the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
1292 
 November 17 – (Julian calendar) John Balliol is selected as King of Scotland from among 13 candidates by King Edward I of England; Edward then treats John as a puppet ruler and Scotland as a vassal state, eventually leading to the Wars of Scottish Independence beginning from 1296.
1203 
 April 16 – Philip II of France enters Rouen, leading to the eventual unification of Normandy and France.
1203 
 April 8 – Congress in Bilino Polje, where Ban Kulin officially declared his allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church and denounced the heresy.
1203 
 July 17 – Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault; the Byzantine emperor Alexius III flees from his capital into exile.
1203 
 August 1 – Fourth Crusade elevates Alexius IV as Byzantine emperor, after the citizens of Constantinople proclaim as emperor Isaac II Angelus (Alexius IV's father).
1203 
 William de Braose, Fourth Lord of Bramber becomes the guardian of Arthur I, Duke of Brittany, and is possibly responsible for his death.
1208 
 June 21 – Philip of Swabia King of Germany and rival Holy Roman Emperor to Otto IV, assassinated in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage.
1208 
 With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia and Estonian ancient fight for independence began (lasted until 1227).
1211 
 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town of Pskov.
1211 
 Mongol forces under Genghis Khan invade Jin China, aiming at this stage simply to loot the countryside.
1211 
 A Chinese army is defeated and slaughtered at the Battle of the Badger's Mouth near Zhangjiakou and another is beaten at Mukden, where the city is taken.
1211 
 Church at the French city of Reims burns down; soon after, construction begins on the cathedral, Notre Dame de Reims.
1213 
 May 30 – Battle of Damme; English fleet under William Longsword destroyes a French fleet off the Belgian port in the first major victory for the fledgling Royal Navy.
1213 
 September 12 – Battle of Muret; The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon defeated by the Albigensian Crusade under Simon de Montfort
1213 
 Jin China is overrun by Mongols under Genghis Khan, who plunder the countryside and cities, until only Beijing remained free, despite two bloody palace coups and a lengthy siege.
19 
 Julius Caesar Germanicus (33), Roman commandant of the Rhine legions and the best loved of Roman princes, died of poisoning.
19 
 Agrippina the Elder accuses Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, governor of Syria, of assassinating her husband Germanicus in Antioch.
20 
 At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcus Valerius Messalla Barbatus and Cotta.
21 
 Arminius, Germanic leader who slaughtered three Roman legions at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.
36 
 L. Vitellius defeated Artabanus of Parthia in support of another clamaint to the throne, Tiridates III.
38 
 Anti-Jewish riot starts in Alexandria during a visit by Agrippa I. The mob wants to place statues of Caligula in every synagogue.
Bonar Law 
 Andrew Bonar Law (16 September 1858 – 30 October 1923), commonly called Bonar Law (), served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Bonar Law 
 He was Lloyd George's Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons while Lloyd George served as Prime Minister during World War I.
39 
 Tigellinus, minister and favorite of the later Roman emperor Nero, is banished for adultery with Caligula's sisters.
Pulmonary artery 
 The blood from throughout the body is taken into the heart by the right atrium into the right ventricle.
Pulmonary artery 
 The oxygenated blood is taken through the pulmonary vein back into the heart through the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Pulmonary artery 
 truncus pulmonaris), extending from the right ventricle; it is located in front and to the left of all the vessels that flow in and out of the heart, and brings venous blood to the lungs (the only one of the human arteries, except for the umbilical arteries of the fetus).
Pulmonary artery 
 The initial lobe of the pulmonary artery goes up and back and somewhat covers the beginning of the aorta.
Pulmonary artery 
 Next, lying to the left of the ascending aorta and in front of the left atrium, the pulmonary artery lies at the level of the IV thoracic vertebra under the concavity of the aortic arch.
Pulmonary artery 
 Between the initial lobe of the left branch of the pulmonary artery and the concavity of the aortic arch is the connecting tissue cord - the arterial ligament (Latin ligamentum arteriosum).
Pulmonary artery 
 This is the remnant of the Botal duct (Latin ductus arteriosus (Botalli)), through which the fetus and blood entering the right ventricle are redirected from the pulmonary artery to the aorta: a small circle in the fetal stage of development does not function.
