the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Hirohito 
 Hirohito was the emperor of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War  which became World War 2 (1931 to 1945).
Hirohito 
 Though he was supposed to be an absolute monarch (an emperor who can make all the laws and rules), most of the power in the Japanese Government during this time was held by Japan's Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō and the military.
Hirohito 
 World leaders attending the funeral included U.S. President George H. W. Bush, French President François Mitterrand, and the Duke of Edinburgh.
Hirohito 
 In an overview of writings by and about Hirohito, OCLC/WorldCat includes roughly 900+ works in 1,500 publications in 15 languages and 31,000 library holdings .
Hirohito 
 1967 – A Review of the Hydroids of the Family Clathrozonidae with Description of a New Genus and Species from Japan.
Human evolution 
 All humans belong to the same species, Homo sapiens, which appeared first in Africa but has spread to almost all parts of the world.
Human evolution 
 For this reason, during the 18th century, Buffon and Linnaeus put men and apes together in a single family.
Human evolution 
 In the 19th century, Charles Darwin suggested that animals have very similar anatomies when they share a common ancestor.
Human evolution 
 It is thought that human evolution started when a group of apes (now called the australopithecines) began to live more in the savannah.
Human evolution 
 We have fossils of two or three different groups of walking apes, and one was the ancestor of humans.
Human evolution 
 By 1859, zoologists had known for a long time that humans are, in their anatomy, similar to the great apes.
Human evolution 
 The idea that species are caused by evolution had been proposed before Darwin, but his book gave much evidence, and many were persuaded by it.
Human evolution 
 In this book, Darwin wrote about the idea of evolution in general, rather than the evolution of humans.
Human evolution 
 Huxley convincingly showed many of the similarities and differences between humans and apes in his 1863 book Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature.
Human evolution 
 When Darwin published his own book on the subject, The Descent of Man, and selection in relation to sex, the idea of human evolution was already well-known.
Human evolution 
 Even some of Darwin's supporters (such as Alfred Russel Wallace and Charles Lyell) did not like the idea that human beings have evolved their impressive mental capacities and moral sensibilities through natural selection.
Human evolution 
 In the 19th century, they speculated that the closest living relatives of humans were either chimpanzees or gorillas.
Human evolution 
 Biologists believed that humans share a common ancestor with other African great apes and that fossils of these ancestors would be found in Africa, which they have been.
Human evolution 
 It is now accepted by virtually all biologists that humans are not only similar to the great apes, but actually are great apes.
Human evolution 
 The issue was confirmed by late 20th century studies on the sequences of proteins and genes in apes and man.
Human evolution 
 This is a much closer relationship than with any other type of animal, and fully supports the ideas put forward in the 19th century by Darwin and Huxley.
Human evolution 
 "Currently available genetic and archaeological evidence is generally interpreted as supportive of a recent single origin of modern humans in East Africa.
Human evolution 
 However, this is where the near consensus on human settlement history ends, and considerable uncertainty clouds any more detailed aspect of human colonization history".
Human evolution 
 Five digits on the fore and hind limbs with opposable thumbs and big toes; hands can grasp, and usually big toes as well.
Human evolution 
 A trend towards a reduced snout and flattened face, attributed to a reliance on vision at the expense of smell.
Human evolution 
 This usually comes about because parasites evolve with their hosts, and when host populations split, their parasites split also.
Human evolution 
 The most serious type, P. falciparum, which kills many millions of people each year, originated in gorillas.
Human evolution 
 The relevance of this to evolution is that our physiology is so close to the apes that their parasites were able to transfer to humans with great success.
Human evolution 
 Humans have much less resistance to these parasites, which are ancient in origin, but comparatively new to our species.
Human evolution 
 The specimen was called the Taung Child, an australopithecine infant discovered in a cave deposit being mined for concrete at Taung, South Africa.
Human evolution 
 The remains were a remarkably well-preserved tiny skull and a cast of the inside of the individual's skull.
Human evolution 
 Although the brain was small (410 cm³), its shape was rounded, unlike that of chimpanzees and gorillas, and more like a modern human brain.
