the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Politics of Germany 
 When there is a coalition government (which has, so far, always been the case, except for the period of 1957 to 1961), the Vice-Chancellor usually belongs to the smaller party of the coalition.
Politics of Germany 
 To help carry out these ideas the Chancellor can change the make-up of the federal ministries whenever they want.
Politics of Germany 
 For example, in the middle of January 2001, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture was renamed to Ministry of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture.
Politics of Germany 
 At the same time some of the jobs (competencies) of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Economy, and the Ministry of Health were moved to the new Ministry of Consumer Protection.
Politics of Germany 
 The duties of the Bundespräsident (Federal President) are mostly representative and ceremonial; The power of the executive is exercised by the Chancellor.
Politics of Germany 
 Its members are the entire Bundestag and an equal number of state delegates selected especially for this purpose in proportion to election results for the state parliaments.
Politics of Germany 
 The reason that the President is not directly elected by the people is to stop him from claiming to be more powerful than the government and the constitution, which happened in the Weimar Republic.
Politics of Germany 
 1) Although Mr. Steinmeier has been a member of the SPD, the German Basic Law requests in Article 55 that the Federal President does not hold another office, practice a profession or hold membership of any corporation.
Politics of Germany 
 Federal President has let his party membership rest dormant and does not belong to a political party during his term of office.
Politics of Germany 
 Half of the members (299) are elected in single-seat constituencies according to first-past-the-post.
Politics of Germany 
 The total percentage of constituency members and regional list members a party has should equal the percentage of votes that a party gets.
Politics of Germany 
 Because Voters vote once for a constituency representative, and a second time for a party Germany is said to have mixed-member proportional representation.
Politics of Germany 
 Sometimes a party already has more constituency seats in a land (state) than it should have to keep the percentage of votes and seats equal.
Politics of Germany 
 A party must get 5% of the national vote or win at least three constituency seats to be represented in the Bundestag.
Politics of Germany 
 This rule is often called the "five percent hurdle", was made to stop lots of small parties from being in the Bundestag.
Politics of Germany 
 The first Bundestag elections were held in the Federal Republic of Germany ("West Germany") on August 14, 1949.
Politics of Germany 
 Following reunification, elections for the first all-German Bundestag were held on December 2, 1990.
Politics of Germany 
 The Bundesrat (Federal Council) is the representation of the state governments at the federal level.
Politics of Germany 
 The legislature has powers of exclusive jurisdiction (it can make laws by itself) and concurrent jurisdiction with the Länder (the länder can also make laws).
Politics of Germany 
 The Bundesrat must concur (agree) to laws about money shared by the federal and state governments and those making more work for the states.
Politics of Germany 
 Often this means that the Bundesrat often needs to agree to a law because federal laws are often carried out by state or local agencies.
Politics of Germany 
 Since the political make-up of the Bundesrat is often different from that of the Bundestag, the Bundesrat is often the place for opposition parties to put their point of view, rather than for the states to look after their interests, as the constitution intended.
Politics of Germany 
 To limit, members of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat form a Vermittlungsauschuss which is a joint committee to try to reach an agreement when the two chambers can not agree on a certain piece of legislation.
Politics of Germany 
 Germany has had a court system that was free of government control for longer than it has had democracy.
Politics of Germany 
 This means that the courts have traditionally been strong, and almost all state actions are subject to judicial review (being looked at by the court).
Politics of Germany 
 These generally have a state court and state appeals court before coming to the federal supreme court for that area of law.
Politics of Germany 
 The Grundgesetz says that every person may complain to the Federal Constitutional Court when his or her constitutional rights, especially human rights, have been violated by the government or one of its agencies and after he or she has gone through the ordinary court system.
Politics of Germany 
 The Bundesverfassungsgericht hears complaints about laws passed by the legislative branch, court decisions, or acts of the administration.
Politics of Germany 
 Usually, only a small percentage of these constitutional complaints, called (Verfassungsbeschwerden) are successful.
Politics of Germany 
 The judges even say that they do not care about the reactions of the government, the Bundestag, or public opinion or about the cost of one of the court's decisions.
Politics of Germany 
 The Bundesverfassungsgericht is very high popular with ordinary people because it protects them from government wrongdoing.
