the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Benalla, Victoria 
 Benalla is widely known for it's annual 'Wall to Wall' festival which sees many tourists through the area to visit the wall art.
Benalla, Victoria 
 One of the men with him, a convict named James Taylor, was drowned while trying to cross the Broken River.
Benalla, Victoria 
 The Reverend Joseph Docker (1793 - 1865) started a farm called "Benalta" in 1838 but later settled on the run Bontherambo, near Wangaratta.
Benalla, Victoria 
 Seven men, working for farmers George and William Faithfull, were killed by the aborigines at Winding Swamp on April 11 1838.
Zupaysaurus 
 Zupaysaurus was a dinosaur that lived in South America 213 million years ago, during the Upper Triassic period.
Zupaysaurus 
 During the Triassic period, all the continents were connected to form the supercontinent of Pangaea, and animals could migrate freely between them.
Hypsilophodon 
 It lived 125 million years ago, was 2.3 metres long (7/8 feet), including tail, and weighed about the same as a man.
Hypsilophodon 
 Later it was realised to be a different species, and to be a running dinosaur, not adapted for climbing.
Hypsilophodon 
 Its entire body was built for running; a light-weight, low, aerodynamic posture, long legs and stiff tail for balance.
Hypsilophodon 
 Hypsilophodon fed on low-growing vegetation, most likely preferring young shoots and roots in the manner of modern deer.
Hypsilophodon 
 The structure of its skull, with the teeth set far back into the jaw, strongly suggests that it had cheeks, an advanced feature that would have facilitated the chewing of food.
Hypsilophodon 
 There were twenty-eight to thirty ridged teeth in the animal's jaw which, due to their alternate arrangement, appear to have been self-sharpening.
Hypsilophodon 
 As in almost all dinosaurs and certainly all the ornithischians, the teeth were continuously replaced.
Hypsilophodon 
 The level of parental care in this dinosaur has not been defined, although a neatly-arranged nest has been found, suggesting that some care was taken before hatching.
Hypsilophodon 
 For these reasons, the hypsilophodonts, particularly Hypsilophodon, have often been referred to as the "deer of the Mesozoic".
Hypsilophodon 
 Also, although it had a beak, Hypsilophodon still had pointed triangular teeth in the front of the jaw.
Hypsilophodon 
 Most herbivorous dinosaurs had, by this stage, lost the front teeth altogether (although there is some debate as to whether these teeth may have had a specialized function in Hypsilophodon).
Hypsilophodon 
 The group Hypsilophodontidae remained the same from the Upper Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous.
Hypsilophodon 
 It is possible that this was because the animals were almost perfectly adapted to their lifestyle, therefore selective pressure, it is assumed, was low.
Dryosaurus 
 Dryosaurus was a small plant-eating ornithopod dinosaur that lived in forests of western North America around 150 million years ago.
Dryosaurus 
 Its family, the Dryosauridae, were precursors (ancestors) of the Iguanodons, and lived from the Middle Jurassic to the Lower Cretaceous.
Iguanodon 
 Iguanodon is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous period in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia.
Iguanodon 
 Discovered in 1822 and described three years later by English geologist Gideon Mantell, Iguanodon was the second dinosaur formally named, after Megalosaurus.
Iguanodon 
 Together with Megalosaurus and Hylaeosaurus, it was one of the three genera originally used to define Dinosauria.
Iguanodon 
 A large, bulky herbivore, Iguanodon is thought by some to be in the same family as the duck-billed hadrosaurs.
Iguanodon 
 The taxonomy of the genus continues to be a topic of study as new species are named or long-standing ones reassigned to other genera.
Iguanodon 
 Researchers have made informed hypotheses about  the living animal, including feeding, movement, and social behaviour.
Iguanodon 
 As one of the first scientifically known dinosaurs, Iguanodon has a small but notable place in the public's perception of dinosaurs.
Iguanodon 
 I. bernissartensis, described by George Albert Boulenger in 1881, is the type species for the genus.
Iguanodon 
 This species is best known for the many skeletons discovered in coal measures in Bernissart, Belgium in 1878.
Iguanodon 
 I. galvensis, described in 2015, is based on adult and juvenile remains found in deposits in Teruel, Spain, dating to about 126 mya.
Iguanodon 
 Because its front limbs were shorter than the hindlimbs, Mantell guessed it could move on two legs, as opposed to Owen, who thought it was quadrupedal.
Iguanodon 
 Either way, the position of the body would be more horizontal than upright, with the tail held above the ground by its ossified (bony) ligaments (they can be clearly seen on the skeleton).
