the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Bread 
 Orthodox churches forbid the use of unleavened bread for the Eucharist (Old Testament) and permit leavened bread only as a symbol of the New.
Bread 
 This was one of the three points of contention that brought about the schism between Eastern and Western churches in 1054.
Bread 
 Cake is made in a similar way to bread but sugar, fat, and milk are added to the dough and often more ingredients.
Shinto 
 Some "kami" are just spirits of certain places, and some are the overall "kami" (like "Amaterasu", the Sun goddess).
Shinto 
 The word "Shinto" comes from the Japanese words "", shin—the word for spirit or god, and "", tō—the word for "the way" or "path".
Volcano 
 A volcano is a mountain that has lava (hot, liquid rock) coming out from a magma chamber under the ground, or did have in the past.
Volcano 
 Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's plates, e.g., in the East African Rift.
Volcano 
 These so-called "hotspots", for example Hawaii, are thought to arise from upwelling magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth.
Volcano 
 Volcanologists are scientists who study volcanoes using methods from geology, chemistry, geography, mineralogy, physics and sociology.
Volcano 
 Like all the other Hawaiian volcanoes, Mauna Loa was created by the movement of the Pacific tectonic plate which moved over the Hawaii hotspot in the Earth's mantle.
Volcano 
 The lava and pyroclastic material (clouds of ash, lava fragments and vapor) that comes out from volcanoes can make many different kinds of land shapes.
Volcano 
 Shield volcanoes do not grow to a great height, and the layers of lava spread out to give the volcano gently sloping sides.
Volcano 
 The base of the volcano increases in size over successive eruptions where solidified lava spreads out and accumulates.
Volcano 
 Mauna Kea in Hawaii is the biggest mountain on Earth if it is measured from its base on the floor of the sea.
Volcano 
 The magma forming this lava is often felsic, with high-to-intermediate levels of silica, and less mafic magma.
Volcano 
 Vesuvius is famous for its destruction of the towns Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 AD, killing thousands.
Volcano 
 When these two plates meet, one of them (usually the oceanic plate) goes under the continental plate.
Volcano 
 Afterwards, it melts and makes magma (inside the magma chamber), and the pressure builds up until the magma bursts through the Earth's crust.
Volcano 
 The 310,000 km2 (119,000 sq mi) volcano, Tamu Massif, is comparable in size to Mars' vast Olympus Mons volcano, which is the largest in the Solar System.
Volcano 
 It was formed about 145 million years ago when massive lava flows erupted from the centre of the volcano to form a broad, shield-like feature.
Volcano 
 The researchers doubted the submerged volcano's peak ever rose above sea level during its lifetime and say it is unlikely to erupt again.
Volcano 
 "The bottom line is that we think that Tamu Massif was built in a short (geologically speaking) time of one to several million years and it has been extinct since," co-author William Sager, of the University of Houston told the AFP news agency.
Volcano 
 "There were lots of oceanic plateaus (that) erupted during the Cretaceous period (145-65 million years ago) but we don't see them since.
Volcano 
 Scientists would like to know why... The biggest oceanic plateau is Ontong Java plateau, near the equator in the Pacific, east of the Solomon Islands.
Big Bang 
 The Big Bang is a scientific theory about how the universe started, and then made the stars and galaxies we see today.
Big Bang 
 The Big Bang is the name that scientists use for the most common theory of the universe, from the very early stages to the present day.
Big Bang 
 The universe began as a very hot, small, and dense superforce (the mix of the four fundamental forces), with no stars, atoms, form, or structure (called a "singularity").
Big Bang 
 It was Georges  who first noted (in 1927) that an expanding universe could be traced back in time to an originating single point.
Big Bang 
 Some scientists who study cosmology have agreed that the Big Bang theory matches what they have observed so far.
Big Bang 
 When an object moves away from Earth, its color rays look more similar to the color red than they actually are, because the movement stretches the wavelength of light given off by the object.
Big Bang 
 Scientists use the word "red hot" to describe this stretched light wave because red is the longest wavelength on the visible spectrum.
Big Bang 
 By measuring the redshift, scientists proved that the universe is expanding, and they can work out how fast the object is moving away from the Earth.
Big Bang 
 With very exact observation and measurements, scientists believe that the universe was a singularity approximately 13.8 billion years ago.
