the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Geisha 
 In 1944, all geisha districts were shut because of World War Two, and geisha, like everyone else, had to help out with the war; in Tokyo alone, close to 9,000 geisha were still entertaining guests before they were told they could not work as geisha anymore.
Geisha 
 The exact number of geisha working today is not known, but it is estimated to be around 1,000 to 2,000.
Geisha 
 Geisha today live and work throughout Japan, in different geisha districts () that have their own traditions of arts, training and clothing.
Geisha 
 The most well known geisha live in Kyoto, where there are five geisha districts, and the most famous geisha district in Kyoto is , which is sometimes just called .
Geisha 
 In some places in Japan, people have decided to bring back the geisha districts that had no geisha in them for decades.
Geisha 
 Many geisha houses and districts now use social media to advertise their work, and geisha do not need to be born into a geisha district to work there.
Geisha 
 Some geisha districts put on events to attract tourists; in Kyoto, places like  Corner put on dances performed by  that anyone can go and watch.
Geisha 
 Some dress-up services, like those in Kyoto, allow you to walk around the city for the day in dress-up.
Geisha 
 However, they will not dress someone completely accurately, so that real geisha and  cannot be confused with people in costumes.
Geisha 
 If someone wearing  wants to be dressed the exact same as a geisha or , they cannot walk around outside.
Geisha 
 Real geisha do not have the time to take pictures with tourists, so most women dressed as geisha or  who appear on the photos of tourists are in fact people in .
Geisha 
 Young women who wish to become geisha now usually begin their training after finishing junior high school, or even high school or college.
Geisha 
 Geisha still study traditional musical instruments like the , the  (bamboo flute), and drums, as well as traditional songs, Japanese traditional dance, tea ceremony, literature and poetry.
Geisha 
 By watching other geisha, apprentices also become skilled in the difficult traditions of dressing, make-up, and in dealing with clients.
Geisha 
 Geisha are often hired to go to parties and gatherings, at tea houses or at traditional Japanese restaurants ().
Geisha 
 Their time is measured by the time it takes an incense stick to burn, and is called  ('incense stick fee') or  ('jewel fee').
Geisha 
 The clients hire the service of geisha through the geisha district's union or registery office, known as the , which takes care of the geisha's schedule, and will make appointments for her to entertain customers and train in the traditional arts.
Geisha 
 Although some girls were sold to become geisha as children, this was not normal practice in hanamachi with good reputation.
Geisha 
 In the past, when girls first arrived at the okiya, they were put to work as maids, or do everything they were told.
Geisha 
 The most junior shikomi of the house had to wait late into the night for the senior geisha to return from work, sometimes as late as two or three in the morning.
Geisha 
 When the apprentice became skilled in the geisha arts, and passed a final and difficult dance test, she was promoted to the second stage of training: "minarai".
Geisha 
 They go to banquets and dance with the geisha, but they do not participate: they just sit, watch and learn from their onee-san (older sisters).
Geisha 
 She will teach her the right ways of serving tea, playing the shamisen, and dancing, and everything about the art of Iki (see below).
Geisha 
 Maiko have to wear heavy white make-up, elaborate hairstyle, and have her lips painted almost all the time.
Geisha 
 Like the minarai, maiko do not charge as much money to go to parties or gatherings as a full geisha.
Geisha 
 After a period of only six months (in Tokyo) or five years (in Kyoto), the maiko is promoted to a full geisha and charges full price for her time.
Geisha 
 Geisha use kimono of fewer colors and only use make-up for work or dance, because she is more mature than a maiko, and the simpler style shows her own natural beauty.
Geisha 
 Geisha must be very skilled at traditional Japanese music, dance, and poetry, because they use all these arts when they work.
Geisha 
 Iki started in the 18th century as a reply to the extravagant ways of the courtesans (oiran) and those who liked their style.
Geisha 
 Geisha give more importance to their reputation than prostitutes do, and they almost never enter a relationship with a client.
Geisha 
 Until the early 1920s, apprentice geisha used to put their hands in icy water, and then go outside in cold weather to practice playing the shamisen until their fingers bled.
