the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Safe 
 A safe is usually a box-shaped container with a lock (although safes designed to protect from fire only sometimes don't have a lock).
Jelly 
 Gelatin can come in different taste choices, or flavors, depending on what fruit or artificial flavor.
Jelly 
 In Commonwealth Nations like the United Kingdom and New Zealand, almost all gelatin is called jelly.
Jelly 
 Jello shots can be served in small glasses and can be any color depending on the other ingredients put into the Jell-O shot.
Biogeography 
 Biogeography teaches how animals and plants are adapted to the places they live in, and how similar places often have quite different animals and plants.
Biogeography 
 Between about 1800 to 1855, natural historians made lists of species in various regions of the world.
Biogeography 
 For example marsupials, which live in Australia, are very different from the fauna in South America.
Biogeography 
 "The more distant countries are, the more dissimilar are their animals and plants; and the nearer they are, the more similar are their animals and plants".
Biogeography 
 The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of  Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913), and other biologists and explorers.
Biogeography 
 Wallace studied the distribution of flora and fauna in the Amazon Basin and the Malay Archipelago in the mid-19th century.
Biogeography 
 Key findings, such as the sharp difference in fauna either side of the Wallace Line, can only be understood in this light.
Biogeography 
 Both Darwin and Wallace gave a great deal of attention to oceanic islands as offering examples of evolution, especially speciation.
Biogeography 
 This interest was revived by The theory of island biogeography by Robert MacArthur and E.O. Wilson in 1967.
Biogeography 
 They showed that the variation in species in a single area could be predicted if one knew the habitat area, immigration rate, and extinction rate.
Biogeography 
 Genome analysis allows scientists to test theories about the origin and dispersal of populations, such as island species.
Biophysics 
 Biophysics is a science where the laws of physics are used to study biology, the science on life and living things.
Biophysics 
 Unlike biochemistry and molecular biology, sciences where macromolecules or "large" groups of molecules are studied, biophysicists study single or small groups of molecules.
Macromolecule 
 The word is usually used only when describing polymers, molecules which are made up of smaller molecules called monomers.
Entomology 
 Insects have been studied since prehistoric times, but it was not until as early as the 16th century that insects were scientifically studied.
Entomology 
 Others study how insects live and reproduce because we do not know very much about some kinds of insects.
Entomology 
 There are billions of unknown species throughout the world and taxonomists categorize the newly found.
Entomology 
 Entomologists meet to talk about their study of insects and to share ideas, just as all scientists do.
Ethology 
 Psychology is a social science which studies human behaviour, but many psychologists have done experiments on learning in animals.
Ethology 
 An American specialist on ants, William Morton Wheeler, first used the term 'ethology' in English in 1902.
Ethology 
 The study of animal behaviour, which had been going on in an anecdotal way since Aristotle, had its roots in natural history.
Ethology 
 The French zoologist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire was the founder of ethology in Europe, and his son Isidore produced a three-volume encyclopaedia Histoire Naturelle Générale.
Ethology 
 Douglas Spalding (1841–1877) was a British biologist who was the first to notice the effect called imprinting.
Ethology 
 He was able to prove that the behaviour of chicks after hatching from the egg happened even when they had no experience, practice or even information from the senses.
Ethology 
 The behaviour of birds played a big part in early ethology, but there was a start to studying our nearest relatives.
Ethology 
 In 2020, Dr. Tobias Starzak and Professor Albert Newen from the Institute of Philosophy II at the Ruhr University Bochum proposed that animals may have beliefs despite these being more difficult to determine than humans.
Ethology 
 The next generation began during the 1930s with the work of Austrian biologists Konrad Lorenz and Karl von Frisch, and the Dutch biologist Niko Tinbergen.
Ethology 
 Lorenz is famous for his 'longitudinal' studies: he lived with the animals he researched, and made observations throughout their lives.
Ethology 
 Lorenz popularized FAPs as instinctive responses that would occur reliably in the presence of specific stimuli (called sign stimuli or releasing stimuli).
Ethology 
 Ethology is a combination of laboratory and field science, with a strong relation to certain other disciplines—e.g., neuroanatomy, ecology, evolution.
