the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Maxwell's equations 
 Different authors sometimes use different sign conventions for these tensors and 4-vectors (but this does not change what they mean).
Maxwell's equations 
 This changes the sign of some of F's components; more complex metric dualities can be seen in general relativity.
Henry Knox 
 Henry Knox (1750-1806) was a military leader for the Americans during the American Revolutionary War.
Henry Knox 
 Originally from Boston, Massachusetts, he was appointed Chief Artillery Officer of the Continental Army.
Henry Knox 
 He is best known for transporting cannons and other artillery from Fort Ticonderoga to Boston through icy conditions using oxen.
American Revolutionary War 
 The American Revolutionary War was a war fought between Great Britain and the original Thirteen Colonies in North America from 1775 to 1787.
American Revolutionary War 
 This happened as the British had far more lucrative colonies whilst America at the time had very little of value so they let America have its independence so they could focus on what were richer colonies.
American Revolutionary War 
 After the war ended, the Thirteen Colonies became independent, which meant that the British Empire was no longer in charge of them.
American Revolutionary War 
 They became the first 13 states of a new country see the world which they called the United States of America.
American Revolutionary War 
 The war started after years of problems between the British Empire and the colonists of North America after the French and Indian War (also called the Seven Years' War).
American Revolutionary War 
 People in the Thirteen Colonies disliked many of the actions of the British government, such as the Intolerable Acts.
American Revolutionary War 
 For many years, the British government decided the countries that could trade with the colonies instead of letting the colonies decide for themselves.
American Revolutionary War 
 This law said that colonists had to buy stamps for legal papers, newspapers, and even playing cards, as other British people did.
American Revolutionary War 
 The British sent more soldiers (who were called Red Coats by the colonists to insult them) to keep control of the colonies and they sometimes had to fight.
American Revolutionary War 
 In 1774, the British passed the Intolerable Acts to punish the colonists in Boston for the Boston Tea Party.
American Revolutionary War 
 Before the Revolutionary War, most people in America were Loyalists; but after it, most people were Patriots.
American Revolutionary War 
 Other colonial leaders, such as Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson wanted independence.
American Revolutionary War 
 Soon, the Second Continental Congress sent an Olive Branch Petition to King George III, which he rejected, and named George Washington head of the army.
American Revolutionary War 
 A few months later, the Continental Army and the British troops under William Howe fought the New York and New Jersey Campaign.
American Revolutionary War 
 Though the colonists lost New York, which the British would hold it for the rest of the war, Washington was able to hold onto most of his army.
American Revolutionary War 
 Over Christmas, 1776, Washington crossed the Delaware River and defeated the Hessians at Trenton and the British at Princeton.
American Revolutionary War 
 Between 1778 and 1781, most battles between Washington and the British were inconclusive and had no major effect militarily.
American Revolutionary War 
 The Scottish commerce raider John Paul Jones also won several naval battles for the Americans over the British, but the French Navy did most of the fighting at sea.
American Revolutionary War 
 He caused many people in the South to be Patriots instead of Loyalists and won several battles against the British.
American Revolutionary War 
 In 1781, Washington and French General Jean Rochambeau led an offensive against British troops at Siege of Yorktown in Virginia.
American Revolutionary War 
 However, the British continued to fight the French and Spanish for two years and won in India, Gibraltar and elsewhere.
American Revolutionary War 
 In the Treaty of Paris, British King George III accepted the independence of the colonies and recognized the newly-created nation as the United States of America.
American Revolutionary War 
 The treaty also gave all the land Britain claimed to own west of the Appalachians as far as the Mississippi River to the new country.
American Revolutionary War 
 The land would eventually become part of the United States and lead to the creation of 35 new states (some of them later rebelled as part of the Confederate States of America) that now make up the contiguous United States.
American Revolutionary War 
 As Is usual for 18th-century wars, casualty figures (killed/wounded/missing/captured) for the American Revolution are poorly known.
American Revolutionary War 
 Unlike American Civil War casualties, which were published in newspapers, Revolutionary War casualty reports are found in local town histories; total casualties of the Revolution are rough estimates.
