the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
People's Republic of China 
 They are Hong Kong, which was once a colony of the United Kingdom and given back to China in 1997 and Macau, which Portugal gave back in 1999.
People's Republic of China 
 Aside from the "municipalities" and the "SARs", there are 23 provinces and five "autonomous regions" or regions with more law-making rights than the provinces and with many people of a minority group population.
People's Republic of China 
 They are the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, the Tibet Autonomous Region or Xizang Autonomous Region, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
People's Republic of China 
 In the SARs, the central government is responsible for defense and foreign affairs but not the daily operations for 50 years.
People's Republic of China 
 However, PRC does not have control of Taiwan which has an entirely different political system and officially known as the Republic of China (Taiwan).
People's Republic of China 
 It also has one of the world's oldest writing systems (and the oldest in use today), and is viewed as the source of many major inventions.
People's Republic of China 
 Ancient China was one of the first civilizations and was active since the 2nd millennium BC as a feudal society.
People's Republic of China 
 Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing, with the others being Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Maya civilization, the Minoan civilization of ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt.
People's Republic of China 
 Home of  Confucianism and Daoism, it had great influence on nearby countries including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam in the areas of political system, philosophy, religion, art, and even writing and literature.
People's Republic of China 
 Before the Qin Dynasty united China, there were hundreds of small states that fought each other for hundreds of years in a war to control China.
People's Republic of China 
 Although the continuing wars made people suffer, it was at this time when many of the great philosophies of the East were born, including Confucianism and Daoism.
People's Republic of China 
 Confucianism and Daoism alone have been the foundation of many social values seen in modern eastern-Asian cultures today.
People's Republic of China 
 Its geography mostly looked like that of modern China, except with northern and western edges that varied.
People's Republic of China 
 It was often attacked by northern nomadic people such as the Turkic tribes and the Mongols lead by Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan.
People's Republic of China 
 During the history of ancient China, the northern nomadic people and the Chinese people had been fighting each other and taking turns to rule the land and the people of China.
People's Republic of China 
 However, when the northern people beat the Chinese people and came to rule the kingdom, they also Incorporated the Chinese way of living and became like the Chinese.
People's Republic of China 
 Many of the strongest dynasties of China were ruled by the northern people, including the Qin, Tang, Yuan (Mongolian), and Qing (Manchu).
People's Republic of China 
 While China achieved many things in the First millennium and early 2nd millennium, it became an isolationist country in the 15th century C.E. This was because Spain found a lot of silver in the newly explored continents of North and South America.
People's Republic of China 
 Silver was the main currency (money) in China and Europe at the time, and China did not want to be bought by the foreigners.
People's Republic of China 
 Foreign traders (primarily British) had been illegally exporting opium mainly from India to China since the 18th century, but that trade grew dramatically from about 1820.
People's Republic of China 
 The resulting widespread addiction in China was causing serious social and economic disruption there.
People's Republic of China 
 The conflict was the result of years of attempts by the British to exploit China as a market for British goods.
People's Republic of China 
 Britain eventually relied on its superior military capabilities to force open the lucrative Chinese market, while imposing an illicit trade in opium on the Chinese people.
People's Republic of China 
 While China was never actually taken over by Europeans, many European countries, such as Britain and France built spheres of influence in China.
People's Republic of China 
 Since China had cut itself off from the world over the previous few centuries, by the Qing Dynasty, it had fallen behind other countries in technology, and was helpless to stop this from happening.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1912, the Qing dynasty was overthrown by the Sun Yat-sen and the Kuomintang, a nationalist party, and the Republic of China established.
People's Republic of China 
 The Chinese Civil War later started between the Kuomintang (Nationalists) of the Republic of China (ROC) and the Communists of the People's Republic of China (PRC).
People's Republic of China 
 The Communists wanted to make China like the Soviet Union, whereas the other side wanted to keep China in its current state at the time.
People's Republic of China 
 The Nationalists (led by Chiang Kai-shek) fled to the island of Taiwan and set up their new capital city in Taipei.
People's Republic of China 
 After the Chinese Civil War, the Communist leader Mao Zedong declared a new country, the People's Republic of China (PRC), in Beijing on October 1, 1949.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1927, the Chinese Civil War began as the Kuomintang, led by Chiang Kai-shek, and the Communists fought one another.
People's Republic of China 
 Amidst the turmoil brewing between the Nationalist and Communist parties who were vying for control of China at the time, Japan had launched an invasion of Manchuria in 1934 and began to creep steadily inland.
People's Republic of China 
 China, the Nationalist party in particular, owed Japan immense amounts of money, which they could not pay whilst infused in their own civil war.