Ethology 
 Ethologists are typically interested in a behavioural process rather than in a particular animal group and often study one type of behaviour (e.g. aggression) in a number of unrelated animals.
Ethology 
 The only scientific explanation for an animal’s behaviour is that it is well adapted for survival and reproduction in its environment.
Ethology 
 For instance, birds fly south in the winter to find food and warmth, and mammalian mothers nurture their young, thereby having more surviving offspring.
Ethology 
 Causation—What are the stimuli that trigger the response, and how has it been modified by recent learning?
Ethology 
 Evolutionary history—How does the behaviour compare with similar behaviour in related species, and how might it have begun through the process of phylogeny?
Ethology 
 Earlier phylogenetic stages and (pre-) conditions which persist often determine the form of more modern characteristics.
Ethology 
 For instance, the vertebrate eye (including the human eye) has a blind spot, whereas octopus eyes do not.
Ethology 
 Once the vertebrate eye had evolved, the only way it could improve was to minimise the effect of the blind spot.
Ethology 
 We don't notice it ordinarily, because with binocular vision what one eye misses, the other fills in.
Ethology 
 Development—How does the behaviour change with age, and what early experiences are necessary for the behaviour to be displayed?
Ethology 
 For example, the function of eating is to acquire nutrients (which ultimately aids survival and reproduction), but the immediate cause of eating is hunger (causation).
Ethology 
 Hunger and eating are evolutionarily ancient and are found in many species (evolutionary history), and develop early within an organism's lifespan (development).
Ethology 
 It is easy to confuse such questions – for example to argue that people eat because they're hungry and not to acquire nutrients – without realizing that the reason people experience hunger (causation) is because it causes them to acquire nutrients (function).
Henry III of England 
 Henry III (1 October 1207–16 November 1272) became King of England in 1216 when he was 9 years old, after the early death of his father King John.
Henry III of England 
 He would end up ruling as king for 56 years (though he would only effectively rule for around 45 due to his youth in the first years).
Henry III of England 
 During his long reign, Henry's kingdom would experience relative peace and prosperity until he began having trouble with his barons (particularly Simon de Montfort) due to his high handed governing style, which compelled the Barons to impose the Provisions of Oxford limiting royal power in 1258.
Henry III of England 
 The king's breaking of this agreement with the barons a few years later would lead to a civil war called the Baron's war which pitched the royal family against the rebel barons for 3 years (1264-1267), culminating in De Montfort's death at the unusually bloody Battle of Evesham in 1265 and the royal family being able to sweep up the remnants of the opposition by 1267.
Henry III of England 
 However, Henry's most visible mark on history would be due to his interest in architecture and decoration: which made him redevelop certain aspects of Westminster Abbey, improve the Tower of London's defenses (while keeping exotic animals from Africa and the Arctic such as lions, an elephant and a polar bear in it).
Henry III of England 
 He would even preside over the reburial of his personal hero Edward the Confessor at the consecration of Westminster Abbey in 1269, which was seen as the greatest personal triumph of his reign.
Henry III of England 
 Soon after the consecration of his abbey, the aging Henry would began to see a sharp decline in his health, eventually dying in 1272 at the fairly advanced age of 65, with his eldest son Prince Edward ascending the throne as King Edward I of England.
Henry III of England 
 The new king would have his late father reburied in 1290 in Westminster Abbey, where he has laid till modern historians discovered his tomb, which revealed that Henry III was about 5’ 6” tall and had a drooping left eyelid.
Edward I of England 
 Edward I (17 June 1239–7 July 1307), also Longshanks (meaning 'long legs') and the Hammer of the Scots, was a Plantagenet King of England.
Edward I of England 
 He was determined to control Scotland through puppet kings and just managed to do it during his lifetime.
Edward I of England 
 Edward was born at Westminster in June 1239 to the English King Henry III and his wife, the French noblewoman and English Queen Eleanor of Provence.
Edward I of England 
 The baby Edward and was named after an earlier king, Edward the Confessor, who happened to be a personal hero of his father King Henry The boy Edward would have a good education, being taught in Latin and French which were the most used languages in Europe at the time.