Continental Army 
 The Continental Army was the fighting force of the thirteen British colonies in the American Revolutionary War.
Continental Army 
 A Legion of the United States partly replaced it in 1792, and the United States Army replaced it in 1796.
Continental Army 
 Congress elected George Washington as the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army when it was formed.
Cream cheese 
 Sometimes, it is given extra flavor by adding additional seasonings such as puréed garlic, chopped dill, or chopped olives; as well, some cream cheese has small pieces of fruit or other sweet food blended into it.
Shrewsbury 
 It is located 9 miles (14 km) east of the Welsh border and serves as the commercial centre for Shropshire and mid-Wales.
Shrewsbury 
 There is also Shrewsbury Castle, which was built  in 1074, and Shrewsbury Abbey, which was built in 1083.
Shrewsbury 
 The population of Shrewsbury is just over 71,000, making it the second largest town in Shropshire, the biggest being Telford.
Shrewsbury 
 The town has a railway station and a professional football club, Shrewsbury Town, who compete in League One.
Ludlow 
 The town, though not large, is important in its area, which includes the Welsh Marches, Wales and South Shropshire.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 The Battle of Yorktown, also called the Siege of Yorktown, fought from September 28-October 19, 1781.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 The Continental Army, led by General George Washington, won a decisive victory against the British Army, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 After the French fleet defeated a British fleet, Cornwallis was cut off and had to surrender to the French and the Continental Army.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Now France and Spain were fighting against the British, who had to move troops from North America to defend other places.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 In fact, Cornwallis had secured a commission to replace Clinton if Clinton repeated his threats to resign.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 When he saw a chance to attack the new patriot army under Major General Horatio Gates, he did so without orders nearly wiping out the Americans.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 He left American units, such as the one led by Francis Marion (called the "Swamp Fox"), in his rear.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Cornwallis decided on the community of Yorktown and his men started building defenses there in August of 1781 to wait for the Navy.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 In New York, Washington learned that the French Admiral François Joseph Paul de Grasse was sailing north from the West Indies.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Clinton warned Cornwallis in early September he would soon be facing American and French troops but promised him reinforcements by sea.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Clinton had not yet learned of the French naval victory and did not know he could not rescue Cornwallis by sea.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Just after the clash between the French and British Fleets, a smaller French squadron carrying the French army's siege artillery slipped into the Chesapeake.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Marching out of Williamsburg, Virginia the Americans and French arrived on September 28, 1781 at Yorktown.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 The Americans and French began setting up their siege operations on September 30, first on the east side.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 The Americans and French stormed two of the redoubts on October 14, forcing the British back even further.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 At the same time Cornwallis attempted to slip past the guards to Gloucester (now Gloucester Point, Virginia) across the river but was turned back by a storm.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 Finally, with no sign of relief as promised by Clinton, Cornwallis' army of 6,000 soldiers surrendered.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 In turn, Washington directed him to surrender to General Benjamin Lincoln who accepted O'Hara's sword.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 As the British stacked their guns marching out of the fortress, their band played "The World Turned Upside Down".
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 When Lord North, the British Prime Minister, received news of the surrender he cried out "Oh God, it is all over!"
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 The battles of Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781 were two major turning points in the Revolutionary war.
Battle of Yorktown (1781) 
 France and her allies continued to fight hard for two more years, but there was little fighting anymore on the American continent.
Battle of Saratoga 
 It was actually two engagements: the Battle of Freeman's Farm (September 19) and the Battle of Bemis Heights (October 7).
Battle of Saratoga 
 In Canada, General John Burgoyne submitted a plan to move down through New York and meet General Howe at Albany.
Battle of Saratoga 
 In the House of Commons Edmund Burke spoke out against the British policy of using Native American allies.
Battle of Saratoga 
 A counterattack led by Benedict Arnold pushed the British back further until they finally retreated back to Saratoga.
