the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 In cryptography, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), is a symmetric-key, block cipher algorithm that was selected by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 AES is a type of Rijndael () block cipher developed by Belgian programmers, Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 The National Institute of Standards and Technology held a competition for a publicly available symmetric-key encryption algorithm and started accepting entries in 1997.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 After asking for comments, the NIST held the Second AES Conference where the top five algorithms were MARS, RC6, Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) was published as a Federal Information Processing Standard on November 26, 2001.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 "The design and strength of all key lengths of the AES algorithm (i.e., 128, 192 and 256) are sufficient to protect classified information up to the SECRET level.
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 The implementation of AES in products intended to protect national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA prior to their acquisition and use."
Advanced Encryption Standard 
 AES is fast in both software and hardware, is relatively easy to implement, and requires little memory.
Shōnen (media) 
 Shōnen is a type of manga or anime meant for young teen boys usually between the ages of about 12 and 18.
The Amazing Race 
 In The Amazing Race, 11 or 12 teams of two people race around the world for $1,000,000, with information provided by "clues", or Route Info.
The Amazing Race 
 At Pit Stops, teams check in for a mandatory 12 hour rest period, although sometimes the period can be 24 hours, 36 hours, or even once 60.
The Amazing Race 
 Usually, the first team to arrive at a Pit Stop will receive a prize, such as a trip to a Caribbean country.
The Amazing Race 
 That meant that if they did not come in first at the next Pit Stop, they would have to wait out a 30-minute penalty.
The Amazing Race 
 Teams are allowed to switch between Detour choices, but there is a harsh 6-hour penalty if you quit a Detour.
The Amazing Race 
 Besides the original American version, The Amazing Race has generated several versions from around the world.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 The financial crisis of 2007–2008 was a major financial crisis, the worst of its kind since the Great Depression in the 1930s.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 Until the COVID-19 recession, the financial crisis of 2007-2008 is considered the worst financial crisis during the 21st century.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 In September 2008 many large financial firms in the United States collapsed, merged, or went under conservatorship (a person is assigned to manage a company when it cannot manage itself).
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 The factors that led to the crisis were reported in business journals many months before September 2008.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 From 1997 until 2006, people bought expensive houses, even though they did not have enough money for it.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 Because they had a lot of money, the loaning companies made it easier to get a loan, even if the borrower didn't have a good credit history.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 The loaning companies changed their loans so that they would have low interest at first and then increase later.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 Many people with subprime loans also took these adjustable-rate mortgages, hoping that the good price of housing would help them refinance later.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 While the housing prices were still high, many American and European companies, including banks, invested in subprime loans.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 These investments gave more money to the loaning companies, who used it to give out more subprime loans.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 The value of many homes dropped below the value of the remaining mortgage debt, so the owners were unable to sell and move away.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 This caused the number of foreclosures on homes to increase, meaning that many people lost their homes.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 The homeowners with subprime loans left their houses with less value than they had when they were bought, which meant that the loans were worth more money than the house.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 Total financial losses from lost economic activity and stock market declines have been estimated at $15 trillion.
Financial crisis of 2007–2008 
 Stern on Finance - Understanding the Financial Crisis (follow link to research blog run by Stern faculty members)
Detritivore 
 A detritivore (also known as decomposers) is an animal that feeds on dead organisms (living things) and breaks them down into smaller molecules.
Detritivore 
 Detritivores are essential in the ecosystem as they return important materials such as carbon (see carbon cycle) back into the environment.
Detritivore 
 Examples of common detritivores include earthworms and woodlice, but also includes microscopic (things that can only be seen using a microscope) bacteria.
Carbon cycle 
 The main ways that carbon gets into the carbon cycle are volcanoes, and the burning of fossil fuels like coal and gas.
Carbon cycle 
 Through most of history, volcanoes were the biggest source of carbon to the carbon cycle, but in the last hundred years, people burning fossil fuels have been adding about a hundred times more CO2 to the air than volcanoes.
