the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
British Rail 
 The Transport Act 1947 set out the nationalisation of the rail network, as part of a plan by Clement Attlee's Labour Government to nationalise public transport.
British Rail 
 The London Underground, some industrial lines and some remaining light railways like Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway were again excluded.
British Rail 
 For a short time, during World War II, the Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway line was taken over by the military.
British Rail 
 The Railway Magazine in its issue of February 1923 dubbed the new companies as "The Big Four of the New Railway Era".
British Rail 
 The nationalised Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) ran the railways in Northern Ireland from 1948 until 1966.
British Rail 
 They were then taken over by Translink and called NI Railways, also known as Northern Ireland Railways ().
British Rail 
 The government of Northern Ireland and Ireland ran the former Great Northern Railway jointly under a Great Northern Railway Board until 1958.
British Rail 
 The period of nationalisation saw sweeping changes occur as steam trains were scrapped 1968, in favour of diesel trains and electric trains.
British Rail 
 A major railway survey in April 1961 was used in the writing of a government report on the future of the network.
British Rail 
 A third of all passenger trains would be scrapped and more than 4,000 of the 7,000 stations would be closed.
British Rail 
 InterCity (or, in the earliest days, the hyphenated Inter-City) was introduced by British Rail in 1966 as a brand-name for its long-haul express passenger services (see British Rail brand names for a full history).
British Rail 
 Passenger levels fell steadily from the late 1950s to the late 1970s, but experienced a sharp increase after the introduction of the high-speed Intercity 125 trains in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
British Rail 
 Working around London, they were London Midland Region (Marylebone, Euston, St Pancras and Broad Street), Southern Region (Waterloo, Victoria, Chairing Cross, Holborn Viaduct, Cannon Street and London Bridge), Western Region (Paddington) and Eastern Region (King's Cross, Moorgate, Broad Street, Liverpool Street and Fenchurch Street).
British Rail 
 This was perceived to be a source of inefficiency, so sectorization made the regions into a single organisation covering all commuter services.
British Rail 
 At the same time InterCity took over express services and Regional Railways took over regional services.
British Rail 
 BR built 2537 steam locomotives from 1948 to 1960, some to pre-nationalisation designs and some to its own, new, standard designs.
British Rail 
 The official report known as the "Modernisation Plan" of December 1954 was intended to bring the railway system into the 20th century.
British Rail 
 The aim was to increase speed, reliability, safety and line capacity, by making the railways more attractive to passengers and freight operators.
British Rail 
 Electrification of principal main lines, in the Eastern Region, Kent, Birmingham and Central Scotland.
British Rail 
 Long-distance trains from Marylebone began to be cut back from 1958 after the line was given from BR Midland Western to the BR Midland Region.
British Rail 
 By 1960 there were no daytime trains running to destinations north of Nottingham and only a few still ran at night.
British Rail 
 Some of the early models were of poor quality and design, but many later kinds proved their worth in time.
British Rail 
 British Rail Class 127 diesel trains were chosen to operate on the services from Marylebone usually to places such as High Wycombe, Aylesbury and Banbury which are on the Chiltern Main Line and Great Central Main Line (now the London to Aylesbury Line).
British Rail 
 They were similar to British Rail Class 127,  but were superior as the class had larger windows, better seats, lights and wall surfaces.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 47 (originally Brush Type 4) is a class of British railway diesel-electric locomotive that was developed in the 1960s by Brush Traction.
British Rail 
 British Rail gave Class 52 to the class of 74 large diesel-hydraulic locomotives built for the Western Region of British Railways between 1961 and 1964.
British Rail 
 All were given two-word names, with the first word being Western, and so the type was nicknamed Westerns.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 207 (or 3D) versatile diesel-electric multiple units were built by BR at Eastleigh in 1962.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 423 (or 4Vep) electric multiple units were built by BR at York Works from 1967 to 1974.
British Rail 
 They feature manually opening doors next to every seating row and mostly found working outer suburban services in South London, and rural services in Kent and Sussex, up to replacement in 2005.
