the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Enzyme 
 There are thousands of different enzymes and each one is specific to the reaction which it catalyses.
Enzyme 
 Other enzymes take smaller chemicals and build them up into bigger chemicals, and do many other chemical tasks.
Enzyme 
 In 1894 Emil Fischer suggested that both the enzyme and the substrate have specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another.
Enzyme 
 Since enzymes are rather flexible structures, the active site is reshaped by interactions with the substrate.
Enzyme 
 The amino acid side-chains of the active site are bent into positions so the enzyme does its catalytic work.
Enzyme 
 In some cases, such as glycosidases, the substrate molecule also changes shape slightly as it enters the active site.
Enzyme 
 Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction by forming an intermediary complex with the substrate.
Enzyme 
 For example, sucrase, 400 times the size of its substrate sucrose, splits the sucrose into its constituent sugars, which are glucose and fructose.
Enzyme 
 They commonly increase the rate of reaction 10 billion-fold.p39 The enzyme itself is not changed by the reaction.
Enzyme 
 One enzyme molecule may convert 1000 molecules of substrate a minute, and some are known to convert 3 million in a minute.p39
Enzyme 
 Enzyme production (transcription and translation of enzyme genes) can be increased or reduced in response to changes in the cell's environment.
Enzyme 
 For example, in bacteria which are resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin, enzymes are induced which hydrolyse the penicillin molecule.
Enzyme 
 For example, fatty acids are synthesized by one set of enzymes in the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Enzyme 
 Such a regulatory mechanism is called negative feedback, because the amount of the end product produced is regulated by its own concentration.
Enzyme 
 Chymotrypsin, a digestive protease, is produced in inactive form in the pancreas and transported in this form to the stomach where it is activated.
Enzyme 
 Some enzymes may become activated when they move to a different environment (e.g. from high pH to low pH).
Enzyme 
 Denaturation is the irreversible alteration of an enzyme's active site, caused by an extreme change in temperature or pH. It will decrease the rate of reaction because the substrate molecule will not be able to fit into the active site, so products cannot be formed.
Enzyme 
 Both types of molecules sometimes contain a metal ion at the centre, such as Mg2+, Cu2+, Mn2+ or iron-sulphur clusters.
Enzyme 
 The need of enzymes for various little helpers is the basic reason why animals, including ourselves, need trace elements and vitamins.
Mountain 
 A mountain is a large natural rise of the Earth's surface that usually has a "summit" (the name for a mountain's top, which can also be called a peak).
Mountain 
 By definition, mountains are often thought of as being a hill which is higher than 600 meters (about 2,000 feet).
Mountain 
 Britannica Student Encyclopedia says that the term "mountain" usually means a rise of over 2,000 feet (610 m)".
Mountain 
 Polytechnic Student Encyclopedia says that the term "mountain" usually means a rise of over 1,000 feet (300 m)".
Mountain 
 In England, this is important  because in English law people have the "Right to Roam" in mountains, but they do not have the same right to walk on someone-else's land.
Mountain 
 Mountains are formed when rock layers in the ground are pushed from opposite sides, and by being pushed, they push the crust up.
Mountain 
 Some really complex folds are in parts of the Andes, Alps, Himalayas, Appalachians, and Russia's Ural Mountains.
Mountain 
 This form of landscape can be seen in East Africa, the Vosges, the Basin and Range province of Western North America and the Rhine valley.
Mountain 
 At a depth of around , melting occurs in rock above the slab (due to the addition of water), and forms magma that reaches the surface.
Mountain 
 When the magma reaches the surface, it often builds a volcanic mountain, such as a shield volcano or a stratovolcano.
Mountain 
 The magma does not have to reach the surface in order to create a mountain: magma that solidifies below ground can still form dome mountains, such as Navajo Mountain in the states of Utah and Arizona, in the United States.
Mountain 
 The mid-ocean ridges have big volcanic mountain chains that run through the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Mountain 
 The mountains in the mid-ocean ridges can grow tall enough to create islands such as Iceland or the Azores.
Mountain 
 Other volcanic mountains form over hot spots, pockets of magma beneath the crust which erupt onto Earth's surface.
