the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Divisions of Pakistan 
 Following that there was radical restructuring of the local government system to implement "the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level".
Divisions of Pakistan 
 This meant devolution of many functions, to districts and tehsils, which were previously handled at the provincial and divisional levels.
Divisions of Pakistan 
 At abolition, there were twenty-six divisions in Pakistan proper - five in Sindh, six in Balochistan, seven in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and eight in Punjab.
Divisions of Pakistan 
 Abolition did not affect the two divisions of Azad Kashmir, which form the second tier of government.
Former subdivisions of Pakistan 
 Pakistan's subdivisions originate from those of British India, during their rule the British had established provinces and chief commissioners.
Former subdivisions of Pakistan 
 From 1947 to 1971, Pakistan was split into two areas (East and West Pakistan) that were 1600 kilometres apart separated by India in the middle.
Former subdivisions of Pakistan 
 The eastern wing had one province - East Bengal which included the Sylhet District from the former Indian province of Assam, and also the former district of East Pakistan province.
Former subdivisions of Pakistan 
 The western wing was formed from three Governor's provinces (North-West Frontier Province, West Punjab and Sind (historical), one Chief Commissioner's Province (Baluchistan), several Princely states and parts of occupied Kashmir.
Kalat Division 
 Kalat Division () originally it was called Baluchistan States Union, until the merger with West Pakistan in 1955 and was also an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished it.
Makran Division 
 Makran Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished it.
Nasirabad Division 
 Nasirabad Division () was an administrative division of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished it.
Makran 
 The Persian phrase Mahi khoran, fish-eaters (Mahi = fish + khor = eat) is believed to be the origin of the modern word Makran.
Makran 
 According to the book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name " and ENCYCLOPEDIA Iranika   Makran also Mekran and Mokrān  historically in persian and Arabic text was a vast area from Hormuz strait to the Sind River some mentioned as far as gujarat region.also the body of water in that region was called Macran Sea.
Makran 
 The name Makrān has found a popular etymology in māhi-ḵᵛorān “fish eaters,” but more probable is a connection with the name Magan,or Maka of the Old Persian.
Makran 
 Until the early Islamic period, eastern Makrān at least must have been within the sphere of Indian religion and culture.
Makran 
 334-35) sailed along the Makrān coast, calling it KisMacoran (i.e. Tiz Makrān), considering it as the last province of India and attributing to it a ruler of its own.
Makran 
 341-2) records that, after the death of the Il-Khanid sultan (i.e. after 736/1335), a certain Malek Dinār took power in Makrān.
Makran 
 It was during these centuries that Makrān was colonized by Baluch tribesmen moving southeastwards from Persia, so that it is today mostly Baluch-speaking.
Makran 
 The boundary between Persian Makrān and that part coming within the British Indian province of Baluchistan (the easternmost part forming the Native State of Las Bela) and after 1947 within Pakistan, was demarcated by an Anglo-Persian Boundary Commission in 1870-72.
Geography of Iran 
 Iran is a country of Southwest Asia, it borders the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan.
Geography of Iran 
 The border with these countries are more than 2,000 kilometres long and includes nearly 650 kilometres of water along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.
Geography of Iran 
 Iran's western borders are with Turkey in the north and Iraq in the south, ending at the Shatt al Arab (which Iranians call the Arvand Rud).
Geography of Iran 
 The distance from the Iran's border with Azerbaijan in the north-west to the border with Pakistan in the south-east is about 2,333 kilometres.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 Tehsils are used in all provinces except in Sindh province where the word taluka () is used instead.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by a Nazim (the word means "supervisor" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as mayor).
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 Women have been allotted a minimum of 33% seats in these councils; there is no maximum limit to the number of women in these councils.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 In the 1960s, Pakistan was simply divided into two "units" these were East Pakistan and West Pakistan.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 Shortly before East Pakistan became independent as Bangladesh, West Pakistan reverted to a system with four provinces.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 The provinces consisted of subunits called "divisions", which were further subdivided into districts, tehsils, and villages or municipalities.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 In August 2000, Pervez Musharraf's local government reforms abolished the "division" as an administrative tier.
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 This plan according to the government "follows the principle of subsidiarity, whereby all functions that can be effectively performed at the local level are transferred to that level."
Administrative units of Pakistan 
 This means mean that decisions are made locally by people who live in the area and not in far away cities.
Subsidiarity 
 Subsidiarity is an idea that things should be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralised authority.
Subsidiarity 
 The idea is that the top authority should only do things which cannot be properly done at a lower or local level.