Iguanodon 
 It would defend itself against predators on its hind legs, using its strong front arms and dagger-like thumbs as weapons.
Iguanodon 
 it is believed that, as with most other ornithischians, Iguanodon had some sort of cheek-like structure, muscular or non-muscular, to keep food in the mouth.
Xylem 
 Substances that xylem transports include water and minerals obtained through the plant's roots, as xylem runs from the roots to the stems and leaves.
Xylem 
 The other transport tissue is the phloem, which transports energy in the form of sugar (as well as any other chemicals) from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Xylem 
 Water is carried against gravity by the negative pressure that builds up through the process of transpiration, which is the evaporation of moisture in leaves.
Allosaurus 
 Allosaurus averaged 8.5 metres (28 ft) in length, though some remains suggest it could reach over 12 meters (39 ft).
Allosaurus 
 Its three-fingered forelimbs were smaller than its large hind legs, and the body was balanced by a long, heavy tail.
Allosaurus 
 It probably preyed on large herbivorous dinosaurs and perhaps even other predators (e.g. Ceratosaurus).
Allosaurus 
 This might be evidence of pack behavior, or just the result of lone individuals feeding on the same carcass.
Allosaurus 
 Sauropod bones with holes fitting allosaur teeth, and the presence of shed allosaur teeth with sauropod bones have been found.
Allosaurus 
 An Allosaurus tail vertebra has been found with a partially healed puncture which fits a Stegosaurus tail spike.
Allosaurus 
 Also, there is a Stegosaurus neck plate with a U-shaped wound that correlates well with an Allosaurus snout.
Allosaurus 
 It had a modestly sized skull and relatively small teeth, and was greatly outweighed by adult sauropods.
Allosaurus 
 This type of jaw would permit slashing attacks against much larger prey, with the goal of weakening the victim.
Allosaurus 
 The authors suggested that Allosaurus used its skull like a hatchet against prey, attacking open-mouthed, slashing flesh with its teeth, and tearing it away without splintering bones.
Allosaurus 
 The skull was light enough to allow attacks on smaller and more agile ornithopods, but strong enough for high-impact ambush attacks against larger prey like stegosaurs and sauropods.
Allosaurus 
 The original authors noted that Allosaurus itself has no modern equivalent, so the absence of a modern 'hatchet attacker' was not significant.
Allosaurus 
 They thought the tooth row was well-suited to such an attack, and that articulations (joints) in the skull helped to lessen stress.
Allosaurus 
 Another possibility for handling large prey is that theropods like Allosaurus were 'flesh grazers' which could take bites of flesh out of living sauropods, sufficient to sustain the predator so it did not need to kill the prey outright.
Allosaurus 
 Another idea is that ornithopods, the most common available prey, could be subdued by Allosaurus grasping the prey with their forelimbs, and then making bites on the throat to crush the trachea.
Allosaurus 
 The forelimbs were strong and capable of restraining prey, and the articulation of the claws suggests that they could have been used to hook things.
Allosaurus 
 The shape of the Allosaurus skull limited binocular vision to 20° of width, slightly less than that of modern crocodilians.
Allosaurus 
 The similar width of their field of view suggests that allosaurs, like modern crocodiles, were ambush hunters.
Allosaurus 
 Finally, the top speed of Allosaurus has been estimated at 30 to 55 kilometers per hour (19 to 34 miles per hour).
Allosaurus 
 The fossil site  known as the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry in Emery County, Utah was known in 1927, but major operations did not begin there until 1960.
Allosaurus 
 The quarry is notable for the many Allosaurus remains, the condition of the specimens, and our ignorance of its ancient origin.
Allosaurus 
 It is estimated that the remains of at least 46 A. fragilis have been found there, out of at least 73 dinosaurs.
Allosaurus 
 Suggestions as to how it arose include animals getting stuck in a bog, to becoming trapped in deep mud, to falling victim to drought-induced mortality around a waterhole, to getting trapped in a spring-fed pond or seep.
Allosaurus 
 Regardless of the cause, the great quantity of well-preserved Allosaurus remains means the animal is one of the best-known theropods.
Allosaurus 
 Individuals of almost all ages and sizes are found, from less than 1 meter (3.3 ft) to 12 meters (39 ft) long.
Allosaurus 
 Allosaurus, like Tyrannosaurus, has come to represent the quintessential large, carnivorous dinosaur in popular culture.
Allosaurus 
 By 1976, museums in eight countries on three continents had Cleveland-Lloyd allosaur material or casts.
