the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Aaliyah 
 In 2012 music producer Jeffrey "J-Dub" Walker via twitter said "Just got great news today; the smash unreleased song called "Steady Ground" I produced on #Aaliyah is gonna be on her upcoming album".
Aaliyah 
 Walker co-wrote "I Refuse" and "What if" from Aaliyah's third self-titled album and produced the song "Steady Ground" for her 'One in a Million' album.
Aaliyah 
 This second proposed posthumous album would feature this song using demo vocals since Walker claims the originals were somehow lost by his sound engineer.
Aaliyah 
 However, Walker's original tweet announcing this event has since been removed, and Aaliyah's brother, via Twitter, has stated that "no official album [is] being released and supported by the Haughton family."
Serj Tankian 
 Serj Tankian (born on August 21, 1967 in Beirut, Lebanon) is an Armenian-American musician who lives in Auckland, New Zealand.
Axl Rose 
 He was born William Bruce Bailey in Lafayette, Indiana, and grew up under the name William 'Bill' Bailey.
Axl Rose 
 Everly later said that Rose came to her house the day before their wedding with a gun and told her he would kill himself if she didn't marry him.
Gravitational energy 
 Gravitational energy is the potential energy held by an object because of its high position compared to a lower position.
Gravitational energy 
 For example, a pen being held above a table has a higher gravitational potential than a pen sitting on the table.
Gravitational energy 
 When the object comes back down again, the gravitational potential energy is turned back into kinetic energy (movement).
Gravitational energy 
 That is why riding a bike up a steep hill is very hard, but when you are coming back down, you will not need to pedal at all - you are being powered by the gravitational potential energy that you stored when you rode up the hill.
Gravitational energy 
 Another way gravitational potential energy helps us is by keeping earth and the other planets in orbit in our solar system around the Sun.
Gravitational energy 
 The value of the gravitational potential energy that is calculated using values in the above units is called the Joule (J).
Gravitational energy 
 For example, an object with a mass of 1.5 kilograms that is 2.5 metres above the ground would have a gravitational potential energy value of:
Shining Rock Wilderness 
 Its first  have been part of the National Wilderness Preservation System since the System was created in 1964.
Shining Rock Wilderness 
 Cold Mountain is the namesake of a historical fiction novel set in the time of the American Civil War.
Radioactive decay 
 In the 19th century, Henri Becquerel discovered that some chemical elements have atoms that change over time.
Radioactive decay 
 Carbon-14 acts chemically like other carbon, because the six protons and six electrons are what govern its chemical properties.
Radioactive decay 
 In archeology, this kind of carbon is used to determine the age of wood and other formerly living things.
Radioactive decay 
 The types of decay are different from each other because different types of decay produce different kinds of particles.
Radioactive decay 
 The starting radioactive nucleus is called the parent nucleus and the nucleus that it changes into is called the daughter nucleus.
Radioactive decay 
 One kind of nucleus decays to another kind, which decays again to another and so on until it becomes a stable isotope and the chain comes to an end.
Radioactive decay 
 Radioactive decay is governed by chance: The time it takes, on average for half the atoms of a substance to change is named the half-life.
Radioactive decay 
 Radioactive decay changes an atom from one that has higher energy inside its nucleus into one with lower energy.
Radioactive decay 
 The energy released by radioactive decay may either be carried away by a gamma ray electromagnetic radiation (a type of light), a beta particle or an alpha particle.
Radioactive decay 
 And in all those cases, the total number of positive and negative charges of the atom's protons and electrons sum to zero before and after the change.
Radioactive decay 
 Alpha decay causes the atom to change into another element, because the atom loses two protons (and two electrons).
Radioactive decay 
 For example, if Americium were to go through alpha decay it would change into Neptunium because Neptunium is defined by having two protons fewer than Americium.
Radioactive decay 
 Alpha decay usually happens in the most heavy elements, such as uranium, thorium, plutonium, and radium.
