the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Cowry 
 There is some debate about how they traded for or found these shells so far inland, away from the natural sources.
Cowry 
 Oral stories and birch bark scrolls seem to indicate that they were found in the ground, and/or washed up on the shores of lakes or rivers.
Cowry 
 The cowry shells so far inland may indicate the use of them by an earlier tribe or group in the area, and an extensive trade network in the ancient past.
Wiltshire 
 It borders the counties of Hampshire, Dorset, Somerset, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire, and contains the unitary authority of Swindon.
West Midlands (county) 
 The County of West Midlands is a metropolitan county in western central England with a population of around 2,600,000 people.
West Midlands (county) 
 Other large settlements in the county include Sutton Coldfield, Solihull, and the Black Country towns of Dudley, Walsall and West Bromwich.
West Midlands (county) 
 The name "West Midlands" is also used for the much larger West Midlands region, which sometimes causes confusion.
West Midlands (county) 
 The West Midlands borders the counties of Warwickshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south, and Staffordshire to the north.
West Midlands (county) 
 Birmingham, Wolverhampton, the Black Country and Solihull together form the largest conurbation in the UK outside London, with a combined population of around 2.27 million.
West Midlands (county) 
 The West Midlands is not entirely urban; Coventry is separated from the Birmingham urban area, by stretch of green belt land roughly 15 miles across known as the "Meriden Gap", which retains a strongly rural character.
West Midlands (county) 
 A smaller piece of green belt between Birmingham, Walsall and West Bromwich includes Barr Beacon and the Sandwell Valley.
West Midlands (county) 
 Though Warwick and Birmingham are considered the most prestigious of the universities in the area, all have a large intake of students from around the country.
Conurbation 
 A conurbation is an urban area that includes a number of cities, towns and villages which, through population growth and expansion, have physically merged to form one continuous built up area.
Dunkirk 
 Dunkirk (, pronounced  or ; ) is a harbour city in the northernmost part of France, 10 km (6 mi) from the Belgian border.
Dunkirk 
 Until the middle of the 20th century the city was in the Dutch language area; today the local Dutch dialect still can be heard but has largely given way to French.
Dunkirk 
 In World War II, heavy fighting took place around Dunkirk during the German invasion in 1940 (Battle of Dunkirk), but a lull in the action unexpectedly allowed a large number of French and British soldiers to escape to England.
Dunkirk 
 On 14 December 2002, the Norwegian auto carrier Tricolor collided with the Bahamian-registered Kariba and sank off Dunkirk harbour, causing a hazard to navigation in the English Channel.
Dunkirk 
 It is also an industrial city, heavily dependent on the steel, food processing, oil refining, ship building and chemical industries.
Dunkirk 
 The Musée des Beaux-Arts has a large collection of Flemish, Italian and French paintings and sculptures.
Elz, Hesse 
 The municipality of Elz borders the municipalities of Hundsangen, Hambach, Görgeshausen, Niedererbach, Obererbach and the towns of Hadamar and Limburg.
Elz, Hesse 
 The municipality of Elz consists of two villages: The village of Elz (7,743 inhabitants) and the village of Malmeneich (345 inhabitants).
Elz, Hesse 
 Though this sounds quite moderate, temperatures can vary between -20 °C in winter and 40 °C in summer.
Elz, Hesse 
 Political importance resulted from its position at the Hohe Straße, the former most important road between Frankfurt am Main and Cologne, which still exists and is now part of the "Bundesstraße 8", which can be translated with Interstate 8.
Elz, Hesse 
 19 members are from the Christian Democrats, seven are from the Social Democratic Party, four from the Free Voters' Community and one is from the Green Party.
Elz, Hesse 
 Elz is not only at the B8,which goes from the Dutch border to Passau, but also at the Autobahn 3, which connects Würzburg,Frankfurt am Main and Cologne.
Elz, Hesse 
 In Elz there is a big outdoor swimming pool, two gyms, several sport and tennis fields and two old people's homes.
Elz, Hesse 
 There are three kindergartens, two primary schools and one "Haupt- und Realschule" (part of the German secondary education).
