the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Watermill 
 The passage of water is controlled by sluice gates that allow maintenance and some measure of flood control; large mill complexes may have dozens of sluices controlling complicated interconnected races that feed multiple buildings and industrial processes.
Watermill 
 Watermills can be divided into two kinds, one with a horizontal waterwheel on a vertical axle, and the other with a vertical wheel on a horizontal axle.
Watermill 
 The oldest of these were horizontal mills in which the force of the water, striking a simple paddle wheel set horizontally in line with the flow turned a runner stone balanced on the rynd which is atop a shaft leading directly up from the wheel.
Watermill 
 The problem with this type of mill arose from the lack of gearing; the speed of the water directly set the maximum speed of the runner stone which, in turn, set the rate of milling.
Watermill 
 Blast Furnaces, finery forges, slitting mills, and tinplate works were until the introduction of the steam engine invariably water powered and were sometimes called iron mills.
Watermill 
 Prior to the introduction of the cupola (a reverberatory furnace), lead was usually smelted in smelt mills.
Watermill 
 Paper mills used water not only for motive power but also in large quantities in the manufacturing process.
Coma 
 The family of a coma victim (or whoever has the power of Attorney) can sign papers so that they are taken off of life support and then will die.
Water wheel 
 Water wheels and hydropower was widely used in the Middle Ages, powering most industry in Europe, along with the windmill.
Water wheel 
 The most common use of the water wheel was to mill flour in gristmills, but other uses included foundry work and machining, and pounding linen for use in paper.
Water wheel 
 A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface.
Water wheel 
 Most commonly, the wheel is mounted vertically on a horizontal axle, but the tub or Norse wheel is mounted horizontally on a vertical shaft.
Water wheel 
 Vertical wheels can transmit power either through the axle or via a ring gear and typically drive belts or gears; horizontal wheels usually directly drive their load.
Water wheel 
 A channel created for the water to follow after leaving the wheel is commonly referred to as a "tailrace."
Water wheel 
 The technology of the water wheel had long been known, but it was not put into widespread use until the Middle Ages when an acute shortage of labor made machines such as the water wheel cost effective.
Water wheel 
 However, the water wheels in ancient Rome and ancient China found many practical uses in powering mills for pounding grain and other substances.
Water wheel 
 The Romans used both fixed and floating water wheels and introduced water power to other countries of the Roman Empire.
Water wheel 
 The Romans were known to use waterwheels extensively in mining projects, with enormous Roman-era waterwheels found in places like modern-day Spain.
Water wheel 
 In the 1st century BC, the Greek epigrammatist Antipater of Thessalonica was the first to make a reference to the waterwheel.
Water wheel 
 By at least the 1st century AD, the Chinese of the Eastern Han Dynasty began to use waterwheels to crush grain in mills and to power the piston-bellows in forging iron ore into cast iron.
Water wheel 
 In the text known as the Xin Lun written by Huan Tan about 20 AD (during the usurpation of Wang Mang), it states that the legendary mythological king known as Fu Xi was the one responsible for the pestle and mortar, which evolved into the tilt-hammer and then trip hammer device (see trip hammer).
Water wheel 
 Although the author speaks of the mythological Fu Xi, a passage of his writing gives hint that the waterwheel was in widespread use by the 1st century AD in China.
Water wheel 
 In the year 31 AD, the engineer and Prefect of Nanyang, Du Shi, applied a complex use of the waterwheel and machinery to power the bellows of the blast furnace to create cast iron.
Water wheel 
 The inventor Zhang Heng (78–139) was the first in history to apply motive power in rotating the astronomical instrument of an armillary sphere, by use of a waterwheel.
Water wheel 
 The mechanical engineer Ma Jun (200–265) once used a waterwheel to power and operate a large mechanical puppet theater for Emperor Ming of Wei.
Water wheel 
 Cistercian monasteries, in particular, made extensive use of water wheels to power mills of many kinds.
Water wheel 
 An early example of a very large waterwheel is still extant  at the early 13th century Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda, a Cistercian monastery in the Aragon region of Spain.
Water wheel 
 Grist mills (for corn) were undoubtedly the most common, but there were also sawmills, fulling mills and mills to fulfill many other labor-intensive tasks.
Water wheel 
 This meant that mills often needed to be located far from population centers and away from natural resources.
Water wheel 
 Overshot & pitchback waterwheels are suitable where there is a small stream with a height difference of more than 2 meters, often in association with a small reservoir.
Water wheel 
 The most powerful waterwheel built in the United Kingdom was the 100 hp Quarry Bank Mill Waterwheel near Manchester.
Water wheel 
 Modern Hydro-electric dams can be viewed as the descendants of the water wheel as they too take advantage of the movement of water downhill to turn a wheel.
Favism 
 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (sometimes also called G6PD deficiency, or favism) is a hereditary disease.
