the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Koala 
 Unlike humans who sweat and other animals, which either pant or lick their fur to stay cool, koalas reduce their body heat by hugging a tree.
Koala 
 The temperature of the trunks of certain trees is up to 9 degrees Celsius lower than the air temperature.
Koala 
 Koalas live alone most of the time, but they have a social hierarchy with the other koalas who live near.
Koala 
 After a pregnancy of 35 days, the newly born koala is about a quarter of an inch long, and is born with no ears, eyes, or hair.
Koala 
 After 12 months the young koala is old enough that it does not go into its mother's pouch or need milk anymore.
Koala 
 Young koalas usually leave their mothers when they are 18 months old, but if their mother does not have another baby they sometimes stay for up to three years.
Koala 
 Koalas become mature when they are about two years old, but they often have their first baby after another two years.
Koala 
 But there are also places, such as French Island (Victoria), with too many koalas that eat too much.
Koala 
 A study looking at koala numbers at 1800 sites for 20 years, shows that the number of koalas is falling.
Koala 
 The study, by the Australian Koala Foundation, estimates that there are only about 50,000 koalas left.
Koala 
 there is over 500 types of gum trees in the world, however, koalas only eat 4-6 types that they prefer.
Koala 
 Koalas on French Island do not have the disease, and so groups of them are often moved to the mainland to repopulate some areas.
Koala 
 The disease can cause blindness, pneumonia, urinary tract infections and reproductive tract infections.
John Adams (composer) 
 After he had graduated he packed all his belongings into his Volkswagen and drove all the way across the United States to California where he got a job as a forklift operator.
John Adams (composer) 
 At times the music is made to sound like a harmonium instrument, but the title also refers to "harmony", showing that he is writing tonal music unlike some modern composers at the time whose music was getting harder and harder to understand because it was not in any key.
John Adams (composer) 
 This last piece is music from his opera Nixon in China which was widely performed but made some people angry because the Chinese leaders Chou En-lai and Mao Tse-tung are shown as human beings who deserve a certain amount of sympathy.
Handcuffs 
 Handcuffs are a type of restraint, often used by police to ensure suspects cannot escape or hurt anyone.
Handcuffs 
 Handcuffs cannot be removed without the right key, and a handcuffed person cannot move their wrists more than a short distance apart.
Handcuffs 
 Handcuffs can be made from different metals, including carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminium, or from synthetic polymers.
Handcuffs 
 These are also used with a peg, but here it is inserted into a slot and moved sideways to engage the lock.
Handcuffs 
 In recent years, airlines have started to carry plastic handcuffs to restrain troublesome passengers.
Handcuffs 
 This is because they cannot be loosened, and have to be cut off to let a restrained person be fingerprinted, or to use the bathroom.
Handcuffs 
 However, this usage means that cheap handcuffs are used in times where steel ones would normally be unused for long times.
Handcuffs 
 These are more expensive than traditional plastic restraints, since they can only be used for a small number of times, and are not as strong.
Handcuffs 
 In addition, many people think plastic restraints are more likely to cause nerve or soft-tissue damage to the wearer than metal handcuffs.
Handcuffs 
 Sometimes the chain connecting the leg irons to each other is looped around the chain of the handcuffs, resulting in the prisoner being "hog-tied" or "hog cuffed".
Handcuffs 
 This makes the practice very controversial, and has led to it being restricted, or even banned, in many places.
Handcuffs 
 Most handcuffs today in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Latin America can be opened with the same key.
Flashlight 
 A flashlight (in North American English) or torch (in most Commonwealth countries) is a small, portable spotlight.
Flashlight 
 This was the first battery suitable for portable electrical devices, as it did not spill or break easily and worked in any orientation.
Flashlight 
 This was expensive, and once the candle was gone, you would have to buy or make a new one or be stuck in the dark.
Flashlight 
 When electricity was discovered and the light bulb was invented, David Misell, a British man working in Hubert's New York shop in 1898, came up with the idea of a light bulb that you could take with you, anywhere you wanted to go.
Discrimination 
 Discrimination is when a person is treated unfairly or badly because the person is one of a particular group.
Discrimination 
 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that all persons must be protected against any kind of discrimination, or even its inciting.
