the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
James Watt 
 The famous partnership was transferred to the men's sons, Matthew Robinson Boulton and James Watt Jr. Longtime firm engineer William Murdoch was soon made a partner and the firm prospered.
1267 
 February 16 – King Afonso III of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile sign the Badajoz Convention, figuring out the border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Leon, and ensuring Portuguese sovereignty over Algarve.
1267 
 May 27 – Treaty of Viterbo: Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople gifts the Principality of Achaea to King Charles I of Sicily in the hope that Charles can help him restore the Latin Empire.
1267 
 The Second Barons' War in England ends, as the rebels and King Henry III of England agree to peace terms as laid out in the Dictum of Kenilworth.
1267 
 Treaty of Montgomery: King Henry III of England acknowledges Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's title of Prince of Wales.
1267 
 Roger Bacon completes his work Opus Majus and sends it to Pope Clement IV, who had requested it be written; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of mathematics, optics, alchemy, astronomy, astrology, and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glass.
1267 
 The only source for his date of birth is his statement in the Opus Tertium, written in 1267, that "forty years have passed since I first learned the alphabet".
1267 
 The 1214 birth date assumes he was not being literal, and meant 40 years had passed since he matriculated at Oxford at the age of 13.
1267 
 The leadership of Vienna forces Jews to wear Pileum cornutum,a cone-shaped head dress, in addition to the yellow badges Jews are already forced to wear.
1267 
 In England, the Statute of Marlborough is passed, the oldest English law still (partially) in force.
1267 
 The "Grand Capital" is constructed in Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing) by Kublai Khan, having moved the capital of the Mongol Empire there three years prior.
1267 
 Spain attempts an invasion of Morocco, but the Marinids successfully defended against the invasion and drive out Spanish forces.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer.
Michelangelo 
 Along with Leonardo da Vinci, he is often called a "Renaissance Man" which means that he had great talent in many areas.
Michelangelo 
 They include two very famous marble statues, the Pieta in Saint Peter's Basilica and David which once stood in a plazza in Florence but is now in the Accademia Gallery.
Michelangelo 
 Because he was so famous, he became the very first artist to have his biography (story of his life) published while he was still living.
Michelangelo 
 Other artists said that he had terribilità, (his works were so grand and full of strong emotion that they were scary).
Michelangelo 
 His father was Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti di Simoni, and his mother was Francesca di Neri del Miniato di Siena.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo's father had lost most of the bank’s money, so he worked for the local government in the town of Chiusi.
Michelangelo 
 As he was sickly, Michelangelo was sent to live on a small farm with a stonecutter and his wife and family.
Michelangelo 
 Many years later Michelangelo said that the two things that had helped him to be a good artist were being born in the gentle countryside of Arezzo and being raised in a house where, along with his nurse's milk, he was given the training to use a chisel and hammer.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo’s father then brought him back to Florence and sent him to study with a tutor, Francesco da Urbino.
Michelangelo 
 In a large workshop such as Ghirlandaio’s, artists would have been working in all sorts of different media, including sculpture, metalwork and painting altarpieces.
Michelangelo 
 When Michelangelo was only fourteen, his father persuaded Ghirlandaio to pay his apprentice as an artist, which was highly unusual at the time.
Michelangelo 
 They had an academy where some of the most famous philosophers, poets, and artists met to share their ideas.
Michelangelo 
 In 1489, Lorenzo de' Medici, the head of the family, asked Ghirlandaio to send his two best pupils to the academy.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo and another young sculptor called Pietro Torrigiano studied sculpture under Bertoldo di Giovanni.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo had an argument with Torrigiano, who punched him on the nose so that it was badly broken and spoilt his appearance for the rest of his life.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo asked the prior at the Church of Santo Spirito to allow him to study the anatomy of the bodies of people who had died at the church’s hospital.
Michelangelo 
 In 1493, as a “thank-you” gift to the prior, Michelangelo carved a large wooden Crucifix which still hangs in the church.
Michelangelo 
 His strong preaching caused people to burn their books, throw away their jewellery and chase the rich families out of the city.
Michelangelo 
 When things calmed down in Florence, Michelangelo returned and worked for another member of the Medici family,  Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco de' Medici.
Michelangelo 
 Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco told Michelangelo that it looked just like a real  Ancient Roman statue and said that if he made it dirty and knocked a few chips off, someone would pay a lot of money for it.
Michelangelo 
 The Cardinal wanted Michelangelo to make a marble statue, larger than life-size,  of Bacchus, the Ancient Roman God of wine.
Michelangelo 
 He carved Bacchus as a young man who was quite drunk and looked as if he was staggering as he raised his cup to make a toast.
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo’s next important commission was from the French Ambassador who asked him to make a statue of the Virgin Mary mourning over the dead body of her son Jesus.
