the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Battle of Stalingrad 
 These numbers are for the whole Don region; in the city itself 750,000 were killed, captured, or wounded.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Anywhere from 25,000 to 40,000 Soviet civilians died in Stalingrad and its suburbs during a single week of aerial bombing by Luftflotte 4 as the German 4th Panzer and 6th Armies got close to the city; the total number of civilians killed in the regions outside the city is unknown.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 In all, the battle resulted in an estimated total of 1.7-2 million Axis and Soviet casualties, making it possibly the bloodiest battle in all of human history.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Based on the military successes of the Germans in the first month of the attacks, Hitler decided to expand the military goals.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Once the Armies began to fight in the for the city, both sides began to feel that it was very important to win.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 The German focus on the city made them not think of the weakness of their defenses along the Don and the massive buildup of Soviet forces on their sides.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 The 6th Army was eventually reorganized in time for the Battle of Kursk, but was made up mostly of new soldiers and was never as strong as it had once been.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 It also showed the discipline and determination of both the German Wehrmacht and the Soviet Red Army.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Richard Overy says that some people think that in the "summer of 1942 the Soviet army fought because it was forced to fight,” but he says this is not true A historian talked to Soviet veterans about terror on the Eastern Front.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 For the heroism of the Soviet defenders of Stalingrad, the city was awarded the title Hero City in 1945.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Twenty-four years after the battle, in October 1967, a monument, The Motherland Calls, was built on Mamayev Kurgan, the hill overlooking the city.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 At the beginning of the battle there were 75,000 women and girls from the Stalingrad area who had finished military or medical training, and all of whom were to serve in the battle.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Women staffed a great many of the anti-aircraft batteries that fought not only the Luftwaffe but German tanks.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Soviet nurses not only treated wounded men under fire but brought wounded soldiers back to the hospitals under enemy fire.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Many of the Soviet wireless and telephone operators were women who often suffered heavy injuries and deaths.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Though women were not usually trained as infantry, many Soviet women fought as machine gunners, mortar operators, and scouts.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Generals from both sides suffered from massive stress because of the battle and also because of the fact that they had to report to the most brutal leader in their nation's history.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 The events of the battle for Stalingrad have been shown in several movies of German, Russian, British and American origin.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 In the novel The Book Thief, one character was presumed to have died or been captured in The Battle of Stalingrad.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 In the 2011 video game Red Orchestra 2: Heroes of Stalingrad, the game shows famous locations of the battle, such as Pavlov's House, the Red October Factory and Mamayev Kurgan, among others.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 Stalingrad Battle  This site is sponsored by the main historical and culture organizations of Volgograd.
Battle of Stalingrad 
 The Battle of Stalingrad in Film and History Written with strong Socialist/Communist political under and overtones.
World War I reparations 
 World War I reparations means the payments and transfers of property and equipment that Germany was forced to make after its defeat during World War I.
World War I reparations 
 Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles (the 'war guilt' clause) declared Germany and its allies responsible for all 'loss and damage' of the Allies during the war and set up the basis for reparations.
World War I reparations 
 In January 1921, the total sum due was decided by an Inter-Allied Reparations Commission and was set at 132 billion gold marks, about £6.6 billion or $33 billion (roughly $393.6 billion US dollars as of 2005).
World War I reparations 
 Later that year, the amount was reduced to 132 billion marks, which still seemed too much for most German observers, both because of the amount itself as well as the terms.
World War I reparations 
 Germany stopped paying the reparations after Hitler's Nazi Party took power in 1933, with about one-eighth of the reparations having been paid by then.
World War I reparations 
 John Maynard Keynes resigned form the British Treasury in 1919 to protest this high sum of money demanded.
World War I reparations 
 In May 1929, the Young Plan reduced further payments to 112 billion gold marks ($28.35 billion over a period of 59 years, which was 1988).
