the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
Ion thruster 
 An ion thruster needs electricity to run, so the spacecraft has to also carry solar panels or a nuclear reactor.
Pistol 
 The word may be used broadly to mean any handgun, or narrowly to mean only a magazine pistol, as distinct from a revolver.
Pistol 
 The magazine is spring-loaded so it pushes the next bullet into place as the empty cartridge is ejected.
Pistol 
 For example, in the American Old West revolvers were used but were then (and even today by some) called pistols.
Pistol 
 Guns should be locked up and kept away from children and others who do not appreciate how deadly they are.
Pistol 
 These can be inexpensive foam earplugs or more costly hearing protectors that have a Noise Reduction Rating or NRR.
Pistol 
 Their impact-resistant lenses protect against bullet fragments, stray bits of gunpowder, and other debris.
Pistol 
 The advantage of pistols over revolvers lies in the somewhat faster reloading of magazines that carry more bullets that a revolver's five or six rounds.
Submachine gun 
 A submachine gun is a type of gun that shoots many bullets, usually pistol bullets, when one holds down the trigger.
Submachine gun 
 They are often used where people need to defend themselves in small areas, or people need to fire many bullets quickly.
Submachine gun 
 In the early 20th century, experiments were made by converting  pistols from semi to fully automatic firearms.
Submachine gun 
 Stocked (with handle) automatic weapons firing pistol rounds were developed around the same time during World War I, by Italy, Germany, and the United States.
Submachine gun 
 The first dedicated designs were developed in the latter stages of World War I both as improvements on earlier stocked pistols, and to offer an advantage in trench warfare.
Submachine gun 
 They were popularized in the 1920s and '30s as weapon of choice of American gangsters and police, in the form of the famous Thompson submachine gun, commonly referred to as the "Tommy Gun".
Submachine gun 
 Submachine guns rose to prominence as a frontline close-quarters combat weapon and commando firearm during World War II.
Submachine gun 
 They are now widely used by police SWAT, military commando, paramilitary, and counter-terror team members for a variety of situations.
Submachine gun 
 Submachine guns are highly effective in close quarters; their lower-powered pistol cartridges make them generally more controllable in fully-automatic fire compared to assault rifles, while their small size and light weight grant maneuverability.
Submachine gun 
 However, pistol bullets often are stopped by body armor or cover, and are short-ranged compared to intermediate and rifle cartridges.
Submachine gun 
 From 1939 onwards the German Army analyzed combat conditions and developed new tactics and equipment requirements.
Submachine gun 
 This meant a soldier could carry more ammunition, the weapon could be shorter, lighter and with less recoil.
Submachine gun 
 Work in 1941 and 1942 led at last to a reliable weapon, the StG 44 (Sturmgewehr 44) "assault rifle 44".
Elena V. Pitjeva 
 Elena Vladimirovna Pitjeva is a Russian theoretical physicist at the Institute of Applied Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
Elena V. Pitjeva 
 She is noted for her work on ephemerides and is currently head of the Laboratory of Ephemeris Astronomy at the Institute of Applied Astronomy.
Elena V. Pitjeva 
 Pitjeva earned her undergraduate degree from the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics at A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University in 1972 in the specialty of astronomy.
Socialist Reich Party 
 The Socialist Reich Party of Germany (German: Sozialistische Reichspartei Deutschlands) was a political party in West Germany.
Socialist Reich Party 
 The SRP claimed West Germany's first Chancellor, Konrad Adenauer only did what the United States told, and that Karl Dönitz was the last legal of Germany.
Socialist Reich Party 
 The SRP also said that the Holocaust never happened, and that the ovens of the Dachau concentration camp were built by the United States after 1945.
Socialist Reich Party 
 The SRP also wanted Europe to be led by a reunited German Reich, and that it would not be capitalist or communist.
Socialist Reich Party 
 The SRP never criticised the Soviet Union because the Russians funded the SRP because it was anti-American.
Socialist Reich Party 
 SRP leader Remer once said that if the USSR ever did invade Germany, he would "show the Russians the way to the Rhine".
Socialist Reich Party 
 The SRP had about ten thousand members and it won 16 seats in the Lower Saxony Landtag election, and 8 seats Bremen.
Socialist Reich Party 
 It was banned in 1952 by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, the only court with the power to do so.