Politics of Germany 
 Only the Constitutional Court can handle some types of cases, including arguments between government bodies about their constitutional powers.
Politics of Germany 
 However so far the Constitutional court has only used this power twice, outlawing the KPD (Communist Party of Germany) and the SRP (Socialist Reich Party, a successor to the NSDAP) because both parties ideas went against the constitution.
Politics of Germany 
 In the 1998 election the SPD said they wanted to reduce high unemployment rates and said new people were needed in government after 16 years of Helmut Kohl's government.
Politics of Germany 
 Gerhard Schröder said he was a centrist "Third Way" candidate like Britain's Tony Blair and America's Bill Clinton.
Politics of Germany 
 The CDU/CSU said people should look at how well off they were because of Kohl's government, and that the CDU/CSU had experience in foreign policy.
Politics of Germany 
 But the Kohl government was hurt at the polls by slower growth in the east in the previous two years, which meant the gap between east and west widened as the west got richer and the east did not.
Politics of Germany 
 The final seat count was enough to allow a "red-green" coalition of the SPD with Alliance '90/The Greens (Bündnis '90/Die Grünen), bringing the Greens into a national government for the first time.
Politics of Germany 
 The first months of the new government had policy disputes between the moderate and traditional left wings of the SPD, and some voters got fed up.
Politics of Germany 
 The result was seen in part as a referendum on the federal government's ideas for a new citizenship law, which would have made it easier for long-time foreign residents to become German citizens, and also to keep their original citizenship as well.
Politics of Germany 
 In March 1999, SPD chairman and Minister of Finance Oskar Lafontaine, who represented a more traditional social democratic position, resigned from all offices after losing a party-internal power struggle against Schröder.
Politics of Germany 
 In state elections in 2000 and 2001, the respective SPD- or CDU-led coalition governments were re-elected into power.
Politics of Germany 
 Gerhard Schröder led the coalition of SPD and Greens to an 11-seat victory over the CDU/CSU headed by Edmund Stoiber (CSU).
Politics of Germany 
 Two factors are generally cited that enabled Schröder to win the elections despite poor approval ratings a few months before: good handling of the 2002 European floods and firm opposition to the USA's 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Politics of Germany 
 In February 2003, elections took place in the states of Hesse and Lower Saxony, was won by the conservatives.
Politics of Germany 
 In Hesse, the CDU minister president Roland Koch was re-elected, with his party CDU gaining enough seats to govern without the former coalition partner FDP.
Politics of Germany 
 In Lower Saxony, the former SPD minister president Sigmar Gabriel lost the elections, leading to a CDU/FDP-government headed by new minister president Christian Wulff (CDU).
Politics of Germany 
 The latest election in the state of Bavaria led to a landslide victory of the conservatives, gaining not just the majority (as usual), but two thirds of parliamentary seats.
Politics of Germany 
 This included a shakeup of the system of German job offices (Arbeitsamt), cuts in unemployment benefits and subsidies for unemployed persons who start their own businesses.
Politics of Germany 
 These changes are commonly known by the name of the chairman of the commission which conceived them as Hartz I - Hartz IV.
Politics of Germany 
 Although these reforms have sparked massive protests they are now credited with being in part responsible for the economic upswing and the fall of unemployment figures in Germany in the years 2006/7.
Politics of Germany 
 The European elections on June 13, 2004, brought a staggering defeat for the Social Democrats, who polled only slightly more than 21%, the lowest election result for the SPD in a nationwide election since the Second World War.
Politics of Germany 
 Liberals, Greens, conservatives, and the far left were the winners of the European election in Germany, because voters were disillusioned by high unemployment and cuts in social security, while the governing SPD party seems to be concerned with quarrels between its members and gave no clear direction.
Politics of Germany 
 Many observers believe that this election marked the beginning of the end of the Schröder government.
Politics of Germany 
 In the Saarland, the governing CDU was able to remain in power and gained one additional seat in the parliament and the SPD lost seven seats, while the Liberals and Greens re-entered the state parliament.
Politics of Germany 
 The far-right National Democratic Party, which had never got more than 1 or 2% of the vote, received about 4%, although it failed to earn a seat in the state parliament (a party must obtain at least 5% of the vote to achieve state parliamentary representation).