Allosaurus 
 Allosaurus is top predator in both Arthur Conan Doyle's 1912 novel, The Lost World, and its 1925 film adaptation, the first full-length motion picture to feature dinosaurs.
Allosaurus 
 Allosaurus was used as the starring dinosaur of the 1956 film The Beast of Hollow Mountain, and the 1969 film The Valley of Gwangi.
Allosaurus 
 Gwangi is billed as an Allosaurus, though Ray Harryhausen based his model for the creature on Charles R. Knight's depiction of a Tyrannosaurus.
Allosaurus 
 Allosaurus appeared in the second episode of the 1999 BBC television series Walking with Dinosaurs and the follow-up special The Ballad of Big Al, which speculated on the life of the 'Big Al' specimen, as revealed by the numerous injuries and pathologies in its skeleton.
Ceratosaurus 
 Uniquely among theropods, Ceratosaurus had armor, in the form of small osteoderms running down the middle of its back.
Carnotaurus 
 It was a large theropod which lived in South America during the Upper Cretaceous between about 72 and 70 million years ago.
Carnotaurus 
 Although there is only one well-preserved skeleton, it is one of the best-understood theropods from the southern hemisphere.
Carnotaurus 
 The abelisaurids were a family of large theropods which lived only in the ancient southern supercontinent Gondwana.
Carnotaurus 
 It had thick horns above the eyes, a feature not seen in other carnivorous dinosaurs, and a very deep skull sitting on a muscular neck.
Carnotaurus 
 The remains include skin impressions showing a mosaic of small, non-overlapping scales about 5 mm in diameter.
Carnotaurus 
 The mosaic was interrupted by large bumps that lined the sides of the animal, and there are no hints of feathers.
Carnotaurus 
 Rivals may have fought with quick head blows, by slow pushes with the upper sides of their skulls, or by ramming each other head-on, using their horns as shock absorbers.
Carnotaurus 
 The feeding habits of Carnotaurus remain unclear: some studies suggest the animal was able to hunt down very large prey such as sauropods, while other studies find it preyed mainly on relatively small animals.
Carnotaurus 
 The most common vertebrates collected include  lungfish, turtles, crocodiles, plesiosaurs, dinosaurs, lizards, snakes and mammals.
Carnotaurus 
 It appears in the movie Dinosaur (2000), when two Carnotaurus were fighting with Iguanodon, Pachyrhinosaurus and other species.
Carnotaurus 
 And in Jurassic World 2: Fallen Kingdom (2018), when fighting a Sinoceratops and gets taken down by the iconic "Rexy" the Tyrannosaurus rex.
Carnotaurus 
 Later on in the movie, when it escapes the "Lockwood Manor" and in Michael Crichton's book "The Lost World" (1995)
Coelophysis 
 It was no more than about three feet (1 meter) tall at the hips but because of a long tail could be almost 10 feet (3 meters) long.
Coelophysis 
 There is some evidence that these animals hunted in packs, from the large numbers found together at the Ghost Ranch fossil site in New Mexico.
Coelophysis 
 At first paleontologists thought that they were two different species, but most now think that this is because Coelophysis males were larger than the females.
Coelophysis 
 Coelophysis had a long narrow head (approximately ), with large, forward-facing eyes that afforded it stereoscopic vision and as a result excellent depth perception.
Coelophysis 
 The complete sclerotic ring of a juvenile Coelophysis bauri was compared to those of reptiles and birds.
Coelophysis 
 The study found that its vision was superior to that of most lizards, and ranked with that of modern birds of prey.
Coelophysis 
 For a while, it was thought that Coelophysis were cannibalistic, because what looked like Coelophysis babies were seen in the stomach of an adult Coelophysis.
Coelophysis 
 Several specimens of "juvenile coelophysids" were actually small crurotarsan reptiles such as Hesperosuchus.
Coelophysis 
 In 1947, a substantial 'graveyard' of Coelophysis fossils was found in New Mexico, at Ghost Ranch, close to the original find.
Coelophysis 
 So many fossils together were probably the result of a flash flood, which swept away a large number of Coelophysis and buried them quickly and simultaneously.
Coelophysis 
 Since the Ghost Ranch specimens were discovered, more skeletons have been found in Arizona, New Mexico and an as-yet unconfirmed specimen from Utah, including both adults and juveniles.
Coelophysis 
 The deposits where Coelophysis was discovered date from the late Triassic, bur similar specimens have been found in the Lower Jurassic elsewhere in the world.
