the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Pressure gradient 
 In atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields), the pressure gradient (typically of air, more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes in which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location.
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory 
 The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) is a laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR).
Puerto Morelos 
 The original coastal fishing village is now a laid-back, mixed-use neighborhood of private homes, hotels, condominiums, restaurants, and tourist shops.
Cabo Catoche 
 Cabo Catoche or Cape Catoche, in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, is the northernmost point on the Yucatán Peninsula.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The meteorological history of Hurricane Ivan, the longest tracked tropical cyclone of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season, lasted from late August through late September.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Moving westward from the effects of a ridge, favorable conditions allowed it to develop into Tropical Depression Nine on September 2 in the deep tropical Atlantic Ocean.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The cyclone slowly intensified until September 5, when it underwent rapid deepening and reached Category 4 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale; at the time Ivan was the southernmost major hurricane on record.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan quickly weakened because of dry air, but it slowly reorganized itself, passing just south of Grenada as a major hurricane on September 7.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Over next the days its intensity changed largely due to eyewall replacement cycles, and Ivan passed just south of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, and western Cuba with winds at or slightly below Category 5 status.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Turning northward and encountering unfavorable conditions, Ivan slowly weakened before making landfall just west of Gulf Shores, Alabama, on September 16 with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The cyclone quickly weakened to tropical depression status as it turned to the northeast, and Ivan transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on September 18.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The remnant low of Ivan turned to the south and southwest, and after crossing Florida on September 21 it began to regain tropical characteristics.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 It became a tropical depression again on September 22 to the southeast of Louisiana, and Ivan reached winds of 60 mph (95 km/h) before weakening and moving ashore along southwestern Louisiana as a tropical depression; the circulation of Ivan dissipated after crossing into Texas on September 25.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The cyclone broke several intensity records, and its duration was the tenth longest on record for an Atlantic hurricane.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 A tropical system along the wave axis contained a low pressure area as well as an impressive outflow pattern, though originally its convection was disorganized and limited.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 By September 1 a cyclonic circulation with a diameter of 690 mile (1115 km) was seen on satellite imagery, well to the southeast of the Cape Verde Islands, and several hurricane forecast models expected development and strengthening.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As it moved quickly westward, the convection organized and developed into rainbands–bands of showers and thunderstorms that move in a spiral direction towards the center of the storm–and late on September 1 meteorologists began tracking the system using the Dvorak technique.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Low amounts of wind shear and favorable outflow allowed strong deep convection to develop and persist near the center, and by 1800 UTC on September 2 the system developed into Tropical Depression Nine about 450 miles (730 km) southwest of Praia, Cape Verde.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After being classified as a tropical cyclone, the depression was embedded within a deep easterly steering current provided by a ridge to its north.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Expected to move across sea surface temperatures greater than 82 °F (28 °C), the cyclone was forecasted to slowly strengthen and within four days become a hurricane; the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory predicted the depression to reach Category 4 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale within three days.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Increased northeasterly wind shear shifted the center to the northeastern edge of the deep convection, and despite the shear and its relatively low latitude of 9.7° N, the depression strengthened to attain tropical storm status early on September 3; upon reaching the intensity, the National Hurricane Center classified the system as Tropical Storm Ivan.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Tropical Storm Ivan slowly became more organized as wind shear decreased, and its outflow expanded in all quadrants.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Satellite imagery late on September 3 showed a well-defined curved band wrapping around much of the circulation.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The next day, the deep convection temporarily became disorganzied, before reorganizing and developing an eye feature.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Convection strengthened further as the feature transitioned into an eye, and Ivan became a hurricane at around 0600 UTC on September 5.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After reaching hurricane status, Ivan began to rapidly intensify with continued favorable conditions, and in an 18 hour period the pressure dropped 39 mbar (1.15 inHg) as the winds increased by 60 mph (95 km/h); early on September 6 Ivan reached its first peak intensity of 135 mph (215 km/h) while about 825 miles (1330 km) east of the island of Tobago in the southern Lesser Antilles.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 While at major hurricane status, Ivan kept very strong convection in its core with a well-defined eye.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Operationally, the probability for further rapid strengthening was considered nearly nine times the average of a normal hurricane.