Artery 
 The only arteries that do not carry oxygen-rich blood are the pulmonary artery, and (in a fetus) the umbilical artery.
Artery 
 The middle layer is made of muscle, so the artery can get wider or get smaller when the body needs it to.
Artery 
 Once the walls have completely stretched out, the muscles in the arteries make them shrink back to their normal size.
Artery 
 It starts in the left ventricle of the heart, which is full of blood that just picked up oxygen in the lungs.
Artery 
 Along the way, smaller arteries split off the aorta, like branches on a tree, to bring blood to different parts of the body.
Artery 
 After picking up more oxygen, the blood travels back to the left side of the heart and is pumped out to the body by the aorta.
Artery 
 Unlike the veins, the arteries are always stretching and then squeezing to push blood through them to the body.
Artery 
 Because of this, an arterial bleed - bleeding from an artery - can be a medical emergency, especially if the artery is big.
Artery 
 When a person has arteriosclerosis, the walls of their arteries get harder, stiffer, and less stretchy.
Artery 
 This makes it more difficult for blood and oxygen to get through the arteries to the body's important organs.
Artery 
 Atherosclerosis is a disease where the arteries get narrower because they are clogged up with things like cholesterol and fat.
Artery 
 Like a clog in sink pipes makes it harder for water to get through the pipes, clogs in arteries make it more difficult for blood to get through.
Artery 
 The part of the body that the artery is supposed to feed will not get the blood and oxygen it needs.
Warwickshire 
 The shape of the administrative area Warwickshire differs considerably from that of the historic county.
Warwickshire 
 Warwickshire is perhaps best known for being the birthplace of William Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon.
Warwickshire 
 The county has also produced other literary figures such as George Eliot (from near Nuneaton), Rupert Brooke (from Rugby), and Michael Drayton from Hartshill.
Warwickshire 
 Warwickshire is bounded to the northwest by the West Midlands metropolitan county, and Staffordshire, by Leicestershire to the northeast, Northamptonshire to the east, Worcestershire to the west, Oxfordshire to the south, Gloucestershire to the southwest.
Warwickshire 
 The market towns of northern and eastern Warwickshire were industrialised in the 19th century, and include Atherstone, Bedworth, Nuneaton, and Rugby.
Warwickshire 
 Major industries included coal mining, textiles, engineering, and cement production, but heavy industry is in decline.
Warwickshire 
 Of the northern and eastern towns, only Nuneaton and Rugby (as the birthplace of Rugby football) are well-known outside of Warwickshire.
Warwickshire 
 The rich towns of central and western Warwickshire include Leamington Spa, Stratford-upon-Avon, Kenilworth, Alcester, and Warwick.
Warwickshire 
 The south of the county is largely rural and has little population, and includes a small area of the Cotswolds.
Warwickshire 
 The highest point in the county, at 261 m (856 ft), is Ebrington Hill on the border with Gloucestershire, GR SP187426 at its southwest extremity.
Warwickshire 
 There are no cities in Warwickshire since both Coventry and Birmingham were incorporated into the West Midlands county in 1974.
Warwickshire 
 Stratford, Warwick, and Kenilworth all house populations with more than 20,000 inhabitants, the smaller towns of Atherstone, Alcester, Coleshill, Southam, Bulkington, Polesworth, Kingsbury, Henley-in-Arden, Studley, Shipston and Whitnash have populations between 5,000 and 12,000.
Warwickshire 
 Historically much of western Warwickshire, was covered by the ancient Forest of Arden (although most of this was cut down to provide fuel for industrialisation in the 17th to 19th centuries).
Warwickshire 
 For this reason, the names of a number of places in the northwestern part of Warwickshire end with the phrase "-in-Arden".
Warwickshire 
 These became part of the West Midlands metropolitan county following local government re-organisation in 1974.
Warwickshire 
 Since 1986 Birmingham, Coventry, and Solihull have been effective unitary authorities, but they still remain legally part of the West Midlands.
Warwickshire 
 Some organisations, such as Warwickshire County Cricket Club, which is based in Edgbaston, in Birmingham, still observe the historic county boundaries.