People's Republic of China 
 The Treaty of Versailles promised the Japanese government land in China in return for forgiveness of their debt.
People's Republic of China 
 This ended up not being a popular sentiment and was rallied against all over the country, and most famously during the May 4th Movement in Beijing in 1919.
People's Republic of China 
 When the Chinese did not readily give up their rights to their land, Japan tried to take it by force.
People's Republic of China 
 By 1949, the Red Army of the Chinese Communist Party had gained control over mainland China and Mao Zedong announced the creation of the People's Republic of China.
People's Republic of China 
 As the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party, Mao began many social and economic reform projects with mixed results.
People's Republic of China 
 The Great Leap Forward, from 1958 to 1961, tried to industrialize China and increase its food production, but resulted in one of the largest famines in history.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1966, Mao began the Cultural Revolution to remove capitalist influences from society and government.
People's Republic of China 
 Major government officials and ordinary citizens were accused of being "revisionists" - people who disagreed with some parts of Marxism - or "counter-revolutionaries" and were persecuted.
People's Republic of China 
 During this time period, the People's Republic of China did not get along with the capitalist countries of the Western world.
People's Republic of China 
 Beginning in the 1960s, relationships between the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union also became increasingly unfriendly in the Sino-Soviet Split.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1972, to counter the power of the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai met with US President Richard Nixon in Beijing.
People's Republic of China 
 After Mao's death, there was a power struggle between the Gang of Four and Chinese Premier Hua Guofeng, the man Mao had chosen to be the next leader of China.
People's Republic of China 
 These reforms tried to make the People's Republic of China a modern, industrial - but still socialist - nation by moving towards a market system.
People's Republic of China 
 Although Deng's policy helped loosen restrictions on citizens, the People's Republic of China continues to have problems with the amount of control the government has over citizens' private lives.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1979, the one-child policy, which limits most couples to one child, was created because of the overpopulation problem in the People's Republic of China.
People's Republic of China 
 In 1989, the Chinese Communist Party used soldiers and tanks to stop a protest in Beijing's Tiananmen Square organized by students seeking political reform.
People's Republic of China 
 This action received worldwide criticism and led to economic sanctions being placed on the Chinese government.
People's Republic of China 
 The People's Republic of China is the third- or fourth-largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and (in some sources) the United States and the second-largest by land area.
People's Republic of China 
 It borders Vietnam, Laos, and Burma in Southeast Asia; India, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan in South Asia; Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia; a small section of Russian Altai and Mongolia in Inner Asia; and the Russian Far East and North Korea in Northeast Asia.
People's Republic of China 
 The country's lowest point, and the world's fourth-lowest, is the dried lake bed of Ayding Lake (−154m).
People's Republic of China 
 Among the species in the Indomalaya region are the Leopard Cat, bamboo rat, treeshrew, and various monkey and ape species.
People's Republic of China 
 Some overlap is between the two regions; deer, antelope, bears, wolves, pigs, and many rodent species can all be found in China's environments.
People's Republic of China 
 The forest have animal species such as moose and the Asian black bear, along with over 120 bird species.
People's Republic of China 
 Tropical and seasonal rainforests, though confined to Yunnan and Hainan Island, have a quarter of all the plant and animal species found in China.
People's Republic of China 
 China is a one-party state wherein the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the paramount leader.
People's Republic of China 
 The current General Secretary is Xi Jinping, who took office on 15 November 2012 and was re-elected on 25 October 2017.
People's Republic of China 
 The current president is Xi Jinping, who is also the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission, making him China's Paramount leader.
People's Republic of China 
 The Premier is the head of government, heading the State Council alongside with four vice premiers and the heads of ministries and commissions.
People's Republic of China 
 The current premier is Li Keqiang, who is also a senior member of the CCP Politburo Standing Committee, China's de facto top decision-making body.
People's Republic of China 
 The PRC Armed Forces, also known as the People's Liberation Army (PLA), is one of the most powerful armies in the world.
People's Republic of China 
 Over time some art forms have branched off, while others have retained their distinct Chinese characteristics.
People's Republic of China 
 Legendary and controversial moves like Big Mak are also praised and talked about within the culture.
People's Republic of China 
 China has many traditional festivals, such as the Chinese New Year, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and so on.
People's Republic of China 
 Weekends are moved around to make sure everyone has a week-long holiday for it, just like during the lunar new year.
People's Republic of China 
 It starts with the first day of the Chinese lunar year and ends with the full moon fifteen days later.
People's Republic of China 
 It is always in the middle of winter, but is called the Spring Festival in Chinese because Chinese seasons are a little different from English ones.
