the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Perpignan 
 The coat of arms of Perpignan shows, as is the case in other cities in the region, the patron saint of the city.
Perpignan 
 Here St John the Baptist is represented in front of the Catalan colours (yellow and red) with a lamb and a Christian cross in his hands, and walking above water.
Perpignan 
 The city is at approximately  from the Mediterranean Sea and about  from the Pyrenees mountain range.
Perpignan 
 Perpignan is in the valley of the Têt river, in the Roussillon plain which is bordered to the south by the Pyrenees, to the west by the region of Corbières and to the east by the Mediterranean Sea.
Perpignan 
 The cities of Pia and Cabestany are now part of Perpignan, while Bompas, Saleilles, Canohès, Toulouges, Le Soler, Baho, Saint-Estève and Rivesaltes are all close to the city limits.
Perpignan 
 Nearest cities are Narbonne to the north (65 km), Montpellier towards the northeast (150 km), Barcelona to the south (190 km) and Toulouse to the northwest (200 km).
Perpignan 
 The climate of Perpignan is a warm Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters and dry summers and warm.
Perpignan 
 The men of Perpignan are called perpignanais (women, perpignanaises); in Catalan, perpinyanès for a man and perpinyanesa for a woman.
Perpignan 
 Perpignan forms with 66 communes the urban area of Perpignan with a population of 313,861 inhabitants (2013) and an area of .
Perpignan 
 The centre of this urban area is the metropolitan area of Perpignan, formed by 15 communes with a population of 197,715 inhabitants and an area of .
Perpignan 
 It is also the capital of the arrondissement of Perpignan and the administrative centre () of six cantons:
Perpignan 
 Perpignan-2 : 3 communes (Bompas, Sainte-Marie, Villelongue-de-la-Salanque) + part of Perpignan, with 29,798 inhabitants (2014)
Perpignan 
 Traditional commerce is in wine and olive oil, corks (the cork oak Quercus suber grows in Perpignan's mild climate), wool and leather, and iron.
Murrurundi, New South Wales 
 The first people to live in the Murrurundi area were the Australian aboriginal people, the Wanaruah and the Kamilaroi.
Roubaix 
 The city is well known for its cycling race Paris-Roubaix which is over 259.5 km and includes almost 50 km of cobblestone sections.
Pau, France 
 It is also the capital of 6 cantons in the department: Jurançon, Pau-Centre, Pau-Est, Pau-Nord, Pau-Ouest and Pau-Sud.
Pau, France 
 Pau is at about  from Bordeaux and from Toulouse, on a 200 m elevation overlooking the valley of a mountain river called the Gave de Pau, and at  from the Atlantic Ocean and at  from the Pyrenees.
Pau, France 
 Pau is surrounded by the communes Buros, Montardon, Morlaàs, Bizanos, Idron, Gelos, Jurançon,Lons and Billère.
Pau, France 
 The climate of Pau is Marine West Coast Climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with mild winters and warm summers.
John Dunn 
 He was only 17 years old when he joined up with Ben Hall and John Gilbert and became a member of their gang.
John Dunn 
 Dunn was a member of the gang when they tried to rob the mail coach near Jugiong on 16 November 1864.
John Dunn 
 The government already had offered reward money for the capture of the Gilbert and Hall; they now offered £500 for John Dunn.
John Dunn 
 After visiting Dunn's grandfather, John Kelly, near Binalong they rode to Binda on Boxing Day, 26 December.
John Dunn 
 As he walked up to the hotel Dunn shot him in the side of the body, and then fired two shots into his face.
John Dunn 
 In May 1865, Hall, Gilbert, and Dunn were made "outlaws"; they could be killed by anyone at anytime.
John Dunn 
 A week later, Gilbert was shot by the police at the home of John Kelly, Dunn's grandfather, near Binalong, on 13 May.
John Dunn 
 Dunn's Grandfather had told the police where the bushrangers were so that he could get the reward money.
John Dunn 
 Dunn went into hiding near Quambone Station (a farm) but another friend told the police where he was living.
Gianfranco Zola 
 Gianfranco Zola OBE (born 5 July 1966) is an Italian former football player, who is now the manager of West Ham United.
Gianfranco Zola 
 As a footballer he played for Napoli, Parma, Chelsea and Cagliari He was renowned for his technique, skill and dribbling.
Gianfranco Zola 
 He became manager of West Ham on 11 September 2008, replacing Alan Curbishley, after he stopped working as Italy Under-21's manager.