Warwickshire 
 Coventry is effectively in the centre of the Warwickshire area, and still has strong ties with the county.
Warwickshire 
 Coventry and Warwickshire are sometimes treated as a single area and share a single NHS trust and ambulance service as well as other institutions.
Warwickshire 
 The town of Tamworth was historically divided between Warwickshire and Staffordshire, but since 1888 has been fully in Staffordshire.
Warwickshire 
 In 1931, Warwickshire got the town of Shipston-on-Stour from Worcestershire and several villages, including Long Marston and Welford-on-Avon, from Gloucestershire.
Warwickshire 
 This is a list of the main settlements in Warwickshire, including towns, or villages with a population of over 5,000.
Doppler effect 
 It is caused by the change in distance between the thing creating the wave (causer) and whatever is measuring seeing or hearing the wave (watcher or observer).
Doppler effect 
 If observer and creator of the wave get closer, the frequency is higher and the wavelength is shorter.
Doppler effect 
 If the distance between the observer and creator gets longer, the frequency is lower and the wavelength is longer.
Doppler effect 
 For light, this causes a shift towards the red end of the spectrum called a red shift, the faster something is moving away, the greater the red shift.
Doppler effect 
 An extreme example of the doppler effect is an aeroplane flying at a faster speed than the speed of sound and how the wall of sound is heard on the ground.
Vättern 
 The lake water does not need to have many things done to it before it is used in nearby cities and towns.
Vättern 
 Tourist sport fishermen and people on vacation are allowed to fish in the lake as long as they do not use nets.
Summer of Love 
 The Summer of Love is the name for the summer of 1967 in the United States, especially in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, California.
Summer of Love 
 Thousands of young people from all over the world went to San Francisco to help create a hippie counterculture.
Summer of Love 
 The Human Be-In is often called the start of the Summer of Love, although it happened in January of that year.
Summer of Love 
 During the Summer of Love, as many as 100,000 young people from around the world travelled to San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury district, Berkeley, California, and other cities in the San Francisco area.
Summer of Love 
 When these new Flower Children returned home at the end of summer, they brought their new clothing, ideas and behaviors to most major cities in the U.S., Canada, Britain, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
Cataphile 
 A cataphile, also known as an urban explorer or "kata", is a person who illegally explores the catacombs underneath Paris, France.
Staffordshire 
 It is next to the counties of Cheshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire and Shropshire.
Upper Cretaceous 
 The Cretaceous is traditionally divided into Lower Cretaceous (early), and Upper Cretaceous (late), because of the different rocks.
Upper Cretaceous 
 From lowest to highest, it is subdivided into the Cenomanian, Turonian, Coniacian, Santonian, Campanian, and Maastrichtian ages.
Upper Cretaceous 
 They are so small they can only just be seen with a light microscope; details require an electron microscope.
Upper Cretaceous 
 The plates are formed by single-celled planktonic algae called coccolithophores, and were laid down in the off-shore seas.
Upper Cretaceous 
 The end of the Cretaceous period is marked by the huge extinction event which marked the end of the dinosaurs.
Upper Cretaceous 
 There was an earlier extinction event in the Upper Cretaceous at the CenomanianTuronian boundary, about 95 to 90 million years ago.
Upper Cretaceous 
 The event brought about the extinction of the pliosaurs, and most ichthyosaurs, and most lines of pterosaurs.
Upper Cretaceous 
 Although the cause is uncertain, the result starved the Earth's oceans of oxygen for nearly half a million years.
Upper Cretaceous 
 This caused the extinction of about 27 percent of marine invertebrates, including certain planktonic and benthic foraminifera, mollusks, bivalves, dinoflagellates and calcareous nannofossils.
Upper Cretaceous 
 This means the seas were no longer so favourable for life at that time, and many species went extinct.
Thai language 
 In fact, some dialects of Thai and Lao are mutually intelligible, meaning that speakers of one language can talk with and understand speakers of the other language without knowing the other's language.
New England Patriots 
 The Patriots play in Gillette Stadium on Foxborough, midway between Boston, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island.
New England Patriots 
 In the 2007 season, the Patriots have won all 16 games and became the first team with 16 wins and no losses.
