the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Lithium 
 Lithium is the lightest known metal and can be alloyed with aluminium, copper, manganese, and cadmium to make strong, lightweight metals for aircraft.
Lithium 
 Some lithium compounds like lithium aluminium hydride, lithium triethylborohydride, n-butyllithium and tert-butyllithium are commonly used as very strong bases called superbases.
Lithium 
 Lithium hydroxide and lithium peroxide are used to remove carbon dioxide and purify the air in spacecrafts and submarines.
Lithium 
 Lithium hydroxide, lithium peroxide and lithium perchlorate are used in oxygen candles that supply submarines with oxygen.
Beryllium 
 Since it has a very high stiffness to weight ratio, beryllium is used to make the diaphragms in some high-end speakers.
Beryllium 
 Beryllium is used to make jet aircrafts, guided missiles, spacecraft, and satellites, including the James Webb telescope.
Beryllium 
 Beryllium can reflect neutrons, and thin foils of beryllium are sometimes used in nuclear weapons as the outer layer of the plutonium pits.
Data compression 
 Data compression is a set of steps for packing data into a smaller space, while allowing for the original data to be seen again.
Data compression 
 Compression is a two-way process: a compression algorithm can be used to make a data package smaller, but it can also be run the other way, to decompress the package into its original form.
Data compression 
 Data compression is useful in computing to save disk space, or to reduce the bandwidth used when sending data (e.g., over the internet).
Data compression 
 Lossless compression packs data in such a way that the compressed package can be decompressed, and the data can be pulled out exactly the same as it went in.
Data compression 
 This is very important for computer programs and archives, since even a very small change in a computer program will make it unusable.
Data compression 
 For example, if you receive a data package which contains "AAAAABBBB", you could compress that into "5A4B", which has the same meaning but takes up less space.
Data compression 
 This type of compression is called "run-length encoding", because you define how long the "run" of a character is.
Data compression 
 The problem with run-length encoding is that it only works on long pieces of the same value of data.
Data compression 
 If you receive a package with "ABBAABAAB" inside, that can be compressed into "1A2B2A1B2A1B"; but that's longer than the original!
Data compression 
 In this case, there's another method that can be used: checking how often a particular value comes up in the whole data package.
Data compression 
 The most common kind of frequency compression is called Huffman coding, after the scientist who came up with the idea.
Data compression 
 The basic plan is to give each distinct value in a piece of data a code:- values that crop up all the time get shorter codes, and values that only show up once or twice get longer codes.
Data compression 
 For some types of data, lossy compression can go much further; this is most often the case with media files, like music and images.
Data compression 
 Of course, this will not work for computer programs and other such data where every piece is important; throwing away pieces of a computer program is generally unhealthy for the program.
Compiler 
 A compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language into another programming language.
Compiler 
 If a compiler can convert the same instruction text into machine code for different computers (like smartphones or video game machines), it is a 'cross-compiler'.
Compiler 
 Some even made programs that can translate the instructions that describe how a compiler should work, into a compiler.
Compiler 
 If the source instructions are on different pages, it may have to compile several before it can write everything down.
Compiler 
 The first piece, a lexical analyzer, reads a page of instruction text and splits it into words and sentences.
Compiler 
 If the input program is syntactically incorrect or has a type error, it generates errors and warnings.
Compiler 
 For example, the parser might complain about the example above, if it had not already seen y with its type adjective.
Compiler 
 The parser uses all the information to make a structure typically called an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST).
Compiler 
 When a compiler sees that the target program uses several pages to explain the whole recipe, it may use a linker.
Compiler 
 If the programmer writes incorrect code, the compiler informs of them an error, but if the compiler code itself contains errors, it may be hard to tell where exactly the problem lies.
Compiler 
 At the end of each compilation step the partial finished product could be stored and then only processed later on.
Compiler 
 A language like Java uses this successfully, where they lack the final translation step to instructions the processor understands.
Compiler 
 The lexical analyzer would separate each number and symbol (such as "*" or "+") into separate tokens.