Discrimination 
 A person might be discriminated against because of their race, age, sex, politics, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, the way they look, a past criminal record, the person's lifestyle, their choice of clothing, their age or their disabilities whether they are a member of or fit in with a social clique (group), social class, social status or caste, and many other reasons.
Discrimination 
 It can include being fired from a job, not being able to be hired for a job, being paid less money than others at the same job, being refused a home or apartment, teasing, harassment, or simply being treated differently than other people.
Discrimination 
 In some countries, discrimination against somebody on the basis of race, sex, religion, sexual orientation, age, or disability is illegal.
Discrimination 
 Even in those countries where discrimination is unlawful, it still takes place for reasons not covered by the law.
Discrimination 
 In some other countries, discrimination against somebody is legal or even official government policy.
Discrimination 
 This especially takes place in countries in which there is an official religion, and people of other religions are discriminated against.
Ernest Rutherford 
 Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson  OM PC FRS (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British scientist.
Ernest Rutherford 
 He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work on nuclear physics, and for his theory of the structure of the atom.
Ernest Rutherford 
 Rutherford was one of the first researchers in nuclear physics, after the discovery of radiation by the French physicist Henri Becquerel in 1896.
Ernest Rutherford 
 Rutherford discovered the radioactive half-life, and the three parts of radiation which he named Alpha, Beta, and Gamma.
Ernest Rutherford 
 Rutherford's Geiger–Marsden experiment led to what we know today about the atomic structure, where the atom is a nucleus and electrons orbit around it.
Ernest Rutherford 
 In 1919, Rutherford made the world's first artificial nuclear reaction, where he put alpha particles with nitrogen gas and created particles of oxygen isotopes and protons.
Serialism 
 Serialism is a way of composing music using a series of notes in a particular order and using this to build up a whole piece of music.
Serialism 
 These series and patterns can also be applied to other parts of music (like how loud or soft it is).
Serialism 
 We can use the notes A, B, C, D and E.  We are going to make a “tune” using all these five notes, but not repeating any until all five have been used (although we are allowed to repeat the note we have just had).
Serialism 
 For example: we might have D, C, A, A, A, A, B, E.  This is what we call our “row” or “series”, although usually one would expect a row of twelve different notes.
Serialism 
 This means that instead of going up one step we go down one step, or instead of going up two steps we go down two steps etc.
Serialism 
 In 1923 the composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951) developed what he called the “twelve-tone system”.
Serialism 
 Instead of using just five notes as in our example, he used all 12 notes in the octave (5 black and 7 white notes on the piano keyboard).
Serialism 
 For example: if we start “Twinkle, twinkle little star” on a C we finish on a C at the end and the piece sounds finished.
Serialism 
 This makes the music very hard to understand and it took people a long time to get used to the sound of Schoenberg’s new music.
Serialism 
 Schoenberg, Webern & Berg are sometimes called the "Second Viennese School"-The first was Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven a hundred years before.
Serialism 
 The composers Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) and Aaron Copland (1900-1990) started to write twelve-tone music when they were quite old.
Serialism 
 Composers such as Benjamin Britten (1913-1976) used it occasionally, often putting it together with music which was tonal (listen to Britten’s opera “Midsummer Night’s Dream”).
Serialism 
 In the 1950s and 1960s some composers like Pierre Boulez (b.1925) and Karlheinz Stockhausen (b.1928) wrote music which was not only twelve-tone, but serial in other ways as well.
Serialism 
 For example: they organized levels of dynamics (from very quiet to very loud) in a series, and the lengths of notes (from very short to very long), and even timbre (the sound quality).
Serialism 
 A lot of people criticized this music, saying that it was too mathematical instead of being expressive.
Frédéric Chopin 
 Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin (1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849; pronounced SHOH-pen) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist.
Frédéric Chopin 
 A famous child prodigy, he grew up in Warsaw where he completed his music education and composed many of his mature works before leaving Poland in 1830 at age 20, shortly before the November 1830 Uprising.
Frédéric Chopin 
 After a romantic relationship with Polish women, including an abortive engagement, from 1837 to 1847 he carried on a relationship with the French writer Amandine Dupin, better known as George Sand.
Frédéric Chopin 
 Most of Chopin's works are for solo piano, though he also wrote two piano concertos, a few chamber pieces and some songs to Polish lyrics.