Elz, Hesse 
 Theodor Blank (1905-1972), Bundesverteidigungsminister (Federal minister for defense) 1955-1956, Bundesminister für Arbeit und Sozialordnung (Federal minister for employment and social matters) 1957-1965
Elz, Hesse 
 Joseph Blank (1913-1994), Landesminister für Landesplanung, Wohnungsbau und öffentliche Arbeiten von Nordrhein-Westfalen (Minister for spatial planning, building and public works of North Rhine-Westphalia) 1962-1963
Cephalopod 
 In the Coleoidea, the mollusc shell has become smaller, or is not there at all; this subclass has the octopus, squid, and cuttlefish.
Cephalopod 
 Two important extinct taxa are the Ammonites, and the Belemnites (order Belemnoidea, of class Coleoidea).
Cephalopod 
 None of them can live in freshwater (water with no salt in it), but a few species live in brackish (partly salty) water.
Cephalopod 
 The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates, and their brain to body mass ratio falls between that of warm and cold blooded vertebrates.
Cephalopod 
 The giant nerve fibers of the cephalopod mantle have been a favourite experimental material for many years; their large diameter makes them easier to study.
Cephalopod 
 Most cephalopods have chromatophores – that is, cells with different colours – which they can use in a number of surprising ways.
Cephalopod 
 As well as blending with their background, some cephalopods bioluminesce, shining light downwards to hide their shadows from any attackers.
Cephalopod 
 The bioluminescence is made by bacterial symbionts; the host cephalopod is able to find the light made by these animals.
Cephalopod 
 Bioluminescence may also be used to attract prey, and some species use colourful shows to get mates, amaze predators, or even signal to one another.
Cephalopod 
 Colouration can be changed in milliseconds as they adjust to their environment, and the pigment cells can expand or contract.
Cephalopod 
 Rapid colour change is usually more common in near-shore species than those living in the open ocean.
Cephalopod 
 Evidence of original colouration has been found in cephalopod fossils as far back as the Silurian; certain straight-shelled species had lines round their shell, which are thought to have used as camouflage of their body outline.
Cephalopod 
 By contracting the mantle's muscles, the water is pushed out through the siphon, made by a fold in the mantle.
Cephalopod 
 Motion of the cephalopods is usually backward as water is forced out forwards, but the siphon can be pointed in different directions.
Cephalopod 
 Squids and cuttlefish can move short distances in any direction by moving a flap of muscle around the mantle.
Cephalopod 
 With the exception of the Nautilidae and the species of octopus of the suborder Cirrina, all known cephalopods have an ink sac, which can be used to push out a cloud of dark ink to confuse predators.
Cephalopod 
 Like most molluscs, cephalopods use haemocyanin, a copper-containing protein, rather than haemoglobin to transport oxygen.
Cephalopod 
 The penis in most male Coleoidea is a long and muscular end of the vas deferens (tube for sperms) used to transfer spermatophores (sperm packages) to a modified arm called a hectocotylus.
Cephalopod 
 In species where the hectocotylus is missing, the penis is long and able to extend beyond the mantle cavity and transfers the spermatophores directly to the female.
Cephalopod 
 The class developed during the late Cambrian and were the most common and varied marine life forms during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic eras.
Cephalopod 
 Tommotia, an early cephalopod, had squid-like tentacles but also a snail-like foot it used to move across the sea floor.
Cephalopod 
 The old (cohort Belemnoidea) and modern (cohort Neocoleoidea) coleoids, as well as the ammonoids, all diverged (evolved away from) from the external shelled nautiloids during the middle Paleozoic Era, between 450 and 300 million years ago.
Cephalopod 
 These shells at first were conical but later developed into the curved shapes seen in modern nautilus species.
Cephalopod 
 The most famous group with external shells, the ammonites, became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period.
Cephalopod 
 Felley J. Vecchione M. Roper C.F.E. Sweeney M. & Christensen T. 2001-2003: Current classification of Recent Cephalopoda.
Cephalopod 
 internet: National Museum of Natural History: Department of Systematic Biology: Invertebrate Zoology: http://www.mnh.si.edu/cephs/
Cephalopod 
 The Cephalopod macrosystem: a historical review, the present state of knowledge, and unsolved problems: 1.
Cuttlefish 
 Cuttlefish have an internal shell (called a cuttlebone), large eyes, and eight arms and two tentacles furnished with finely toothed suckers, with which they grab their prey.
Cuttlefish 
 It is porous, full of small holes, The buoyancy of the cuttlebone can change, allowing the cuttlefish to go lower or higher by changing the amount of gas and liquid in its chambers.
