the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Nuclear weapon 
 The rapid expansion of the fireball creates a dangerous shock wave that can destroy houses or buildings several kilometers away.
Nuclear weapon 
 The radiation can cause radiation poisoning and also has the potential to cause mutations in the DNA, which can cause cancer.
Nuclear weapon 
 Nuclear bombs also release fallout, which is nuclear material and dust that has been irradiated and become radioactive.
Nuclear weapon 
 Over time, the radioactive fallout can potentially kill people farther away, depending on how much was released.
Nuclear weapon 
 Fallout from a nuclear explosion can be blown by the wind over large distances from the explosion and can remain dangerous for long periods of time.
Nuclear weapon 
 A hydrogen bomb, also known as a fusion bomb, uses hydrogen isotopes (deuterium and tritium) in addition to uranium or plutonium.
Nuclear weapon 
 Despite the name, a typical hydrogen bomb has only enough hydrogen to produce additional neutrons to detonate a casing made of natural uranium.
Nuclear weapon 
 Nuclear weapons are difficult to build because they need special isotopes of uranium or plutonium, as well as specialized technology.
Nuclear weapon 
 When countries without nuclear weapons create their own, that is commonly referred to as nuclear proliferation.
Nuclear weapon 
 When a nuclear device is placed on a missile it is commonly called a nuclear missile and can be carried by airplanes, submarines, or trucks or placed into underground missile silos.
Nuclear weapon 
 Some kinds of airplanes like the B-29 Superfortress, B-36 Peacemaker, B-52 Stratofortress, and B-2 Spirit have carried nuclear weapons.
Nuclear weapon 
 They are also carried by missiles, such as intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) or submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs).
Nuclear weapon 
 Some missiles travel to the border of space and then launch a number of separate nuclear weapons back toward the ground, with each weapon travelling to a different target.
Nuclear weapon 
 Very large nuclear bombs have been produced, but in practice a weapon with multiple warheads can produce much more damage by attacking more targets.
Nuclear weapon 
 Nuclear weapons take many resources to make because the materials they are made of are very rare, and it takes many scientists to make them.
Nuclear weapon 
 The countries that have nuclear weapons are listed here in the order that they were invented: United States (1945), Russia (1949), United Kingdom (1952), France (1960), China (1964), India (1974), and Pakistan (1998).
Nuclear weapon 
 Some countries used to have nuclear weapons but have since then said that they have gotten rid of them.
Nuclear weapon 
 There are 92 known instances of atom bombs being lost at sea by all of the countries known to posses them.
Nuclear weapon 
 As well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the first nuclear test of a given weapon type for a country is included, and tests which were otherwise notable (such as the largest test ever).
Nuclear weapon 
 Over 500 atmospheric nuclear weapons tests were done at various sites around the world from 1945 to 1980.
Nuclear weapon 
 As public awareness and concern grew over the possible health hazards associated with exposure to nuclear fallout, various studies were done.
Nuclear weapon 
 A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study says that nuclear fallout might have led to 11,000 excess deaths, most caused by thyroid cancer linked to exposure to iodine-131.
Chojnów 
 The Whole-Poland bike race Masters has been organized in Chojnów once a year for the past few years.
Chojnów 
 Among products produced in Chojnów are: paperware, agricultural machinery, chains, metal furniture for hospitals, equipment for the meat industry, beer, wine, leather clothing, clothing for infants, children and adults.
Chojnów 
 The most interesting monuments of Chojnów are prince of Legnica's castle from the 13th century (currently used as a museum), two old churches, Baszta Tkaczy (Weavers' Tower) and preserved fragments of city walls.
Chojnów 
 The biggest green area in Chojnów is small forest Park Piastowski (Piast's Park), named after Piast dynasty as part of Communist anti-German propaganda.
Chojnów 
 Wild animals that live around Chojnów are roe-deers, foxes, rabbits and wild domestic animals, especially cats.
Comics 
 The first panel is supposed to be read first, and takes place earlier in time than the panels that follow it.
Comics 
 The Japanese word for comics is manga, and people use this word for Japanese comics in English and other languages.
Comics 
 There are many different kinds of word balloons, such as the "speech balloon", the "thought balloon" and the "scream balloon".