Frédéric Chopin 
 His piano works are often technically difficult, especially because deep expression is involved along with the importance of considering each detail in his music.
Frédéric Chopin 
 Chopin also created the instrumental ballade, along with the addition of new ideas to the piano sonata, mazurka, waltz, nocturne, polonaise, étude, impromptu, scherzo and prélude.
Frédéric Chopin 
 Both of these instruments were recreated in XXI century to help listeners to hear Chopin works played on pianos that they were written for.
Frédéric Chopin 
 Chopin suffered from poor health most of his life and died of tuberculosis in Paris in 1849 at age 39.
Mikhail Glinka 
 Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804–1857) was a Russian composer, regarded as the first to become very famous.
Mikhail Glinka 
 By the time Glinka was born Russian people in the large towns like Saint Petersburg were becoming very interested in European music.
Mikhail Glinka 
 She was always afraid he would be cold, so she wrapped him up in a fur coat in a room which was kept at 77 °F.
Mikhail Glinka 
 The only music he heard was the church bells, and the singing of the peasants (the simple people who worked on the land).
Mikhail Glinka 
 His uncle had a group of musicians who played music by European composers like Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.
Mikhail Glinka 
 Glinka met famous composers like Mendelssohn and Berlioz as well as Italian composers like Donizetti and Bellini.
Mikhail Glinka 
 He like their music, and decided he wanted to write opera as well, but he wanted to make his music sound very Russian.
Mikhail Glinka 
 The story of the opera, set in 1612, is about a poor peasant Ivan Susanin who dies to save the life of the Tsar (the Tsar was the ruler of Russia, like a king or emperor).
Mikhail Glinka 
 The man who wrote the words for him did it very quickly while he was drunk, so the story is a bit muddled, but the music is wonderful.
Mikhail Glinka 
 Glinka’s music is important because he was the first Russian composer to write music that sounded Russian.
1510 
 January 23 – Henry VIII of England, then 18 years-old, appears incognito in the lists at Richmond, and is applauded for his jousting before he reveals himself.
1510 
 December 31 – Bianca Maria Sforza, daughter of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan and wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1472)
Ellipsoid 
 An ellipsoid is a shape like a sphere, but it may be longer in one or more directions, like an egg, or a rugby ball.
Ellipsoid 
 An ellipsoid shaped like the Earth, called a reference ellipsoid, is often preferred to the geoid because it makes calculations simpler.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Liancourt Rocks (Takeshima　竹島 in Japanese, Dokdo 독도 in Korean) are a group of small islands in the Sea of Japan.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Japan has been suggesting to sort the dispute in International Court of Justice but South Korean government keeps refusing it.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The western islet is about 88,640 square meters in area; the eastern islet about 73,300 square meters.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The main islands coast lines are 217 km apart from mainland Korea and 212 km apart from main island's of Japan (Honshu).
Liancourt Rocks 
 The nearest Korean territory (Ulleung-do) is 87 km away and can be visible on fair days; the nearest Japanese territory (Oki islands) is 157 km away.
Liancourt Rocks 
 40 Korean people are staying on the islets, several Korean telecom service providers (namely SK Telecom, KT, and LG U+) have also installed stations on Liancourt Rocks to cover the islets in the South Korean wireless telephone network.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Although the islets themselves are barely habitable, the Exclusive Economic Zone surrounding them has rich fishing grounds and possible reserves of natural gas.
Liancourt Rocks 
 This area used to be one of the largest breeding grounds of sea lions (Zalophus californianus japonicus) and a good spot for hunting them and also a spot for obtaining abalone at the end of the Meiji period (1868-1912).
Liancourt Rocks 
 Because they are classified as a nature reserve, special permits are required for tourists to land on the islets rather than just circling them.
Liancourt Rocks 
 About 80 species of plants, over 22 species of birds, and 37 species of insects have been recorded on the islets, in addition to the local maritime life.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Since the early 1970s, trees and some types of flowers were planted along with the indigenous flora and fauna. (
Liancourt Rocks 
 Trees are required under international law for the islets to be recognized as natural islands rather than reefs.)
Liancourt Rocks 
 Some birds actually live on the islands, but most are just using them as a stopover to fly elsewhere.
Liancourt Rocks 
 In 1999, the islets were designated a special environmental protected area by the South Korean government.