Compiler 
 The intermediate-code generator would write a form of coding which defines a storage variable named "x" and assigns the numerical product of 5*10 plus 6 and 1.
Compiler 
 Hence, the target machine-code generator would set a variable named "x" and put the value 57 into that storage place in the computer's memory, using the instructions of whichever computer chip is being used.
Eye 
 In mammals, two kinds of cells, rods and cones, allow sight by sending signals through the optic nerve to the brain.
Eye 
 Many people are born with other small problems or get them later in life, and they may need eyeglasses (or contact lenses) to fix the problem.
Eye 
 They may have different performance in low light; nocturnal animals can see better at night than daytime animals.
Eye 
 The directionality can be improved by reducing the size of the opening, and by putting a reflective layer behind the receptor cells.
Eye 
 It is possible to get a better image with materials that have a high refractive index which decreases towards the edges.
Eye 
 This eye creates an image that is sharp enough that motion of the eye can cause significant blurring.
Eye 
 To minimize the effect of eye motion while the animal moves, most such eyes have stabilizing eye muscles.
Eye 
 They are very good at responding to rapid changes in light intensity across the whole visual field — this fast response is accelerated even more by the large nerve bundles which rush the information to the brain.
Eye 
 These could possibly be damaged by the intense light; shielding the receptors would block out some light and  reduce their sensitivity.
Eye 
 This fast response has led to suggestions that the ocelli of insects are used mainly in flight, because they can be used to detect sudden changes in which way is up (because light, especially UV light which is absorbed by vegetation, usually comes from above).
Eye 
 The eyes of most land-living vertebrates (as well as those of some spiders, and insect larvae) contain a fluid that has a higher refractive index than the air.
Eye 
 This design also means that someone looking into such an eye will see the same image as the organism which has them.
Eye 
 Many small organisms such as rotifers, copeopods and platyhelminthes use such this design, but their eyes are too small to produce usable images.
Eye 
 The ommatidia are located on a convex surface, each of them points in a slighly different direction.
Eye 
 Some snails, for example, see no image (picture) at all, but they sense light, which helps them stay out of bright sunlight.
Eye 
 They send their information about light to the brain along a different path (the retinohypothalamic tract).
Eye 
 This information adjusts (synchronizes) the animal's circadian rhythm to nature's light/dark cycle of 24 hours.
Eye 
 Eyes that are a little bit better are shaped like cups, which lets the animal know where the light is coming from.
Eye 
 These eyes have a round shape that makes light rays focus on the back part of the eye, called the retina.
Eye 
 Good fliers like flies or honey bees, or prey-catching insects like praying mantis or dragonflies, have specialized zones of ommatidia organized into a fovea area which gives sharp vision.
Eye 
 The body of Ophiocoma wendtii, a type of brittle star, is covered with ommatidia, turning its whole skin into a compound eye.
AbiWord 
 AbiWord is a free word processor that can be downloaded for free, it is open source and is much smaller in size than a proprietary alternative, Microsoft Word.
AbiWord 
 It is much smaller than many other commercial word-processors of its time, only using about 15Mb on a computer's hard drive under Microsoft Windows.
Insect 
 Insects are the largest group of animals on Earth by far: about 926,400 different species have been described.
Insect 
 On the head are an insect's compound eyes, its two antennae (they feel and smell things), and its mouth.
Insect 
 Inside the abdomen is the stomach, the heart, and the excretory system where body wastes pass out of the insect.
Insect 
 Just like our muscles connect to our bones to make us walk and stand up, the muscles of an insect connect to the exoskeleton to make it walk and move.
Insect 
 In the winter, many insects go into something called diapause, which is the insect version of hibernation.
Insect 
 Some insects, like cockroaches, cannot go into diapause and they will die if it gets too cold outside.
Insect 
 Others must rise to the water surface to get air which may be held or trapped in special parts of their body.
Insect 
 The flight muscles use oxygen at a huge rate: 100 ccs of oxygen for every single cc of tissue per hour.
Insect 
 With this system, the greatest diameter a muscle could have (and still consume oxygen at this rate) is about 0.5 cm.
