the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
In the 16th century political and religious changes altered the attitude of historians towards John. Tudor historians were generally favourably inclined towards the king, focusing on John's opposition to the Papacy and his promotion of the special rights and prerogatives of a king. Revisionist histories written by John Foxe, William Tyndale and Robert Barnes portrayed John as an early Protestant hero, and John Foxe included the king in his Book of Martyrs. John Speed's Historie of Great Britaine in 1632 praised John's "great renown" as a king; he blamed the bias of medieval chroniclers for the king's poor reputation.

Questions:
When did political and religious changes alter the attitude of historians towards John?
Which historians were favourably inclined towards the king?
What praised John's "great renown" as a king?
In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 to 1360; the number of minority students more than doubled; the endowment grew from $350 million to more than $3 billion; the annual operating budget rose from $177 million to more than $650 million; and annual research funding improved from $15 million to more than $70 million. Notre Dame's most recent[when?] capital campaign raised $1.1 billion, far exceeding its goal of $767 million, and is the largest in the history of Catholic higher education.

Questions:
During what years was Edward Malloy president of Notre Dame?
The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?
What was the SAT score, on average, at Notre Dame when Edward Malloy became president?
When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment?
When Malloy reached the end of his time as president how much annuals funding for research did Notre Dame have?
In the 1874 general election, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported. She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the presbyterian Church of Scotland than the episcopal Church of England. He also pushed the Royal Titles Act 1876 through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title "Empress of India" from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the Delhi Durbar of 1 January 1877.

Questions:
In a general election of what year was Disraeli returned to power?
What year was the Public Worship Regulation Act passed?
What Church did Victoria consider herself aligned with?
What Act did Disraeli push through Parliment in 1876?
In 1876 Victoria held what title?
What removed Catholic Rituals from Anglican services? 
Which church did Queen Victoria consider her favorite? 
Who published the Royal Titles Act of 1876?
When was Queen Victoria named the Empress of India? 
Where was the new title of Empress of India proclaimed? 
When was Disraeli returned to office?
What change, supported by Victoria, did Disraeli make to the Anglician liturgy?
Where did Victoria really align herself when it came to religion?
What allowed Victoria to become the Empress of India?
Whic act, passed by Disraeli, allowed him to alter the Anglician liturgy?
In the 1920s and 1930s, air power theorists Giulio Douhet and Billy Mitchell espoused the idea that air forces could win wars by themselves, without a need for land and sea fighting. It was thought there was no defence against air attack, particularly at night. Enemy industry, their seats of government, factories and communications could be destroyed, effectively taking away their means to resist. It was also thought the bombing of residential centres would cause a collapse of civilian will, which might have led to the collapse of production and civil life. Democracies, where the populace was allowed to show overt disapproval of the ruling government, were thought particularly vulnerable. This thinking was prevalent in both the RAF and what was then known as the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) between the two world wars. RAF Bomber Command's policy in particular would attempt to achieve victory through the destruction of civilian will, communications and industry.

Questions:
In the 1920's and 30's to theorist thought wars could be won by air forces what were their names?
Bombing of civilian's was believed to cause what?
What kind of populace was believed to be most vulnerable?
What does USAAC stand for?
What kind of bombing raids were most favored?
In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen". After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age". Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism. In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales. In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, which allow her to be seen easily in a crowd.

Questions:
As what was Elizabeth portrayed in the 1950s?
What was the time after WWII heralded as?
Of what did Lord Altrincham say Elizabeth's speeches resembled?
What investiture featuring Prince Charles was televised in the late 1960s?
In the 1960s, what did Elizabeth begin wearing to events ?
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.

Questions:
What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
In the 1960s, the term bandes dessinées ("drawn strips") came into wide use in French to denote the medium. Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences, and the term "Ninth Art"[e] was coined, as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform. A group including René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo founded the magazine Pilote in 1959 to give artists greater freedom over their work. Goscinny and Uderzo's The Adventures of Asterix appeared in it and went on to become the best-selling French-language comics series. From 1960, the satirical and taboo-breaking Hara-Kiri defied censorship laws in the countercultural spirit that led to the May 1968 events.

Questions:
Comics for adults began to be called what?
What year did Pilote begin?
What became a best-seller comic in the French language?
In the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arpanet possible spread and evolved.

Questions:
ARPA is now known as what?
Who funded the linking of computers around the US in the 1970s?
In the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools, the law school is ranked 18th nationally, out of over 180 law schools. In particular, its Clinical Education Program is currently ranked 4th in the nation. This year, the median score placed the average student in the 96th percentile of test takers. The law school offers a full-time day program, beginning in August, for the J.D. degree. The law school is located in a state-of-the-art building, Anheuser-Busch Hall (opened in 1997). The building combines traditional architecture, a five-story open-stacks library, an integration of indoor and outdoor spaces, and the latest wireless and other technologies. National Jurist ranked Washington University 4th among the "25 Most Wired Law Schools."