Radioactive decay 
 Alpha radiation cannot hurt humans when the alpha radiation source is outside the human body, because human skin does not let the alpha particles go through.
Radioactive decay 
 Alpha radiation can be very harmful if the source is inside the body, such as when people breathe dust or gas containing materials which decay by emitting alpha particles (radiation).
Radioactive decay 
 In beta-minus decay, the nucleus gives out a negatively charged electron and a neutron changes into a proton:
Radioactive decay 
 In beta-plus decay, the nucleus releases a positron, which is like an electron but it is positively charged, and a proton changes into a neutron:
Radioactive decay 
 Gamma rays can be used to see through material, to kill bacteria in food, to find some types of disease, and to treat some kinds of cancer.
Radioactive decay 
 Gamma rays have the highest energy of any electromagnetic wave, and gamma ray bursts from space are the most energetic releases of energy known.
Nicotine 
 Nicotine is a drug in tobacco cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, vaping liquids and some e-cigarettes.
Nicotine 
 Nicotine is an addictive stimulant that causes the heart to beat faster and makes blood pressure rise.
Nicotine 
 Small quantities of it can be found in tomatoes, potatoes, aubergines (eggplants) and green pepper (Capsicum, the peppers used as vegetables).
Nicotine 
 Besides the treatment of nicotine dependency, it seems that the drug can also be used to treat special (severe) forms of epilepsy, as well as some other diseases.
Nicotine 
 Factors which influence the amount include type of tobacco; brand of cigarette; country or region (some markets restrict maximum average nicotine levels); and how the cigarette is smoked.
Addiction 
 When somebody is addicted to something, they can become sick if they do not get the thing they are addicted to.
Addiction 
 Some people who are addicts need to go to a doctor or hospital to cure the addiction, so they no longer crave (want or need) the drug.
Addiction 
 The blood stream moves the element around the body so that it gets to the brain, and makes the person feel that they are enjoying it; then they want more of that substance.
Addiction 
 This takes place remarkably fast for some addictions such as hashish and cocaine; but all of them control the consumer.
Addiction 
 Once under this control, the consumer does not have a completely free will, and listens to the addiction's bidding.
Addiction 
 You may hear people talk about being "addicted to the Internet" or "addicted to chocolate" or gambling.
Addiction 
 This means that they get into a habit of enjoying that thing, so if they have to go without it for a while, they miss it a lot.
Addiction 
 Addiction is similar to a major disease like chronic heart disease or perhaps diabetes, but addictions are not taken as seriously as these major diseases.
Addiction 
 Most people believe addiction to be a lifestyle choice, which in fact it is but it is also part of a person's genetics.
Addiction 
 There are ways of helping the addict but this takes the admission of a problem and then proper testing to reveal what kind of treatment is needed.
Addiction 
 The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) defines addiction as a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individual’s life experiences.
Addiction 
 People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences.
Addiction 
 Prevention efforts and treatment approaches for addiction are generally as successful as those for other chronic diseases.
Addiction 
 Tolerance, which is the need to engage in the addictive behavior more and more to get the desired effect
Addiction 
 Withdrawal happens when the person does not take the substance or engage in the activity, and they experience unpleasant symptoms, which are often the opposite of the effects of the addictive behavior
Secession 
 Secession usually means when part of one country breaks away, or leaves that country to start a new country.
Secession 
 During the American Civil War, eleven southern states declared their secession (independence) from the United States.
New England 
 New England is a region in the northeastern United States consisting of six states: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.
Intelligence quotient 
 Measuring intelligence in any way is an idea developed by British scientist Francis Galton in the book Hereditary genius published in the late 19th century.
Intelligence quotient 
 The tests try to avoid specific knowledge, and try to ask questions which, in principle, anyone might be able to answer.
Intelligence quotient 
 The bell curve used has a center value of 100 and a standard deviation of 15; other tests may have different standard deviations.
Intelligence quotient 
 All the cognitive tests completed in 1983 predicted onset of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease up to 11 years later".