Asnières-sur-Seine 
 The name Asnières was first mentionned in 1158 as Asnerias, from Medieval Latin asinaria, meaning "donkey farm".
Asnières-sur-Seine 
 The soil of Asnières was poor, where heather grew in Medieval times, was probably only good enough for breeding donkeys.
Drake Bell 
 Because the seatbelts of the car were only around the waist and there were no airbags, he hit his face against the steering wheel.
Drake Bell 
 Some songs of his new album appeared, including "Saturday Night", "All alone at the Disco", "Sea Song", "C.C.Rider", "To Hip gotta go", "Little Miss Prissy" and "Jingle Bells".
Drake Bell 
 In an interview with Buzzfeed he made comments against stars such as Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga and Ariana Grande.
Drake Bell 
 On June 4, 2021, Bell was arrested in Cleveland, Ohio, on charges relating to "attempted endangering [of] children and disseminating matter harmful to juveniles."
Drake Bell 
 On July 12, 2021, Bell's victim made a public appearance and statement accusing him of sexually assaulting her while she was underage.
Saffron 
 Saffron () (Persian: زَعْفَرَان) is a spice made from the stigma of the flower of the saffron plant.
Saffron 
 The cultivated saffron (saffron crocus C. sativus) flowers in the autumn and comes up every year, so it is known as a perennial plant.
Saffron 
 It does not grow wild, and is now a triploid form of the eastern Mediterranean plant called Crocus cartwrightianus.
Saffron 
 The saffron crocus resulted when C. cartwrightianus was subjected to a lot of artificial selection by growers who wanted plants with longer stigmas.
Saffron 
 The corms (underground bulb-like starch-storing organs) must be dug up, broken apart, and planted again.
Saffron 
 A corm lives for only one season, reproducing by splitting into up to ten "cormlets" that will grow into new plants.
Saffron 
 In October, after most other flowering plants have released their seeds, the saffron grows its brightly-coloured flowers, which are coloured from light to dark purple.
Saffron 
 The saffron crocus grows best in climates like that of the Mediterranean maquis or the North American chaparral, where hot, dry summer winds blow across the land.
Saffron 
 Saffron needs no extra water if it grows in a wet place like Kashmir, where there is usually 1000–1500 mm of rain each year.
Saffron 
 It is also important for the rain to fall at the right time of year: there should be a lot of rain in the spring and little in the summer.
Saffron 
 Other things that can make the plant give less saffron are: the weather being damp or hot for a long time; rabbits, rats, and birds, digging in the ground near the plant; parasites such as the roundworm; fungus and corm rot.
Saffron 
 Planting is best done in fields that slope towards the sunlight (i.e. south-sloping in the Northern Hemisphere), giving the crocuses' more sunlight.
Saffron 
 Growers have found that planting corms  deep and in rows spaced 2–3 cm apart makes more threads, whereas planting depths of 8–10 cm makes more flowers and corms.
Saffron 
 Farmers often use 20–30 tonnes of manure per hectare on the plants before plating the corms The buds do not start to grow until early autumn, then in the middle of autumn the plants begin to flower.
Saffron 
 To produce 12 g of dried saffron (72 g freshly harvested) would take about 1 kg of flowers (1 lb for 0.2 oz of dried saffron).
Saffron 
 It can be worked out from this that one freshly picked flower makes 0.03 g of fresh saffron, or 0.007 g of dried saffron.
Saffron 
 Experts believe that the first document to mention saffron is a 7th century BC Assyrian book about botany which was written in the time of Ashurbanipal.
Saffron 
 There is evidence for the use of saffron in the treatment of about 90 illnesses during the past 4,000 years.
Saffron 
 The Minoans had pictures of saffron in their palaces as long ago as 1500–1600 BC, showing how it could be used as a medicine.
Saffron 
 Later, Greek legends told of sea voyages to Cilicia, where adventurers hoped to find the world's most valuable saffron.
Saffron 
 Another legend tells how someone named Crocus was bewitched and transformed into the original saffron crocus.
Saffron 
 Ancient Mediterranean peoples–including perfumers in Egypt, physicians in Gaza, townspeople in Rhodes, and the Greek hetaerae courtesans–used saffron in their perfumes, ointments, potpourris, mascaras, divine offerings, and medical treatments.
Saffron 
 Aulus Cornelius Celsus prescribes saffron in medicines for wounds, cough, colic, and scabies, and in the mithridatium.
Saffron 
 Such was the Romans' love of saffron that Roman colonists took their saffron with them when they settled in southern Gaul, where it was extensively cultivated until Rome's fall.
