the-french-artist/wikipedia_20220301.simple_sentence_embeddings huggingface dataset:
George Sand 
 This trip to Majorca was described by her in Un Hiver à Majorque (A Winter in Majorca), published in 1855.
George Sand 
 Chopin left her two years before his death, because of a family disturbance wherein he supported her daughter Solange's marriage choice, which had caused Sand to disown the daughter.
George Sand 
 She consequently adopted, for her first independent novel, Indiana (1832), the pen name that made her famous – George Sand.
George Sand 
 Drawing from her childhood experiences of the countryside, she wrote the rural novels  La Mare au Diable (1846), François le Champi (1847–1848), La Petite Fadette (1849), and Les Beaux Messieurs Bois-Doré (1857).
George Sand 
 Her other novels include Indiana (1832), Lélia (1833), Mauprat (1837), Le Compagnon du Tour de France (1840), Consuelo (1842–1843), and Le Meunier d'Angibault (1845).
George Sand 
 Further theatre pieces and autobiographical pieces include Histoire de ma vie (1855), Elle et Lui (1859) (about her affair with Musset), Journal Intime (posthumously published in 1926), and Correspondence.
George Sand 
 She was known well in far reaches of the world, and her social practices, her writings and her beliefs prompted much commentary, often by other luminaries in the world of arts and letters.
George Sand 
 George Sand died at Nohant, near Châteauroux, in France's Indre département on 8 June 1876, at the age of 71 and was buried in the grounds of her home there.
George Sand 
 The American poet Walt Whitman cited Sand's novel Consuelo as a personal favorite and the sequel to this novel La Comtesse De Rudolstady contains at least a couple of passages that appear to have had a very direct influence on him.
George Sand 
 Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861), the English poet, produced two poems "To George Sand: A Desire" and "To George Sand: A Recognition".
George Sand 
 The character, Stepan Verkhovensky, in Dostoevsky's novel The Possessed took to translating the works of George Sand in his periodical, before the periodical was subsequently seized by the ever-cautious Russian government of the 1840s.
George Sand 
 George Sand is referenced a number of times in the play Voyage, the first part of Tom Stoppard's The Coast of Utopia trilogy.
George Sand 
 And, in the first episode of the "Overture" to Swann's Way - the first novel in Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time sequence - a young, distraught Marcel is calmed by his mother as she reads from François le Champi, a novel which it is explained was part of a birthday package from his grandmother which also included La Mare au Diable, La Petite Fadette, and Les Maîtres Sonneurs.
George Sand 
 As with many episodes involving art in À la recherche du temps perdu, this reminiscence includes commentary on the work.
George Sand 
 A Song to Remember (1945), directed by Charles Vidor, starring Cornel Wilde as Chopin and Merle Oberon as George Sand.
George Sand 
 Notorious Woman (1974), a 7-part BBC miniseries starring Rosemary Harris as George Sand and George Chakiris as Chopin.
George Sand 
 In 1976, the band Ambrosia recorded the song "Danse With Me, George (Chopin's Plea)", based on Sand and Chopin's romance.
George Sand 
 Les Enfants du siècle (1999), starring Juliette Binoche as George Sand and Benoît Magimel as Alfred de Musset
George Sand 
 Chopin (2002), directed by Jerzy Antczak starring Danuta Stenka as George Sand and Piotr Adamczyk as Chopin.
George Sand 
 In 2007, Céline Dion recorded a song based on a love letter sent from George Sand to Alfred de Musset for her album D'Elles.
George Sand 
 Correspondence (letters) by George Sand and her contemporaries (see "Writings by George Sand" link below — some of these letters are available in English translation); Autobiographical writings as mentioned above (several of these also available from Gutenberg website).
Type 23 frigate 
 The type 23 frigate or "Duke" class frigate is a warship operated by the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom and by the Chilean Navy of Chile.
Nuremberg Laws 
 The Nuremberg Laws is the name for three (historically: two laws) that were set into practice in Germany in 1935, and that were valid until 1945.
Nuremberg Laws 
 Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre (Often called Blutschutzgesetz, law concerning the protection of German blood and honour).