1189 
 January 21 – Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade
1189 
 August 29– Ban Kulin wrote "The Charter of Kulin", which become a symbolic "birth certificate" of Bosnian statehood
Horatio Gates 
 General Gates fought for the Continental Army and is credited with the decisive American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777.
Horatio Gates 
 In the earlier French and Indian War, he fought along with George Washington against the French, as an officer in the British Army.
1276 
 February – The court of the Southern Song Dynasty of China and hundreds of thousands of its citizens move from Hangzhou to Fujian and then Guangdong to get away from an invasion by the Mongol Empire.
1276 
 June – King Rudolph I of Germany starts a war with King Otakar II of Bohemia; by November, Otakar II has to give him four important pieces of land. (
1276 
 Four different men are pope in this year, as Popes Gregory X, Innocent V, and Adrian V all die in a short time.
1274 
 May 7 – The Second Council of Lyons, held by the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church convenes to consider the conquest of the Holy Land via Crusades and address the East-West Schism with the Byzantine church.
1274 
 The Council eventually approves a tithe to support efforts to conquer the Holy Land from Muslims, and reaches apparent resolution of the schism which ultimately proves unsuccessful.
1274 
 November – The diet at Nuremberg orders that all crown estates seized since the death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor be restored to Rudolph I of Germany; almost all European rulers agree, with the notable exception of King Otakar II of Bohemia, who had benefited greatly by conquering or otherwise coming into possession of many of those lands.
1274 
 Pope Gregory X decrees that conclaves (meetings during which the electors have no contact with the outside) should be used for papal elections, reforming the electoral process which had taken over three years to elect him.
1433 
 The Ming dynasty in China disbands their navy, altering the balance of power in the Indian Ocean, making it easier for Portugal and other Western naval powers to gain dominance over the seas.
1435 
 September 21 – Peace of Arras between Charles VII of France and Philip III of Burgundy, ending the English-Burgundian alliance.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) () is the university of Düsseldorf, Germany, named after the most famous son of Düsseldorf, the poet Heinrich Heine.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 In the era of Napoleon Bonaparte there was the first university in Düsseldorf, which ended after Napoleon surrendered.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 So in the further 19th century there was only a Medical Academy and the famous Arts School of Düsseldorf and a Teacher Academy (Special University only for studying to became a teacher) until the 1970s, but no regular university, in Düsseldorf.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 In the 1960s the state government of North Rhine-Westphalia decided to have a regular university in the state's capital.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 It got its name only in the 1980s, because the medicine faculty wanted to have a physician's name, because of the tradition as Medical Academy.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 Currently the Heinrich-Heine-University is a university with about 20,000 students, which is middle-class in Germany.
Heinrich-Heine-University 
 The deep points are on biological-medicinal research in sciences and some deep points in arts, economics, political sciences, and philosophy.
1239 
 September 21 – Peace of Arras between Charles VII of France and Philip III of Burgundy, ending the English-Burgundian alliance.
Siberian tiger 
 In 2017, the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes all the tiger populations in mainland Asia as P. t. tigris.
Siberian tiger 
 To keep themselves from becoming cold in the winters, Siberian tigers have thicker fur coats than tigers which live in southern Asia.
Siberian tiger 
 Male tigers' territories will usually cross those of several females' territories, but will usually not cross the territories of other males.
Siberian tiger 
 Since Siberian tigers live in such cold regions, an adult needs to eat at least  of food every day to survive, but adults can eat as much as 50 kilograms of meat.
Siberian tiger 
 While hunting, a Siberian tiger can run faster than , but running at this speed takes a lot of energy, so the Siberian tiger will only run short distances.
Siberian tiger 
 The Siberian tiger has good night vision and likes to hunt during the night, when it can more easily surprise its prey.
Siberian tiger 
 Females are pregnant for around three to three and a half months before giving birth to their cubs in early spring.
1455 
 May 22 – Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans – Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat the Lancastrians under Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset, who is killed.
Audio cassette 
 Cassettes have a tab in the upper left corner that can be removed to prevent accidentally recording over the tape.
