the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Bird flu 
 Governments around the world are spending billions of dollars to deal with this problem: studying H5N1, creating vaccines, conducting pandemic practice exercises, stockpiling useful flu medication, and many other important activities.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 The publication led to an outcry, and sparked violent protests in the Islamic world, with many people dying.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 The crisis began after cartoons depicting the Islamic prophet Muhammad were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on September 30, 2005.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 As the controversy has grown, some or all of the cartoons have been reprinted in newspapers in more than fifty other countries.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 Critics claims that the cartoons are culturally insulting, Islamophobic, blasphemous, and intended to humiliate a "marginalized" minority.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 However, supporters of the cartoons claim they illustrate an important issue and their publication exercises the right of free speech.
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy 
 They have also claimed that similar cartoons are made relative to other religions, arguing that Islam and its followers have not been targeted in a discriminatory way.
Blasphemy 
 For example, after the French Revolution, France made blasphemy legal to make sure people would have freedom of religion and the freedom of the press.
Blasphemy 
 The United States, Canada, and many European countries, have laws to protect people who speak badly about religion.
Blasphemy 
 Comprehensive academic study comparing global legal approaches to blasphemy in light of the Jyllands-Posten controversy
Blasphemy 
 A More4 news film report on how insulting the prophet Mohammed in Pakistan is a capital offence, and defiling the Koran carries life imprisonment.
Brie 
 Brie is a type of soft cheese with a yellowish interior and a white layer (the "rind") on the outside of the cheese.
Brie 
 The cheese is sometimes served slightly melted or baked, in a round, lidded ceramic dish, and topped with nuts or fruit, or both.
Brie 
 This is ignored by some countries outside Europe, but the system of AOC is used in the wine business, so many parts of the world do honour it, and have similar arrangements.
Brie 
 The milk of soft cheeses (à pate molle in French) is not heated during the production of the cheese.
Brie 
 In Europe this cheese is usually not treated chemically, so it might change in consistency or color.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 
 He changed sides and served the French Revolution and Napoleon I. When Napoleon started losing his wars, Talleyrand changed sides again and served  Louis XVIII.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 
 He changed sides once more and served Louis Philippe I. Since the beginning of the 19th century he was known simply as Talleyrand.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord 
 He was known to accept bribes from other European powers, especially while he served under Napoleon.
Pasteurization 
 Pasteurization (or pasteurisation) is a process of heat processing a liquid or a food to kill pathogenic bacteria to make the food safe to eat.
Pasteurization 
 It  brings their number down so they are unlikely to cause disease if the product is kept in the refrigerator and consumed before its sell-by date.
Pasteurization 
 Commercial sterilization of food is not common, because it tends to destroy the flavour of the food.
Pasteurization 
 Milk only labeled pasteurized (or past) is usually treated with the HTST method, whereas milk labelled ultra-pasteurized or UHT must be treated with the UHT method.
Pasteurization 
 HTST is when the milk is at a temperature of 72 degrees Celsius (or 161.5 degrees Fahrenheit) for at least 15 seconds.
Pasteurization 
 Pasteurization rules are usually set by national food safety agencies (like the USDA in the United States and the Food Standards Agency in the United Kingdom).
Pasteurization 
 There are different rules for different dairy products, depending on the fat content and what they will be used for.
Pasteurization 
 For example, the pasteurization rules for cream are different than the rules for fluid milk, and the standards for pasteurizing cheese are designed to keep the phosphatase enzyme fresh, which helps in making the cheese.
Pasteurization 
 HTST pasteurized milk normally has a refrigerated shelf life of two or three weeks, but ultra pasteurized milk can last much longer when refrigerated, sometimes two or three months.
Pasteurization 
 When UHT pasteurization is mixed with safe handling and container technology, it can even be stored unrefrigerated for even longer periods of time.
Pasteurization 
 In addition to the standard HTST and UHT pasteurization standards, there are other lesser-known pasteurization techniques.
Pasteurization 
 The first technique, called "batch pasteurization", involves heating large batches of milk to a lower temperature, typically .
Pasteurization 
 The other technique is called higher-heat/shorter time (HHST), and it lies somewhere between HTST and UHT in terms of time and temperature.
