the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Józef Piłsudski 
 In his youth he got involved with Polish and Russian revolutionaries that planned to overthrow the Russian government and was sent to Siberia for helping them.
Józef Piłsudski 
 In Siberia he met many Polish Soldiers that fought for Independence in the 1863 uprising against Russia.
Józef Piłsudski 
 After his return from Siberia, Piłsudski created the Polish Socialist Party, that wanted to bring Poland back.
Józef Piłsudski 
 His party had paramilitary organizations that made protests and uprisings against Russian officers and generals from time to time.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski personally took part in the famous Bezdanny Raid, where Piłsudski and his friends took a lot of money from a train that belonged to the Tsar.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski hoped that during the war Russia and Germany would fight against each other, giving Poland a chance to return.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski's Polish Legions won many battles for Austria and Germany against Russia and this made them respect Poland, allowing the existance of a Polish State in 1916.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski's Brigade (I. Brigade) is also the subject of the famous Polish military song "My pierwsza brygada" which is the current anthem of the Polish military and very popular in Poland.
Józef Piłsudski 
 When Piłsudski decided that Poland must be indepenent from Germany too, he was arrested and brought to a fortress in Magdeburg, Germany in 1917.
Józef Piłsudski 
 November Piłsudski declared that Poland is an independent country again, after 123 years of Poland not existing on the map.
Józef Piłsudski 
 When in the year 1920 the soviet red army was at the gates of Warsaw, Poland's capital, Piłsudski sent his soldiers to battle the red army and defeated them.
Józef Piłsudski 
 After the war with Russia was over, Piłsudski gave his power to the new democratic government of Poland in 1922.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski was very disappointed and sad, so he left politics and spent time with his family in their house in Sulejówek (a part of Warsaw).
Józef Piłsudski 
 When Piłsudski organized a demonstration in 1926 asking the President to resign, fights broke out between Piłsudski's supporters and the president's supporters.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Piłsudski's government was called "Sanacja" which means "healing", because they wanted to heal Poland of its problems and bad situation.
Józef Piłsudski 
 Under Piłsudski life became better in Poland and after some years, Poland was a strong country in Europe again.
Józef Piłsudski 
 He was suceeded by General Edward Rydz-Śmigły, a soldier that fought for Piłsudski during World War 1.
1526 
 First battle of Panipat – Babur becomes Mughal emperor of India, captures Delhi, and invades Northern India.
Isaiah Berlin 
 He was Jewish, and was the first Jew to win the prize of a fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford University.
Guru Granth Sahib 
 Sikhs believe the Guru Granth Sahib to be a living Guru, hence the Guru Granth Sahib has its own place also commonly known as 'Sach Khand' (the Heaven).
Guru Granth Sahib 
 The Guru Granth Sahib, is a collection of hymns of the first five "Sikh Gurus", the "Ninth Guru", and various saints, or bhagats Sikhs and others such as Baba Farid.
Zeno of Elea 
 He is best known for his paradoxes, which Bertrand Russell has described as "immeasurably subtle and profound".
Zeno of Elea 
 Plato says that Zeno's writings were "brought to Athens for the first time on the occasion of" the visit of Zeno and Parmenides
Zeno of Elea 
 According to Proclus in his Commentary on Plato's Parmenides, Zeno produced "not less than forty arguments revealing contradictions", but only nine are now known.
Zeno of Elea 
 Zeno's arguments are perhaps the first examples of a method of proof called reductio ad absurdum, literally meaning to reduce to the absurd.
Iron Curtain 
 It means the border between the states that were members of the Warsaw Pact (in Eastern Europe), and those that were not (then called The West).
Iron Curtain 
 This border was between East Germany and West Germany, between Czechoslovakia and Austria, and between Hungary and Austria.
Iron Curtain 
 In return, the Austrian government promised to do certain things, like not form a territorial union with Germany and recognise certain minorities, amongst others.
Iron Curtain 
 The whole of Europe was separated into a Soviet Union zone in the East and a neutral or US-dominated zone in the West.
Iron Curtain 
 The splitting of Europe, Germany and especially Berlin into two political blocks was part of the Cold War between the United States of America and other western countries on one side and the Soviet Union and its allies on the other.