Audio cassette 
 Tapes longer than 60 minutes (30 minutes per side), and especially those longer than 90 minutes (45 minutes per side), tend to be fragile and more likely to break or get jammed inside the player.
Audio cassette 
 In the 1990s, CDs became more popular than cassettes for prerecorded music, however the cassette remained the most popular format for homemade recordings until CD recorders became affordable in the early 2000s.
Audio cassette 
 There are four types of cassettes, each using a different magnetic particle bonded to the plastic tape stock.
Audio cassette 
 Type I - Ferric - Type I was the original cassette formulation and is made from rust-like ferric oxide particles.
Audio cassette 
 Type I tapes have strong, high-quality bass and midrange, but less treble response than the other types.
Audio cassette 
 Type II - CrO2 and cobalt - Type II tapes are made from chromium dioxide or a mixture of cobalt and ferric oxide particles.
Audio cassette 
 Type II tapes have good treble response, and acceptable bass response, although the bass is not as strong as Type I.
Audio cassette 
 They consist of a layer of ferric tape for strong bass, and a layer of chromium dioxide tape for strong treble.
Audio cassette 
 In 2011, the Oxford English Dictionary attempted to remove the word "cassette tape" from a small version of its book.
Audio cassette 
 Cassettes are still popular with some audiophiles, as it is an analog format that is portable and more convenient than vinyl.
1694 
 December 28 – Queen Mary II of England dies; King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland is now sole ruler after his co-ruler's death.
1290 
 March 1 – The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308.
1290 
 July 18 – King Edward I of England banishes all Jews (numbering about 16,000) from Britain; Jews traditionally hold that this event occurs on Tisha B'Av, a sorrowful Jewish holiday.
1290 
 December – The twelve Eleanor crosses are erected between Lincolnshire and London in England as King Edward I mourns the death of his queen consort Eleanor of Castile.
1290 
 The second of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed under king Edward I of England, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church.
1290 
 The statute Quia Emptores is also passed, reforming the feudal system of land leases and allowing the sale of fee simple estates.
1290 
 King Denis of Portugal decrees that Portuguese be the official language of Portugal, replacing classical Latin in that capacity.
Fight Club 
 The story is about an unnamed character's path during a dark form of personal enlightenment (or eternal happiness) which is achieved primarily through fighting.
Fight Club 
 Some would think that the morals and life guidelines taught in the story would be an extreme form of Buddhism, such as the idea of detachment from material possessions (things).
Top of the Pops 
 It was hosted by many presenters over the years, most notably by Sir Jimmy Savile, who opened the very first show on New Year's Day 1964 on BBC1.
Top of the Pops 
 However, it featured a collection of archive performances by artists spanning the past four decades.
Trinidad and Tobago 
 Before that, it was ruled by the U.K.  Right now, the head of state (person who is in charge of the country) is Ms Paula-Mae Weekes.
Trinidad and Tobago 
 The head of government (person who is in charge of the government) are Prime Minister Keith Rowley and President Paula-Mae Weekes.
Trinidad and Tobago 
 There are people who are children of Africans, Europeans, Arabs, Indians, and Chinese who moved to the islands a long time ago.
Mount St. Helens 
 It is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc in the Pacific Ring of Fire that includes over 160 active volcanos.
Mount St. Helens 
 Mount St. Helens was first called Louwala-Clough, which means "smoking" or "fire mountain" in the language of the Native American Klickitat people.
Mount St. Helens 
 In 1982, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and the United States Congress made the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, a 110,000 acre (445 km²) area around the volcano that is also a part of the Gifford Pinchot National Forest.
Mount St. Helens 
 The 1980 eruption was the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in the history of the United States.
Mount St. Helens 
 57 people were killed; 250 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles of railways, and 185 miles of highway were destroyed.
Mount St. Helens 
 This caused the eruption, which reduced the height of the mountain's summit from  to  and replacing it with a  wide horseshoe-shaped crater.
Mount St. Helens 
 The peak rose more than 5,000 feet (1,525 m) above its base, where it rises from the ridges that are around it.