Intelligence quotient 
 People still disagree about how much of a person's IQ comes from his parents and how much depends on his environment (what his home is like).
Intelligence quotient 
 The average IQ scores for many populations have been rising about three points per decade since the early 20th century.
Intelligence quotient 
 People who study it disagree whether these changes in scores are really happening, or it they mean that there were mistakes in how people were tested in the past.
Intelligence quotient 
 psychologist Charles Spearman in 1904 first studied how the scores from different kinds of intelligence tests are related to each other.
Intelligence quotient 
 He did factor analysis of correlations between the tests, and found a single common factor explained the positive correlations among tests.
Intelligence quotient 
 Spearman found that if a person got a high (or low) score on one kind of test, he probably (but not always) would get a similar score on the other kinds of tests.
Intelligence quotient 
 Tests that use abstract reasoning are usually the best to tell what the scores on the other kinds of tests probably will be.
Intelligence quotient 
 Because of that, Spearman thought that a person's abstract reasoning ability (how good he was at solving puzzles or problems) was what other kinds of intelligence are based on.
Intelligence quotient 
 One of the most commonly used measures of g is Raven's Progressive Matrices, which is a test of visual reasoning.
Intelligence quotient 
 During World War I, the military needed a way to test recruits and decide what kind of job they could do best.
Intelligence quotient 
 Nonverbal or "performance" tests were developed for those who could not speak English or were suspected of malingering.
Intelligence quotient 
 After the war, positive publicity on army psychological testing helped to make psychology a respected field.
Intelligence quotient 
 They claim the tests are an index of intelligence, since higher scorers usually can do more difficult tasks.
Intelligence quotient 
 Some think it is problematic that different aspects of intelligence can be combined into one "measurement".
Intelligence quotient 
 The first tests were done on children in school, to determine which children would likely need more attention.
Intelligence quotient 
 A child that needs more help in school may not be less intelligent; they might simply come from a different background.
Intelligence quotient 
 People of another culture will test less well, but without a definition, there is no way to determine whether that means they are less intelligent.
Intelligence quotient 
 He argued that with good education programs, most students could catch up and perform quite well in school.
Intelligence quotient 
 Paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould argued that intelligence tests were based on faulty assumptions and showed their history of being used as the basis for scientific racism.
Intelligence quotient 
 In his opinion, the general intelligence factor g (which these tests measure), is simply a mathematical artifact.
Intelligence quotient 
 Therefore, IQs are not simply a mathematical fiction: they relate to the ability of individuals to perform certain functions.
Intelligence quotient 
 Even if experts do not agree on a definition of intelligence, that does not disprove the usefulness (or otherwise) of the tests.
Intelligence quotient 
 The issue is central to human nature and evolutionary psychology, because humans evolved the characteristics which helped them survive and reproduce.
Intelligence quotient 
 The American Psychological Association's report Intelligence: knowns and unknowns states that IQ tests as predictors of social achievement are not biased against people of African descent.
Intelligence quotient 
 They predict future performance, such as school achievement, similarly to the way they predict future performance for European descent.
Intelligence quotient 
 A 2005 study stated that "differential validity in prediction suggests that the WAIS-R test may contain cultural influences that reduce the validity of the WAIS-R as a measure of cognitive ability for Mexican American students", indicating a weaker positive correlation relative to sampled white students.
Intelligence quotient 
 Standard intelligence tests, such as the Stanford-Binet test, are often inappropriate for children with autism and dyslexia; the alternative of using developmental or adaptive skills measures are relatively poor measures of intelligence in autistic children, and have resulted in incorrect claims that a majority of children with autism are mentally retarded.
Intelligence quotient 
 Claimed low intelligence has historically been used to justify the feudal system and unequal treatment of women.
Intelligence quotient 
 In contrast, others claim that the refusal of "high-IQ elites" to take IQ seriously as a cause of inequality is itself immoral.
