the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
The Raven 
 It is often called Poe's most famous poem, its publication made him famous in his day, and today it is still one of the most recognized and respected poems in American literature.
Mayan civilization 
 They were good at art, building, and  Their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
Mayan civilization 
 The Maya civilization spread all the way from central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador.
Mayan civilization 
 The Conquistadors arrived in the 15th century and took over Mexico and later Central America, even in the Mayan areas.
Mayan civilization 
 The people of the Maya civilization lived in three different areas: the southern Maya highlands, the central lowlands, and the northern lowlands.
Mayan civilization 
 People living in the low plains by the sea were affected by hurricanes and tropical storms from the Caribbean.
Mayan civilization 
 The area covered what we now call the southern Mexican states of Chiapas and Tabasco, and the Yucatán Peninsula states of Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán.
Mayan civilization 
 Many of the most important early examples of writing and buildings appeared in north, so these cultures probably affected the Maya civilization.
Mayan civilization 
 From about 250 to 909, the Maya civilization built many monuments and cities, and made many important carvings.
Mayan civilization 
 Like Ancient Greece, their civilization was made up of numerous cities, which all worked in different ways.
Mayan civilization 
 Their most famous monuments are the pyramids they built as part of their religious centers, and the palaces.
Mayan civilization 
 These slabs show rulers along with hieroglyphic writing describing their family, military victories, and other things that they did well.
Mayan civilization 
 They traded with many other Mesoamerican cultures, such as Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, and other groups in central and gulf-coast Mexico.
Mayan civilization 
 For example, people who study the Maya civilization found gold from Panama in the Sacred well at Chichen Itza.
Mayan civilization 
 Between 900 AD and 1000 AD, the cities in the southern lowlands had more and more problems until all the people left.
Mayan civilization 
 They have many different ideas - some people think there was a big environmental disaster, or a disease affected a lot of people, or there were just too many people for the amount of food they could grow.
Mayan civilization 
 At some point, the families who ruled over Chichen and Uxmal got weaker and the rulers in the city of Mayapan ruled all of the Mayan civilization in the Yucatán peninsula until there was a revolt in 1450.
Mayan civilization 
 After the revolt, the whole area broke up into different cities who fought against each other,  until the Spanish conquest of Yucatán.
Mayan civilization 
 The Itza Maya, Ko'woj, and Yalain groups around what is now Guatamela were still around, but there were not very many of them.
Mayan civilization 
 The Itza had their capital at Tayasal (also known as Noh Petén), and people who study the Maya civlisation think what's left of this city is below the modern city of Flores, Guatemala on Lake Petén Itzá.
Mayan civilization 
 It talks about the creation of the world, the Mayan gods and goddesses, how humans and animals were created and why the Quiché kingdom was the best one in the Maya civilization.
Mayan civilization 
 It took them a long time (170 years) to finish doing this because the Mayans had no capital city and each city had a different culture.
Mayan civilization 
 The last Mayan states, the Itza city of Tayasal and the Ko'woj city of Zacpeten, still had people living in them late into the 17th century.
Mayan civilization 
 The site is run by the Vanderbilt Upper Pasion Archaeological Cave Survey and is intended to be a resource for students and researchers in Guatemala and working in caves in Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 Looking at the history of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica one can see some rather different periods  between the first humans and the early Colonial period (which followed the Spanish colonization of the Americas) in the end.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 The Paleo-Indian (not so often Lithic) period or era is that which begins with the first signs of human presence in the region and leads to agriculture and other practices (e.g. pottery, permanent settlements) characteristic of proto-civilizations.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 That were the Olmec civilization, the early Zapotec, Monte Alto Culture in Guatemala's pacifc lowlands, and Maya civilization.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 During this time the cities of the Maya southern lowlands, such as Tikal, Palenque, and Copán have their greatest era.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 The Classic Era ended earlier in Central Mexico, with the fall of Teotihuacan around the 7th century, than it did in the Maya area, which continued for centuries more.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 Around this time, many southern lowland sites (most notably in Tikal) experienced a short period of limited decline, called the Middle Classic Hiatus.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 In the early 20th century, the term Old Empire was sometimes given to this era of Maya civilization in an analogy to Ancient Egypt; the term is now considered inaccurate and has long been out of use by serious writers on the subject.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 Many of the great nations and cities of the Classic Era collapsed, but some continue, such as in Oaxaca, Cholula, and the Maya of Yucatán, such as at Chichen Itza and Uxmal.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 The Aztec Empire rises in the early 15th century and seems on the path to gain a dominance over the whole region not seen since Teotihuacan, when Mesoamerica is discovered by Spain and conquered by the Conquistadores.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 The late florescence of the northern Maya was sometimes called the New Empire in the early 20th century, but this term is no longer considered appropriate and is no longer used.