Just Dance 
 It reached #1 in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the Netherlands.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 When Doctor Who was returned to television in 2005, Rose was introduced in the show as a new "companion" of series protagonist the Doctor, in his Ninth and later Tenth bodies.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 A regular companion of the Doctor for all of series one and series two, Rose also returned in the programme's fourth series having Changed in the gap between them.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 She has a boyfriend named Mickey Smith, and lives in a apartment with her mother Jackie Tyler in the Powell Estate in London.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Rose left school without taking her A-levels but won the bronze medal in an under-sevens gymnastics competition at her school.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 When she was twelve, she received a red bicycle for Christmas, which was given to her by the Doctor after meeting Rose in the future.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 While they are travelling, the Doctor and Rose realise that the words "Bad Wolf" follow them around.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 They tell Rose that she must travel to the future to absorb the energies of the time vortex, to save the Doctor and the Earth from the Daleks.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 By absorbing the power of the TARDIS, she destroy the Daleks, brings Captain Jack back to life and leaves the words "Bad Wolf" through the universe as clues that are seen throughout the series.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 The Doctor, through a kiss, absorbs the power, sacrificing his ninth incarnation and regenerating before Rose's eyes into the Tenth Doctor.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 At the beginning of season 2, Rose and the Doctor travel "farther than we've ever gone before" to New New Earth.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Over the course of season two, we learn that Rose has a crush on the Doctor, a point that is made strongly in 2.03 (when she competes for the Doctor's affections with former companion, Sarah Jane Smith) and 2.04 (when the Doctor falls for Madame de Pompadour).
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Toward the end of the season, the Doctor starts to return affection for Rose, ending in the finale where Rose is trapped in a parallel universe (that looks just like ours) with her mother, Jackie, Mickey, and her parallel-universe father, Peter Tyler.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 In "Turn Left", when a Time Beetle causes Donna to change the past and change the universe, Rose continually appears to her and helps her to set things right by sending her back in time.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 She also gives Donna the message "Bad Wolf" to deliver to the Doctor, which tells him that it is the end of the universe.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Rose is reunited with the Doctor in  "The Stolen Earth", but as the two run towards each other, the Doctor is shot down by a Dalek.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 A sad Rose, reunited with Jack Harkness for the first time since she resurrected him in "The Parting of the Ways", is forced to watch the Doctor begin to regenerate again.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 In "Journey's End" the Doctor regenerates just enough to heal himself, moving the rest of his 'Time Lord' regenerative energy into his hand that was cut off in the series two episode "The Christmas Invasion".
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Donna later touches the hand, and the energy that flows into her creates a weird event called a 'biological metacrisis'.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 This metacrisis causes the hand to develop into a part human, part time lord version of the Doctor, complete with the Doctor's memories, personality and knowledge, but exhibiting traits of Donna's personality.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 Between themselves, the original Doctor and the half-human Doctor have decided that the half-human Doctor will stay with Rose; this Doctor can give Rose a romantic relationship, as he will age and die as a human rather than greatly outliving her like his Time Lord counterpart would.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 The Doctor tells Rose that his half-human self needs her as he was "born of blood and fire and revenge" much like his previous body was after the Time War.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 When the half-human Doctor seemingly completes the sentence the original Doctor started at the end of "Doomsday" they kiss each other.
Rose Tyler (Doctor Who) 
 And although we do not hear what the half-human Doctor had whispered to Rose, executive producer Julie Gardner confirmed in Doctor Who Confidential that "even though we don't hear it, of course he's saying 'I love you'."
