the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Bryozoa 
 This term is used in biology to describe the way a genetically unified population develops into clearly distinct forms.
Bryozoa 
 The polymorphism is usually controlled by genetic switching mechanisms, but in bryozoa there is little knowledge of their genetics.
Bryozoa 
 In their aquatic habitats, bryozoans live on all types of hard substrates: sand grains, rocks, shells, wood, blades of kelp, pipes and ships may be heavily encrusted with bryozoans.
Bryozoa 
 Most bryozoans are sessile and immobile, but a few colonies are able to creep about, and a few species of non-colonial bryozoans live and move about in the spaces between sand grains.
Bryozoa 
 Several bryozoan species live in the Midwestern United States, especially in Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky which was once a part of a large ocean, the Western Interior Seaway.
Bryozoa 
 The colonies range from millimeters to meters in size, but the individuals that make up the colonies are tiny, usually less than a millimeter long.
Bryozoa 
 Some individuals gather up the food for the colony (autozooids), others depend on them (heterozooids).
Bryozoa 
 Some individuals are devoted to strengthening the colony (kenozooids), and still others to cleaning the colony (vibracula).
Bryozoa 
 They were abundant throughout the Palaeozoic era: they were one of the most dominant groups of Palaeozoic fossils.
Bryozoa 
 They were major components of seabed communities and, like modern-day bryozoans, played an important role in sediment stabilization and binding.
Bryozoa 
 During the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) 354 to 323 million years ago, bryozoans were so common that their broken skeletons form entire limestone beds.
Bryozoa 
 After a crash at the Permian/Triassic boundary, when almost all species went extinct, bryozoans recovered in the later Mesozoic to become as successful as before.
Bryozoa 
 The skeletons of individual zooids vary from tubular to box-shaped and contain a terminal aperture from which the lophophore is protruded to feed.
Bryozoa 
 No pores are present in the great majority of Ordovician bryozoans, but skeletal evidence shows that epithelia were continuous from one zooid to the next.
Bryozoa 
 One of the most important events during bryozoan evolution was the acquisition of a calcareous skeleton and the mechanism of tentacle protrusion.
Bryozoa 
 The rigidity of the outer body walls gave protection against predators, a greater degree of zooid connection, and the evolution of massive colony forms.
Placebo 
 The motive usually is that if a person believes that a medicine, diet, or other treatment is good for them, then it is good for them.
Placebo 
 Sometimes sick people who receive a placebo feel like they are getting better, and sometimes their bodies actually do get better.
Placebo 
 It showed "to a degree which has never been suspected, what powerful influence upon diseases is produced by mere imagination".
Placebo 
 Émile Coué, a French apothecary, working  between 1882 and 1910, discovered what later came to be known as the "Placebo effect".
Placebo 
 He reassured his clients by praising each remedy's efficiency and leaving a small positive notice with each medication.
Placebo 
 His book Self-mastery through conscious autosuggestion was published in England (1920) and in the United States (1922).
Placebo 
 Blind trials work like this: Some people are given the medicine or treatment being tested, and others are given the placebo.
Placebo 
 If researchers notice that the "treatment group" is different from the "placebo group" they will know that the difference is because of the treatment.
Placebo 
 Without a "placebo group" then researchers cannot know if those changes would have happened anyway, no matter which medicine people had taken.
Placebo 
 Since a landmark paper in 1955 the placebo effect has been recognised and accepted by some, and denied by others.
Placebo 
 The placebo effect is mediated by "top-down" processes from neocortex areas that influence expectations. "
Placebo 
 Diseases lacking major 'top-down' or cortically based regulation may be less prone to placebo-related improvement".
Placebo 
 Depression: Placebos reducing depression affect many of the same areas that are activated by antidepressants with the addition of the prefrontal cortex
Placebo 
 Caffeine: Placebo-caffeinated coffee causes an increase in bilateral dopamine release in the thalamus.
Placebo 
 Glucose: The expectation of an intravenous injection of glucose increases the release of dopamine in the basal ganglia of men (but not women).
