the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Although research has been inconclusive, some findings have indicated that electronic communication negatively affects adolescents' social development, replaces face-to-face communication, impairs their social skills, and can sometimes lead to unsafe interaction with strangers. A 2015 review reported that “adolescents lack awareness of strategies to cope with cyberbullying, which has been consistently associated with an increased likelihood of depression.” Studies have shown differences in the ways the internet negatively impacts the adolescents' social functioning. Online socializing tends to make girls particularly vulnerable, while socializing in Internet cafés seems only to affect boys academic achievement. However, other research suggests that Internet communication brings friends closer and is beneficial for socially anxious teens, who find it easier to interact socially online. The more conclusive finding has been that Internet use has a negative effect on the physical health of adolescents, as time spent using the Internet replaces time doing physical activities. However, the Internet can be significantly useful in educating teens because of the access they have to information on many various topics.

Questions:
According to research findings, does Internet use have a positive or negative effect on teen physical health?
Why do research findings believe the Internet has a negative effect on teen physical health?
How can the Internet be beneficial for socially anxious teens?
Which online activity has been consistently associated with increased liklihood of depression?
Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He seems to have used terror as a matter of policy. Eannatum's Stele of the Vultures depicts vultures pecking at the severed heads and other body parts of his enemies. His empire collapsed shortly after his death.

Questions:
What is one of the first empires known in history?
What city-state was the rival of Lagash?
What did Eannatum annex?
What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line?
What happened to Eannatum's empire after his death?
Although sizable Orthodox Jewish communities are located throughout the United States, many American Orthodox Jews live in New York State, particularly in the New York City Metropolitan Area. Two of the main Orthodox communities in the United States are located in New York City and Rockland County. In New York City, the neighborhoods of Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg, and Crown Heights, located in the borough of Brooklyn, have particularly large Orthodox communities. The most rapidly growing community of American Orthodox Jews is located in Rockland County and the Hudson Valley of New York, including the communities of Monsey, Monroe, New Square, and Kiryas Joel. There are also sizable and rapidly growing Orthodox communities throughout New Jersey, particularly in Lakewood, Teaneck, Englewood, Passaic, and Fair Lawn.

Questions:
Where do many American Orthodox Jews live?
Borough Park, Midwood, Williamsburg and Crown heights have particularly large communities of what?
Where is a sizeable and rapidly growing Orthodox community currently located besides New York State?
Where is the most rapidly growing community of American orthodox jews located?
Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in Amazonia, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states, and empires.

Questions:
What were many of the indigenous people of the Americas traditionally?
What did many segments of the indigenous population also practice?
What remains as a testament to the time and work the indigenous people spent cultivating the flora of the Americas?
What did many of the societies practice a mix of?
Large cities, chiefdoms, monuments and empires were just some of the things created by which peoples?
Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Questions:
What language is spoken in the U.S.A?
Is there such a thing as bilingual state?
Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
Is there an official language of the United States?
Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded northern Burma from Yunnan province. They captured a fortified position at Mount Song. By the time campaigning ceased during the monsoon rains, the NCAC had secured a vital airfield at Myitkyina (August 1944), which eased the problems of air resupply from India to China over "The Hump".

Questions:
What battle was the advance in the Arakan halted to release troops for?
Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?
When did the Chinese invade northern Burma?
What fortified position was captured by the Chinese Expeditionary Force?
What airfield was taken by the NCAC in August, 1944?
Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.

Questions:
Where did the majority of the concepts of Mary's birth show themselves the most ?
What Byzantine Ruler ho ruled from from 527 to 565 was also a well trained thinker of concepts ?
In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary  in his writings ?
What event happened to Theotokos that was of significant religious note ?
How did some view the the person whose name includes a Christian rite of passage from the Bible?
Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:

Questions:
With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?
What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?
People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?
Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very specific curriculum; this model tended to train specialists. There was a collegiate or tutorial model based on the system at University of Oxford where teaching and organization was decentralized and knowledge was more of a generalist nature. There were also universities that combined these models, using the collegiate model but having a centralized organization.