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Kashmir and Jammu was a princely state in the Himalayas next to the territories of British India in the north.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The East India Company annexed the Kashmir valley and wanted to recover some of the cost of the Anglo-Sikh war.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The area of the state were set by the Treaty of Amritsar of 1846 "situated to the eastward of the Indus and westward of the Ravi River it covered an area of 80,900 km2.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 After the British left India the princely state was divided between Pakistan and India  as war took place between the neighbours.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Before the creation of the princely state, Kashmir had been ruled by the Durrani Empire it was then taken over by the Sikhs under Ranjit Singh.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 During Sikh rule Jammu had been a tributary of the Sikh Empire in the Punjab region, but after the death of its Raja, Kishore Singh, Dogra,  in 1822 his son Gulab Singh was recognised by the Sikhs as being his heir.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Taking over Kishtwar meant that Singh had now gained control of two of the roads which led into Ladakh which allowed him to take control of that territory.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Although there were huge difficulties, due to the mountains and glaciers, the Dogras under Gulab Singh's officer, Zorawar Singh managed to conquered the whole of Ladakh.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 A few years later, in 1840, General Zorawar Singh invaded Baltistan and captured the Raja of Skardu who had sided with the Ladakhis, and took over his country.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The following year (1841) Zorawar Singh tried to invade Tibet, however due to the winter weather and by being attacked by the Tibetians.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Gulab Singh remained neutral until the battle of Sobraon in 1846, when he became a trusted adviser of Sir Henry Lawrence.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 This allowed him to gain land for himself - all the hilly or mountainous land to the east of the Indus and west of the Ravi River.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 However Imam-ud-din was later persuaded by Sir Henry Lawrence to stop fighting and Kashmir passed without further fighting to the new ruler.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Nathu Shah on behalf of Gulab Singh responded by leading a force to attack the Hunza valley; he and his force were destroyed, and Gilgit fort fell into the hands of the Hunza Raja, along with Punial, Yasin, and Darel.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The Maharaja then sent two armies, one from Astor and one from Baltistan, and after some fighting Gilgit fort was taken back.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 In 1852 the Dogra troops were defeated by Gaur Rahman of Yasin, and for eight years the Indus formed the boundary of the Maharaja's territories.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Gulab Singh died in 1857, his successor, Ranbir Singh, sided with the British during the Indian Rebellion.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 In 1860 a force under Devi Singh crossed the Indus, and moved towards Gaur Rahman's strong fort at Gilgit.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Although Ranbir Singh was tolerant of other religions his control over the country was weak, between 1877 and 1879 a dreadful famine took place in Kashmir.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 Jammu was the southernmost part of the state and was next to the Punjab districts of Jhelum, Gujrat, Sialkot, and Gurdaspur.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 There used to be a route from Kohala to Leh, it was possible to travel from Rawalpindi via Kohala and over the Kohala Bridge into Kashmir.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The route from Kohala to Srinagar was a cart-road 132 miles in length, from Kohala to Baramulla the road was close to the Jhelum River.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 At Muzaffarabad the Kishenganga River joins the Jhelum and at this point the road from Abbottabad and Garhi Habibullah meet the Kashmir route.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 In 1893 very serious floods took place in the Jhelum because of rain that fell for 52 hours, and much damage was done to Srinagar.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 In 1947 the Indian Independence Act was passed, this meant that British India would become two independent states - Pakistan and India.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 However the ruler of Kashmir wanted to remain independent, neither joining Pakistan or India, this led to war between the two neighbouring countries in which Kashmir became divided between them.
Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 
 The Kashmir conflict between the two nuclear neighbours remains one of the hardest and longest running disputes that the  United Nations Security Council has been trying to solve.
Automatix (software) 
 Automatix allowed the menu-driven installation of 56 different “capabilities”, including commercial closed source programs such as the Flash plugin, Acrobat Reader, multimedia codecs (DivX, MP3, Windows Media Audio) and fonts, and programming compilers.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The Jallianwalah Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre was a massacre that happened in Amritsar, in 1919.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 On April 13, 1919, British Indian Army soldiers started shooting at an unarmed crowd of men, women and children.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 According to other sources, there were over 1,000 deaths, with more than 2,000 hurt badly, and Civil Surgeon Dr. Smith said that there were 1500 casualties.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 World War I began with large support and friendliness towards the United Kingdom from the leaders of India.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 About 1.3 million Indian soldiers and workers served in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, while both the Indian government and the princes sent large supplies of food, money, and ammunition.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Also, from the beginning of the war, the overseas Indian population (mainly from Canada, Germany, and the United States) tried to start a rebellion in India similar to the 1857 uprising.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 With Irish Republican, German and Turkish help, a large conspiracy was made called the HinduGerman Conspiracy.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 After World War I, the high number of dead and wounded, inflation, heavy taxation and other problems greatly affected the people of India.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 In 1916, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League signed the Lucknow Pact, agreeing to build a border dividing Punjab (India) and Pakistan.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The worsening civil unrest throughout India, especially amongst the Bombay millworkers, led to the Rowlatt committee in 1919.