the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Central processing unit 
 To speed up memory accesses, a faster type of memory called a cache is often put between the RAM and the main parts of the CPU.
Central processing unit 
 Often it makes sense to have a "cache for the cache", just as it makes sense to have a cache for RAM.
Central processing unit 
 Computer buses are the wires used by the CPU to communicate with RAM and other components in the computer.
Central processing unit 
 Almost all CPUs have at least a data bus - used to read and write data - and an address bus - used to output addresses.
Central processing unit 
 An instruction set (also called an ISA - Instruction Set Architecture) is a language understood directly by a particular CPU.
Central processing unit 
 They say how you tell the CPU to do different things, like loading data from memory into a register, or adding the values from two registers.
Central processing unit 
 Each instruction in an instruction set has an encoding, which is how the instruction is written as a sequence of bits.
Central processing unit 
 Assembly language uses text instead of 0s and 1s: You might write "LD A,0" to load the value 0 into register A for example.
Central processing unit 
 Move a number from one place to another (for example, from one register to another, or between a register and memory).
Central processing unit 
 Jump to another place in the instruction list, but only if some test is true (for example, only if one number is bigger than another).
Central processing unit 
 Flops (Floating-point operations per second) and CPU clock speed (usually measured in gigahertz) are also ways to measure how much work a processor can do in a certain time.
Central processing unit 
 The CPU of a computer is connected electronically to other parts of the computer, like the video card, or the BIOS.
Central processing unit 
 A computer program can control these peripherals by reading or writing numbers to special places in the computer's memory.
Central processing unit 
 For example, the steps to run an instruction "INC A" (increase the value stored in register A by one) on a simple CPU could be this:
Central processing unit 
 Often it is possible to run some steps from different instructions at the same time, which makes the CPU faster.
Central processing unit 
 For example, we can read an instruction from memory at the same time that we decode another instruction, since those steps use different modules.
Central processing unit 
 In the best case, all of the modules are working on different instructions at once, but this is not always possible.
Central processing unit 
 When using an MMU, the addresses used in a program are (usually) not the "real" addresses where the data is stored.
Central processing unit 
 This is done by not translating any addresses to the "hidden" addresses while the program is running.
Central processing unit 
 This is good because it means that programs can't read and modify the memory of other programs, which improves security and stability. (
Central processing unit 
 Many MMUs can make some parts of memory non-writeable, non-readable, or non-executable (meaning code stored in that part of memory can't be run).
Central processing unit 
 For example, it will always be possible to have the "main" code of a program at the same (virtual) address without colliding with other programs.
Central processing unit 
 It is also handy when there are many different pieces of code (from libraries) that are shared between programs.
Central processing unit 
 This is good because not knowing where things are in memory often makes it harder for hackers to make programs do bad things.
Central processing unit 
 Advanced programs and operating systems can use tricks with MMUs to avoid having to copy data between different places in memory.
Central processing unit 
 This means that they have many processors built on to the same chip so that they can run many instructions at once.
Central processing unit 
 Many modern processors use this to boost performance with heavy multi-threaded programs, such as benchmark programs.
Running of the Bulls 
 The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish el encierro, meaning "the enclosing") is an activity that involves running in front of bulls on a course of a sectioned-off area of a town's streets.
Running of the Bulls 
 Safety varies in some places like Xabia the area is surrounded by cages that people can slip in and out of but the bulls can not.
Red shift 
 Red shift is a way astronomers use to tell the distance of any object that is very far away in the Universe.
Red shift 
 As the train moves towards a person, the sound it makes as it comes towards them sounds like it has a higher tone, since the frequency of the sound is squeezed together a little bit.
Red shift 
 An object, like a star or a galaxy that is far away and moving toward us, will look more blue than it normally does.
Red shift 
 A star or galaxy moving away from us will look more red than it would if the source were not moving in our frame of reference.
Red shift 
 This is where red shift got its name, since the colors are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum.
Red shift 
 The reason astronomers can tell how far the light gets shifted is because chemical elements, like hydrogen and oxygen, have unique fingerprints of light that no other element has.
Red shift 
 Once they know that, they check to see the difference between where the spectral lines are compared to where they normally are.