Human evolution 
 Also, the specimen had short canine teeth, and the position of the foramen magnum was evidence of bipedal locomotion.
Human evolution 
 All of these traits convinced Dart that the Taung baby was a bipedal human ancestor, a transitional form between apes and humans.
Human evolution 
 The most common view of the time was that a large brain evolved before bipedality, the ability to walk on two feet more or less upright.
Human evolution 
 The australopithecines are now thought to be immediate ancestors of the genus Homo, the group to which modern humans belong.
Human evolution 
 Both australopithecines and Homo sapiens are part of the tribe Hominini, but recent data has brought into doubt the position of A. africanus as a direct ancestor of modern humans; it may well have been a cousin.
Human evolution 
 The robust variety of Australopithecus has since been reclassified as Paranthropus, although it is still regarded as a subgenus of Australopithecus by some authors.
Human evolution 
 A consensus on which should count as separate species and which as subspecies has not been reached yet.
Human evolution 
 In some cases this is because there are very few fossils, in other cases it is due to the slight differences used to classify species in the Homo genus.
Human evolution 
 The whole genus is characterised by its use of stone tools, initially crude, and becoming ever more sophisticated.
Human evolution 
 So much so that in archaeology and anthropology the Pleistocene is usually referred to as the Palaeolithic, or the Stone Age.
Human evolution 
 It is from Georgia and may be an intermediate form between H. habilis and H. erectus, or a sub-species of H. erectus.
Human evolution 
 The discoverer, Eugene Dubois originally called it Pithecanthropus erectus based on its morphology that he considered to be intermediate between that of humans and apes.
Human evolution 
 The earlier specimens (from 1.8 to 1.2 million years ago) are sometimes seen as a different species, or a subspecies.
Human evolution 
 In the early Pleistocene, 1.5–1 mya, in Africa, Asia, and Europe, presumably, some populations of  Homo habilis evolved larger brains and made more elaborate stone tools; these differences and others are sufficient for anthropologists to classify them as a new species, H. erectus.
Human evolution 
 This was made possible by the evolution of locking knees and a different location of the foramen magnum (the hole in the skull where the spine enters).
Human evolution 
 A famous example of Homo erectus is Peking Man; others were found in Asia (notably in Indonesia), Africa, and Europe.
Human evolution 
 Many paleoanthropologists are now using the term Homo ergaster for the non-Asian forms of this group.
Human evolution 
 They reserve H. erectus only for those fossils found in the Asian region that meet certain requirements (as to skeleton and skull) which differ slightly from ergaster.
Human evolution 
 Neanderthal man Homo neaderthalensis (usually called Neanderthal man) lived from about 250,000 to about 30,000 years ago.
Human evolution 
 Also, less usual, as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis: there is still some discussion if it was a separate species Homo neanderthalensis, or a subspecies of H. sapiens.
Human evolution 
 While the debate remains unsettled, evidence from mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal DNA sequencing indicates that little or no gene flow occurred between H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens, and, therefore, the two were separate species.
Human evolution 
 In 1997, Dr. Mark Stoneking, then an associate professor of anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, stated:
Human evolution 
 "These results [based on mitochondrial DNA extracted from Neanderthal bone] indicate that Neanderthals did not contribute mitochondrial DNA to modern humans… Neanderthals are not our ancestors".
Human evolution 
 It dates to about 40,000 years ago, at a time when Neanderthals and modern man were living in the area.
Human evolution 
 German researchers found its mitochondrial DNA did not match either that of our species or that of Neanderthals.
Human evolution 
 The degree of difference in the DNA suggests this species split off from our family tree about a million years ago, well before the split between our species and Neanderthals.
Human evolution 
 Homo floresiensis Homo floresiensis, which lived about 100,000–12,000 years ago has been nicknamed hobbit for its small size.
Human evolution 
 Its size may be a result of island dwarfism, the tendency for large mammals to evolve smaller forms on islands.
Human evolution 
 It is a concrete example of a recent species of the genus Homo that shows derived traits not shared with modern humans.
Human evolution 
 In other words, H. floresiensis share a common ancestor with modern humans, but split from the modern human lineage and followed a different evolutionary path.
