the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Japanese heavy artillery was protected by steel doors that closed to protect the guns between shots.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 With tanks, naval artillery, and air bombing on Mount Suribachi, the Marines were able to get past the beaches.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 It shows five Marines and a U.S. Navy corpsman raising the flag of the United States on Mount Suribachi.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Kuribayashi had eight infantry battalions, a tank regiment, two artillery battalions, and three heavy mortar battalions.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 On the evening of 8 March, Captain Samaji Inouye and his 1,000 men attacked the Americans causing 347 casualties (90 deaths).
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 The 36-day battle for Iwo Jima resulted in more than 26,000 American casualties, including 6,800 dead.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 By comparison, the 82-day battle for Okinawa resulted in casualties of over 62,000, of whom over 12,000 were killed or missing.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Iwo Jima was also the only U.S. Marine battle where the Americans suffered more casualties than the Japanese.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Because they had all been removed, there were no civilian casualties at Iwo Jima, unlike at Saipan and Okinawa.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Tinian was the Island both bombers left to bomb Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which were 12 hours out and back.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 The argument for capturing Iwo Jima was that it provided a landing and refueling airfield for fighter escorts.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 The Japanese on Iwo Jima had radar and could notify Japanese forces at home of B-29 Superfortresses flying from the Mariana Islands.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 On 19 February 1985, the 40th anniversary of the landings, an event called the Reunion of Honor was held.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 The Japanese government continues to search for the bodies of Japanese military troops who were killed during the battle.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 It is given to a member of the United States armed forces who show bravery and risks his life in a battle.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 During this one-month-long battle, 27 U.S. military personnel were given the Medal of Honor for their actions, 14 of them after death.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Movies and documentaries To the Shores of Iwo Jima, a 1945 American documentary produced by the United States Navy, Marine Corps and the Coast Guard.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Flags of Our Fathers is filmed from the American perspective and is based on the book by James Bradley and Ron Powers (Flags of Our Fathers).
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Letters from Iwo Jima (originally titled Red Sun, Black Sand) is filmed from the Japanese perspective.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Part 8 of the 2010 HBO miniseries The Pacific, produced by Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg, includes part of the battle of Iwo Jima from the point of view of a Marine who died there.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Burrell, Robert S. "Breaking the Cycle of Iwo Jima Mythology: A Strategic Study of Operation Detachment," Journal of Military History Volume 68, Number 4, October 2004, pp.
Battle of Iwo Jima 
 Linenthal, Edward T. "Shaping a Heroic Presence: Iwo Jima in American Memory," Reviews in American History'' Vol.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 Le Châtelier's principle is a principle used in Chemistry and Physics to describe how a system at equilibrium reacts to external changes.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 It is used to show how the point of equilibrium of a system will move to oppose a change in the conditions of the system, following Newton's third law.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 This is most commonly seen in reversible reactions in chemistry, where a chemical reaction has reached a point where the formation of products happens at the same rate the products decay back into reactants.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 This principle can then be used to increase the amount of desired products made by moving equilibrium towards that side in chemical industries.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 If the concentration of reactants in a reaction increases, the point of equilibrium moves towards the products as this gets rid of the excess reactants and cancels the change.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 If the pressure of a system increases, the point of equilibrium will shift to the side with less moles, as that side will occupy less volume and therefore will reduce the pressure.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 If the temperature of a system is increased, the point of equilibrium moves towards whichever side is more endothermic as this will take in the excess energy as part of the products and so cancels the change of increased temperature.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 This principle is also shown by Lenz's law, which states that a changing magnetic flux will produce an opposing magnetic flux (and therefore a magnetic and electric field) in any nearby metals.
Le Chatelier's principle 
 This will then produce a second current in the nearby metal in the opposite direction to the original current.
Continental United States 
 The continental United States is the area of the United States of America that is located in the continent of North America.