Diamond 
 A diamond (from the ancient Greek αδάμας – adámas "unbreakable") is a re-arrangement of carbon atoms (those are called allotropes).
Diamond 
 Those lower quality diamonds are called industrial diamonds, and are used to make things like drill bits and diamond saws.
Diamond 
 These are exposure of carbon-bearing materials to high pressure, between 45 and 60 kilobars (4.5 and 6 GPa), but at a comparatively low temperature, between about .
Diamond 
 These conditions are found in two places on Earth: in the lithospheric mantle below relatively stable continental plates, and at the site of a meteorite strike.
Diamond 
 Large synthetic ones are even more expensive to make than to find and dig up, so people don't make large synthetic diamonds.
Diamond 
 For many decades the trading of diamonds was controlled by the De Beers group of companies, who controlled most of Africa's rich diamond mines.
Diamond 
 However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, new diamond mines opened in Canada and Australia that De Beers wasn't able to control.
Diamond 
 When the USSR collapsed in 1991, many cheap Russian diamonds entered the market, overwhelming De Beers and their efforts to control it.
Diamond 
 De Beers still runs most of Africa's diamond mines, but their mines now only produce about one third of the world's diamonds.
Diamond 
 The diamond invention (Complete book, includes "Chapter 20: Have you ever tried to sell a diamond?")
Thanksgiving 
 In 1863, Abraham Lincoln said the last Thursday of November would be a national Day of Thanksgiving for the United States.
Thanksgiving 
 American immigrants brought the customs and practices of the American Thanksgiving to Canada, beginning on April 5, 1872.
Thanksgiving 
 The United States Congress permanently made the fourth Thursday of each November as a national holiday in the year 1941.
Thanksgiving 
 The event that Americans commonly call the "First Thanksgiving" was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first feast in the New World in October 1621.
Nobel Prize 
 The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the Nobel Prize in Physics and the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel
Nobel Prize 
 The Norwegian Nobel Committee, appointed by the Norwegian Parliament (Stortinget), for Nobel Peace Prize
Nobel Prize 
 Marie Curie – in Physics 1903, for the discovery of radioactivity; and in Chemistry 1911, for the isolation of pure radium
Nobel Prize 
 Linus Pauling – in Chemistry 1954, for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances; and for Peace 1962, for nuclear test-ban treaty activism.
Nobel Prize 
 John Bardeen – in Physics 1956, for the invention of the transistor; and Physics 1972, for the theory of superconductivity.
Nobel Prize 
 Frederick Sanger – in Chemistry 1958, for structure of the insulin molecule; and in Chemistry 1980, for virus nucleotide sequencing.
Nobel Prize 
 As a group, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times: in 1917, 1944, and 1963.
Nobel Prize 
 The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) received the Peace Prize in 1954 and 1981.
Nobel Prize 
 Also, Henry Labouisse, the husband of the Curies' second daughter Ève, was the director of UNICEF when it won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965.
Nobel Prize 
 He was the brother of Nikolaas Tinbergen, who shared the Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973 with Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch.
Nobel Prize 
 Nelson Mandela and F. W. de Klerk received the Nobel Peace Prize for their works during the civil rights revolution in South Africa in 1993.
Nobel Prize 
 The youngest person to ever receive the Nobel Peace Prize, or any Nobel prize, is the Pakistani girl activist Malala Yousafzai, who was 17 years old when she received this in October 2014.
Graph 
 A graph is a picture designed to express words, particularly the connection between two or more quantities.
Graph 
 A simple graph usually shows the relationship between two numbers or measurements in the form of a grid.
Graph 
 If this is a rectangular graph using Cartesian coordinate system, the two measurements will be arranged into two different lines at right angle to one another.
Graph 
 So each measurement is indicated by the length of the associated tick mark along the particular axis.
Graph 
 You might show your height in centimeters on the vertical axis and your age in years on the horizontal axis.
Graph 
 For example, say you were 60 centimeters tall at age 1, 85 centimeters tall at age 2 and 95 centimeters tall at age 3.
Graph 
 You would draw an imaginary straight line passing through the 50 centimeters height mark on the vertical axis.
Graph 
 Then you would draw a second imaginary line passing through the age of 1 year on the horizontal axis.
Graph 
 At the place where the two imaginary lines meet (called their intersection), you would then draw a dot.