International Fight League 
 The International Fight League was an American mixed martial arts (MMA) league and is the world's first MMA league.
International Fight League 
 Instead of the established norm for MMA events, where matchups are strictly one-on-one affairs, each IFL card was a showdown between two teams of five fighters, each fighter fighting one match against another on the opposing team.
Anton Chekhov 
 Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (January 29, 1860 - July 15, 1904) was a Russian writer who wrote short stories and plays.
Anton Chekhov 
 He paid for it by tutoring (teaching) other students, catching birds and selling them, and writing short stories for newspapers.
Anton Chekhov 
 While he was at school, he read many books by famous authors, for example Miguel de Cervantes and Arthur Schopenhauer.
Anton Chekhov 
 While he was at Moscow University, Chekhov wrote many short stories to pay for his schooling and to help his family.
Anton Chekhov 
 In 1886, one of the most famous newspapers in Russia, New Times, asked him to write stories for them.
Anton Chekhov 
 He was angry, and wrote about it in a book called The Island Of Sakhalin and in a short story called The Murder.
Anton Chekhov 
 Later, it was performed at another theater, the Moscow Art Theater, where the performances went better.
Anton Chekhov 
 Doctors told him that he had tuberculosis, a lung disease, and that he should change his life to be healthier.
Anton Chekhov 
 Chekhov influenced many important writers, including George Bernard Shaw, James Joyce, and Virginia Woolf.
Anton Chekhov 
 All Constance Garnett's translations of the short stories and letters are available, plus the edition of the Note-book translated by S.S. Koteliansky and Leonard Woolf (see the "References" section for print publication details of all of these).
Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative 
 Labour and Social Justice – The Electoral Alternative ( or WASG) was a German political party founded in 2005 by people who did not like the Social Democratic–Green government.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 The Deutsche Reichspartei (DRP) (German Reich Party, German Imperial Party or German Empire Party) was a nationalist political party in West Germany.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 It was a merger of the German Conservative Party - Deutsche Right Party (DKP-DRP) and the old Hessian Nationaldemokratischen Partei (NDP).
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 Some of the DRP's founders were: Alexander Andrae, Oskar Lutz, Hans Bernd von Grünberg, Wilhelm Meinberg, Otto Heß, Hans Schikora, Heinrich Kunstmann, Adolf von Thadden.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 This was because the Empire Party was not neo-Nazi, and did not want to be associated with Adolf Hitler.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 This is when the Sozialistische Reichspartei was banned by the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany and a lot of its members re-joined the Empire Party.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 The party was not very successful in the 1950s, but seemed to be getting more popular after the state elections of 1959.
Deutsche Reichspartei 
 But the success did not last, and the party held its final conference in 1964 when it was dissolved.
Fukuoka Prefecture 
 Kōra taisha, Sumiyoshi-jinja, Hakosagi-gū and Usa-jinjū are the chief Shinto shrines (ichinomiya) in the prefecture.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Evening Prayer (often called Evensong), in the Anglican Church, is the traditional service when people come to church to worship in the late afternoon or early evening.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 In cathedrals in Britain and in some of the old university chapels it is a service that is sung by a choir nearly every day of the week (there is usually one day of the week when there is no choir and everything is spoken).
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 There were two kinds of services, called "vespers" and "compline" that used to be sung every day by monks in monasteries.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Cranmer took some of the words that were used in both these services and made today's form of Evening Prayer (Evensong).
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 The main idea in Evensong is the celebration of the incarnation of Christ: this is the story about Christ coming to the world in the form of a person and living among people.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 The Magnificat is the song that Mary sang when she was told that she was going to have a baby who would be God’s son.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 The Nunc Dimittis is the song that was sung by the priest Simeon who had been promised by God that he would live long enough to see Jesus.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Many churches now use the words from Common Worship or some other modern prayer book for their services.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 However, when Evensong is sung by a choir the words used are usually from the old traditional  Book of Common Prayer (1662).
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 This is because, for more than four centuries, so much great music has been composed that uses these words.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Because there is no communion at evensong, the service can be led by a layperson (someone who is not a “qualified” priest).