Saffron 
 Competing theories state that saffron only returned to France with 8th century AD Moors or with the Avignon papacy in the 14th century AD.
Saffron 
 Later, people called the Sumerians used wild-growing saffron in their medicines and magical potions.
Saffron 
 Ancient Persians were growing their own type of saffron (Crocus sativus 'Hausknechtii') in Derbena, Isfahan, and Khorasan by the 10th century BC.
Saffron 
 Saffron threads were also scattered across beds and mixed into hot tea as a way of curing sad feelings.
Saffron 
 During his Asian campaigns, Alexander the Great used Persian saffron in his tea, rice, and baths to help heal his battle wounds.
Saffron 
 Alexander's troops copied their leader's actions and brought the habit of saffron-bathing back to Greece.
Saffron 
 Historians studying ancient Persian records date the arrival to sometime before 500 BC, saying it was either Persian transplantation of saffron corms to stock new gardens and parks or a Persian invasion and colonization of Kashmir.
Saffron 
 For example, Buddhist monks in India started wearing saffron-coloured robes after the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama's death.
Saffron 
 However, the robes were not dyed with costly saffron but turmeric, a less expensive dye, or jackfruit.
Saffron 
 On the other hand, saffron is mentioned in ancient Chinese medical texts, including the forty-volume Shennong Bencaojing (神農本草經—"Shennong's Great Herbal", also known as Pen Ts'ao or Pun Tsao) pharmacopoeia, a tome dating from 200–300 BC.
Saffron 
 Traditionally attributed to the legendary Yan ("Fire") Emperor (炎帝) Shennong, it documents 252 phytochemical-based medical treatments for various disorders.
Saffron 
 Yet around the 3rd century AD, the Chinese were referring to saffron as having a Kashmiri provenance.
Saffron 
 For example, Wan Zhen, a Chinese medical expert, reported that "[t]he habitat of saffron is in Kashmir, where people grow it principally to offer it to the Buddha."
Saffron 
 Wan also reflected on how saffron was used in his time: "The [saffron crocus] flower withers after a few days, and then the saffron is obtained.
Saffron 
 Saffron was reintroduced when the Islamic civilization "Al-Andalus" spread to Spain, France, and Italy.
Saffron 
 During the 14th century Black Death, there was a huge increase in demand for saffron-based medicine.
Saffron 
 Much saffron had to be imported by Venetian and Genoan ships from southern and Mediterranean lands such as Rhodes.
Saffron 
 The conflict and resulting fear of rampant saffron piracy spurred significant saffron cultivation in Basel, which grew prosperous.
Saffron 
 Cultivation and trade then spread to Nuremberg, where epidemic levels of saffron adulteration brought on the Safranschou code.
Saffron 
 The Essex town of Saffron Walden, named for its new specialty crop, became England's main saffron growing and trading center.
Saffron 
 However, an influx of more exotic spices such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and vanilla from newly contacted Eastern and overseas countries caused European cultivation and usage of saffron to decline.
Saffron 
 Europeans brought saffron to the Americas when immigrant members of the Schwenkfelder Church left Europe with a trunk containing saffron corms; indeed, many Schwenkfelders had widely grown saffron in Europe.
Saffron 
 Spanish colonies in the Caribbean bought large amounts of this new American saffron, and high demand ensured that saffron's list price on the Philadelphia commodities exchange was set equal to that of gold.
Saffron 
 The trade with the Caribbean later collapsed in the aftermath of the War of 1812, when many saffron-transporting merchant vessels were destroyed.
Saffron 
 Yet the Pennsylvania Dutch continued to grow lesser amounts of saffron for local trade and use in their cakes, noodles, and chicken or trout dishes.
Saffron 
 Saffron's aroma is often described to be something like metallic honey with grassy or hay-like notes.
Saffron 
 Saffron is widely used in Iranian (Persian), Arab, Central Asian, European, Indian,Turkish, Moroccan and Cornish cuisines.
Saffron 
 Common saffron substitutes include safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, which is often sold as "Portuguese saffron" or "assafroa") and turmeric (Curcuma longa).
Saffron 
 Modern medicine has also discovered itas having anticarcinogenic (cancer-suppressing), anti-mutagenic (mutation-preventing), immunomodulating, and antioxidant-like properties.
Saffron 
 Most saffron is grown in a belt of land ranging from the Mediterranean in the west to Kashmir in the east.
Saffron 
 Iran's annual saffron production is expected to hit 300 tons by the end of the nation's Fourth Five-Year Socioeconomic Development Plan in 2009.