Michelangelo 
 This type of artwork, either a painting or a statue, is called by the Italian name “Pieta” (say: “Pe-ay-ta”).
Michelangelo 
 Giorgio Vasari  wrote: "It is a miracle that a shapeless block of stone could have been carved away to make something so perfect that even nature could hardly have made it better, using real human flesh."
Michelangelo 
 Many years earlier the Guild of Woolworkers had commissioned some artists to make statues of the heroes of the city.
Michelangelo 
 A sculptor called Agostino di Duccio had started carving a huge statue of  David, the hero of the Bible story of David and Goliath.
Michelangelo 
 The statue shows a young man, naked in the way that statues of ancient gods were made, just pausing for a moment and looking with fierce eyes at the huge soldier Goliath that he is about to kill.
Michelangelo 
 It was to stand inside a church and have many carved figures which were to include several slaves to hold up part of the tomb and Old Testament prophets to sit in niches (openings in the walls).
Michelangelo 
 He made a magnificent statue of Moses  which is now in the Church of San Pietro in Vincoli (St. Peter in Chains) in Rome.
Michelangelo 
 The main reason that Pope Julius' tomb was not finished was that the Pope had an idea for another artwork.
Michelangelo 
 The Sistine Chapel near St. Peter's Basilica had its walls painted by some famous artists from Florence.
Michelangelo 
 He told the Pope that he would do it "for God" and that he would only do it if the Pope let him paint it "in his own way".
Michelangelo 
 Seven of them were men from the Old Testament but the other five were women and did not come from the Bible.
Michelangelo 
 On the middle of the ceiling, instead of painting a starry sky, Michelangelo painted scenes from the Bible telling the story of Creation and the downfall of humanity.
Michelangelo 
 The ceiling was so famous that many artists tried to copy the way that Michelangelo had arranged and painted the figures.
Michelangelo 
 He gave Michelangelo several jobs in Florence, including designing the Medici Chapel to hold the tombs of his family members.
Michelangelo 
 Although not all the tombs were built, Michelangelo finished seven large statues including a "Madonna and Child".
Michelangelo 
 Michelangelo was so upset at the behaviour of the Medici that he left his beloved city and never went back.
Michelangelo 
 Pope Clement VII called Michelangelo back to the Sistine Chapel to paint the wall behind the altar with a huge scene of The Last Judgement.
Michelangelo 
 At the centre it shows Jesus, surrounded by saints, sitting in judgement over the people of the Earth.
Michelangelo 
 Some of the cardinals in the church said that it was wicked to paint saints, including the Virgin Mary, with no clothes on.
Michelangelo 
 There was a long argument about this because some people said that God had created everyone naked, so clothes would not be needed in Heaven.
Michelangelo 
 After Michelangelo's death another artist, Daniele da Volterra was called in to paint drapes on the figures.
Michelangelo 
 He immediately improved the plan, had important parts made much stronger, and designed a huge dome, taller than any other domes in the world.
Michelangelo 
 He died before it was completed, but he left drawings and models so that the next architect, Giacomo della Porta, could finish what he had started.
Michelangelo 
 The dome of St. Peter's Basilica still stands as one of the greatest monuments of Christianity, and as a symbol of the city of Rome.
Michelangelo 
 When Michelangelo died, his body was taken back to Florence and buried in the Basilica of Santa Croce (Church of the Holy Cross).
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian man who lived in the time of the Renaissance.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He is famous for his paintings, but he was also a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician, and a writer.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 The art historian Helen Gardner said that no-one has ever been quite like him because he was interested in so many things that he seems to have had the mind of a giant, and yet what he was like as a person is still a mystery.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Two of his pictures are among the best-known paintings in the world: the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Some of his ideas were a helicopter, a tank, a calculator, a parachute, a robot, a telephone, evolution, and solar power.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo was born on 15 April 1452, in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci, in the valley of the Arno River.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo's full name was "Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci", which means "Leonardo, the son of Messer (Mister) Pierdaom Vinci".
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Then he lived at Vinci with his father, his father's new wife Albiera, his grandparents and uncle, Francesco.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He remembered that when he was lying outside in his cradle a large bird flew from the sky and hovered over him.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1466, when Leonardo was fourteen, his father took him to Florence, to be an apprentice to the artist Verrocchio.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 The church of St John had doors that gleamed with gold and were said to be the most beautiful doors in the world.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Another church had statues all around it by the most famous sculptors, including one by Leonardo's teacher Verrocchio.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 They had built themselves the finest palace in Florence, and liked buying paintings, statues and other beautiful things.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo was learning to be an artist, so he had to learn drawing, painting, sculpting and model making.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 While he was at the workshop, he was able to learn all sorts of other useful skills: chemistry, metallurgy, metal working, plaster casting, leather working, mechanics and carpentry.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He gave Leonardo the job of painting one of the angels holding Jesus' robe on the left side of the picture.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Vasari said that Leonardo painted the angel so beautifully that Verrocchio put down his brush and never painted again.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 When the painting is examined closely it is possible to see that many other parts of the picture, such as the rocks, the brown stream and the background may have been painted by Leonardo as well.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In about 1472, when he was twenty, Leonardo joined the Guild of St Luke, an organisation of artists and doctors of medicine.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Even after his father set him up in his own workshop, Leonardo still enjoyed working at Verrocchio's workshop.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 When Vasari writes about Leonardo, he uses words like "noble", "generous", "graceful" and "beautiful".