Insect 
 Some insects also use a molecule called haemocyanin, which does the same job as haemoglobin does in vertebrates (but less efficiently).
Insect 
 Usually a female (mother) insect lays eggs, but a few species have live birth (the eggs develop inside the mother).
Insect 
 Although the adults are larger, they do need a magnifying glass or a binocular microscope to see the details.
Insect 
 A professional entomologist uses a binocular microscope to identify insects, plus a printed reference work.
Insect 
 There are far too many insects for anyone to remember them all, and most entomologists specialise in just one or two orders.
Insect 
 This means that a small insect, called a nymph comes out of the egg, and the nymph looks almost the same as the adult insect.
Insect 
 Other insects have complete metamorphosis, which means that the small larva which comes out of the egg looks very different from the adult insect.
Insect 
 Insects that have complete metamorphosis usually come out of the egg as a larva, which usually looks like a worm.
Insect 
 The oldest known insect fossil is the Devonian Rhyniognatha, from the 396 million year old Rhynie chert.
Insect 
 This species already possessed mandibles of a type associated with winged insects, suggesting that wings may already have evolved at this time.
Insect 
 Thus, anatomical records suggest the first insects may have appeared earlier, in the Silurian period.
Insect 
 In 2008, researchers uncovered what they believe is the world's oldest known full-body impression of a primitive flying insect, a 300 million-year-old specimen from the Carboniferous period.
Insect 
 The origin of insect flight is unclear, since the earliest known winged insects appear to have been capable fliers.
Insect 
 Some extinct insects had an additional pair of winglets attaching to the first segment of the thorax, for a total of three pairs.
Insect 
 Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian insect orders include both living groups and a number of Palaeozoic groups, now extinct.
Insect 
 During this era, some giant dragonfly-like forms reached wingspans of  making them far larger than any living insect.
Insect 
 This gigantism may have been due to higher atmospheric oxygen levels, which allowed increased respiratory efficiency.
Insect 
 Many of the early groups became extinct during the PermianTriassic extinction event, the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth, around 252 million years ago.
Insect 
 Beetles (order Coleoptera) have the front pair of wings changed into a hard shell to protect the back wings.
Insect 
 Ants, bees, and wasps (order Hymenoptera) sometimes have stingers and sometimes live in large colonies (like ant hills).
Insect 
 Sometimes the pest insects become resistant to the insecticides, which means the insecticides do not hurt them anymore.
Insect 
 Both the Colorado potato beetle and the diamondback moth are insects that are resistant to many insecticides.
Insect 
 When helpful insects are killed, such as those that eat pest insects, the pest insects may come back in larger numbers than before because they are not being eaten by helpful insects anymore.
List of operating systems 
 Flex (by Technical Systems Consultants for Motorola 6800 based computers: SWTPC, Tano, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, Gimix, etc.)
List of operating systems 
 OS/2 Windows/MS-DOS compatible operating system made in a Microsoft and IBM project, but later Microsoft stopped when they wanted to work on Windows NT more; which was better than early Windows versions and MS-DOS.
List of operating systems 
 UCSD P-system (OS by a student project at the University of California, San Diego; directed by Prof Ken Bowles)
List of operating systems 
 Windows 1.0x (Mostly text interface organised into windows, because graphical hardware was expensive at the time)
Computer jargon 
 Most people use these words to discuss computer ideas, but some people use these words to impress others (also known as buzzwords).
Computer jargon 
 Note that some people and some companies use a different version of these numbers, replacing 1024 with 1000 in each of the above numbers.
Computer jargon 
 Some processors are capable of doing more than one thing at once, as they have multiple "cores", so a bigger number is not necessarily better.
Computer jargon 
 Plug & Play - a function from the OS that auto-recognizes any change to the hardware of the computer.
Computer jargon 
 Computer Virus - bad software made to mess up a computer or destroy data; nothing good comes from it.
Million 
 One million (1,000,000), or one thousand thousand, is the natural number after 999,999 and before 1,000,001.
Million 
 The name is derived from Italian, where  was 1,000, and 1,000,000 became a "milione", as 'a large thousand'.