Questions:
Where is the Washington University School of Law ranked in the 2015 US News & World Report America's Best Graduate Schools?
Where do students in the Washington University School of Law place among test takers on average?
When does full-time coursework J.D. begin at the  Washington University School of Law begin?
What building provides the location of the Washington University School of Law?
Where does the Washington University School of Law rank among "25 Most Wired Law Schools"?
In the 7th–9th centuries Rome fell under the influence of Byzantine art, noticeable on the mosaics of Santa Prassede, Santa Maria in Domnica, Sant'Agnese fuori le Mura, Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Santi Nereo e Achilleo and the San Venanzio chapel of San Giovanni in Laterano. The great dining hall of Pope Leo III in the Lateran Palace was also decorated with mosaics. They were all destroyed later except for one example, the so-called Triclinio Leoniano of which a copy was made in the 18th century. Another great work of Pope Leo, the apse mosaic of Santa Susanna, depicted Christ with the Pope and Charlemagne on one side, and SS. Susanna and Felicity on the other. It was plastered over during a renovation in 1585. Pope Paschal I (817–824) embellished the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco with an apsidal mosaic which depicted the pope with a model of the church (destroyed in 1607).

Questions:
During which centuries did ROme fall under the influence of Byzantine art?
The lateran Palace was decorated with what?
What do most mosaics from the 7th-9th centuries have in common?
When was the mosaic at the church of Santo Stefano del Cacco destroyed?
Which mosaic survived through the 9th century, and then had a copy made in the 18th?
In the American Old West, policing was often of very poor quality.[citation needed] The Army often provided some policing alongside poorly resourced sheriffs and temporarily organized posses.[citation needed] Public organizations were supplemented by private contractors, notably the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, which was hired by individuals, businessmen, local governments and the federal government. At its height, the Pinkerton Agency's numbers exceeded those of the United States Army.[citation needed]

Questions:
What were the Old West's local police options?
Which military branch helped the Old West's inadequate local police?
Which private contractor acted as police for businesses?
Which military branch did the Pinkertons exceed at their height?
In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile. The principles of textual criticism, although originally developed and refined for works of antiquity, the Bible, and Shakespeare, have been applied to many works, extending backwards from the present to the earliest known written documents, in Mesopotamia and Egypt—a period of about five millennia. However, the application of textual criticism to non-religious works does not antedate the invention of printing. While Christianity has been relatively receptive to textual criticism, application of it to the Jewish (Masoretic) Torah and the Qur'an is, to the devout, taboo.[citation needed]

Questions:
What is one reasons Shakespeare is a good place to focus on textual criticism?
Aside from Shakespeare, what is another book that is a major focus of textual criticism?
Name two of the oldest civilizations that textual criticism has focused on.
Why is there opposition to textual criticism of Jewish and Muslim religious books?
Over approximately what expanse of time can textual criticism be applied to written works?
In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes. Aristotle notes that the Hellenes were related with Grai/Greeks (Meteorologica I.xiv) a native name of a Dorian tribe in Epirus which was used by the Illyrians. He also claims that the great deluge must have occurred in the region around Dodona, where the Selloi dwelt. However, according to the Greek tradition it is more possible that the homeland of the Greeks was originally in central Greece. A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia. Greek colonists from Graia helped to found Cumae (900 BC) in Italy, where they were called Graeces. When the Romans encountered them they used this name for the colonists and then for all Greeks (Graeci.) The word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root *ǵerh2-/*ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek *gera-/grau-iu; the same root later gave γέρας geras (/keras/), "gift of honour" in Mycenean Greek. The Germanic languages borrowed the word Greeks with an initial "k" sound which probably was their initial sound closest to the Latin "g" at the time (Goth. Kreks). The area out of ancient Attica including Boeotia was called Graïke and is connected with the older deluge of Ogyges, the mythological ruler of Boeotia. The region was originally occupied by the Minyans who were autochthonous or Proto-Greek speaking people. In ancient Greek the name Ogygios came to mean "from earliest days".

Questions:
what does the author of the mortal female focused early example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector ?
What caused a name change according to the Chronicles of Parian ?
Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ?
What  is the origins of the term "old woman " ?
In the Iconoclastic era, figural mosaics were also condemned as idolatry. The Iconoclastic churches were embellished with plain gold mosaics with only one great cross in the apse like the Hagia Irene in Constantinople (after 740). There were similar crosses in the apses of the Hagia Sophia Church in Thessaloniki and in the Church of the Dormition in Nicaea. The crosses were substituted with the image of the Theotokos in both churches after the victory of the Iconodules (787–797 and in 8th–9th centuries respectively, the Dormition church was totally destroyed in 1922).

Questions:
Why were mosaics destroyed in the iconoclastic era?
What was the common mosaic theme of iconoclastic churches?
When did the Iconodules  change the cross in the Hagia Sophia?
When was the Dormition church destroyed? 
When did the Hagia Irene adapt the iconoclastic era mosaics?
In the May 23 season finale, Jordin Sparks was declared the winner with the runner-up being Blake Lewis. Sparks has had some success as a recording artist post-Idol.