Red shift 
 From that, they can tell whether it is moving toward us or away from us, and also how fast it is going.
Spectral line 
 Several hundred years ago, the famous scientist Isaac Newton did an experiment where he showed that even white light from the Sun was made up of all the colors of the rainbow.
Spectral line 
 When other scientists following him looked at this rainbow very closely, they noticed that there were dark lines breaking up the rainbow, where certain shades of colors should be.
Spectral line 
 They investigated this further, and discovered that certain chemical elements, like the hydrogen and helium that make up the Sun, absorbed certain frequencies of light where those colors should be, like a sponge absorbs water, but does not absorb chalk.
Spectral line 
 Soon, scientists discovered that when they heated other chemical elements, like calcium and oxygen, so hot that they shined with a white light, they found similar lines, but in different places.
Spectral line 
 No two chemical elements had these lines in exactly the same places along the rainbow, and they also soon discovered that could be used to be able to tell what stars were made up of in the Universe.
Spectral line 
 The reason the chemical elements can do this is because of the number and places of electrons orbiting around the center of each atom of each chemical element.
Spectral line 
 These electrons, when light hits them, absorb a specific wavelength, or color of light, and what color they absorb depend on their position around the atom.
Spectral line 
 Since each chemical element has a certain number of electrons, each chemical element has this unique set of spectral lines.
Spectral line 
 Since each set of spectral lines was unique, scientists could also be able to use this in a technique called red shift.
Spectral line 
 Red shift is a method astronomers use, after they know what a star is made of, to tell how fast an object far away in the Universe is moving.
Godzilla 
 Godzilla is a giant dinosaur-like fictional monster who first appeared in movies from Japan, in the year 1954.
Godzilla 
 During his movie career, this large reptile fought against many other mythical monsters, including the giant moth-like Mothra, the three-headed King Ghidorah, his own robotic mirror image Mechagodzilla, and several more enemies.
Godzilla 
 The original Japanese name, Gojira orゴジラ, is a combination of the words gorilla and kujira (means whale).
Godzilla 
 In countries where the primary language is English, the name has been changed to Godzilla, is a fictional Japanese movie reptilian monster that has appeared in movies since 1954.
1101 
 A second wave of crusaders arrives in the newly established Kingdom of Jerusalem, after being heavily defeated by Kilij Arslan I at Heraclia.
1101 
 Robert Curthose signs the Treaty of Alton, giving up his claim to the Anglo-Norman throne and establishing Henry I as King of England.
1207 
 Pope Innocent III declares for Philip of Swabia as Holy Roman Emperor, a reversal of his previous support for Otto IV.
The Pentagon 
 The Pentagon is the largest office building in the world,but any place in the building can be reached within 7 minutes.
The Pentagon 
 It has five sides, five floors above ground, two basement levels, and five ring corridors per floor with a total of  of corridors.
The Pentagon 
 The concentric rings are named (from the center out) as "A" through "E" (with in addition "F" and "G" in the basement). "
The Pentagon 
 E" Ring offices are the only ones with outside views and are generally occupied by senior officials.
The Pentagon 
 Office numbers go clockwise around each of the rings, and have two parts: a nearest-corridor number (1 to 10) followed by a bay number (00 to 99), so office numbers range from 100 to 1099.
The Pentagon 
 These corridors radiate out from the central courtyard, with corridor 1 beginning with the Concourse's south end.
The Pentagon 
 Each numbered radial corridor intersects with the corresponding numbered group of offices (for example, corridor 5 divides the 500 series office block).
The Pentagon 
 Floors in The Pentagon are lettered "B" for Basement and "M" for Mezzanine, both of which are below ground level.
The Pentagon 
 Room numbers are given as the floor, concentric ring, and office number (which is in turn the nearest corridor number followed by the bay number).
The Pentagon 
 So, office 2B315 is on the second floor, B ring, and nearest to corridor 3 (between corridors 2 and 3).
The Pentagon 
 One way to get to this office would be to go to the second floor, get to the A (innermost) ring, go to and take corridor 3, and then turn left on ring B to get to bay 15.
