the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Herbivore 
 The existence of herbivores can increase plant diversity by reducing the abundance of dominant species, redundant resources can then be used by subordinate species.
Herbivore 
 Therefore, in a highly productive system, direct consumption of dominant plants could indirectly benefit those herbivory-resistant and unpalatable species.
Herbivore 
 But the less productive system can support limited herbivores because of lack of nutrients and water.
Herbivore 
 Herbivory boosts the abundance of most tolerant species and decreases the less-tolerant species’ existence which accelerates the plant extinction.
Herbivore 
 Especially large herbivores can enhance the bio-diversity by selectively excluding tall, dominant plant species, and increase light availability.
Herbivore 
 Body size of herbivores is a key reason underlying the interaction between herbivores and plant diversity, and the body size explains many of the phenomena connected to herbivore-plant interaction.
Herbivore 
 Intermediate-sized herbivores mostly increase plant diversity by consuming or influencing the dominant plant species, such as herbivore birds, that can directly use dominant plant species.
Herbivore 
 And the adaptation of plant species to avoid predators can also adjust the vegetation structure and increase diversity.
Herbivore 
 Besides, their urine position also adjusts the local plant distribution, and prevent light competition.
Herbivore 
 But varies according to different environmental factors, multiple factors combined together to affect how herbivores influence plant diversity.
Hindi 
 It has taken words from the Dravidian languages of South India, as well as the Arabic, Persian, Chagatai, English and Portuguese languages.
Hindi 
 However, to this day, both languages are mutually intelligible, meaning their speakers can understand each other without knowing the other language.
Hindi 
 Dialects of Hindi include: Avadhi, Braj, Bhojpuri, Bundeli, Bagheli, Chhattisgarhi, Dogri and Marwari.
1870 
 June 13  Sophia of Prussia Queen of Greece Grand Daughter of Queen Victoria and sister of Kaiser William II of Germany and mother of future 3 kings George II Alexander I Paul I  ( died  1932
1870 
 July 29 – George Dixon, Black Canadian boxer, first Black world boxing champion in any weight class.
1871 
 March 22 – In North Carolina, William Holden is the first American governor (leader of a U.S. state) to be impeached (removed from office)
1871 
 January 17 – David Earl Betty of the North Sea and of Brooksby, British admiral (navy leader) (d. 1936)
1871 
 July 23 – Tsunesaburō Makiguchi (Japanese old Lunar calendar 6 June was an incorrect date using in Gregorian calendar), First president of Soka Gakkai International (SGI) (d. 1944).
1871 
 Richard Turner, Canadian soldier with the Royal Canadian Dragoons, who got the Victoria Cross for bravery during the Second Boer War.
1871 
 September 23 – Louis-Joseph Papineau, aged 85, Canadian politician and leader of the Patriotes Rebellion.
1941 
 January 6 – Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivers his Four Freedoms Speech in the State of the Union Address.
1941 
 January 23 – Charles Lindbergh testifies before the United States Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.
1945 
 Medicine – Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, Sir Howard Walter Florey, shared for their work on penicillin
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Ludwig van Beethoven (baptized 17 December 1770 in Bonn – 26 March 1827 in Vienna; pronounced LUD-vig vahn BAY-TOH-ven) was a German composer.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 His best-known works are his third (Eroica), fifth, sixth (Pastorale) and ninth (Choral) symphonies, the eighth (Pathetique) and fourteenth (Moonlight) piano sonatas, two of his later piano concertos, his opera Fidelio, and also the piano piece Für Elise.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven lived when the piano was still a new instrument, and when he was a young man, he was a talented pianist.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven's parents were Johann van Beethoven (1740 in Bonn – December 18, 1792) and Maria Magdalena Keverich (1744 in Ehrenbreitstein – July 17, 1787).