Pasteurization 
 It cannot be called "pasteurized", even though a significant number of pathogens are destroyed during the process.
Pasteurization 
 In recent years, there has been some consumer interest in raw milk products, due to perceived health benefits.
Pasteurization 
 Advocates of raw milk maintain, correctly, that some components survive in milk that has not been pasteurized.
Pasteurization 
 Specifically, raw milk contains immunoglobulins and the enzymes lipase and phosphatase, which are inactivated by heat.
Pasteurization 
 Some doctors (and some raw milk advocates) acknowledge that certain people should not drink raw milk, including pregnant or breast-feeding mothers, those undergoing immunosuppression treatment for cancer, organ transplant, or autoimmune diseases; and those who are immunocompromised due to medical conditions such as AIDS.
Pasteurization 
 In fact, some doctors suggest that babies and breast-feeding mothers avoid all but UHT pasteurized dairy products.
Pasteurization 
 This intense heating greatly changes the flavor of milk, which the people in Africa are accustomed to.
Pasteurization 
 Milk pasteurization standards have been subject to increasing scrutiny in recent years, due to the discovery of pathogens that are both widespread and heat resistant (able to survive pasteurization in significant numbers).
Pasteurization 
 Researchers have developed more sensitive diagnostics, such as real-time PCR and improved culture methods, that have enabled them to identify pathogens in pasteurized milk.
Pasteurization 
 One bacterium in particular, the organism Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), which causes Johne's disease in cattle and is suspected of causing at least some Crohn's disease in humans, has been found to survive pasteurization in retail milk in the U.S., the U.K., Greece, and the Czech Republic.
Pasteurization 
 The food safety authorities in the U.K. have decided to re-evaluate pasteurization standards in light of the MAP results and other evidence of harmful, pasteurization-resistant pathogens.
Pasteurization 
 The USDA (which is responsible for setting pasteurization standards in the U.S.) has not re-evaluated their position on pasteurization adequacy.
Pasteurization 
 They do not dispute the studies, which are at this point accepted by the scientific community, but maintain that the presence of MAP in retail pasteurized milk must be due to post-pasteurization contamination.
Pasteurization 
 However, some researchers within the FDA, which is responsible for food safety in the U.S., have begun pushing for a re-evaluation of these results.
Pasteurization 
 There is a small but growing body of criticism directed at these agencies by Crohn's disease sufferers, scientists, and doctors.
Pasteurization 
 Some have suggested that the U.S. dairy industry has been successful in suppressing the agencies' response to a potential health crisis, for fear of consumer panic which would lead to a decrease in milk consumption.
Pasteurization 
 It is worth noting that while MAP has not been definitely proven to be harmful in humans, all other mycobacteria are pathogenic, and it has been definitively shown to cause disease in cattle and other ruminants.
Pasteurization 
 A newer method called flash pasteurization involves shorter exposure to higher temperatures, and is claimed to be better for preserving color and taste in some products.
Pasteurization 
 The term cold pasteurization is used sometimes for the use of ionizing radiation (see food irradiation) or other means (e.g. chemical) to kill bacteria in food.
Soft cheese 
 Soft cheese (in French: Fromage à pate molle) is any kind of cheese that does not get heated during production.
Cult 
 In modern times the term "cult" usually does not mean a mainstream religion, but a group set up "in opposition to a centre of established authority".
Cult 
 Cults have beliefs or practices that many people think of as being odd, or that have practices that most people in the world do not practice.
Cult 
 More than that, cults have often been led by people who are not elected, and control the group according to their own wishes.
Cult 
 Of course, a "suicide" enforced by armed guards carrying sub-machine guns (Peoples Temple; Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God) is not a simple suicide as generally understood.
Cult 
 What is at one point in time considered a cult may later be accepted as a religion and what at one point of time is considered an accepted religion may later become a cult.
Cult 
 The objective is to prevent the faithful from thinking critically, and making choices in their own best interest.
Cult 
 "I will state that coercive persuasion and thought reform techniques are effectively practiced on naïve, uninformed subjects with disastrous health consequences.