Nuremberg Laws 
 This law also forbade Jews to show the national flag, and guaranteed their right to show Jewish symbols.
Nuremberg Laws 
 Reich Citizenship Law : This law basically said that only people of German or closely-related blood could become citizens - in other words: Jews (and some others) could not.
Nuremberg Laws 
 Reichsflaggengesetz Strictly speaking this flag law is not one of the Nuremberg Laws, but it was published with the others.
Nuremberg Laws 
 On the 14th of November 1935, the Nuremberg laws were expanded prohibiting Roma (Gypsies), Blacks or any of their offspring from engaging in marriage or sexual relations with 'Those of German or German related blood'.
Thrice 
 Most recently, Thrice have released a four disc album titled The Alchemy Index (volumes Earth, Fire, Water and Air).
Sidewalk 
 It is called a sidewalk in American English, but can also be called a pavement (mainly British English and  South African English), a footpath (Australian English, Irish English, Indian English and New Zealand English) or footway (Engineering term).
BMW 
 Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW, ) is a German automobile and motorcycle maker founded on 7 March 1916.
BMW 
 BMW is part of the "German Big 3" luxury automobile manufacturers, along with Audi and Mercedes-Benz.
BMW 
 BMW's automobiles are tuned and modified by several German Tuning Companies such as AC Schnitzer, M, and Alpina.
Mazda 
 Since 2000, Mazda has grown, especially in Europe and North America, and it is now completely separate from Ford.
Mazda 
 Mazda is the only company that produces cars which have rotary engines (but most of its cars do not have rotary engines).
Mazda 
 The cars are popular in Australia and Europe, especially Germany and U.K. Nowadays, Mazda's slogan is ZOOM-ZOOM.
Mazda 
 Mazda's company name is derived from Matsuda Jujirou who was the founder of this company, and the Zoroastrian god, Ahura Mazda.
Animal testing 
 Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation and animal research is the use of animals for experiments.
Animal testing 
 About 50 to 100 million vertebrate animals and many more invertebrate animals are used around the world every year.
Animal testing 
 Animals are used for experiments inside universities, medical schools, farms, large companies and other places that provide animal-testing services.
Animal testing 
 People who support animal testing argue that almost every medical discovery in the 20th century used animals in some way.
Animal testing 
 They say that even complex computers cannot model connections between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment.
Animal testing 
 Others argue that animals have the right not to be used for experiments, and that model organisms are different from humans.
Animal testing 
 The words animal testing, animal experimentation, animal research, in vitro testing, and vivisection have similar meanings,differently. "
Animal testing 
 For example, the Encyclopædia Britannica described "vivisection" as: "Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals".
Animal testing 
 However, dictionaries note that the wider definition is "used only by people who are opposed (dislike) to such work".
Animal testing 
 People who dislike animal testing often use the word "vivisection", while scientists usually use the expression "animal experimentation" instead.
Animal testing 
 The earliest mention of animal testing is in the writings of the Greeks in the second and fourth centuries BCE.
Animal testing 
 Aristotle (Αριστοτέλης) (384 – 322 BCE) and Erasistratus (304 – 258 BCE) where some of the first people to try out experiments on living animals.
Animal testing 
 Galen, a doctor in second-century Rome who was known as the "father of vivisection", dissected pigs and goats.
Animal testing 
 Avenzoar, an Arabic doctor in twelfth-century Spain, tested out surgical processes on animals before applying them to humans.
Animal testing 
 In the 1970s, antibiotic treatments and vaccines for leprosy were made using armadillos, then given to humans.
Animal testing 
 After that, the U.S. congress made laws that said that drugs had to be tested on animals before they could be sold.
Animal testing 
 In 1655, Edmund O'Meara said that "the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state."
Animal testing 
 O'Meara and others said that animals could be affected by pain during vivisection, making results unreliable.
Animal testing 
 Others opposed animal testing for different reasons: many believed that animals were not as good as humans and that they were so different that results of animal testing would not work on humans.