Carbon cycle 
 That is, for every ton of CO2 added to the air by volcanoes, about 100 tons of CO2 have been added to the air by people.
Carbon cycle 
 Sediment turns to rock, and it is the carbonate rocks like limestone which contain the now-solid CO2.
Carbon cycle 
 Some of the carbon from plants also becomes part of the soil, where it can stay for a long time before decomposing.
Carbon cycle 
 The store of carbon in sedimentary rock is far greater than the CO2 in the atmosphere (this is not shown in the diagram).
Carbon cycle 
 The concentration of carbon in living matter (18%) is almost 100 times greater than its concentration in the earth (0.19%).
Carbon cycle 
 An example of a route carbon takes in this cycle is carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants and used in photosynthesis to produce sugars which the plant uses for energy.
Carbon cycle 
 When the plant dies, it decomposes and the carbon stored in the plant will, over millions of years, form into coal (a fossil fuel).
Carbon cycle 
 At the moment, the carbon cycle, and how human activity is affecting it, is a big topic in international news.
Carbon cycle 
 The carbon cycle was discovered by Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier, and popularized by Humphry Davy.
Skepticism 
 Skepticism or scepticism (Greek skeptomai: to consider, to examine) refers to any view involving doubt.
Skepticism 
 The Greek Sophists of the 5th century BC, such as Protagoras of Abdera (480–411 BC), were mostly skeptics.
Skepticism 
 Gorgias (485–380 BC) said, "Nothing exists; if anything does exist, it cannot be known; if anything exists and can be known, it cannot be communicated".
Skepticism 
 In the 4th century BC Pyrrho of Elis (c360–275 BC), who travelled and studied as far as India, adopted practical skepticism.
Skepticism 
 Sextus Empiricus (c200 AD), the main authority for Greek skepticism, brought together empiricism into the basis for stating knowledge.
Skepticism 
 In Indian philosophy, the Cārvāka school thought that we should neither try to infer knowledge nor trust what other people tell us.
Skepticism 
 In Buddhism, Nāgārjuna said that nothing exists by itself, and that this idea is an important part of enlightenment.
Skepticism 
 The most important part of the argument is that unless we know something for certain, then we cannot know anything.
Skepticism 
 Others, such as the British empiricists John Locke and David Hume, would rely on our sense perception.
Skepticism 
 Skepticism is widely used as a method for research in science, and (with changes) in modern legal procedure.
Skepticism 
 Here doubt, suspending judgement, careful investigation, testing and discussion come before any statement of facts.
United States Secretary of War 
 The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration.
United States Secretary of War 
 A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789.
United States Secretary of War 
 When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution, he appointed Knox to continue serving.
United States Secretary of War 
 In 1798, the Secretary of the Navy was added to the cabinet, and the scope of this office was reduced to a general concern with the Army.
United States Secretary of War 
 The Secretary of War was replaced by the Secretary of the Army and the Secretary of the Air Force, non-Cabinet positions under the Secretary of Defense.
United States Secretary of the Navy 
 The United States Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) is the civilian head of the Department of the Navy.
United States Secretary of the Navy 
 The position was a member of the President's Cabinet until 1947, when the Navy, Army, and newly created Air Force were placed in the Department of Defense and the Secretary of the Navy was placed under the Secretary of Defense.
United States Postmaster General 
 The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence.
United States Postmaster General 
 Benjamin Franklin was appointed by the Continental Congress as the first Postmaster General, serving slightly longer than 15 months.
United States Postmaster General 
 In 1971, the United States Post Office Department was re-organized into the United States Postal Service, a special agency independent of the executive branch.
United States Postmaster General 
 Thus, the Postmaster General is no longer a member of the Cabinet and is no longer in line to be President.
White House Chief of Staff 
 The White House Chief of Staff is the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President.
Edmund Randolph 
 Edmund Jenings Randolph (August 10, 1753– September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.