Cult 
 I will try to give enough information to indicate my reasons for further inquiries as well as review of applicable legal processes".
Cult 
 They receive what seems to be unconditional love, acceptance, and attention from a charismatic leader or group;
Cult 
 They are subject to entrapment (isolation from friends, relatives and the mainstream culture) and their access to information is severely controlled.
Cult 
 Society for the Scientific Study of Religion stated in 1990 that there was not sufficient research for a consensus, and that "one should not automatically equate the techniques involved in the process of physical coercion and control with those of nonphysical coercion and control".
Cult 
 Their interest in the individual’s development within the cult towards some kind of satisfactory individual adult personality is by their doctrines, very low or nonexistent.
Cult 
 It is clear that almost all of them emphasize money making in one form or another, although a few seem to be very much involved in demeaning or self denigrating activities and rituals.
Cult 
 Most of them that I have studied possess a good deal of property and money which is under the discretionary control of the individual leaders".
Cult 
 The Branch Davidians under the direction of David Koresh used violence against Federal agencies, with tragic results for both sides.
Cult 
 These guards killed the visiting U.S. Congressman Ryan, and stood around the believers as they committed suicide.
The Cult 
 They formed in 1982 under the name Death Cult and later renamed to Southern Death Cult in 1983, then was again renamed to their current name The Cult.
1028 
 November 12 – Dying Emperor Constantine VIII of the Byzantine Empire marries his daughter Zoe of Byzantium to his chosen heir Romanus Argyrus.
James A. Michener 
 In his final years, he lived in Austin, Texas, where he died of kidney failure on October 16, 1997 at the age of 90.
1150s 
 Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry II of England and brings the province of Aquitaine to English control.
War of 1812 
 The War of 1812 was fought between the British Empire and the United States from 1812 to 1815 on land in North America and at sea.
War of 1812 
 The British forces were helped by Canadian militia (volunteers) and Native Americans because British soldiers were busy fighting Napoleon I in Europe.
War of 1812 
 It was the practice of the British to arrest any man they found on a street and to force him to serve on their ships.
War of 1812 
 In 1807, an American ship was boarded and then fired on, which created outrage among the American public.
War of 1812 
 The numbers of American seamen pressed into British service is not well known and may have been greatly exaggerated.
War of 1812 
 The British were also sponsoring Native American territories in the Midwest to stop the United States from expanding westward.
War of 1812 
 The Americans thought that the British would be busy fighting the French during the Napoleonic Wars to do much in North America.
War of 1812 
 The poem was later used to give the words to a song that later became the US national anthem: "The Star Spangled Banner."
War of 1812 
 On July 2, 1812, the Cuyahoga Packet, an American ship, was captured by Canadian Lieutenant Frederic Rolette in the Detroit River.
War of 1812 
 On July 12, 1812, Americans from Detroit won offensives in Upper Canada and were led by William Hull.
War of 1812 
 On July 17, 1812, a force of British troops, French voyageurs, and Indians captured Fort Mackinac, in Michigan territory.
War of 1812 
 In the Siege of Detroit (August 15-16, 1812), Americans led by Commander William Hull resisted the British troops of Isaac Brock and their allies Tecumseh's Confederacy.
War of 1812 
 When Hull surrendered Detroit, 1600 American militia were freed and escorted south by the Canadians to protect them from Tecumseh's Confederacy.
War of 1812 
 On August 19, 1812, the ships of USS Constitution and HMS Guerriere fought a battle about 400 miles (650 km) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia.
War of 1812 
 On October 13, 1812, British defenders under Major General Isaac Brock attacked American occupation forces at the Battle of Queenston Heights.
War of 1812 
 Fighting continued into January 1815 because the forces did not know about the treaty, but no great changes took place afterward.
War of 1812 
 The Federalist Party, which had opposed the war, became disliked as pro-British and soon disappeared.
War of 1812 
 The British remembered it as the Americans trying to take advantage of their being involved in a war against the French Empire and paid no attention to American grievances.
War of 1812 
 In Quebec there was little love for the British, but the British had guaranteed their right to speak French.