Graph 
 When you had enough points on your graph, you could draw a line through each of the plotted points, making your graph a line graph.
Graph 
 For example, the line graph at the upper right shows the unemployment rate (as a percent) on the vertical axis and the year (from 1950 to 2005) on the horizontal axis.
Graph 
 Or you might plot the Gross Domestic Product (in billions of dollars) as a second line against the same years on the unemployment graph above.
Graph 
 For example, the unemployment rates graph at the beginning of this article could be expressed in the form of a table.
Graph 
 For example, by looking at the graph you can see at a glance that unemployment was relatively low in the late sixties but relatively high in the early eighties.
Graph 
 Scientists and engineers use graphs so that they can get a better understanding of the broad meaning and importance of their data.
Graph 
 Salesmen and businessmen often use graphs to add importance to their points in a sales or business presentation.
Graph 
 For example, the formula x = y says that the value of x will always be equal to the value of y. If you plot this formula as a graph, with x as the horizontal axis and y as the vertical axis, you will get a graph that looks like a straight line angled at precisely 45 degrees.
Graph 
 What we have been talking about in the article above is the commonest form of graphs and graph paper.
Graph 
 However the evenly drawn vertical and horizontal lines on the paper are not the graph itself but are part of the graph paper.
Graph 
 These include: bar graphs, pie graphs, polar graphs, scatter graphs, three-dimensional graphs, logarithmic graphs and many others.
Collision detection 
 Collision detection is a program used on computers to help it understand when two objects will hit into each other.
Collision detection 
 When a computer shows two things on the screen, or controls two things in real life (like robots), it sometimes needs a special program to detect where objects to understand where things are.
Collision detection 
 This might be used to help make sure things like planes do not hit each other, or just to display a video game.
Berkeley Software Distribution 
 Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) is a kind of the UNIX operating system that is distributed for free since 1989.
Jacques Cartier 
 He was born on 31 December 1491 in Saint-Malo, a small town in Brittany (which was later part of France), and lived until 1 September 1557.
Jacques Cartier 
 He was the first European man to see Prince Edward Island, the St. Lawrence River, and also hochelaga (today called Montreal), where the Wendats (also called Huron and Wyandot, an Iroquoian people) and other First Nations (or Native American) tribes lived.
Jacques Cartier 
 Spain and Portugal were already getting large profits when King Francis I of France asked Jacques Cartier to take a ship to the Americas .
Jacques Cartier 
 Cartier was a good sailor from Saint-Malo, where many people knew about sailing to the New World for fish.
Jacques Cartier 
 On his second trip, he brought them back, but later captured chief Donnacona and took him to France, where Donnacona died.
Jacques Cartier 
 The Wendats were not as friendly to the French as on his first two visits, so after many hardships they had to go back to France.
Jacques Cartier 
 Because Cartier first led the French to visit Canada, the French later said they had a right to control  most of Eastern Canada.
Vasco da Gama 
 He was the first European who went to India through the Cape of Good Hope at the southern end of Africa.
Vasco da Gama 
 On the 4th of July 1497 da Gama left Lisbon with four ships: the São Gabriel, the São Rafael, the Berrio, and a storage ship of unknown name.
Vasco da Gama 
 Da Gama's crew gave the South African coast they were passing the name Natal, which means "Christmas" in Portuguese.
Vasco da Gama 
 An angry crowd discovered that da Gama's men were not Muslims, so the crew continued north to Kenya.
Vasco da Gama 
 The pilot brought the Portuguese men to the city of Calicut on the southwest coast of India on May 20, 1498.
Vasco da Gama 
 During this trip, he attacked and stole from all the Arab and Indian ships he found in the Indian Ocean.
Vasco da Gama 
 Then, he went on to Calicut and took over that city, capturing a lot of wealth, pleasing the King of Portugal.
Vasco da Gama 
 Vasco da Gama went on one last trip in 1524 to be the viceroy (governor) of Calicut, which was by that time a Portuguese colony.
Iodised salt 
 Iodized salt (also spelled "iodized salt") is table salt mixed with tiny amounts of iodide and is used to prevent disease of the thyroid gland.
Iodised salt 
 Food crops usually get iodine from the soil, but some places around the world have low amounts of iodine.