British Rail 
 They were first used in 1960 for the electrification of the North Clyde and the Cathcart Circle lines in Strathclyde.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 73 electro-diesel locomotives are very unusual in that they can operate from a 750 V DC third-rail supply, but also have a diesel engine to allow them to work on non-electrified routes.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 312 is a type of alternating current (AC) electric multiple unit (EMU) built in 1966–1974 intended for use on outer-suburban passenger services.
British Rail 
 It was the last class of multiple unit to be constructed to the British Rail Mark 2  body shell, and also the last with slam doors.
British Rail 
 British Rail Class 313 electric multiple units were built by BREL at York Works from 1976 to 1977, thus the first second-generation EMUs to be constructed for British Rail.
British Rail 
 They were the first units in Britain to have fully automatic couplers which allowed both physical coupling and also the connection of control electric and air supplies to be carried out without the driver's need to leave the cab.
British Rail 
 During the late 1950s, railways continued to worsen, and in 1959 the government acted, limiting the amount the British Transport Commission (BTC) could spend on British Rail.
British Rail 
 The government proposed that many services could be provided more cheaply by buses, and said that most abandoned rail services would have their places taken by bus services.
British Rail 
 Four lines reopened within 20 miles (32 km) of each other: Abercynon–Aberdare, Barry–Bridgend via , Bridgend–Maesteg and the Ebbw Valley Line via Newbridge.
British Rail 
 The station at Laurencekirk on the mainline between Arbroath and Aberdeen was shut in 1967, but 42 years later in May 2009 it reopened.
British Rail 
 Haddenham in Buckinghamshire lost its little-used station in 1963, but a more popular station opened in 1987 as the town grew.
British Rail 
 A major part of the report proposed that British Rail electrify some major main lines and the use of containerised freight traffic instead of outdated and uneconomic wagon-load traffic.
British Rail 
 Some of these plans were eventually adopted, however, such as the creation of the Freightliner concept and further electrification of the West Coast Main Line from Crewe to Glasgow in 1974.
British Rail 
 In addition a small but significant number of closed stations have reopened, and passenger services been restored on lines where they had been closed or removed.
British Rail 
 Many of these were in the urban metropolitan counties and towns where Passenger Transport Executives have a role in promoting local passenger rail use.
British Rail 
 A notable reopening was the Robin Hood Line in Nottinghamshire, between Nottingham and Worksop via Mansfield, which reopened in the early 1990s.
British Rail 
 In the early 1980s there was a proposal to close Marylebone and divert British Rail services via High Wycombe into nearby Paddington.
British Rail 
 There was also a plan to extend the Metropolitan Line to Aylesbury, so London trains via Amersham would be sent to Baker Street.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 143 is a diesel multiple unit, part of the Pacer family of trains introduced between 1985 and 1986.
British Rail 
 The British Rail Class 156 "Super-Sprinter"  diesel multiple units were built from 1987 to 1989 to replace elderly First Generation "Heritage" DMUs (like the Class 127 units) and locomotive-hauled passenger trains.
British Rail 
 As funding increased before privatisation the successful British Rail Class 158 Express Sprinter was made.
British Rail 
 On 12 December 1988, three commuter trains crashed, just south-west of Clapham junction station, in London.
British Rail 
 British Rail's 30-year-old vintage Mark 1 carriages were found out to be dangerous and the broken signalling equipment was fixed and improved.
British Rail 
 The British government under John Major said that privatisation would help passenger services, but this did not happen until much later.
British Rail 
 The Scottish Assembly Government have re-opened the lines between Hamilton and Larkhall, Alloa and Stirling and is working on a link from Airdrie to Bathgate.
British Rail 
 The Welsh Assembly Government has re-opened the Vale of Glamorgan Line between Barry Bock and Bridgend in 2005.
British Rail 
 The line's passenger service was officially shut down in June 1964, but freight continued until the late 1990s.
British Rail 
 Yet more stations were reopened by British Rail in Scotland, England and Wales before privatisation when the railway was run properly.
British Rail 
 Since privatisation, the number of companies has changed a number of times as rules have changed and the areas covered altered.
British Rail 
 The British Rail "double arrow" logo was said to show  direction of travel on a double track railway on a railway map and was nicknamed "the arrow of indecision".
British Rail 
 It is now employed as a general symbol on street signs in Great Britain, but not in Northern Ireland, denoting railway stations, and as part of the Association of Train Operating Companies (A.T.O.C.)'s joint-managed National Rail brand, still being printed on railway tickets.