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Hurricane Hunters found a Saharan Air Layer in the northern portion of the eye, leaving the eyewall eroded which caused a marked decrease in winds; by late on September 6 Ivan weakened to winds of 105 mph (165 km/h).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The inner eyewall died out as a 23 mile (37 km) outer eyewall became took over, and at the same time, the overall organization of the hurricane improved.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan then re-gained major hurricane status as it approached the Lesser Antilles, and at 2130 UTC on September 7 the cyclone passed 7 miles (11 km) south-southwest of the southern tip of Grenada, its closest approach to the island.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 At the time, the hurricane maintained an eye diameter of 12 miles (19 km), with the northern portion of the eyewall producing strong winds on the island.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Subsequently, it underwent another eyewall replacement cycle, and for about 18 hours the intensity stayed the same as it paralleled the northern coast of Venezuela offshore.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Another period of rapid deepening began late on September 8 as its motion turned to the west-northwest.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Hurricane Hunters recorded flight-level sustained winds of 180 mph (290 km/h) to the north and northeast of the eye, and a dropsonde about 630 feet (190 m) above the surface recorded winds of 200 mph (325 km/h) and an extrapolated pressure of 916 mbar (27.05 inHg).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Based on the reports, it is estimated Ivan attained Category 5 status at 0600 UTC on September 9, while about 90 miles (145 km) north of Aruba.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After maintaining Category 5 status for about 12 hours, Ivan began a steady weakening trend because of another eyewall replacement cycle until reaching winds of 140 mph (225 km/h) on September 10.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Early next day, the hurricane reorganized as it reached winds just al little bit below of Category 5 status.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 However, the storm weakened again beause of another eyewall replacement cycle, and at 0330 UTC on September 11 Ivan passed 23 miles (37 km) south of Portland Point, Jamaica, its closest approach, with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The hurricane was previously forecasted to make landfall on the island, though the weakening and a turn to the west kept the strongest winds offshore; the last-minute turn to the west was due to a mid-level high pressure system over the eastern Gulf of Mexico.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 A slight weakening trend continued, due to its northern outflow being disrupted by an upper-level low over the Bahamas.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As it tracked further away from Jamaica, Ivan again rapidly intensified to Category 5 status, and early on September 12 it reached its peak intensity of 165 mph (265 km/h) with a pressure of 910 mbar (26.87 inHg).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Shortly after peaking in intensity, the hurricane again weakened as it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 At 1415 UTC on September 12 Ivan passed 25 miles (40 km) south-southwest of George Town, Cayman Islands, with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h).
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After its eyewall became re-established Ivan attained Category 5 status for a third time early on September 13.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Shortly thereafter, a trough created a weakness in the ridge to its north, causing the hurricane to turn to the northwest.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The combination of the combination of enhanced outflow from the trough and very warm waters allowed Ivan to maintain Category 5 status for 30 hours.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Early on September 14 the hurricane passed through the Yucatán Channel about 17 miles (28 km) southwest of Cabo San Antonio, Cuba, with the eastern portion of the eyewall crossing the western portion of the island.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After entering the southern Gulf of Mexico, Hurricane Ivan weakened to Category 4 status by 0600 UTC on September 14.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As it slowly turned to the north, southwesterly flow from a large trough over the central United States increased wind shear over the hurricane.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 An eyewall replacement cycle, along with dry air and restricted outflow, contributed to the weakening.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 By late on September 14 the weakening trend ceased as the eyewall became better defined, and Ivan was expected to restrengthen a little bit over an area of warmer water temperatures.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The eye diameter expanded to 60 miles (95 km/h), though concurrently westerly wind shear and dry continued to increase.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As Ivan approached the Gulf Coast of the United States, Hurricane Hunters reported erosion of the southern portion of the eyewall, and cooler waters just offshore contributed to further weakening.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 At around 0650 UTC on September 16, Hurricane Ivan made landfall just west of Gulf Shores, Alabama, with winds of 120 mph (195 km/h); the strongest winds occurred over a narrow area near the southern Alabama and western Florida border.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Upon moving ashore, the National Hurricane Center expected the forward path of Ivan to be blocked, and accordingly forecasted the hurricane to stall in the southern Appalachian Mountains before dissipating.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As the hurricane crossed Mobile Bay it turned to the north-northeast, and within twelve hours Ivan rapidly weakened to tropical storm status.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The circulation became less-defined, and early on September 17 the cyclone weakened into a tropical depression over northeastern Alabama.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan accelerated to the northeast ahead of an approaching cold front, dropping heavy rainfall along its path.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Late on September 18, the remnants of Ivan became an extratropical low as it merged with the cold front over the Delmarva Peninsula.