Edward I of England 
 In 1254, English fears of a Castilian invasion of the English province of Gascony induced Edward's father to arrange a marriage between his 15-year-old son and the 13 year-old Eleanor, the half-sister of King Alfonso X of Castile.
Edward I of England 
 He had received Gascony as early as 1249, but Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, as royal lieutenant, drew the income.
Edward I of England 
 The grant he received in 1254 included most of Ireland, and much land in Wales and England, including the earldom of Chester, but the king kept control over the land, particularly in Ireland, so Edward's power was limited there as well, and the king got most of the income from those lands.
Edward I of England 
 The years 1264–1267 saw the conflict known as the Second Barons' War, in which baronial forces led by Simon de Montfort fought against those who remained loyal to the king.
Edward I of England 
 The first scene of battle was the city of Gloucester, which Edward, now a young man who could participate in battles, managed to retake from the enemy.
Edward I of England 
 When Robert de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, came to the assistance of the rebels, Edward negotiated a truce with the earl, the terms of which he later broke.
Edward I of England 
 Edward, commanding the right wing, performed well, and soon defeated the London contingent of de Montfort's forces.
Edward I of England 
 Unwisely, however, he followed the scattered enemy in pursuit, and on his return found the rest of the royal army defeated.
Edward I of England 
 By the agreement known as the Mise of Lewes, Edward and his cousin Henry of Almain were given up as prisoners to de Montfort.
Edward I of England 
 Edward remained in captivity until March, and even after his release he was kept under strict surveillance.
Edward I of England 
 Then, on 28 May 1265, Edward managed to escape his custodians and joined up with the Earl of Gloucester, who had recently defected to the king's side.
Edward I of England 
 Montfort's support was now dwindling, and Edward retook Worcester and Gloucester with relatively little effort.
Edward I of England 
 Meanwhile, Montfort had made an alliance with Llywelyn and started moving east to join forces with his son Simon.
Edward I of England 
 Edward managed to make a surprise attack at Kenilworth Castle, before moving on to cut off the earl of Leicester.
Edward I of England 
 The two forces then met at the second great encounter of the Barons' War the Battle of Evesham, on 4 August 1265.
Edward I of England 
 Montfort stood little chance against the superior royal forces, and after his defeat he was killed and mutilated on the field.
Edward I of England 
 At Christmas, he came to terms with the younger Simon de Montfort and his associates at the Isle of Axholme in Lincolnshire.
Edward I of England 
 A contingent of rebels held out in the virtually impregnable Kenilworth Castle and did not surrender until the drafting of the conciliatory Dictum of Kenilworth.
Edward I of England 
 In April it seemed as if Gloucester would take up the cause of the reform movement, and civil war would resume, but after a renegotiation of the terms of the Dictum of Kenilworth, the parties came an agreement.
Edward I of England 
 Edward, however, was little involved in the settlement negotiations following the wars; at this point his main focus was on planning his upcoming crusade.
Edward I of England 
 Edward took the crusader's cross in an elaborate ceremony on 24 June 1268, with his brother Edmund and cousin Henry of Almain.
Edward I of England 
 Among others who committed themselves to the Ninth Crusade were some of Edward's former adversaries.
Edward I of England 
 Originally, the Crusaders intended to relieve the beleaguered Christian stronghold of Acre, but before they could do this, several disasters happened to the French.
Edward I of England 
 The French forces were struck by an epidemic which, on 25 August, took the life of King Louis himself in 1270 By the time Edward arrived at Tunis, Charles had already signed a treaty with the emir, and there was little else to do but return to Sicily.
Edward I of England 
 The crusade was postponed until next spring, but a devastating storm off the coast of Sicily dissuaded Charles of Anjou and Louis's successor Philip III from any further campaigning.
Edward I of England 
 The Muslim states were on the offensive under the Mamluk leadership of Baibars, and were now threatening Acre itself.
Edward I of England 
 An embassy to the Mongols helped bring about an attack on Aleppo in the north, which helped to distract Baibar's forces.