Liancourt Rocks 
 It was announced in 2005 that three new genera and five new species of bacteria had been identified by ROK scientists in the waters off the islets.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The newly identified species are Virgilbacillus dokdoensis, Maribacter dokdoensis, Marimonas dokdoensis, Polaribacter dokdoensis, and Porphyrobacter dokdoensis.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The South Korean government has built a radar station and helicopter landing pad on the islets, enabling it to track foreign naval forces.
Liancourt Rocks 
 South Korean armed force captured 3929 and killed 44 Japanese people between 1952 and 1965 until Syngman Rhee Line was set.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The dispute between South Korea and Japan over the islands has gained heat in 2008 with new Japanese school books mentioning the islands, and a visit by the South Korean Prime Minister in July.
Liancourt Rocks 
 South Korea insists that the islet was called Usan-do or Sokdo in a past and later changed its name, but there is no historical proof which shows when the name was changed.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Rusk documents in 1951 states that "As regards the island of Dokdo, otherwise known as Takeshima or Liancourt Rocks, this normally uninhabited rock formation was according to our information never treated as part of Korea and, since about 1905, has been under the jurisdiction of the Oki Islands Branch Office of Shimane Prefecture of Japan.
Liancourt Rocks 
 512: In the 13th year of King Jijeung of Silla, Isabu, conquered the umbrella country and incorporated it into Silla territory (Records of the Three Kingdoms)
Liancourt Rocks 
 An Yong-bok, fisherman : and 1693 shogunate mourning, Japan forcibly removed and to find why in the ocean near Ulleungdo to Dokdo and Ulleung Island is Korean territory Seogye for getting (the Annals of the reign.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Takeshima in 1905 : Japan, Dokdo, (Takeshima) by Shimane and as the number 40, and that Japan will result in (Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 in November 1905, to losing sovereignty,).
Liancourt Rocks 
 In 1907 : jurisdiction of Ulleungdo and Dokdo, Gangwon Province to Gyeongsang Province in two speed.
Liancourt Rocks 
 In 1946 : gho scapin in (Allied Supreme Command) (supreme head-quarters allied command) subparagraph at 677 in accordance with the Japan excluded from control over the Dokdo.
Liancourt Rocks 
 Dokdo : in 1981, first resident registration card (Choi Jong-Duk Dodong-ri, Ulleung-eup, bought 67).
Liancourt Rocks 
 336, Dokdo a name change management guidelines, the Cultural Heritage (→ Dokdo a Dokdo algae reproduce natural resource conservation area).
Liancourt Rocks 
 Dodong-ri bought 42 : a lot number to 76 / Administrative divisions : name and number (Dodong-ri → the Eastern Island and Dokdo, (the opening. -
Liancourt Rocks 
 2005: Undesignation of 11 public areas (Dongdo) including the trail (Admission Permit System → Switch to the reporting system), and Zip Bungyeong (1-37 Mountains → 1-96 Streets)
Liancourt Rocks 
 And 2008 : Addressing the new street address 'Dokdo to Kim Isabu' and 'Dokdo An Yong-bok gil' according to changes in.
Liancourt Rocks 
 The historical facts of the Dokdo - Takeshima Island dispute between Japan and Korea Pro-Korea view by an English speaker
Liancourt Rocks 
 The International Law of Territorial Acquisition in the Japan-Korea Island Dispute, Sean Fern, Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, Volume 5 Number 1 (Winter 2005), pp.78-89  Pro-Korea view by an English speaker
Pentagram 
 During the modern age of Wicca, the word 'pentacle' acquired a second definition, due to sounding similar to the word 'pentagram', and the fact that wiccan pentacles use a pentagram.
Pentagram 
 That second definition of 'pentacle' is 'a circumscribed pentagram', which means 'a pentagram drawn inside a circle so that the points of the pentagram touch the circle'.
Pentagram 
 It stood for the five wounds that Jesus Christ received during his crucifixion (the nails in each hand and foot, and the spear wound in his side).
Pentagram 
 In Taoism, a pentagram shows how the five classical oriental elements (earth, water, wood, fire, and metal) are related.
Pentagram 
 Some post-Gardnerian wiccans, imitating Taoism, associate the five points of the pentagram with the four classical Greek elements (fire, water, earth, and air) and spirit.
