the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Caliphate 
 This period was characterized by remarkable success in technology, trade and culture; many of the masterpieces of Spain were constructed in this period, including the famous Great Mosque of Córdoba.
Caliphate 
 The title Caliph (خليفة) was claimed by Abd-ar-Rahman III on January 16, 929; he was previously known as the Emir of Córdoba (أمير قرطبة).
Caliphate 
 All Caliphs of Córdoba were members of the Umayyad dynasty; the same dynasty had held the title Emir of Córdoba and ruled over roughly the same territory since 756.
Caliphate 
 The rule of the Caliphate is known as the heyday of Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula, before it split into taifas.
Caliphate 
 Spain possessed a significant native Muslim population until 1610 with the success of the Catholic-instigated Spanish Inquisition, which expelled any remnants of Spanish Muslim (Morisco) or Jewish populations.
Caliphate 
 The Abbasids had an unbroken line of Caliphs for over three centuries, consolidating Islamic rule and cultivating great intellectual and cultural developments in the Middle East.
Caliphate 
 By 940 the power of the Caliphate under the Abbasids was waning as non-Arabs, particularly the Berbers of North Western Africa, the Turkish, and later the Mamluks in Egypt in the latter half of the 13th century, gained influence, and sultans and emirs became increasingly independent.
Caliphate 
 However, the Caliphate endured as both a symbolic position and a unifying entity for the Islamic world.
Caliphate 
 The  Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah of the Fatimid dynasty, which claimed descendency of Muhammad through his daughter, claimed the title of Caliph in 909, creating a separate line of caliphs in North Africa.
Caliphate 
 Initially covering Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, the Fatimid caliphs extended their rule for the next 150 years, taking Egypt and Palestine, before the Abbassid dynasty was able to turn the tide, limiting Fatimid rule to Egypt.
Caliphate 
 The Umayyad dynasty, which had survived and come to rule over the Muslim provinces of Spain, reclaimed the title of Caliph in 929, lasting until it was overthrown in 1031.
Caliphate 
 1258 saw the conquest of Baghdad and the execution of Abbasid caliph al-Musta'sim by Mongol forces under Hulagu Khan.
Caliphate 
 A surviving member of the Abbasid House was installed as Caliph at Cairo under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate three years later; however, the authority of this line of Caliphs was confined to ceremonial and religious matters, and later Muslim historians referred to it as a "shadow" Caliphate.
Caliphate 
 Ottoman rulers were known primarily by the title of Sultan and sometimes also used the title of Caliph.
Caliphate 
 As the Ottoman Empire grew in size and strength, Ottoman rulers beginning with Selim I began to claim Caliphal authority.
Caliphate 
 Ottoman rulers used the title "Caliph" symbolically on many occasions but it was strengthened when the Ottoman Empire defeated the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517 and took control of most Arab lands.
Caliphate 
 The last Abbasid Caliph at Cairo, al-Mutawakkil III, was taken into custody and was transported to Istanbul, where he reportedly surrendered the Caliphate to Selim I.
Caliphate 
 After the Ottomans lost a war with the Russian Empire they signed a peace treaty with Russia in 1774.
Caliphate 
 The Sultan had to surrender large territories, including ones with large Muslim populations, such as Crimea, to the Russian Empire.
Caliphate 
 However, Sultan Abdul Hamid I claimed a diplomatic victory by assigning himself the protector of Muslims in Russia as part of the peace treaty.
Caliphate 
 This was the first time the Ottoman caliph was acknowledged as having political significance outside of Ottoman borders by a European power.
Caliphate 
 Around 1880 Sultan Abdul Hamid II reasserted the title as a way of countering the spread of European colonialism in Muslim lands.
Caliphate 
 By the eve of the First World War, the Ottoman state, despite its weakness vis-à-vis Europe, represented the largest and most powerful independent Islamic political entity.
Caliphate 
 But the sultan also enjoyed some authority beyond the borders of his shrinking empire as caliph of Muslims in Egypt, India and Central Asia.
Caliphate 
 In the 1920s the Khilafat Movement, a movement to defend the Ottoman Caliphate, spread throughout the British colonial territories in Asia.