Mesoamerican chronology 
 Arguably, the Post-Classic continued until the conquest of the last independent native state of Mesoamerica, Tayasal, in 1697.
Beck 
 Beck Hansen (better known as simply Beck) (born Bek David Campbell, July 8, 1970 in Los Angeles, California) is an American singer, musician, and multi-instrumentalist.
Beck 
 He is known for folky rock music, unusual lyrics, and post-modern arrangements, which has made him one of the most outstanding in 1990s alternative rock.
Beck 
 Beck is known for including various styles of music into his songs, including folk music, electronica, indie music, techno, rock music, and alternative music, among others.
Prime Meridian 
 The Prime Meridian is the meridian (line of longitude) that goes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich in London it is also known as the International Meridian or Greenwich Meridian.
Prime Meridian 
 Lines like this are not actually lines on the ground, but are ways of saying where a place is on the globe.
Prime Meridian 
 Such is the Meridian's fame that each year, hundreds of thousands of visitors from all around the world make their way to the Observatory to stand astride the Line.
Prime Meridian 
 On its path from pole to pole, the Meridian passes through England, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, Ghana and Antarctica.
Retirement 
 People may retire when they reach a certain age, or if they get sick or have an accident, or even for their own choice.
Trdat the Architect 
 Trdat the Architect (c. 950-1020) (Armenian: Տրդատ ճարտարապետ), known in Latin as Tiridates, was chief architect of the Bagratuni Dynasty of Armenia.
Trdat the Architect 
 After a great earthquake in 989 destroyed the dome of Hagia Sophia, the Byzantine officials sent Trdat to Byzantium to organize repairs.
Byzantium 
 The city became the center of the Byzantine Empire, (the Greek-speaking Roman Empire of late Antiquity and the Middle Ages), but at that time it was already called Constantinople.
Byzantium 
 It tells that a certain Byzas from Megara (a town near Athens), founded Byzantium, when he sailed northeast across the Aegean Sea.
Byzantium 
 But when he came upon the Bosporus he realized what it meant: on the Asiatic shore was a Greek city, Chalcedon.
Byzantium 
 It was they who must have been blind because they had not seen that obviously superior land was just a half mile away on the other side of the Bosporus.
Byzantium 
 When it fought with Pescennius Niger against the victorious Septimius Severus, the city was besieged by Roman forces and suffered extensive damage in 196 AD.
Byzantium 
 Byzantium was rebuilt by Septimius Severus, when he had become emperor, and quickly regained its earlier prosperity.
Byzantium 
 When Roman Emperor Constantine I decided to move his capital to the Eastern part of the Roman Empire he chose the place of Byzantion because of its strategical value.
Byzantium 
 It remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, which was later called the Byzantine Empire by historians.
Byzantium 
 Following the legend the citizens of Byzantium claimed the crescent moon as their state symbol, after an important victory in 340 BC.
Byzantium 
 However, the origin of the crescent and star as a symbol dates back much earlier - to ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt.