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Magdalena's father, Johann Heinrich Keverich, had been Chief at the court of the Archbishopric of Trier at Festung Ehrenbreitstein fortress opposite to Koblenz.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven was a child prodigy like Mozart, but while Mozart as a little boy was taken all over Europe by his father, Beethoven never traveled until he was 17.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 By that time, his piano teacher was a man called Neefe who had learned the piano from Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, the son of Johann Sebastian Bach.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Neefe said to the Elector that the young Beethoven should be given the chance to travel, so he was allowed to go to Vienna.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 There, he might have had one or two lessons from Mozart, but then Beethoven got a letter saying that his mother was dying, so he hurried back to Bonn.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Soon his mother died, and Beethoven had to help to look after the family because his father had become an alcoholic.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven played the viola in the orchestra of the Elector, he started to compose, and made many friends.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Some of these friends were musicians and others were very important people, many of them were aristocrats who would be able to help him in his career.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He would have loved to have had some more composition lessons from Mozart, but Mozart had just died, so he had lessons from Haydn instead.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven wanted to become famous as a pianist and composer, so he started to get to know important, aristocratic people.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Some of these people had already heard him in Bonn when they had traveled there, so his name was becoming known in Vienna.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 There were a lot of aristocratic people in Vienna who liked music, and many had their own private orchestras.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Some of them started to give Beethoven places to live when the Elector of Bonn stopped sending him money in 1794.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Haydn had heard them at a private concert a year before and had advised Beethoven not to publish the third one.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 His opus 2 was a group of three piano sonatas which he played at the court of his friend Prince Lichnowsky.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He was, perhaps, a little jealous of the success that Haydn had with his latest symphonies he had written for London.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 And when he asked for Giulietta's marriage, her parents refused and married her to another 20-year-old man instead.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 But when Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804, Beethoven began to think that he was just a tyrant who wanted a lot of power.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven stayed in Vienna that year, working hard at an opera and giving piano lessons to Josephine von Brunsvik to whom he wrote passionate letters.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 It is impossible to know quite what her feelings were for Beethoven, but socially she belonged in higher society and probably thought that a wild musician was not a suitable husband.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 The overture that he had written for the 1806 performance is now known as Leonore 3 and is usually performed separately at concerts.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 The opera is a “rescue” opera, a typical French kind of opera describing a man who is imprisoned and rescued by his lover who disguises herself as a man and manages to get into the prison.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven continued to write compositions: a Violin Concerto, symphonies, piano concertos, string quartets and chamber music.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He earned money by pleasing the aristocrats, dedicating works to them in return for fees, and by selling his music to publishers.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He was not able to get this, but in 1809 three rich aristocrats: the Archduke Rodolph, Prince Lobkowitz and Prince Kinsky gave him an income for the rest of his life on condition that he stayed in Vienna.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Goethe later described Beethoven as a rather wild-mannered man who made life difficult for himself by his cross attitude to the world.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 In a letter dated June 29, 1801, Beethoven told a friend in Bonn about a terrible secret he had for some time.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Just at the moment when he was starting to become known as one of the greatest of all composers, it was a terrible blow to realize that he was losing his hearing.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 In 1802, he stayed for a time in Heiligenstadt which is now a suburb of Vienna but at that time it was outside the city.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He said that he had often thought of suicide, but that he had so much music in his head which had to be written down that he decided to continue his life.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 The Viennese people thought of him as the greatest living composer, and he was often invited by royal people to their palaces.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 The boy’s mother may have been incapable of looking after him, but Beethoven had to prove this in a court of law.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 For several years he looked after his nephew, but it was a difficult relationship and it involved a lot of legal letters and quarrels with people.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Then, in 1817, he recovered and wrote his last two symphonies, a mass called Missa Solemnis, his last five piano sonatas, and a group of string quartets which were so modern and difficult that very few people at the time understood the music.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 His Ninth Symphony is called the Choral Symphony because there is a choir and soloists in the last movement.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 At the time people did not understand this either, because a symphony is normally a work for orchestra, not a work with singers.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Beethoven chose the words of a poem by the German poet Friedrich Schiller: An die Freude (Ode to Joy).