Caliphate 
 It was particularly strong in British India, where it formed a rallying point for Indian Muslims and was the one of the many anti-British Indian political movements to enjoy widespread support.
Caliphate 
 Its leaders included Maulana Mohammad Ali, his brother Shawkat Ali, and Abul Kalam Azad, Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, and Hasrat Mohani.
Caliphate 
 For a time it worked in alliance with Hindu communities  and was supported by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who was a member of the Central Khilafat Committee.
Caliphate 
 However, the movement lost its momentum after the arrest or flight of its leaders, and a series of offshoots splintered off from the main organization.
Caliphate 
 On March 3, 1924, the first President of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as part of his reforms, constitutionally abolished the institution of the Caliphate.
Caliphate 
 Its powers within Turkey were transferred to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (parliament) of the newly formed Turkish Republic and the title has since been inactive.
Caliphate 
 In 2014 the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant claimed the title but most Muslims did not accept it.
Caliphate 
 He ruled for six months only and handed the powers to Muawiyah I in order to unite the Muslims again.
Caliphate 
 Muawiyah instituted dynastic rule by appointing his son Yazid I as his successor, a trend that would continue through subsequent caliphates.
Caliphate 
 Umar ibn AbdulAziz -  Umayyad caliph considered by some (mainly Sunnis) to be a sixth true and legitimate caliph under Islamic Laws of electing Caliph.
Caliphate 
 Harun al-Rashid - Abbasid caliph during whose reign Baghdad became the world's preeminent centre of trade, learning, and culture.
Caliphate 
 Suleiman the Magnificent - Early Ottoman Sultan during whose reign the Ottoman Empire reached its zenith.
Caliphate 
 Abdülmecid II - The last Caliph of the Ottoman Dynasty, the 101st Caliph in line from Caliph Abu Bakr and nominally the 37th Head of the Ottoman Imperial House.
Caliphate 
 Ottomanism, Pan-Islamism, and the Caliphate Discourse at the Turn of the 20th Century  American University in Cairo
Amphisbaenia 
 Amphisbaenians have features that link them to both lizards and snakes, but they have enough of their own features to be a separate suborder.
Kaffir 
 Kafir, an Islamic term usually translated as unbeliever similar to the Christian word pagan or Hebrew word koffer.
Kaffir 
 Kaffraria or British Kaffraria, a former designation for King William's Town and East London, South Africa.
Kongo language 
 Kikongo or Kongo is the Bantu language spoken by the Bakongo and Bandundu people in the tropical forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo and Angola.
Wig 
 Some people wear wigs to hide the fact that they are bald, which means they have very little or no scalp hair.
Wig 
 In Britain and other Commonwealth nations, some public employees, such as judges and barristers, wear wigs.
Neelum District 
 It is bounded by the Gilgit (Northern Areas) to the North, with Kupwara and Baramulla Districts of Jammu and Kashmir to the South and Southeast, Muzaffarabad District to the Southwest and Mansehra District to the West.
Neelum District 
 Hindko however, is the predominant language and is spoken mostly in the west, southwest and central regions.
Neelum District 
 Shina and Kashmiri are spoken in the Northeast towards the border with Baramulla and Astore District and also in the far north on the cease-fire Line with Diamir District.
Backpack 
 A backpack (also called rucksack, knapsack, packsack, pack, Haversack, or Bergen) is a bag put on somebody's back.
Backpack 
 People often use backpacks when camping, hiking, or other activity where they need to carry many things.
Backpack 
 Large backpacks, used to carry loads over 10 kg (22 lbs), and smaller sports backpacks, usually offload the biggest part of their weight onto padded hip belts.
Backpack 
 It also improves agility and balance, because the load lies closer to the center of mass of the person wearing it.
Backpack 
 If the hunts were even larger, the hunters would butcher their prey into pieces and hand out the pieces to other hunters.
Backpack 
 External frame packs have a fabric "sack" part which is usually smaller than the sack of internal frame packs.
Backpack 
 Nevertheless, they have exposed frame portions above and below the sack to make it easier to hold larger items.
Backpack 
 Military packs are often external frame designs because they can carry loads of different shapes, sizes and weights.