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 In churches the Magnificat and the Nunc dimittis (canticles), like the psalm, are often sung to a chant.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 This is a tune which repeats itself for every verse or every two verses and is sung to the natural rhythm in which it would be spoken.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 In cathedrals, or in churches with a good choir, the two canticles are sung to special music (like an anthem) composed by some well-known composer.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Many composers, especially Anglican church composers, wrote settings (music) for these two canticles (which choir members often called “Mag and Nunc”).
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 Such composers include Edward Bairstow, Herbert Brewer, Orlando Gibbons, Herbert Howells, Henry Purcell, Charles Stanford, Herbert Sumsion, Thomas Tallis, Thomas Weelkes, Samuel Wesley and many others.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 This is why different settings are often identified by the key they are in, e.g. Stanford in G, Stanford in C etc.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 These can be identified by calling them: Howells’ Gloucester Service, Collegium Regale (=King’s College, Cambridge) etc.
Evening Prayer (Anglican) 
 In a sung evensong the choir will also sing an "introit" which is a very short piece at the beginning of the service.
Alice in Chains 
 Alice in Chains is sometimes thought of as a heavy metal band, but is mostly considered a grunge band.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Johann Ludwig "Lutz" Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (22 August 1887 – 4 March 1977) was a German politician.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 His father was from a noble family in Anhalt, his mother was a daughter of one of the Counts ("Graf") von Schwerin.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 He studied law and politics in Halle, in Lausanne and, as a Rhodes Scholar, at the University of Oxford.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Schwerin von Krosigkut was a conservative, but not a member of any political party when was appointed Minister of Finance by Franz von Papen in 1932.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Hitler kept him as finance minister throughout the period of Nazi Party rule, even though several members of his family took part in attempts to kill Hitler.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 On 1 May 1945, Schwerin von Krosigk was asked to be the Chancellor (Reichskanzler) of the Acting Government by new President (Reichspräsident) Karl Dönitz.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Winston Churchill  recognised the Flensburg Government de facto because he said the surrender was allowed by "Grand Admiral Dönitz the designated Head of State".
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 The government was dissolved when its members were captured by British forces on 23 May 1945, at Flensburg.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Schwerin von Krosigk was tried at Ministries Trial at Nuremberg along with other leading members of the Nazi Government.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 Schwerin von Krosigk was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment but was released during an amnesty in 1951.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 In later years Schwerin von Krosigk wrote several books about economics policy and two versions of his memoirs.
Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk 
 He was one of the first to talk about an "Iron Curtain" coming down across Europe, in a broadcast to the German people on 2 May 1945, a phrase which he had picked up from an article by Joseph Goebbels, and later used by Winston Churchill in a speech that made the phrase famous.
East End of London 
 The East End of London, known locally as the East End, generally means the area of central London, England, east of the medieval walled City of London and north of the River Thames.
East End of London 
 It is poorer and is cheaper to live in than the West End, so it has had many immigrants over the years, including Huguenot, Irish, Jews and more recently Bengalis.
Trdat of Iberia 
 T'rdat (Georgian: თრდატი), sometimes Latinized as Tiridates, of the Chosroid Dynasty, was the king of Iberia (Kartli, eastern Georgia) from c. 394 to 406.
Trdat of Iberia 
 Georgian chronicles have said that he is the son of Rev, son of Mirian III, the first Christian king of Iberia.
Trdat of Iberia 
 He is reported to have succeeded by his relative and son-in-law, Varaz-Bakur II, and to have been forced to pay tribute to the Sasanids of Iran.
Trdat of Iberia 
 The chronicles praise his piety and credit Trdat with the construction of churches at Rustavi and Nekresi.
The Nutcracker 
 The Nutcracker was first performed at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia, on 18 December 1892 to a modest success and rarely seen the next years.
The Nutcracker 
 In 1940, Walt Disney used some of the Nutcracker music in his animated movie Fantasia, which led to an interest in the ballet.
The Nutcracker 
 Before the first performance, Tchaikovsky took some numbers from the ballet to form the Nutcracker Suite.
The Nutcracker 
 It was the work of the director of the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, Ivan Vsevolozhsky; the composer, Tchaikovsky; and the choreographer, Marius Petipa.
The Nutcracker 
 Vsevolozsky thought another ballet based on a children's story would be just as successful as The Sleeping  Beauty.
The Nutcracker 
 He picked Hoffmann's 1816 fairy tale "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King" as the subject for the new ballet.
