 One  effect of regular nomadic invasion and the collapse of native dynasties was the massive migration of Han Chinese - especially the aristocratic elite and the literati, to sparsely populated frontier regions south of the Yangzi river such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian.
China 
 Several notable waves of Han Chinese immigration to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Fujian took place during the collapse of the Jin, the Tang, and the Song.
China 
 Some nomadic groups succeeded in conquering the whole territory of China, establishing dynasties such as the Yuan (Mongol) and Qing (Manchu).
China 
 Each time, they also brought new elements into Chinese culture - for instance, military uniform, the qipao and the pigtail, the latter of which was deeply resented by the Han Chinese.
China 
 While China achieved many things in the First millennium and early 2nd millennium, it became an isolationist country in the 15th century C.E. This was because Spain found enormous silver in the new continent, which was the main currency (money) in China and Europe at the time, and China did not want to be bought by the foreigners.
China 
 While China was never actually taken over, many European countries, such as Britain and France built spheres of influence in China.
China 
 Since China had cut itself off from the world over the previous few centuries, by the Qing Dynasty, it had fallen behind other countries in technology, and was helpless to stop this from happening.
China 
 Gaining influence on the southern Chinese population, the Taiping Rebellion attracted tens of thousands of supporters.
China 
 On July 7, 1937, the Japanese attacked the rest of the country, starting what was called the Second Sino-Japanese War.
China 
 However, the Chinese Civil War later started between the Kuomintang (Nationalists) of the Republic of China (ROC) and the Communists of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
China 
 The Communists wanted to make China like the Soviet Union, whereas the other side wanted to keep China in its current state at the time.
China 
 The Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-shek) fled to the island of Taiwan and set up their new capital city in Taipei.
China 
 After the Chinese Civil War, the Communist leader Mao Zedong declared a new country, the People's Republic of China (PRC), in Beijing on October 1, 1949.
China 
 His attempt at industrialization and collectivization with the Great Leap Forward led to the deaths of many people from famine.
China 
 After 1976, China underwent market economy reforms under Deng Xiaoping, and experienced rapid economic growth, which made the former progress made by Taiwan became overshadowed.
China 
 In recent history, China has had problems with protests, blocking of information on the Internet, and censorship of news.
China 
 Since the 2008 Olympics, China has hosted many major international events, and the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in Beijing, China.
China 
 The Himalaya, Karakoram, Pamir and Tian Shan mountain ranges separate China from much of South and Central Asia.
China 
 The Yangtze River is the third-longest river in the world while the Yellow River is the sixth-longest.
China 
 The Eurasian Steppe has been an artery of communication between East and West since the Neolithic through the Steppe route.
China 
 China's constitution states that The People's Republic of China "is a socialist state under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants".
China 
 With 2.3 million active troops, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the largest standing military force in the world.
China 
 The PLA consists of the Ground Force (PLAGF), the Navy (PLAN), the Air Force (PLAAF), and the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF).
China 
 For example, papermaking, printing, the compass, and gunpowder  are known as the Four Great Inventions.
China 
 By the 17th century, Europe and the Western world became better than China in science and technology.
China 
 The national census of 2010 recorded the population of the People's Republic of China to be about 1,370,536,875.
China 
 About 16.60% of the population were 14 years old or younger, 70.14% were between 15 and 59 years old, and 13.26% were over 60 years old.
China 
 Over time some art forms have branched off, while others have retained their distinct Chinese flavor.
China 
 China has had renowned artists including Wong Fei Hung (Huang Fei Hung or Hwang Fei Hung) and many others.
China 
 Legendary and controversial moves like Big Mak are also praised and talked about within the culture.
China 
 China has many traditional festivals, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-autumn Festival and so on.
China 
 Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated to commemorate the death of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States period.
China 
 He persuaded his emperor not to accept Qin's diplomats' offers several times but his emperor did not listen to him.
China 
 Such practices, eating rice dumplings and holding dragon boat races, become what Chinese do in this festival nowadays.
China 
 Held on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for families.
China 
 Now when the festival sets in, people would sit together to eat moon cakes, appreciate the bright full moon cakes, appreciate the bright full moon, celebrate the bumper harvest and enjoy the family love and happiness.
Country 
 A country is a territory with distinct political boundaries and borders that claims sovereignty over a specific geographic area with a permanent population, controlled by its own government that enters relations with other states, or a piece of land that's under the control of its own government.
Country 
 There is no universally accepted answer as to how many countries in the world there actually are, however the minimum answer is 193 for the 193 United Nations members.
Country 
 This would add two to the list of United Nations member states, there for the number of countries the would be 195.
Country 
 However, there is an ongoing disputes over Taiwan's sovereignty with the People's Republic of China.
Country 
 This can be developed on even further by adding the constituent countries of the United Kingdom, The Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Denmark which could add anywhere from three to eleven countries to the prior number.