British Rail 
 Sometimes strikes happened among British Rail staff, over staff pay, safety, working hours and alike.
Cobra 
 Most of those species are in the family Elapidae, and most of them can spread their neck ribs to form a flattened, widened hood.
Cobra 
 The name "cobra" is short for cobra de capelo or cobra-de-capelo, which is Portuguese for "snake with hood", or "hood-snake".
Cobra 
 The genus Naja, the typical or "true" cobras (they raise the front part of the body and flatten their neck in a warning signal when alarmed).
Cobra 
 They include over 270 species, including Naja nivea, the Cape cobra, a medium-sized, highly venomous cobra which lives in biomes across southern Africa; Cleopatra's "asp" (the Egyptian cobra, Naja haje); and the Asiatic spectacled cobra Naja naja; and the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia.
Cape cobra 
 The color varies from location to location, and those from the Kalahari are normally yellow with brown speck uniformly all over the body.
Kalahari Desert 
 The Kalahari Desert is a large arid to semi-arid sandy area in southern Kgalagadi Africa extending 900,000 km² (362,500 sq.
Kalahari Desert 
 The Kalahari Desert is the southern part of Africa, and the geography is a portion of desert and a plateau.
Kalahari Desert 
 The surrounding Kalahari Basin covers over 2.5 million km² extending farther into Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, and encroaching into parts of Angola, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Kalahari Desert 
 The only permanent river, the Okavango, flows into a delta in the northwest, forming marshes that are rich in wildlife.
Kalahari Desert 
 Ancient dry riverbeds—called omuramba—traverse the Central Northern reaches of the Kalahari and provide standing pools of water during the rainy season.
Kalahari Desert 
 Previously havens for wild animals from elephant to giraffe, and for predators such as lion and cheetah, the riverbeds are now mostly grazing spots, though leopard or cheetah can still be found.
Kalahari Desert 
 The Kalahari has a number of game reserves—the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR, the world's second largest protected area), Khutse Game Reserve and the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
Kalahari Desert 
 Animals that live in the region include brown hyenas, lions, meerkats, giraffe, warthogs, jackals and several species of antelope (including the eland, gemsbok, springbok, hartebeest, steenbok, kudu, and duiker), and many species of bird and reptiles.
Kalahari Desert 
 Vegetation in the Kalahari consists mainly of grasses and acacias but there are over 400 identified plant species present (including the wild watermelon or Tsamma melon).
Silverstein 
 In 2005, Silverstein performed on the "Never Sleep Again" tour along with fellow emo band Hawthorne Heights.
Silverstein 
 The second album, Discovering the Waterfront contains the singles Discovering the Waterfront and Smile in Your Sleep.
Pakistan State Oil (PSO) 
 The well established infrastructure, built at par with international standards, representing 82% of country’s storage, provides PSO an edge over its competitors.
Mahmud I 
 Mahmud I (; August 2, 1696 – December 13, 1754) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754.
Mahmud II 
 Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) (July 20, 1785 – July 1, 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Mahmud II 
 Mahmud was the son of Sultan Abdül Hamid I. His time as sultan is notable mostly for the major legal and military changes he caused.
Mahmud II 
 He replaced the old military organization maintained by the governors of irregular auxiliaries (sekban - I Cedid).
Mahmud II 
 In 1813, with the help of Muhammed Ali Pasha, he defeated the Wahhabis, who desecrated the holy places and shrines in Mecca and Medina.
Mahmud II 
 In the “Auspicious Incident” the corps of Janissaries was abolished and replaced by a conscription army.
Mahmud II 
 In July of 1839 the Sultan Mahmud II died as the ill effects of life experienced by him calamitous events he was afflicted with tuberculosis and died.
Mahmud II 
 In Mecca, he had built a madrasa and mend the Great Mosque (Mescid-i Aksa) in the holy city of Jerusalem.
Mahmud II 
 His sons: Abdülmecid I *, * Abdulaziz, 4 Sehzades names Ahmet, Bayezid, veliaht Abdulhamid, Suleyman, 2 Sehzades called Mehmed Murad Nizameddin, Abdullah Osman.