Mountain 
 The Hawaiian Islands are the tops of really high volcanic islands that have formed over a hot spot on the sea floor.
Mountain 
 Dome mountains, like those in the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Adirondack Mountains of New York, are an unusual domish type of mountain that is formed when molten rock rises through the crust and push up the rock layers above it.
Mountain 
 They are large areas of flat topped rocks that have been lifted high above the crust by continental plates.
Mountain 
 The "height" of a mountain is measured from sea level, but the "tallness" of a mountain is measured from its base, even if under water.
Machine code 
 Machine code is what assembly code and other programming languages are compiled to or interpreted as.
Machine code 
 Using a High-level programming language allows programs that use code that is easier to read and write.
Machine code 
 Operations that combine other operations: add, compare, and copy if equal to some value(as one operation), jump to some point in the program if a register is zero.
Machine code 
 Operations that convert data types: e.g. convert a 32-bit integer to a 64-bit integer, convert a floating point value to an integer (by truncating).
Machine code 
 Instructions are patterns of bits that correspond to different commands that can be given to the machine.
Machine code 
 Thus, the instruction set is specific to a class of processors using (mostly) the same architecture.
Machine code 
 Newer processor designs often include all the instructions of a predecessor and may add additional instructions.
Machine code 
 Sometimes, a newer design will discontinue or alter the meaning of an instruction code (typically because it is needed for new purposes), affecting code compatibility; even nearly completely compatible processors may show slightly different behavior for some instructions, but this is rarely a problem.
Machine code 
 Systems may also differ in other details, such as memory arrangement, operating systems, or peripheral devices.
Machine code 
 Because a program normally relies on such factors, different systems will typically not run the same machine code, even when the same type of processor is used.
Area 
 Areas of regular shapes such as square, rectangle, triangle and circle can be calculated through formulas.
Air space 
 The air traffic controllers make sure the planes go in the right place and do not hit each other or something else.
Swamp cooler 
 Swamp coolers are simple type of air conditioning device that can cool a room of a house or a car by using the cooling effect of the evaporation of water.
Swamp cooler 
 Swamp coolers can cool the air temperature in a small space by drawing the air through wet pads (some are made of aspen wood) using an electric fan.
Saskatoon 
 The South Saskatchewan River flows through the centre of the city and many people enjoy boating, biking and walking in this area.
Saskatoon 
 The name Saskatoon [in Cree: sâskwatôn, "Saskatoon"] comes from the Cree inanimate noun misâskwatômina "saskatoon berries", which refers to the sweet, violet-coloured berry that grows in the area.
Thermometer 
 One type of thermometer is a narrow, concealed glass tube containing mercury or alcohol which extends along the tube as it expands.
Thermometer 
 In the 19th century a mechanical thermometer was in invented that used a bimetallic strip to move a pointer.
Thermometer 
 A laboratory thermometer is a tool used in laboratories, places where scientists and science techs perform experiments and measure things.
Thermometer 
 A laboratory thermometer can be put into the liquid or other thing that the scientist wants to measure.
Thermometer 
 Mercury-in-glass thermometers are less used in the 21st century because people want digital, alcohol-filled, and organic-based thermometers instead.
Thermometer 
 People put the end of this in their mouth (oral temperature), under their arm, or in their rectum (rectal temperature).
Thermometer 
 It is only possible to find oral temperatures on patients who can hold the thermometer correctly in their mouth.
Thermometer 
 In the past it was a big problem because mercury thermometers needed a long time to measure the temperature.
Thermometer 
 If a person drinks something hot or cold, one still needs to wait before testing their oral temperature.
Thermometer 
 Rectal thermometers are usually more reliable since they aren't as much influenced by other factors.
Thermometer 
 In the 1990s, people in many countries thought mercury thermometers were too risky, as mercury is dangerous if it leaks out.
Thermometer 
 There are other kinds of medical thermometers: tympanic thermometers test the temperature of the tympanic membrane (the eardrum) with infrared; band thermometers test a person's temperature on the front of their head.
Week 
 In the English language, the days of the week are named after gods in Norse mythology, except for Saturday, which is named after a Roman god.
