the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 This meant the Crown of Castile and the various territories of the Crown of Aragon were united in a personal union.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 For the first time since the 8th century this created a single political unit which might be called Spain, although the various territories were not properly administered as a single unit until the 18th century.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 The first decades of Ferdinand and Isabella's joint rule were taken up with the conquest of the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim enclave in the Iberian peninsula.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 By the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, the extra-European world was split between the crowns of Portugal and Castile by a north-south line through the Atlantic Ocean.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 In 1494, Charles VIII of France invaded Italy and expelled Ferdinand's cousin, Alfonso II, from the throne of Naples.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Ferdinand's alliance with various Italian princes and with Emperor Maximilian I, expelled the French by 1496 and installed Alfonso's son, Ferdinand, on the Neapolitan throne.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 In 1501, following the death of Ferdinand II of Naples and his succession by his uncle Frederick, Ferdinand of Aragon signed an agreement with Charles VIII's successor, Louis XII.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Louis had just successfully asserted his claims to the Duchy of Milan, and they agreed to partition Naples between them, with Campania and the Abruzzi, including Naples itself, going to the French and Ferdinand taking Apulia and Calabria.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 The agreement soon fell apart, and over the next several years, Ferdinand's great general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba conquered Naples from the French, by 1504.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Another less famous "conquest" took place in 1502, when Andreas Paleologus, de jure Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, left Ferdinand and Isabella as heirs to the empire, thus Ferdinand became de jure Roman Emperor.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Ferdinand served as the latter's regent during her absence in the Netherlands, ruled by her husband Archduke Philip.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Ferdinand attempted to retain the regency permanently, but was rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband, who became Philip I of Castile.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 After Philip's death in 1506, with Joanna mentally unstable, and her and Philip's son Charles of Ghent only six years old, Ferdinand resumed the regency, ruling through Francisco Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros, the Chancellor of the Kingdom.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 All the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, Ferdinand, Maximilian, and Pope Julius II joined together against as the League of Cambrai.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Although the French were victorious against Venice at the Battle of Agnadello, the League soon fell apart, as both the Pope and Ferdinand became suspicious of French intentions.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 In November 1511 Ferdinand and his son-in-law Henry VIII of England signed the Treaty of Westminster, pledging mutual aid between the two against France.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Earlier that year, Ferdinand had conquered the southern half of the Kingdom of Navarre, which was ruled by a French nobleman, and annexed it to Spain.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 At this point to reinforce his claim to the kingdom, Ferdinand remarried with the much younger Germaine of Foix (1490–1538), a granddaughter of Queen Leonor of Navarre.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 The Holy League was generally successful in Italy, as well, driving the French from Milan, which was restored to its Sforza dukes by the peace treaty in 1513.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 The succession of his grandson Charles, who inherited not only the Spanish lands of his maternal grandparents, but the Habsburg and Burgundian lands of his paternal family, would make his heirs the most powerful rulers on the continent.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Charles succeeded him in the Aragonese lands, and was also granted the Castilian crown jointly with his insane mother, bringing about at long last the unification of the Spanish thrones under one head.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Ferdinand and Isabella had 5 children, Isabella of Asturias, Juan of Aragon, Joanna of Castile, Maria of Aragon, and Catherine of Aragon.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Joanna and Catherine married with several European dynasties, setting the bases for the huge heritage of their grandson Charles V. His granddaughter was Queen Mary I of England.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Ferdinand is entombed in the Capilla Real of Granada, alongside his wife, his daughter Joanna and her husband Philip, and his grandson Miguel.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 During his joint reign with Queen Isabella, they used the motto "Tanto monta, monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando" ("They amount to the same, Isabel and Ferdinand").
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 This was used to imply their equal power in both of their domains, as such an arrangement was uncommon in those times.
Ferdinand II of Aragon 
 Some scholars argue that Ferdinand, and not the unfortunate Cesare Borgia, was the true inspiration for Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, in which he is frequently mentioned.
Web 2.0 
 Web 2.0 is considered beneficial because it is easy for people to publish their work, connect with other people, and share and exchange information.