Mahmud II 
 His daughters: Emine Sultan, Sultan Hamide, Hayriye Sultan, Sultan Saw, * Saliha Sultan, Ayse Sultan, Sultan Atike *, 2 Fatma Sultan, Sultan Münire, Mihrimah Sultan *, * Adile Sultan.
Mahmud II of Great Seljuk 
 Mahmud II (Kabızlık; died 1131) proclaimed himself the Seljuk sultan of Baghdad in 1118 after the death of Mehmed I (probably Mahmud's father).
Mahmud II of Great Seljuk 
 Mahmud fought against the Seljuk Sultan of Khorasan, Ahmed Sanjar, whom Mehmed I had revolted against in 1105.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 Mahmud of Ghazni (, ; (2 November 971 – 30 April 1030) was the ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire from 997 until his death.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 He turned the former provincial city of Ghazni into the rich capital of an extensive empire which included modern-day Afghanistan, most of Iran, and parts of north-west India including modern-day Pakistan.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 He was also the first ruler to carry the title Sultan, signifying his break from the power of the Islamic Caliph.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 Mahmud of Ghazni was known as Yāmīn al-Dawlah Maḥmūd (in full: Yāmīn al-Dawlah Abd al-Qāṣim Maḥmūd Ibn Sebük Tegīn).
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 When he was young, Mahmud helped his father gain land through military campaigns against Turk nobles.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 In 997, he overthrew his younger brother, Ismail, who had been nominated for the throne after his father’s death.
Mahmud of Ghazni 
 With all his riches, Mahmud founded a university, a library, and a museum, a grand mosque and richened his capital.
Ghaznavid Empire 
 It was centered in Ghazni, a city in present Afghanistan, and ruled much of Persia, Transoxania, and the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Mahmud Shah Durrani 
 Mahmud Shah Durrani (1769 - 1829) was the ruler of the Durrani Empire between 1801 and 1803, again between 1809 and 1818.
Mahmud Shah Durrani 
 He then had a chequered career; he was deposed in 1803, restored in 1809, and finally deposed again in 1818.
Durrani Empire 
 The Durrani Empire (actually Afghan Empire) was established in 1747 by Ahmad Shah Durrani at Kandahar, Afghanistan.
Durrani Empire 
 The Durrani Empire is considered the foundation of the modern state of Afghanistan, with Ahmad Shah Durrani (Ahmad Shah Baba) being the "Father of the nation".
Durrani Empire 
 The Durrani dynasty diminished in the early 19th century when Afghanistan was fighting defensive wars with Persia on one side and British India on the other side.
Durrani Empire 
 The Barakzai dynasty took over control of the kingdom but lost many of Afghanistan's territories by the end of the 19th century.
Durrani Empire 
 It became to what is now Afghanistan after the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 when the state became officially recognized by all the major countries in the world.
Cognitive psychology 
 These are aspects of the higher brain, such as thought, feeling, problem solving, memory, and language.
Cognitive psychology 
 Cognitive psychologists often look at mental changes that happen after a stimulus (things that can be felt by the five senses) and before a behavioral response (what a person does after sensing something).
Cognitive psychology 
 Cognitive psychology had its beginnings in the Gestalt psychology of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler, and Kurt Koffka, and in the work of Jean Piaget, who came up with a theory of "stages" or "phases" that describe children's cognitive development.
Celâl Bayar 
 Mahmut Celâl Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician, statesman and the third President of Turkey.
Celâl Bayar 
 At the time of his death, he was the longest lived former head of state, living over 103 years (he was surpassed in 2008 by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum).