Politics of Germany 
 Two weeks later, elections were held in the eastern states of Brandenburg and Saxony: once again, overall, the ruling parties lost votes and although they remained in power, the right to far-right parties made the big leaps.
Politics of Germany 
 In Brandenburg, the Deutsche Volksunion (DVU) re-entered the state parliament after winning 6.1% of the vote.
Politics of Germany 
 In Saxony, the NPD entered a non-competition agreement with the DVU and obtained 9.2% of the vote, thus winning seats in the state parliament.
Politics of Germany 
 Due to their losses at the ballots, the ruling CDU of Saxony was forced to form a coalition with the SPD.
Politics of Germany 
 Half an hour after the election results, the SPD chairman Franz Müntefering announced that the chancellor would clear the way for premature federal elections by deliberately losing a vote of confidence.
Politics of Germany 
 On the following Monday, the CDU announced Angela Merkel as a conservative candidate for chancellorship.
Politics of Germany 
 Whereas in May and June 2005 victory of the conservatives seemed highly likely, with some polls giving them an absolute majority, this changed shortly before the election on September 18, 2005, especially after the conservatives introduced Paul Kirchhof as potential minister of the treasury, and after a TV duel between Merkel and Schröder where many considered Schröder to have performed better.
Politics of Germany 
 New for the 2005 election was the alliance between the newly formed Electoral Alternative for Labour and Social Justice (WASG) and the PDS, planning to join into a common party (see Left Party.
Politics of Germany 
 With the former SPD chairman Oskar Lafontaine for the WASG and Gregor Gysi for the PDS as prominent figures, this alliance soon found interest in the media and in the population.
Politics of Germany 
 After success in the state election for Saxony, the alliance between the far right parties National Democratic Party and Deutsche Volksunion (DVU), which planned to leapfrog the "five-percent hurdle" on a common party ticket was another media issue.
Politics of Germany 
 The conservatives lost votes compared to 2002, reaching only 35%, and failed to get a majority for a "black-yellow" government of CDU/CSU and liberal FDP.
Politics of Germany 
 But the red-green coalition also failed to get a majority, with the SPD losing votes, but polling 34% and the greens staying at 8%.
Politics of Germany 
 The left party alliance reached 8.7% and entered the German Parliament, whereas the NPD only got 1.6%.
Politics of Germany 
 The most likely outcome of coalition talks was a so-called "grand coalition" between the conservatives (CDU/CSU) and the social democrats (SPD), with the three smaller parties (liberals, greens, and the left) in the opposition.
Politics of Germany 
 Other possible coalitions include a "traffic light coalition" between SPD, FDP, and Greens and a "Jamaica coalition" between CDU/CSU, FDP, and Greens.
Politics of Germany 
 Coalitions involving the Left Party were ruled out by all parties (including the Left Party itself), although the combination of one of the major parties and any two small parties would mathematically have a majority.
Politics of Germany 
 Both Gerhard Schröder and Angela Merkel announced that they had won the election and should become the next chancellor.
Politics of Germany 
 On October 10, talks were held between Franz Müntefering, the SPD chairman, Gerhard Schröder, Angela Merkel, and Edmund Stoiber, the CSU chairman.
Politics of Germany 
 In the afternoon it was announced that the CDU/CSU and SPD would begin formal coalition negotiations with the aim of a Grand Coalition with Angela Merkel as the next German chancellor.
Politics of Germany 
 Angela Merkel is the first woman, the first East German and the first scientist to be chancellor as well as the youngest German chancellor ever.
Politics of Germany 
 On November 22, 2005, Angela Merkel was sworn in by president Horst Köhler for the office of Bundeskanzlerin.
Musical notation 
 Today most musicians in the Western world write musical notes on a stave: five parallel lines with four spaces in between them.
Musical notation 
 Writing music down makes it possible for a composer who makes up (composes) a piece of music to let other people know how the music is supposed to sound.
Musical notation 
 If music is not written down, then people can only learn other people’s music by listening to it and trying to copy it.
Musical notation 
 Music from Nippur from about 2000 B.C. has been found which seems to give an approximate idea of how the music should be played.
Musical notation 
 They may have been used by people who knew the music already and just needed a reminder of when to go up and down.