Questions:
What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called?
The structure of the University of Paris served as what for other universities?
How many styles did the University of Paris model end up taking when applied to other universities?
Which university had teaching which was more general, and not centralized?
What type of student did schools that focus on very specific topics aim to create?
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

Questions:
How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?
Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?
Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?
On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.

Questions:
IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness?
Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it?
How much do some patients going through psychosurgery suffer from the sensation of pain?
What perspective towards pain are some people with perfectly normal nerves born with?
Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. As slavery became a racial caste, those who were enslaved and others of any African ancestry were classified by what is termed "hypodescent" according to the lower status ethnic group. Many of majority European ancestry and appearance "married white" and assimilated into white society for its social and economic advantages, such as generations of families identified as Melungeons, now generally classified as white but demonstrated genetically to be of European and sub-Saharan African ancestry.

Questions:
Americans with African ancestry have always been classified as what race?
What were slaves and others of African ancestry classified by what term?
Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races?
What did many with European ancetry "marry white" and want to be part of the white society?
Which Americans have been historically classified as African American or black?
What caused lower classification status for African Americans?
How did many multiracial Americans attain social and economic advantages?
What is the group called who are genetically sub Saharan and European but are classified as white?
What are some historical reasons multiracial Americans have been classified as black?
What is Melungeon?
What does it mean to have "marred white"?
What were slaves and Africans classified by?
What were those with Sub-Saharan African ancestory classified as?
Among other inhabitants of London are 10,000 foxes, so that there are now 16 foxes for every square mile (2.6 square kilometres) of London. These urban foxes are noticeably bolder than their country cousins, sharing the pavement with pedestrians and raising cubs in people's backyards. Foxes have even sneaked into the Houses of Parliament, where one was found asleep on a filing cabinet. Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen Elizabeth II's prized pink flamingos. Generally, however, foxes and city folk appear to get along. A survey in 2001 by the London-based Mammal Society found that 80 percent of 3,779 respondents who volunteered to keep a diary of garden mammal visits liked having them around. This sample cannot be taken to represent Londoners as a whole.

Questions:
What type of animal belonging to Queen Elizabeth II was killed by an intruding fox on the Buckingham Palace grounds?
What animal was seen sleeping in London's Parliament Building?
Approximately how many foxes live in the City of London?
In 2001, what organization conducted a survey of residents regarding London's fox population?
What is London's fox population density?
Among the notable structures in the town are the three forts built by the Swedes for defense purposes. One of these forts, known as Fort Oscar (formerly Gustav Adolph), which overlooks the sea is located on the far side of La Pointe. However, the ruins have been replaced by a modern military building which now houses the local gendarmerie. The other fort known as Fort Karl now presents a very few ruins. The third fort built by the Swedes is the Fort Gustav, which is also seen in ruins strewn around the weather station and the Light House. The fort built in 1787 over a hill slope has ruins of ramparts, guardhouse, munitions depot, wood-burning oven and so forth.

Questions:
Who built the three forts on St. Barts?
What was the former name of Fort Oscar?
When was Fort Gustav built?
On what part of the island is Fort Oscar located on the far side of?
Most of the Forts in St. Barts are now all what?
Among the oldest surviving examples of Nizam architecture in Hyderabad is the Chowmahalla Palace, which was the seat of royal power. It showcases a diverse array of architectural styles, from the Baroque Harem to its Neoclassical royal court. The other palaces include Falaknuma Palace (inspired by the style of Andrea Palladio), Purani Haveli, King Kothi and Bella Vista Palace all of which were built at the peak of Nizam rule in the 19th century. During Mir Osman Ali Khan's rule, European styles, along with Indo-Islamic, became prominent. These styles are reflected in the Falaknuma Palace and many civic monuments such as the Hyderabad High Court, Osmania Hospital, Osmania University, the State Central Library, City College, the Telangana Legislature, the State Archaeology Museum, Jubilee Hall, and Hyderabad and Kachiguda railway stations. Other landmarks of note are Paigah Palace, Asman Garh Palace, Basheer Bagh Palace, Errum Manzil and the Spanish Mosque, all constructed by the Paigah family.:16–17