World War I reparations 
 In addition, the Young Plan divided the yearly payment, set at two billion gold marks (US$473 million), into two parts: one part equal to one third of the sum and could not be postponed and a postponable part for the remaining two-thirds.
World War I reparations 
 The German High Command blamed many civilian parts in the society, especially socialists, communists and Jews.
World War I reparations 
 The Germans were unhappy with the sum of reparations, which seems terrible, partly because German leaders could not represent in the decision.
World War I reparations 
 The economic problems from the payments was said to be an important factor that led to the end of the Weimar Republic and the beginning of dictatorship of Adolf Hitler.
World War I reparations 
 John Maynard Keynes, a British economist, said this would weaken German economy as well as German politics.
World War I reparations 
 Margaret MacMillan, a Canadian historian, showed her idea that Germany could have paid all the payments if they wanted to.
World War I reparations 
 She said the Germans paid the reparations in full and on time as long as the French occupied Düsseldorf in 1921, but stopped after the French were no longer stationed there in 1922.
World War I reparations 
 Later that year, the problem became more serious as French and Belgian representatives urged an occupation of the  Ruhr Area to force Germany to pay, while the British wanted to lower the reparations.
World War I reparations 
 The Allies was quite sure that the German government intended to refuse paying to test if the Allies willed to enforce reparations.
World War I reparations 
 As a "quiet fight" in the Ruhr, the German government began the hyperinflation that destroyed the German economy in 1923.
World War I reparations 
 In 2008, a British historain Richard J. Evans said that the German government was responsible for the hyperinflation as they preferred this to paying reparations.
World War I reparations 
 The Germans won the world's pity, and after that, the French were forced to agree to the Dawes Plan of April 1924, which lowered the reparations.
World War I reparations 
 Under this new plan, Germany paid 1 billion marks in 1924 and reached the total of 2.25 billion by 1927.
World War I reparations 
 To deal with this, the Allies met in a conference in London in July-August 1924, and was the first time that Germany challenged the Versailles Treaty.
World War I reparations 
 The Germans complained that payments under the Dawes Plan were still too high, so the Young Plan of 1928 was set up and the Germans were not required to pay higher than 2.5 billion until 1988.
World War I reparations 
 Gustav Stresemann demanded that Rhineland must returned to Germany in order that Germany accept the plan.
World War I reparations 
 The British historain A. J. P. Taylor wrote that the reparations was harsh enough to be seen as a punishment, but not enough to stop Germany from regaining its great power status, and can be blamed for the rise of Adolf Hitler.
Richard III (play) 
 Like other history plays written by Shakespeare, Richard III is about people and events from earlier in English history.
Richard III (play) 
 Shakespeare used the history books of his own time to create his play, though many modern experts do not think those early histories, or Shakespeare's play, are accurate and free of bias.
Richard III (play) 
 In his play, Shakespeare shows the king as a cruel tyrant who does many evil acts, before he is defeated in battle and killed by Henry Tudor.
Richard III (play) 
 The play contains black comedy, especially because Richard III keeps telling people he is a good man despite behaving like a villain.
Richard III (play) 
 Shakespeare lived and wrote before modern ideas of freedom of speech and freedom of the press had become accepted.
Richard III (play) 
 Elizabeth I of England, who was queen from 1558 to 1603, was the granddaughter of Henry VII and the last Tudor ruler.
Richard III (play) 
 Her government saw Richard III as a villain and the man who replaced him, Henry VII, as a hero, and censored any other point of view.
Richard III (play) 
 If Shakespeare had wanted to write a play with Richard III as a hero, he would not have been allowed to do so.
Lojban 
 It is an unusual language because it is based on predicate logic, and because it is made to have no syntactic ambiguity.