Animal testing 
 Claude Bernard, the "prince of vivisectors" and the father of physiology famously wrote in 1865 that "the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly (brightly) lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen".
Animal testing 
 He declared that "experiments on  entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of  effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree".
Animal testing 
 Surprisingly, though, his wife, Marie Françoise Martin, began the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883.
Animal testing 
 In 1896, Dr. Walter B. Cannon said, “The antivivisectionists are the second of the two types Theodore Roosevelt described when he said, ‘Common sense without conscience may lead to crime, but conscience without common sense may lead to folly, which is the handmaiden (servant) of crime.’ ”
Animal testing 
 The public first began giving its attention to the supporters and opposers of animal testing during the brown dog affair in the early 1990s.
Animal testing 
 In the brown dog affair, hundreds of medical students and anti-vivisectionists and police argued over a memorial to a vivisected dog.
Campylobacter 
 In January 2013, the UK's Food Standards Agency warned that two-thirds of all raw chicken bought from UK shops was contaminated with Campylobacter.
Emperor Taishō 
 Emperor Taishō (meaning "Great Justice") was the name given to Yoshihito at the time of his coronation.
Emperor Taishō 
 Emperors of Japan receive a new name at the time of their coronation, and people start using the new name, both to refer to the emperor himself and the name of the era during which he reigned.
Emperor Taishō 
 Taishō's early life was marked by many changes in the role of emperor; and his reign was a period of consolidation.
Emperor Taishō 
 1912 (Taishō 1):  Prince Yoshihito became emperor; also, the Japanese era name becomes the first year of Taishō.
Emperor Taishō 
 1926 (Taishō 15): The emperor dies and the responsibility of the throne passes to Crown Prince Hirohito; also, the era name became the first year of Shōwa.
Emperor Meiji 
 Meiji's reign was marked by many changes including the move of the Imperial court from Kyoto to Tokyo.
Emperor Meiji 
 1868 (Meiji 1): Official beginning of the emperor's reign and Japanese era name becomes the first year of Meiji.
Emperor Meiji 
 A detailed account of the state funeral in the New York Times concluded with an observation: "The contrast between that which preceded the funeral car and that which followed it was striking indeed.
Trivium (band) 
 The members are: Matt Heafy (vocals, guitars), Corey Beaulieu (guitars), Paolo Gregoletto (bass) and Alex Bent (drums).
Emily Browning 
 Later, she played recurring roles in Australian television shows Blue Heelers and Something in the Air.
Emily Browning 
 Her breakthrough role was in the 2002 horror movie Ghost Ship, which introduced her to a wider audience.
Emily Browning 
 In 2005, Browning won the Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Violet Baudelaire in the comedy movie Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004).
Emily Browning 
 Browning is also known for her roles in the horror movie The Uninvited (2009), the action movie Sucker Punch (2011), and the independent movie Sleeping Beauty (2011).
Emily Browning 
 Her role in Sleeping Beauty was highly praised and in 2011 was named the Breakthrough performer of the year by Hamptons International Film Festival.
Trivium (liberal arts) 
 In antiquity and the High Middle Ages, there were different ways of teaching young men at the university.
Trivium (liberal arts) 
 They were ways of preparing for the quadrivium, which includes arithmetic, geometry, music and astronomy.
Trivium (liberal arts) 
 When a man studied grammar, he studied how words were put together, and how words were combined to make sentences, paragraphs, chapters, and stories.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Today, most of the sources that talk about Greek boxing are either legends, or they are fragmentary.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Several details are missing, but it seems boxing with gloves was an important part of the Greek athletic culture of the time.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Archeologists have found evidence that this activity was probably done by the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 One legend says that the heroic ruler Theseus invented a type of boxing where two men sat face to face and beat each other with their fists until one of them was killed.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Boxing was one of the contests held in memory of Achilles' friend Patroclus, who was killed toward the end of the Trojan War.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 To commemorate Patroclus the Greeks later introduced boxing (pygme / pygmachia) to the Olympic Games in 688 BC.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Fighters wore leather straps (called himantes) over their hands, wrists, and sometimes chest, to protect themselves from injury.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 According to him, boxing was originally developed in Sparta, in order to harden warriors’ faces for battle.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 The early Spartans believed helmets were unnecessary and boxing prepared them for when they were hit on the head in battle.