Saffron 
 Saffron prices at wholesale and retail rates range from US$500/pound to US$5,000/pound (US$1100–US$11,000 per kilogram)—equivalent to £250/€350 per pound or £5,500/€7,500 per kilo.
Saffron 
 In Western countries, the average retail price is $1,000/£500/€700 per pound (US$2200/£1100/€1550 per kilogram).
Saffron 
 Vivid crimson colouring, slight moistness, elasticity, recent harvest date, and lack of broken-off thread debris are all traits of fresh saffron.
Saffron 
 Spain's varieties, including the tradenames 'Spanish Superior' and 'Creme', are generally mellower in colour, flavour, and aroma; they are graded by government-imposed standards.
Saffron 
 Italian varieties are slightly more potent than Spanish, while the most intense varieties tend to be Iranian in origin.
Saffron 
 Aside from these, various "boutique" crops are available from New Zealand, France, Switzerland, England, the United States, and other countries, some organically grown.
Saffron 
 The "Aquila" saffron (zafferano dell'Aquila)—defined by high safranal and crocin content, shape, unusually pungent aroma, and intense colour—is grown exclusively on eight hectares in the Navelli Valley of Italy's Abruzzo region, near L'Aquila.
Saffron 
 But in Italy the biggest saffron cultivation, for quality and quantity, is in San Gavino Monreale, Sardinia.
Saffron 
 There, saffron is grown on 40 hectares (60% of Italian production); it also has very high crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content.
Saffron 
 Another is the Kashmiri "Mongra" or "Lacha" saffron (Crocus sativus 'Cashmirianus'), which is among the most difficult for consumers to obtain.
Saffron 
 Repeated droughts, blights, and crop failures in Kashmir, combined with an Indian export ban, contribute to its high prices.
Saffron 
 Kashmiri saffron is recognisable by its extremely dark maroon-purple hue, among the world's darkest, which suggests the saffron's strong flavour, aroma, and colourative effect.
Saffron 
 Saffron types are graded by quality according to laboratory measurements of such characteristics as crocin (colour), picrocrocin (taste), and safranal (fragrance) content.
Saffron 
 Other metrics include floral waste content (i.e. the saffron spice sample's non-stigma floral content) and measurements of other extraneous matter such as inorganic material ("ash").
Saffron 
 A uniform set of international standards in saffron grading was established by the International Organization for Standardization, which is an international federation of national standards bodies.
Saffron 
 It establishes four empirical grades of colour intensity: IV (poorest), III, II, and I (finest quality).
Saffron 
 Saffron samples are then assigned to one of these grades by gauging the spice's crocin content, which is revealed by measurements of crocin-specific spectroscopic absorbance.
Saffron 
 It is a measure of a given substance's transparency (, the ratio of light intensity passing through sample to that of the incident light) to a given wavelength of light.
Saffron 
 For saffron, absorbance is determined for the crocin-specific photon wavelength of 440 nm in a given dry sample of spice.
Saffron 
 Higher absorbances at this wavelength imply greater crocin concentration, and thus a greater colourative intensity.
Saffron 
 These data are measured through spectrophotometry reports at certified testing laboratories worldwide.
Saffron 
 These colour grades proceed from grades with absorbances lower than 80 (for all category IV saffron) up to 190 or greater (for category I).
Saffron 
 The world's finest samples (the selected most red-maroon tips of stigmas picked from the finest flowers) receive absorbance scores in excess of 250.
Saffron 
 They prefer a more holistic method of sampling batches of thread for taste, aroma, pliability, and other traits in a fashion similar to that practiced by practised wine tasters.
Saffron 
 Despite such attempts at quality control and standardisation, an extensive history of saffron adulteration–particularly among the cheapest grades–continues into modern times.
Saffron 
 Adulteration was first documented in Europe's Middle Ages, when those found selling adulterated saffron were executed under the Safranschou code.
Saffron 
 Typical methods include mixing in extraneous substances like beet, pomegranate fibers, red-dyed silk fibers, or the saffron crocus's tasteless and odorless yellow stamens.
Saffron 
 However, powdered saffron is more prone to adulteration, with turmeric, paprika, and other powders used as diluting fillers.
Saffron 
 Thus, in India, high-grade Kashmiri saffron is often sold mixed with cheaper Iranian imports; these mixes are then marketed as pure Kashmiri saffron, a development that has cost Kashmiri growers much of their income.
TobyMac 
 Kevin Michael "Toby" McKeehan (born October 22, 1964 in Fairfax, Virginia), better known as TobyMac, is a well known Christian singer from the band dc Talk.