Edward I of England 
 In November, Edward led a raid on Qaqun, which could have served as a bridgehead to Jerusalem, but both the Mongol invasion and the attack on Qaqun failed.
Edward I of England 
 Although he managed to kill the assassin, he was struck in the arm by a dagger feared to be poisoned, and became severely weakened over the following months.
Edward I of England 
 Edward was deeply saddened by this news, but rather than hurrying home at once, he made a leisurely journey northwards.
Edward I of England 
 The political situation in England was stable after the mid-century upheavals, and Edward was proclaimed king at his father's death, rather than at his own coronation, as had until then been customary.
Edward I of England 
 The new king embarked on an overland journey through Italy and France, where among other things he visited the pope in Rome and suppressed a rebellion in Gascony.
Edward I of England 
 His first concern was to restore order and re-establish royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father.
Edward I of England 
 This was done to prepare for an inquiry which would hear complaints about abuse of power by royal officers.
Edward I of England 
 Laws were made to define rights about ownership of land, recovery of debts, trade and local peacekeeping.
Edward I of England 
 For this Parliament, in addition to the  lords, two knights from each county and two representatives from each borough were summoned.
Edward I of England 
 Before, the commons had been expected simply to assent (say 'yes') to decisions already made by the rulers.
Edward I of England 
 Now they would meet with the full authority (plena potestas) of their communities, to give assent to decisions made in Parliament.
Edward I of England 
 Initial operations were launched under the command of Mortimer, Edmund Crouchback (Edward's brother) and the Earl of Warwick.
Edward I of England 
 The campaign never came to a major battle, and Llywelyn soon realised he had no choice but to surrender.
Edward I of England 
 By the Treaty of Aberconwy in November 1277, he was left only with the land of Gwynedd, but he was allowed to keep the title of Prince of Wales.
Edward I of England 
 The war started with a rebellion by Dafydd (Llywelyn's younger brother), who was annoyed with the reward he had received from Edward in 1277.
Edward I of England 
 Llywelyn and other Welsh chieftains soon joined in, and initially the Welsh experienced military success.
Edward I of England 
 The Welsh advances ended on 11 December, however, when Llywelyn was lured into a trap and killed at the Battle of Orewin Bridge.
Edward I of England 
 The English conquest was complete with the capture in June 1283 of Dafydd, who was taken to Shrewsbury and executed as a traitor next autumn.
Edward I of England 
 By the 1284 law called the Statute of Rhuddlan, Wales was incorporated into England and was given an governing system like the English, with counties policed by sheriffs.
Edward I of England 
 English law was introduced in criminal cases, though the Welsh were allowed to maintain their own laws in some cases of property disputes.
Edward I of England 
 After 1277, and increasingly after 1283, Edward embarked on a full-scale project of English settlement of Wales.
Edward I of England 
 His castles started the widespread use of arrowslits in castle walls across Europe, drawing on Eastern influences.
Edward I of England 
 Also a product of the Crusades was the introduction of the concentric castle, and four of the eight castles Edward founded in Wales followed this design.
Edward I of England 
 In 1301 at Lincoln, the young Edward became the first English prince to be invested with the title of Prince of Wales.
Edward I of England 
 This gave him the excuse to acknowledge Edward as his lord, and left ambiguous whether or not this applied to Scotland as well.
Edward I of England 
 There were fourteen claimants; John Balliol and Robert de Brus (the grandfather of the famous Robert the Bruce) had the best cases.
Edward I of England 
 He interferred in some of the legal affairs of Scotland, and insisted the Scots provided military service in his army.
Edward I of England 
 Edward responded by invading Scotland in 1296 and taking the town of Berwick in a particularly bloody attack.
Edward I of England 
 Edward confiscated the Stone of Destiny – the Scottish coronation stone– and brought it to Westminster, deposed Balliol and placed him in the Tower of London, and installed Englishmen to govern the country.
Edward I of England 
 Although the Scottish conflict seemed settled in 1296, it was started again by William Wallace, who came from one of the notable families.