Country 
 There are a number of disputed areas that have declared independence from their parent state and receive limited recognition.
Country 
 These are just some of the many examples of territories with limited to no recognition that are sometimes classed as countries.
Country 
 There is a lot of controversy surrounding the above examples and quite often any one of these territories may be counted as countries purely based on opinion.
Country 
 If all of the above were added the list of U.N members there could be anything up to 211 countries based on the previous examples given.
Country 
 There are however many more territories with unique political circumstances that could also be counted.
Country 
 Depending on how loosely the dictionary definition for the word country is used there could be anything from 193 countries in the world or more.
Country 
 The matter is purely subjective depending on varying opinions and there has never been any consideration as to what the maximum number of countries in the world could be.
Country 
 There are multiple organisations that have their own lists of countries, one example being the Travellers Century Club which recognises 327 countries as of 01/01/18.
Country 
 Constituent country is a term sometimes used, usually by official institutions, in contexts in which a number of countries compose a long entity or grouping.
Country 
 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has used the term referring to the former Yugoslavia, and the European institutions like the Council of Europe often use it in reference to the European Union.
Country 
 A disputed territory is that territory whose sovereignty is jealously desired by two or more countries.
Country 
 Usually the administration of the territory is carried out by one of the countries that claims sovereignty, while the other country does not recognize the sovereignty over the territory of the other country.
Country 
 This does not usually happen in land or sea areas on which none possesses effective control, such as Antarctica, or only partially.
Country 
 It can also be considered as a disputed territory to those areas that are given by two different governments, and therefore are divided.
Colchester 
 The Romans called Colchester Camulodunum (written "CAMVLODVNVM") and made it the capital of Roman Britain.
Colchester 
 The Romans moved their capital of Britannia to Londinium (now London), but Camulodunum remained an important city until the fifth century, when the Saxons conquered the region.
Colchester 
 The Roman town of Camulodunum, officially known as Colonia Victricensis, reached its peak in the Second and Third centuries AD.
Colchester 
 It may have reached a population of 30,000 in those centuries, but when the Romans withdrew from Britannia in 410 AD it probably had fewer than 5,000 inhabitants.
Cartography 
 In the past, maps were drawn by hand, but today most printed maps are made using computers and people usually see maps on computer screens.
Cartography 
 Making a map can be as simple as drawing a direction on a napkin, or as complicated as showing a whole country or world.
Creator 
 In some religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) God (or Allah meaning the God in Arabic) is the most important and original creator of the whole universe - including Man who is made "in his image" (see Genesis) to observe it and control it like God.
Creator 
 The idea that anything that a person is creating, like an idea, can be owned as property comes from the ethical traditions and legal codes that came from these religions.
Creator 
 In other traditions (Buddhism, Native American mythology) anyone has this potential for creating, and can become part of the greater creating of the universe.
Chorizo 
 These types of chorizo are made with smaller pieces of pork and different seasonings and peppers are used.
Creativity 
 Creativity is the ability of a person or group to make something new and useful or valuable, or the process of making something new and useful or valuable.
Creativity 
 The reason is that we don't understand the mental processes that help some people be more creative than others.
Creativity 
 Some people say only things which are historically new are creative, while other people say that if it is new for the creator and the people around them, then it is also creativity.
Creativity 
 Others recognize that even apes, other primates, other mammals and some birds adapt to survive by being creative (for example - primates using tools).
Creativity 
 Therefore, these people say, human science should focus on it (pay special attention to it): Ethics for example would focus on finding creative solutions to ethical dilemmas.
Creativity 
 Linguistics might be more interested in how new words are created by culture, rather than in how existing ones are used in grammar.
Creativity 
 Intellectual interests (recognized as intellectual rights or intellectual property in the law) are a way to reward creativity in law, but they do not always work very well.
Creativity 
 A good example is copyright which is supposed to pay authors and artists, but may only pay lawyers to make (imitative) arguments in court.
Creativity 
 Creativity is a central question in economics, where it is known as ingenuity (the ability to come up with new ideas) or individual capital - capacities that individuals have, that do not arise from simple imitation of what is known already.
Creativity 
 This is separate from the instructional capital that might try to capture some of that in a patent or training system that helps others do what the individual leader or founder of the system can do.
Creativity 
 In urban economics there are various ways to measure creativity - the Bohemian Index and Gay Index are two attempts to do this accurately and predict the economic growth of cities based on creativity.
Catharism 
 The word 'Cathar' comes the Greek word katharos meaning 'unpolluted' (from Tobias Churton, The Gnostics) or  "the pure ones".
Catharism 
 They believed that this bad god had taken them from the good god and put them in the world, but inside their bodies there was a spirit, and that spirit needed to return to the good god.
Catharism 
 They were famous for a belief in a form of reincarnation and believed that when someone died the bad god would put that person's spirit in a new body.