Week 
 Depending on the law of a country, the week either starts on Monday and ends on Sunday, or starts on Sunday and ends on Saturday.
Japanese language 
 Japanese belongs to the Japonic language family, which also includes the endangered Ryukyuan languages.
Japanese language 
 Other theories about the origin of Japanese are that it is related to the Austronesian languages, the Dravidian languages, or the controversial Altaic language family.
Japanese language 
 The term used for Japanese as a course of study by citizens is "kokugo" (国語), which means national language.
Japanese language 
 The three systems are used interchangeably, and all three systems can often be found in the same sentence.
Japanese language 
 In Japanese, differences are often made by adding or changing the ending of words (using the previous example, one would say them as そうですか sou desu ka and そうです sou desu, respectively).
Japanese language 
 They are a, i, u, e, o. In IPA they are transliterated as /a/, /i/, /ɯ/, /e/, /o/; and they are pronounced in English as ah, ee, oo, eh, oh.
Japanese language 
 Lengthening a vowel can change the meaning of the word: ojisan (おじさん, uncle) and ojiisan (おじいさん, grandfather).
Japanese language 
 Japanese has a sound that is like the English l, but it is also like the English r. (That is why it can be difficult for many Japanese when to learn to make both sounds when they speak English.)
Japanese language 
 This sound appears in "tsunami" (つなみ), the Japanese word for large ocean waves caused by earthquakes or extreme weather.
Japanese language 
 When foreigners speak Japanese, it is important they know how formal they must be when they speak to people you may or may not know.
Japanese language 
 In Japanese, sentences use subject-object-verb (SOV) word order, so the verb is at the end of the sentence and the subject is at the beginning.
Japanese language 
 Many sentences have no subject, and the listener can infer the subject based context and the form of a verb.
Japanese language 
 In Japanese, Japan is called Nihon (日本), and the language is called Nihongo (日本語) (-go means language).
Japanese language 
 Sometimes, the words Nippon and Nippongo are also used, but both words are now thought of as more nationalist, and Nihon is a more neutral word.
Japanese language 
 Since Japan is at the eastern edge of Asia, to observers in China, the sun rose from the direction of Japan.
Japanese language 
 Its words has a short "body," and prefixes or suffixes are easily added to change or to redefine the meaning.
Japanese language 
 The first is wago (和語), which are native Japanese words and can also be called yamato kotoba (大和言葉).
Japanese language 
 The third is gairaigo (外来語), which are loanwords borrowed from languages other than Chinese (usually English since the Second World War).
Japanese language 
 Hiragana is the standard, phonetic writing system in Japanese and is used for grammatical words or particles e.g. は、を (wa - Subject particle, o - Object Particle); words that don't have Kanji characters e.g. こんにちは (kon'nichiwa - hello); or for beginners to write Kanji.
Japanese language 
 The symbols were originally adopted from Kanji characters and have changed overtime into their distinct, rounded shapes (e.g. 以 →い).
Japanese language 
 Katakana is also a Syllabary, with each Hiragana character having a character in Katakana (e.g. あ = ア こ = コ).
Japanese language 
 Katakana is used for impact (similar to italics in English) as well as gairaigo words and direct transliterations from English e.g. メニュー (Menyuu - Menu).
Japanese language 
 Kanji is an adaptation of the Chinese logographic writing system, meaning each symbol was originally meant to look like the word it was describing.
Japanese language 
 There are multiple pronunciations for each Kanji character, categorised into On'yomi (音読み) or Kun'yomi (訓読み), depending on the word's origin.
Spice 
 Spices can also be used to hide or cover up bad tastes in the food, because it is rotten or affected by fungi, e.g. marzipan.
Flavor 
 When someone remarks on the flavor of something they are trying to describe the specific way something tastes.
Flavor 
 Flavor can also be used to describe the act of adding a taste alteration (to change the taste) to something.
Flavor 
 This is usually done by adding spices or sugars, though in processed food there are oftentimes artificial (fake) flavors.
Bank 
 Certain banks deal directly with the public and they are the only ones which an ordinary person will deal with.
Bank 
 Banks may give loans to customers under an agreement to pay the money back to the bank at a later time, with interest.