Intelligence quotient 
 The American Psychological Association's Board of Scientific Affairs established a task force in 1995 to write a consensus statement on the state of intelligence research which could be used by all sides as a basis for discussion.
Intelligence quotient 
 In this paper the representatives of the association regret that IQ-related works are frequently written with a view to their political consequences: "research findings were often assessed not so much on their merits or their scientific standing as on their supposed political implications".
Intelligence quotient 
 The task force concluded that IQ scores do have high predictive validity for individual differences in school achievement.
Intelligence quotient 
 They confirm the predictive validity of IQ for adult occupational status, even when variables such as education and family background have been statistically controlled.
Intelligence quotient 
 Both genes and environment, in complex interplay, are essential to the development of intellectual competence.
Intelligence quotient 
 They state there is little evidence to show that childhood diet influences intelligence except in cases of severe malnutrition.
Intelligence quotient 
 The task force agrees that large differences do exist between the average IQ scores of blacks and whites, and that these differences cannot be attributed to biases in test construction.
Intelligence quotient 
 The task force suggests that explanations based on social status and cultural differences are possible, and that environmental factors have raised mean test scores in many populations.
Intelligence quotient 
 The APA journal that published the statement, American Psychologist, later published responses in January 1997.
Intelligence quotient 
 Several of these argued that the report failed to examine adequately the evidence for partly-genetic explanations.
Dead Calm 
 In it, a honeymoon couple rescue a young man from a sinking boat who claims to have lost his companions to food poisoning, but the real story is much less innocent.
Melting point 
 The melting point of a substance is the temperature at which this substance goes from the solid  state to the liquid one, at a normal pressure.
Melting point 
 There are substances, where this is not the case (they melt at one temperature, and freeze at another).
Lutherstadt Wittenberg 
 Wittenberg ( , ; Low Saxon: Wittenbarg; meaning White Mountain; officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg (traditional English: Luther City Wittenberg, Low Saxon: Lutherstadt Wittenbarg)) is a town in Germany.
Lutherstadt Wittenberg 
 Wittenberg became one of the most important German towns of political, cultural, historical, and artistic advances in the 16th century.
Lutherstadt Wittenberg 
 The famous reformation places in the old town, and the buildings developed in different epochs, make up the architecture of the town.
Lutherstadt Wittenberg 
 Many people travel to Wittenberg because of its past, and its connection to Martin Luther who worked there.
Cyberstalking 
 Stalking is following someone around in a way that makes them feel hunted or not safe in some other way.
Cyberstalking 
 The stalker may do this because they want to be involved in that person's life or because they want to have power over that person's life.
Cyberstalking 
 Sometimes a stalker may go on to hurt that person's body by assaulting, raping or murdering that person.
Cyberstalking 
 The stalker may make direct contact with that person, they may send nasty messages to that person or spread lies about them to others.
Cyberstalking 
 Then they might use this information to do more stalking or find other ways to hurt that person on the Internet or hurt their body.
Cyberstalking 
 The person who is stalked on the Internet may feel they have more power if they can simply delete emails or turn their computer connection off.
Voltage 
 Voltage can cause charges to move, and since moving charges is a current, voltage can cause a current.
Voltage 
 Voltage is an electrical potential difference, the difference in electric potential between two places.
Voltage 
 According to the rules of the International System of Units, the symbol for a unit with a name derived from the proper name of a person is uppercase.
Voltage 
 Both electric potential and voltage are things we measure and the volt is the unit of measure for both.
Voltage 
 Electrical engineers use the symbol  for voltage, e.g., , to make the difference between voltage and volts very clear.
Voltage 
 Technically, the voltage is the difference in electric potential between two points and is always measured between two points.
Voltage 
 e.g. between the positive and negative ends of a battery, between a wire and the ground, or between a wire or a point of a circuit and a point in another part of the circuit.
Voltage 
 In everyday use with household electricity in the U.S. the voltage is most often 120V. This voltage is measured from the electric wire to the ground.
Voltage 
 Birds can land on high voltage lines such as 12kV and 16kV without dying, because the current does not flow through the bird.