Iron Curtain 
 The idea of the Iron Curtain was referring to the separation of the communist Europe compared to the democratic west, it was the idea that what was happening in the satellite states and in Russia was secret to the rest of the world.
Iron Curtain 
 Satellite state refers to a country being controlled by another, in this case Russia was controlling countries such as Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and others which were previously controlled by Germany in WW2.
Iron Curtain 
 The idea of the Iron Curtain was made public by Winston Churchill, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, in 1946 when he was invited to speak at American University by Harry S. Truman (the American president at the time).
Iron Curtain 
 Churchill's speech was seen by Nikita Khrushchev; leader of the USSR from 1958 until 1964 as a declaration of war, as Churchill urged a struggle against the Soviet Union.
Iron Curtain 
 Homepage for Susanna Lapossy's book Life Behind the Iron Curtain (about Iron Curtain times in Hungary)
Indus Valley civilization 
 The Indus Valley civilization was a Bronze Age civilization(3300–1300 BC; mature period 2700-1700 BC)
Indus Valley civilization 
 It developed along the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra River and even  that areas are now in modern Pakistan, north-west India and Afghanistan.
Indus Valley civilization 
 The civilization started during the Bronze Age and the height of its development was between 2500 BC and 1500 BC.
Indus Valley civilization 
 Including the civilizations directly before and after, it may have lasted from the 33rd to the 14th century BC.
Indus Valley civilization 
 The Indus Valley civilization covered a large area  from Balochistan (Pakistan) to Gujarat (Republic of India).
Indus Valley civilization 
 The first city to be discovered by excavation (digging up) was Harappa and therefore this civilization is also known as 'Harappan Civilization'.
Indus Valley civilization 
 The harappan traders used seals on the knots of the sacks to be transported to make sure that they were not opened during the journey.
Sumer 
 They may have been one of  the first civilizations in the world, as were Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley.
Sumer 
 Sumerian culture is famous for its written cuneiform script - where letters were formed by pressing a triangle shaped reed into wet-clay tiles.
Sumer 
 They are also credited with creating the wheel, and dividing a day into 24 hours, and each hour into 60 minutes.
Sumer 
 Sumerian communities were organized into city-states, each ruled by a priest or king, until Akkad conquered them in the third millennium BC.
Sumer 
 During the 3rd millennium BC, a close cultural symbiosis developed between the Sumerians, who spoke a language isolate, and Akkadian-speakers, which included widespread bilingualism.
Sumer 
 The Sumerians lost their identity with their language around 2000 BC, because a large group of different people, the Amorites, moved into their region.
Sumer 
 The Sumerian language continued as a religious language taught in schools in Babylonia and Assyria, for as long as cuneiform was used.
Sumer 
 Although both rich and poor Sumerians wore the same style of clothing, the richer Sumerians wore clothing that was made out of expensive and luxurious materials.
Cingular Wireless 
 Cingular is now  owned by AT&T.  AT&T Mobility LLC (usually called AT&T) is fully owned by AT&T and provides wireless service to more than 120 million users in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Cingular Wireless 
 AT&T Mobility is the second largest mobile phone company in the United States behind Verizon Wireless, which has more than 130 million users.
Zeno 
 Zeno of Elea (c.490–c.430 BC), Hellenic Eleatic philosopher, follower of Parmenides and famous for his paradoxes
Zeno 
 Zeno programming language, an imperative procedural programming language designed to be easy to learn and user friendly
Zeno 
 Quantum Zeno effect, an effect in quantum mechanics which disallows certain conditions in the decaying of a quantum state
Mystery Science Theater 3000 
 The series was about a man (originally Joel Robinson, played by Joel Hodgson, the show's creator, and later Mike Nelson, played by Michael J. Nelson, the show's head writer), who is put in a spaceship by an evil scientist.
Mystery Science Theater 3000 
 Two of the robots, named Crow T. Robot (played by Trace Beaulieu and, later Bill Corbett) and Tom Servo (played by Josh Weinstein and later Kevin Murphy), watch the movies with him.
Blaze Starr 
 Blaze Starr (born Fannie Belle Fleming; 10 April 1932 – 15 June 2015) was an American stripper and burlesque star.