Questions:
The Chowmahalla Palace represents what type of architecture?
The royal court of Chowmahalla palace is an example what style of architecture?
Which palace in Hyderabad did the work of Andrea Palladio influence?
What century was Bella Vista Palace built?
Which family constructed the Basheer Bagh Palace?
An additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to the carbonate present in the water. In 2012, ORNL researchers announced the successful development of a new absorbent material dubbed HiCap which performs surface retention of solid or gas molecules, atoms or ions and also effectively removes toxic metals from water, according to results verified by researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.

Questions:
About how many tonnes of uranium is theorized to be present in the sea?
The presence of what substance in sea water has resulted in low yields when attempting to extract uranium?
What did ORNL call their material that performs surface retention on solid molecules?
Where were ORNL's results verified?
When was HiCap announced?
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft.

Questions:
What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with?
What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft?
Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet?
What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish?
What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into?
An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors.

Questions:
Intraguild species consumer other species within?
Who proposes the concept of the "survival machine?"
The argument of the "survival machines" proposes that what two species are competing for the same genes?
Intraguild species may try to consume each other because they are?
Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator?
To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"?
What are intraguild predators?
What term is used to decribe predators that prey on their own competition?
Which version of evolutionary theory is easiest to use when explaining predation as competition?
An antenna transmits and receives radio waves with a particular polarization which can be reoriented by tilting the axis of the antenna in many (but not all) cases. The physical size of an antenna is often a practical issue, particularly at lower frequencies (longer wavelengths). Highly directional antennas need to be significantly larger than the wavelength. Resonant antennas usually use a linear conductor (or element), or pair of such elements, each of which is about a quarter of the wavelength in length (an odd multiple of quarter wavelengths will also be resonant). Antennas that are required to be small compared to the wavelength sacrifice efficiency and cannot be very directional. Fortunately at higher frequencies (UHF, microwaves) trading off performance to obtain a smaller physical size is usually not required.

Questions:
What is the essential difference in radio waves transmitted by an antenna?
How can this be adjusted more easily than changing antenna types?
When might the size of an antenna cause an issue?
There is a relationship between the size of the antenna and the size of the wavelength with what antenna type?
What size antenna would not be good when the antenna needs to be directional?
An early advantage of AC is that the power-wasting resistors used in DC locomotives for speed control were not needed in an AC locomotive: multiple taps on the transformer can supply a range of voltages. Separate low-voltage transformer windings supply lighting and the motors driving auxiliary machinery. More recently, the development of very high power semiconductors has caused the classic "universal" AC/DC motor to be largely replaced with the three-phase induction motor fed by a variable frequency drive, a special inverter that varies both frequency and voltage to control motor speed. These drives can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency, and many modern electric locomotives are designed to handle different supply voltages and frequencies to simplify cross-border operation.

Questions:
What was a disadvantage of DC system?
How can different range of voltages be supplied for AC locomotives?
What taps can provide lighting supply?
What will AC/DC motor be replaced with?
What is the main advantage of an induction motor?
An example of a state initiative to promote nutrition literacy is Smart Bodies, a public-private partnership between the state’s largest university system and largest health insurer, Louisiana State Agricultural Center and Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation. Launched in 2005, this program promotes lifelong healthful eating patterns and physically active lifestyles for children and their families. It is an interactive educational program designed to help prevent childhood obesity through classroom activities that teach children healthful eating habits and physical exercise.