War of 1812 
 Since they did not know what would happen if the Americans took over, they chose the lesser evil and supported the British.
War of 1812 
 Upper Canada (later part of the Province of Ontario) had been settled by American Loyalists who fled after the Revolutionary War.
War of 1812 
 They had little love of their former countrymen in the US but had become outnumbered by Americans who later came north to settle.
War of 1812 
 When the Americans attempted to invade Canada, the Canadian militias were eager to defend their homeland.
War of 1812 
 Some may remember The Star Spangled Banner, the Burning of Washington, or the Battle of New Orleans.
War of 1812 
 Since the British Navy was then the most powerful in the world, it was easier to attack the British on land by invading Canada.
War of 1812 
 Former US President Thomas Jefferson predicted the "acquisition of Canada, will be a mere matter of marching."
War of 1812 
 The Americans felt they won although they lost in Canada since they lost none of their territory, repelled the invasion of Maryland, were free to fight the Indians without British interference, and were no longer impressed on the high seas.
War of 1812 
 Of all three, the British are perhaps the happiest because they have completely forgotten about the war.
Chandigarh 
 Before 1 november,1966 it was capital of Punjab, but after formation of Haryana on 1 November, 1966 it become a union territory.
Chandigarh 
 It is well known for its mixed cultural background and its fast development in the field of Information Technology.
Chandigarh 
 It has outlets of many famous multinational companies established here and is emerging as a hub for business development.
Chandigarh 
 The territory covers an area of 44 mi² or 114 km², it is bigger than Montserrat but smaller than Jersey.
Convection 
 The movement of the clouds, the ocean currents and many types of heaters are examples of convection.
Convection 
 Convection can happen naturally ("natural convection") or because of a moving device ("forced convection").
Convection 
 Natural convection happens because a fluid is lighter if is hot and it is heavier if is cold, so if a fluid has a hot part and a cold part, the hot part will naturally move upward and the cold part naturally moves downward.
Convection 
 For example, if the water in a pot is hotter near the bottom because of the fire, it moves from the bottom to the surface.
Convection 
 Convection currents occur when there are significant differences in temperature between two parts of a fluid.
Chipmunk 
 The name may have originally been spelled "chitmunk" (perhaps from a Native American word meaning "red squirrel").
Vicente Mondéjar Piccio 
 He was Chief of the Philippine Air Force during the last years of the dictatorship of Marcos, notably during the 1986 People Power Revolution.
Donald Duck 
 Donald Duck is the third most popular cartoon character of all time, after Mickey Mouse and Bugs Bunny.
1717 
 February 26-March 6 What is now the northeastern United States was paralyzed by a series of blizzards that buried the region.
1717 
 March 2 — Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain shown in Drury Lane  The Loves of Mars and Venus.
1717 
 March 31 – Bishop Benjamin Hoadly, acting on the advice of King George begins the Bangorian Controversy by saying that God favors churches with no government.
1717 
 September: The first known Druid revival ceremony is held by John Toland at Primrose Hill, in London, at the Autumnal Equinox, to found the Mother Grove, what is later to become the Ancient Order of Druids (AOD).
1717 
 December 24/25 A disastrous storm flood hits the North Sea coast between the Netherlands and Denmark.
1717 
 A rift between George I of Great Britain and his son the Prince of Wales leads to the latter being thrown out of the royal household.
Book of Esther 
 Esther is the name of a book in the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and the Old Testament, and also its title heroine.
Book of Esther 
 Although it is never said who wrote the book of Esther, from inside evidence it is possible to make some guesses about the author and when it was written.
Book of Esther 
 The author was a Jew, because he emphasizes where the Jewish festival came from and from the Jewish nationalism inside the story.
Book of Esther 
 The author probably lived in a Persian city, because he knew Persian customs well, and does not say anything about the land of Judah or Jerusalem.
Book of Esther 
 The earliest date of the book would be a little while after the events were told, for instance, about 460 B.C. (before Ezra's return to Jerusalem).
Book of Esther 
 It is also thought that the festival of Purim had been celebrated some time before this book was written.
Book of Esther 
 The author's main purpose was to write about how the yearly festival of Purim started and to make people remember the saving of the Jewish people during King Xerxes' reign.