Ancient Greek boxing 
 Oxys were made of several thick leather bands that were wrapped around the hand, wrist, and forearm.
London School of Economics 
 The London School of Economics and Political Science (more commonly London School of Economics or LSE) is a college of the University of London in Westminster.
London School of Economics 
 It has the highest percentage of students from another country in the world and 46% of staff are from other countries.
Friedrich Hayek 
 Friedrich August von Hayek, CH (8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992) was an Austrian-British economist and political philosopher.
Friedrich Hayek 
 He thought that forms of government like socialism were not good for the economy, and damaged freedom of the individual.
Friedrich Hayek 
 The award was for their work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations; also for their analysis of the inter-dependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.
Friedrich Hayek 
 He is thought to be one of the major causes of change from the Keynesian policies of the first part of the 20th century.
Friedrich Hayek 
 Instead of governments handling the details of the economy, they went back towards classical liberalism in the 1980s and later.
Friedrich Hayek 
 This happened most clearly in the 1980s in the U.S.A. (under Ronald Reagan) and the U.K. (under Margaret Thatcher).
Ancient Olympic Games 
 The Ancient Olympic Games were a series of athletic competitions held between the city-states of Ancient Greece.
Ancient Olympic Games 
 They used to be called the Olympic Games (; Olympiakoi Agones) until the modern day Olympic Games started.
Ancient Olympic Games 
 Diagoras of Rhodes (Boxing 79th Olympiad, 464 BCE) and his sons Akusilaos and Damagetos (Boxing and Pankration)
Ancient Olympic Games 
 Varastades, Prince and future King of Armenia, (last known Ancient Olympic victor (boxing) during the 291st Olympic Games in the fourth century.
Manhattan (movie) 
 The movie was nominated for two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actress (Mariel Hemingway) and Best Writing, Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen.
Manhattan (movie) 
 It also won the BAFTA Award for Best Film and was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay.
Manhattan (movie) 
 In 2001, the United States Library of Congress said the movie was "culturally significant" and selected it to keep in the National Film Registry.
Punching bag 
 It is used in exercise or stress relief to improve one of three areas: physical strength, aerobic fitness or punching technique.
Punching bag 
 Punching bags have been used in martial arts for as long as there has been a written history of military training.
Punching bag 
 Similar apparatus in Asian martial arts include the Okinawan makiwara and the Chinese mook jong, which may have padded striking surfaces attached to them.
Nocera Inferiore 
 Nocera Inferiore, is a town and comune in Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino, 20 km east-south-east of Naples by rail, .
Nocera Inferiore 
 Nuceria Alfaterna  appears to have been the chief town in the valley of the Sarnus, Herculaneum, Pompeii, Stabiae and Surrentum all being dependent upon it.