TobyMac 
 Some of his most notable songs are "Made to Love", "Burn for You", "Boomin", "City on Our Knees", "Me Without You", and "Feel It".
DC Talk 
 DC Talk (also written as dc Talk) is a well-known Christian rock/rap band, most famous for its song Jesus Freak.
DC Talk 
 The band started in 1988, and was part of the rise in popularity of the contemporary Christian music genre during the 1990s.
Argenteuil 
 Argenteuil is the second most populated town in the suburbs of Paris (after Boulogne-Billancourt) and the most populated commune in the Val-d'Oise department; however it is not the prefecture.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The idea of the virgin birth was included in the two most common Christian creeds, the Nicene Creed and the Apostles' Creed.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The Nicene Creed says that Jesus "was incarnate of the Holy Spirit and the Virgin Mary" (meaning that Jesus was God in human form, and was born to the Virgin Mary).
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The belief was not challenged, except by some sects which were not very important, before the Enlightenment theology of the eighteenth century.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The Gospels of Matthew and Luke say that Mary was a virgin and that Jesus was created by the Holy Spirit.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 This belief, which is now common in Christianity, says that Jesus had no natural father; no sexual intercourse and no male seed was involved in creating him.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The Gospel of Matthew also says that the virgin birth of Jesus fulfills a prophecy from the Book of Isaiah.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 Since the second century, the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church have taught that Mary gave birth as a virgin (meaning she stayed a virgo intacta - an "intact virgin" - even after giving birth).
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 According to Uta Ranke-Heinemann, the idea that Jesus was born to a virgin was not meant to be taken literally (as if it really happened).
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 Around this time, Celsus wrote that Jesus himself had made up the story about being born to a virgin.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 In fact, Celsus wrote, Jesus' mother was a poor country woman who earned her money by spinning (making thread).
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 However, when Paul was alive, when Hebrew people talked about a new baby, they usually listed only the child's father, or both parents.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 However, because God created Jesus without a human father, Jesus was not related to Jeconiah, and could be King.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 People argue about what Paul meant when he said Jesus was "descended from David according to the flesh."
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 However, some people think Paul did not mean Jesus was physically descended from Joseph, only that Joseph acted like Jesus' father.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 The people who wrote the New Testament talked about the things they did and said after learning from Jesus' teachings.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 These writings were put together in an order that made sense, not based on which ones were written earliest.
Virgin birth of Jesus 
 However, Paul, in Epistle to the Colossians 1:15, calls Jesus the "first-born Son, superior to all created things."
Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis 
 Montreuil is near the Bois de Vincennes park in the Île-de-France region and the Seine-Saint-Denis department.
Tourcoing 
 Tourcoing  () is a town in the Nord department and Nord-Pas-de-Calais region in France with a population of about 94,204.
Tourcoing 
 It is near Lille and Roubaix and there is a metro and tram line between Tourcoing and these places, which are all close to the Belgian border.
Consensus 
 The cooperative spirit of consensus is different from the competitive spirit which is brought to a point in majority voting.
Consensus 
 If you are in a group of five or ten people working on an article, if 30 percent of those working on the article dissent, then continue to write the article until all but the most unreasonable agree.
Consensus 
 Those who continue to disagree are typically exhibiting non-collaborative, and sometimes abusive, behavior.
Chuck Bernard 
 Joseph Charles "Chuck" Bernard (August 29, 1911 in Chicago, Illinois – March 1962) was a professional American football center who played for the Detroit Lions in 1934 and was a two-time All-American at the University of Michigan.
Chuck Bernard 
 After graduating from the University of Michigan, Bernard played 10 games for the Detroit Lions in 1934.
Saint-Denis 
 Saint-Denis is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-Saint-Denis departement, and is the seat of the Arrondissement of Saint-Denis.
Saint-Denis 
 France's national football stadium, Stade de France, built in 1998 for the Football World Cup is in Saint-Denis.
Saint-Denis 
 During the French Revolution in 1793, the city was renamed Franciade, and the royal necropolis was looted and destroyed.
University of Minnesota 
 Most of the buildings are in Minneapolis, and some more buildings are about 3 miles (4.8 km) away near Saint Paul.
University of Minnesota 
 These two parts are called the Twin Cities campus, and together they are the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system.
University of Minnesota 
 The University of Minnesota is one of the Public Ivy universities in America, which is like saying they can give people an experience in college similar to the Ivy League.
University of Minnesota 
 The University of Minnesota was started in 1851, and they are now in the Association of American Universities.