Favism 
 There are some means to treat it, though the focus of the doctors now lies on prevention (avoiding parents passing it on to their child).
Favism 
 This condition may result from an allergy to alkaloids in Vicia faba (Faba Bean, Broad bean, Windsor bean).
Hydropower 
 In the 1830s, at the peak of the canal-building era, hydropower was used to transport barge traffic up and down steep hills using inclined plane railroads.
Hydropower 
 For direct mechanical power transmission industries that used hydropower had to be near the waterfall.
Hydropower 
 For example, during the last half of the 19th century, many grist mills were built at Saint Anthony Falls, to use the 50 foot (15 metre) drop in the Mississippi River.
Hydropower 
 Apart from a few countries with plenty of it, hydro power is normally applied to peak load demand because it is readily stopped and started.
Hydropower 
 Nevertheless, hydroelectric power is probably not a major option for future energy production in the developed nations, because most major sites within these nations are either already being exploited or are unavailable for other reasons, such as environmental considerations.
Hydropower 
 Hydropower produces essentially no carbon dioxide or other harmful emissions, in contrast to burning fossil fuels, and is not a significant contributor to global warming through CO2.
Hydropower 
 Hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuel or nuclear energy.
Hydropower 
 Environmental concerns about the effects of reservoirs may prohibit development of economic hydropower sources.
Hydropower 
 Harnessing the tides in a bay or estuary has been achieved in France (since 1966), Canada and Russia, and could be achieved in other areas with a large tidal range.
Hydropower 
 Another possible fault is that the system would generate electricity most efficiently in bursts every six hours (once every tide).
Hydropower 
 A relatively new technology, tidal stream generators draw energy from currents in much the same way that wind generators do.
Hydropower 
 This technology is at the early stages of development and will need more research before it can produce any higher amount of energy.
Hydropower 
 The Canadian company Blue Energy has plans for installing very large arrays tidal current devices mounted in what they call a 'tidal fence' in various locations around the world, based on a vertical axis turbine design.
Hydropower 
 It has been tested that it is possible to produce energy from waves, particularly in Scotland in the UK.
Hydropower 
 A prototype shore based wave power generator is being constructed at Port Kembla in Australia and is expected to generate up to 500 MWh annually.
Hydropower 
 For countries with large coastlines and rough sea conditions, the energy of waves offers the possibility of generating electricity in utility volumes.
Hydropower 
 Micro-hydro power , Adam Harvey, 2004, Intermediate Technology Development Group, retrieved 1 January 2005 from http://www.itdg.org/docs/technical_information_service/micro_hydro_power.pdf .
Hydropower 
 International Centre for Hydropower (ICH) hydropower portal with links to numerous organisations related to hydropower worldwide
Hydropower 
 Practical Action (ITDG)  a UK charity developing micro-hydro power and giving extensive technical documentation.
Hydropower 
 The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Federal Agency that regulates more than 1500 hydropower dams in the United States.
Hydropower 
 Hydropower Reform Coalition A U.S.-based coalition of more than 130 national, state, and local conservation and recreation groups that seek to protect and restore rivers affected by hydropower dams.
South Pacific 
 It includes regions of the Pacific Ocean which lie south of the Equator: Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and parts of Oceania.
Guido von List 
 Guido (von) List (born Karl Anton List; 5 October 1848 in Vienna – 17 May 1919 in Berlin) was an Austrian writer.
Franklins 
 The name of the shops is named after Frank Lindstrom, who started Franklins in 1941 in the city of Sydney in Australia.
Franklins 
 It grew to cover much of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and South Australia with a reputation for low prices on groceries.
Franklins 
 In other stores, people can get fresh food articles as well as food and everyday articles all in the one place.
Franklins 
 Franklins even has a 'bottle shop' inside a few stores where people can get their beer and wine from.
Franklins 
 When Franklins first started, their business philosophy was like Aldi's: No extras, no service, no music and no electronic cash - only articles at extremely low prices or as Franklins had put it: Strictly No Frills.
Franklins 
 It has opened Franklins Family Supermarkets in 2006, independently franchise shops of both Franklins and Pick n Pay.
Hannover 96 
 Hannover 96 is famous for its football (AE: "Soccer") team that has almost always played in the first or second German football league (Except 1996-1998).
Hannover 96 
 In the 1990s Hannover 96 played eight seasons in the second Bundesliga and two years in the third league, the Regionalliga Nord (1996-98).
Hannover 96 
 Some famous players who have been in the team for a long time: Altin Lala Albanian national player, Steven Cherundolo, USA-national player, Robert Enke, former German national goalkeeper.
Hannover 96 
 Former Coaches: Dieter Hecking 2009, Andreas Bergmann 2009, Peter Neururer 2006, Ewald Lienen 2005, Ralf Rangnick 2004, Horst Ehrmanntraut 2001, ......