Mount St. Helens 
 It stood out from the surrounding hills because of the symmetrical cone shape and the snow that covered the top.
Mount St. Helens 
 Because of its cone-shape, it was called the "Mount Fuji of America", after the famous Mount Fuji which is a symbol of Japan.
Mount St. Helens 
 In the months before the large eruption that took place on May 18, 1980, there were many signs of volcanic activity.
Mount St. Helens 
 On May 18, a second earthquake of magnitude 5.1 made a huge part of the north face of the volcano collapse.
Mount St. Helens 
 On the Volcanic Explosivity Index scale, the eruption was rated a five, which is the same rating of the famous Vesuvius eruption in 79 AD.
Mount St. Helens 
 For more than nine hours, ash erupted from the volcano, rising into the air for 12 to 16 miles (20 to 27 km) above sea level in the air.
Mount St. Helens 
 The pyroclastic flow of heated rocks and gas that poured out of the Volcano spread over an area of over 230 square miles (600 km²), destroying plants and buildings.
Mount St. Helens 
 The ash spread east at about 60 miles per hour (95 km/h), with some ash reaching Idaho by about 12:00 pm, almost 3.5 hours after the eruption.
Mount St. Helens 
 As well as the effect of the fast-moving hot gasses and stones from the explosion, the collapse of the northern side of Mount St. Helens caused lahars, or volcanic mudflows.
Mount St. Helens 
 The lahars went many miles down the Toutle and Cowlitz rivers, destroying bridges and killing many trees.
Mount St. Helens 
 A total of 3.9 million cubic yards (3.0 million m³) of material was carried 17 miles (27 km) south into the Columbia River by the lahars.
Mount St. Helens 
 The collapse of the north side of the volcano shortened St. Helens' height by about 1,300 feet (400 m) and left a volcanic crater one to two miles (1.6 to 3.2 km) wide and half of a mile (800 m) deep.
Mount St. Helens 
 killed 57 people, nearly 7,000 game animals (deer, elk, and bear), and about 12 million fish from a fish farm.
Mount St. Helens 
 Between 1980 and 1986, more volcanic activity continued at Mount Saint Helens, with a new lava dome made in the crater.
Mount St. Helens 
 From December 7, 1989 to January 6, 1990, and from November 5, 1990 to February 14, 1991, the volcano erupted with sometimes huge clouds of ash.
Mount St. Helens 
 Magma bubbles came to the top of the volcano on about October 11, 2004, and a new lava dome was made on the first dome's south side.
Mount St. Helens 
 Several new features were seen, such as the "whaleback," which is solid magma being pushed to the top of the volcano by magma under it.
Mount St. Helens 
 On July 2, 2005, the tip of the whaleback broke off, and a rockfall sent ash several hundred meters into the air.
Mount St. Helens 
 Mount St. Helens showed important new activity on March 8, 2005, when a 36,000-foot (11,000 m) plume of steam and ash came from the volcano.
Mount St. Helens 
 This fairly small eruption took place because of a new lava dome being formed and a 2.5 magnitude earthquake.
Mount St. Helens 
 About half the size of a football field, the large volcanic rock was being moved up as fast as 6 feet (2 m) per day.
Mount St. Helens 
 In mid-June 2006, the slab had rockfalls very often, but was still being pushed up from inside the volcano.
Mount St. Helens 
 The resulting collapse and avalanche sent an ash plume 2,000 feet (610 m) over the crater, although it quickly disappeared.
Mount St. Helens 
 On December 19, 2006, a large white plume of steam was seen, and some journalists from the media thought there had been a small eruption.
Mount St. Helens 
 However, the Cascades Volcano Observatory of the United States Geological Survey says that there was no large ash plume, so it could not have been an eruption.
Oder-Neisse line 
 The Oder-Neisse line (named after the Oder and Neisse rivers) is the border between Germany and Poland since the end of the Second World War.
Oder-Neisse line 
 Previously, the German Empire had to cede the former Prussian provinces of Posen and Westpreußen, as well as parts of upper Silesia, to the newly founded Polish state after the First World War in 1919.