Questions:
Smart Bodies is an example of an initiative that was started by what level of government?
What is the goal of Smart Bodies?
The Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation joined together with which University to help develop Smart Bodies?
When was the Smart Bodies initiative first released?
What does the initiative specifically target?
An unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[citation needed] Familicide was frequently deployed in obtaining power and can be traced particularly during the time of the Yaroslavichi rule (sons of Yaroslav) when the established system was skipped in the establishment of Vladimir II Monomakh as the Grand Prince of Kiev,[clarification needed] in turn creating major squabbles between Olegovichi from Chernihiv, Monomakhs from Pereyaslav, Izyaslavichi from Turov/Volhynia, and Polotsk Princes.[citation needed]

Questions:
What was the name of the UN-conventional system that was implemented?
What did the rota system do?
What was often deployed when trying to gain power?
An urban runoff facility (SMURFF), the first of its kind in the US, catches and treats 3.5 million US gallons (13,000 m3) of water each week that would otherwise flow into the bay via storm-drains and sells it back to end-users within the city for reuse as gray-water, while bio-swales throughout the city allow rainwater to percolate into and replenish the groundwater supply. The groundwater supply in turn plays an important role in the city's Sustainable Water Master Plan, whereby Santa Monica has set a goal of attaining 100% water independence by 2020. The city has numerous programs designed to promote water conservation among residents, including a rebate of $1.50 per square foot for those who convert water intensive lawns to more local drought-tolerant gardens that require less water.

Questions:
What is the name of the urban runoff facility?
How many gallons of water does (SMURFF) treat every week?
Santa Monica plans on water independence by what year?
How much money do residents get back for participating in water conservation per square foot?
If (SMURFF) did not collect water where would it go?
Animal intestines contain a large population of gut flora. In humans, the four dominant phyla are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. They are essential to digestion and are also affected by food that is consumed. Bacteria in the gut perform many important functions for humans, including breaking down and aiding in the absorption of otherwise indigestible food; stimulating cell growth; repressing the growth of harmful bacteria, training the immune system to respond only to pathogens; producing vitamin B12; and defending against some infectious diseases.

Questions:
Where could one find a large population of gut flora?
What term collectively describes "Firmicutes" and "Bacteroidetes" among others?
What is the importance of having phyla in the body?
What role specifically in digestion do bacteria in the gut have?
Which vitamin are the bacteria present in the gut responsible for producing?
Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out of the entire Caucasus, reestablishing a short-lived Iranian suzerainty over the region. The Russo-Persian wars of 1804–1813 and 1826–1828 resulted in large irrevocable territorial losses for Iran in the Caucasus, comprising all of Transcaucasia and Dagestan, which made part of the very concept of Iran for centuries, and thus substantial gains for the neighboring Russian Empire.

Questions:
Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?
Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794?
The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi?
The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?
Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s?
Another extreme case of impedance matching occurs when using a small loop antenna (usually, but not always, for receiving) at a relatively low frequency where it appears almost as a pure inductor. Resonating such an inductor with a capacitor at the frequency of operation not only cancels the reactance but greatly magnifies the very small radiation resistance of such a loop.[citation needed] This is implemented in most AM broadcast receivers, with a small ferrite loop antenna resonated by a capacitor which is varied along with the receiver tuning in order to maintain resonance over the AM broadcast band

Questions:
What magnifies the small radiation resistance of a loop?
What is used in most AM broadcaster receivers?
What is resonated by a capacitor along with the receiver tuning that maintains resonance over the AM broadcast band?
When using a small loop antenna at a low frequency, what may occur?
Another great undertaking by Constantine Monomachos was the restoration of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem between 1042 and 1048. Nothing survived of the mosaics which covered the walls and the dome of the edifice but the Russian abbot Daniel, who visited Jerusalem in 1106–1107 left a description: "Lively mosaics of the holy prophets are under the ceiling, over the tribune. The altar is surmounted by a mosaic image of Christ. In the main altar one can see the mosaic of the Exhaltation of Adam. In the apse the Ascension of Christ. The Annunciation occupies the two pillars next to the altar."