Big Bang 
 Because most things become colder as they expand, scientists assume that the universe was very small and very hot when it started.
Big Bang 
 Other observations that support the Big Bang theory are the amounts of chemical elements in the universe.
Big Bang 
 Amounts of very light elements, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium seem to agree with the theory of the Big Bang.
Big Bang 
 If the Big Bang was the beginning of time, then there was no universe before the Big Bang, since there could not be any "before" if there was no time!
Big Bang 
 Instead, some believe that there was a completely different universe before the Big Bang, and it may have been very different from the one we know today.
Big Bang 
 Nonetheless, in November 2019, Jim Peebles, awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology.
Big Bang 
 Noted, in his award presentation, that he does not support the Big Bang Theory, due to the lack of concrete supporting evidence, and stated, "It's very unfortunate that one thinks of the beginning whereas in fact, we have no good theory of such a thing as the beginning."
Gmail 
 The space given to any Gmail member is increased a small amount every second, and as of July 26, 2012, Google provides each account with about 10272 MB of space.
Gmail 
 It is to allow system administrators of a company or organisation to create email accounts for their own domain.
Gmail 
 In the United Kingdom (UK), the trademark "Gmail" was owned by another company before Gmail by Google was started.
Gmail 
 Thus, the United Kingdom uses a domain of "googlemail.com" for their users, and the logo has the words of "Google Mail" instead of the normal "Gmail".
Gmail 
 In September 2009 Google began to change the branding of UK accounts back to Gmail following the resolution of the trademark dispute.
Astronomer 
 Observational astronomers work in observatories with telescopes to collect information from things in outer space such as planets, stars, or galaxies.
Astronomer 
 Theoretical astronomers study the collected information, and use it to help us understand how the universe behaves.
Analysis 
 Analysis is the process of breaking a complex topic or substance into smaller parts to gain a better understanding of it.
Analysis 
 The technique has been applied in the study of mathematics and logic since before Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), though analysis as a formal concept is a relatively recent development.
Analysis 
 The word comes from the Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (analusis, "a breaking up", from ana- "up, throughout" and lysis "a loosening").
Analysis 
 Mathematical analysis is the name given to any branch of mathematics that looks at what functions are, how they behave, and what things can be done with them.
Analysis 
 The process of breaking up a concept, proposition, or fact into its simple or ultimate constituents.
Analysis 
 Geometry assumes a proposition to be true and searches for another known truth from which the proposition may be deduced.
Analysis 
 The process of breaking a concept down into more simple parts, so that its logical structure is displayed.
Analysis 
 Philosophical analysis is a method of inquiry in which one seeks to assess complex systems of thought by ‘analysing’ them into simpler elements whose relationships are thereby brought into focus.
Foolishness 
 The wise fool is a common literary character, a person who appears at first to be unintelligent but then reveals him or herself to possess a grest deal of wisdom.
Foolishness 
 However, as the tale unfolds, he reveals himself to possess a wealth of common sense, first expressed through endless proverbs, but then through his own skill.
Foolishness 
 In this sense he provides a comic juxtaposition to Quixote himself, who is highly educated but insane; both of them supply what the other lacks.
Aristotle 
 Aristotle (Stagira, Macedonia, 384 BC – Chalicis, Euboea, Greece, 7 March 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher.
Aristotle 
 At about the age of eighteen, Aristotle went to Athens to become a student of Plato at Plato's Academy.
Aristotle 
 During that time, he did not only teach Alexander; he also taught two other future kings: Ptolemy and Cassander.
Aristotle 
 He encouraged Alexander to conquer Persia, which was an empire to the east, because he thought it would be better if the Greeks were in charge.
Aristotle 
 One time, he advised Alexander to be 'a leader to the Greeks and a despot to the barbarians, to look after the former as after friends and relatives, and to deal with the latter as with beasts or plants'.p58
Aristotle 
 Some people think Aristotle was probably the last person to know everything there was to know about in his own time.
Aristotle 
 These three thinkers turned early Greek philosophy into the beginnings of Western philosophy as it is today.
Aristotle 
 Most of the things Aristotle wrote that we still have today are notes from his speaking and teaching.