Byzantium 
 Byzantine Papers: Proceedings of the First Australian Byzantine Studies Conference, Canberra, 17-19 May 1978.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The eagle and lion are ancient Armenian symbols dating from the first Armenian kingdoms that existed prior to Christ.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 On 15 June 2006, the law on the state coat of arms of Armenia was passed by the Armenian Parliament.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 According to tradition, the ark is said to have finally rested on the mountain after the great flood.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Ararat is considered the national symbol of Armenia and so is of significant importance to the coat of arms.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 In the lower left portion of the shield, there are two eagles looking at each other, symbolizing the length of the Armenian territory during the reign of the Artaxiad Dynasty that ruled in the 1st century BC.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 In the upper left portion, there is a lion with a cross, the emblem for the Bagratuni dynasty that ruled during the Middle Ages, between 7th and 11th centuries.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Under this dynasty, Armenia blossomed culturally, making its capital, Ani, one of the most important cultural, social and commercial centers of its time.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Bagratuni was destroyed by the Byzantine Empire's encroachment and by Seljuk invasions in the 11th century AD.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 In the upper right portion, there is a two-headed eagle, the emblem of the first dynasty to reign over a Christian Armenia, the Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 This dynasty reigned in Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, a state that expanded and prospered during the 12th and 13th centuries, until the Mamelukes and Turks eventually conquered it.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The eagle supports the shield on the left side of the coat of arms, while the lion on the right side.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The eagle was the symbol of the Artaxiad Dynasty and later on the symbol of the Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Whereas, the lion was the symbol of the Bagratuni Dynasty and later on the symbol of the Rubenid Dynasty.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Both of these animals were chosen because of their power, courage, patience, wisdom, and nobility in animal kingdom.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The present-day Armenian coat of arms has its origins with the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) in 1918.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The symbols on this earlier version were placed in a slightly different order and the eagle and lion have their tongues out, giving them a more menacing look.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 It's also worthy to note that only Mount Ararat (along with Little Ararat) are depicted while Noah's Ark is absent.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The coat of arms was designed by architect and member of the Russian Academy of Fine Arts Alexander Tamanian (best known for his work on Yerevan's city plan) and artist Hakob Kojoyan.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The coat of arms of the Transcaucasian SFSR was adopted by the government of the Transcaucasian SFSR.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 It incorporates designs from each of the three major groups that combined in the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Armenians, Azeri and Georgians, and unusually features Islamic art and communist elements side by side.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The latticework in the star itself bespeaks the former coat of arms of Georgia from 1918-1921 and adopted again from 1991-2004; the crescent moon represents the Muslim Azeris, on a background depicting the national symbol of the Armenians, Mount Ararat.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 Like the DRA coat of arms, this coat showed Mount Ararat along with the Soviet hammer and sickle and red star behind it.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The inclusion of Ararat brought objections from Turkey because the mountain is part of its territory.
Coat of arms of Armenia 
 The Kremlin retorted that although the Turkish symbol was the crescent, it did not mean that they laid claim to the moon.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 The Arsacid Dynasty or (sometimes called the Arshakuni Dynasty) ruled the Kingdom of Armenia from 54 to 428.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 They started as a branch of the Parthian Arsacids but became a distinctly Armenian dynasty later on.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 Arsacid Kings reigned intermittently throughout the chaotic years after the fall of the Artaxiad Dynasty until 62 when Tiridates I of Armenia secured Arsacid rule in Armenia.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 An independent line of Kings was established by Vologases II of Armenia (Valarses/Vagharshak) in 180.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 Two of the most notable events under Arsacid rule in Armenian history were the conversion of Armenia to Christianity by St. Gregory the Illuminator in 301 and the creation of the Armenian alphabet by Mesrop Mashtots in 405.
Arsacid Dynasty of Armenia 
 The heritage of Armenian literature Vol.1 - by A. J. (Agop Jack) Hacikyan, Nourhan Ouzounian, Edward S. Franchuk, Gabriel Basmajian
Hakob Kojoyan 
 Hakob Kojoyan was awarded the designation of "People's Artist of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic."
Hakob Kojoyan 
 He helped Armenian architect Alexander Tamanian to create the coat of arms for the Democratic Republic of Armenia.
Hakob Kojoyan 
 At age 20 he went to study art in Munich, Germany, and in 1905 went to the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in Russia, where he studied for two years.
Alexander Tamanian 
 Alexander Tamanian (, March 4, 1878, Yekaterinodar - February 20, 1936, Yerevan) was an Armenian neoclassical architect, who is remembered today for his work in the city of Yerevan.