New England Patriots 
 They lost to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLVI on February 5, 2012 in a rematch of Super Bowl XLII which their perfect season got spoiled.
New England Patriots 
 The Patriots also won Super Bowl XLIX against the Seattle Seahawks when Russell Wilson threw an interception on the final play.
Aspidogastrea 
 They are parasites of freshwater and marine molluscs and vertebrates (cartilaginous and bony fishes and turtles).
Aspidogastrea 
 None of the species has any economic importance, but the group is of very great interest to biologists because it has several characters which appear to be basal.
Theropod 
 Although they were primarily carnivorous, a number of theropod groups evolved herbivory, omnivory and insectivory.
Theropod 
 Today, they are represented by 10,000 living species of birds, which evolved in the Upper Jurassic from small feathered coelurosaurian theropods.
Theropod 
 Among the features linking theropods to birds are bipedalism, the three-toed foot, a furcula (wishbone), air-filled bones, feathers and brooding of the eggs.
Theropod 
 They were the sole large terrestrial carnivores from the Lower Jurassic until the close of the Cretaceous, about 66 million years ago.
Iwasawa theory 
 In number theory, Iwasawa theory is a Galois module theory of ideal class groups, started by Kenkichi Iwasawa, in the 1950s, as part of the theory of cyclotomic fields.
Iwasawa theory 
 In the early 1970s, Barry Mazur thought about generalizations of Iwasawa theory to Abelian Varieties.
Iwasawa theory 
 The first thing Iwasawa noticed was that there are towers of fields in algebraic number theory, having Galois group isomorphic with the additive group of p-adic integers.
Iwasawa theory 
 That group, usually written Γ in the theory and with multiplicative notation, can be found as a subgroup of Galois groups of infinite field extensions (which are by their nature pro-finite groups).
Iwasawa theory 
 We can express this by Pontryagin duality in another way: Γ is dual to the discrete group of all -power roots of unity in the complex numbers.
Iwasawa theory 
 In order to get an interesting Galois module here, Iwasawa took the ideal class group of , and let  be its -torsion part.
Iwasawa theory 
 Letting  be the inverse limit, we can say that  acts on , and it is good to have a description of this action.
Iwasawa theory 
 The motivation here was undoubtedly that the -torsion in the ideal class group of   had already been identified by Kummer as the main obstacle to the direct proof of Fermat's last theorem.
Iwasawa theory 
 This is a well-behaved ring (regular and two-dimensional), meaning that it is quite possible to classify modules over it, in a way that is not too coarse.
Iwasawa theory 
 A basic connection was noticed between the module theory, and the p-adic L-functions that were defined in the 1960s by Kubota and Leopoldt.
Iwasawa theory 
 The latter begin from the Bernoulli numbers, and use interpolation to define p-adic analogues of the Dirichlet L-functions.
Iwasawa theory 
 It became clear that the theory might be able to move ahead finally from Kummer's century-old results on regular primes.
Iwasawa theory 
 The main conjecture of Iwasawa theory was formulated as an assertion that two ways of defining p-adic L-functions (by module theory, by interpolation) should coincide, as far as that was well-defined.
Iwasawa theory 
 This was eventually proved by Barry Mazur and Andrew Wiles for Q, and for all totally real number fields by Andrew Wiles.
Iwasawa theory 
 These proofs were modeled upon Ken Ribet's proof of the converse to Herbrand's theorem (so-called Herbrand-Ribet theorem).
Iwasawa theory 
 More recently, also modeled upon Ribet's method, Chris Skinner and Eric Urban have announced a proof of a main conjecture for GL(2).
Iwasawa theory 
 An easier proof of the Mazur-Wiles theorem can be found by using Euler systems as developed by Kolyvagin (see Washington's book).
Iwasawa theory 
 Other generalizations of the main conjecture proved using the Euler system method have been found by Karl Rubin, amongst others.
Ring (mathematics) 
 In mathematics, a ring is an algebraic structure consisting of a set together with two operations: addition (+) and multiplication (•).
Ring (mathematics) 
 Mathematicians use the word "ring" this way because a mathematician named David Hilbert used the German word Zahlring to describe something he was writing about.