Musical notation 
 People gradually realized that it was necessary to find a system which showed the exact pitch of the note.
Musical notation 
 Guido d’Arezzo, an Italian Benedictine monk who lived in the 11th century developed this system which soon led to the way of writing music that we know.
Musical notation 
 Gradually the system we know today was developed in which each bar lasted the same length of time, and has a particular number of beats (counts) for each bar.
Musical notation 
 Notes which are very high or low can be put on extra lines called ledger lines above or below the stave.
Musical notation 
 After the clef there is usually a key signature which shows the key of the piece: it shows which sharps or flats are to be used regularly.
Musical notation 
 Bars (measures) divide the piece into regular groupings of beats, and the time signatures show these groupings.
Musical notation 
 Above the music there is usually a word, or words, to show the tempo (speed) At various places in the music there will be dynamic marks to show how loud or soft to play.
Musical notation 
 When music is played by a large group of instruments such as an orchestra the music is written in a "score".
Musical notation 
 This shows the music played by all the instruments, so there are many staves written underneath one another.
Musical notation 
 The conductor will need to have a score, but the players will play from a “part” which has just the notes that they play.
Musical notation 
 Instruments such as guitars often play from a chord chart or just the names of the chords (C7, Em etc.)
Musical notation 
 Some modern composers such as John Cage have written music by making drawings called graphic notation.
Musicology 
 They study the history of music and learn about all the composers and how they developed their ideas and learned from one another.
Musicology 
 They can do this by studying music scores, or by looking for historical documents which tell us about musicians from the past.
Armenian-Tatar massacres 1905-1907 
 The Armenian-Tatar massacres (also known as the Armenian Tatar War and the Armeno-Tatar War) refers to the ethnic fight between the Armenians and the Caucasian Tartars (modern Azeris) in the Caucasus in 1905—1907.
Armenian-Tatar massacres 1905-1907 
 The most violent fights happened in 1905 in February in Baku, in May in Nakhichevan, in August in Shusha and in November in Ganja.
C-pop 
 Most of today's C-pop artists are from Hong Kong, Taiwan and mainland China, as well as from other countries where Mandarin or Cantonese languages are used, such as Singapore and Malaysia.
C-pop 
 However, Taiwanese music has some origins from the Japanese enka so Taiwanese pop is sometimes said to be a different genre from C-Pop.
C-pop 
 Cantonese pop, or colloquially known as Cantopop, is a subgenre of C-pop, sung in Cantonese language.
C-pop 
 Most Hong Kong-born singers start off as Cantonese pop singers before starting a career as a Mandarin pop singer.
C-pop 
 In the early 1990s, many major Cantonese pop stars (such as Alan Tam, Leslie Cheung, Samuel Hui, Priscilla Chan and Joseph Koo) decided to retire because of the protests in China in 1989.
C-pop 
 Cantonese pop needed new talent to fill the gaps left by these retired stars, this led to the beginning of "the Four Heavenly Kings" or "四大天王" (lit.
C-pop 
 Chinese Music Blog  - Chinese music online community providing Chinese music discussion, album review, lyrics translation and romanization for non-Chinese speakers.
Stefanie Sun 
 After her release of her tenth album, she is said to be the most popular Mandarin female singer in Asia and the most successful singer from Singapore.
Stefanie Sun 
 Stefanie wen to school at Saint Margaret's Secondary School, Raffles Girls' School and went on to attend Saint Andrew's Junior College.
Stefanie Sun 
 She speaks the Teochew dialect, and in Teochew her name is pronounced as "Sng Ee Tze," which is her official name.
Stefanie Sun 
 contains 6 songs in English: Venus, That I Will Be Good, Sometimes Love Just Ain't Enough, Silent All These Years, and Hey Jude; and a song she wrote called Someone.
Stefanie Sun 
 Her next album, which was released in December of the same year was titled My Desired Happiness or 我要的幸福 in Chinese.
Stefanie Sun 
 Her third album was released in early 2001, titled Kite, which sold successfully with 300,000 copies in Taiwan and more than 950,000 in China.
Stefanie Sun 
 sold over 250,000 copies in Taiwan alone in less than a month and overall 1,000,000 copies sold in mainland China.