Voltage 
 The DC voltage (direct current voltage) always has the same polarity (positive or negative), such as in a battery.
Voltage 
 For example, the voltage from the wall socket changes polarity 60 times per second (in America) or 50 times per second (UK and Europe).
Voltage 
 Voltage is always measured between two points, and one of them is often called the "ground", or the zero volt (0V) point.
Voltage 
 A connection is made to the real ground through a water pipe, a ground rod buried or driven into the earth, or a convenient metallic conductor (not a gas pipe) buried underground.
Voltage 
 This connection is made at the point of entry of the electric system into a building, at every pole where there is a transformer at the street (often on an electric pole), and other places in the system.
Voltage 
 One is the 'grounding conductor' (the green or bare wire) and is used as a safety ground to connect metal parts of equipment to the earth.
Voltage 
 The other is used as one of the electric conductors in the circuits of the system and is called the 'neutral conductor'.
Voltage 
 This wire which is at the ground potential completes all the circuits by carrying the current from any electric equipment back to the systems entry point into the buildings and then to the transformer usually at the street.
Voltage 
 In many places outside the buildings it becomes unnecessary to have a wire to complete the circuits and carry the current from the buildings to the generators.
Voltage 
 In DC circuits, the negative end of a generator or battery is often called the "ground" or zero volt (0V) point, even though there may or may not be a connection to the earth.
Voltage 
 There can be several grounds on the same printed circuit board (PCB), for example with sensitive analog circuits, that part of the circuit can use an "analog ground", and the digital part, have a " digital ground".
Voltage 
 In electrical equipment the 0 volt point can be the metal chassis called a chassis ground or a connection to the actual ground called an earth ground, each with their own symbol used in electrical schematic drawings (circuit drawings).
Voltage 
 The voltmeter can measure the DC voltage of a battery for example (typically 1.5V or 9V), or the AC voltage from the power socket on the wall (typically 120V).
Voltage 
 For more complex signals, an oscilloscope can be used the measured the DC and/or AC voltage, for example to measure the voltage across a speaker.
Voltage 
 The voltage, or potential difference from point a to point b is the amount of energy in joules (as a result of electric field) required to move 1 coulomb of positive charge from point a to point b. A negative voltage between points a and b is one in which 1 coulomb of energy is required to move a negative charge from point a to b. If there is a uniform electric field about a charged object, negatively charged objects will be pulled towards higher voltages, and positively charged objects will be pulled towards lower voltages.
Voltage 
 The potential difference/Voltage between two points is independent of the path taken to get from point a to b. Thus, the voltage from a to b + the voltage from b to c will always equal the voltage from a to c.
Stopwatch 
 For example, to learn how soon a car can reach 60 miles per hour, or how much time it takes a runner to run 40 yards.
Departments of France 
 The départements (or departments) are administrative parts of France and many French colonies, similar to English counties.
Macrosociology 
 Macrosociology is considered one of the main foundations of sociology (contrast with micro-sociology).
Macrosociology 
 Macro-sociology is the analysis of either large collectivities (the city, the church) or, more abstractly, of social systems and social structures. (
Macrosociology 
 With the perspective of macro-sociology, it is possible to better understand societies, culture, groups and organizations.
Macrosociology 
 Karl Marx; who analyzed society from the perspective of class conflict between workers and owners, micro sociology
Macrosociology 
 Max Weber; who viewed society as rapidly modernizing and looked at the effects of this process, such as bureaucratization, macro sociology
Macrosociology 
 Emile Durkheim; who viewed individual issues as reflective of greater social patterns, completing the first sociological study (which linked suicide to societal trends), macro sociology
Flag of Poland 
 The colors white and red were earlier declared the official national colors in 1831 by the Polish Parliament in 1831.
Transrapid 
 It is developed by the company TRANSRAPID INTERNATIONAL GmbH & Co. KG, a company of the Siemens AG and the ThyssenKrupp AG.