Ani 
 It was once the capital of a medieval Armenian kingdom that covered much of present-day Armenia and eastern Turkey.
Ani 
 At the height of its great times, Ani had a population of 100,000 - 200,000 people and was the rival of Constantinople, Baghdad and Cairo.
Ani 
 Long ago renowned for its splendor and magnificence, Ani has been abandoned and largely forgotten for centuries.
Ani 
 They describe it as a strong fortress built on a hilltop and a possession of the Armenian Kamsarakan dynasty.
Ani 
 By the early 9th century the former territories of the Kamsarakans in Arsharunik and Shirak (including Ani) had been incorporated into the territories of the Armenian Bagratuni dynasty.
Ani 
 Their leader, Ashot Msaker (Ashot the Meateater) (806-827) was given the title of ishkhan (prince) of Armenia by the Caliphate in 804.
Ani 
 These include a convent known as the Virgins' chapel; a church used by Chalcedonian Armenians; the remains of a single-arched bridge over the Arpa river; the ruins of numerous oil-presses and several bath houses; the remains of a second mosque with a collapsed minaret; a palace that probably dates from the 13th century; the foundations of several other palaces and smaller residences; the recently excavated remains of several streets lined with shops; etc.
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic 
 On 1 December 1920, the Prime Minister Simon Vratsian handed over control of the country to the Communist Party of Armenia.
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic 
 The modern Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991 during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Extinct language 
 An extinct language is a language that no longer is the first language or the second language of anyone.
Extinct language 
 The opposite of a modern language, an extinct language is not spoken anymore and so no longer develops or changes.
Extinct language 
 It is not to be confused with a dead language, such as Latin, which is still spoken as a second language.
Extinct language 
 Ahantchuyuk, Luckimute, Mary's River, and Lower McKenzie River dialects: last speakers were about 6 persons who were all over 60 in 1937
Extinct language 
 Kitanemuk (an Uto-Aztecan language): Marcelino Rivera, Isabella Gonzales, Refugia Duran (last recorded 1937)
Extinct language 
 Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (an Athabaskan language): children of the last speakers remembered a few words, recorded in 1935 & 1942
Extinct language 
 Takelma: Molly Orton (or Molly Orcutt) & Willie Simmons (both not fully fluent) last recorded in 1934
Extinct language 
 Tataviam (an Uto-Aztecan language): Juan José Fustero who remembered only a few words of his grandparents' language (recorded 1913)
Extinct language 
 all dialects of Upper Chinook (a Chinookan language) are extinct, except for the Wasco-Wishram dialect.
Extinct language 
 Linguist List - List of Ancient and Extinct Languages &A list of ancient and extinct languages with temporary codes
Armenian Americans 
 During the 2009 Census in the United States, 1,270,000 Americans indicated either full or partial Armenian ancestry.
Armenian Americans 
 However, the influx was intensified when over 100,000 Armenian refugees came after World War I to flee the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire.
Thomas Cavendish 
 He was known as "the Navigator" because he led the third expedition to travel around (circumnavigate) the globe.
Thomas Cavendish 
 Magellan and Francis Drake were the first two to circumnavigate the globe, but they did not intend to do so.
William Saroyan 
 William Saroyan () (August 31, 1908 - May 18, 1981) was an American author who wrote many plays and short stories about growing up impoverished as the son of Armenian immigrants.
William Saroyan 
 Saroyan grew up in Fresno, the center of Armenian-Americans in California, where many of his works are set (although he sometimes gave the city a fictional name).
William Saroyan 
 Asked how to say his name, he told The Literary Digest "In Armenian it is sor-row'yan, accent on row.
William Saroyan 
 His father moved to New Jersey in 1905 - he was a small vineyard owner, who had been educated as a Presbyterian minister.
William Saroyan 
 At the age of four, William Saroyan was placed in the Fred Finch Orphanage in Oakland, California, together with his brother and sister - an experience he later described in his writing.
William Saroyan 
 Five years later the family reunited in Fresno, where his mother, Takoohi, had obtained work in a cannery.