Lojban 
 │   │└ tanru consists of more than one brivo, derived from English metaphor, Chinese 隐喻 yǐnyù, Hindi रूपक rupak
Lojban 
 │           └ gadri initiating article such as la, le, lo, derived from Chinese 冠词 guàncí, Arabic أداة adah, Spanish artículo
Lojban 
 ││├ (sizy)jvomi'u (concept of) equivalent, alternative lujvo form(s) with equal meaning, from ‘(si'o) lujvo mintu’
Lojban 
 It was created by a man named James Cooke Brown, who wanted to test a hypothesis called the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Lojban 
 This is because it is unlike any natural language, and because it forces its speakers to focus on the logic of what they say.
Lojban 
 If you speak Lojban correctly, it is unlikely for someone else to be confused by what you are saying.
Lojban 
 Linguistic relationships are always very clear in Lojban, so such ambiguity cannot exist in the language.
Lojban 
 Because they know most other people do not speak lojban, they usually keep their real name as well, and only use their lojban name when speaking to other lojbanists.
Lojban 
 If someone is telling you their real name, they usually say mi'e la'oi (sounds like miheh lahoy) followed by the name.
Lojban 
 For example, you might say "Yes" (or "OK" or "uh-huh") to tell someone that you heard what they are saying.
Lojban 
 This is part of the idea of lojban: to make words easier to understand by making sure that one word can only mean one thing.
Annulment 
 At the time of the marriage, at least one was too young; the minimum age is set at 16 years for males and 14 for females.
Osroene 
 Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene, from the Greek ;  ), also known by the name of its capital city, Edessa (modern Şanlıurfa, Turkey), was a historic kingdom located on the present-day border of Syria and Turkey.
Osroene 
 The kingdom was Assyrian and enjoyed semi-autonomy to complete independence from the years of 132 BCE to 244 AD.
Osroene 
 It was a Syriac speaking kingdom, and according to an ancient legend King Abgar V of Edessa was converted to Christianity by Thaddeus of Edessa, or Saint Addai, one of the Seventy-two Disciples.
BRIT Awards 
 The BRIT Awards (often called just the Brits), are awards given yearly by the British Phonographic Industry (an association of British people who are professionally involved in the recorded music industry) for outstanding work in music.
The Sound of Girls Aloud 
 The Sound of Girls Aloud was a 2006 album by Girls Aloud that featured all of their most popular songs so far.
Oil paint 
 People say that Leonardo da Vinci worked on his painting of the Mona Lisa for four years, even though it is not a very large picture.
Oil paint 
 It is believed that oil paint was used in Europe in the Middle Ages at first for decorating shields, because oil paint lasted better than the traditional paint of tempera when it was in the weather, or if it was roughly treated.
Oil paint 
 The Renaissance art historian, Giorgio Vasari, said that the art of oil painting came from northern Europe and the person who invented it was the famous Flemish painter Jan van Eyck.
Oil paint 
 Artists from the areas of modern Belgium and the Netherlands were the first artists to make oil painting their usual method of painting.
Oil paint 
 A famous painting called the Portinari Altarpiece by Hugo van der Goes arrived in Florence in the 1470s at a time when Leonardo da Vinci was young.
Oil paint 
 Oil paintings at this date were usually done on wooden panels, in the way that tempera pictures were.
Oil paint 
 Another influence on oil painting in Italy was an artist from Sicily called Antonello da Messina, who had learnt to paint in oils.
Oil paint 
 He travelled the length of Italy, from Sicily to Venice and did many small paintings including portraits and pictures of the Madonna and Child and Jesus.
Oil paint 
 Giovanni Bellini, who was one of a family of well-known painters, was one of the first painters in Italy to paint very large pictures in oil paint.
Oil paint 
 By 1540, there were very few painters who still worked in tempera, the previous method for painting on panels.
Oil paint 
 This meant that it could be used on flexible surfaces like cloth without breaking away and falling off.
Oil paint 
 Once painting on canvas (heavy linen cloth) became usual, artists were able to do enormous pictures.
Oil paint 
 Since the 1500s, oil painting has remained the favourite technique for artists who want to paint a picture that will last for a long time.
Oil paint 
 The famous artists of the 20th century are not shown here, because many of their works are copyright.