Continental United States 
 It includes 49 of the 50 states (48 of which are located south of Canada and north of Mexico, known as the "lower 48 states", the other being Alaska) and the District of Columbia, which contains the federal capital, Washington, D.C. The only state which is not part of this is Hawaii (as they are islands in the Pacific Ocean and not part of North America).
Continental United States 
 "On May 14, 1959, the U.S. Board on Geographic Names issued the following definitions based partially on the reference in the Alaska Omnibus Bill, which defined the Continental United States as "the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia..." The Board reaffirmed these definitions on May 13, 1999."
Continental United States 
 Some sources incorrectly mix up the continental United States with the contiguous United States (which consists simply of the lower 48 states and the District of Columbia).
Continental United States 
 The contiguous United States (also known as the United States Mainland) does not include Alaska, Hawaii, or any other territories under the control of the United States.
Continental United States 
 Alaska is unique among the US states as it is part of the North American continent, meaning it is attached via Canada, and so is part of the "Continental United States".
Continental United States 
 However, Alaska is not part of the "Contiguous United States", because it is not attached directly to the lower 48 states.
Bible Belt 
 The Bible Belt is term for a part of the United States in which many people believe in conservative Evangelical Protestantism.
British people 
 Britons, British people, or the British are people from Britain – either from the United Kingdom or the island of Great Britain.
British people 
 In history, the people of the British Empire, and later the British Commonwealth, were also named British or Britons.
British people 
 Bede used the spelling in , the spelling of which was possibly learned from the Old English word of the same meaning.
British people 
 Originally, the word Briton in the English language meant a person from one of the Brythonic languages-speaking peoples in Great Britain and northern France: mostly the people of Strathclyde, Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.
British people 
 The use of Britons to mean all the people of Britain was not common in the English language before the early 18th century.
British people 
 It became more usual after the Acts of Union 1707 joined together the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
British people 
 The word Briton was frequently used in the 18th and 19th centuries with the suggestion of "qualities of bravery and fortitude".
British people 
 Writers like Edmund Spenser, Thomas Babington Macaulay, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson used it for strong women like the ancient British queen Boudica (who fought the Romans) and the English queen, Elizabeth I (whose Royal Navy defeated the Spanish Armada).
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 The scissor-tailed flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus), also known as the Texas bird-of-paradise and swallow-tailed flycatcher, is a type of bird that lives in North America, in the United States and Mexico.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 The common name is derived from its former Latin name-Muscivoria forficata, meaning "flying"-"scissors" and "to devour."
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 In Oklahoma, scissortails can be found on open prairies, along tree-lined roads, and along roadsides perched on fences, limbs and in isolated trees.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 They consume a great number of grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, and other ground-dwelling insects  making them economically important and popular with farmers and ranchers.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 Soon after the birds arrive in the state, the males begin their famous "sky dance," a popular site along roadsides during spring and early summer.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 After climbing about 100 feet in the air, the male makes a series of V-shaped flights, then plunges down in an erratic zigzag course often somersaulting  while uttering a rolling, cackling call.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 Scissor-tailed flycatchers are easily identified by their long scissor-like tail, which may reach nine inches in length.
Scissor-tailed flycatcher 
 During flight the bird opens its tail like a pair of scissors and folds or closes the "scissors" when perching.
Eastern redbud 
 Cercis canadensis L. (also known as the eastern redbud) is a large shrub or small tree native to eastern North America from southern Ontario, Canada south to northern Florida, United States.
Exit 
 Exit plan, commonly used to describe a plan for business owners to divest themselves of their business, or the planning for the termination of an operation
Cassowary 
 The southern cassowary is the largest forest bird in the world, and the second heaviest bird in the world after the ostrich.
Cassowary 
 The casque is a keratinous skin (like a finger nail) over an inside made of firm, but foam like material.
Cassowary 
 He thinks that the casques play a part in the way cassowaries hear sounds or the way that they make sounds.
Cassowary 
 The southern cassowary sound was measured at 32 hertz, and the Dwarf Cassowary was even lower at only 23 hertz.