Human evolution 
 The living woman was estimated to be one meter in height, with a brain volume of just 380 cm3 This is small for a chimpanzee and less than a third of the H. sapiens average of 1400 cm3.
Human evolution 
 Some scientists believe that H. floresiensis was a modern H. sapiens suffering from pathological dwarfism.
Human evolution 
 One line of attack on H. floresiensis is that it was found with tools only associated with H. sapiens.
Human evolution 
 These artifacts are proxies; which means there were no skeletons of humans, but only a species of Homo could have made them.
Human evolution 
 The artifacts are flakes and other implements, 48 in all, some of which show signs of being worked to produce a cutting edge.
Human evolution 
 This means that humans were present on Flores by that date, but it does not tell us which species that was.
Human evolution 
 Between 400,000 years ago and the second warm period in the Middle Pleistocene, around 250,000 years ago, its skull grew and more sophisticated technologies based on stone tools developed.
Human evolution 
 Studies of the human genome, especially the Y-chromosome DNA and mitochondrial DNA, have supported a recent African origin.
Human evolution 
 The details of this great saga are not fully established yet, but by about 90,000 years ago they had moved into Eurasia and the Middle East.
Human evolution 
 This was the area where Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, had been living for a long time (at least 500,000 years in western Europe).
Human evolution 
 At roughly the same time Homo sapiens arrived in Australia (However a recent archaeological dig in Kakadu, Northern Territory, may suggest Homo sapiens arrived in Australia 65,000 years ago).
Human evolution 
 Distinctive genetic have arisen as a result of small groups of people moving into new environmental circumstances.
Human evolution 
 These adapted traits are a very small component of the Homo sapiens genome and include such outward 'racial' characteristics as skin color and nose shape, and internal characteristics such as the ability to breathe more efficiently at high altitudes.
Human evolution 
 Sahelanthropus Sahelanthropus tchadensis Orrorin Orrorin tugenensis Ardipithecus Ardipithecus kadabba Ardipithecus ramidus Australopithecus Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus africanus Australopithecus garhi Paranthropus Paranthropus aethiopicus Paranthropus boisei Paranthropus robustus Kenyanthropus Kenyanthropus platyops Homo Homo habilis Homo rudolfensis Homo ergaster Homo georgicus Homo erectus Homo cepranensis Homo antecessor Homo heidelbergensis Homo rhodesiensis Homo neanderthalensis Homo sapiens idaltu Homo sapiens (Cro-magnon)
Ancient Rome 
 Ancient Rome was a civilization that started in the city of Rome and the land of Latium on the Italian Peninsula.
Ancient Rome 
 Roman civilization was the most important civilization in the Mediterranean region, Europe, and the Near East from the late 3rd century BC.
Ancient Rome 
 Roman civilization was in existence all through Classical Antiquity, Late Antiquity, and the Middle Ages, but "ancient Rome" means the ancient history of Roman civilization before the Middle Ages.
Ancient Rome 
 Traditionally, the fall of the western Roman Empire during the 5th century AD is named the start of the Middle Ages in western Europe.
Ancient Rome 
 In Classical Antiquity, the Roman Empire controlled a very large area of land, which stretched from Great Britain to the Arabian Peninsula.
Ancient Rome 
 Ancient Rome has been very important to the history of Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia, where the Romans controlled many lands.
Ancient Rome 
 Ancient Rome's culture took many ideas from other civilizations, especially Ancient Greece and the Greek kingdoms of the Hellenistic period.
Ancient Rome 
 The Romans' Latin language became the most common language in the western Mediterranean and western Europe, and is the ancestor of Romance languages.
Ancient Rome 
 The Roman emperors were responsible for making Christianity the Romans' state religion, and the Romans spread Christianity across the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity.
Ancient Rome 
 It became a city and a state and had the , which Roman mythology said came from their first king, Romulus.
Ancient Rome 
 Rome was first a kingdom, but its last king, Tarquinius Superbus, was sent away in a revolution started by Lucius Junius Brutus.
Ancient Rome 
 The city-state grew to control the Italian Peninsula during the Hellenistic period, and fought the Punic Wars with the Carthaginian Republic.