Cuttlefish 
 The cuttlebone is only found in cuttlefish, and is one of the features that makes them different from squid and other molluscs.
Cuttlefish 
 Cuttlefish are sometimes called the chameleon of the sea because they are able to change their skin color.
Cuttlefish 
 Their skin can flash a colorful pattern in order to communicate with other cuttlefish and to camouflage them from predators.
Cuttlefish 
 This color-changing function is produced by groups of red, yellow, brown, and black pigmented chromatophores above a layer of reflective iridophores and leucophores.
Cuttlefish 
 The pigmented chromatophores have a sac of pigment and a large membrane that is folded when retracted.
Cuttlefish 
 There are 6-20 small muscle cells on the sides which can contract to squash the elastic sac into a disc against the skin.
Cuttlefish 
 As well as being able to influence the colour of the light that reflects off their skin, cuttlefish can also affect the light's polarization, which can be used to signal to other animals which sense polarization.
Cuttlefish 
 The way cephalopod eyes develop is fundamentally different from that of vertebrates like humans, but the way they work is rather similar.
Cuttlefish 
 Although they cannot see color, they can perceive the polarization of light, which improves their ability to see contrast.
Cuttlefish 
 They have two spots of concentrated sensor cells on their retina (known as fovea), one to look more forward, and one to look more backwards.
Cuttlefish 
 The lenses, instead of being reshaped as they are in humans, are instead pulled around by reshaping the entire eye in order to change focus.
Cuttlefish 
 The blood of a cuttlefish is an unusual shade of green-blue because it uses the copper-containing protein haemocyanin to carry oxygen instead of the red iron-containing protein haemoglobin that is found in vertebrates.
Cuttlefish 
 Two of these are used for pumping blood to the cuttlefish's pair of gills (one heart for each gill), and the third for pumping blood around the rest of the body.
Cuttlefish 
 As with squid, the ink is a defensive tool, squirted out to cover its retreat in the case of danger.
Cuttlefish 
 Although squid is more popular as a restaurant dish all over the world, in East Asia dried cuttlefish is highly popular.
Cuttlefish 
 Spanish cuisine often uses cuttlefish and squid ink for cooking due to the marine flavor and smoothness that it provides to the meals and it is included in dishes such as rice, pasta and fish stews.
Cuttlefish 
 Cuttlefish made their most important literary appearance in the title of Eugenio Montale's collection of poetry called Cuttlefish Bones (Ossi di seppia), published in Turin in 1925.
Nautilus 
 Many biologists see them as 'living fossils', because they are the only living descendents of the group which gave rise to the ammonites in the Palaeozoic era.
Nautilus 
 The Bellybutton nautilus, Nautilus macromphalus, is the smallest species, usually measuring only 16 cm.
Nautilus 
 It is pressure resistant, but will implode at a depth of about 800 m. The nautilus shell is made of two layers: the outer layer is a dull white, while the inner layer is a striking white with iridescence.
Nautilus 
 As the nautilus matures its body moves forward, sealing each chamber in turn with a new septum (wall).
Nautilus 
 The number of chambers increases from around four at the moment of hatching to thirty or more in adults.
Nautilus 
 When seen from the top, the shell is darker in color and marked with irregular stripes, which makes it blend into the darkness of the water below.
Nautilus 
 The underside is almost completely white, making the animal indistinguishable from brighter waters near the ocean surface.
Nautilus 
 In order to swim, the nautilus draws water into and out of the living chamber and makes use of jet propulsion.
Nautilus 
 When water is inside the chamber, the siphuncle extracts salt from it and diffuses it into the blood.
Nautilus 
 Buoyancy can be controlled by the  pumping of gas and fluid into or from the chambers using the siphuncle.
Nautilus 
 In the wild, nautilus usually lives in depths of about 300 m, rising to around 100 m at night for feeding, mating and egg laying.
Nautilus 
 Nautiluses are predators and feed mainly on shrimp, small fish and crustaceans, which are captured by the tentacles.
Nautilus 
 Unlike other cephalopods, they do not have good vision; their eye structure is highly developed but lacks a solid lens.
Nautilus 
 Instead of vision, the animal is thought to use olfaction as the primary sensory means during foraging, locating or identifying potential mates.
Nautilus 
 Fossil records indicate that nautiloids have not changed much (at least in their body form) for the last 500 million years.
Nautilus 
 The other cephalopod subclass, Coleoidea, diverged from the Nautilidae long ago and the nautilus has remained relatively unchanged since.