Cassowary 
 The birds live by themselves, they do not live in groups so the "booming sound" might be a way for the birds to communicate (talk) over a long distance in thick rainforest.
Cassowary 
 Many of the forest places that they like to live in have been cleared for farming and other development.
Cassowary 
 It has been worked out that 75% of rain forest, where cassowaries used to live, have been cleared in Australia.
Cassowary 
 Scientists say that 70% of known cassowary deaths at Mission Beach, Queensland, were birds killed trying to cross roads.
Cassowary 
 Scientists do not know how many birds there are, but they think there may be anywhere from 2,500 to 9,999 northern cassowaries left.
Cassowary 
 The CSIRO are studying cassowary faeces to see if they can use their DNA to count how many birds are left.
Cassowary 
 In 2008, the Australian Government stopped rainforest land being used to build houses at Mission Beach.
Cassowary 
 They are going to try and keep corridors (narrow forest areas) so the birds can move between rainforest areas safely.
Cassowary 
 This will mean strict limits on motor car speeds to protect cassowaries that might try to cross some roads.
Cassowary 
 Many zoos, such as the Australian Reptile Park in Gosford, the Airlie Beach Wildlife Park and the Denver Zoo are trying to breed cassowaries.
Cassowary 
 English natural history writer and artist, John Gould, had drawings of the cassowary in his set of seven books called The Birds of Australia.
Province of Belluno 
 The province of Belluno has an area of  and is the most northern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and is almost entirely occupied by mountain areas.
Province of Belluno 
 In the eastern part of the province are the Dolomites, part of the eastern Alps, with high mountains, including the highest point of the province and of the region, the Marmolada () that is  high.
Province of Belluno 
 The province is rich in water, with the presence of the wide Piave river that flows through the province from north to south.
Province of Belluno 
 The southern part of the province is called Valbelluna, the widest and most populous valley of the province.
Province of Belluno 
 The province of Belluno borders to the north with Austria (Tyrol and Carinthia), to the east with the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Udine and Pordenone provinces), to the south with the Treviso and Vicenza provinces) and to the west and northwest with the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol region (Trento and South Tyrol provinces).
Province of Belluno 
 a Ladin (a Romance language) minority is present in the three communes of Colle Santa Lucia, Livinallongo del Col di Lana and Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Province of Rovigo 
 The province of Rovigo has an area of  and is the most southern of the provinces of the Veneto region, and its territory is almost flat, without mountains.
Province of Rovigo 
 The highest point of the province is in the Bergantino comune, to the west of the province; it is only  high.
Province of Rovigo 
 The province is rich in water, with the presence of the two longest rivers of Italy: the Po and the Adige rivers.
Province of Rovigo 
 Both flow from west to east and into the Adriatic Sea and most of the territory of the province is between these two rivers: the Adige in the north of the province and the Po in the south of it.
Province of Rovigo 
 The province of Rovigo borders to the northwest with the Verona province, to the north with the Padua province and the Metropolitan City of Venice, to the west with the Lombardy region (Mantua province) and to the south with the Ferrara Emilia-Romagna region.
Cascade 
 Cascade Limited, a subsidiary of Pacific Century Cyberworks (PCCW), a Hong Kong telecommunications company
Dromaeosauridae 
 The larger types are not found before about 124 mya in the Lower Cretaceous, and are only found in the northern hemisphere.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The presence of dromaeosaurs in the Middle Jurassic is shown by isolated fossil teeth, though no dromaeosaurid body fossils have been found this early.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Dromaeosaurs have a relatively large skull, serrated teeth, narrow snout, and forward-facing eyes with some degree of binocular vision.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Dromaeosaurs, like most other theropods, had an S-curved neck, and their trunk was relatively short and deep.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Like other maniraptorans, they had long arms, and relatively large hands with three long fingers ending in large claws.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The dromaeosaur hip structure featured a large 'pubic boot' (part of the hip) projecting beneath the base of the tail.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Some, and probably all, dromaeosaurs were covered in feathers, including large, vaned, wing and tail feathers.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Whereas other theropods walked with three toes on the ground, fossilized footprint tracks show that most dromaeosaurs held the second toe off the ground, with only the third and fourth toes bearing the weight of the animal.