Web 2.0 
 The Internet technology which is used for web 2.0 is not different from the old Internet technology, but the ways people use the web (the Internet) has changed.
Roman Republic 
 The Republic had few enemies but it was constantly on war with the Gauls, who were conquered by Caesar later.
Roman Republic 
 The Punic Wars against Carthage were fought all over the Mediterranean coasts, mainly because of Sicily and trade disputes.
Roman Republic 
 The Republic suffered many disasters including Spartacus (the leader of a slave revolt) Spartacus defeated one consul's army before being captured, the Republic suffered at the hands of Hannibal, who after crossing the Alps defeated the Roman Army at Cannae and many other battles which saw Rome with a great fear of being destroyed by Hannibal.
Roman Republic 
 The end of the Republic is still a matter of dispute; different scholars will give different dates for it.
Roman Republic 
 The end of the Republic is often said to be when Gaius Julius Caesar was appointed as dictator (single ruler) by the Roman Senate.
Roman Republic 
 Some people say the Republic ended with the naval Battle of Actium between Marcus Antonius and Octavian.
Roman Republic 
 In the view of the early emperors, the Res Publica (Republic, literally "Thing of the People") still existed.
Roman Republic 
 This never happened, and so scholars divide the Roman Empire and the Roman Republic as two different, distinct periods of the history of Rome.
First Triumvirate 
 The First Triumvirate is the name most historians give to the political alliance between Gaius Julius Caesar, Marcus Licinius Crassus and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey).
First Triumvirate 
 Crassus, who was much envied and hated for his wealth and the means he used to attain it, was also able to gain popularity from Pompey as well as Caesar who had a loyal following in the plebeian class.
First Triumvirate 
 Caesar's speeches in the senate were in favor of giving the newly conquered land to Pompey's returned legions.
First Triumvirate 
 Pompey and Crassus ended their old grudge that dated back to the Third Servile War because they realised the advantages they allowed each other.
First Triumvirate 
 To cement the Triumvirate, Crassus told Caesar's numerous debt holders that he would pay Caesar's loans if Caesar defaulted.
Second Triumvirate 
 It ended the effort by Marcus Tullius Cicero to make the Senate once again the top body of the Republic.
Second Triumvirate 
 The Triumvirate army, led by Octavian and Mark Antony, defeated the Conspirators' army led by Cassius and Brutus.
Occam's razor 
 Another way of saying it is that the more assumptions you have to make, the more unlikely an explanation.
Occam's razor 
 William of Ockham, a Franciscan friar who studied logic in the 14th century, first made this principle well known.
Occam's razor 
 This means if there are several possible ways something might have happened, the way which uses the fewest guesses is probably the correct one.
Occam's razor 
 However, Occam's razor only applies when the simple explanation and complex explanation both work equally well.
Occam's razor 
 If a more complex explanation does a better job than a simpler one, then you should use the complex explanation.
Occam's razor 
 A problem with Occam's razor is that the sentence is not really about things (entia = entities), but about explanations or hypotheses.
Occam's razor 
 Not only is Ptolemy earlier than Occam, but Occam's supposed wording cannot be found in any of his existing works.
Occam's razor 
 "We are to admit no more causes of natural things other than such as are both true and sufficient to explain their appearances.
Occam's razor 
 "Whenever possible, substitute constructions out of known entities for inferences to unknown entities".
Occam's razor 
 In science, Occam's razor is used as an heuristic (general guiding rule or an observation) to guide scientists.
Occam's razor 
 Two meteorites have each taken one tree down and, after striking the trees, hit each other removing any trace of themselves.
Occam's razor 
 Even though both are possible, several other unlikely things would also need to happen for the meteorites to have knocked the trees down, for example: they would have to hit each other and not leave any marks.
Occam's razor 
 Since this second explanation needs several assumptions to all be true, it is probably the wrong answer.
Occam's razor 
 Occam's razor tells us the wind blew the trees down, because this is the simplest answer therefore probably the right one.
Occam's razor 
 In calculating how long it takes for the feather to reach the ground, to make the maths simpler, one might make an assumption: that the effect of air resistance can be ignored.