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After becoming an extratropical low, the remnants of Ivan turned to the southeast and entered into the Atlantic Ocean, due to the building of an upper-level ridge to its east.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As an extratropical cyclone, Ivan remained identifiable in both surface and upper-level data, and the system turned south and southwestward over the next few days.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 By September 20, the system was off the east coast of Florida, creating scattered thunderstorms; unfavorable wind shear stopped tropical redevelopment, though forecasters mentioned the possibility for more favorable conditions a few days later.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 On September 21 the low crossed southern Florida and emerged into the Gulf of Mexico, and as it moved across the warm waters of the region the low began to re-acquire tropical characteristics; the low-level circulation became increasingly better defined, and convection redeveloped over the center.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Based on reports from Hurricane Hunters, it is estimated the low redeveloped into Tropical Depression Ivan late on September 22 while about 175 miles (280 km) south-southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 In its first advisory on the re-developed cyclone, the National Hurricane Center classified the system Ivan after considerable and sometimes animated in-house discussion of [its demise]... in the midst of a low-pressure and surface frontal system over the eastern United States... based primarily on the reasonable continuity observed in the analysis of the surface and low-level circulation.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 In spite of unfavorable wind shear and its disorganized cloud structure, the cyclone strengthened to tropical storm status early on September 23, based on Hurricane Hunter reports.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 As an area of deep convection developed over the center, Ivan reached winds of 60 mph (95 km/h), though the winds decreased as thunderstorm activity diminished.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan weakened to a tropical depression at 0000 UTC on September 24, and two hours later it moved ashore near Holly Beach, Louisiana.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 At first, computer models forecasted the low-level circulation to turn southwestward and re-emerge into the Gulf of Mexico.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 However, the storm rapidly weakened over land, and by 1200 UTC on September 24 Ivan degenerated into a remnant low pressure area over southeastern Texas.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 The remnant trough reached the northwestern Gulf of Mexico later that day, producing scatter thunderstorms for a short time, before it diminished.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan became the southernmost major hurricane on record after reaching Category 3 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale at 10.2° N. Additionally, the hurricane reached Category 4 and Category 5 status further south than any other Atlantic hurricane.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 At the time, Ivan was the sixth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record; but has now dropped to the tenth most intense Atlantic hurricane.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Throughout its existence, Ivan kept winds of major hurricane status or greater for a total of 10 days, establishing an Atlantic hurricane record.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 Lasting as a tropical cyclone for a total of 450 hours, Ivan was the tenth longest tracked Atlantic hurricane on record.
Storm history of Hurricane Ivan 
 After making its first landfall in the United States, the hurricane spawned a total of 117 tornadoes, which is the largest tornado outbreak caused by a tropical cyclone; this broke the previous record of 115 set by Hurricane Beulah in 1967.
Tropical cyclone scales 
 These scales are provided by several bodies, including the World Meteorological Organization, the National Hurricane Center, and the Bureau of Meteorology.
Tropical cyclone scales 
 The National Hurricane Center uses the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale for hurricanes in the eastern Pacific and Atlantic basins.
Tropical cyclone scales 
 The use of different definitions for maximum sustained wind creates additional confusion into the definitions of cyclone categories worldwide.
Gulf Shores, Alabama 
 However, since the year 2000, Baldwin County, Alabama as a whole, has experienced the second fastest rate of population growth in the state, behind only Shelby County, Alabama.
Hurricane Ivan 
 The storm formed as a Cape Verde-type hurricane in early September, and became the ninth named storm, the sixth hurricane, and the fourth major hurricane of the year.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, the highest possible category and the only one of the season.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan caused great damage to Grenada, which it struck directly at Category 3 strength, and heavy damage to Jamaica, Grand Cayman, and the western tip of Cuba.
Hurricane Ivan 
 After peaking in strength, it moved north-northwest across the Gulf of Mexico to make landfall as a strong Category 3 storm in the United States, in Orange Beach, Alabama, causing very heavy damage there.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan dropped heavy rains on the southeastern United States as it looped across Florida and back into the Gulf of Mexico.
Hurricane Ivan 
 The remnant low from the storm regenerated into a new tropical system, which moved into Louisiana and Texas, causing minimal damage.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan caused an estimated $13 billion worth of damage in the United States, making it the fifth costliest hurricane to ever strike the United States.
Hurricane Ivan 
 By the morning of September 8, Hurricane Ivan was a category 4 hurricane, and later on that day, Hurricane Ivan came close to the Netherlands Antilles.
Hurricane Ivan 
 For about twelve hours on September 9, Hurricane Ivan was a category 5 (the strongest category a hurricane can be).
Hurricane Ivan 
 About 2 a.m. Central Daylight Time, on September 16, Hurricane Ivan made landfall in Gulf Shores, Alabama, while winds were at 120 mph.
Hurricane Ivan 
 About halfway it reformed and became a tropical depression again on September 22 and shortly later, it became a tropical storm again.
Hurricane Ivan 
 On September 24 Ivan made landfall in Cameron, Louisiana and finally died out over Texas on September 24.