Dromaeosauridae 
 One dromaeosaur species, Balaur bondoc, had a first toe which was highly modified in parallel with the second.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Both the first and second toes on each foot of B. bondoc were also held retracted and bore enlarged, sickle-shaped claws.
Dromaeosauridae 
 In his study of Deinonychus, Ostrom proposed that these features stiffened the tail so that it could only flex at the base, and the whole tail would then move as a single, rigid, lever.
Dromaeosauridae 
 However, one well-preserved specimen of Velociraptor mongoliensis (IGM 100/986) has an articulated tail skeleton which is curved horizontally in an S-shape.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Dromaeosaurs were small to medium-sized dinosaurs, ranging from about 0.7 meters in length (2.3 ft, in the case of Mahakala) to over 6m (20 ft, in Utahraptor and Achillobator).
Dromaeosauridae 
 A possible third lineage of giant dromaeosaurs is represented by isolated teeth found on the Isle of Wight, England.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The teeth belong to a Utahraptor-sized animal but are more similar in shape to the teeth of velociraptorines.
Dromaeosauridae 
 This evidence, and Microraptor and the troodontid Anchiornis, suggests the common ancestor of dromaeosaurs, troodontids, and birds – the 'ancestral paravian' – may have been very small, at around 65 cm in length and 600 to 700 grams of mass.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Some fossils preserve long feathers on the hands and arms (remiges) and tail (rectrices), as well as shorter, down-like feathers covering the body.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Other fossils, which do not preserve actual impressions of feathers, still preserve the associated bumps on the forearm bones where long wing feathers would have attached in life.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The first known dromaeosaur with definitive evidence of feathers was Sinornithosaurus, reported from China by Xu et al.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Many other dromaeosaur fossils have been found with feathers covering their bodies, some with fully-developed feathered wings.
Dromaeosauridae 
 While direct feather impressions are only possible in fine-grained sediments, some fossils found in coarser rocks show evidence of feathers by the presence of quill knobs, the attachment points for wing feathers possessed by some birds.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The dromaeosaurids Rahonavis and Velociraptor have both been found with quill knobs, showing that these forms had feathers despite no impressions having been found.
Dromaeosauridae 
 In light of this, it is most likely that even the larger ground-dwelling dromaeosaurs bore feathers, since even flightless birds today retain most of their plumage, and relatively large dromaeosaurs, like Velociraptor, are known to have had feathers.
Dromaeosauridae 
 When John Ostrom described it for Deinonychus in 1969, he interpreted the claw as a blade-like slashing weapon, much like the canines of some saber-toothed cats, used with powerful kicks to cut into prey.
Dromaeosauridae 
 In Manning's interpretation, the second toe claw would be used as a climbing aid when subduing bigger prey and also as stabbing weapon.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The seriema also has an enlarged second toe claw, and uses it to tear apart small prey items for swallowing.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The Manning team also compared the curvature of the dromaeosarid "sickle claw" on the foot with curvature in modern birds and mammals.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Previous studies had shown that the amount of curvature in a claw corresponded to what lifestyle the animal has: animals with strongly curved claws of a certain shape tend to be climbers, while straighter claws indicate ground-dwelling lifestyles.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The sickle-claws of the dromaeosaurid Deinonychus have a curvature of 160 degrees, well within the range of climbing animals.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Paleontologist Peter Mackovicky said that small, primitive dromaeosaurids (such as Microraptor) were likely to have been tree-climbers, but that climbing did not explain why later, gigantic dromaeosaurids such as Achillobator retained highly curved claws when they were too large to have climbed trees.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Deinonychus fossils have been uncovered in small groups near the remains of the herbivore Tenontosaurus, a larger ornithischian dinosaur.
Dromaeosauridae 
 This had been interpreted as evidence that these dromaeosaurs hunted in coordinated packs like some modern mammals.