Ring (mathematics) 
 The integers, the rational numbers, the real numbers and the complex numbers are all famous examples of rings.
Ring (mathematics) 
 If an operation is used on any elements in the ring, the element that is formed will also be part of the ring.
Ring (mathematics) 
 If addition is used with the identity element and another element, the other element will not change.
Ring (mathematics) 
 There exists an element 0 in R, such that for all elements a in R, the equation 0 + a = a + 0 = a holds.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Associativity of Addition: When addition is done many times, it does not matter how it is grouped, the result will be the same.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Commutativity of Addition: When addition is done, it does not matter which element is on the right and left, the result will be the same.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Additive Inverse element: Every element in the ring has another element in the group when addition is performed between them, the result is the additive identity element.
Ring (mathematics) 
 For each a in R, there exists an element -a in R such that a + (-a) = 0, where 0 is the additive identity element.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Associativity of multiplication: When multiplication is done many times, it does not matter how it is grouped, the result will be the same.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Commutative Ring: If x • y = y • x holds for every x and y in the ring, then the ring is called a commutative ring.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Ring with Unity: If there is a multiplicative identity element, that is an element e such that for all elements a in R, the equation e • a = a • e = a holds, then the ring is called a ring with unity.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Division Ring: If every element of the ring has a multiplicative inverse, that is for each a in R, there exists an element a-1 in R such that a • a-1 = 1, where 1 is the multiplicative identity element, then the ring is called a division ring.
Ring (mathematics) 
 Integral Domain: In a ring, it may be possible to multiply two things which are not zero and get zero as a result.
1294 
 December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V as the 193rd pope after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.
1294 
 John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, and instead informs the French of Edward's plans and negotiates the Auld Alliance with France and Norway.
1294 
 The Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier in King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.
1294 
 Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs the Florentine cathedral Santa Maria del Fiore, better known smply as Il Duomo.
1294 
 England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.
1294 
 The death of Kublai Khan allows the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate, the Golden Horde, the Ilkhanate, and the Yuan Dynasty of China) to formally become independent; they each had already been moving toward independence during Kublai's reign.
988 
 Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev marries Anna, sister of Byzantine emperor Basil II and converts to Christianity.
988 
 Liao Dynasty adopts civil service examinations in the Southern Chancellery based on Tang Dynasty models.
986 
 Song Dynasty sends armies on three fronts against the Liao Dynasty in the Sixteen Prefectures but are defeated on all fronts.
Pablo Neruda 
 Neruda was born in the City of Parral in Chile on July 12, 1904 born under the name Ricardo Neftali Reyes.
Pablo Neruda 
 Neruda’s mother died shortly after he was born, but the child, Neruda came to love his stepmother (Dona Trinidad Candia Malverde) as if she had been his real mother.
Pablo Neruda 
 Neruda started to write poetry as a young boy against the wishes of his father who wanted him to focus on mathematics - so he could become a teacher.
Pablo Neruda 
 In his youth he became a great admirer of the poetry of Jan Neruda and Paul Verlaine and chose the pen name of Pablo Neruda after Paul Verlaine (Pablo is the Spanish version of Paul) and Jan Neruda.
Pablo Neruda 
 Neruda was mainly interested in literature and writing poems, which he would mail out to magazines; to prevent his parents from discovering that he was doing this he changed his name to Pablo Neruda.
Pablo Neruda 
 In 1920 Neruda moved to Santiago to study French at the University of Chile, which he did to please his parents who wanted him to become a teacher.
Pablo Neruda 
 Soon Neruda became deeply involved in his poetry and in 1923 he published his first book: Crepusculario(Twilight Book).
Pablo Neruda 
 After a number of years Neruda became a very famous person in his country and the world and was assigned diplomatic posts in various countries for long periods of time, such as Indonesia, Spain and France.
Pablo Neruda 
 Neruda was suffering from cancer when he died of heart failure in hospital at the age of 69 on September 23, 1973 about a fortnight after the overthrow of Salvador Allende by military forces led by Pinochet.
Pablo Neruda 
 Many people today believe Neruda may have been poisoned by Pinochet's secret police, DINA, who feared Neruda's prominence and influence in creating an opposition to the military dictatorship.