Backpack 
 The internal frame lets the pack fit closely to the wearer's back, which is good when the wearer is doing something that involves upper-body movement.
Backpack 
 However, the tight fit makes it hard for the skin to breathe, so the user's back often becomes sweaty.
Backpack 
 Lash points are few, and since the frame is integrated, it is hard to securely attach larger and heavier items to the outside.
Backpack 
 Internal frame packs originally had smaller load carrying ability and less comfortable fit during walking, but 21st century ones are better.
Backpack 
 In addition, because of their fit, the better internal frame models have replaced external frame backpacks for many activities.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit Baltistan (), previously known as the Northern Areas, is the northern-most autonomous territory of Pakistan.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 It was part of the former Princely state of Kashmir and Jammu in 1800s and later leased to British eventually liberated after a planned liberation movement led by Gilgit Scouts.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 It borders Azad Jammu and Kashmir in the south Indian-administered Kashmir in southeast where KPK province of Pakistan to the west, and internationally borders Afghanistan to the north, although Tajikistan is separated by fourteen kilometres via Wakhan Corridor, the People's Republic of China to the northeast.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit Baltistan, which became a single administrative unit in 1970, was formed from the amalgamation of the Gilgit Agency, the Baltistan District of the Ladakh Wazarat, and the states of Hunza and Nagar.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The Government of Pakistan since Independence regards the entire area of Jammu and Kashmir as "territory in dispute" to be resolved by a plebiscite to be held throughout the former state in order to determine the area's final accession to either India or merger with Pakistan.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit Baltistan is governed by a Governor and a Chief minister, the latter elected by a legislative assembly.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Soon after the partition of India in 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir signed the Instrument of Accession, thereby acceding to the Indian Union.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 This territory has been under Pakistan’s unlawful control ever since the Pakistan Army orchestrated the tribal invasion of the territory in October 1947.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The regions of Baltistan, and Ladakh (including Kargil) and Chitral are also considered to be a part of Balawaristan by nationalist parties of Gilgit.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The peoples' do not consider areas of Gilgit and Baltistan to be legally or constitutionally part of Pakistan or India.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Nor do they regard neighboring regions of Ladakh wazarat to be legitimately part of India or Pakistan.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 They also assert that as per UNCIP resolutions, (Pakistan and India) must withdraw their occupational armed forces and handover the control of the disputed region to the people of Gilgit Baltistan, under the supervision of the United Nations, until a final settlement of the whole Jammu and Kashmir issue is reached, as per a United Nations sponsored plebiscite that would be held in both Pakistan and Indian-administered Kashmir."
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 On 29 August 2009, the Gilgit-Baltistan Empowerment and Self-Governance Order 2009, was passed by the Pakistani cabinet and later signed by the country's President.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The order granted self-rule to the people of the former Northern Areas, now renamed Gilgit-Baltistan, by creating, among other things, an elected legislative assembly.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit Baltistan United Movement—while rejecting the new package—demanded that an independent and autonomous legislative assembly for Gilgit-Baltistan should be formed with the installation of local authoritative government as per the UNCIP resolutions, where the people of Gilgit-Baltistan will elect their president and the prime minister.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 In early September 2009, Pakistan signed an agreement with the People's Republic of China for a mega energy project in Gilgit-Baltistan which includes the construction of a 7,000-megawatt dam at Bunji in the Astore District.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 This also resulted in protest from India, although Indian concerns were immediately rejected by Pakistan, which claimed that the Government of India has no locus standi in the matter.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 On 29 September 2009, the Pakistani Prime Minister, while addressing a huge gathering in Gilgit-Baltistan, announced a multi-billion rupee development package aimed at the socio-economic uplifting of people in the area.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Development projects will include the areas of education, health, agriculture, tourism and the basic needs of life.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit–Baltistan thus gained de facto province-like status without constitutionally becoming part of Pakistan.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The official poistion of Pakistan has rejected Gilgit–Baltistani calls for integration with Pakistan on the grounds that it would prejudice its international obligations with regard to the Kashmir dispute.