People's Republic of China 
 Because most people watch the special performances on CCTV all the night on New Year's Eve and don't go to bed until 12:00 AM, they usually get up later in the next day.
People's Republic of China 
 The fifth day of the Chinese New Year is the day to welcome the god of Wealth (Chinese:财神爷), many people make and eat dumplings (Chinese:饺子.
People's Republic of China 
 After that, they eat sweet dumpling (Chinese:汤圆,元宵), a kind of dumpling which is round and looks like the full moon.
People's Republic of China 
 Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated to commemorate the death of Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet of the State of Chu during the Warring States period.
People's Republic of China 
 He persuaded his emperor not to accept Qin's diplomats's offers several times but his emperor did not listen to him.
People's Republic of China 
 Eating rice dumplings and holding dragon boat races, became what the Chinese do in this festival nowadays.
People's Republic of China 
 Held on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival for families.
People's Republic of China 
 Now when the festival sets in, people sit together to eat moon cakes, appreciate the moon and the moon itself, celebrate the bumper harvest, and enjoy the family love and happiness.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 The main interests of PNI are the interactions between the nervous and immune systems and the relationships between mental processes and health.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Interest in the relationship between psychiatric syndromes or symptoms and immune function has been a consistent theme since the beginning of modern medicine.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 In 1865, Bernard described the perturbation of this internal state “… there are protective functions of organic elements holding living materials in reserve and maintaining without interruption humidity, heat and other conditions indispensable to vital activity.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Walter Cannon, a professor of physiology at Harvard University coined the term homeostasis in his book The Wisdom of the Body in 1932.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 In his work with animals Cannon observed that any change of emotional state in the beast, such as anxiety, distress, or rage was accompanied by total cessation of movements of the stomach (Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage, 1915).
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 These studies into the relationship between the effects of emotions and perceptions on the autonomic nervous system, the  responses that led to the freeze, fight or flight response.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 In 1975 Robert Ader and Nicholas Cohen advanced PNI with a demonstration of classic conditioning of the immune function, and coined the term "psychoneuroimmunology".
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 The highly reproducible results showed that conditioned rats exposed to the conditioned stimulus were immuno suppressed.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 This was one of the first scientific experiments that demonstrated that the nervous system can affect the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 In 1981 David Felten, then working at the Indiana University of Medicine, discovered a network of nerves leading to blood vessels as well as cells of the immune system.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 The researchers also found nerves in the thymus and spleen terminating near clusters of lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells, all of which help control immune function.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Ader, Cohen and Felten went on to edit the groundbreaking book Psychoneuroimmunology in 1981, which laid out the underlying premise that the brain and immune system represent a single, integrated system of defense.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 In one epidemiological study, for example, all-cause mortality increased in the month following a severe stressor – the death of a spouse.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Theorists propose that stressful events trigger cognitive and affective responses which, in turn, induce sympathetic nervous system and endocrine changes.
Psychoneuroimmunology 
 Potential health consequences are broad, but include rates of infection, HIV progression, and cancer incidence and progression.
Political party 
 A political party is an organized group of people or bodies who seek to capture political power through an election in order to run the affairs of a country.
Political party 
 In a dictatorship, there is generally only one party allowed, that can approve a new leader without non-members having a choice.
Political party 
 The laws written by the party or faction with the majority of votes become adopted by the country, so this means whatever party is elected to over half the seats, gets to run the government.
Political party 
 Common ideologies include environmentalism, socialism (ranging from social democracy to Marxism and Communism), conservatism, democracy, liberalism, and nationalism.
Political party 
 For example, the Nazi Party did this in Germany, and the Communist Party did it in several countries.
Political party 
 In a few other dictatorships, such as Saudi Arabia, all political parties are banned and there is no parliament at all.
Political party 
 But there are a few very small countries, such as the island of Jersey, where most politicians do not belong to any party and where parties do not matter much.
Page 
 Here the page is not paper, it is a piece of information which we can see on a computer monitor at one time.
Page 
 But the information may not fit all on one page, and we can not change it when it is printed - we can change a web page.
Page 
 To page someone is to contact that person on their pager: this is a small electronic machine which makes a sound or gives someone a message.
Page 
 This is usually to call someone for a certain reason, for example: to call them down somewhere, or to ask them for something.
Pet 
 A pet is a domesticated animal that lives with people, but is not forced to work and is not eaten, in most instances.
Pet 
 Some pets such as dogs and cats are placed in an animal shelter if there is no one willing to take care of them.
Pet 
 Dogs, cats, fish, rodents, lagomorphs, ferrets, birds, certain reptiles and amphibians, and a wide variety of arthropods such as tarantulas and hermit crabs are the most common pets in North America.