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1478, he had an important commission to paint an altarpiece for the Monks of San Donato a Scopeto.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo wrote a letter to the Duke of Milan, telling him about all the clever and useful things that he could do, like making war machines.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In Leonardo's note books are drawings of theatre costumes, amazing helmets and scenes that might be for the theatre.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo, like most other well-known artists of his time, had servants, young students and older assistants in his workshop.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 But he was such a difficult and dishonest boy that Leonardo called him "Salai" or "Salaino" which means "the little devil".
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo wrote in his notebook that Salai was very greedy, that he was a liar and that he had stolen things from the house at least five times.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo's most important work for Duke Ludovico was to make a huge statue of the previous ruler, Francesco Sforza, on horseback.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1494, Ludovico gave the bronze to be made into cannons because the French army was invading Milan.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 One was to do an oil painting to go in a big altarpiece for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He left one with the monks in Milan, and took the other painting to France where it is now in the Louvre Museum.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 There is a story (which is not in the Bible but is part of Christian tradition) about how the baby John and the baby Jesus met on the road to Egypt.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo tells the story of the surprise and upset that this caused to the twelve followers of Jesus.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Vasari said that Leonardo was worried because he did not think that he could paint the face of Jesus well enough.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Even though in some places the paint has fallen right off the wall, the painting is so popular that it is printed and copied more that any other religious painting in the world.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Because Venice is a city on many islands, Leonardo tried to think of ways to defend the city from a naval attack.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1500, Leonardo went back to Florence, taking his "household" of servants and apprentices with him.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 2005, some buildings which were used by the Department of Military Geography were being restored.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Vasari says that everyone was so amazed by the beautiful drawing that "men and women, young and old" came in large groups to see it "as if they were attending a great festival".
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Even though it is old and faded and is kept in a dark room, people go to the gallery to sit in front of it every day. .
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1502 and 1503, Leonardo worked for Cesare Borgia, a powerful noble who was the son of Pope Alexander VI.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 The Signoria (Town Council) of the City of Florence wanted two large frescos painted on the walls of the most important room of the Signoria Palace.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In about 1503 Leonardo began painting the portrait of a woman known as Mona Lisa, the most famous portrait that has ever been painted.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 When a person wants to read another person's feelings, they look at the corners of their mouth and eyes.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 But Leonardo has painted soft shadows in the corners of Mona Lisa's mouth and eyes, to disguise her expression.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Vasari said that the picture was so beautifully painted that every other artist who looked at it thought that they could never paint so well.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In 1506, Leonardo went back to Milan with his pupils, and lived in his own house in Porta Orientale.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Boltraffio (and the others) painted many Madonna and Child pictures which can still be seen in art galleries and churches.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Melzi never became a very good painter, but he loved Leonardo and stayed with him until the day he died.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 The three greatest painters of the High Renaissance, Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael were all working in Rome at the same time.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Raphael was a very clever young painter who learnt a lot by looking at the pictures painted by Leonardo and Michelangelo.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo spent the last three years of his life at Clos Lucé, with his faithful friend and apprentice, Count Melzi.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 When Leonardo was dying, he asked for a priest to come, so that he could make his confession and receive Holy Communion.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo also remembered his other pupil Salai and his servant Battista di Vilussis, who each received half of Leonardo's vineyards near Milan.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 King Francis said: "There had never been another man born in the world who knew as much as Leonardo, not so much about painting, sculpture and architecture, as that he was a very great philosopher."
Leonardo da Vinci 
 One of these paintings is the large beautiful drawing of the Madonna and Child with St Anne and St John the Baptist that is now in the National Gallery, London.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 One study shows a very detailed perspective drawing of the ruined buildings in the background of the painting of the Magi.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 The earliest drawing by Leonardo that has a date on it, is a Landscape of the Arno Valley, 1473, which shows the river, the mountains, Montelupo Castle and the farmlands beyond it in great detail.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He drew the things that he saw and the discoveries that he made into his notebooks, and made notes about them.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 In those days pens were made from a quill (a large feather) that was cut with a pen-knife on the end.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 It is hard for a left-handed person to write with a quill in the ordinary way, but quite easy to write backwards.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 There is a page with drawings and writing about the human heart and a page about the womb and the fetus.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 They are nearly all in museums or libraries such as Windsor Castle, the Louvre, and the British Library.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 He drew many careful pictures which were used by the mathematician Luca Pacioli in a book called De Divina Proportione.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 War machines such as an armour-plated tank, an enormous cross bow and a horrible horse-driven leg-chopper.