Humanity 
 Humanities, those academic disciplines which study the human condition using methods that are largely analytic, critical, or speculative
Thomas Midgley 
 His two most famous inventions are both now banned because they are dangerous for the world environment: the use of lead in petrol (gasoline)  and the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerators.
Thomas Midgley 
 He grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and graduated from Cornell University in 1911 with a degree in mechanical engineering.
Thomas Midgley 
 In December 1921 Midgley discovered that the addition of Tetraethyllead to gasoline prevented "knocking" in internal combustion engines.
Thomas Midgley 
 In the 1930s Midgley  developed a non-poisonous substance called CFC (chlorinated fluorocarbon) for use in refrigerators, inhalers and aerosol spray cans.
Thomas Midgley 
 He was given many high awards for his work and in 1944 he became president and chairman of the American Chemical Society.
Thomas Midgley 
 Midgley died before the days when people realized that CFCs were destroying the ozone layer which prevents harmful rays from the sun reaching the earth.
Thomas Midgley 
 In the United States it was not until 1973 that people started to produce gasoline without lead and, in 1996, the Clean Air Act banned the sale of leaded fuel for use in on-road vehicles.
Thomas Midgley 
 However it was still legal in the U.S. for aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines until 2008.
Thomas Midgley 
 Leaded gasoline is still common in South America, Africa, and some parts of Asia and the Middle East.
Hovhannes Shiraz 
 Hovhannes Shiraz (Armenian: Հովհաննես Շիրազ) (April 27, 1915 - April 14, 1984) was a notable Armenian poet.
Hovhannes Shiraz 
 He was born Hovhannes (Onig) Garabedyan in the city of Alexandropol, then part of the Russian Empire (now Gyumri, Armenia).
Hovhannes Shiraz 
 Novelist Atrpet gave the talented poet the epithet "Shiraz", because "this youth's poems have the fragrance of roses, fresh and covered with dew, like the roses of Shiraz."
Polar low 
 A polar low is a small sized and short-lived atmospheric low pressure system that is found over the ocean areas pole ward of the main polar front in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Polar low 
 The systems usually have a horizontal length scale of less than 1,000 km and live for less than a couple of days.
Polar low 
 Polar lows can be difficult to detect using standard weather reports and are a problem to high-latitude operations, such as shipping and gas and oil platforms.
Polar low 
 Polar lows have been also known as by using many other terms, such as comma cloud, mesocyclone, polar mesoscale vortex, Arctic hurricane, Arctic low, and cold air depression.
Polar low 
 Today the term is usually set aside for the more-energetic systems that have near-surface winds of at least gale force (17 m/s).
Polar low 
 Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 612.
Pericles 
 Pericles turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire and led his countrymen during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War.
Pericles 
 The period during which he led Athens, roughly from 461 to 429 BC, is sometimes known as the "Age of Pericles,".
Pericles 
 In Pericles late 20’s he sponsored a major dramatic production for the festival of Dionysus, and he also entertained the whole city.
Pericles 
 This was a chief reason Athens holds the reputation of being the educational and cultural centre of the ancient Greek world.
Pericles 
 He started an ambitious project that built most of the surviving structures on the Acropolis (including the Parthenon).
Pericles 
 Furthermore, Pericles fostered Athenian democracy to such an extent that critics call him a populist.
Wind speed 
 Wind speeds usually mean the movement of air in an outside environment, but the speed of movement of air inside is also important in many cases, including weather forecasting, aircraft and maritime operations, construction and civil engineering.
Wind speed 
 High wind speeds can cause unpleasant side effects, and strong winds often have special names, including gales, hurricanes, and typhoons.
Wind speed 
 The highest wind speed ever measured on earth, 253 miles per hour, was recorded on Barrow Island, Australia.
Wind speed 
 The most simple method of measuring wind speed is to estimate the speed from the observed event against the Beaufort Scale.
Wind speed 
 Obviously, this method is not the most accurate available, so each value on the scale represents a range of values, three on the scale, for example, covers the wind speeds between seven and ten knots.
Thebes, Greece 
 It became a dominant power after their victory over the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC.
Minoan civilization 
 In a non-royal palace there were many small rooms with cooler places to sit, because Crete got very hot in the summer.