The Nutcracker 
 For example, he wanted a great crescendo of 48 bars as the Christmas tree rose higher and higher in Act 1.
The Nutcracker 
 He wrote that the music for the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" should sound like drops of water splashing in a fountain.
The Nutcracker 
 Tchaikovsky took the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy", the "Waltz of the Flowers", and other numbers from the ballet to form the 20-minute Nutcracker Suite.
The Nutcracker 
 He cut out the Sugar Plum Fairy and her Cavalier, and gave their dances to Clara and the Nutcracker Prince.
The Nutcracker 
 A shortened version of the ballet was first performed outside Russia in Budapest's Royal Opera House in 1927.
The Nutcracker 
 In 1934, Vasili Vainonen, choreographer of the Kirov Ballet, staged a version of the work which was also influenced by the criticisms of the original production.
The Nutcracker 
 Knowledge of the choreography spread because many dancers went to the west after the Russian Revolution.
The Nutcracker 
 A portion thought of it to be a noble composition, with exemplary themes and emotion, however many thought otherwise.
The Nutcracker 
 Russian balletomanes liked expert adult dancers and the large cast of children was critically attacked.
The Nutcracker 
 One person, for example, thought the dancer playing the doll in Act 1 was "nice" while another person thought she was "insipid".
The Nutcracker 
 One critic complained that the ballet was in bad taste because characters in Act 2 looked like food from a pastry shop.
The Nutcracker 
 Tchaikovsky however thought that the staging was very beautiful, so much so that his eyes grew tired looking at it.
The Nutcracker 
 On the first night however, Czar Alexander III called Tchaikovsky before him in the royal box to congratulate him on the music.
The Nutcracker 
 The St. Petersburg Gazette wrote "this ballet is the most tedious thing ever seen ... a long way from what ballet music should be."
The Nutcracker 
 The St. Petersburg News-sheet wrote, "It is hard to say which number is the greatest, for everything from start to finish is beautiful."
The Nutcracker 
 A ballet lover thought The Nutcracker was the greatest of the three ballets Tchaikovsky had written.
The Nutcracker 
 In 1944 the Nutcracker was staged at the San Francisco Ballet by William Christensen, the 'very first full-length' on Christmas Eve.
The Nutcracker 
 W.Christensen was called the grandfather of American Ballet,  born (1902-2001) in Brigham City, Utah.
The Nutcracker 
 Later he founded the ballet department to the University of Utah in 1951, the first of its kind, and Ballet West in 1963.
The Nutcracker 
 Balanchine's television Nutcracker had enough fun in it for people who had not seen a ballet, and enough dancing in it to please the ballet lovers who watched it.
The Nutcracker 
 In the 1960s small ballet companies started producing The Nutcracker because it could make a lot of money and, in doing so, keep the company in business.
The Nutcracker 
 Jennifer Fisher points out that it is "the most popular and most often [staged] ballet in the world."
The Nutcracker 
 In the United States, for example, there are hula, tap dance, reggae, wheelchair, dance-along, ice, and drag versions.
The Nutcracker 
 Ballet lovers question the present day dumbing-down (oversimplification) of The Nutcracker to make it accessible to the masses.
The Nutcracker 
 The reasons the ballet was originally disliked in Russia (the many child dancers, the uneven story) seem to be the reasons the ballet has become such a great success in North America.
The Nutcracker 
 Americans like seeing their children on stage and the story is very much like the rags-to-riches stories Americans love.
The Nutcracker 
 Some people though complain about the stereotypes of children in Act 1 (boys are naughty, girls are nice) and also about the stereotypes of Arabians and the Chinese in Act 2.
The Nutcracker 
 To this orchestra he added a celesta for the "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" in Act 2 and children's instrumentsdrums, trumpets, cymbals, bird calls, whistles, and a rattlefor the Christmas party in Act 1.
The Nutcracker 
 The rattle is heard in the orchestra pit when Fritz cracks nuts in Act 1, and the other instruments are heard when the boys make a lot of noise while Clara comforts the broken Nutcracker.
The Nutcracker 
 Tchaikovsky hoped that the children would play the instruments on the stage, but they had difficulty keeping together with the orchestra.
The Nutcracker 
 Because of the difficulty the children had, Tchaikovsky made the decision that they could play freely.