Blaze Starr 
 Besides her burlesque dancing, her affair with Governor Earl Long of the state of Louisiana got her more popularity.
Blaze Starr 
 She was afraid she was going to jail when the Governor of Louisiana walked in with the police during a dance.
Blaze Starr 
 Blaze had never known a politician who went to a show bar for any reason other than to cause the dancers trouble.
Blaze Starr 
 Mrs. Blanche Long, the Governor's wife, told hospital people that Earl was crazy and had him put away.
Zip drive 
 Originally it only supported 100 MB disks, but later versions began to support 250 MB and 750 MB disks.
Zip drive 
 However, it is slower to write data on a 100 MB disk with a 250 MB Zip drive than with a 100 MB Zip drive.
Cosmetics 
 Cosmetics (also called makeup, make up, or make-up) are products used to make the human body look different.
Cosmetics 
 Often cosmetics are used to make someone more attractive to one person, or to a culture or sub-culture.
Cosmetics 
 There are two categories: those which improve the basic quality of the skin, and those which sit on the skin during active social life.
Cosmetics 
 The purpose here is to clean the skin, improve its basic quality, and prepare it for the application of make-up.
Cosmetics 
 Or translucent powder applied with a powder puff, brush or sponge, it comes in all shades to match skin.
Cosmetics 
 The word cosmetics comes from the Greek κοσμητικός (kosmētikos), "skilled in ordering or arranging".
Napoleonic Wars 
 They started after the French Revolution ended and Napoleon Bonaparte became powerful in France in November 1799.
Napoleonic Wars 
 On the other side was Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, Sicily, and others.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The Austrian Emperor, Franz I, angrily declared war on Napoleon, beginning the War of the Third Coalition.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In December the Austrians and the Russians allied, and fought the French at the Battle of Austerlitz.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The Kingdom of Prussia declared war on France first but was crushed by Napoleon's troops at the Battle of Jena.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In 1807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Friedland, ending the Fourth Coalition.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In the early phases of the war, the Austrians had advantage of the war, but later the French captured Vienna, ending the Fifth Coalition.
Napoleonic Wars 
 At the height of his power in 1810, Napoleon had controlled France, Spain, northern Italy, Germany, all the way to Russia.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In 1808, the Peninsular War began when Napoleon crowned his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain and fought British, Spanish, and Portuguese troops.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In 1809, the Finnish War began between Russia and Sweden when Sweden and Portugal did make peace with France.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In 1811, France and Russia made disagreements again and Napoleon allied with Prussia and Austria and invaded Russia.
Napoleonic Wars 
 Napoleon staged a French invasion of Russia in 1812 just as the United States and Britain started the War of 1812.
Napoleonic Wars 
 It was in Russia that Napoleon was first checked in his conquest of Europe, at the huge Battle of Borodino.
Napoleonic Wars 
 However, the Russians had to retreat and abandon the capital, Moscow, to the advancing French troops.
Napoleonic Wars 
 Napoleon's weakened Grande Armee had to retreat to Paris through the Russian freezing winter, but was finally defeated by the Russians.
Napoleonic Wars 
 Prussia and Austria declared war after Napoleon's failure, beginning the War of the Sixth Coalition.
Napoleonic Wars 
 In the latter 19th century, Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace and Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's music piece 1812 Overture depicted  the Patriotic war and celebrated the resistance and liberation of Russia.
Napoleonic Wars 
 Meanwhile, the much smaller War of 1812 started between Britain and the United States over maritime issues.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The British, Spanish, and Portuguese had pushed Napoleon's forces out of Spain following the Battle of Vitoria.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The Allies (consisting of Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria) defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig and captured Paris in 1814.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The brother of King Louis XVI had already proclaimed himself French king, Louis XVIII, and was sent by the Prussian forces to Paris and crowned Bourbon king.
Napoleonic Wars 
 But then he and 200 other men escaped back to Paris and forced Louis XVIII off the throne, beginning Hundred Days.
Napoleonic Wars 
 The former Coalition members formed the Seventh Coalition and the Duke of Wellington of Great Britain defeated Napoleon again at the Battle of Waterloo with the help of the Prussians in 1815.