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 In 1982 the Pakistani President General Zia ul Haq proclaimed that the people of the Northern Areas were Pakistanis and had nothing to do with the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 An attempt in 1993 by the High Court of Azad Kashmir to annex Gilgit–Baltistan was quashed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan, after protests by the predominantly Shia population of Gilgit–Baltistan, who feared domination by the Sunni Kashmiris.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The Government of Gilgit Baltistan also known as the State Government of the Northern Areas, is the highest governing authority of the territory and its 10 districts.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Gilgit Baltistan, a judiciary and a legislative branch.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgit–Baltistan borders the Wakhan corridor of Afghanistan to the northwest, China's Uygur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang to the northeast, the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the south and southeast, the Pakistani-controlled state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir to the south, and Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Gilgi-Baltistan is home to five of the "eight-thousanders" and to more than fifty peaks above 7000 meters.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The region is home to some of the world's highest mountain ranges—the main ranges are the Karakoram Mountains and the western Himalayas.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 Amongst the highest mountains are K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen) and Nanga Parbat, the latter being one of the most feared mountains in the world.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The Deosai Plains are located above the tree line, and constitute the second-highest plateau in the world at 4,115 meters (14,500 feet) after the Chinese region of Tibet.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 For over half the year (between September and May), Deosai is snow-bound and cut off from rest of Astore & Baltistan in winters.
Gilgit-Baltistan 
 The village of Deosai lies close to Chilum chokki and is connected with the Kargil District of Ladakh in the Kashmir disputed region through an all-weather road.
The Great American Bash (2008) 
 The Great American Bash was the fifth yearly Great American Bash professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
The Great American Bash (2008) 
 It took place on July 20, 2008 at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum in Uniondale, New York and featured talent from the Raw, SmackDown!,
The Great American Bash (2008) 
 The main feud going into the Great American Bash on the SmackDown brand was between Triple H and Edge, with the two feuding over the WWE Championship.
The Great American Bash (2008) 
 On the July 4 edition of SmackDown, General Manager Vickie Guerrero announced that the two would compete against each other in a match for the WWE Championship at The Great American Bash.
Thomas Brezina 
 He is famous for his series The Knickerbocker Gang and his stories about the talking bike Tom Turbo.
Ontology 
 Ontology deals with questions about what things exist or can be said to exist, and how such entities can be grouped according to similarities and differences.
Ontology 
 Some philosophers, of the Platonic school, say that all nouns (including abstract nouns) refer to actual entities.
Ontology 
 In this view, mind, instead of referring to an entity, refers to a collection of mental events experienced by a person.
Ontology 
 Society refers to a collection of persons with some shared characteristics, and geometry refers to a collection of a specific kind of intellectual activity.
Ontology 
 Any ontology must give an account of which words refer to entities, which do not, why, and what categories result.
Ethiopian Airlines 
 It is the national airline of Ethiopia, operating scheduled international passenger and freight services to 80 destinations world-wide, as well as domestic services to 28 destinations and passenger and cargo charter flights.
Ethiopian Airlines 
 It has codeshare agreements with South African Airways, Lufthansa, TAAG Air Angola, Gulf Air, Air One, Brussels Airlines, British Midland Airways Limited, Rwanda Air, and Saudi Arabian Airways.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 Sellapan Ramanathan (Tamil: செல்லப்பன் ராமநாதன்; (July 3, 1924 – August 22, 2016) was the sixth President of the Republic of Singapore.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 Nathan was an Indian Singaporean; his childhood was spent with his two older brothers and parents, V. Sellapan and Apiram, in Muar, Johor, in a house near the sea.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 By then the young Nathan had returned to where he was born, Singapore, to live with an uncle, and received his early education in several Anglo-Chinese Schools, such as the Rangoon Road Afternoon School, and later Victoria School.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 During the Japanese Occupation of Singapore, Nathan worked for the Japanese civilian police as a translator.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 After the war, while working, he completed his secondary education through self-study, and entered the University of Malaya (then in Singapore) where he graduated in 1954 with a Diploma in Social Studies (Distinction).
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 His nomination was strongly supported by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew (then holding the post of Senior Minister).