The Nutcracker 
 After the first night, Tchaikovsky sent his thanks and baskets of sweets to the children of the Imperial Ballet School.
The Nutcracker 
 The character is danced by a prima ballerina (principal dancer), though she has little dancing to do.
The Nutcracker 
 Tchaikovsky did not want Rimsky-Korsakov or Glazunov to "get wind of it and ... use it for unusual (different, strange) effects before me."
The Nutcracker 
 The character has very little dancing to do so Dell'Era put a gavotte by Alphonse Czibulka into the ballet.
The Nutcracker 
 In his biography about Tchaikovsky John Warrack points out that the ballet's greatest weakness is its story.
The Nutcracker 
 It did not permit Tchaikovsky to musically develop the ballet in the manner of Swan Lake or The Sleeping Beauty.
The Nutcracker 
 What few symphonic passages exist in the ballet (mostly in Act 1) are not the best Tchaikovsky wrote.
The Nutcracker 
 Because the story was so weak and did not permit symphonic development, Tchaikovsky indulged his taste for "prettiness" in the separate numbers.
The Nutcracker 
 In the biography  Tchaikovsky, writer David Brown points out that Tchaikovsky was not happy with The Nutcracker and complained to his friends about the difficulty of setting the tale to music.
The Nutcracker 
 Brown asks why Tchaikovsky would ever let himself be persuaded to accept the story as the subject for a ballet.
The Nutcracker 
 He points out that Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty were "dramatically meaty and deeply serious" while The Nutcracker was "trite ... [and] pointless."
The Nutcracker 
 He decides that the ballet is the "most inconsequential" of all the composer's mature works for theatre, and "its dramatic structure the least satisfactory."
The Nutcracker 
 While Brown never gives his approval to The Nutcracker'', he thinks Tchaikovsky did a remarkable job despite the "appalling limitations of the subject."
Kingdom of Sophene 
 Found sometime around the 3rd century B.C. the kingdom stayed independent until 90's B.C. when Tigranes the great conquered these territories as part of his empire.
Kingdom of Sophene 
 The first records show that it was part of Urartu, later it became a province of the Armenian Kingdom around 600 BC.
Lady Katherine Grey 
 Lady Katherine Grey (25 August 1540 – 26 January 1568) was the sister to Lady Jane Grey and Lady Mary Grey.
Lady Katherine Grey 
 Her mother was Lady Frances Brandon and Henry Grey, who were Marquess and Marchioness of Dorset and later Duke and Duchess of Suffolk.
Lady Katherine Grey 
 However, Katherine became pregnant quickly and by July of the next year, she could not hold her secret any longer.
Lady Katherine Grey 
 She first tried to get help from Bess of Hardwick, but Bess screamed at Katherine and made her go away.
Elongation 
 Elongation is an astronomical term that describes the angle between the Sun and a planet, as viewed from Earth.
Elongation 
 When an inferior planet (Mercury or Venus) is visible after sunset, it is near its greatest eastern elongation.
Elongation 
 The value of the greatest elongation (west or east), for Mercury, is between 18° and 28°; and for Venus between  45° and 47°.
Conjunction (astronomy and astrology) 
 It means that, as seen from some place (usually the Earth), two celestial bodies appear near one another in the sky.
Opposition (astronomy and astrology) 
 It is used when two objects in the sky are on the opposite side of the sky when viewed from the Earth.
Opposition (astronomy and astrology) 
 In particular, two planets are in opposition to each other when their ecliptic longitudes differ by 180°.
Opposition (astronomy and astrology) 
 A planet (or asteroid or comet) is said to be "in opposition" when it is in opposition to the Sun as seen from the Earth.
Opposition (astronomy and astrology) 
 it is visible almost all night, rising around sunset, culminating around midnight and setting around sunrise
George Boleyn 
 His sister, Anne, became queen because of the help of his Uncle (The Duke of Norfolk) and his Father (Thomas Boleyn).
George Boleyn 
 His two sisters, Anne Boleyn (Second wife of Henry VIII), and Mary Boleyn (Mistress of the King) were his only two friends.
George Boleyn 
 He was also close with his other sister, but Mary focused more on her family with her husband (William Stafford).
George Boleyn 
 At her own execution, Lady Jane Rochford claimed that "God has permitted me to suffer this shameful doom as punishment for having contributed to my husband's death.