John R. Steelman 
 John Roy Steelman (June 23, 1900 - July 14, 1999) was the first Assistant to the President of the United States serving President Harry S. Truman from 1946 to 1953.
James Baker 
 James Addison Baker, III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, politician, political administrator, and political adviser.
James Baker 
 He served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush.
James Baker 
 Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration.
James Baker 
 James Baker is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas.
National Library of China 
 It has a large collection of ancient Chinese documents and books, as well as contemporary literature.
Ronaldinho 
 Ronaldo de Assis Moreira (born 21 March 1980), more commonly known as Ronaldinho, is a retired Brazilian footballer.
Denis Compton 
 Denis Compton (23 May 1918 in Hendon, Middlesex – 23 April 1997 in Windsor, Berkshire) was an English cricketer and football player.
Mark Hopley 
 Mark Hopley (born 1 May 1984) is a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership.
Formentera 
 In the middle ages Arabs governed the balearic island, then Catalans took over the island, Formentera became part of the new kingdom of Mallorca.
Menorca 
 In 1713 the British conquered Menorca but in 1781 the Spanish recovered it in the American Revolutionary War.
Sajid Mahmood 
 Sajid Iqbal Mahmood (born 21 December 1981 in Bolton, Greater Manchester) is an English cricketer of Pakistani Janjua Rajput descent.
Sajid Mahmood 
 He is a right-arm fast bowler who plays international cricket for England and county cricket for Lancashire.
Flag of Sri Lanka 
 The Flag of Sri Lanka, also called the Lion Flag, consists of gold lion passant, holding a sword in its right fore paw, in front of a crimson background with four golden bo leaves in each corner.
Flag of Sri Lanka 
 Around the background is a yellow border, and to its left are two vertical stripes of equal size in saffron and green, with the saffron stripe closest to the lion.
Flag of Sri Lanka 
 It became the flag in 1950 following the recommendations of a committee appointed by the 1st Prime Minister of Sri Lanka D.S. Senanayake.
RC4 
 In cryptography, RC4 (also known as ARC4 or ARCFOUR meaning Alleged RC4, see below) is one of the most common software stream ciphers.
RC4 
 It is used in popular protocols like Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) (to protect Internet traffic) and WEP (to secure wireless networks).
RC4 
 RC4 is known for being simple and quick, but attacks are likely to happen when the start of the output keystream is not removed, or one keystream is used twice; some ways of using RC4 can turn into very insecure cryptosystems such as WEP.
RC4 
 While its official name is "Rivest Cipher 4", the RC abbreviation is also known to stand for "Ron's Code" (see also RC2, RC5 and RC6).
RC4 
 RC4 was first created as a trade secret, but in September 1994 a description of it was posted to the Cypherpunks mailing list.
RC4 
 The code was confirmed to be genuine(not fake) as its output matched that of proprietary software using licensed RC4.
RC4 
 RC4 is often referred to as "ARCFOUR" or "ARC4" (meaning Alleged RC4, because RSA has never officially released the algorithm), to avoid possible trademark problems.
RC4 
 It has become part of some commonly used encryption protocols and standards, including WEP and WPA for wireless cards and TLS.
RC4 
 The two main reasons which helped its use over such a big range of applications are its speed and simplicity.
RC4 
 The RC4 encryption algorithm is started with a different key length, usually between 40 and 256 bits, using the key-scheduling algorithm (KSA).
RC4 
 Once this has been completed, the stream of encrypted bits is created using the pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA).
RC4 
 RC4 fails the standards set by cryptographers for a secure cipher in many ways, and is not recommended for use in new applications as there are a lot of methods of attacking RC4.
RC4 
 AK, an early June 2008 computer virus for Microsoft Windows, which takes documents hostage for ransom by obscuring them with RC4 and RSA-1024 encryption
RC4 
 Where a cryptosystem is marked with "(optionally)", RC4 is one of several ciphers the system can be set to use.