Hurricane Ivan 
 1 In Barbados, 2 In Cayman Islands, 4 In Dominican Republic, 39 In Grenada, 17 In Jamaica, 1 In Trinidad and Tobago, 54 In the United States, and 3 In Venezuela.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan affected many islands in the Caribbean including Barbados, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Jamaica, and Trinidad & Tobago.
Hurricane Ivan 
 About 14 died in Florida, 8 were killed in North Carolina, 2 were killed in Georgia, and 1 was also killed in Mississippi.
Hurricane Ivan 
 In Cruso, North Carolina about 17 inches of rain fell, which was the highest amount recorded from Ivan in the United States.
Hurricane Ivan 
 After Ivan reformed and made landfall in Texas, it caused up to 7 inches of rain in Texas and Louisiana.
Hurricane Ivan 
 Ivan got an ACE total at 70.38 which is the second-highest for an Atlantic hurricane, second only to the 1899 Hurricane San Ciriaco, which had 73.57.
Orange Beach, Alabama 
 The city hosts popular annual events such as Viking longboat races, dolphin riding competitions, and para-gliding over the locally famous Bear Point Canyon.
Emma Watson 
 She is known for playing Hermione Granger in the Harry Potter movie series alongside Daniel Radcliffe and Rupert Grint.
Emma Watson 
 She has played roles in other movies aside from the Harry Potter series, including The Tale of Despereaux (2008) and Ballet Shoes (2007).
Emma Watson 
 In September 2008, she told a blogger, "I've been focusing on art a lot, and fashion's a great extension of that."
Emma Watson 
 In 2008, the British news reported that Watson was going to be the model for the fashion house Chanel instead of Keira Knightley, but both Watson and Knightley said that this was not true.
Emma Watson 
 In June 2009, Watson said that she would be helping Burberry by being a part of their new Autumn/Winter 2009 collection.
Emma Watson 
 She was later a part of Burberry's 2010 Spring/Summer campaign with her brother Alex, musicians George Craig and Matt Gilmour, and Max Hurd.
Rupert Grint 
 He is best known for playing the character of Ronald Weasley in all eight of the Harry Potter films.
Rupert Grint 
 In early July 2009 Grint had swine flu and was forced to take a few days off from filming Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows.
9 Metis 
 It is made of silicates and metallic nickel-iron, and may be the core remnant of a big asteroid that was destroyed by an ancient collision.
9 Metis 
 Hubble space telescope images and lightcurve analyses are in agreement that Metis has a non-spherical stretched shape with one pointed and one broad end.
9 Metis 
 Radar observations suggest the presence of a significant flat area, in agreement with the shape model from lightcurves.
9 Metis 
 What the surface is made of has been estimated as 30-40% metal-bearing olivine and 60-70% Ni-Fe metal.
Ely 
 Nicholas of Ely,  Lord Chancellor of England, Bishop of Worcester, Bishop of Winchester, and Lord High Treasurer in the 13th century
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Saint Louis IX (25 April, 1214–25 August, 1270), also called Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 to his death.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Jean de Joinville was a close friend of Louis and wrote a famous biography of the king, from which we have most of our information about him.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Two other important biographies were written by the king's confessor, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and his chaplain, William of Chartres.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 While several other people wrote biographies about the king, only Jean de Joinville, Geoffrey of Beaulieu, and William of Chartres had reliable information.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 On May 27, 1234 Louis married Marguerite of Provence (1221 – December 21, 1295), whose sister Eleanor was the wife of Henry III of England.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 At the age of 15 in 1229, Louis brought an end to the Albigensian Crusade after signing an agreement with Count Raymond VII of Toulouse.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 In 1250, after initial success in his first crusade, Louis's army of 15,000 men was met by overwhelming resistance from the Egyptian army and people.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 After his release from Egypt, Louis spent four years in the crusader Kingdoms of Acre, Caesarea, and Jaffe.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 In 1252, Louis attempted an alliance with the Egyptians, for the return of Jerusalem if the French assisted with the subduing of Damascus.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Louis was Catholic, and he built the Sainte Chapelle ("Holy Chapel") on the Île de la Cité in the centre of Paris.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 It is thought that the French monarchy was trying to establish the kingdom of France as the "new Jerusalem."
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Louis IX tried to make France, which was seen as being a very religious place, a protector of the Church.
Saint Louis IX of France 
 Pierre (1251–1284), Count of Perche and Alençon; Count of Blois and Chartres in right of his wife, Joanne of Châtillon
Saint Louis IX of France 
 During his second crusade, Louis died at Tunis, August 25, 1270, and his son, Philip III, replaced him as king.