Questions:
Who restored the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the 1040's?
What survives of the mosaics that adorned the walls and dome of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?
Who left the only description of the mosaics at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre?
Where did the Russian abbot Daniel travel in 1106-07?
Another instance of ancient humanism as an organised system of thought is found in the Gathas of Zarathustra, composed between 1,000 BCE – 600 BCE in Greater Iran. Zarathustra's philosophy in the Gathas lays out a conception of humankind as thinking beings dignified with choice and agency according to the intellect which each receives from Ahura Mazda (God in the form of supreme wisdom). The idea of Ahura Mazda as a non-intervening deistic divine God/Grand Architect of the universe tied with a unique eschatology and ethical system implying that each person is held morally responsible for their choices, made freely in this present life, in the afterlife. The importance placed on thought, action, responsibility, and a non-intervening creator was appealed to by, and inspired a number of, Enlightenment humanist thinkers in Europe such as Voltaire and Montesquieu.

Questions:
Which ancient text provides an example of the humanist way of thinking?
When was this writing penned?
What well know scholar was inspired by Humanism?
Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting Original Sin in view of the foreseen merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of the human race. In Luke 1:47, Mary proclaims: "My spirit has rejoiced in God my Saviour." This is referred to as Mary's pre-redemption by Christ. Since the Second Council of Orange against semi-pelagianism, the Catholic Church has taught that even had man never sinned in the Garden of Eden and was sinless, he would still require God's grace to remain sinless.

Questions:
What did Mary supposedly not require that everyone else also required and why was this so ?
What was explained by the man  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti who later became leader of the Holy Roman Church ?
What is the child of Mary known to be famous for according to  Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti ?
According to the teaching of the Catholic religion is a savior for the world needed ?
Another set of significant physical changes during puberty happen in bodily distribution of fat and muscle. This process is different for females and males. Before puberty, there are nearly no sex differences in fat and muscle distribution; during puberty, boys grow muscle much faster than girls, although both sexes experience rapid muscle development. In contrast, though both sexes experience an increase in body fat, the increase is much more significant for girls. Frequently, the increase in fat for girls happens in their years just before puberty. The ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys is around three to one, while for girls it is about five to four. This may help explain sex differences in athletic performance.

Questions:
Is change in bodily distribution of fat and muscle the same or different between males and females during puberty?
Do boys or girls grow muscle faster during puberty?
Do boys or girls experience a more significant increase in body fat?
What is the ratio between muscle and fat among post-pubertal boys?
What is the ratio between muscle and fat amoung post-pubertal girls?
Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnight black). In conclusion the hair colour of young Greeks are mostly brown, ranging from light to dark brown. with significant minorities having black and blonde hair. The same study also showed that the eye colour of the students was 14.6% blue/green, 28% medium (light brown) and 57.4% dark brown.

Questions:
What dominant hair color is to believed to be prevalent among Greeks 
Which colors lay outside of the nor for those of Greek descent ?
What eye color is believed to be the norm among Greeks ?
What eye color shows the least presence among those of Greek heritage ?
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

Questions:
Which continent is the highest in elevation?
What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?
What is the average coldest temperature?
What is the coldest recorded temperature?
Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica?
Antenna tuning generally refers to cancellation of any reactance seen at the antenna terminals, leaving only a resistive impedance which might or might not be exactly the desired impedance (that of the transmission line). Although an antenna may be designed to have a purely resistive feedpoint impedance (such as a dipole 97% of a half wavelength long) this might not be exactly true at the frequency that it is eventually used at. In some cases the physical length of the antenna can be "trimmed" to obtain a pure resistance. On the other hand, the addition of a series inductance or parallel capacitance can be used to cancel a residual capacitative or inductive reactance, respectively.

Questions:
Where does cancellation of any reactance seen?
What is left after antenna tuning?
What can be used to cancel a inductibe reactance or residual capacitative?
What is an antenna designed to have?
Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant phenolic in white varieties. Total phenolic content, a laboratory index of antioxidant strength, is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin. It is these anthocyanins that are attracting the efforts of scientists to define their properties for human health. Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.