Placebo 
 Methylphenidate: The expectation of intravenous injection of this drug in inexperienced drug users increased the release of dopamine in the ventral cingulate gyrus and nucleus accumbens, with this effect being largest in those with no prior experience of the drug.
Identity (mathematics) 
 An identity is an equality that remains true even if you change all the variables that are used in that equality.
Identity (mathematics) 
 For this, the symbol ≡ is sometimes used (note, however, that the same symbol can also be used for a congruence relation as well.)
Identity (mathematics) 
 In algebra, an identity or identity element of a set S with an operation is an element which, when combined with any element s of S, produces s itself.
Identity (mathematics) 
 The identity function (or identity map) from a set S to itself, often denoted  or , such that  for all x in S.
Identity (mathematics) 
 In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size n is the n-by-n square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere.
Identity (mathematics) 
 which is true for all real values of  (since the real numbers  are the domain of both sine and cosine), as opposed to
Identity (mathematics) 
 Similarly, The number 1 is the "multiplicative identity" for integers, real numbers, and complex numbers.
Identity (mathematics) 
 A common example of an identity function is the identity permutation, which sends each element of the set  to itself.
Identity (mathematics) 
 These meanings are not mutually exclusive; for instance, the identity permutation is the identity element in the set of permutations of  under composition.
Identity 
 An identity object is an entity that does not change other objects; identity function, identity element and identity matrix
Identity 
 In the social sciences, identity has specific meanings, stemming from cognitive theory, sociology, politics, and psychology.
Identity 
 Cultural identity is a person's self-affiliation (or categorization by others) as a member of a cultural group.
Identity 
 Psychological identity is the concept that an individual has a unique identity developed relatively late in history.
Identity 
 An accounting identity is a basic accounting formulation that must, by construction, hold; for example, the balance sheet of a company must balance.
Identity 
 The term may also be used to apply to formulations in economics that have the same characteristics, for example, the balance of payments must balance.
Identity 
 Identity theft is the deliberate appropriation of someone else's identity (without that person's permission) for criminal purposes.
Identity 
 Identity (object-oriented programming), a property of objects that allows those objects to be distinguished from each other.
Identity 
 Identity column in SQL Server represents a database field whose values are automatically generated by the server, and uniquely identify a row in the table.
Identity 
 Christian Identity, a controversial religious belief which holds that Europeans and their descendents are the Biblical Israel
Equality (mathematics) 
 Equivalence in a more general sense is provided by the construction of an equivalence relation between two mathematical objects, that is, two mathematical objects are equivalent if they are related by this relation.
Equality (mathematics) 
 This means that if one object is equal to a second object, and the second object is equal to a third object, then the first object is equal to the third object as well.
Equality (mathematics) 
 Since a predicate is a way of describing something that is true, another way to say this is that if one thing that is true about a variable is not true about the other variable, then they are not equal as far as mathematical logic is concerned: two things are only equal if anything that is true about one has to be true about the other.
Equality (mathematics) 
 Two shapes are congruent if one can be moved or rotated so that it fits exactly where the other one is.
Equality (mathematics) 
 The congruence relation is often represented by the symbol , while the similarity relation is represented by the symbol .
Equality (mathematics) 
 Very often, the comparison is written == (and the assignment, the act of giving a value, is written as =, or :=).
Equality (mathematics) 
 If two such references do not reference exactly the same object, then they are different and a == b will be false in this case.
Equality (mathematics) 
 For this reason, many such languages have introduced another operator (in Java, this method is called equals).
Equality (mathematics) 
 This operator compares the actual values of the objects—not where the variables that reference them point to.
Equality (mathematics) 
 two people who have the same amount of education and money, and who are of the same age usually think of each other as equals.
Ministry 
 Ministry (collective executive) (often the Ministry), the complete body of government ministers (whether or not they are in cabinet) under the leadership of a prime minister
Ministry 
 The Ministry, also known as the Aireacht, the cabinet of the government established by the revolutionary Irish Republic of 1919-1922
Religious ministry 
 Ministry, in Christianity, is the activity that is done by members of the church to serve the purposes of the church.