Oil paint 
 Famous modernist artists who have painted in oils include Picasso, Matisse, Mondrian, Chagall, Kandinsky, Malevich, Salvador Dali, Francis Bacon, Lucien Freud, and Jackson Pollock.
Oil paint 
 Up to about 1960 oils and water paints were overwhelmingly the leading materials chosen by painters.
Oil paint 
 These include pine resin, frankincense, poppy seed oil, walnut oil, and in more modern times safflower oil.
Oil paint 
 Artists use turpentine or mineral spirits to thin the paint if they wanted to make a fast-drying sketch that they can then paint over in more detail.
Oil paint 
 Oil paint is usually dry to the touch in a day to two weeks, depending on how much oil and turpentine is in it.
Oil paint 
 An oil painting is generally varnished when it is finished, which gives a slight shine to the surface and protects it.
Oil paint 
 The canvas must be stretched tightly over a frame called a "stretcher" and fixed into place with little tacks or staples.
Oil paint 
 Before an artist can paint on a board or canvas, they must prepare it with a "ground" or "undercoat" of plain white paint.
Oil paint 
 Then the artist can sketch a picture onto the surface using charcoal, or paint that is made thin and quick-drying with turpentine or mineral spirits.
Oil paint 
 The artist often works in a brownish or bluish colour, to suggest where the "tone" (light and dark) will be in the finished painting.
Oil paint 
 The good thing about oil paint is that it can be used in all sorts of ways that most other types of paint cannot be used.
Oil paint 
 Oil paint can be transparent so that the layers underneath can be seen, or it can dense so that it covers everything underneath.
Oil paint 
 Oil paint can be put on with brushes; it can also be scaped on with a knife, dobbed and smeared with fingers, rubbed on with a cloth, and squeezed onto the painting straight out of the tube.
Oil paint 
 Because oil paint can be used in so many different ways, it is better than any other type of paint for painting different textures.
Oil paint 
 After Rembrandt, there were always some artists who liked to work in a smooth way, and others who used many different ways of putting on the paint.
John Law 
 John Law (baptized 21 April 1671 - 21 March 1729) was a Scottish economist who believed that money was only a means of exchange that did not have wealth in itself, and that national wealth depended on trade.
John Law 
 He is said to be the father of finance, responsible for the adoption or use of paper money or bills in the world today.
John Law 
 Millionaire: The Philanderer, Gambler, and Duelist Who Invented Modern Finance  by Janet Gleeson (2000). ()
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Homer J. Simpson, the father, who is overweight, lazy and works at a nuclear power plant and likes doughnuts:)
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Marge Simpson (née Bouvier), the mother, a housewife, who is very tolerant (understanding) of her family.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Krusty The Clown, TV star and host of a popular Children's/Comedy/Variety show who smokes and drinks a lot
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Ned Flanders, the Simpsons' religious devout neighbor he has two shy children and his wife Maude died in season 11.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Kang and Kodos, two aliens that appear in every treehouse of horror their other sibling roger doesn't appear in any other treehouse of horror except the first
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Itchy and Scratchy, cartoon cat and mouse who are a different more violent version of Tom and Jerry.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Sideshow Bob (Robert Terwilliger), was Krusty the Clown's assistant before he was jailed after framing Krusty for armed robbery.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Fat Tony, the town's chief gangster who has a group of mobsters, including Legs and Louie, and occasionally Icepick and Johnny Tightlips.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Sideshow Cecil (Cecil Terwilliger), Sideshow Bob's somewhat evil brother, who was also once a clown.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Ranier Wolfcastle, The Arnold Schwarzenegger-like Hollywood action hero of Springfield who is in a lot of movies in Springfield.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Tobias, the stereotypical Australian boy telephoned by Bart in the "Simpson's in Australia" episode.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Superintendent Chalmers, The superintendent of all Springfield elementary schools who does not like Principal Skinner.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Mrs. Krabappel and Ms. Hoover, Bart and Lisa's teachers, who both do not want to teach because they do not have relationships.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Sideshow Mel, Krusty's second assistant who replaced Bob after going to prison for trying to frame Krusty for armed robbery.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 He does not say much on the Krusty show (talks with a whistle) and once tried to get gum out of his hair with a bone ....it just made matters worse.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Squeaky Voice Teen, recurring character that has a squeaky voice and is known to have a job advertising burgers.