Book of Esther 
 In the book, the author repeatedly talks about the conflict between Israel and the Amalekites, a conflict that began during the exodus and continued through Israel's history.
Book of Esther 
 Now that Israel has been released from captivity, Haman's dangerous edict is the final try in the Old Testament time to get rid of them.
Book of Esther 
 The three groups of banquets come in pairs; there are two lists of the king's servants; two reports that Esther hid her identity; two gatherings of women; two houses for the women; two fasts; two talks by Haman with his wife and friends; two sudden visits to the king by Esther; two coverings of Haman's face; two royal commands; two cool-downs of the king's anger; two days for the Jews to protect themselves and take vengeance; and two letters about how Purim started.
Book of Esther 
 Another important feature of this book that has often been wondered about is that it never directly talks about God, worship, prayer, or sacrifice.
Book of Esther 
 However, it is possible that the author purposefully did not say anything about God or anything religious to show more clearly that it is God who controls all the "unimportant" coincidences that are in the story and ends in saving the Jews.
Book of Esther 
 The Persian King Xerxes kicked out his wife, Queen Vashti, after she refused his demand, and fell in love with Esther at a beauty contest.
Book of Esther 
 Haman, Xerxes' prime minister, developed a grudge against Mordecai because he would not bow down to him, but only to the God of Israel.
Book of Esther 
 He despised Mordecai because he was a Jew, and tried to trick the king into making a law to kill all Jews.
Book of Esther 
 When the king returned, he mistakenly believed Haman had molested his queen, and had him hanged on the same gallows that Haman had prepared for Mordecai.
Book of Esther 
 In the end, thanks to Esther's courage and influence, the king changed the law and saved the Jewish people.
Clay 
 There are 35 recognized clay mineral species on Earth, they make muds stick together ('cohesive'), or able to flow ('plastic').
Clay 
 This means a clay particle will travel 1000 times further at constant water velocity, thus requiring quieter conditions for settlement.
Rifle 
 By moving the bolt backward, then forward, allows the shooter put a bullet in the chamber ready for firing.
Rifle 
 Some rifles are semi-automatics, where a bullet is loaded (automatically) and fired each time the trigger is pulled.
Rifle 
 Some are fully automatic, which work like semi-automatics but allow the shooter to fire more than one bullet at a time by holding down the trigger.
Deuterocanonical books 
 It usually means the parts of the Bible that are only used by some Christian churches (mostly Roman Catholic and Orthodox).
Deuterocanonical books 
 The books only exist in Greek language manuscripts that were written by the Jewish people living in Greek speaking areas of the Mediterranean Sea between 250 and 50 BC, as were all of the books of the Old Testament.
Deuterocanonical books 
 It was not until circa 900 AD that the Old Testament as known in Jewish and Protestant religions was written in Hebrew and limited to the current so-called "canons".
Deuterocanonical books 
 The books are not part of the Jewish Tanakh (also called the Hebrew Bible), although they were quoted as Scripture well into the Middle Ages as is found in the Jewish Mishna and later Rabbinical writings, even into the 6th century AD.
Deuterocanonical books 
 The Book of Daniel and the Book of Esther are longer in Catholic Bibles than in Protestant Bibles because they have more stories.
Deuterocanonical books 
 Many, but not all Protestant churches do not accept these books as inspired by God and use the derogatory term for them: Apocrypha.
Deuterocanonical books 
 Martin Luther considered these books good to read while John Calvin read and studied them but did not think they should be part of the Bible.
Sidekick 
 In fiction, the other person is often a crimefighter or superhero, such as Batman and his sidekick Robin.
Sidekick 
 Some people consider Sancho Panza, Don Quixote's ever-faithful companion, to be a type of sidekick, even though the book was written long before the word sidekick was invented.
Nicobar Islands 
 The highest point on the Nicobars is Mount Thullier at 642 m. The population of the islands was 42,026 in 2001, roughly 65% of whom are indigenous peoples (the Nicobarese and Shompen peoples, listed among the Scheduled Tribes of India), and 35% migrants from India and Sri Lanka.