Perceptual psychology 
 Perceptual psychology is a subfield of cognitive psychology that is concerned specifically with the pre-conscious innate aspects of the human cognitive system or  perception.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Mahmoud Abbas () (born 15 November 1935), also known by the Kunya Abu Mazen (), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on 9 January 2005.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He resigned because of a lack of support from Israel and the United States as well as "internal incitement" against his government.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Before becoming Prime Minister, Abbas led the Negotiations Affairs Department of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He has served as Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee since 11 November 2004, after Yasser Arafat's death.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 As a child, he and his family fled to Syria during the capture of the city by Jewish forces in May 1948.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Damascus and postgraduate studies at the University of Friendship of Peoples.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 In 1982 he defended his dissertation at the Moscow branch of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences on "The Secret Relationship between Nazism and Zionism", the main ideas of which some sources interpreted as Holocaust denial.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 The director of the institute, EM Primakov, appointed Abbas VI Kiselyov, a specialist in the history of Palestine, as the scientific supervisor.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Based on his dissertation, Abbas wrote a monograph, The Other Side: The Secret Relations between the Nazis and the Zionist Leadership.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 In the "Relevance of the Topic" section of the dissertation, Abbas notes: "As the overall decline of capitalism deepens, the decline of Zionist ideology becomes more and more apparent Expansionist and racist forms… Exposing reactionary ideology… is considered an urgent matter for the entire anti-imperialist camp… The immediate goal of all modern anti-imperialist forces is to defend the world, denouement, democracy and social progress.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Abbas sees his task in this scholarly work in "finding the connection between Zionism and Nazism of the Third Reich" because "Zionism flirted with Nazi Germany, so Zionist officials first established contacts with a regime that defined anti-Semitism as its own official state policy."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 And then "Zionist favorites та made secret deals with the Nazi government to organize the resettlement of deliberately selected Jewish parties in Palestine… Mossad emissaries were given the right to visit concentration camps by the Nazis со to sort prisoners.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 In his dissertation, Abbas exposes other Zionist conspiracies with the Nazis: in order to populate Palestine with Jews, under the so-called Haavar agreement for 1,000 pounds, the Nazis released any Jew who wanted to leave Germany. "
Mahmoud Abbas 
 And in this the Zionists met with a favorable attitude of the authorities, which sought to cleanse Germany of Jews."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Abbas notes "the closeness of the ideological concepts of Zionism and Nazism in terms of national chauvinism and racism."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Two years later, at the Ibn Rashid publishing house in Amman, Jordan, Abbas published his own book in Arabic, The Hidden Relationships of Zionism and Nazism during World War II, an extended version of his dissertation, in which he rejected Zionist fabrications and the mythical heresy of the deaths of 6 million Jews — some of those who died suffered from a joint (Nazi-Zionist) conspiracy.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He said: "The exact number of Jews killed in the war was significantly less than 6 million, even less than a million.
Mahmoud Abbas 
 The task of the Zionists was to increase the number of victims among the Jewish people in order to arouse the sympathy of the international community."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 In fact, according to him, "only 890 thousand Jews died, and crematorium furnaces were used only for the cremation of the bodies of the inhabitants of our planet who died of disease — to prevent the spread of infection."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 Abu Mazen said that saving the Jews for humanitarian purposes was not of interest to the Zionists, and therefore "they did not make the slightest effort to persuade the West to accept Jewish refugees who had fled Nazi hell."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He claims that the Zionists thwarted various intentions to support and promote salvation and hid information about the terrible participation of Euro-Jews "so that they would not need to take the necessary, predictable measures."
Mahmoud Abbas 
 He writes that "the Zionist movement was deliberately provoked against the Jews who lived on Nazi land in order to provoke dislike of the authorities and their group elimination".
Abid Hamid Mahmud 
 Abid Al-Hamid Mahmud al-Tikriti ( 21 September 1957 - June 7, 2012) was an Iraqi lieutenant general under Saddam Hussein's deposed regime, and he was Saddam's bodyguard.
Social psychology 
 Despite their similarity, psychological and sociological researchers tend to differ in their goals, approaches, methods, and terminology.
Social psychology 
 The greatest period of collaboration between sociologists and psychologists was during the years immediately following World War II.
Social psychology 
 Although there has been increasing isolation and specialization in recent years, some degree of overlap and influence remains between the two disciplines.
Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha 
 Mahmoud Fahmi an-Nukrashi Pasha (1888 - 1948) (Arabic: محمود فهمي النقراشي باشا) was an Egyptian political figure.
Neuropsychology 
 Neuropsychology is the scientific study that studies the function and structure of the brain related to more common psychological processes and overt behaviors.
Neuropsychology 
 It has also been applied to efforts to record electrical activity from individual cells (or groups of cells) in higher primates (including some studies of human patients).
Abnormal psychology 
 Different cultures tend to have different ideas of how strange (abnormal) any behaviour is considered.