Dromaeosauridae 
 However, not all paleontologists found the evidence conclusive, and a study in 2007 by Roach and Brinkman suggests that the Deinonychus may have actually displayed a disorganized mobbing behavior.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The trackway, (made by a large, Achillobator-sized species), showed the sickle-claw was held off the ground.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The individuals were spaced about one meter apart, and retained the same direction of travel, walking at a fairly slow pace.
Dromaeosauridae 
 While the trackways clearly do not represent hunting behavior, the idea that groups of dromaeosaurs may have hunted together can not be ruled out.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The first, Rahonavis was originally classified as avian bird, but found to be a dromaeosaur in later studies.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The forelimbs of Rahonavis were more powerfully built than Archaeopteryx, and show evidence that they bore strong ligament attachments necessary for flapping flight.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Luis Chiappe concluded that, given these adaptations, Rahonavis could probably fly but would have been more clumsy in the air than modern birds.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Another species of dromaeosaur, Microraptor, may have been capable of gliding using its well-developed wings on both the fore and hind limbs.
Dromaeosauridae 
 A 2005 study by Sankar Chatterjee suggested that the wings of Microraptor functioned like a split-level "biplane", and that it likely employed a style of gliding, in which it would launch from a perch and swoop downward in a 'U' shaped curve, then lift again to land on another tree, with the tail and hind wings helping to control its position and speed.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Chatterjee also found that Microraptor had the basic requirements to sustain level powered flight in addition to gliding.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Mark Norell and colleagues analyzed a survey of coelurosaur fossils and suggested that dromaeosaurs were most closely related to birds, with troodontids as a more distant outgroup.
Dromaeosauridae 
 In 2002, Hwang and colleagues suggested that birds (avialans) were better thought of as cousins to the dromaeosaurids and troodontids.
Dromaeosauridae 
 The current consensus among paleontologists agrees with Hwang that dromaeosaurids are most closely related to the troodontids, and together with the troodontids form the clade Deinonychosauria.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Deinonychosaurians in turn are the sister taxon to avialans, and therefore the closest relatives of avialan birds.
Dromaeosauridae 
 A consensus of paleontologists has concluded that there is not yet enough evidence to say whether any dromaeosaurs could fly or glide, or whether they evolved from ancestors that could.
Dromaeosauridae 
 At least two schools of researchers have proposed that dromaeosaurs may actually be descended from flying ancestors.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Xu and colleagues in 2003 cited the basal position of Microraptor, along with feather and wing features, as evidence that the ancestral dromaeosaur could glide.
Dromaeosauridae 
 In that case the larger dromaeosaurs would be secondarily terrestrial—having lost the ability to glide later in their evolutionary history.
Dromaeosauridae 
 A few researchers, like Larry Martin, believe that dromaeosaurs, along with all maniraptorans are not dinosaurs at all.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Martin asserted for decades that birds were unrelated to maniraptorans, but in 2004 he changed his position, and now he agrees that the two are the closest of relatives.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Martin believes that maniraptorans are secondarily flightless birds, and that birds evolved from non–dinosaurian archosaurs, so that most of the species formerly called theropods would now not even be classified as dinosaurs.
Dromaeosauridae 
 A challenge to all of these alternative scenarios came when Turner and colleagues in 2007 described a new dromaeosaur, Mahakala, which they found to be the most basal and most primitive member of the Dromaeosauridae, more primitive than Microraptor.
Dromaeosauridae 
 also inferred that flight evolved only in the Avialae, and these two points suggested that the ancestral dromaeosaurid could not glide or fly.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Based on this cladistic analysis, Mahakala suggests that the ancestral condition for dromaeosaurids is non-flying.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Dromaeosauridae was first defined as a clade by Paul Sereno in 1998, as the most inclusive natural group containing Dromaeosaurus but not Troodon, Ornithomimus or Passer.
Dromaeosauridae 
 Mahakala, for example, the most primitive dromaeosaur in terms of structure, falls outside any named sub-group.