Alliance 
 An example of an alliance with more than two countries is the Central Powers during World War I. That alliance was made up of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Persia (disambiguation) 
 Persia (1501-1935) under Safavid dynasty, Afsharid dynasty, Zand dynasty, Qajar dynasty and Pahlavi dynasty
Epic poetry 
 In epics inspired from Western civilization the writer invokes a Muse, one of the nine daughters of Zeus.
Epic poetry 
 Narrative opens in medias res, or in the middle of things, usually with the hero at his lowest point.
Epic poetry 
 These long lists of objects, places, and people place the finite action of the epic within a broader, universal context.
Kousuke Atari 
 Kousuke Atari (, Atari Kōsuke; born July 13, 1980 in Amami island, Kagoshima) is a Japanese singer and Shimauta utasha.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 He was then asked by the Birmingham Triennial Music Festival to compose a big work for the following year.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 At first he thought of writing The Apostles, but then he realized he would need more than a year to write it, so he composed an oratorio called The Dream of Gerontius.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 This was because the orchestra and choir had only had two weeks to learn it and also because the conductor did not like Elgar's music anyway.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 Then it was performed in Düsseldorf in Germany and shortly afterwards in Westminster Cathedral, London.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 Elgar was given a doctorate (title of Dr) by the University of Cambridge and he was becoming famous.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 The Apostles is the first one, the second one became The Kingdom but the third one, which would have been about the Last Judgement, was never written.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 The oratorio is about the disciples of Jesus and the way they react to the amazing things that Jesus does.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 There are six soloists: the narrator (who tells the story)-  he has a tenor voice and also does the part of St John, St Peter (bass), Jesus (bass) and Judas (bass) and the two female singers: the soprano who is both the Blessed Virgin and the angel Gabriel, and the mezzo-soprano who is Mary Magdalene.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 He spent a lot of time looking at different translations of the Bible and combining sentences from several of the versions.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 Elgar shows Judas as a person who was trying to make a situation in which Jesus would have to perform a miracle to prove that he was the Son of God.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 Unlike The Dream of Gerontius which people did not like the first time they heard it, The Apostles was an immediate success with audience and critics.
The Apostles (Elgar) 
 The Apostles is a strange mixture of words from different parts of the bible, but it has some very beautiful music.
Knot (speed) 
 This is based on the internationally agreed length of the nautical mile, as adopted by the US in 1954 (which previously used the US nautical mile of 1853.248 m), the UK in 1970 (which previously used the UK or Admiralty nautical mile of 1853.184 m) and other countries.
Knot (speed) 
 The speeds of relevant fluids, such as tidal streams, river currents and wind speeds, are also usually specified in knots.
Knot (speed) 
 Knots are then also used to describe the actual speed of a vessel over the ground (SOG) and for its rate of progress toward a distant point ('velocity made good' or VMG).
Knot (speed) 
 One (international) knot is the same as 1.852 kilometres per hour (km·h−1), and is approximately equal to the following:
Knot (speed) 
 Although knots do not fit within the primary SI system, they are used for nautical and aviation use  for navigational reasons, because the length of a nautical mile is almost identical to a minute of latitude.
Knot (speed) 
 As a result, distance in nautical miles on a navigational chart can easily be measured by using dividers and the latitude indicators on the side of the chart.
Knot (speed) 
 Non-SI units accepted for use with the SI, and units based on fundamental constants  - At one time, the knot, along with the nautical mile, was discouraged for use by the BIPM, but it is now officially accepted for use (as of the 8th edition of the SI brochure), since its use is "expected to continue indefinitely", as well as having an exact SI definition.
Knot (disambiguation) 
 knot (speed), a unit of water or air speed ideally equaling 1 nautical mile per hour, depending on the relative motion of the medium
Knot (disambiguation) 
 knot (wood), a mark left in timber by the origin of branches; the knot's grain travels in a different direction to the trunk of the tree
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 Beecham did not start to get his players together until three weeks before the first concert which took place in Croydon on September 15, 1946.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 When the orchestra toured the United States in 1950 they were the first British orchestra to visit America since the London Symphony Orchestra in 1912.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 After Beecham’s death, the orchestra was made into a self-governing group, like the other London orchestras.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 In 1963 the Royal Philharmonic Society decided they would stop asking the RPO to play for their concerts, and in Glyndebourne, where the RPO had played for the opera since 1948, the London Philharmonic Orchestra became the resident orchestra instead.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 The orchestra had made an agreement with the Royal Philharmonic Society about the concerts it would play.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 In the 1960s the work they were doing no longer allowed them to call themselves “Royal”, so in 1966 the Queen officially gave them the title “Royal”.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 In 1992 the orchestra appointed Peter Maxwell Davies as associate conductor and composer of the RPO.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 On April 7, 1994, the Royal Philharmonic had the honour of performing at the Vatican in the historic "Papal Concert to Commemorate the Holocaust" with Sir Gilbert Levine.