Pet 
 Some dogs also do work for people, and it was once common for some birds (like falcons and carrier pigeons) to work for humans.
Pet 
 The most common are guinea pigs, rabbits, hamsters (especially Syrian and dwarf hamsters), mice and rats.
Program 
 For example, a government might make a program to improve the health of the people in part of a country by giving the people better food, by helping to kill insects that carry diseases, and by bringing more doctors.
Program 
 an event program is a thing that lists the what will happen during an event such as an opera or auction.
Platonic realism 
 Platonic realism states that the visible world of particular things is a shifting exhibition, like shadows cast on a wall by the activities of their corresponding universal Ideas or Forms.
Platonic realism 
 Whereas the visible world of particulars is unreal, the Forms occupy the unobservable yet true reality and are real.
Platonic realism 
 Among the natural philosophers in ancient Greece, the problem of universals was the mystery of where particular things derive their traits that we perceive as universals—for instance red or apple or good or woman or truth.
Platonic realism 
 Plato explained that the particular things of the visible world are imperfect, transient copies of the universal Ideas that are the perfect, lasting Forms.
Platonic realism 
 Existing exist outside space and time, the Forms are the universals and act as templates from which particulars manifest.
Platonic realism 
 In his Metaphysics, Aristotle, a student of Plato, explained that Socrates and his own student Plato held it significant that the world is in flux, much as Heraclitus had commented, "You cannot step into the same river twice", a theme of the Eleatics, a group of pre-socratic philosophers.
Platonic realism 
 Plato considered that only the mind could access the timeless reality of truths, the realm of the Forms casting the visible world.
Platonic realism 
 Plato's metaphorical allegory of the cave—whereby humans only know reality as shadows of the real things they see interacting on a wall—suggests the practical consequences of Platonic realism as to natural philosophy in its endeavor to explain the natural world and as to values in human society.
Platonic realism 
 Plato had led the focused application of geometry, developed by Euclid, to explain the natural world.
Platonic realism 
 Yet by his view of nature, Plato regarded astronomy as similar to seeking a theoretical proof in geometry—abstract and not the real world—whereupon the mind's insights derived from a quest to hold other truths through the mind's probing of ethics and aesthetics would yield discovery of truths within the realm of Forms, outside space and time.
Platonic realism 
 Aristotle explained that universals are concepts corresponding to traits borne and shared by the particular things themselves.
Platonic realism 
 Aristotle did not regard all reality as visible, as he recognized existence of souls, yet regarded souls as unobserved parts of the visible world, real in itself.
Platonic realism 
 Aristotle developed a more or less full description and explanation of the natural world and developed logic—syllogistic logic—to derive conclusions of the relations among things.
Platonic realism 
 Aristotle's grounding in the visible world was a metaphysical approach that suggested what evolved by some 2 000 years later into empirical science.
Platonic realism 
 Yet today's Platonists usually view entities within the visible world as real, and simply regard universal abstractions like numbers, sets, propositions, and geometry as corresponding to real and timeless entities that also exist, though pure Platonists regard only the Forms or their realm as real.
Platonic realism 
 By way of string theory and the holographic principle, some physicists conjecture that Plato's allegory of the cave approximates the natural world's structure.
Platonic realism 
 Tegmark, who regards only the mathematical structure of the universe as real, has been called a radical Platonist.
Paradox 
 Only a cabal can know if there is no cabal, so this is either a guess, or, it is a cabal trying to pretend it does not exist.
Paradox 
 Not all paradoxes are true logical paradoxes, since they can also be common-sense-defying statements that appear true.
Paradox 
 Assuming power over others may sometimes be required to protect them while diminishing their right to autonomy.
Potato 
 In the 1780s the farmers in Ireland began growing potatoes because they grew well in the poor soils.
Potato 
 The Royal Spanish Academy says the Spanish word is a hybrid of the Taíno  ('sweet potato')  and the Quechua  ('potato').
Potato 
 Scientists in Germany have used genetic engineering to make a potato called the Amflora, which could be grown to make starch for making other things in factories.
Potato 
 Potato chips, often called crisps, are potatoes cut into very thin round pieces and fried until they are hard.
Potato 
 William Shakespeare wrote that the potato was an aphrodisiac, but there is no evidence to show this is true.
Plant 
 Plants include familiar types such as trees, herbs, bushes, grasses, vines, ferns, mosses, and green algae.
Plant 
 The scientific study of plants, known as botany, has identified about 350,000 extant (living) species of plants.
Plant 
 Leaves of plants vary in shape and size, but they are always the plant organ best suited to capture solar energy.
Plant 
 Once the food is made in the leaf, it is transported to the other parts of the plant such as stems and roots.