Stefanie Sun 
 In 2002 and 2003, Stefanie sang the official theme songs for Singapore's National Day Parade: We Will Get There (一起走到 in Chinese) and One United People (全心全意 in Chinese).
Stefanie Sun 
 In early 2003, she released the album To Be Continued… which like her previous releases, was a success.
Stefanie Sun 
 Only a few months later, she released her seventh album with six new songs mixed with fifteen of her old songs.
Stefanie Sun 
 In late 2003, she decided to take a one-year break from making music, because she wanted to find again her direction in her career.
Stefanie Sun 
 She returned in late 2004 with a new album titled Stefanie, which was meant to reflect her debut album (self-titled as well, but in Chinese).
Stefanie Sun 
 Reviews of this new album were mixed, but Stefanie said that all she wanted was to make quality music, instead of releases that sell well but have a lower level of artistic quality.
Stefanie Sun 
 This album was not her highest-selling, but it had still managed to sell over 1,000,000 copies in Asia.
Stefanie Sun 
 However, at The Golden Melody Awards 2006 in Taiwan, while performing songs that were meant to be for male singers, she went off-key, due to having not enough sleep, jet lag, and not having enough time to practice.
Stefanie Sun 
 Though she had been heavily criticized by the media, many think that she did not perform as bad, instead the media had over-emphasized on her singing that night.
Stefanie Sun 
 Her decision to leave Warner after 9 albums was partly due to music executive Sam Chen, who now works at EMI.
Stefanie Sun 
 On 26 February 2007, Stefanie returned from Cairo where she and her team were extorted by suspected local gangsters.
Stefanie Sun 
 Two men disguised as government officials followed her and the crew and asked for money and even showing a handgun.
Mudra 
 In Indian religions, a mudra (Sanskrit, literally "seal") is a gesture made with the hand or fingers.
Mudra 
 An example would be the outward-facing open palm known as Abhay (without fear) mudra, a gesture meant to dispel fear.
Aaron Kwok 
 After graduating from secondary school, Kwok worked at the King Fook Gold and Jewellery Co. Ltd. His father, who owns a gold retail store, wanted him to gain experience in the business and eventually taking over the family business.
Aaron Kwok 
 In 1984, Aaron Kwok joined a dancer training course at HK-TVB, where his talent for dancing was shown.
Aaron Kwok 
 He was transferred to the acting department of the talent training course and became a TV actor, where he played a few roles in Chinese television drama shows.
Aaron Kwok 
 He burst onto the music scene with his now-famous song Loving You Forever (called 對你愛不完 in the Chinese and original release) and the dance moves for the song.
Aaron Kwok 
 In the next few years, his popularity reached fever-pitch and he was soon ranked alongside the most popular artists of the time.
Aaron Kwok 
 Over the years, Kwok has also taken part in other mediums such as CMs and acting, especially with director-cinematographer Andrew Lau.
Aaron Kwok 
 Kwok has also done extensive public service and charity work, which is why he was amongst the winners of the Ten Most Outstanding Young Persons Award 2003.
Aaron Kwok 
 In 2004, a string of concert dates earned Kwok a Hong Kong Dance Award presented by the Hong Kong Dance Alliance.
Aaron Kwok 
 At the Taiwan's forty-second Golden Horse Awards ceremony on 13 November 2005, Kwok won Best Leading Actor award for his role in the movie Divergence.
Aaron Kwok 
 It was Kwok's first Golden Horse nomination and beat veteran Hong Kong star Tony Leung to win the honour.
Aaron Kwok 
 Aaron won the Best Actor Award again at the forty-third Golden Horse Awards on 24 November 2006 for his role in the movie After This Our Exile.
Aaron Kwok 
 He became the second actor in the history of the Golden Horse Awards to win the Best Actor Award year after year.
Styrene 
 Styrene can also bond with other kinds of monomers to make other kinds of polymers called copolymers.
Styrene 
 For one example, styrene has been mixed with another monomer called 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer which is a kind of synthetic rubber.
Styrene 
 For another example, styrene is mixed with acrylonitrile and 1,3-butadiene to make a copolymer plastic called ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene).
Para Para Sakura 
 Para Para Sakura is a 2001 romance-comedy movie directed by Jingle Ma, starring Aaron Kwok and Cecilia Cheung.