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra 
 From 1964 to 1979 they recorded many Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company.
Adrian Boult 
 He then went to the Leipzig Conservatory where he learnt to conduct by watching the great Hungarian conductor Arthur Nikisch.
Adrian Boult 
 He sang in choral festivals and at the Leeds Festival of 1913, where he went to watch Nikisch conduct.
Adrian Boult 
 During World War I he worked for the War Office, and while he was there in 1918 he planned a series of concerts with the London Symphony Orchestra, which included several important new British works including Gustav Holst's The Planets, A London Symphony by Ralph Vaughan Williams, and Elgar's Symphony No.
Adrian Boult 
 In 1924 Boult became conductor of the City of Birmingham Orchestra—now the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra — and in 1930 he was made Director of Music at the BBC.
Adrian Boult 
 When the BBC formed the BBC Symphony Orchestra, Boult also became its chief conductor, combining both jobs.
Adrian Boult 
 Boult became famous for conducting a wide repertoire, including the very modern-sounding music of Arnold Schoenberg.
Adrian Boult 
 After the war the BBC started the BBC Third Programme and Boult was involved in many new plans for concerts and recordings.
Adrian Boult 
 Some people were saying that the music on the BBC was not so good and that Boult ought to retire when he became 60 in 1949.
Adrian Boult 
 His last public performance was conducting Elgar's ballet The Sanguine Fan for London Festival Ballet at the Coliseum, in London on 24 June 1978.
Adrian Boult 
 Boult wrote two books about conducting, Thoughts on Conducting and A handbook on the technique of conducting.
Adrian Boult 
 He also wrote an autobiography:  My Own Trumpet (the expression “to blow one’s own trumpet” means: “to boast about oneself).
Franz Lehár 
 Franz Lehár (born 30 April 1870; died 24 October 1948) was an Austrian composer of Hungarian descent.
Franz Lehár 
 In 1902 he became conductor at the historic Vienna Theater an der Wien, where his first opera Wiener Frauen was performed in November of that year.
Franz Lehár 
 The best known one is The Merry Widow (in German: Die lustige Witwe) which is probably the most popular of all operettas.
Franz Lehár 
 He also wrote sonatas, symphonic poems, marches, and a number of waltzes, some of which come from his famous operettas.
Franz Lehár 
 Some of the songs from his operettas have become very well-known, especially "Vilja" from The Merry Widow and "You Are My Heart's Delight" ("Dein ist mein ganzes Herz") from The Land of Smiles.
Rings of Neptune 
 The planet Neptune has a dim planetary ring system which is made up of several separate rings and some "ring arcs".
Rings of Neptune 
 The "rings arcs" are part of the outer ring called the Adams ring and are not to be seen anywhere else.
Rings of Neptune 
 The ring particles (small parts) are unusually dark colored, and have large amounts of microscopic dust.
Rings of Neptune 
 The evidence that they were there was first seen when scientists were watching the planet as it passed between the Earth and a star. (
Rings of Neptune 
 Scientists watched this happen 50 times, and on five of those times in the early 1980s they saw the star give a little "blink" just before or after the planet covered it.
Rings of Neptune 
 Voyager 2 sent back pictures that gave most of the information that scientists now have about the rings of Neptune.
Rings of Neptune 
 Not only did the pictures give a closer view, but they also showed the rings in a way that cannot ever be seen from earth.
Rings of Neptune 
 When the spacecraft went past the planet, it took pictures with the sun shining behind the rings, as well.
Rings of Neptune 
 Big particles in the rings looked dark against the sunlight, but all tiny dust particles (microscopic dust) shone brightly when the sun was behind it.