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The job of the committee was to understand German and Bolshevik links to the militant movement in India, especially in Punjab and Bengal.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The committee asked for an extension of the Defence of India act of 1915  The act gave the Viceroy's government with great power, that included silencing the press, including detaining the political activists without trial, arrest without warrant of any individual suspected of treason.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The events that followed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 were also influenced by the events linked to the Ghadar conspiracy, At the time, British Indian Army troops were returning from the battlefields of Europe and Mesopotamia to an economic depression in India.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 There were many attempts to mutiny in 1915 and the Lahore conspiracy trials were still in public attention.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 News of young Mohajirs who fought on behalf of the Turkish Caliphate and later for the Red Army during the Russian Civil War was also beginning to reach India.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 It was at this time that Mahatma Gandhi, until then relatively unknown on the Indian political scene, began emerging as a mass leader.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Gandhi's call for protest against the Rowlatt act got an expected response - of furious unrest and protests.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Michael O'Dwyer is said to have believed that this was part of an attempt to rebel against the British.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 James Houssemayne Du Boulay is said to have ascribed a direct relationship between the fear of a Ghadarite uprising in the midst of an increasingly tensed situation in Punjab, and the British response that ended in the massacre.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 On April 10, 1919, a protest was held at the residence of the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar, a city in Punjab, a large province in the northwestern part of what was then undivided India.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The demonstration was held to demand the release of two popular leaders of the Indian Independence Movement, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, who had been earlier arrested on account of their protests.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Later in the day, several banks and other government buildings, including the Town Hall and the railway station were attacked and set on fire.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The violence continued to increase, and resulted in the deaths of at least 5 Europeans, including government employees and civilians.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 For the next two days, the city of Amritsar was quiet, but violence continued in other parts of the Punjab.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Railway lines were cut, telegraph posts destroyed, government buildings burnt, and three Europeans were killed.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The legislation placed restrictions on a number of civil liberties,  including freedom of assembly, banning gatherings of more than four people.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 On April 13, 1919, thousands of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh (garden) near the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 The Jallianwala Bagh was surrounded on all sides by houses and buildings and had few narrow entrances, most of which were kept locked.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 In a telegram sent to Dyer, British Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab, Sir Michael O'Dwyer wrote: "Your action is correct.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 O'Dwyer asked for martial law to be imposed upon Amritsar and other areas; this was allowed by the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford, after the massacre.
Jallianwala Bagh massacre 
 Dyer was initially applauded by some, but in July 1920 he was censured and forced to retire by the House of Commons.
British Indian Army 
 The British Indian Army, officially called simply the Indian Army (IA), was the army in British India during British rule (1858–1947).
British Indian Army 
 The Indian Army served as a security force in India itself and fought in battles overseas, particularly during the two World Wars.
British Indian Army 
 The term "Indian Army" was used to describe the presidency armies, especially after the Indian Mutiny.
British Indian Army 
 However, the first army officially called the "Indian Army" was raised by the government of India in 1895.
British Indian Army 
 In 1903 the Indian Army absorbed the three presidency armies (the Bengal Army, the Madras Army and the Bombay Army).
British Indian Army 
 Between 1903 and 1947  the Army of India consisted of two separate parts: the Indian Army and the British Army in India.
British Indian Army 
 The first consisted of Indian Army regiments from India, while the second were British Army regiments from the United Kingdom which were sent to India.
British Indian Army 
 The Army of India defeated the Ottoman Empire and conquered Iraq in the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I.
British Indian Army 
 The Indian Army was formed after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 when the government of Britain took over rule from the British East India Company.
British Indian Army 
 Before that the company had their own army units, paid for by their profits and these joined with British Army units.
British Indian Army 
 The army of the British East India Company recruited mostly Muslims in the Bengal Presidency (which consisted of Bengal, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh), and high caste Hindus mainly from the rural plains of Oudh.
British Indian Army 
 After the rebellion, the British started recruiting what the British called the "martial races," particularly Punjabi Muslims, Marathas, Rajputs, Sikhs, Gurkhas, Pashtuns, Garhwalis, Mohyals, and Dogras.
British Indian Army 
 After World War II, the British formations and units that had been part of the British Army of India were divided between India and Pakistan.
British Indian Army 
 Soon after the Partition of India, both the newly formed armies fought each other in the First Kashmir War from 1947 - '48 which begun the bitter rivalry that has continued into the 21st century.
Presidency armies 
 The presidency armies, like the presidencies themselves, belonged to the East India Company until the Indian Mutiny, when the British government took over all three presidencies.
Presidency armies 
 From the mid-eighteenth century, the East India Company began to keep armies at each of its three main stations, or ‘Presidencies’, in India at Calcutta (Bengal), Madras and Bombay.
Presidency armies 
 The Bengal Army, Madras Army, and Bombay Army were quite different, each with its own list of Regiments and European officers.
Presidency armies 
 All three armies had both European regiments in which both the officers and men were Europeans, and a larger number of ‘Native’ regiments in which the officers were Europeans and the ordinary soldiers were Indians.