Iodised salt 
 Ordinary table (cooking) salt is a chemical compound called "sodium chloride" (its chemical formula is NaCl). "
College 
 In some countries, for example the United Kingdom, college also means a house belonging to a university, where students and teachers live together.
Battery 
 A battery produces direct current (DC) electricity (electricity that flows in one direction, and does not switch back and forth).
Battery 
 Using the electricity from an outlet in a building is cheaper and more efficient, but a battery can provide electricity in areas that do not have electric power distribution.
Battery 
 An electric current happens when a wire connects the anode to the cathode, and the electrons move from one end to the other. (
Battery 
 But a battery can be damaged by just a wire connecting the two ends, so a load is also needed between the two ends.
Battery 
 The load is something that slows the electrons down, and usually does something useful, like a lightbulb in a flashlight, or the electronics in a calculator).
Battery 
 For example, if you leave your laptop on for a long time, and then touch the battery, it will be warm or hot.
Battery 
 A rechargeable battery is recharged by reversing the chemical reaction that occurs within the battery.
Battery 
 Non-rechargeable batteries should not be charged as various harmful substances can leak out, such as potassium hydroxide.
Battery 
 Connecting the positive of one cell to the negative of the next cell is called connecting them in series.
Battery 
 Connecting the positive of one cell to the positive of the other, and the negative to the negative is called connecting them in parallel.
Battery 
 AA, AAA, C, and D cells, including alkaline batteries, are of standard sizes and shapes, and have about 1.5 volts.
Battery 
 Since the voltage stays the same, more charge means a bigger cell can supply more amps, or run for a longer time.
Battery 
 In small, modern batteries, the fluid is immobilized in a kind of paste and everything is put in a sealed case.
Battery 
 Dry cells, cells that do not contain a liquid (or contain an immobilized liquid such as a paste or gel) as the electrolyte
Battery 
 A capacitor can store electricity and create electricity much faster than a battery, but it usually costs too much to make it as big as a battery can be.
Battery 
 Scientists and chemical engineers are working to make better capacitors and batteries for electric cars.
Battery 
 Clockwork radios, clockwork torches and similar devices also have a wind-up spring to store mechanical energy.
Knife 
 Hunters use a hunting knife, soldiers use the combat knife, scouts, campers, and hikers carry a pocket knife; there are kitchen knives for preparing foods, table knives, weapons, knives for throwing or juggling, and knives for religious ceremony or display.
Knife 
 Sharp stone tools became more advanced in design during the late Lithic periods, and a variety of techniques was used to produce such ‘knives’ in the Neolithic era.
Knife 
 The copper and bronze ages followed, and of course brought tremendous changes to the ‘sharp-edge’ technology.
Knife 
 These new metal tools were much more durable than stone ones, and hence mining and metal-processing became an important activity.
Knife 
 Kitchen knives are sharp knives with wood or plastic handles used for chopping food and meat that is going to be cooked.
Knife 
 Fish knives and butter knives are also used at the table and have rounded blades that are not sharp.
Knife 
 Construction knives and utility knives are used for cutting vinyl flooring, insulation, plastic sheathing, and carpet.
Knife 
 Carrying knives is illegal in many countries, especially if the blade is longer than several inches.
Knife 
 Another type of knife which is illegal in many places is the "switchblade," a knife that has a button which when pressed activates a spring to open the knife.
Nyngan, New South Wales 
 It is  north west of Dubbo, and  south east of Bourke in the Central West Plains of New South Wales.
Nyngan, New South Wales 
 It exists because of the people who work on the farms and in a copper mine, 50 kilometres to the west.
Nyngan, New South Wales 
 It remains also well known as one of the last depots of Cobb and Co, the famous inland transporter of the 19th century (1801 to 1900).
Photographic film 
 That treatment makes the pictures visible (you can see them), and the exposed film is no longer sensitive to light.
Photographic film 
 35 millimeter film, the most used size, comes in metal cans or canisters, but there are other camera films that come in paper wrappings or in single sheets.
Photographic film 
 After that, it cannot be used again (if it is accidentally used again, this results in an artifact called a multiple exposure).
Photographic film 
 When not in use, film needs to be covered from light, otherwise it will record any lights that shine on it.
Photographic film 
 If a film with an ISO level of 200 instead of 100 is used, it will only need half as much time to record a picture of the same scene.