Water turbine 
 Water turbines were developed in the nineteenth century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids.
Water turbine 
 The word turbine was coined by the French engineer Claude Bourdin in the early 19th century  and is derived from the Latin word for "whirling" or a "vortex".
Water turbine 
 The main difference between early water turbines and water wheels is a  component of the water which passes energy to a spinning rotor.
Water turbine 
 This additional component of motion allowed the turbine to be smaller than a water wheel of the same power.
Water turbine 
 This was an efficient machine (~80%) that sent water through a runner with blades curved in one dimension.
Water turbine 
 In 1844 Uriah A. Boyden developed an outward flow turbine that improved on the performance of the Fourneyron turbine.
Water turbine 
 Inward flow water turbines have a better mechanical arrangement and all modern reaction water turbines are of this design.
Water turbine 
 Also, as the swirling mass of water spins into a tighter rotation, it tries to speed up to conserve energy.
Water turbine 
 Around 1890, the modern fluid bearing was invented, now universally used to support heavy water turbine spindles.
Water turbine 
 It was an evolution of the Francis turbine but revolutionized the ability to develop low-head hydro sites.
Water turbine 
 All common water machines until the late 19th century (including water wheels) were reaction machines; water's pressure head acted on the machine and produced work.
Water turbine 
 In 1866, California millwright Samuel Knight invented a machine that worked off a completely different concept.
Water turbine 
 Inspired by the high pressure jet systems used in hydraulic mining in the gold fields, Knight developed a bucketed wheel which captured the energy of a free jet, which had converted a high head (hundreds of vertical feet in a pipe or penstock) of water to kinetic energy.
Water turbine 
 The water's velocity, roughly twice the velocity of the bucket periphery, does a u-turn in the bucket and drops out of the runner at 0 velocity.
Water turbine 
 In 1879, Lester Pelton, experimenting with a Knight Wheel, developed a double bucket design, which exhausted the water to the side, eliminating some energy loss of the Knight wheel which exhausted some water back against the center of the wheel.
Water turbine 
 In about 1895, William Doble improved on Pelton's half-cylindrical bucket form with an elliptical bucket that included  a cut in it to allow the jet a cleaner bucket entry.
Water turbine 
 Pelton had been quite an effective promoter of his design and although Doble took over the Pelton company he did not change the name to Doble because it had brand name recognition.
Water turbine 
 Since the runner is spinning, the force acts through a distance (force acting through a distance is the definition of  work).
Water turbine 
 Reaction turbines are acted on by water, which changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy.
Water turbine 
 They must be encased to contain the water pressure (or suction), or they must be fully submerged in the water flow.
Water turbine 
 Since the turbine is spinning, the force acts through a distance (work) and the diverted water flow is left with diminished energy.
Water turbine 
 Prior to hitting the turbine blades, the water's pressure (potential energy) is converted to kinetic energy by a nozzle and focused on the turbine.
Water turbine 
 No pressure change occurs at the turbine blades, and the turbine does not require a housing for operation.
Water turbine 
 They can reverse flow and operate as a pump to fill a high reservoir during off-peak electrical hours, and then revert to a turbine for power generation during peak electrical demand.
Water turbine 
 Large modern water turbines operate at mechanical efficiencies greater than 90% (not to be confused with thermodynamic efficiency).
Water turbine 
 Turbine selection is based mostly on the available water head, and less so on the available flow rate.
Water turbine 
 In general, impulse turbines are used for high head sites, and reaction turbines are used for low head sites.
Water turbine 
 Kaplan turbines are well-adapted to wide ranges of flow or head conditions, since their peak efficiency can be achieved over a wide range of flow conditions.
Water turbine 
 Small turbines (mostly under 10 MW) may have horizontal shafts, and even fairly large bulb-type turbines up to 100 MW or so may be horizontal.
Water turbine 
 Very large Francis and Kaplan machines usually have vertical shafts because this  makes best use of the available head, and makes installation of a generator more economical.
Water turbine 
 Pelton wheels may be either vertical or horizontal shaft machines because the size of the machine is so much less than the available head.
Water turbine 
 Some impulse turbines use multiple water jets per runner to increase specific speed and balance shaft thrust.
Water turbine 
 Turbines are designed to run for decades with very little maintenance of the main elements; overhaul intervals are on the order of several years.
Water turbine 
 Maintenance of the runners and parts exposed to water include removal, inspection, and repair of worn parts.
Water turbine 
 Normal wear and tear is pitting from cavitation, fatigue cracking, and abrasion from suspended solids in the water.
Water turbine 
 Old turbine runners may have a significant amount of stainless steel added this way by the end of their lifetime.
Water turbine 
 Other elements requiring inspection and repair during overhauls include bearings, packing box and shaft sleeves, servomotors, cooling systems for the bearings and generator coils, seal rings, wicket gate linkage elements and all surfaces.