RC4 
 TEA, Block TEA also known as eXtended TEA and Corrected Block TEA - A family of block ciphers that, like RC4, are designed to be very simple to implement.
General Electric 
 It was created in 1892 by Thomas Edison through merging several companies that initially made electrical things.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 In cryptography, Blowfish is a keyed, symmetric block cipher, made in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and since 1993 has been included(put together) in a large number of encryption products.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Blowfish has a good encryption rate in software and until 2008 no cryptanalytic attack model of it has been found.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Schneier made Blowfish as a general-purpose algorithm, to be used as a replacement for the old DES algorithm and to remove the problems and difficulties of other encryption algorithms.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Each new key needs to be pre-processed which takes the same time as encrypting about 4 kilobytes of text, which is very slow compared to other block ciphers.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 This stops its use in certain applications (such as in the smallest embedded systems like the early smartcards), but it is not a problem in other applications.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 In one of the applications, it is actually good: the password-hashing method used in OpenBSD uses an algorithm that comes from Blowfish which makes use of the slow key schedule; the idea is that the extra computational effort required gives protection against dictionary attacks.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 In 1996, Serge Vaudenay found a known-plaintext attack needing 28r + 1 known plaintexts to break, where r is the number of rounds.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Moreover, he also found a class of weak keys that can be detected and broken by the same attack with only 24r + 1 known plaintexts.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 This attack cannot be used against the regular Blowfish; it assumes knowledge of the key-dependent S-boxes.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Vincent Rijmen, in his Ph.D. papers, introduced a second-order differential attack that can break four rounds and no more.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 However, in 2007, Bruce Schneier noted that while Blowfish is still in use, he recommended using the new Twofish algorithm instead
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Vincent Rijmen, "Cryptanalysis and design of iterated block ciphers", doctoral dissertation, October 1997.
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Bruce Schneier, The Blowfish Encryption Algorithm—One Year Later,  Dr. Dobb's Journal,  20(9), p. 137, September 1995 .
Blowfish (cipher) 
 Serge Vaudenay, "On the weak keys of Blowfish," Fast Software Encryption (FSE'96), LNCS 1039, D. Gollmann, Ed.,
Hal Colebatch 
 Sir Harry Pateshall Colebatch (29 March 1872 – 12 February 1953) was the 12th Premier of Western Australia from 17 April to 17 May 1919.
Hal Colebatch 
 This was because he was a member of the upper house of Parliament and it was usual for the Premier to be from the lower house.
Henry Lefroy 
 Sir Henry Bruce Lefroy (24 March 1854 – 19 March 1930) was the 11th Premier of Western Australia from 28 June 1917 to 17 April 1919.
Henry Lefroy 
 Labor politicians led by John Scaddan agreed to join the Nationalist Party if Lefory was the leader, not Frank Wilson.
Henry Lefroy 
 When it was discovered that he had used his casting vote in a Cabinet meeting to keep the leadership, he was forced to resign.
Chevvy Pennycook 
 Chevvy Pennycook (born 6 April 1987 in Bristol, England) is a rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership.
John Scaddan 
 John Scaddan (4 August 1876 – 21 November 1934) was the 10th Premier of Western Australia from 7 October 1911 to 27 July 1916.
John Scaddan 
 He was only 35 when he won a record majority of seats in the 1911 elections, making him the youngest premier of Western Australia.
John Scaddan 
 They later moved to Eaglehawk, near Bendigo where Scaddan worked in the gold mines and studied to be an engine driver.
John Scaddan 
 He was elected to parliament in 1904 where he became famous for his long speeches, some going for me than three hours.
John Scaddan 
 He believed that the government should own and control businesses and he set up state owned shipping lines, brickworks, sawmills, trams, abattoirs, fishing, quarries and even a hotel.
John Scaddan 
 While many of these were well run, many were not, and a costly failure at the Wyndham freezing works led to a loss of support.
John Scaddan 
 When one ALP member disappeared, and another resigned in 1916, the Country Party were able to form a new government with help from the Liberal Party.