Dilophosaurus 
 Dilophosaurus (meaning 'double-crested lizard') was a medium-large dinosaur from 190 million years ago.
Dilophosaurus 
 Dilophosaurus has been examined several times over the years and has been put into no less than nine different theropod groups.
Dilophosaurus 
 Some of its fossils were found in terrain which was a low-lying slow-moving river system at the time.
Dilophosaurus 
 Dilophosaurus was shown in the movie When Dinosaurs Roamed America scaring off a pack of Megapnosaurus and eating an Anchisaurus.
SimCity 4 
 Another feature is "MySims" mode, a mode that lets players import their Sims from the game The Sims and add them into their city.
SimCity 4 
 Skyscrapers can be built when residential population reaches 30,000, and when commercial population reaches 45,000.
Elasmosaurus 
 It was first discovered in 1868 by a scientist named Edward Drinker Cope who accidentally put the head on the tail.
Elasmosaurus 
 It was suggested by D.M.S. Watson that their method was as surface swimmers, mostly eating with their head above water, darting down to snatch smaller fish which were feeding on plankton.
Elasmosaurus 
 Aquatic mammals operating under water all have a streamlined torpedo-shape, as did pliosaurs and ichthyosaurs.
Elasmosaurus 
 The large number of neck vertebrae is probably linked to the modest degree of flexibility between adjacent vertebrae.
Waffen-SS 
 Nazi leaders gave some SS members the job of guarding and running concentration camps (and, later, death camps).
Waffen-SS 
 In some of the concentration camps, like Auschwitz and Buchenwald, doctors of the Waffen-SS did experiments on humans.
Waffen-SS 
 After World War II, the SS were found guilty of crimes against humanity, and the SS was made illegal.
Waffen-SS 
 About a day after Allied soldiers had landed in Normandy, members of the SS Panzer Division "Hitlerjugend" shot about 18 Canadian prisoners of war in the courtyard of the Abbey Ardenne Near Caen.
Waffen-SS 
 In 1951, the Hilfsgemeinschaft auf Gegenseitigkeit der ehemaligen Angehörigen der Waffen-SS was founded in Germany.
Waffen-SS 
 The group wanted soldiers who were in the Waffen-SS to be treated the same as soldiers of the Wehrmacht (the regular German Army).
Pizzicato 
 Pizzicato means:  playing a string instrument by plucking the strings (pulling a string with the finger and letting go quickly).
Pizzicato 
 Instruments such as the violin, viola, cello and double bass are normally played with a bow, but if the composer wants the player to pluck instead of bow, the word “pizzicato” or just “pizz” is written in the music.
Pizzicato 
 When the player has to play with the bow again the word “arco” is written in the music (“arco” is the Italian word for “bow”).
Pizzicato 
 When instruments of the violin family are played pizzicato the player usually plucks the string with the index finger (pointing finger) of the right hand somewhere over the fingerboard.
Pizzicato 
 It is also possible to play pizzicato with the left hand (the hand which is normally doing the fingering).
Pizzicato 
 Stopped strings are harder, and the brilliant violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini wrote some virtuoso pieces with extremely difficult left hand pizzicato.
Pizzicato 
 Very occasionally violinists may be asked to pluck their instruments holding them down in their laps.
Pizzicato 
 It is easy to play a bowed note and then immediately a plucked note if the bowed note finished near the heel of the bow (the end where the bow is held).
Pizzicato 
 It can take a little more time to go back to bowing again because the player has to get the bow back into playing position.
Pizzicato 
 If there is a long pizzicato section then it is more comfortable to put the bow down instead of holding it in the right hand all the time.
Pizzicato 
 For example: in a waltz the cellos and violas might be accompanying  the tune with an “um-cha-cha, um-cha-cha” while the double basses just pluck on the “um” (the first beat of the bar).
Pizzicato 
 One special effect can be made by pulling the string hard and letting it go so that it snaps against the fingerboard.
Pizzicato 
 Johann Strauss wrote a Pizzicato Polka and in the 20th century Britten wrote a whole movement for pizzicato strings in his Simple Symphony.
Movement (music) 
 In the time of Haydn and Mozart the four movements were normally: a fast movement, a slow movement, a dance-like movement (minuet) and a fast movement to end the work.
Movement (music) 
 It may show this using Italian musical terms (e.g. Allegro meaning fast, Presto meaning very fast or Andante meaning a gentle walking pace).
Movement (music) 
 Sometimes an orchestra will take a minute or two to retune their instruments, especially in a symphony by Mahler or Shostakovich where one movement might be as long as 25 minutes.