Questions:
What are the most abundant polyphenolics in purple grapes?
What is the main phenolic in white grapes?
What is the laboratory index of antioxidant strength in grapes known as? 
What content of a grapes skin can be affected by soil composition, climate, and cultivation practices? 
Why causes antioxidant strength to be higher in purple grapes?
Anthropology is a global discipline where humanities, social, and natural sciences are forced to confront one another. Anthropology builds upon knowledge from natural sciences, including the discoveries about the origin and evolution of Homo sapiens, human physical traits, human behavior, the variations among different groups of humans, how the evolutionary past of Homo sapiens has influenced its social organization and culture, and from social sciences, including the organization of human social and cultural relations, institutions, social conflicts, etc. Early anthropology originated in Classical Greece and Persia and studied and tried to understand observable cultural diversity. As such, anthropology has been central in the development of several new (late 20th century) interdisciplinary fields such as cognitive science, global studies, and various ethnic studies.

Questions:
What type of discipline is anthropology?
What fields are forced to confront one another in anthropology?
What builds upon natural and social sciences?
Where did early anthropology originate?
What interdisciplinary fields has anthropology been central in the development of?
Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

Questions:
What were put in place to prevent the mix of races?
Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?
Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents?
What races were prohibited from official relationships with whites?
When were the laws against marriage between Asians and Europeans lifted?
When were anti-miscegenation laws passed?
Did these laws change behavior of white slaveholders and other powerful white men?
Which region has greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents?
Were there any laws against marriage between whites and Asians in the US?
Were Latino residents also prohibited from marrying whites? 
In the western US, who were not allowed to have relationships with whites?
When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?
Who were taking slaves as concubines?
Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and sulfonamides) have bactericidal activities. Those that target protein synthesis (macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic (with the exception of bactericidal aminoglycosides). Further categorization is based on their target specificity. "Narrow-spectrum" antibacterial antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics affect a wide range of bacteria. Following a 40-year hiatus in discovering new classes of antibacterial compounds, four new classes of antibacterial antibiotics have been brought into clinical use in the late 2000s and early 2010s: cyclic lipopeptides (such as daptomycin), glycylcyclines (such as tigecycline), oxazolidinones (such as linezolid), and lipiarmycins (such as fidaxomicin).

Questions:
Besides sprectrum of activity and chemical structure, how can antibacterial antibiotics classified?
What is another name used for bacterial cell wall?
whats another word for cell membrane?
How many new classes of antibacterial antibiotics was introduced in the late 2000's/
What three ways are antibiotics classified?
What do anitibiotics mostly target?
Which two types of antibiotics target the cell wall?
Which type of antibiotic goes after the cell membrane?
What 3 types go after protein synthesis?
Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to widespread problems with antimicrobial and antibiotic resistance, so much as to prompt the World Health Organization to classify antimicrobial resistance as a "serious threat [that] is no longer a prediction for the future, it is happening right now in every region of the world and has the potential to affect anyone, of any age, in any country".

Questions:
What is one disease that has been nearly eradicated thanks to vaccines and antibiotics?
What is one issue that can arise from overuse of antibiotics?
In which century were antibiotics first introduced?
What organization called antimicrobial resistance a 'serious threat?'
What can be affected by issues resulting from overuse of antibiotics?
In what century did antibiotics revolutionized medicine?
What other medicine worked along antibiotics to eradicate diseases like tuberculosis?
What does there medicines do for livestock?
What organization classifies this as a current serious threat in the whole world??
Besides antimicrobial, what did the overused medicine cause? 
When did antibiotics revolutinzed medicine?
What happened when antibiotics was over used in livestock?
What organization stated that the world has this serious problem?
What regions in the world does this apply in?
When were antibiotics created?
What disease did antibiotics help eliminate?
Who else uses antibiotics besides the medical industry?
What is a common problem in antibiotic use?
Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade.

Questions:
Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves?
What was the emblem?
What year was it replaced?
What kind of medal was replaced in 1974?
They continued to wear what the insignia of what?
Apart from the passing of noble titles or ranks, inheritance practices did not involve primogeniture; each son received an equal share of the family property. Unlike the practice in later dynasties, the father usually sent his adult married sons away with their portions of the family fortune. Daughters received a portion of the family fortune through their marriage dowries, though this was usually much less than the shares of sons. A different distribution of the remainder could be specified in a will, but it is unclear how common this was.