Pentagram 
 Some Satanists, especially members of the Church of Satan, use an upside-down pentacle as a symbol for their religion.
Pentagram 
 The Church of Satan's official symbol is an upside-down pentacle with a goat head inside, called the Sigil of Baphomet. (
Pentagram 
 It was originally the influential 1800s French occultist Eliphas Levi who associated the pentagram with the goat-headed baphomet, by drawing a pentagram on the baphomet's forehead.
Pentagram 
 In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a 14th century romance story, the pentagram is mentioned as a symbol for Gawain's good character and truth.
Pentagram 
 According to the book, the pentagram actually belonged to the ancient religion of Pagan Sun Worship, and was tied to the female planet Venus: every 8 years Venus traces a perfect pentagram across the sky.
Pentagram 
 The book says that the pentagram was a symbol for the sacred female, but was later taken by Christianity and said to mean the devil in order to destroy beliefs that females were sacred.
Benzene 
 It is used as an additive in gasoline, plastics, synthetic rubber, dyes and it is an industrial solvent, which means it can dissolve many other chemical molecules.
Benzene 
 To account for all the bonds on a six carbon ring, there must be alternating double carbon bonds (Conjugated system):
Benzene 
 If benzene had three double bonds, three sides of its ring would be shorter than the other three sides.
Benzene 
 X-ray diffraction shows that all of six carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are of the same length of 140 picometres (pm).
Benzene 
 The C–C bond lengths are greater than a double bond (135 pm) but shorter than a single bond (147 pm).
Benzene 
 This intermediate distance is consistent with electron delocalization: the electrons for C–C bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms.
Benzene 
 One representation is that the structure exists as a superposition of so-called resonance structures, rather than either form individually. (
Benzene 
 The delocalization of electrons is one explanation for the thermodynamic stability of benzene and related aromatic compounds.
Benzene 
 It is likely that this stability contributes to the peculiar molecular and chemical properties known as aromaticity.
Benzene 
 To indicate the delocalized nature of the bonding, benzene is often depicted with a circle inside a hexagonal arrangement of carbon atoms.
Benzene 
 Realizing each carbon has 2p electrons, each carbon donates an electron into the delocalized ring above and below the benzene ring.
Benzene 
 In 1986, some chemists disputed the delocalized view of benzene in an article published in the journal Nature.
Benzene 
 They showed that the electrons in benzene are almost certainly localized to particular carbon atoms.
Benzene 
 They showed the aromatic properties of benzene come from spin coupling rather than electron delocalization.
Benzene 
 Derivatives of benzene occur sufficiently often as a component of organic molecules that there is a Unicode symbol in the Miscellaneous Technical block with the code U+232C (⌬) to represent it with three double bonds, and U+23E3 (⏣) for a delocalized version.
Tasmanian devil 
 The Tasmanian devil became extinct on the Australian mainland about 3,000 years ago - before European settlement in 1788.
Tasmanian devil 
 In the 1930s the Van Dieman's Land Company offered 25 cents for each male and 35 cents for each female killed.
Tasmanian devil 
 Devil facial tumour disease has greatly reduced the number of devils and now threatens their survival.
Tasmanian devil 
 Because the devils are all closely related (not enough genetic diversity), the tumour cells are not seen as new; so the devil's immune system does not fight it.
Tasmanian devil 
 About 60 devils without the disease have been captured and are to be kept as a tumour free group for rebreeding.
Tasmanian devil 
 New research is showing the devils are having babies earlier, they use to breed at two years, but now are breeding at one year old.
Tasmanian devil 
 Devils used to have babies every year for three years, but they are now dying before they can produce a second litter (family).
Tasmanian devil 
 A small population which carries less variation is always vulnerable to extinction, because none of the animals may be resistant to the infection.
Tasmanian devil 
 There is some hope for their survival because, since 2005, three females have been found that are partially resistant to the disease.
Joseph Haydn 
 Haydn's father made wheels for a living, and had the skills of a blacksmith, stonemason, and carpenter.
Joseph Haydn 
 One of Joseph's relatives thought that Joseph had a great singing voice and should go with him to a boarding school where he would start studying to become a priest.
Joseph Haydn 
 Haydn did not like it very much at the boarding school, but his voice developed to a point where he was selected to be a part of the Boy's Choir of the Vienna Cathedral.