Occam's razor 
 This assumption makes the problem simpler, but is unlikely to lead to a good prediction as to the time it will take for the feather to fall.
Occam's razor 
 Thus, making the assumption that air resistance can be ignored is in this case not the "simplest" in concept, but the simplest in other respects (in this case, the maths).
Occam's razor 
 Not making the assumption here is the "simplest" in concept because it involves making fewer assumptions.
Turbofolk 
 It mostly comes from Greece, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, but it is also popular in other nearby countries.
Turbofolk 
 It sounds like a mix of Arabic-style singing (in the Serbian language) with electronic music and rock music.
Turbofolk 
 Turbofolk is sometimes associated with the recent Balkan wars and the Breakup of Yugoslavia but it is still popular.
Roman Britain 
 Roman Britain (Britannia) was the part of Great Britain in the Roman Empire from AD 43 to 409 or 410.
Roman Britain 
 In 43 AD, the Emperor Claudius sent an invasion force, led by Aulus Plautius, a distinguished senator.
Roman Britain 
 He was given four legions, totalling about 20,000 men, plus about the same number of helpers The legions were:
Roman Britain 
 After the revolt of Boudica there was usually peace and a process of full "romanization" started successfully in southeast Britain.
Roman Britain 
 The Romans considered Britannia as a single territory and administratively they divided the huge island in five provinces: Britannia prima (capital London), Britannia secunda, Flavia Caesariensis, Maxima Caesariensis and Valentia.
Roman Britain 
 It seems that they have created also a sixth province -during Agricola conquest- in Caledonia, called Vespasiana.
Roman Britain 
 Roman legions left in 410 AD after almost four centuries, and the administration of the country was taken over by prominent local chieftains.
Roman Britain 
 This was known as Sub-Roman Britain, with a Romano-British culture and the people may have used a Latin-based language.
Roman Britain 
 It lasted for more than two centuries but gave way to an increasingly Anglo-Saxon England by the start of the seventh century.
Roman Britain 
 Many of Britain's major cities, such as London (Londinium), Manchester (Mamucium) and York (Eboracum), were founded by the Romans.
Roman Britain 
 The British were skilled in the arts, and produced ornamental jewellery and pottery which was exported to Europe.
Roman Britain 
 To keep Roman control, forts and garrisons were built throughout Britain, and the existing roads improved.
Roman Britain 
 For example, the often flooded Somerset levels was like a huge market garden that provided supplies for the garrisons at Exeter, Gloucester, Bath and the forts in between.
Roman Britain 
 Local fishermen supplied fresh fish, and farmers reared sheep, pigs, cattle and poultry for the garrisons.
Roman Britain 
 This spread such that by the mid second century much of Cornwall, Devon, Western Dorset, and South Somerset had adopted Christianity.
Roman Britain 
 The spread of Christianity continued eastward and strongly northward into Wales through the next two centuries, especially after the adoption of Christianity by Rome.
Roman Britain 
 The Romans had built shrines and temples to their pagan gods and continued to patronize these, even after the adoption of Christianity by Rome.
990 
 The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the church in southern France attempting to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy, is promulgated.
Bixente Lizarazu 
 He has also won the UEFA Champions League (2001) and was champion of the Bundesliga (both with Bayern Munich) five times in a six-year period (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005).
Bixente Lizarazu 
 After playing for Bordeaux, he played for the Spanish club Athletic Bilbao (1996-1997) before he went to Bayern Munich (1997-2005).
Shetland 
 Shetland (or the Shetland Islands) is an archipelago, the furthest out part of Scotland in the United Kingdom.
Shetland 
 The islands form part of the boundary between the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the North Sea to the east.
Shetland 
 In 1969 crude oil was discovered near the islands, leading to an alternative source of income for them.
Shetland 
 By the end of the 9th century the Norsemen shifted from plundering to invasion, mainly due to the overpopulation of Scandinavia in comparison to resources and arable land available there.
Shetland 
 After Harald Finehair took control of all Norway, many of his opponents fled, some to Orkney and Shetland.
Shetland 
 From the Northern Isles they continued to raid Scotland and Norway, prompting Harald Hårfagre to raise a large fleet which he sailed to the islands.