Religious ministry 
 It can mean this activity as a whole, or specific activities, or organizations in a church that perform specific activities.
Religious ministry 
 As churches attempt to meet the needs of their congregations, they often separate their members into groups according to age categories.
Religious ministry 
 Age-specific groups meet for religious study including Sunday school programs, fellowship, and other activities.
Religious ministry 
 Adults, which is often broken up into single adults, couples ministry, men's and women's ministries, and senior adults.
Religious ministry 
 Nearly all churches have some form of worship music, whether from a choir, orchestra, or worship band.
Religious ministry 
 Many churches sponsor ministries designed to reach out others on a local and global scale, usually grouped under the heading of missions.
Religious ministry 
 There are many organizations which perform missions on a fully-funded and organized level, such as North American Mission Board, operated by the Southern Baptist Convention.
Ministry (government department) 
 National ministries vary greatly between countries, but some common ones include Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and  Ministry of Health.
Ministry (government department) 
 Some countries such as Switzerland, the Philippines and the United States do not use the term "ministry" for their government departments, and instead simply call them departments.
Ministry (government department) 
 In Canada, some provincial-level government departments are called "ministries" (such as in Ontario and British Columbia) but most are called "departments."
Galerius 
 When the Tetrarchy was introduced by Diocletian in 293 Galerius and Constantius Chlorus were given the rank of Caesar.
Galerius 
 Diocletian came to Antioch, where the official version of events was made clear: Galerius was to take the blame.
Galerius 
 In Antioch, Diocletian forced Galerius to walk a mile in advance of his imperial cart while still clad in the purple robes of an emperor.p17p292/3 The message was clear: the loss at Carrhae was not due to the failings of the empire's soldiers, but due to the failings of their commander, and Galerius' failures would not be accepted.
Galerius 
 During the second encounter, Roman forces seized Narseh's camp, his treasury, his harem, and his wife.p18 Narseh's wife would live out the remainder of the war in Daphne, a suburb of Antioch.
Galerius 
 This was, to the Persians, a constant reminder of Roman victory.p293 Galerius advanced into Media and Adiabene, winning victories.p151 He took Nisibis (Nusaybin, Turkey) before 1 October 298.
Galerius 
 In 305, on the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, Galerius got the title of Augustus, together with Constantius, his former colleague.
Galerius 
 Galerius only discovered this when he got a letter from Constantine, who told him of his father's death, modestly asserted his natural claim to the succession, and respectfully lamented that the enthusiasm of his troops had not allowed him to get the Imperial purple in a regular manner.
Galerius 
 As he could not restrain his passions, he threatened to burn both the letter and the messenger.p28/9p6279–80p160
Galerius 
 When he had time to reconsider his position, he realised his chances of winning a war against Constantine was doubtful.
Galerius 
 Therefore, without commenting on the choice of the British army, Galerius accepted the son of his deceased colleague as the ruler of the provinces beyond the Alps; but he gave him only the title of Caesar, and the fourth rank among the Roman princes, whilst he conferred the vacant place of Augustus on his favourite, Severus II.
Galerius 
 Galerius’ need for revenue led him to make a strict examination of the property of his subjects for the purpose of taxation.
Galerius 
 Where there was the slightest suspicion of concealment, torture was used to get a sincere declaration of their personal wealth.
Galerius 
 Italy began to murmur against this indignity and Maxentius used this sentiment to declare himself emperor in Italy, to the fury of Galerius.
Galerius 
 Therefore, Galerius ordered his colleague Severus to immediately march to Rome, so that, by his unexpected arrival, he would easily suppress the rebellion.
Galerius 
 Severus was quickly captured and executed by Maximian, who had once again been elevated to the rank of co-emperor, this time by his son Maxentius.
Galerius 
 He was determined to revenge the death of Severus and to punish the rebellious Romansp122 However, due to the skill of Maximian, Galerius found every place hostile, fortified, and inaccessible.
Galerius 
 When Galerius began his withdrawal from Italy, it was only with great difficulty that he managed to stop his veterans deserting him.