Ancient Rome 
 After overcoming the Carthaginians, the Roman Republic became the most powerful state in the western Mediterranean.
Ancient Rome 
 The Romans became the most powerful state in the eastern Mediterranean after wars with Macedonia, and the Mithridatic Wars with Kingdom of Pontus.
Ancient Rome 
 The Hellenistic period and the Roman Republic ended when, after Julius Caesar was assassinated, the Romans fought a long civil war.
Ancient Rome 
 At the end of these wars, Augustus overcame his Roman enemies and the Ptolemaic dynasty, who controlled the kingdom of Egypt.
Ancient Rome 
 Augustus became the first Roman emperor and Roman civilization controlled all the lands around the Mediterranean Sea.
Ancient Rome 
 From Diocletian's time there was usually more than one emperor at a time, each controlling a part of the empire.
Ancient Rome 
 After Romulus Augustulus there were no more emperors in the western empire, and the government of the western Roman Empire ended in 476 AD.
Ancient Rome 
 After that, the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages is sometimes named the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire.
Ancient Rome 
 Historians use this name because the Romans' capital city was Constantinople (also called Byzantium), and its emperors controlled the eastern half of the Mediterranean Basin.
Ancient Rome 
 The Roman Empire was in existence until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when it was defeated by the Ottoman Empire.
Ancient Rome 
 For example, Roman ideas about laws, government, art, literature, and language are important to European culture.
Ancient Rome 
 The Roman language, Latin, slowly evolved, becoming modern French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and many other languages.
Ancient Rome 
 The three were Jupiter (the father and king of the gods), Juno (the queen of the gods), and Minerva (the goddess of wisdom).
Ancient Rome 
 Roman mythology said that among the Romans' ancestors were Venus (goddess of love) and Mars (a god of war and the son of Jupiter and Juno).
Ancient Rome 
 The gods Apollo and Bacchus were taken by the Romans from Greek mythology, and many of the Romans' religious practices were the same as those of the ancient Greeks.
Ancient Rome 
 The Romans also worshipped the goddesses Cybele and Isis, whose cults they took from Hellenistic Anatolia and Egypt.
Ancient Rome 
 Romans tried to please the gods by giving food or other gifts to the gods and to other deities, including the souls of dead people.
Ancient Rome 
 With sacrifices like this, the Romans hoped to avoid bad luck and bring good luck, such as fertility and a successful harvest, or victory in war.
Ancient Rome 
 These images were usually statues, and the Romans would offer sacrifices by burning food or frankincense.
Ancient Rome 
 The Romans also did ritual purification, to avoid bad luck and to avoid offending the gods and spirits.
Ancient Rome 
 Judaism was common in the ancient Roman world, and there was a Jewish diaspora in many cities, like Rome, from the Hellenistic period.
Ancient Rome 
 Christianity became an officially supported religion in the Roman Empire under Constantine I. With the signing of the Edict of Milan by Licinius and Constantine in 313, it became the most powerful religion, and the Christian Church began the persecution of Christians with whom the official ("orthodox" and "catholic") disagreed.
Ancient Rome 
 Starting in the 5th century, non-Christian religions' property was taken away, and many Roman temples were made into churches.
Ancient Rome 
 The Byzantines were threatened by the rise of Islam, whose followers took over the territories of Syria, Armenia and Egypt and soon threatened to take over Constantinople.
Ancient Rome 
 The Byzantines survived during the 8th century and, beginning in the 9th century, took back parts of the conquered lands.
Ancient Rome 
 After centuries of fighting and Turkic invasions, Emperor Alexius I Comnenus called for help from the West in 1095.
Ancient Rome 
 The West responded with the Crusades, eventually resulting in the Fourth Crusade which conquered Constantinople in 1204.
Ancient Rome 
 After the recapture of Constantinople by the Romans, the empire was little more than a Greek-speaking state confined to the coast of the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
Globalization 
 Globalization is the connection of different parts of the world resulting in the expansion of international cultural, economic, and political activities.