William Saroyan 
 "I should like to see any power of the world destroy this race, this small tribe of unimportant people, whose wars have all been fought and lost, whose structures have crumbled, literature is unread, music is unheard, and prayers are no more answered.
Raphael Lemkin 
 Before World War II, Lemkin was interested in the Armenian Genocide and campaigned in the League of Nations to ban what he called "barbarity" and "vandalism".
Raphael Lemkin 
 He is best known for his work against genocide, a word he coined in 1943 from the root words genos (Greek for family, tribe or race) and -cide (Latin for killing).
Raphael Lemkin 
 Lemkin died of a heart attack at the public relations office of Milton H. Blow in New York City in 1959, at the age of 59.
Spanish colonization of the Americas 
 The Spanish colonization of the Americas began with the arrival in America of Christopher Columbus (Cristóbal Colón) in 1492.
Spanish colonization of the Americas 
 The Spanish expanded their territories in America over the years until they included Central America, most of South America, Mexico, the South of what today is Southern United States, the Western part of what today is the United States, the Southwestern part of what today is British Columbia in Canada, and even reaching Alaska.
Spanish colonization of the Americas 
 At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Spanish possessions in America began a series of independence movements, which led to the complete separation from Spain by the mid 1820's of Mexico, and the colonies in Central and South America.
Spanish colonization of the Americas 
 The remaining Spanish colonies, Cuba and Puerto Rico, were lost in 1898 as a consequence of the Spanish-American War
Conquistador 
 A Conquistador (English: Conqueror; : Conquistadores, or Conquistadors) was a Spanish soldier, explorer and adventurer.
Conquistador 
 The Conquistadors invaded and conquered much of the Americas and the Philippines Islands and other islands in Asia Pacific.
Conquistador 
 Their conquests brought these lands under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 17th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement by Christopher Columbus in what is now the Bahamas.
Conquistador 
 Between 1520 and 1521, Cortés, along with native enemies of the Aztecs, conquered the mighty Aztec Empire.
Shushanik Kurghinian 
 Although a socialist with some stirring poems of labour's rebellion to her name, she remained a dim star even in the Soviet era.
Shushanik Kurghinian 
 Shushanik Kurghinian was born on August 18, 1876, in Alexandrapol, in the Yerevan province of Eastern Armenia, into a poor family of Popolji Harout.
Shushanik Kurghinian 
 In her autobiography Shushanik writes of her childhood: “Sometimes father would bring his [shoe-repair] ‘workstation’ home, in order to save money, and I would work for him – demanding my wages, every single kopek (Coin).
Shushanik Kurghinian 
 My mother, having been raised in a traditional household, would reprove my ‘ill behavior toward my parent,’and blamed those harmful books for corrupting me.”
Gyumri 
 Gyumri (Armenian:Գյումրի) is the capital and largest city of the Shirak province in northwest Armenia.
Gyumri 
 It is located about 75 miles from the capital Yerevan, and, with a population of 150,917 (2001 census), is the second-largest city in Armenia.
Arminianism 
 Arminianism is a school of soteriological thought in Protestant Christian theology founded by the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius.
Ruben Sevak 
 Sevak Ruben or Ruben Sevak (February 15, 1885 - August 26, 1915) was an Armenian poet a prose-writer, and a doctor.
Ruben Sevak 
 Among many others, he was arrested on April 24, 1915 and killed on August 26, 1915 during the Armenian Genocide.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 The old Armenian subdivision owns works of famous Armenian artists of early medieval and succeeding periods.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 Today its collection is over 19,000 specimens shown in the Russian, Armenian and West-European divisions of paintings, sculptures, graphic and applied arts.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 The National Art Gallery of Armenia has a lot of branches in Yerevan and other towns of the republic.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 The foundation of the section has been consisted of dozens of works purchased from Armenian painters’ exhibition organized in August 1921.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 A decisive factor in the formation of the art section was the assignation of the rich collection of The Armenian Palace of Culture / The former  Lazarian Gymnasium/ and the donations of Armenian artists to it.
National Gallery of Armenia 
 Already in 1925 there were exposed about 400 works of Armenian, Russian and European masters in the six halls of the art section.