Compass 
 A compass is very useful for navigating on oceans and in deserts, or other places where there are few landmarks.
Ferdinand Magellan 
 Since his parents were members of the Portuguese nobility and after their deaths, Magellan became a page for the queen at the age of 10.
Ferdinand Magellan 
 In the royal court where he learned  many important skills, including map making, navigation and astronomy.
Ferdinand Magellan 
 When he worked for Portugal, he went to many parts of the world, such as India, the Spice Islands, East Africa, and Morocco.
Ferdinand Magellan 
 Magellan himself was killed in the Philippines, on 27 April 1521 in Mactan during a battle with the natives after he was accused of stealing.
Henry the Navigator 
 Dom Henry the Navigator (1394–1460) was a prince from Portugal, the third son of King John I of Portugal.
Henry the Navigator 
 He also opened a navigation school in Portugal, so the technology of tools and ships could be made better.
Henry the Navigator 
 His explorers discovered the first shipping routes directly from Europe to Asia for the Portuguese monarchy.
Concrete 
 It is a composite made of Portland cement, sand, gravel or aggregate, and water in varying proportions depending on the task.
Concrete 
 As of 2006, about 7.5 billion cubic meters of concrete are made each year—more than one cubic meter for every person on Earth.
Concrete 
 The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a strong stone-like material.
Concrete 
 Concrete is used to make pavements, pipe, architectural structures, foundations, motorways, bridges, multi-story parking, walls, footings for gates, fences and poles and even boats.
Concrete 
 Its biggest advantage is that it bonds together bricks and stones better than any other method known to mankind.
Concrete 
 Reinforced concrete buildings can be made to link all the parts together, the foundations, walls, floors and roofs, but concrete construction does not make buildings earthquake-proof.
Concrete 
 There are many additives to make concrete set faster, set slower, set stronger, reduce corrosion and so on.
Concrete 
 The Romans also knew that adding horse hair made concrete less liable to crack as it set, and that adding blood made it more frost-resistant.
Concrete 
 In 1824, English inventor Joseph Aspdin invented Portland cement, which has remained the main cement used in concrete production.
Concrete 
 The burning process changed the chemical properties of the materials and Aspdin created a stronger cement than plain crushed limestone alone could produce.
Concrete 
 The 19th century saw the invention of reinforced concrete by French gardener Joseph Monier in 1849 (patented in 1867).
Concrete 
 Superplasticizers' are chemicals which improve workability, which means the ability to shape the concrete before it has set.
Marathon 
 A marathon is a long-distance running sport event where an athlete must run 42.195 kilometres (26 miles and 385 yards).
Marathon 
 The famous battle of Marathon was fought in 490 B.C. An army from Persia came to fight the army of Athens.
Marathon 
 After the victory, they sent their best runner, a man named Pheidippides back to Athens to tell everyone the good news.
Holy Roman Empire 
 The Holy Roman Empire (; ), occasionally but unofficially referred to as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, was a group of regions and free cities in central Europe under the rule of an emperor who was elected by the princes and magistrates of the regions and cities within the empire.
Holy Roman Empire 
 When Charlemagne died, his Frankish Empire was given to his children and divided into three different countries: West Francia, Lotharingia and East Francia.
Holy Roman Empire 
 The Holy Empire started when Otto I of East Francia became emperor in 962, and it was ended by Napoleon in 1806.
Holy Roman Empire 
 The emperors claimed to be heirs of Charlemagne and that the Empire dates from 800, when Charlemagne became Frankish Emperor.
Holy Roman Empire 
 It is known in popular culture that Voltaire, a French philosopher in the 18th century, once said that "the nation was neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire."
Holy Roman Empire 
 to criticize the very decentralized state of the empire during the 1700's and its claim as the successor to the Roman Empire.
Holy Roman Empire 
 The Empire was in fact Germanic and not Roman since it was mainly in the regions of present-day Germany and Austria.
Holy Roman Empire 
 Napoleon forced the emperor to abdicate when France began invading the Holy Roman Empire during the First French Empire.
Holy Roman Empire 
 Instead, it was divided into dozens – eventually hundreds – of individual entities governed by kings, dukes, counts, bishops, abbots, and other rulers.