Shetland 
 Ragnvald, Earl of Møre received Orkney and Shetland as an earldom from the king as reparation for his son's being killed in battle in Scotland.
Shetland 
 In the Treaty of Perth in 1266 the Norwegian king surrendered his furthest British islands to Scotland.
Shetland 
 The islands did not become Scottish until the 15th century, and were  ratified by an Act of Parliament in 1669.
Shetland 
 For three centuries the Shetlanders sold their fish (salted cod) through the German Hanseatic League, a trading organisation.
Shetland 
 Many people on the run from the Germans, and much important information on German activity in Norway, were brought back to the Allies this way.
Shetland 
 Sullom Voe terminal opened in 1978 and is the largest oil export harbour in the United Kingdom with a volume of 25 million tons per year.
Shetland 
 Firm geological evidence shows that at around 6100 BC a tsunami caused by the Storegga Slides hit Shetland, as well as the rest of the east coast of Scotland, and may have washed over some of the Shetland Islands completely.
Shetland 
 Due to the practice of building in stone on the virtually tree-less islands, Shetland is extremely rich in physical remains of all these periods, though Shetland is less rich in material remains than Orkney.
Shetland 
 The artifacts of all the eras of Shetland's past can be studied at the newly built (2007) Shetland Museum in Lerwick.
Salt evaporation pond 
 These colors are especially interesting to airplane passengers or astronauts passing above due to their somewhat artistic formations of shape and color.
Salinity 
 Salinity is measured by the amount of sodium chloride found in 1,000 grams of water, if there is 1 gram of sodium chloride in 1,000 grams of water solution it is 1 part per thousand.
Food preservation 
 For thousands of years, humans have used methods of preserving food, so that they can store food to eat later.
Food preservation 
 The simplest methods of preserving food, such as drying strips of fish or meat in the hot sun have been used for thousands of years, and they are still used today by indigenous peoples.
Food preservation 
 Heating the food or baking it (a hard corn-flour biscuit stays edible much longer than a bowl of fresh corn)
Food preservation 
 Pasteurization: Louis Pasteur found that simply heating food kills most microorganisms and makes it last longer.
Food preservation 
 Converting the food into a longer-lasting form (for example, fresh goat's milk can be converted into cheese or yogurt, which lasts much longer than fresh milk)
Food preservation 
 Putting large amounts of sugar into the food (for example, as with jam or fruit jarred in sugar and water)
Food preservation 
 Some preserved fruit is heated and then mixed with alcohol (for example, Brandy) and a large amount of sugar.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 Clapham Junction railway station is a train station in Battersea in the London Borough of Wandsworth.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 All services to Waterloo and many services to Victoria and Croydon stations pass through the junction; these include South West Trains, Gatwick Express and Southern services.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 Services from Clapham Junction also head north along the West London line, through West Brompton and Kensington (Olympia), on to Willesden Junction and Watford Junction - services (to Willesden Junction) are operated by London Overground.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 The station's main entrance is from St. John's Hill, into a foot tunnel which is 15 ft (4.6 m) wide.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 It runs under the eastern end of the 17 platforms, and to a northern exit, which has restricted opening hours.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 The foot tunnel becomes very crowded during the morning and evening rush hours, and ticket barriers at the end of the tunnel are a particular pinch point.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 The station is named Clapham Junction because it is close to the joining point of a number of major rail lines—although the name is not shared by any junction near the station.
Clapham Junction railway station 
 Short History of Clapham Junction  prepared by Wandsworth Council, and from which much of the information in the history section of this entry is sourced.
Adenosine triphosphate 
 After this, the molecule only has two phosphate groups, so it is called adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Adenosine triphosphate 
 In animals, ATP is needed for muscle movement, nerve signals, brain processes, and making new cells.
Adenosine triphosphate 
 ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann and Jendrassik, and at the same time, by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subba Rao at Harvard Medical School.
Adenosine triphosphate 
 In 1941, Fritz Albert Lipmann suggested ATP was the connection between reactions that take energy, and reactions that give energy, in cells.
Adenosine triphosphate 
 Half of the prize was given to Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker for explaining how the enzyme ATP synthase makes ATP.