Globalization 
 There are advantages and disadvantages to globalization, all of which have economic, social, political, and cultural impacts.
Globalization 
 Globalization describes mainly trade practices, extending also to the communication patterns and cultural system that underlie these practices.
Globalization 
 It is a term which may be used broadly to mean doing things as distant people do them, or more narrowly to mean complying to global standards in economy, politics, culture, education, environment or other matters.
Globalization 
 Economic globalization is how countries are coming together as one big global economy, This is all making international trade easier.
Globalization 
 In the late 20th century, many people agreed to lower tariffs, or taxes on goods that are imported from other countries.
Globalization 
 Telegraphy and bull other communication technologies have helped people to buy and sell products from around the world, thus bringing globalization.
Globalization 
 Herman E. Daly has said that there is an important difference between internationalization and globalization.
Globalization 
 The United Nations are an example of globalization because most countries of the world are members of its General Assembly.
Globalization 
 This international organization can make countries follow rules and apply economic sanctions to a country that doesn't.
Globalization 
 This means the countries in the U.N will punish them by not talking or trading with them, so they don't benefit from globalization.
Globalization 
 Cultural globalization is how culture is becoming homogeneous, which means that people from all over the world act in similar way.
Globalization 
 For example, many people around the world write with the Latin alphabet, wear T-shirts and jeans and watch Hollywood movies and other media.
Globalization 
 Some people, like Noam Chomsky, do not like globalization because they feel it only helps rich people get richer by making poor people poorer.
Globalization 
 Offshore outsourcing, such as a company hiring workers in a developing country, is often a part of globalization.
Globalization 
 Joseph Stiglitz said that international groups like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have made it harder for poorer nations to get richer.
Globalization 
 For example, the Great Depression of the 1930s started in the United States but affected the entire world.
Globalization 
 Many countries also dislike it when international organizations such as the United Nations tell them what to do.
Globalization 
 Many people also criticize the fact that globalization means that fewer people are deciding what  brands, like Coca-Cola and McDonald's, taking over smaller, local shops and businesses.
Globalization 
 For example, the United States is the biggest cultural exporter, which means that countries around the world are becoming like the United States.
Globalization 
 Jean Baudrillard believes that globalization hurts local cultures and is the cause of most terrorism.
Globalization 
 Gregory Meyjes interprets globalization as a largely hegemonic, unequal process of socio-cultural imposition.
Globalization 
 Questioning the various processes (economic, political, cultural) by which globalization or globalisation has favored rapid Anglo-cultural dominance over a more gradual, egalitarian evolution towards an inclusive world civilization, Meyjes argues for cultural policies that support "ecological" relations between local ethnocultural traditions, by protecting cultural specificity in the short term and allow as many cultural groups as possible to organically contribute to the whole.
Globalization 
 At the global level, Meyjes therefore proposes the term universalization or universalisation to denote a process of (largely) non-imposed socio-cultural exchange between state-level and sub-state-level groups and "nations" – i.e. a transnational process that informs the gradual emergence of a universal civilization.
Globalization 
 Others, like Thomas Friedman, believe that globalization can bring people together and make everyone richer without getting rid of local cultures.
Globalization 
 People who support globalization also believe that it makes war less likely because it is bad for business.
Globalization 
 Francis Fukuyama also argued that globalization would eventually lead to a system of world governance which would cause wars to end.
Globalization 
 A report by the World Bank said that poverty in India and Indonesia was cut in half because of globalization.
Globalization 
 The report also said that people in poorer nations are living longer and better because they were making more money.
Folk music 
 It is traditional music that people learn by listening to other people playing it and then copying them.
Folk music 
 We say that the tradition is “orally transmitted” or “handed down orally”, meaning that the music is not written down but taught by speaking (“oral” means “belonging to the mouth”).
Folk music 
 In the 1960s a new type of music was started by Bob Dylan who mixed traditional folk song with rock and roll.
Folk music 
 In this way it is different from classical music which is mainly developed by professional musicians for a smaller group of people.
Folk music 
 Folk music is part of a popular culture, although the term “popular music” or “pop music” today refers to a kind of music which people can hear through television, radio and other means of recording.