List of The Simpsons characters 
 Joey, another mafia member who temporarily joined the Callibricis goons then appears in the mafia again.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as on large stones and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 272 to 231 BCE.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 According to the edicts, the extent of Buddhist proselytism during this period reached as far as the Mediterranean, and many Buddhist monuments were created.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 animals that had to be killed for human consumption or sacrificing, protected some of them, and in general criticized violent acts against animals, such as castration.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 These edicts were set up in different part of Ashoka's empire and spread the message of Ashoka's Dhamma.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 Most of the Ashoka's edicts are written in Brahmi Script and were discovered by James Prinsep, a British official in 1837.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 After this major breakthrough, historians and scholars were able to obtain information about Ashoka and his reign.
Edicts of Ashoka 
 Inscriptions of India -- Complete listing of historical inscriptions from Indian temples and monuments
Proselytism 
 Proselytism is the practice of attempting to convert people to another opinion and, particularly, another religion.
Proselytism 
 The word proselytism comes from the Greek language prefix 'pros' (towards) and the verb 'erchomai' (I come).
Proselytism 
 Historically in the New Testament, the word proselyte meant a person who had converted to the Jewish religion.
Proselytism 
 Though the word proselytism was originally used in Christianity, it is also used to refer to other religions' attempts to convert people to their beliefs or even any attempt to convert people to another point of view, religious or not.
Proselytism 
 International Religious Liberty Association: "Proselytism, Change of Religion, and International Human Rights" by Natan Lerner.
Proselytism 
 Pope Benedict XVI asks always for guarantees that Christian faith can be "proposed" and that it can be "freely chosen": When Civilizations Meet: How Joseph Ratzinger Sees Islam
Proselytism 
 For a discussion of some of the legal aspects of defining illicit proselytism, see the article Proselytism, Change of Religion, and International Human Rights, by Natan Lerner, PhD
Armistice 
 A truce or ceasefire usually refers to a temporary stop of hostilities for an agreed limited time or within a limited area.
Armistice 
 The 1953 Korean War armistice   is a major example of an armistice which has not yet been followed by a peace treaty.
Armistice 
 Armistices are always negotiated between the parties themselves and are thus generally seen as more binding than UN cease-fire resolutions in modern international law.
Armistice 
 The most famous armistice is the Armistice with Germany at the end of World War I, on 11 November, 1918, signed near Compiègne, France, and effective at the "eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month."
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 The armistice treaty between the Allies, who fought Germany during World War I, and Germany was signed in a railway carriage in Compiègne Forest on 11 November 1918, and marked the end of the First World War on the Western Front.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 Marshal Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Commander-in-chief, and Matthias Erzberger, Germany's representative were the most important persons who signed it.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 Acting German commander Paul von Hindenburg had requested arrangements for a meeting from Ferdinand Foch via telegram on 7 November.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 Allied occupation of the Rhineland and bridgeheads further east, the surrender of aircraft, warships, and military materiel,
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 eventual reparations, no release of German prisoners and no relaxation of the naval blockade of Germany.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 Although the armistice ended the fighting on the Western Front, it had to be prolonged three times until the Treaty of Versailles.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 The later abdication of the Kaiser, and the economic troubles of Germany in the 1920s, led towards the later rise of Adolf Hitler.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 The peace between the Allies and Germany that followed this armistice was the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Armistice with Germany (Compiègne) 
 The Armistice Demands, translated into English from German Government statement The World War I Document Archive, Brigham Young University Library, accessed July 27, 2006