Movement (music) 
 Audiences in the olden days often used to clap between movements, but usually these days they wait until the end of the work to applaud.
Worms, Germany 
 Worms (pronounced /voɐms/) is a city in southwestern Germany in the federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz).
Worms, Germany 
 The town was also very important because of Martin Luther who defended his case against the emperor Charles V in Worms.
Worms, Germany 
 wormser-dom.de, website of the Worms Cathedral with pictures (in German; click on the "Bilder" link in the left pane)
Transistor 
 The transistor was a major advancement after the triode tube, with using much less electricity, and lasting many years longer, to switch or amplify another electronic current.
Transistor 
 The transistor can be used for a variety of different things including amplifiers and digital switches for computer microprocessors.
Transistor 
 Transistors have three terminals: the gate, the drain, and the source  (on a bipolar transistor, the wires can be called the emitter, the collector, and the base).
Transistor 
 When the source (or emitter) is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, and the drain (or collector) to the positive terminal, no electricity will flow in the circuit (if you have only a lamp in series with the transistor).
Transistor 
 This is because when the gate is positively charged, the positive electrons will push other positive electrons in the transistor letting the negative electrons flow through.
Transistor 
 The transistor can also work when the gate is just positively charged, so it doesn't need to be touching the drain.
Transistor 
 An easy way to think of how a transistor works is as a hose with a sharp bend that stops the water from going through.
Transistor 
 The water is the electrons, and when you positively charge the gate, it unbends the hose, letting water flow.
Transistor 
 The basic Darlington transistor circuit is formed from two bipolar transistors wired emitter to base so they act as one transistor.
Transistor 
 One of the transistors is connected so that it controls the current to the base of the other transistor.
Transistor 
 This means that you can control the same amount of current with a very small amount of current going into the base.
Transistor 
 When the gate of a P-channel MOSFET is positively charged, electricity will flow through, this is useful for electronics that require a switch to be turned on, making it an electronic switch.
Transistor 
 In a MOSFET used as an amplifier, transistors take the flow of the drain and source, and since the source current is so much larger than the drain's current, it is common for the drain's current to rise to the value of the sources, amplifying it.
Transistor 
 Transistors are made of semiconductor chemical elements, usually silicon, which belongs to the modern Group 14 (formerly Group IV) in the periodic table of elements.
Transistor 
 Three physicists were credited with the invention of the transistor in 1947: Walter H. Brattain, John Bardeen, and William Shockley who contributed the most.
Transistor 
 If not for the transistor, devices such as cell phones and computers would be very different, or they might have not been invented at all.
Transistor 
 Transistors have been made very small (dozens of atoms wide) so that billions of them can be put into a small computer chip.
Sex toy 
 A sex toy is a device that helps humans get more pleasure when they have sex or when they masturbate.
Compsognathus 
 Compsognathus was a small carnivorous theropod dinosaur, from the end of the Jurassic period, 144 million years ago.
Compsognathus 
 Compsognathus is known from two nearly complete specimens, one from Germany (89 cm 35 in long), and another from France (125 cm 49 in long).
Compsognathus 
 The larger French specimen (MNHN CNJ 79) was discovered in 1972 in the Portland limestone, near Nice in southeastern France.
Compsognathus 
 Although originally described as a separate species called Compsognathus corallestris, others have since renamed it as another example of Compsognathus longipes.
Compsognathus 
 It is one of the few dinosaurs whose diet is known with certainty: the remains of small, agile lizards are preserved in the bellies of both specimens.
Compsognathus 
 Thomas Henry Huxley ("Darwin's bulldog"), who was a comparative anatomist, made a study of it nearly 150 years ago.
Compsognathus 
 Huxley showed that the two were almost identical, except for the front limbs and feathers of Archaeopteryx.
Compsognathus 
 He showed the basic affinity of birds and reptiles, which he united them under the title of Sauropsida.
Compsognathus 
 The remains of a lizard in the German specimen's thoracic cavity show that Compsognathus preyed on small vertebrates.
Compsognathus 
 Marsh, who examined the specimen in 1881, thought that this small skeleton inside Compsognathus belly was an embryo, but in 1903, Franz Nopcsa concluded that it was a lizard.
Compsognathus 
 Ostrom identified the remains as belonging to a lizard of the genus Bavarisaurus, which he concluded was a fast and agile runner owing to its long tail and limb proportions.
Compsognathus 
 This in turn led to the conclusion that its predators, Compsognathus, must have had sharp vision and the ability to rapidly accelerate and outrun the lizard.