Aristotle 
 Some of his important writings are Physics, Metaphysics, (Nicomachean) Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul), and Poetics.
Aristotle 
 He believed that all matter was continuous whereas Democritus stated the all matter was made up of tiny indivisible things called "atoms".
Aristotle 
 He certainly did research on the natural history of Lesbos, and the surrounding seas and neighbouring areas.
Aristotle 
 The works History of Animals, Generation of Animals and Parts of Animals have observations and interpretations, along with some myths and mistakes.
Aristotle 
 His writing on cephalopods such as Octopus, Sepia (cuttlefish) and the paper nautilus (Argonauta argo) are accurate.
Aristotle 
 His description of the hectocotyl arm, used in sexual reproduction, was widely disbelieved until its rediscovery in the 19th century.
Aristotle 
 He separated the aquatic mammals from fish, and knew that sharks and rays were part of the group he called Selachē (Selachimorpha).
Aristotle 
 Another good example of his methods comes from the Generation of Animals in which Aristotle describes breaking open fertilized chicken eggs at intervals to observe when visible organs were generated.
Aristotle 
 He gave accurate descriptions of ruminants' four-chambered fore-stomachs, and of the ovoviviparous egg development of the houndshark Mustelus mustelus.
Aristotle 
 Aristotle was the founder of formal logic, pioneered the study of zoology, and helped to develop scientific method.
Aristotle 
 Despite these achievements, Aristotle's errors are thought by some, such as Peter Medawar, to have held back science considerably.
Aristotle 
 Bertrand Russell notes that "almost every serious intellectual advance has had to begin with an attack on some Aristotelian doctrine".
Aristotle 
 Russell also refers to Aristotle's Ethics as "repulsive", and calls his logic "as definitely antiquated as Ptolemaic astronomy".
Aristotle 
 Russell says these errors make it difficult to do historical justice to Aristotle, until one remembers what an advance he made on his predecessors.
Aristotle 
 The immediate influence of Aristotle's work was felt as the Lyceum grew into the Peripatetic school of philosophers.
Aristotle 
 Aristotle's influence over Alexander the Great is seen in the latter's bringing with him, on his expedition,  biologists and researchers.
Carl Sagan 
 He was very interested in what life on other planets would be like, which is known as SETI (search for extraterrestrial intelligence).
Carl Sagan 
 He felt like the general public was losing interest in science, so he wrote many books and appeared on television to make it popular again.
Carl Sagan 
 Cosmos was a television series about many different scientific topics, which Sagan co-wrote and narrated.
Carl Sagan 
 He followed with a doctorate in Astronomy in 1960 and taught at Harvard University until 1968, when he moved to Cornell University.
Carl Sagan 
 He thought of the idea of putting a message on spacecraft which could be understood by any life from another planet that might find it.
Carl Sagan 
 The last message he helped with was the Voyager Golden Record that was sent out with the Voyager space probes.
Carl Sagan 
 He helped people learn about the atmosphere of Venus, seasonal changes on Mars, and Saturn's moon Titan.
Carl Sagan 
 He also said that global warming was a growing, man-made danger like the natural development of Venus into a hot and dangerous planet with greenhouse gases.
Carl Sagan 
 Sagan was among the first to guess that Titan and Jupiter's moon Europa might have oceans or lakes, which means that life could be there.
Carl Sagan 
 Sagan also believed that the Drake equation suggested that many kinds of intelligent life could form, but that the lack of evidence (the Fermi paradox) suggests that intelligent beings destroy themselves rather quickly.
Carl Sagan 
 This made him keen to talk about ways that humanity could destroy itself, in the hope of avoiding such destruction.
Carl Sagan 
 He wrote (with Ann Druyan, who became his third wife) and made the very popular thirteen-part PBS television series Cosmos; he also wrote books to help science become more popular (The Dragons of Eden, which won a Pulitzer Prize, Broca's Brain, etc.)
Carl Sagan 
 and a novel, Contact, that was a best-seller and was made into a film starring Jodie Foster in 1997.
Carl Sagan 
 After Cosmos, Sagan was linked with the catchphrase "billions and billions", which he never used in the television series (but he often used the word "billions").
Carl Sagan 
 He wrote Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space, which was chosen as a notable book of 1995 by The New York Times.