The Pentagon 
 Just south of The Pentagon are Pentagon City and Crystal City, extensive shopping and high-density residential districts in Arlington.
The Pentagon 
 The Washington Metro Pentagon station is also located at the Pentagon, on the Blue and Yellow Lines.
The Pentagon 
 The Pentagon is surrounded by the Capital Beltway Every day, thousands of commuters traveling between Arlington, Virginia and Washington, DC drive on the roads of the Pentagon Reservation.
The Pentagon 
 Each year, the Pentagon grounds hold the Marine Corps Marathon and the Army Ten-Miler running events.
The Beach Boys 
 The original members were brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine.
The Beach Boys 
 Many of the band's early songs were about life in southern California, the beach, girls, cars, and surfing.
The Beach Boys 
 David Marks replaced Jardine when he went away to school; after Jardine's return, Marks left the band.
The Beach Boys 
 Bruce Johnston later became a regular band member, first replacing Brian Wilson on tour, then  joining in on recording sessions.
Modem 
 Two modems, one on each computer, are required to make a connection, and each modem can send and receive data to and from the other modem.
Modem 
 Modulation is changing the digital data from a computer to analog data (audio tones or sounds) to be sent over telephone lines.
Modem 
 Demodulation is changing the analog data which is received over the telephone lines to digital data to be used by the computer.
Modem 
 Modems are classified by the amount of data they can send in a given time, normally measured in bits per second (bit/s, or bps).
Modem 
 Dial-up modems were the usual kind in the 20th century, and DSL modems and Cable TV modems are now more used.
Modem 
 Some internal modems are part of the motherboard; others are inserted into the computer on a PC card.
Modem 
 Many modems are used to connect to the Internet through telephone service or cable television service.
Modem 
 In 2000, dial-up Internet connections accounted for 74% of all U.S. residential Internet connections.
Modem 
 Voiceband modems were once the most popular means of Internet access in the U.S. But as more homes adopted faster ways of accessing the Internet, the traditional 56K modem is losing popularity.
3DO 
 The 3DO Interactive Multiplayer (often just called the 3DO) is a video game console invented by The 3DO Company.
3DO 
 Panasonic made the first models in 1993, and other types of the machine were sold in 1994 by Sanyo and GoldStar.
3DO 
 Many good things were said about it when it was created, including being named Time Magazine's "1993 Product of the Year".
Windsor, Ontario 
 Windsor is a city in southern Ontario, Canada, which is across the Detroit River from the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan.
QWERTY 
 QWERTY is a certain typewriter or computer keyboard layout that is commonly used in some English-speaking countries.
QWERTY 
 The term comes from the fact the first 6 letters of the top row of keys are Q, W, E, R, T, and Y. The QWERTY design was patented by Christopher Sholes in 1874 and sold to E. Remington and Sons during the same year.
QWERTY 
 However, when the user of the typewriter learned to type quickly, the bars attached to letters became caught in one another.
QWERTY 
 A business associate of Sholes named James Densmore suggested splitting up the keys to speed up typing by preventing the typebars from striking the typewriter roller at the same time and sticking together.
QWERTY 
 Some people say the QWERTY layout was created to slow down typing speed, while others say it worked by separating series of English letters.
QWERTY 
 The alternative Dvorak Simplified Keyboard was invented in the 1930s to be more efficient than QWERTY but it remained rare.
QWERTY 
 The QWERTY layout was made to type in English, therefore it has no accent marks as they are not used in native English words.
QWERTY 
 People from other countries whose own languages used accent marks (such as French, which has letters like "é", "î", and "ç") had problems.
QWERTY 
 Depending on the operating system and the application being used, one can type accents marks by holding down the Alt key while pressing several number keys in a row.
QWERTY 
 As an example, holding the Alt key, pressing the number keys 1, 5, and 6, then releasing the Alt key will generate a character numbered 156 in some character set.
QWERTY 
 In some word processors, like Microsoft Word, characters with accent marks could be found under a category named "Special Characters" or something similar.
QWERTY 
 Windows also has a program called "Character Map" that can be used to find and copy characters that could be pasted into other applications later on.