Catharism 
 Fish was OK to eat because they believed fishes were not alive but just things that were sometimes produced from dirt and water.
Catharism 
 An earlier 10th-century Bulgarian heresy, Bogomilism and also Manichaeism started some of these trends.
Catharism 
 In about 1165, the first Cathars said that the Church was "full of ravening (starving) wolves and hypocrites" and "worshipping the wrong God", right in front of the most powerful Catholics.
Catharism 
 In 1167, Cathar bishops met to discuss organizing a counter Church - in the South of France, the Languedoc nobles protected it, and many noble women became "Perfects".
Catharism 
 In the South of France there was tremendous religious fervor, and an economy that was starting to grow, and a social class of  merchants and  peasants was starting to grow.
Catharism 
 Meanwhile, in other parts of Europe, peasants were forced to give up their land to nobles and become serfs or slaves - the system of feudalism.
Catharism 
 R. I. Moore is a historian who believes that it was desire to crush this system and take over the land that drove the attack.
Catharism 
 However, there was real cultural and religious difference to cause problems:  Troubadors, who combined some of the traditions of the Bards of the Celts, and Jews, were both part of the multicultural society in the South of France.
Catharism 
 The 12th century Roman Catholic Monks were founding their monasteries outside the towns, drawing the best people there.
Catharism 
 The Cathar "Perfects", the so-called Good Men or Good Women, lived restrained lives and spread their faith in towns - where the Catholics in general did not have their best agents.
Catharism 
 Also, Cathars preached that only these Good leaders had to follow the regimens their whole lives - lay people could repent only on their deathbeds.
Catharism 
 He said any crusader who answered the call would be given the same rewards as a crusader who went to the Holy Land.
Catharism 
 In the Launguedoc, on the 22nd of July 1209, a force of about 30,000 Crusaders arrived at the walls of Beziers bearing the cross pattee to mislead and create ease among the Cathars, thinking they were friend, not foe, and  demanded that about 200 Cathars be surrendered.
Catharism 
 The people of the town who were mostly Catholic, said that rather than turn over their friends and family, "we would rather be flayed alive."
Catharism 
 Arnauld Amaury made the famous quote "Kill them all, god knows his own"  on being asked how to tell who were Cathars during the assault.
Catharism 
 The Crusaders wanted to go home, but were ordered by the Pope to continue until the whole South of France was controlled and all Cathars were dead.
Catharism 
 In 1210, they attacked the fortress at Minerv and built "the first great bonfire of heretics" - beginning the practice of burning at the stake that would continue in the Inquisition of the Counter-Reformation.
Catharism 
 It is interesting to note that at the siege of Montsegur when the fires were lit the Cathars ran down the hill and threw themselves on, as their beliefs were very strong.
Catharism 
 Catharism disappeared from the northern Italian cities after the 1260s, pressured by the Inquisition.
Cosmology 
 Cosmology is the branch of astronomy that deals with the origin, structure, evolution and space-time relationships of the universe.
Cosmology 
 Modern cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang theory, which brings together observational astronomy and particle physics.
Cosmology 
 Though the word cosmology is recent (first used in 1730 in Christian Wolff's Cosmologia Generalis), the study of the universe has a long history.
Cosmology 
 Modern cosmology is considered to have started in 1917 with the final paper of Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity.
Cosmology 
 This paper was known as "Cosmological Considerations of the General Theory of Relativity" which made physicists start to change the assumption that the Universe never changed.
Cosmology 
 When a scientific discipline begins to change an idea that is believed by many people, it is known as a paradigm shift.
Cosmology 
 This was supported by Edwin Hubble's discovery of the redshift in 1929 and later by the discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation.
Cosmology 
 Some more observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation were found by the COBE, WMAP, and Planck satellites.
Cosmology 
 On 1 December 2014, at the Planck 2014 meeting in Ferrara, Italy, astronomers reported that the universe is 13.8 billion years old and is composed of 4.9% regular matter, 26.6% dark matter and 68.5% dark energy.
Church (building) 
 Some other non-Christian religious groups also call their religious buildings churches, most notably Scientology.
Church (building) 
 The following description is about Roman Catholic churches, although some parts are the same in Episcopalian and Lutheran churches.
Church (building) 
 The first places that were built for Christian worship were small chapels that were cut into a rock where people could worship without being discovered.
Church (building) 
 After the death of the Roman emperor Constantine in 337 A.D. Christians were allowed to have buildings to worship in.
Church (building) 
 This plan was later used for the fine Gothic cathedrals and churches that were built at the end of the Middle Ages.
Church (building) 
 The nave is the main part of the church where the congregation (the people who come to worship) sit.
Church (building) 
 In Roman Catholic churches there is always a stoup (bowl) of holy water near the entrance of the church.