Carl Sagan 
 Although they all liked the way he made science popular, some were afraid that people would think that his personal opinions might be confused with real science.
Carl Sagan 
 What he said about the Kuwait oil well fires during the first Gulf War were shown later to be wrong.
Carl Sagan 
 In his book The Demon-Haunted World, Sagan gave a list of mistakes he had made as an example of how science is self-correcting.
Carl Sagan 
 The compilation Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the End of the Millennium, published after Sagan's death, contains essays written by Sagan, such as his views on abortion, and Ann Druyan's account of his death as a non-believer.
Carl Sagan 
 After a long and difficult fight with myelodysplasia, Sagan died of pneumonia at the age of 62, on December 20, 1996, at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington.
Carl Sagan 
 Sagan was very important, because he made science popular, and changed the way science was organized, and because he defended humanism, and argued against seeing things from only one point of view.
Carl Sagan 
 The landing site of the unmanned Mars Pathfinder spacecraft was renamed the Carl Sagan Memorial Station in honor of Dr. Sagan on July 5, 1997.
Carl Sagan 
 The 1997 movie Contact (see above), based on Sagan's novel of the same name, and finished after his death, ends with the dedication "For Carl."
Carl Sagan 
 In Praise of Reason Award - 1987 - Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
Carl Sagan 
 Sagan, Carl and Richard Turco, A Path Where No Man Thought: Nuclear Winter and the End of the Arms Race.
Carl Sagan 
 Sagan, Carl and Ann Druyan, Billions & Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium.
Carl Sagan 
 Tributes by Tom McDonough, James Randi and Michael Shermer, and a selection of quotes from Sagan's works, published in Skeptic, Vol.
Carl Sagan 
 Even in Death, Carl Sagan's Influence Is Still Cosmic by William J. Broad, The New York Times, November 30, 1998.
Matsuo Basho 
 According to Japanese custom, he is usually called Basho without his family name, and his signature as a poet does not include his house name.
Matsuo Basho 
 He is one of the greatest writers of the Edo period, and he raised the haiku form to its highest level.
Matsuo Basho 
 After many years of samurai life he found that poetry would be his life work, and gave up being a samurai.
Matsuo Basho 
 The trip in this book ends in Ogaki, Mino (Gifu prefecture today) with one of his haiku where he hinted that he wanted to visit Ise shrine after staying in Ogaki.
Matsuo Basho 
 Matsuo was considered to have written some of the most beautiful travel diaries ever written in Japanese.
Matsuo Basho 
 Basho died because of disease in early autumn of 1694 in Osaka, while staying at a house of his disciple on a trip.
Colonization 
 Colonization is the act of one country settling another place, in order to become the new rulers of the new country, and to live in the new country.
Colonization 
 Because of this, and the killing of many Native Americans, most people now living in North America are the descendents of Europeans.
Colonization 
 Sometimes, science fiction stories talk about space colonization on space stations or planets other than Earth.
Colonization 
 Some science fiction stories like The Matrix speak of the robots the human beings made, taking over, and colonizing Earth.
Choreography 
 They may also act as trainers for professional dancers in ballet, stage shows and competitive ballroom dance.
Choreography 
 For example, Bob Anderson designed many of the sword fight scenes in the Lord of the Rings movies as well as some of the Star Wars movies.
Electrical cell 
 An electrical cell is a device used to generate electricity, or to make chemical reactions  by applying electricity.
Electrical cell 
 They are also called galvanic cells, because an Italian scientist named Luigi Galvani invented these cells.
Electrical cell 
 Special chemical reactions which occur inside the electrical cell, result in oxidation and reduction of the substances inside the cell.
Electrical cell 
 A plate of zinc and a plate of copper immersed in a dilute solution which contains acid or salt is an example of the chemical reaction based cell.
Electrical cell 
 When the two plates are connected to a current meter with a wire, electric current will pass; this is because oxidation and reduction processes take place in this chemical reaction turning the zinc plate to a negative electrode and the copper plate to a positive electrode, and so the electrons flow from zinc to copper.
Electrical cell 
 The chemical substances are exposed to electrical power, and the electrolysis reaction happens inside the electrical cell.
Electrical cell 
 Two pieces of metal are placed in water that has a little electrolyte such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide added to it.