Leonardo da Vinci 
 Leonardo da Vinci, a biography with description of his major works, written for children; Tamsyn Taylor, 2020
1885 
 The Times reports that "A lady well known in literary and scientific circles" has been cremated by the Cremation Society in Woking, Surrey.
1885 
 William Stanley, Jr. builds the first practical alternating current transformer device, the induction coil.
Platinum 
 In chemistry, platinum is element number 78, and its atoms have an atomic weight of 195 a.m.u.. The symbol for platinum is Pt, from Spanish platina meaning "little silver".
Platinum 
 Platinum is very malleable and ductile, which means it can be hammered into thin sheets and it can be pulled into wire.
List of rock types 
 S Concretion – a concretion is a rock in which a mineral cement fills the spaces between the sediment grains.
List of rock types 
 S Coquina – a sedimentary carbonate rock formed by accumulation of abundant shell fossils and fragments
List of rock types 
 I Plutonic rocks – intrusive rocks that crystallized from magma slowly cooling below the surface of the Earth.
List of rock types 
 I Syenite – a plutonic rock dominated by orthoclase feldspar; a type of granitoivolcanic rock; can be a generic term
Mineral 
 Minerals are usually solid, inorganic, have a crystal structure, and form naturally by geological processes.
Mineral 
 "A mineral is a homogeneous (which means composed of parts or elements that are all of the same kind) naturally occurring substance with a definite but not necessarily fixed chemical composition.
Mineral 
 Most minerals are solids with an ordered atomic arrangement, and most are inorganic in the chemical sense of that word".
Mineral 
 A few substances with the same chemical composition as minerals can be produced by living creatures as part of their shells or bones.
Mineral 
 However, it is difficult to see why an organic substance should not be called a mineral if its chemical nature and its crystalline structure is identical with its inorganic twin.
Mineral 
 The mineral halite, which is used as table salt, forms when water evaporates in a hot, shallow part of the ocean, leaving behind the salt it contained.
Mineral 
 Talc, a mineral that can be used to make baby powder, forms deep in Earth as high pressure and temperature causes changes in solid rock.
Mineral 
 The extraordinary thing is, that most minerals owe their formation to life, or at least to the Great Oxygenation Event. "
Mineral 
 Sturdy minerals rather than fragile organic remains may provide the most robust and lasting signs of biology".
Mineral 
 For example, a golf ball has a smaller volume than a baseball, and a baseball has a smaller volume than a basketball.
Mineral 
 Each mineral has a definite chemical makeup: it consists of a specific combination of atoms of certain elements.
Mineral 
 All the minerals in this group contain oxygen and silicon—the two most common elements in Earth's crust—joined together.
Mineral 
 Sulphates commonly form in evaporites where highly salty waters slowly evaporate, allowing sulfates and halides to precipitate where the water evaporates.
Kim Jong-il 
 Kim Jong-il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim (according to the Soviet Union's records) (, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the Supreme Leader of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) from the time of his father's death in 1994 until his own death in 2011.
Kim Jong-il 
 Official North Korean propaganda said that Jong-il was born on Mount Paektu (a holy mountain in Korea); but most historians think that he was born near Chabarowsk in the Soviet Union.
Kim Jong-il 
 His official title was "Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea", "Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army" and "General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea".
Kim Jong-il 
 He was well known for his love of movies and luxury goods, especially caviar and Hennessey brand cognac, even though North Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world.
Kim Jong-il 
 Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright once gave Jong-il a present of a basketball signed by Michael Jordan when he visited North Korea because Jong-il was a fan of the National Basketball Association and of Michael Jordan.
Kim Jong-il 
 On the morning of 17 December 2011, at the age of 69 or 70,  Jong-il died of a heart attack while traveling.
Kim Jong-il 
 His funeral was held on 28 December, and as a result, Kim Jong-un was then elected as the new leader of North Korea.
Kim Jong-il 
 On 13 April 2012, Kim Jong-il was made Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission and Eternal General Secretary of the Workers Party of Korea.
Silver 
 When it is used in money or in jewellery, it is often mixed with gold or some other metal to make it harder.
Silver 
 Silver is very malleable, and ductile, which means it can be pulled into wire or hammered into thin sheets.
Silver 
 Silver has been used for many thousands of years by people all over the world, for jewellery, as money, and many other things.
Silver 
 Colloidal silver, a common homeopathic remedy, is not toxic in normal amounts, but it does not do much.
Silver 
 The silver saved up in the world is running out very quickly because more of it has been used each year than the amount mined in each year since 1990.