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 He applied to the Presidential Elections Committee; by 6 August 2005 three more people had also submitted forms, but on 13 August the Committee said that the other three applicants had been rejected as unsuitable.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 Nathan, a Hindu, was married to Urmila (Umi) Nandey and had a daughter, a son, and three grandchildren.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 Nathan suffered a stroke on the morning of July 31, 2016 and was taken to Singapore General Hospital's Intensive Care Unit.
Sellapan Ramanathan 
 He was survived by his wife Urmila Nandey (known as Umi), their daughter Juthika and son Osith, three grandchildren, and his sister Sundari.
Singlish 
 It is the first language of many younger Singaporeans, especially those whose parents do not share a native language or dialect, and is the second language of nearly all the rest of the country's residents.
Singlish 
 The vocabulary of Singlish consists of words originating from English, Malay (mainly Bahasa Melayu rather than Indonesian), Hokkien, Teochew, Cantonese, Tamil and to a lesser extent various other European, Indic and Sinitic languages, while Singlish syntax resembles southern varieties of Chinese.
Singlish 
 To date, other Asian languages like Japanese, Korean and other lesser known Chinese dialects such as Shanghainese have also been incorporated into Singlish.
Singlish 
 Recently, due to the fact that Mandarin is taught to all Singaporean Chinese in school, Mandarin words have also found their way into Singlish.
Singlish 
 The Singaporean government currently discourages the use of Singlish in favour of Singapore Standard English as it believes in the need for Singaporeans to be able to effectively communicate with the other English users in the world.
1995-96 NHL season 
 1995–96 was the first season in Denver for the Avalanche, who had relocated from Quebec City where they were previously known as the Quebec Nordiques.
1995-96 NHL season 
 It was also the last season of existence for the Winnipeg Jets, as they announced that they would be moving from Manitoba to Arizona and become the Phoenix Coyotes at the season's end.
1995-96 NHL season 
 1995–96 would mark the last season the Buffalo Sabres would play in the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium, the Flyers at the Spectrum, and Canadiens at the Montreal Forum.
1995-96 NHL season 
 The Detroit Red Wings had a great season, finishing with the second-highest regular-season point total in NHL history (131 points), yet they fell to the Avalanche in the Western Conference final, the sixth game of which marked the beginning of the heated Detroit-Colorado rivalry.
1995-96 NHL season 
 The following is a list of players of note who played their first NHL game in 1995–96 (listed with their first team, stars(*) mark start in playoffs):
1995-96 NHL season 
 The following is a list of players of note that played their last game in the NHL in 1995–96 (listed with their last team):
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: C Jesse Belanger traded from Florida to Vancouver for Vancouver's 3rd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: LW Ken Baumgartner traded from Toronto to Anaheim for Winnipeg's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired).
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: D J-J Daigneault traded from St. Louis to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: LW Kevin Miller traded from San Jose to Pittsburgh for Pittsburgh's 5th round choice in 1996 Entry Draft and future considerations.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: LW Pat Conacher and Calgary's 6th round pick in 1997 Entry Draft traded from Calgary to NY Islanders for C Bob Sweeney.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: D Jaroslav Modry and Ottawa's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Ottawa to Los Angeles for RW Kevin Brown.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: LW Patrick Poulin, D Igor Ulanov and Chicago's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Chicago to Tampa Bay for D Enrico Ciccone and Tampa Bay's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: LW Yuri Khmylev and Buffalo's 8th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft traded from Buffalo to St. Louis for D Jean-Luc Grand Pierre, Ottawa's 2nd round pick in 1996 Entry Draft (previously acquired) and St. Louis' 3rd round pick in 1997 Entry Draft.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: C Dave Hannan traded from Buffalo to Colorado for Colorado's 6th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
1995-96 NHL season 
 March 20, 1996: RW Ravil Gusmanov traded from Winnipeg to Chicago for Chicago's 4th round pick in 1996 Entry Draft.
Singapore dollar 
 There are 2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 1000 and 10,000 dollar notes and 5¢, 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, and $1 coins in use.
Singapore dollar 
 However, the Singapore Dollar can also be used in Brunei due to an agreement signed between the Singapore government and the Brunei government.