QWERTY 
 The keyboards made in Belgium and France switch the letters Q and W with the letters A and Z. They also move the letter M to the right of L. These types of keyboards are called AZERTY keyboards.
QWERTY 
 They switch the Z and Y like the German version, but use "ů" to the right of L and ú next to P.  The row that normally has numbers has the accents ě, š, č, ř, ž, ý, á, í, é.
QWERTY 
 Danish and Norwegian layouts switched Æ, Ø, and Å where Swedish and Finnish use the letters Ä and Ö.
QWERTY 
 German keyboards add an Ü to the right of P—and Ö, Ä to the right of L—and switch the Z and Y keys both because Z is a much more common letter than Y in German.
QWERTY 
 Hungarian keyboard add an É and Á after L, Ö above O, Ü above P, Ő after P, Ú after Ő, Ó above Ú, Í under A, and switch Z and Y, like in German.
QWERTY 
 Icelandic layouts add Ð to the right of P, Æ to the right of L, Ö to the right of 0 in the top row and Þ to the rightmost place in the bottom row.
QWERTY 
 Italian typewriter keyboards use a QZERTY layout where Z is swapped with W and M is at the right of "L".
QWERTY 
 Lithuanian keyboards typically use the standard QWERTY and utilize the numbers row + shift to insert the language specific symbols.
QWERTY 
 Romanian keyboards have a QWERTZ layout, swapping Y with Z; ă and î are added to the right of the letter P, while ș and ț are added to the right of the letter L; â replaces the backslash character.
QWERTY 
 Changes are also made to the upper number keys, the numbers remain the same, but some of the symbols are shuffled.
QWERTY 
 Turkish layouts add Ğ and Ü to the right of P, Ş and İ to the right of L, Ö and Ç to the right of M.
List 
 A list is a part of a text, which has many words separated by commas (,) or a group of words going down the page that may use bullet points, letters, or numbers.
Antimatter 
 These have the same mass as particles of ordinary matter but have opposite charge and properties, such as lepton and baryon number.
Antimatter 
 This gives rise to high-energy photons (gamma rays), neutrinos, and lower-mass particle–antiparticle pairs.
Antimatter 
 In physics, all the elementary particles, or the basic building blocks of the things we can touch, come in pairs.
Antimatter 
 Other antimatter particles are the same way, where they have the same weight, and look and act the same as regular particles, but their electrical charge is the opposite of regular particles.
Antimatter 
 Antihydrogen, for example, has the positron, which is positively charged, orbiting around an antiproton, which is negatively charged, which is the opposite way regular hydrogen looks, which has the electron (negative charge), orbiting around a proton (positive charge).
Antimatter 
 Albert Einstein found a formula that can show how much energy a certain amount of something has, whether it is matter or antimatter.
Antimatter 
 In simple terms, if you take the mass of something and then multiply it by the speed of light, and then multiply it by the speed of light again, you will get how much pure energy a given piece of something has.
Antimatter 
 Since the speed of light is such a big number, this means that even a small amount of matter can have a lot of energy (it has been projected to be 4 times more effective per mass than nuclear fission).
Antimatter 
 In 1928, the physicist Paul Dirac was looking for an equation that would predict how very fast particles should behave.
Antimatter 
 There was already another equation that could describe slow-moving particles, the Schrödinger equation, but Einstein's theory of special relativity said that fast particles could be very different from slow particles.
Antimatter 
 In the new equation for energy, the symbol is called the momentum, and it measures how fast the particle is going and how hard it is to stop.
Antimatter 
 This equation says that very fast particles have more energy, so they are different from slow particles.
Antimatter 
 The reason this is important to understand antimatter is because scientists found that when matter and antimatter touch each other, the amount of energy that is released comes very close to the amount of energy  says should be all together in those two pieces.
Antimatter 
 The reason is that each particle of matter, when it touches its antiparticle in the antimatter world, both change over into pure energy, or annihilate each other.
Antimatter 
 This release of such a high amount of energy is why a lot of science fiction writers use antimatter for fuel in their stories.
Antimatter 
 Many scientists think that in the first few moments after the Big Bang, which created the universe a very long time ago, both matter and antimatter mixed together.