John Scaddan 
 When the Labor Party split on conscription, Scaddan who supported it, joined the new National Labor Party.
John Scaddan 
 He felt Western Australia was not treated fairly by the government of Australia, and was on a committee which looked at how Western Australia could become an independent country.
Frank Wilson 
 Frank Wilson (12 May 1859 – 7 December 1918) was the 9th Premier of Western Australia from 16 September 1910 until 7 October 1911 and then again from 27 July 1916 until 28 June 1917.
Frank Wilson 
 He was a member of the various conservative political parties which were formed in Western Australia, including the Liberal Party, the Liberal League, and the Ministerialist Party.
Frank Wilson 
 He lost this support when the Country Party was able to form a National Party to support the war effort.
Newton Moore 
 Sir Newton James Moore (17 May 1870 – 28 October 1936) was the 8th Premier of Western Australia from 7 May 1906 until 16 September 1910.
Newton Moore 
 After the war he was elected to the British House of Commons, taking over former Australian Prime Minister Sir George Reid's seat.
Newton Moore 
 In his first speech to the parliament he said that women should be able to become members of parliament.
Mathew Turner 
 Mathew Turner (born 18 January 1988 in Cape Town) is a South African rugby union player for Bristol Rugby in the Guinness Premiership.
Andrew Card 
 Andrew Hill "Andy" Card Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist, former United States Cabinet member, and head of George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group.
Andrew Card 
 Card served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under George H. W. Bush and the White House Chief of Staff under his son.
Eton College 
 The school is one of the original nine English "public schools" as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868.
Eton College 
 It is one of four such remaining boys' public schools (the others being Winchester College, Harrow School, and Radley College).
Eton College 
 The list of graduates includes twenty former prime ministers, including David Cameron and Boris Johnson.
Eton College 
 The Good Schools Guide called the school "the number one boys' public school", adding "The teaching and facilities are second to none".
PuTTY 
 PuTTY is a terminal emulator application which can act as a client for the SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw TCP computing protocols.
PuTTY 
 The word "PuTTY" has no meaning, though 'tty' is  sometimes used to refer to the Unix terminals, as an acronym for 'teletype'.
PuTTY 
 PuTTY was first written for Microsoft Windows, but it has been ported to other operating systems including some Unix-like platforms.
PuTTY 
 Mac OS and Mac OS X are still being ported, while unofficial ports have been ported it to the Symbian and Windows Mobile operating systems.
PuTTY 
 Control over port forwarding with SSH (local, remote or dynamic port forwarding), including built-in handling of X11 forwarding.
PuTTY 
 ExtraPuTTY (Portable PuTTY for USB sticks,TestStand Step, Win32 API,PuTTY Communications in a Microsoft Windows™ DLL ....)
Secure copy 
 Secure Copy or SCP is a method of securely transferring computer files between a local and a remote host or between two remote hosts, using the SSH protocol.
SSH file transfer protocol 
 In computing, the SSH File Transfer Protocol (sometimes called Secure File Transfer Protocol or SFTP) is a network protocol that implements file transfer between computers.
SSH file transfer protocol 
 It is often used as more secure alternative of an FTP protocol, which transmits file contents, folder contents and even passwords without encryption.
SSH file transfer protocol 
 SFTP protocol is built on top of SSH protocol which is used as a transport layer over the port 22 and is implemented by an SSH server such as OpenSSH.
SSH file transfer protocol 
 It is also different from FTPS, which used SSL to encrypt the connection itself, rather than sending the data through an SSH tunnel.
SSH file transfer protocol 
 Access to the SFTP server can be granted either through a username, a password or by using a  public key.
Computer security 
 Computer security  is a branch of information technology known as information security which is intended to protect computers.
Computer security 
 An example of complexity and pervasiveness of the issue is vending machines, per Hackers Lurking in Vents and Soda Machines April 7, 2014 New York Times.