Water turbine 
 They are one of the cleanest producers of power, replacing the burning of fossil fuels and eliminating nuclear waste.
Water turbine 
 The rotating blades or gated runners of water turbines can interrupt the natural ecology of rivers, killing fish, stopping migrations, and disrupting peoples' livelihoods.
Water turbine 
 For example, American Indian tribes in the Pacific Northwest had livelihoods built around salmon fishing, but aggressive dam-building destroyed their way of life.
Water turbine 
 Since the late 20th century, it has been possible to construct hydropower systems that divert fish and other organisms away from turbine intakes without significant damage or loss of power; such systems require less cleaning but are substantially more expensive to construct.
Water turbine 
 In the United States, it is now illegal to block the migration of fish so fish ladders must be provided by dam builders.
AWD-Arena 
 The HDI-Arena was built from 1952 to 1954 and called "Niedersachsenstadion" (stadium of lower Saxony) and later "AWD-Arena".
AWD-Arena 
 It was changed for international football championships in 1974 and 1988, especially changing standing room into seats.
AWD-Arena 
 In 2003, it became changed to be used only for football and the name was sold to the German company of AWD.
Renewable energy 
 It is different from fossil fuels as it does not produce as many greenhouse gases and other pollutants as fossil fuel combustion.
Renewable energy 
 People have used traditional wind power, hydropower, biofuel, and solar energy for many centuries, all around the world.
Renewable energy 
 From the end of 2004, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60% annually for many technologies.
Renewable energy 
 For wind power and many other renewable technologies, growth sped up in 2009 relative to the previous four years.
Renewable energy 
 However, grid-connected PV increased the fastest of all renewables technologies, with a 60% annual average growth rate.
Renewable energy 
 Projections vary, but scientists have advanced a plan to power 100% of the world's energy with wind, hydroelectric, and solar power by the year 2030.
Renewable energy 
 Wind power capacity has expanded quickly to 336 GW in June 2014, and wind energy production was about 4% of total worldwide electricity usage, and growing fast.
Renewable energy 
 Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generation in Denmark, 11% in Spain and Portugal, and 9% in the Republic of Ireland.
Renewable energy 
 A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines distributed over an extended area, but the land between the turbines may be used for agricultural or other purposes.
Renewable energy 
 Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity and many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe.
Renewable energy 
 As of December 2010, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW), Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 70 MW), Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park (Spain, 60 MW), the Strasskirchen Solar Park (Germany, 54 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 53 MW).
Renewable energy 
 Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the sun's daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems.
Renewable energy 
 Large solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power installation in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW).
Renewable energy 
 The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world’s largest solar thermal power plant project currently under construction.
Renewable energy 
 The solar thermal power industry is growing fast with 1.2 GW under construction as of April 2009 and another 13.9 GW announced globally through 2014.
Renewable energy 
 Spain is the epicenter of solar thermal power development with 22 projects for 1,037 MW under construction, all of which are projected to come online by the end of 2010.
Renewable energy 
 In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.
Renewable energy 
 Variable renewable energy is a renewable energy source that is non-dispatchable due to its fluctuating nature, like wind power and solar power, as opposed to a controllable renewable energy source such as hydroelectricity, or biomass, or a relatively constant source such as geothermal power or run-of-the-river hydroelectricity.
Renewable energy 
 Critics of wind and solar power warn of their variable output, but many studies have shown that the grid can cope, and it is doing so in Denmark and Spain.
Renewable energy 
 The International Energy Agency says that there has been too much focus on issue of the variability.
Renewable energy 
 Its significance depends on a range of factors which include the market penetration of the renewables concerned, the balance of plant, and the wider connectivity of the system, as well as demand side flexibility.
Renewable energy 
 Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's automotive fuel.
Renewable energy 
 As a result, Brazil, which years ago had to import a large share of the petroleum needed for domestic consumption, recently reached complete self-sufficiency in oil.
Renewable energy 
 Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends.
Renewable energy 
 Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and General Motors Corporation are among the automobile companies that sell “flexible-fuel” cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85).
Aral Sea 
 It is between Kazakhstan in the north and Karakalpakstan, an autonomous region of Uzbekistan, in the south.
Aral Sea 
 The rivers that fed it (the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya) were used by the Soviet Union for irrigating cotton production.
Aral Sea 
 What is left of the Aral Sea is heavily polluted, largely as the result of weapons testing, industrial projects, and fertilizer runoff before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Aral Sea 
 Another problem was that the Island of Rebirth had been used for the testing of biological weapons until 1993.
Radiation 
 In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
Radiation 
 Originally, radiation waves do not contain particles as they are transferred to Earth by the Sun for example.
Radiation 
 The electromagnetic spectrum shows the types of radiation according to their wavelength and frequency.