Rings of Neptune 
 This allowed the scientists to work out what the rings were made of, and how all the particles were arranged.
Rings of Neptune 
 As better types of telescopes have been developed, scientists can now see some of the rings from earth.
Rings of Neptune 
 The brightness of Neptune makes it hard to see the rings, which are much dimmer and the faintest rings still cannot be seen, even with vey powerful telescopes.
Rings of Neptune 
 The most famous of Neptune's rings is the thin outer Adams ring, although by comparison with the rings of the planets Saturn or Uranus, it is very hard to see.
Rings of Neptune 
 It was originally named as 1989 N1R. The reason that the Adams ring is famous is that it has a feature that has not been seen on any other planetary rings.
Rings of Neptune 
 These are three long narrow "arcs" which are much brighter and look more solid than the rest of the ring system.
Rings of Neptune 
 All the arcs are close to each other, spanning under 40° of longitude, only about 1/8th of the edge of the ring.
Rings of Neptune 
 It has been a puzzle to understand why the stuff in these arcs does not spread out evenly through the whole ring.
Rings of Neptune 
 These names came from the famous saying of the French Revolution, which translates into English as "Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood!".
Rings of Neptune 
 These names were suggested by the scientists who discovered them during stellar occultations in 1984 and 1985.
Rings of Neptune 
 It is a lumpy mass of rock that orbits around the planet at about the same speed as the planet is rotating.
Rings of Neptune 
 Many scientists now think that it is the effect of the moon Galatea that is causing the three arcs in the Adam's ring.
Rings of Neptune 
 The best photos that came back from Voyager 2 showed that there are clumps of particles in the rings, but no-one can tell whether they are made of fine dust, or if there may be bigger particles in the clumps as well.
Rings of Neptune 
 Scientists know this because they looked very bright in the photos that Voyager 2 took with the sun shining behind them.
Rings of Neptune 
 The background particles that make up the ring look twice as bright near the three arcs as they do on the side of the ring that is opposite the arcs.
Rings of Neptune 
 With the arrival of the Hubble Space Telescope and adaptive optics ground-based telescopes the ring arcs have been re-examined several times, starting in July 1998.
Rings of Neptune 
 This has showed that they are amazingly active, changing a lot over only a few years: Fraternité and Égalité have been exchanging material and changing their lengths noticeably.
Rings of Neptune 
 Even more dramatically, Liberté appears to be fading away, being only 30% of its original 1989 brightness in 2003, and hardly visible in Hubble Space Telescope images from June 2005.
Rings of Neptune 
 In the meantime, it seems to have gotten a split two-humped profile, and wandered several degrees closer to the more stable Égalité.
Rings of Neptune 
 Courage, a very small and dim arc during the Voyager flyby, was seen to flare in brightness in 1998, while more recently it was back to its usual dimness but had advanced by an additional 8° ahead of the other arcs.
Rings of Neptune 
 However, visible light observations show that the total amount of material in the arcs has remained approximately steady, but they are dimmer in the infra-red where previous observations were taken.
Rings of Neptune 
 In addition to the outer Adams Ring, the other ring arrangements in the direction of Neptune's surface are:
Rings of Neptune 
 The large Lassell Ring (1989 N4R), is a thin sheet extending for 4000 km inwards of about 59,200 km radius.
Rings of Neptune 
 It is dusty but less than some of the other rings, being comparable in this situation to the continuous piece of the Adams ring.
Rings of Neptune 
 There is a brightness enhencement on its outer edge which has been called the Arago Ring (1989 N5R), and the Lassell Ring's inner edge abuts the LeVerrier Ring.
Rings of Neptune 
 The narrow LeVerrier ring (1989 N2R) is the second most famous of Neptune's rings, and lies just outside the orbit of the moon Despina by about 700 km.
Rings of Neptune 
 Voyager pictures appear to also suggest a wide disc of scattered material extending inside of the 50,000 km radius which surrounds the Galle ring, but is difficult to tell apart from Neptune's brightness, and for this reason its existence is uncertain.
Igor Diakonov 
 Igor Mikhailovich Diakonov (December 30, 1914 (January 12, 1915), Petrograd – May 2, 1999, St Petersburg) was a Russian historian, linguist, and translator.