Galerius 
 With so many emperors now in existence, in 308 Galerius, the retired emperor Diocletian and Maximian called an imperial 'conference' at Carnuntum on the River Danube.
Galerius 
 Here it was agreed that Galerius’ long-time friend and military companion Licinius, who had been entrusted by Galerius with the defense of the Danube while Galerius was in Italy, would become Augustus in the West, with Constantine as his Caesar.
Galerius 
 The news of Licinius’ promotion was carried into the East, and Maximinus, who governed the provinces of Egypt and Syria, rejected his position as Caesar.
Galerius 
 Although the memory of a recent war divided the empire into two great hostile powers, their fears and the fading authority of Galerius produced an apparent tranquility in the imperial government.
Galerius 
 He spent the rest of his time enjoying himself, and ordering some important public works, such as discharging into the Danube the superfluous waters of Lake Pelso, and cutting down the immense forests around it.
Galerius 
 The persecutions that began with an edict of 24 February 303, were credited by Christians to the influence of Galerius.
Galerius 
 But in April 311 Galerius issued the general edict of toleration, from Nicomedia in his own name and in those of Licinius and Constantine.
Galerius 
 Lactantius gives the text of the edict in De Mortibus Persecutorum ('On the Deaths of the Persecutors', chapters 34, 35).
Placebo (disambiguation) 
 Placebo (at funeral) (obsolete usage), someone who falsely claims a connection to the deceased to get a share of the funeral meal
Placebo effect (disambiguation) 
 The placebo effect, the tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work.
Placebo effect (disambiguation) 
 Placebo Effect, an original novel written by Gary Russell and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.
Square foot gardening 
 It is based on the idea that wide rows, used in traditional gardening, waste time, work, water, seeds and soil.
Square foot gardening 
 Smaller plants can be spaced more tightly; for example, four heads of lettuce together in one square, or sixteen carrots.
Square foot gardening 
 Growing many different types of plants in a small area also makes it more difficult for plant diseases to spread.
Blender 
 A blender is an electric kitchen appliance used for making drinks, mixing liquids, and puréeing (chopping up into small bits) fruits and vegetables for sauces and soups.
Blender 
 A blender consists of a glass or plastic container with a mounted blade in the bottom, and a base that has an electric motor and switches to turn on the motor or change its speed.
Blender 
 Blenders are used to make milk shakes (a blend of ice cream and milk) and fruit smoothies (a mix of fruit and ice).
Blender 
 Blenders are also used to make cold alcoholic drinks that include crushed ice or ice cream, such as margaritas and Mississippi Mudslide drinks.
Drinking straw 
 A drinking straw (or "straw") is a utensil used to consume cold drinks such as milk shakes, smoothies, cola, and fruit juice.
Drinking straw 
 To use a drinking straw, a person places the straw in a glass that contains a liquid and then sucks the straw with their mouth.
Drinking straw 
 An inventor named Joseph Friedman invented a straw made of paper coated in glue so that it did not dissolve.
Whole-tone scale 
 In music, a whole tone scale is a scale in which each note is separated from the next one by an interval of a whole tone.
Whole-tone scale 
 There is always one note (a semitone) in between each neighbouring pair of notes of the whole-tone scale.
Whole-tone scale 
 When a whole-tone scale is played on a piano, starting from a low note and moving up to high notes, while at the same time pressing the sustaining pedal (the right pedal), it makes a "dreamy" sound.
Whole-tone scale 
 Russian composers such as Glinka in his opera Ruslan and Ludmila and Borodin in Prince Igor used the whole-tone scale.
Pentatonic scale 
 However, the pentatonic scale which is used in most Western music uses notes which do not have any semitones.
Pentatonic scale 
 A pentatonic scale starting on C will use the notes C,D,E,G,A (the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 6th notes of a major scale).. An easy way to find such a pentatonic scale is by using all the black notes of a keyboard.
Pentatonic scale 
 It does not matter too much which note is used for the start and the finish, because there is no feeling of a clear key.
Pentatonic scale 
 Maurice Ravel used it to write music which sounded Chinese, and in his Mother Goose suite (Ma Mère l'Oye) which sounds like a fairy tale.