Cantata 
 The word “cantata” was used mainly in the 17th and 18th century to describe music with religious words that were sung by a choir or by soloists or both, accompanied by instruments.
Cantata 
 A famous example is Bach's cantata no 80 which is based on the chorale “Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott(“A safe stronghold our God is still”).
Cantata 
 Other composers, such as Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725) wrote cantatas which were secular(not religious).
Cantata 
 The word “cantata” has also been used in the 20th century by composers such as Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971) and Benjamin Britten (1913-1976).
Clavichord 
 It is used as a practice instrument by harpsichord players, or by organists who wanted to practice at home instead of in a (often very cold) church.
Clavichord 
 They could be put one on top of another so that an organist could practise music written for a two-manual organ.
Clavichord 
 When the piano suddenly became popular – in the 1760s and 1770s – people started to forget about harpsichords and clavichords.
Clavichord 
 Today a few people make harpsichords and clavichords again so that people can play Renaissance and Baroque music - the music from when the clavichord was popular.
Harmony 
 In a way it is the opposite of polyphonic which means that each part (each voice) is a tune in itself.
Harmony 
 Harmony as we know it in European music had become fully developed by the Baroque period (17th century).
Harmony 
 One can play a chord with three notes using the 1st, 3rd and 5th notes of the scale of whatever key the music is in.
Harmony 
 In most homophonic music there are four: for example a choir will normally divide into soprano, alto, tenor and bass, or a string quartet will divide into violin 1, violin 2, viola and cello.
Harmony 
 Harmony which uses just the notes of the key (e.g. just using white notes for C major) is called “tonal harmony”.
Bow (weapon) 
 Ancient bows were made of natural materials like wood or bone and sinew, but today they are often made of plastic and similar materials.
Bow (weapon) 
 They first made the shields lock into a somewhat tortoise like formation, which provide a shell that was make out of shields.
Nuclear physics 
 Everything on the earth is made up of atoms; they are the smallest part of a chemical element that still has the properties of that specific element.
Nuclear physics 
 When two or more atoms combine they create what we know as the molecule, which is the smallest part of a chemical compound which still has the properties of that specific compound.
Nuclear physics 
 Due to the charges in the atom, that is how the atom stays together, by attraction of the electric charges present in the atom.
Nuclear physics 
 Atoms have different features that single out one atom from another, and show how each atom can change in different conditions.
Nuclear physics 
 In the early 20th century, scientists had trouble explaining the behavior of atoms using their current knowledge of matter.
Nuclear physics 
 So to deal with this they made a brand new way to view matter and energy, and they called it quantum theory.
Central Asia 
 The countries in Central Asia are Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan (which are mainly Turkic states) but also includes Tajikistan, and parts of China and Mongolia.
Central Asia 
 When the Parthians (the Parthians were Persians) lost power, the Sassanids added it to their own Persian empire.
Central Asia 
 However, a couple years later, during about the 600's A.D, Arab armies spreading the faith of Islam quickly captured it.
Central Asia 
 After his death, the Timurids ( the name of the people of the dynasty Timur founded) could not hold unto their empire.
Central Asia 
 Turkmenistan has adjusted better to independence from the Soviet Union than the other Central Asian countries, but it has been run by a dictatorship.
Turkestan 
 Turkestan (Turkish: Türkistan, Kazakh: Түркістан, Uzbek: Turkiston, Turkmen: Türküstan, , Chinese: 突厥斯坦, literally "Land of Turks") is a region of Central Asia around the Caspian Sea and Aral Sea.
Mesoamerica 
 The term is especially used to mean the native peoples and cultures that were there before the Spanish took over that region.
Cathode ray tube 
 It was used in almost all computer monitors and televisions until LCD and plasma screens started being used.
Cathode ray tube 
 This is used to pull the electrons toward the front of the glass tube, so the electrons shoot out in one direction, making a cathode ray.
Cathode ray tube 
 By carefully controlling which bits of phosphor light up, a bright picture can be made on the front of the vacuum tube.
Cathode ray tube 
 Because there is a vacuum inside the tube (which has to be strong enough to hold out the air), and the tube must be glass for the phosphor to be visible, the tube must be made of thick glass.
Cathode ray tube 
 Later, along with other inventions and improvements, it was used for the first modern electronic television by Philo T. Farnsworth in the 1920s.