Million 
 The word 'million' is common to both the short-scale and long-scale numbering systems, unlike the larger numbers, which have different names in the two systems.
Million 
 The million is sometimes used in the English language as a metaphor for a very large number, as in 'Never in a million years' and 'You're one in a million', or as hyperbole, as in 'I've walked a million miles'.
Gross domestic product 
 To find the GDP of a country, one adds up all consumer spending (C), all investment (I), all government spending minus taxes (G), and the value of exports minus imports (X – M).
Gross domestic product 
 This is shown by the equation: This measure is often used to find out how healthy a country is; a country with a high value of GDP can be called a large economy.
Gross domestic product 
 Nominal GDP is the total amount of money spent on all new and final goods in an economy, real GDP (adjusting for changes in prices) tries to correct this number for inflation.
Gross domestic product 
 For example, if the prices rise by 2% (meaning, everything costs 2% more) and the nominal GDP grows by 5%, the real GDP growth is only increased by 3%.
Gross domestic product 
 The GDP measure is different from gross national product (GNP) in that GNP = GDP + net income from assets in other countries (net income receipts).
Gross domestic product 
 When the gross domestic product is evaluated at the current market prices, it is called the nominal GDP.
Cricket 
 One team, which is batting, tries to score runs, while the other team is fielding, and tries to prevent this.
Cricket 
 Runs are scored by hitting the ball, which is thrown by a player from the fielding team to a player from the batting team, across the boundary, or by the two batting players running back-and-forth between the two wickets.
Cricket 
 The wickets are sets of three small, wooden posts that are at each end of a rectangle of short grass called 'the pitch', which is 22 yards long.
Cricket 
 When a team no longer has two "not-out" players left to score, then the other team gets the chance to try to score.
Cricket 
 In shorter games of cricket, a team may also have to stop batting when the ball has been thrown to their players a certain number of times.
Cricket 
 The Guildford court heard John Derrick, a coroner, that fifty years earlier, "he and diverse of his fellows did run and play [on the common land] at cricket".
Cricket 
 Today, it is a popular sport in England, Australia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, South Africa, New Zealand, the West Indies and several other countries such as Afghanistan, Ireland, Kenya, Scotland, the Netherlands, and Zimbabwe.
Cricket 
 Runs are got after a ball is bowled, mostly by hitting the ball and running, or by hitting the ball to or over the boundary.
Cricket 
 The captain of the bowling team chooses a bowler from his team; the other players are called 'fielders'.
Cricket 
 The bowler is trying to aim the ball at a wicket, which is made up of three sticks (called stumps) stuck into the earth, with two small sticks (called bails) balanced on them.
Cricket 
 One of the fielders, called the 'wicket keeper', stands behind the wicket to catch the ball if the bowler misses the wicket.
Cricket 
 He bowls the ball overarm with a "straight arm" (defined further in the rules and the guidance to umpires).
Cricket 
 The batsmen can run between the wickets as many times as they want, with one run scored each time they do this.
Cricket 
 A fielder catches the ball after the batsman hits it, and before it bounces or leaves the field: called caught.
Cricket 
 If the batsmen cannot finish the run in time, and the ball hits the wicket, the batsman nearer to the wicket that is hit is out: this is called run out.
Cricket 
 In longer formats each side has two innings, and there is no specific limit to the number of overs in an innings.
Cricket 
 The countries where cricket is most popular compete in international matches (games between countries) that last up to 5 days, which are called Test matches.
Cricket 
 Those countries are England, Australia, West Indies, South Africa, New Zealand, India, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, Ireland, Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
Cricket 
 Cricket is also played in Kenya, Canada, Bermuda, Scotland, Holland and Namibia; the national teams of those countries can play one-day international matches, but do not play test matches.
Cricket 
 The countries permitted to play test matches are accredited by the ICC: the International Cricket Council.
Cricket 
 The ten countries are listed below, with 'West Indies',' England' counting for this purpose as a country.
Cricket 
 In these games, the length is determined by the number of overs, and each side has one innings only.
Cricket 
 A special formula, known as the 'Duckworth–Lewis method' is applied if rain reduces the time for play.