Nautilus 
 Extinct relatives of the nautilus include ammonites, which were very important for many millions of years.
Nautilus 
 Attached to rocks in shallow waters, the eggs take twelve months to develop before hatching out at around 30 mm long.
Nautilus 
 Females spawn once per year and regenerate their gonads, making nautiluses the only cephalopods to repeat reproduction.
Nautilus 
 Nautiluses are only found in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans, from 30° N to 30° S latitude and 90° to 185° W longitude.
Logarithmic spiral 
 A logarithmic spiral, equiangular spiral or growth spiral is a special kind of spiral curve which often appears in nature.
Logarithmic spiral 
 The logarithmic spiral was first described by Descartes and later extensively investigated by Jakob Bernoulli, who called it Spira mirabilis, "the marvelous spiral".
Logarithmic spiral 
 The spiral has the property that the angle ɸ between the tangent and radial line at the point (r,θ) is constant.
Logarithmic spiral 
 The derivative r'(θ) is proportional to the parameter b.  In other words, it controls how "tightly" and in which direction the spiral spirals.
Logarithmic spiral 
 In the extreme case that b = 0 (ɸ = π/2) the spiral becomes a circle of radius a.  Conversely, in the limit that b approaches infinity (ɸ → 0) the spiral tends toward a straight line.
Logarithmic spiral 
 While this curve had already been named by other mathematicians, the name "miraculous" or "marvelous" spiral was given to this curve by Jakob Bernoulli, because he was fascinated by one of its unique mathematical properties: the size of the spiral increases, but the shape stays the same with each added curve.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Maybe because of this property, the spira mirabilis has evolved in nature, seen in some living beings, such as nautilus shells and sunflower heads.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Jakob Bernoulli wanted the shape on his headstone, but, by error, an Archimedean spiral was placed there instead.
Logarithmic spiral 
 The logarithmic spiral can be distinguished from the Archimedean spiral by the fact that the distances between the turnings of a logarithmic spiral increase in geometric progression, while in an Archimedean spiral these distances are constant.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Logarithmic spirals are self-similar in that they are self-congruent under all similarity transformations (scaling them gives the same result as rotating them).
Logarithmic spiral 
 They are also congruent to their own involutes, evolutes, and the pedal curves based on their centers.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Starting at a point P and moving inwards along the spiral, one has to circle the origin infinitely often before reaching it; yet, the total distance covered on this path is finite.
Logarithmic spiral 
 One can construct approximate logarithmic spirals with pitch about 17.03239 degrees using Fibonacci numbers or the golden ratio as is explained in those articles.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Similarly, the exponential function exactly maps all lines not parallel with the real or imaginary axis in the complex plane, to all logarithmic spirals in the complex plane with centre at 0. (
Logarithmic spiral 
 Up to adding integer multiples of 2πi to the lines, the mapping of all lines to all logarithmic spirals is onto.)
Logarithmic spiral 
 Their sharpest view is at an angle to their direction of flight; this angle is the same as the spiral's pitch.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Usually the sun is the only light source and flying that way will result in a practically straight line.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is believed to have four major spiral arms, each of which is roughly a logarithmic spiral with pitch of about 12 degrees, an unusually small pitch angle for a galaxy such as the Milky Way.
Logarithmic spiral 
 In these cases, the reason is the following: Start with any irregularly shaped two-dimensional figure F0.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Repeating this will produce an approximate logarithmic spiral whose pitch is determined by the expansion factor and the angle with which the figures were placed next to each other.
Logarithmic spiral 
 Jim Wilson, Equiangular Spiral (or Logarithmic Spiral) and Its Related Curves, University of Georgia (1999)
Small white 
 The small white (Pieris rapae) is a small to mid-sized butterfly of the 'yellows' & 'whites' Pieridae family.
Small white 
 It is common across Europe, North Africa and Asia and has also been accidentally introduced to North America, Australia and New Zealand where they have become pests on cultivated cabbages and other mustard family crops.
Small white 
 Like its close relative the large white this is a strong flyer and the British population is increased by continental immigrants in most years.
Small white 
 It also lays eggs on wild members of the cabbage family such as the charlock Sinapis arvensis and hedge mustard Sisybrium officinale.
Small white 
 Known in the United States as "imported cabbage worms", the caterpillars are green and well camouflaged.