Cathode ray tube 
 The CRT was the main type of television screen until the liquid crystal display became popular in the early 2000s.
Recitative 
 Recitative (Italian: “recitativo”) is music which is telling a story quite quickly, as if it were being spoken, "talky".
Recitative 
 After a while, the situation in the story has changed, and the singer can sing an aria which is more interesting musically.
Recitative 
 When recitative is just accompanied by a keyboard instrument it is called “recitativo secco” (dry recitative).
Recitative 
 Recitative is simple musically, it can sometimes describe the words being sung in quite interesting or amusing ways.
Recitative 
 Wagner wrote operas where everything had musical interest and the various sections flowed into one another.
Ancient India 
 The civilization is famous for its cities that were built of brick, had a road-side drainage system and multi-storied houses.
Ancient India 
 During the Maurya Empire, founded in 321 BCE, most of the Indian subcontinent was united under a single government for the first time.
Ancient India 
 Ashoka the Great who in the beginning sought to expand his kingdom, then followed a policy of ahimsa (non-violence) after converting to Buddhism.
Ancient India 
 The Edicts of Ashoka are the oldest preserved historical documents of India, and under Ashoka Buddhist ideals spread across the whole of East Asia and South-East Asia.
Ancient India 
 Late 6th century: Darius (King of summoners rift), the Persian king, conquers parts of Ancient Pakistan
Ancient India 
 1st – 3rd century: Reign of the Kushan dynasty; first depiction of Jaina tirthankara and muti-armed Hindu deities
Ancient India 
 4th - 6th century: Gupta period in most part and central modern present Republic of India (never included the Pakistan regions), however this was the Golden Age of India era of the Gangetic valley
Ancient India 
 5th – 7th century: Spread of Vaishnavism, especially Krishan cult; emergence of worship of local deities; emergence of Tantrism
Ancient India 
 6th - 8th century: Pallava dynasty in southern India; rock-cut architecture begins in the south; temple building flourishes at Mamallapurama and Kanchipuram
Ancient India 
 7th – 8th century: Decline of Buddhism in ancient Pakistan and the northern Republic of India; revival of Hinduism
Ancient India 
 Early 8th century: Arab merchants settle on the coast of Sindh (now a part of Pakistan) and the Indian state of Gujarat
Partition of India 
 The partition of India divided British India into the countries of India and Pakistan (East and West Pakistan) in 1947.
Partition of India 
 One reason for partition was the two-nation theory, which was presented by Syed Ahmed Khan and stated that Muslims and Hindus were too different to be in one country.
Partition of India 
 The main supporter for partition was Muhammad Ali Jinnah; he became the first Governor-General of Pakistan.
Partition of India 
 After partition, there were 370 million people in India, 170 million in West Pakistan and 30 million people in East Pakistan.
Partition of India 
 Once the lines had been established, about 14.5 million people crossed the borders to what they hoped was the safety of their religious majority.
Partition of India 
 Similarly, the 1951 Indian Census showed 7,295,870 displaced people, apparently Hindus and Sikhs who had moved to India from Pakistan.
Partition of India 
 The partition caused a lot of uncertainty in many parts of the new nations, especially in the region of Jammu and Kashmi, parts of which went to both countries, which went to war several times to try to take the whole region.
World Heritage Site 
 World Heritage Sites are places in the world which are very important from a cultural or natural point of view.
World Heritage Site 
 The World Heritage Convention ("Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage") is a United Nations treaty.
World Heritage Site 
 Each site is a place or a thing (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city). ,
World Heritage Site 
 These included 779 cultural sites, 197 natural sites, and 31 mixed properties (which are both naturally and culturally important).
World Heritage Site 
 Until the end of 2004, there were six criteria for cultural heritage sites and four criteria for natural heritage sites.
World Heritage Site 
 To qualify as a World Heritage Site, nominated sites must meet at least one of the ten criteria; they must also be of "outstanding universal value."
World Heritage Site 
 "exhibits an important interchange of human values, over a span of time, or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning, or landscape design"
World Heritage Site 
 <li>"to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared"<li>
World Heritage Site 
 "is an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural, or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates a significant stage in human history"