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 It is all about living together in peace and harmony, so that it sends an important message to people.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 After the scherzo movement the audience applauded enthusiastically, but Beethoven could not hear the applause and one of the singers had to turn him round so that he could see that people were clapping.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 In 1888 Beethoven’s and Schubert’s remains were moved to another cemetery in Vienna and were placed side by side.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Regarding the instruments, that the composer was using throughout his life, there was a variety of pianos (fortepianos).
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 After the composer's death, it was sold to Wimmer family and now is displayed at the Beethovenhaus in Bonn.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 Of course, these changes in style are not sudden, but they are quite a good way of understanding the different periods of his composing life.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 His first period includes the works he wrote in his youth in Bonn, and his early days in Vienna up to about 1803.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He had a wild personality and this was something that the Romantics in the 19th century always expected from great artists.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 The Romantics thought that the artist was somehow a person with exaggerated qualities who was not like normal people.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 He lived in the time of the French Revolution and had strong views on independence and ways of living free from tyranny.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 His music was so famous that many composers in the 19th century found it quite hard to compose because they thought they would be compared to him.
Ludwig van Beethoven 
 It was only towards the end of the 19th century that Gustav Mahler wrote several symphonies which include singing, although he does this very differently to Beethoven.
Roald Amundsen 
 He led the first expedition to reach the South Pole and the first that could prove it made it to the North Pole.
Roald Amundsen 
 This was the first expedition to stay over winter at Antartica, since their ship got stuck in the ice preventing them from leaving.
Roald Amundsen 
 In October 1911, he began his expedition to Antarctica with four other men in attempt to be the first man to reach the South Pole.
Roald Amundsen 
 Robert Falcon Scott, an explorer from Britain, arrived in Antarctica with his own team only days after Amundsen.
Roald Amundsen 
 Both explorers raced to the South Pole, but Amundsen and his men used skis and dog sleds for transportation.
Christopher Columbus 
 He is credited with the discovery of the New World because his voyage started the era of European colonialism in the Americas.
Christopher Columbus 
 While Leif Erikson was the first European to land on the soils of America it was not well documented and did not lead to the later contact between Europe and the New World.
Christopher Columbus 
 When the Spanish learned that Columbus had found a New World, many other people, called conquistadors, went there too.
Christopher Columbus 
 Columbus discovered America in the sense that he was the first person to create repeated exploration and contact with the New World.
Christopher Columbus 
 Another point is that Native Americans had been living there for thousands of years before he arrived.
Christopher Columbus 
 The indigenous people of the Caribbean … migrated from Central America some six thousand years ago."
Christopher Columbus 
 However, Native Americans did not record or contribute to the European record of history for obvious reasons.
Christopher Columbus 
 He did not know about the Western Hemisphere, so he did not realize it would block him from getting to Asia.
Christopher Columbus 
 After defeating the Emirate of Granada, the rulers of Spain, Ferdinand II and Isabella I of Castile, agreed to pay for the voyage.
Christopher Columbus 
 In August 1492, Columbus and his sailors left Spain in three ships: the Santa María (the Holy Mary), the Pinta (the Painted), and the Santa Clara (nicknamed the Niña: the Little Girl).
Christopher Columbus 
 Historians think that the largest ship, the Santa María, was only about  long, and about 16 to 19 feet (4.8 to 5.8 metres) wide.
Christopher Columbus 
 On October 12, 1492, after sailing for about four months, Columbus landed on a small island in the Bahamas.
Christopher Columbus 
 Not knowing where he was, and thinking that he had reached Asia, the "Indies," he called them "Indians."
Christopher Columbus 
 On September 24, 1493, Columbus left Spain with enough ships, supplies, and men to invade and make Spanish colonies in the New World.
Christopher Columbus 
 He also sailed around most of Hispaniola and explored the sides of Jamaica and Cuba he had not seen on his first voyage.
Christopher Columbus 
 While Columbus was away from Navidad exploring Jamaica and Cuba, his soldiers stopped working on building a new fort and farms.
Christopher Columbus 
 However, Spain had many weapons that the Arawaks had never seen, including steel swords, pikes, crossbows, dogs, and horses.