Small white 
 Unlike the large white they do not store the mustard oils from their foodplants and so are not distastful to predators like birds.
Argonauta 
 This structure does not have the gas-filled chambers of nautilus shells, and is not a true cephalopod shell.
Argonauta 
 The females have been known since ancient times while the males were only described in the late 19th Century.
Argonauta 
 For fertilization, the arm is inserted into the female's pallial cavity, then is detached from the male.
Argonauta 
 It is secreted by the tips of the female's two greatly expanded dorsal tentacles (third left arms) before egg laying.
Argonauta 
 After she deposits her eggs in the floating eggcase, the female herself takes shelter in it, often along with the male's detached hectocotylus.
Argonauta 
 She is usually found with her head and tentacles protruding from the opening, but she retreats deeper inside if disturbed.
Argonauta 
 These ornate, curved white eggcases are occasionally found floating on the sea surface, sometimes with the female argonaut still clinging to it.
Argonauta 
 It is made of calcite, with a 3-layered structure The argonauts may have evolved to use ammonite shells for their egg laying, eventually becoming able to mend the shells and perhaps even make their own.
Argonauta 
 The egg case also contains a bubble of gas used for buoyancy similar to shelled cephalopods, although it does not have chambers as seen in other shelled cephalopods.
Argonauta 
 Argonauta argo is the largest species in the genus and also produces the largest eggcase, which may reach a length of 300 mm.
Argonauta 
 They  are characterised by a very small rostrum and a fold that runs to the lower edge or near the free corner.
Argonauta 
 This makes it much narrower than in other octopuses, with the exception of the closely allied monotypic genera Ocythoe and Vitreledonella.
Argonauta 
 They differ in 'leaning back' to a greater degree than the former and because they have a more curved jaw angle than the latter.
Argonauta 
 If the prey is shelled, the argonaut uses its radula to drill into the organism, then inject the poison.
Argonauta 
 The female is also able to pull back the web covering of her shell, making a silvery flash, which may deter a predator from attacking.
Argonauta 
 Shells and remains of argonauts have been recorded from the stomachs of Alepisaurus ferox and Coryphaena hippurus.
Argonauta 
 The extinct species Obinautilus awaensis was originally assigned to Argonauta, but has since been transferred to the genus Obinautilus.
Protection 
 Protection means when any group of people or things try to defend the people or things that they care about (so that they would not get hurt).
Protection 
 Environmental protection, is a political action that is to do with protecting nature by preservation (keeping them), and restoration (making something that was lost to come back)
Protection 
 Protectionism, in world trade, making people stop buying what other countries make, so they must buy things made in their own country
Protection 
 A Lord protector, guarding as the country like a minor Monarch or during The Protectorate as a British republic
Protection 
 The protectorate between a strong power (the protector) and a weaker one, who can ask for help when needed, or are obliged to agree
Camouflage 
 There are exceptions: animals which are dangerous to eat (e.g. wasps) advertise with warning colouration.
Camouflage 
 Some herd animals, like zebra, have a pattern which makes it difficult for the predator when they are running.
Camouflage 
 Mimicry is a special kind of camouflage, where an animal or plant looks like another, usually one which is unpleasant to eat or dangerous.
Camouflage 
 Also, the proportion of the light reflected is much less under water (0.001–0.6%) than in air (2–5%).
Extant 
 In biology, an extant group is one which has survived to the present day, and so it is a living group.
Extant 
 The term 'extant' can also be used to describe species or higher groups (such as genera or families) which are still in existence (living).
Extant 
 Example: in the group of molluscs known as the cephalopods, there are about 600 extant species and 7500 extinct species.
Echinoderm 
 Some are filter feeders, and others (starfish) are important predators of molluscs and other shell-fish.
Echinoderm 
 This phylum appeared in the early Cambrian period; it contains about 7,000 living  and 13,000 extinct species.
Echinoderm 
 Echinodermata is the largest animal phylum which is entirely marine: no animals in this group live on land or in fresh or brackish water.
Echinoderm 
 Crinozoa (crinoids: the feather stars or sea lilies): about 600 species that are suspension feeders.
Echinoderm 
 The usual calcareous elements in the skin are much reduced, but the skin is quite tough, and covered in slime.
Echinoderm 
 Only with the crinoids is it necessary to deal with the fossil forms, because the stalked crinoids were so important on the Palaeozoic sea floors.