Adenosine triphosphate 
 The other half of the prize was given to Jens C. Skou for finding a very important cell enzyme that uses ATP, Na+/K+-ATPase.
Shrimp 
 They have a high tolerance to toxins in polluted areas, and may contribute to high toxin levels in their predators.
Shrimp 
 They play important roles in the food chain and are important food sources for larger animals from fish to whales.
Shrimp 
 The muscular tails of shrimp can be eaten, and they are widely caught and farmed for human consumption.
Shrimp 
 Shrimp farming took off during the 1980s, particularly in China, and by 2007 the harvest from shrimp farms exceeded the capture of wild shrimp.
Prawn 
 Prawns are crustaceans similar in appearance to shrimps, but they can be distinguished by the gill structure which branches out in prawns but not in shrimps.
Prawn 
 Like shrimps, prawns tend to prefer warmer waters in the tropics but some species of prawn are found in the Northern Hemisphere.
Prawn 
 Prawns are a common source of food for humans around the world, particularly in areas where the prawn exists naturally such as South-East Asia.
Martin Amis 
 His best known novels include Money (1984), London Fields (1989), Time's Arrow (1991) and The Information (1995).
Martin Amis 
 Affected by several writers including his father Sir Kingsley Amis, Amis's style of writing has affected a generation of writers.
Martin Amis 
 His recent work has looked at moral and geopolitical issues, including The Holocaust, Communist Russia, and the September 11, 2001 attacks and Islamism.
Martin Amis 
 The fame of his father's first novel Lucky Jim sent the Amises to Princeton, New Jersey, where his father lectured.
Martin Amis 
 It tells the story of a smart, self-centered teenager (which Amis says he based on himself) and his relationship with his girlfriend in the year before going to university.
Martin Amis 
 Success (1977) told the story of two foster-brothers, Gregory Riding and Terry Service, and their good and bad luck.
Martin Amis 
 It show the encounters between three main characters in London in 1999, as a climate disaster draws near.
Martin Amis 
 He also writes about finding long-lost daughter, Delilah Seale and of how one of his cousins, 21-year-old Lucy Partington, became a victim of suspected serial killer Fred West.
Xi Shun 
 Xi Shun (Bao Xishun) (China, born in 1951) is in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's tallest living man.
Xi Shun 
 In September of 2005 he made his first trip outside of China to London to visit Guinness World Records.
Xi Shun 
 He once saved some dolphins' lives by getting pieces of plastic from their stomachs that veterinarians could not reach.
Crab 
 Crabs are a form of decapods (having eight walking legs and two grasping claws), along with lobsters, crayfish and shrimps.
Crab 
 Most crabs live in sea-water, but there are some who live in fresh water, and some who live on land.
Crab 
 The smallest are the size of a pea; the largest (the Japanese spider crab) grows to a leg span of 4 metres.
Crab 
 If the food is a shellfish (mollusc), then the pincers can exert force to open or break the mollusc's shell.
Crab 
 Some species are eaten whole, including the shell, such as soft-shell crab; with other species just the claws and/or legs are eaten.
Crab 
 One American way to prepare crab meat is by extracting it and adding a flour mix, creating a crab cake.
Crab 
 They are part of the 'Mesozoic marine revolution', in which a number of sea-floor predators evolved.
Crab 
 The closest relatives of the crabs are anomurans, a crustacean group which includes animals such as hermit crabs, king crabs and squat lobsters.
Crab 
 Anomurans can be told apart by the number of legs: crabs have eight legs, along with two claws or pincers, while the last pair of an anomuran's legs is hidden inside the shell, so that only six are visible.
Gran Colombia 
 In 1831 Venezuela and Ecuador, being the eastern and southern part of the country, declared independence from Gran Colombia.
Nail (anatomy) 
 A nail is a hard part of the body at the tip of the fingers and toes, of which most people have ten.
Nail (anatomy) 
 The nails are made up of a protein called keratin which also makes up the main element of hair and skin.
Nail (anatomy) 
 Helping delicate movements of the fingertips by allowing counter-pressure on the pulp of the finger.