Christopher Columbus 
 If a person did not do this, Columbus's men would cut off their hands, and they would bleed to death.
Christopher Columbus 
 Columbus also led his soldiers to many different villages in Hispaniola to take them over and make them pay him gold also.
Christopher Columbus 
 Bartolomé de las Casas said that the Spanish killed two out of every three native people in the area (though he may have been exaggerating).
Christopher Columbus 
 Only 500 could fit on Columbus's ships, so Columbus told his men they could take any of the rest as slaves.
Christopher Columbus 
 This was the first time people had ever been shipped across the Atlantic Ocean to be sold as slaves.
Christopher Columbus 
 King John II of Portugal had said there was a continent to the south-west of the Cape Verde islands.
Christopher Columbus 
 Before the voyage, Queen Isabella reminded Columbus that he should treat all of the native people well and make them into Christians.
Christopher Columbus 
 He led another three ships: first to two Portuguese islands, then to the Canary Islands, then Cape Verde.
Christopher Columbus 
 When he arrived in 1500, the first thing he did was to have Columbus arrested and sent back to Spain in chains.
Christopher Columbus 
 When he was trying to make Spanish settlers happy, Columbus started the Encomienda system in Hispaniola.
Christopher Columbus 
 Under this system, Columbus would give a piece of land in Hispaniola to an individual Spanish settler.
Christopher Columbus 
 On August 23, 1500 Columbus was arrested in Hispañola, now called Santo Domingo, for cruelty to natives and Spaniards.
Christopher Columbus 
 First, he believed he could find a shorter and easier route to Asia, which made things Europe did not.
Christopher Columbus 
 In his letter to Spain's King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, Columbus wrote: “Gold is most excellent; gold is treasure, and [the person] who [has] it does all he wishes to in this world."
Christopher Columbus 
 Many historians believe that Columbus wanted to become a powerful person  and in order to become powerful, he needed to find gold.
Christopher Columbus 
 The Spanish conquistadors first settled on the islands of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti), Cuba, and Puerto Rico.
Christopher Columbus 
 In the United States, Columbus Day is a holiday that celebrates Columbus's arrival in the New World on October 12, 1492.
Christopher Columbus 
 The World's Columbian Exposition, which happened in 1893 in Chicago, Illinois, was held to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Columbus visiting the Americas.
GNU General Public License 
 This license lets the user of the software use a program in many of the same ways as if it were public domain.
GNU General Public License 
 The current version is version 3, created in 2007, although some software still uses version 2, created in 1991.
GNU General Public License 
 A copy of the source code or written instructions about how to get a copy must be included with the software.
GNU General Public License 
 If the software is able to be downloaded from the internet, the source code must also be available for downloading.
GNU General Public License 
 They can use it and make copies or changes to it for themselves, but they cannot give it away or sell it.
Triangle (disambiguation) 
 In geometry, a triangle is the flat shape formed by joining three points (not in a straight line) with straight line segments.
Meat 
 Types of meat include beef and veal from cattle, pork, ham and bacon from pigs, mutton from sheep, venison from deer, fish, insects, and poultry from chickens, ducks and turkeys.
Meat 
 The word meat is also used for sausages and for non-muscle organs which are used for food, for example liver, brain, and kidneys.
Meat 
 In the meat processing industry, (in some countries) the word "meat" is to mean only the flesh of mammalian species such as pigs, cattle, etc.
Meat 
 People who cannot afford meat, or who do not like to eat it need to find other ways to get enough protein in their diet.
Meat 
 Beans and certain nuts are also high in protein, but plant protein might not be as easy to absorb as animal protein.
Meat 
 People that choose not to eat meat are called vegetarians, and those who do not eat any animal products are known as vegans.
Meat 
 Red meat is darker-coloured meat (usually form mammals), different from white meat such as chicken or fish.
Meat 
 There is a greater risk of diseases and parasites when eating raw meat, but there are some special dishes which are made from raw meat.
Meat 
 Due to religious dietary law, halal (حلال) meaning permissible in Arabic is used as a visual marker for Muslims on shops and on products.