Cricket 
 It calculates the target score for the team batting second in a limited overs match interrupted by weather or other circumstance.
Cricket 
 ODIs are usually restricted to 50 overs batting for each side and each bowler can bowl up to 10 overs maximum.
Cricket 
 Twenty20 cricket has 20 overs for each side and each bowler can bowl up to 4 overs maximum unlike 10 overs in an ODI match.
Cricket 
 The highest team score is 263/5 by Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB) against Pune Warriors India (PWI) in the 2013 IPL season.
Cricket 
 A batsman's batting average is the number of runs he has scored in a period (such as a year or his whole career), divided by the number of times he was got out in the same period.
Cricket 
 A bowler's bowling average is the number of runs that have been scored while he was bowling, in a period, divided by the number of batsmen he has got out in the same period.
Cricket 
 The lowest T20 bowling average for a bowler who has bowled at least 500 balls is Mushtaq Ahmed with 13.80.
Track and field athletics 
 Track and field events take place in a sports stadium, either on the running track, or on the field inside the running track.
Track and field athletics 
 These tracks are generally made up of synthetic rubber – rubber particles bound with latex or polyurethane.
Track and field athletics 
 Other athletics events that are not track and field, include cross country running, road running, marathon running, and race-walking - these events take place outside a sports stadium.
Track and field athletics 
 One of these is the decathlon, which includes two short-distance races, a mile run, a hurdles race, javelin, discus, shot-put, high jump and pole vault.
Badminton 
 The game is either one player against one player or a team of two players against another team of two players.
Badminton 
 The aim of the game is to hit the shuttlecock over the net in a way that the other player or pair cannot hit it back properly before it hits the floor.
Badminton 
 Badminton traces its history to a game called George Cajoles, which was played in Pune, India in the 19th century by the British military officers stationed there.
Badminton 
 This game was taken by retired officers back to England where it developed and quickly grew in popularity.
Badminton 
 The All England Open Badminton Championships, the first badminton competition in the world, was held in 1899.
Badminton 
 Although badminton originated in England, it is mainly played in countries of Asia such as China, Nepal, Indonesia, India, and the Republic of Korea that now dominates this sport.
Badminton 
 The first Indian to win the All England Badminton Championship was Prakash Padukone in the year 1980
Chemical warfare 
 Chemical weapons are different than regular weapons (like bombs) or nuclear weapons because they do not explode.
Chemical warfare 
 Chemical warfare does not include using living organisms (like anthrax bacteria) to make people sick.
Chemical warfare 
 Because botulinum toxin and ricin are not alive, using them to make people sick is called chemical warfare.
Chemical warfare 
 The Convention also says that any toxic chemical is a chemical weapon unless it is used for legal reasons.
Chemical warfare 
 About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled (saved up) as chemical warfare agents during the 20th century.
Chemical warfare 
 These are chemicals that are poisonous enough to be used as chemical weapons, or chemicals that may be used to make chemical weapons.
Chemical warfare 
 Schedule 1 Substances (Chemicals): These chemicals can be used for nothing but chemical weapons (or for very few other things).
Chemical warfare 
 Because of this, they may only be made or used for research; medicine; to make medications or antidotes; or for protective reasons (for example, to test chemical weapons sensors, which can tell when a chemical weapon is nearby, or to test protective clothing).
Chemical warfare 
 If a country makes over 100 grams of any of these chemicals, the country must report this to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Chemical warfare 
 Schedule 2 Substances: These chemicals have some specific uses other than chemical warfare, but not many.
Chemical warfare 
 Another example is chloropicrin, which has also been used as a chemical weapon, but is also used as a fumigant (for example, to kill insects in a house).
Chemical warfare 
 The OPCW must be told of, and may inspect, any company that makes more than 30 tons of these chemicals in a year.
Chemical warfare 
 Although very basic chemical warfare has been used in many parts of the world for thousands of years, "modern" chemical warfare began during World War I (see the page Chemical weapons in World War I).
Chemical warfare 
 Since modern chemical warfare started in World War I, countries have tried to research and make chemical weapons.