Electrical cell 
 There may also be a chemical reaction which will result in the explosion of the iron and has a strong blast radius (safety goggles recommended).
Vietnam War 
 The Vietnam War (also known as Second Indochina War or American War in Vietnam) lasted from 1 November 1955–30 April 1975, (19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks, and 1 day).
Vietnam War 
 North Vietnam was supported by the Soviet Union, China and North Korea, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States, South Korea, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines.
Vietnam War 
 The Viet Cong, also known as the National Liberation Front, or NLF, was a South Vietnamese communist force helped by North Vietnam.
Vietnam War 
 The People's Army of Vietnam (also known as the North Vietnamese Army) engaged in a more conventional war, at times putting large forces to battle.
Vietnam War 
 The Vietnam War was very controversial, especially in the United States, and was the first war to feature live television coverage.
Vietnam War 
 The war became so unpopular in the United States that President Richard Nixon eventually agreed to send American soldiers home in 1973.
Vietnam War 
 After France defeated China in the Sino-French War (1884–1885), it took over Tonkin, the northern part of Vietnam.
Vietnam War 
 French Indochina was formed in October 1887 from these three areas of Vietnam (Cochinchina, Annam and Tonkin), as well as the Kingdom of Cambodia.
Vietnam War 
 During World War II, after Nazi Germany had defeated the French in 1940, French Indochina was controlled by the Vichy French government, a puppet government recognized by  Germany.
Vietnam War 
 After the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Vichy government was no longer in control of France or its territories.
Vietnam War 
 The newly-formed Provisional Government of the French Republic attempted to take back control of its former colonies in Indochina by force.
Vietnam War 
 if necessary, but France's efforts at regaining its colony in Vietnam were opposed by a Vietnamese army called the Viet Minh.
Vietnam War 
 The Viet Minh had been founded in 1941 by the Vietnamese Communist Party and was led by Hồ Chí Minh.
Vietnam War 
 The fighting started with the French bombardment of Haiphong Harbor in November 1946 and ended with a triumph of the Viet Minh at Dien Bien Phu.
Vietnam War 
 This resulted in dividing Vietnam along the 17th parallel into a northern section, under the control of the communists, led by Ho Chi Minh as president and a southern section, led by the Catholic anticommunist Ngo Dinh Diem.
Vietnam War 
 However, Diem started arresting suspected communist sympathizers in 1956 and wanted to keep power for himself.
Vietnam War 
 The elections were never held, and in 1957, North Vietnam began guerrilla warfare against the south.
Vietnam War 
 The United States supported the anticommunist government in South Vietnam and began to send military advisors to help train and support the South Vietnamese Army.
Vietnam War 
 The South was fighting against the Viet Cong (known as the National Liberation Front to the North Vietnamese), a communist party based in South Vietnam that was allied with North Vietnam.
Vietnam War 
 In 1959, North Vietnam dramatically increased its military assistance to the Viet Cong, which then began attacking South Vietnamese military units.
Vietnam War 
 In the domino theory, the US feared that if communism took hold in Vietnam, it would then spread to other countries nearby.
Vietnam War 
 On 2 August 1964, the destroyer USS Maddox was in the Gulf of Tonkin, on an intelligence mission along North Vietnam's coast.
Vietnam War 
 The US then claimed that two days later, the torpedo boats again attacked the Maddox and the destroyer USS Turner Joy.
Vietnam War 
 In the second attack, the US ships did not actually see the torpedo boats, but it was that they had been found by using the ship's radar.
Vietnam War 
 The Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Joint Resolution (H.J. RES 1145) on 7 August 1964 and so gave the president the power to run large-scale military operations in Southeast Asia without declaring war.
Vietnam War 
 There was little to no proof of the attacks, and it had been believed by some that they were an excuse for expanded US involvement in Indochina.
Vietnam War 
 The North Vietnamese and Viet Cong were supplied by a vast network of hidden trails, known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
Vietnam War 
 Supplies and soldiers from North Vietnam were sent through Laos to communists forces in South Vietnam.
Vietnam War 
 Severe communist losses during the 1968 Tet Offensive made it possible for the US to withdraw many soldiers.
Vietnam War 
 As part of a policy called "Vietnamization," South Vietnamese troops were trained and equipped to replace the Americans who had left.