Bank 
 Banks also can use the money they have from deposit accounts to invest in businesses in order to make more money.
Bank 
 The word bank comes from an Italian word banco, meaning a bench, since Italian merchants in the Renaissance made deals to borrow and lend money  beside a bench.
Bank 
 The goldsmiths eventually started loaning money using the gold left to them, and also paid interest on the gold.
Bank 
 The oldest bank still in existence is Monte dei Paschi di Siena in Siena, Italy, which started in 1472.
Bank 
 Community development bank: regulated banks that provide financial services and credit to under-served markets or populations.
Bank 
 Land development bank: The special banks providing long term loans are called land development banks, in the short, LDB.
Bank 
 The main objective of the LDBs are to promote the development of land, agriculture and increase the agricultural production.
Bank 
 Credit union or Co-operative bank: not-for-profit cooperatives owned by the depositors and often offering rates more favorable than for-profit banks.
Bank 
 Typically, membership is restricted to employees of a particular company, residents of a defined area, members of a certain union or religious organizations, and their immediate families.
Bank 
 A Direct or internet-only bank is a banking operation without any physical bank branches, conceived and implemented wholly with networked computers.
Halley's Comet 
 The comet is named after Edmond Halley (1656–1742), an English astronomer, who predicted the comet's return.
Halley's Comet 
 The number of years that the comet finishes its full cycle can vary depending on the effect of another planet's gravitational pull.
Halley's Comet 
 It gave the first data on the structure of a comet nucleus and how the coma (nebulous envelope around the core or nucleus) and the tail formed.
Halley's Comet 
 This correctly predicted that Halley would be composed of a mixture of volatile ices – such as water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, – and dust.
Halley's Comet 
 For example, it is now known that the surface of Halley is mostly dusty, non-volatile materials, and that only a small portion of it is icy.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 The telescope can take pictures of things so far away it would be nearly impossible to see them from anywhere else.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 If you were going this speed on Earth, you would be able to get from New York to San Francisco in 10 minutes.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 The Hubble itself is the size of a large school bus, but still small enough to fit inside the cargo bay of a Space Shuttle.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 But there was a problem with the telescope that was not discovered until it started taking pictures.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 When the HST took its first pictures, astronomers were happy to see the images, but they were not as sharp and as crisp as expected.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 Telescopes in space can take better pictures than telescopes on Earth, but for some reason, the pictures were not better than the pictures taken on Earth.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 When an astronaut opened one of the doors on Hubble to install a new camera, the door would not close.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 Repairs and servicing missions have been made to the Hubble Space Telescope five times to keep it in orbit and make it even better as technology improved.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 The space shuttle program was kept going longer than planned to send an extra trip up to the Hubble Space Telescope for a final fix.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 In 2004, Hubble looked back several billion years to the first galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 It took the first picture of a planet outside our solar system, and was able to find what type of atmosphere other planets might have.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 Hubble has been replaced by the James Webb Space Telescope which is located even further from Earth.
Hubble Space Telescope 
 There are now other telescopes in orbit, like the Herschel Space Observatory, the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Kepler Spacecraft, which was specially made for finding Earth-like planets around other stars.
Arm 
 Some other primates have arms which they use to move around by holding onto trees or supporting themselves as they walk along the ground.
Arrow 
 For thousands of years, people all over the world have used bows and arrows for hunting and for defense.
Golf 
 Golf is a game played in an open field where the golfer plays his golf ball into a hole by using different types of clubs (golf instruments).
Golf 
 The book Rules of Golf reads "The Game of Golf consists in playing a ball from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules."
Golf 
 Golfers put the ball on a small stand called a tee and swing a club at it to try and hit it as straight and far as possible.
Golf 
 Once each golfer in the group has done this, the person whose ball landed farthest from the hole hits his again, followed by everyone else, one person at a time, until everyone is on the green.
Golf 
 Putting is similar to a regular swing except it is not as hard and the player does not want the ball to go in the air.
Golf 
 Each hole is a certain number of strokes that golfers are expected to need to get their ball into the hole.
Golf 
 The golfer with the lower number of strokes (number of times the golfer used to get his ball in the hole) wins that hole.