Nocera Inferiore 
 At Nocera had sped a big part of they life the painter Francesco Solimena, and the writers Jacopo Sannazzaro and Domenico Rea.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 About 23,000 people died when the lahar covered the Armero, making this the most deadly lahar in the history of the world.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 People who live near the volcano call it "the Sleeping Lion", because it was dormant or sleeping for nearly 150 years before the Armero lahar.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Three major edifices, composed of andesitic and dacitic lavas and andesitic pyroclastics, have built up since the beginning of the Pleistocene.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The modern cone consists of a wide cluster of lava domes produced within the summit caldera of an ancient Ruiz.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The prominent La Olleta pyroclastic cone is on the volcano's southwest flank and may also have been active in historical times.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Melting of its summit icecap during historical eruptions, which date back to the 16th century, has resulted in devastating lahars, including the famous eruption in 1985 that was the world's deadliest.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 In 1595, a lahar flowed down along the valleys of the River Guali and the River Lagunillas, killing 636 people.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 In 1845, another massive lahar flooded the upper valley of the River Lagunillas, killing over 1,000 people.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 It is believed both of these formed from melting of the snow and ice that cover the summit, as did the original eruption.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 An Italian volcanological mission analyzed gas samples from the fumaroles along the Arenas crater floor and proved them to be a mixture of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, indicating a direct magmatic release into surface environment.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 A very high lahar risk was stressed in the mission's report delivered on October 22, 1985 and various simple preparedness techniques were proposed to local authorities.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 During the following "quiet" period in October, the hydrothermal component of the vapor discharge steadily increased.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The gases were super-saturated with elemental sulfur; their thermodynamic equilibration temperatures can range from 200 to 600° Celsius.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Gases and water from fumaroles and thermal springs on the flanks of the volcano are likely to be produced from a two-phase vapor-brine envelope adjoining the eruptive system within the volcano.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The chemistry of the fumarole discharges is compatible with the comparison of an eruptive mechanism involving the build-up of pressure in an extensive vapor zone by gas released from a stagnant, already extensively degassed body of magmatic material at depth.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Production of such a residual gas over extended periods may account for the large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) being released from the volcano in relation to the small amount of ejected solids.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The destruction wrought by the 1985 eruption was partially due to the fact that scientists vacillated over whether or not to evacuate the area.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The people in Armero assumed that because the volcano had not erupted in 100 years, it had no reason to erupt so abruptly.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Scientists later looked back to the hours before the eruption and noticed that several long period earthquakes had occurred.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Volcanologist Bernard Chouet said that these earthquakes occurred in the final hours before an eruption.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 According to  Chouet, "the volcano was screaming 'I'm about to explode'," but scientists at the time doubted his theory.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 On November 13, 1985, at 9:08 pm, Nevado del Ruiz erupted; ejecting dacitic tephra more than 30 kilometers into the atmosphere.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Pyroclastic flows melted ice and snow at the summit, forming 4 thick lahars that rushed down several river valleys.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 As most lahars do, the mudflows began as flows of water, sand, and gravel, and mixed with clay along the way.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The town of Armero was completely covered by debris, killing approximately 21,000 people (three-fourths of the population), as well as affecting 13 other villages.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The eruption caused an estimated 23,000 deaths, 5,000 injuries, and destroyed more than 5,000 homes.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 This was the second deadliest volcanic disaster in the 20th century, ousted only by the 1902 eruption of Mount Pelee, and the fourth deadliest eruption in recorded history.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The disaster gained some major international notoriety due in part to a photograph taken by photographer Frank Fournier, of a young girl named Omayra Sánchez who was trapped beneath rubble for three days before she died.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 In response to the eruption, the USGS Volcano Crisis Assistance Team was formed in 1986, and the Volcano Disaster Assistance Program.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Armero had been built directly on old mudflows and authorities ignored a hazard-zone map which showed the potential damage to the town if lahars were to avalanche down the mountain.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Habitants were also told to stay inside and avoid the falling ash, not thinking the mudflows would bury them.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Dr. Stanley Williams of Louisiana University said that following the eruption, "With the possible exception of Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington, no other volcano in the Western Hemisphere is being watched so elaborately."
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Armero was not rebuilt because the old lahar traces were discovered, and the Colombian government declared the site "holy ground" so that no one would ever suffer again like Armero.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The system involves the use of Acoustic Flow Monitors (AFM) which analyze ground shaking that could result in a lahar.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Since Ruiz became well-known after its eruption in 1985, scientists and government officials in Colombia are worried the glaciers might melt completely.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The stratovolcano is in the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of the earth's crust where the land is unstable.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The volcano is the northernmost of several Colombian stratovolcanoes in the Andean Volcanic Belt of western South America.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The Andean volcanic belt was produced by the eastward subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the South American continental plate.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 Normally, these type of stratovolcanoes generate explosive Plinian eruptions with associated pyroclastic flows that can melt snow and glaciers near the summit, thus producing devastating lahars.
Nevado del Ruiz 
 The volcano is part of the Ruiz-Tolima volcanic massif (or Cordillera Central), a group of five different icy stratovolcanoes.