Edward I of England 
 Edward's next move was political: in 1303 a peace agreement was made between England and France, breaking up the Franco-Scottish alliance.
Edward I of England 
 The situation changed again, in 1306, when de Brus murdered his rival John Comyn and had himself crowned King of Scotland by Isobel, sister of the Earl of Buchan.
Edward I of England 
 This conflict was still in progress in 1307 when Edward, now an elderly man, led his final campaign into Scotland before dying at the border city of Burgh-by-sands at age 68, leading to the succession of the Prince of Wales as Edward II of England.
Edward I of England 
 He erected twelve Eleanor crosses, one at each place where her funeral cortège (procession) stopped for the night.
Edward I of England 
 As part of the peace accord between England and France in 1294, it was agreed that Edward should marry the French princess Margaret.
Edward I of England 
 Of these, five daughters survived into adulthood, but only one boy did the same– his son and heir Edward, Prince of Wales.
Edward I of England 
 Edward was concerned with his son's failure to live up to expectations, and at one point exiled the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston.
Edward I of England 
 Edward may have known his son was bisexual but he did not throw Gaveston from the castle battlements as shown in Braveheart.
Cell nucleus 
 The cell nucleus (plural: cell nuclei) contains the cell's genes and controls the cell's growth and reproduction.
Cell nucleus 
 All eukaryote organisms have nuclei in their cells, even the many eukaryotes that are single-celled.
Cell nucleus 
 Bacteria and Archaea, which are prokaryotes, are single-celled organisms of a different type and do not have nuclei.
Cell nucleus 
 After being produced in the nucleolus, ribosomes are exported to the cytoplasm where they translate mRNA into proteins.
Cell nucleus 
 When a cell is dividing or preparing to divide, the chromosomes become visible with a light microscope.
Cell nucleus 
 The larger molecules are actively transported by carrier proteins, and there is free movement of small molecules and ions.
Cell nucleus 
 Movement of large molecules such as proteins and RNA through the pores is required for both gene expression and the maintenance of chromosomes.
Scotland Yard 
 New Scotland Yard is in a 20-storey office block on Broadway and Victoria Street in Westminster, about 450 metres away from the Houses of Parliament.
Scotland Yard 
 The famous rotating sign, which is seen on television and in films, is outside the main doors on Broadway.
Scotland Yard 
 Founded on 29 September 1829, on a street of Whitehall, Scotland Yard was called "New Scotland Yard" when moved, in November 1890, to the Victoria Embankment, beside the Ministry of Defence.
Scotland Yard 
 As the Metropolitan police grew more famous, people started referring to the house as Scotland Yard.
Antimony 
 Black antimony is normally made by heating metallic antimony until it boils and then cooling the vapors very quickly.
Antimony 
 When antimony is talked about it normally means the blue-white metalloid form, since it is most common.
Antimony 
 Antimony is sometimes found as an element, but normally it is found as stibnite, an antimony sulfide mineral.
Buckingham Palace 
 Buckingham Palace was built in 1703 by John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normandy, as a townhouse residence in London.
Buckingham Palace 
 It became the official London home of the family in 1837 and was greatly expanded in the 19th century.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, were celebrated in Beijing, People's Republic of China from August 8 to August 24.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The opening ceremony began at 08:08:08 pm CST (12:08:08 UTC) at the Beijing National Stadium in Beijing, People's Republic of China.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The Olympic games were awarded to Beijing after a vote of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13 2001.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The official logo of the games, titled "Dancing Beijing," features a stylised calligraphic character jīng (京, meaning capital), meaning the host city.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa, each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 The Chinese government used the games to promote China as an important and powerful country, and spent a lot of money on building new facilities and transportation systems for the games.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 In 2007, former IOC president Juan Antonio Samaranch said that he thinks that the Beijing games will be "the best in Olympic history".
2008 Summer Olympics 
 Although there was some controversy about having the games in China, the IOC's former president Jacques Rogge said that the IOC has "absolutely no regrets" in choosing Beijing to host the 2008 games.
2008 Summer Olympics 
 At the end of the Olympics, China won the total gold medal count, while the United States led the grand total medal count.