Golf 
 The name of woods is different every number, for example, No.1 wood is called "driver", No.2 is "brassey", No.3 is "spoon" and so on.
Golf 
 Golfers call the four (or five) biggest tournaments in professional golf "majors", and they play them at nearly the same time every year.
Spirituality 
 "Matters of the spirit" may include the meaning in a person's life (or in all life), and how to find and improve on it.
Spirituality 
 They may also include someone's search for God, the supernatural, a divine influence in their lives, or information about the afterlife, and how to best deal with each. "
Spirituality 
 Matters of the spirit" may also include how to live among others as a group, or in a certain environment.
Spirituality 
 Some who do not believe in an organized religion may still be interested in the "spirits" of humanity or of nature and live a certain way, or worship ancestors or creation because it gives them a sense of happiness to do so.
Spirituality 
 For many, this leads to a pursuit of some form of enlightenment, often through meditation, yoga, philosophy or, in some cases, a study of Metaphysics.
Spirituality 
 Many philosophers work to find answers to spiritual questions, although some may deny the existence of a 'god' or any supernatural influences.
Spirituality 
 Osho/Shri Rashneesh - Indian scholar who, while a critic of religion, worked to create a new spiritual movement
2002 
 January 1 – Euro notes and coins started to be used in France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Greece, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Austria, the Republic of Ireland, and the Netherlands.
2002 
 January 5 – A light aircraft crashes into a Tampa, Florida building, bringing fear of a repeat September 11, 2001 attacks.
2002 
 January 16 – The UN Security Council agreed to forbid selling arms to Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida, and the Taliban and freezes their assets.
2002 
 January 17 – Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo erupts, leaving about 400,000 people without a home.
2002 
 January 23 – Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Pakistan, accused of being a CIA agent.
2002 
 January 31 – A large section of the Antarctic Larsen Ice Shelf begins breaking up, eventually consuming about 3,250 km² (1,254 miles²) after 35 days.
2003 
 February 4 the Hindu minority of Bnagladesh declare the sovereign state of Bangabhumi, recognised by UNPO.
2003 
 February 1 – Crew of Space Shuttle Columbia: Rick D. Husband, William C. McCool, Michael P. Anderson, Ilan Ramon, Kalpana Chawla, David M. Brown, Laurel Clark
1999 
 January 2 – A snowstorm leaves 14 inches (359 mm) of snow in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and 21 inches (533.4 mm) in Chicago, Illinois, killing 68.
1999 
 January 4 – Gunmen open fire on Shia Muslims worshiping in a mosque in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 16 and injuring 25.
1999 
 January 8 – 3.4 million copies of the movie The Rescuers is recalled after a photo of a topless woman was discovered in two of the 110,000 slides in that scene of the movie.
1999 
 January 11 – Bülent Ecevit, of DSP forms the new government of Turkey (56th government, an interim government )
1999 
 January 20 – The China News Service announces new government restrictions on Internet use aimed especially at Internet cafes.
1999 
 January 21 – In one of the largest drug busts in American history, the United States Coast Guard intercepts a ship with over 9,500 pounds (4.3 tons) of cocaine aboard, headed for Houston, Texas.
1999 
 February 4 – Unarmed West African immigrant Amadou Diallo is shot dead by NYC police officers on an unrelated stake-out, inflaming race relations in the city.
1999 
 February 16 – In Uzbekistan, an apparent assassination attempt against President Islom Karimov takes place at government headquarters.
1999 
 February 16 – Across Europe, Kurdish rebels take over embassies and hold hostages after Turkey arrests one of their rebel leaders.
1999 
 February 21 – The Albertinkatu shootings in Helsinki, Finland: Three men are killed and 1 wounded at a shooting range.
1999 
 February 23 – White supremacist John William King is found guilty of kidnapping and killing African American James Byrd Jr. by dragging him behind a truck for 2 miles (3 km).
1999 
 February 24 – LaGrand Case: The State of Arizona executes Karl LaGrand, a German national involved in an armed robbery that led to a death.
1999 
 Karl's brother Walter is executed a week later, in spite of Germany's legal action in the International Court of Justice to attempt to save him.