Questions:
Which family member commonly sent an adult married offspring away with their portion of the families fortune?
What type of document could be produced to distribute some of an inheritance?
How did daughters get their portion of the family fortune?
Was is guaranteed that a first born son would receive all of the family's fortune?
What type of title could be passed down?
Apollo was worshipped as Actiacus (/ækˈtaɪ.əkəs/ ak-TY-ə-kəs; Ἄκτιακός, Aktiakos, literally "Actian"), Delphinius (/dɛlˈfɪniəs/ del-FIN-ee-əs; Δελφίνιος, Delphinios, literally "Delphic"), and Pythius (/ˈpɪθiəs/ PITH-ee-əs; Πύθιος, Puthios, from Πυθώ, Pythō, the area around Delphi), after Actium (Ἄκτιον) and Delphi (Δελφοί) respectively, two of his principal places of worship. An etiology in the Homeric hymns associated the epithet "Delphinius" with dolphins. He was worshipped as Acraephius (/əˈkriːfiəs/ ə-KREE-fee-əs; Ἀκραιφιος,[clarification needed] Akraiphios, literally "Acraephian") or Acraephiaeus (/əˌkriːfiˈiːəs/ ə-KREE-fee-EE-əs; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally "Acraephian") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia (Ἀκραιφία), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus; and as Smintheus (/ˈsmɪnθjuːs/ SMIN-thews; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, "Sminthian"—that is, "of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus. The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with σμίνθος, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease. For this he was also known as Parnopius (/pɑːrˈnoʊpiəs/ par-NOH-pee-əs; Παρνόπιος, Parnopios, from πάρνοψ, "locust") and to the Romans as Culicarius (/ˌkjuːlᵻˈkæriəs/ KEW-li-KARR-ee-əs; from Latin culicārius, "of midges").

Questions:
The epithet Delphinius is associated with what animal?
What epithet has historically been confused with "mouse?"
Appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, the Viceroy of India, and the colonial governors, as well as on nominations from within the United Kingdom. As the Empire evolved into the Commonwealth, nominations continued to come from the Commonwealth realms, in which the monarch remained head of state. These overseas nominations have been discontinued in realms that have established their own Orders—such as the Order of Australia, the Order of Canada, and the New Zealand Order of Merit—but members of the Order are still appointed in the British Overseas Territories.

Questions:
How were the appointments to the Order of the British Empire made?
What evolved as the Commonwealth nominations continued?
What remained the head of state of the British Empire?
Why did the oversea nominations discontinue?
What countries established new orders?
Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua, the Puruhá, the Cañari, and the Saraguro. Linguistic evidence suggests that the Salascan and the Saraguro may have been the descendants of Bolivian ethnic groups transplanted to Ecuador as mitimaes.

Questions:
What percentage of Ecuador's indigenous population are Highland Quichuas?
Where do the Highland Quichuas live?
Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?
What language do the Highland Quichuas speak?
The Saraguro and Panzaleo are two of the member groups of what population?
Archaeologists excavating near the city have unearthed Iron Age sites that may date from 500 BCE. The region comprising modern Hyderabad and its surroundings was known as Golkonda (Golla Konda-"shepherd's hill"), and was ruled by the Chalukya dynasty from 624 CE to 1075 CE. Following the dissolution of the Chalukya empire into four parts in the 11th century, Golkonda came under the control of the Kakatiya dynasty from 1158, whose seat of power was at Warangal, 148 km (92 mi) northeast of modern Hyderabad.

Questions:
There may be Iron Age findings near Hyderabad, what age are they thought to be from?
What was the Hyderabad region known as under the Chalukya dynasty?
What time period did the Chalukya dynasty rule the Hyderabad region?
When did the Calukya empire split into four?
What was the capital of Golkonda in the mid 12th century?