Anders Celsius 
 He is more famous for developing the Celsius temperature scale when he worked on meteorology (a science about weather conditions).
Anders Celsius 
 One of his good friends Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the Fahrenheit scale for the thermometer.
Tuvalu 
 If the sea level keeps rising at the same rate, this country will be covered by water in about 50 years.
Tuvalu 
 The most important language spoken in Tuvalu is Tuvaluan, although Nuian is spoken on the island of Nui.
Tuvalu 
 The United States and Tuvalu signed a treaty of friendship in 1979, when the US  gave up their claim to Tuvalu for the islands of Funafuti, Nukefetau, Nukulaelae, and Nurakita.
Tuvalu 
 Following Tuvalu being allocated two-letter top-level Internet domain suffix, .tv, the Government of Tuvalu worked with the International Telecommunications Union and established a process to select a management partner for the domain suffix.
Tuvalu 
 CA of Toronto under which it agreed to pay an up-front payment of US$50 million for exclusive marketing rights to Tuvalu's domain until 2048, with the country manager/delegee of the Government of Tuvalu for the .tv extension being The .tv Corporation International, which was established in 1998.
Tuvalu 
 Idealab, a Californian company, became involved in 1999 and assumed the $50 million obligation to be paid over 10 years.
Tuvalu 
 .tv grew to over 100 employees, with offices in Los Angeles, London, and Hong Kong, before being acquired in a nine figure transaction in December, 2001.
Tuvalu 
 This is about 25.1 kilometres (15.6 mi) (N–S) by 18.4 kilometres (11.4 mi) (W-E), centered on 179°7’E and 8°30’S. A
Tuvalu 
 The highest height is  above sea level, which gives Tuvalu the second-lowest highest elevation of any country (after the Maldives).
Tuvalu 
 Tuvalu is also affected by what is known as a king tide, which can raise the sea level higher than a normal high tide.
Java 
 Around 140 million people live there, which is half the people in Indonesia and more than on any other island in the world.
James Watt 
 There were other patented steam engines (such as the Savery and Newcomen steam engines) in use by the time Watt started his work on them.
James Watt 
 The Watt steam engine is credited for driving the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.
James Watt 
 At first, he was mostly schooled at home by his mother but later he attended Greenock grammar school.
James Watt 
 He exhibited great skill with his hands and a natural ability for mathematics, although Latin and Greek failed to interest him.
James Watt 
 One of Watt's many improvements was the invention of a "centrifugal governor" to regulate automatically the speed of the engine.
James Watt 
 This is most obvious on steam engines where it regulates the admission of steam into the cylinder(s).
James Watt 
 It is also found on internal combustion engines and variously fueled turbines, and in some modern striking clocks.
James Watt 
 A centrifugal governor is a homeostatic device which controls the speed of an engine by regulating the amount of "intermediate substance" (steam) which drives the machine.
James Watt 
 It uses the principle of proportional control: this means the stopping of (in this case) steam varies according to the speed of the machine.
James Watt 
 As they do so, the machine slows down and the balls spin more slowly, and allow more steam into the cylinders.
James Watt 
 In addition, the system has a safety release valve to allow excess steam to escape without driving the wheels.
James Watt 
 The firm of Boulton & Watt designed and built steam engines, and was very important in the Industrial Revolution.
James Watt 
 At first the partnership made the drawing and specifications for the engines, and supervised the work to erect it on the customer's property.
James Watt 
 Watt did most of his work at his home in Harper’s Hill in Birmingham, while Boulton worked at the Soho Manufactory.
James Watt 
 Gradually the partners began to actually make more and more of the parts, and by 1795 they purchased a property about a mile away from the Soho manufactory, on the banks of the Birmingham Canal.
James Watt 
 The Soho Foundry opened in 1796 at a time when Watt’s sons, Gregory and James Jr. were heavily involved in the management of the enterprise.
James Watt 
 Watt retired in 1800, the same year that his fundamental patent and partnership with Boulton expired.