Antimatter 
 If the Big Bang made equal amounts of matter and antimatter, then the two would annihilate and become energy.
Antimatter 
 Physicists do not yet know for sure that equal amounts of matter and antimatter were created, and because of this, they are also wondering where the antimatter went, and if any was left over from the beginning of the universe.
Antimatter 
 One explanation is that there was just a little bit more matter than antimatter in the beginning, so that whatever was left over after most of the matter and antimatter annihilated into energy became the mostly-matter universe we see today.
Antimatter 
 Another theory is that there is lots of antimatter on the other side of the universe, hidden far beyond our vision.
Antimatter 
 Because antimatter can make so much energy, it can be used for a lot of things, such as fuel for going into outer space, or in our cars.
Antimatter 
 The problem is that antimatter is very expensive to make, and is almost as expensive to store, since it cannot touch regular matter.
Antimatter 
 Since it is so expensive, this means that antimatter is not practical to use as a weapon or as an energy source, because so little of it is obtainable.
Antimatter 
 It does have a use in medicine, because a special kind of scanner called the PET, which stands for positron emission tomography, uses positrons to go into the human body.
Antimatter 
 Doctors can look at the way the positron changes into energy inside a person's body, and be able to tell if something is wrong inside a person.
Antimatter 
 This kind of machine works differently than an X-ray machine or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine, and can help doctors see things that those other machines cannot see.
Minsk 
 Minsk or Miensk (Мінск (official spelling in Belarus), Менск; Минск ; Mińsk) is the capital and a major city of Belarus.
Minsk 
 As a capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is also the capital of Minsk voblast (province) and Minsk raion.
Minsk 
 In 1326 Minsk became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and received its town privileges in 1499.
1326 
 Aradia de Toscano, is initiated into a Dianic cult of Italian Witchcraft (Stregheria), and discovers through a vision that she is the human incarnation of the goddess Aradia.
1326 
 Known as La Bella Pelegrina amongst the outlaws near Lake Nemi, she becomes the leader of a religious anarchist movement.
Chancellor of Germany 
 The chancellor of Germany (German: Bundeskanzler, literally: federal chancellor) is the head of government of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Chancellor of Germany 
 The Chancellor of Germany is elected by the majority of the members of the Bundestag, the German parliament.
Mysore 
 Mysore Palace, Jaganmohan Palace, Chamundi Hills, Brindavan Gardens, and Mysore Zoo are the places to see in Mysore.
Kannada 
 Most people in the southern Indian state of Karnataka speak Kannada, and there are speakers in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala and Goa.
Kannada 
 Kannada is a Dravidian language, which is a different language family from the Indo-European or Aryan languages of the north, such as Hindi but close to the other southern languages like Telugu.
Kannada 
 Printing presses introduced by Christian missionaries  at the beginning of the 19th century standardized the Kannada and Telugu scripts.
Kannada 
 When consonants appear together without intervening vowels, the second consonant is written as a special joint symbol, usually below the first.
1461 
 February 2 – Battle of Mortimer's Cross – Yorkist troops led by Edward, Duke of York defeat Lancastrians under Owen Tudor and his son Jasper Tudor, Earl of Pembroke in Wales.
1461 
 February 17 – Second Battle of St Albans – The Earl of Warwick's army is defeated by a Lancastrian force under Queen Margaret, who recovers control of her husband.
1461 
 March 29 – Battle of Towton – Edward IV defeats Queen Margaret to make good his claim to the English throne.
1461 
 August 15 – The Empire of Trebizond, the last major Romano-Greek outpost falls to the Ottoman Empire under Mehmed II after a siege of 21 days.
1467 
 Regent of Sweden Erik Axelsson Tott supports the re-election of deposed Charles VIII of Sweden to the throne.
Arab League 
 The Arab League is an organization made up of countries in the Arab world in Northern Africa and Southwest Asia.
Arab League 
 The purpose is to find ways for the countries to have unity and to work together to solve their problems.
Arab League 
 The organization uses the Arabic Language in its summits and all official papers, although it has never been stated by the League that Arabic is the Official Language.