Pentatonic scale 
 Difficult words: Octave - An octave is the distance between two musical notes that have the same letter name.
Pentatonic scale 
 Folk music - Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.
Pentatonic scale 
 Semitones - A semitone, also called a half step or a half tone, is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western tonal music, and it is considered the most dissonant when sounded harmonically.
Pentatonic scale 
 Major scale - The major scale or Ionian scale is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music.
Pentatonic scale 
 Like many musical scales it is made up of seven notes: the eighth duplicates the first at double its frequency so that it is called a higher octave of the same note (from Latin "octavus", the eighth).
Major scale 
 It is made up of seven separate notes, plus an eighth which is the same as the first an octave higher.
Major scale 
 The simplest major scale to write or play on the piano is C major, the only major scale not to require sharps or flats, using only the white keys on the piano keyboard:
Major scale 
 A major scale is a set of steps in the order "Whole:Whole:Half:Whole:Whole:Whole:Half" (tone, tone, semitone, tone, tone, tone, semitone).
Major scale 
 Western scales do not skip any line or space on the staff, and they do not repeat any note  with a different accidental.
Major scale 
 The Circle of Fifths was first described in 1728 by Johann David Heinichen in his book Der General-bass.
Major scale 
 The numbers inside the circle show the number of sharps or flats in the key signature, with the sharp keys going clockwise, and the flat keys counterclockwise from C major (which has no sharps or flats.)
Major scale 
 The circle depends on enharmonic relationships in the circle, which is six sharps or flats for the major keys of F = G and D = E for minor keys (Drabkin 2001).
Major scale 
 Seven sharps or flats make major keys (C major and C major) that are more easy to spell with five flats or sharps (as D major or B  major).
Major scale 
 The major scale is used more often than the minor scale in Western music because of its unique harmonic properties.
Major scale 
 For example, the major third is much stronger in the harmonic series (it is the 5th, 10th and 20th harmonic – see below) than the minor third (the 19th harmonic).
Major scale 
 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell.
Minor scale 
 A minor scale in music theory is any scale that has at least three scale degrees: the tonic, the minor third above the tonic, and the perfect fifth above the tonic.
Minor scale 
 In simple terms, a minor scale is a series of notes with a sad, somber character (exaggerated when heard back-to-back with a major scale).
Minor scale 
 A minor scale begins on the sixth note of its relative major scale, and is built with the following pattern of half steps and whole steps:
Minor scale 
 Usually, when people talk about minor scales, they mean natural minor, harmonic minor, or melodic minor scales, which are the most common in Western music.
Minor scale 
 If the white notes are played starting from the sixth step of that C scale, (from any A to the next A), then an A natural minor scale (the "relative minor" of C) is produced.
Minor scale 
 The harmonic minor scale is the same as the natural minor but with the seventh note raised by a semitone.
Minor scale 
 One way the harmonic minor is different to the natural minor is that it has two chords which have the same structure when inverted, so they do not belong to any key.
Minor scale 
 These are the diminished seventh chord (2nd, 4th, 6th and 7th degrees) and the augmented chord (the 3rd, 5th and 7th degrees).
Minor scale 
 The harmonic minor is also sometimes called the Mohammedan scale because its upper tetrachord is the same as the Hijaz jins, often found in Middle Eastern music.
Minor scale 
 The harmonic minor scale as a whole is sometimes called Nahawand-Hijaz in Arabic, or as Bûselik Hicaz  in Turkish.
Minor scale 
 The interval between the sixth and seventh degrees of this scale (in this case F and G) is an augmented second.
Minor scale 
 While some composers, like Mozart, have used this interval in melodic composition, other composers found it awkward.
Minor scale 
 They thought that a whole step between these two scale degrees was better for smooth melody writing, so they used the subtonic seventh, or raised the sixth scale degree.
Minor scale 
 The ascending has the same upper tetrachord to the major scale, and the descending is the same as the natural minor:
Minor scale 
 Using the triad of the relative major is very common, but because this is based on the third degree of the minor scale, the raised seventh degree of the harmonic scale would cause an augmented triad.