Questions:
Who was the winner of American Idols sixth season?
Who came in second on season six of American Idol?
On what date did American Idol air its season six finale?
When was the finale aired?
Which contestant won the season?
In the Middle Ages, the Church and the worldly authorities were closely related. Martin Luther separated the religious and the worldly realms in principle (doctrine of the two kingdoms). The believers were obliged to use reason to govern the worldly sphere in an orderly and peaceful way. Luther's doctrine of the priesthood of all believers upgraded the role of laymen in the church considerably. The members of a congregation had the right to elect a minister and, if necessary, to vote for his dismissal (Treatise On the right and authority of a Christian assembly or congregation to judge all doctrines and to call, install and dismiss teachers, as testified in Scripture; 1523). Calvin strengthened this basically democratic approach by including elected laymen (church elders, presbyters) in his representative church government. The Huguenots added regional synods and a national synod, whose members were elected by the congregations, to Calvin's system of church self-government. This system was taken over by the other reformed churches.

Questions:
What was the name of the doctrine that separated church and non-religious affairs?
When was the treatise that allowed a congregation to elect or remove a minister?
Who added the election of laymen to church government?
Who added synods to church government?
What were Luther's followers advised to use when governing worldly affairs?
In the Midrash compilation, Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Berechiah mentions Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah as German tribes or as German lands. It may correspond to a Greek word that may have existed in the Greek dialect of the Palestinian Jews, or the text is corrupted from "Germanica." This view of Berechiah is based on the Talmud (Yoma 10a; Jerusalem Talmud Megillah 71b), where Gomer, the father of Ashkenaz, is translated by Germamia, which evidently stands for Germany, and which was suggested by the similarity of the sound.

Questions:
What is the name of the Midrash compilation?
What is the name of the Rabbi mentioned in relation to the Genesis Rabbah?
What are the three German tribes or German lands talked about by Rabbi Berechiah?
Rabbi Berechiah's view is based on what?
In the Pre-Modern era, many people's sense of self and purpose was often expressed via a faith in some form of deity, be that in a single God or in many gods. Pre-modern cultures have not been thought of creating a sense of distinct individuality, though. Religious officials, who often held positions of power, were the spiritual intermediaries to the common person. It was only through these intermediaries that the general masses had access to the divine. Tradition was sacred to ancient cultures and was unchanging and the social order of ceremony and morals in a culture could be strictly enforced.

Questions:
What did many people in the Pre-Modern era express their faith through?
What were Religious officials perceived as in the Pre-Modern era?
Through whom did the general masses have access to the divine?
What belief did ancient cultures consider sacred?
How were the moral standards of ancient cultures enforced?
Peoples sense of worth was expressed through what in the Pre-modern era?
Who were spiritual intermediates? 
Through who did the masses have access to the divine?
What belief was considered sacred by ancient civilizations?
What did social order mandate be strictly enforced?
In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.

Questions:
In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get?
In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?
In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?
In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye/яканье. Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and /x~xv~xw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). Some of these features such as akanye/yakanye, a debuccalized or lenited /ɡ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs are also present in modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian), indicating a linguistic continuum.

Questions:
What is pronounced [a] in Southern Russian?
What is pronounced [ɪ] in Moscow's dialect?
What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?
In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.

Questions:
Who led the congressional hearings?
What act needed provisions?
What were the major issues that needed to be addressed?
What caused a need for more regulation?
When did this push occur?
Congressional hearings emerged addressing revisions to what act?
Who led the Congressional hearings in 1959?
Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals?
In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers. During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention.

Questions:
Who introduced education requirements for US police?
Who was O.W. Wilson a student of?
Where did Wilson reduce police corruption?
Why did Wilson rotate officers between communities?
How did Wilson recruit more qualified police?
In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states".

Questions:
In the USA red states are known to do what, in terms of politics?
In the United States states that vote for Democratic presidential candidates are known as what?
How many days did the recount after the 2000 US election last for?
In what year did the concept of red and blue states become relatively fixed?
In the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud the name Gomer is rendered as Germania, which elsewhere in rabbinical literature was identified with Germanikia in northwestern Syria, but later became associated with Germania. Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, as early as a 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th-century History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertc'i (1.15) Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia, as it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Crimea and areas to the east. His contemporary Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories, and such usage covered also the lands of tribes neighboring the Slavs, and Eastern and Central Europe. In modern times, Samuel Krauss identified the Biblical "Ashkenaz" with Khazaria.

Questions:
In which tractate of the Babylonian Talmud is the name Gomer given as Germania?
Saadia Gaon identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or what territories?
Who identified Ashkenaz with the Saquliba or Slavic territories?
Even though Gomer is rendered as Germania in the Yoma tractate of the Babylonian Talmud, in other rabbinical literature it was identified with what?
Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia, which is viewed as what?
In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weapons, and unsuccessfully attempted to develop nuclear weapons. The period also saw a growth in domestic Islamist opposition, formulated into groups like the Muslim Brotherhood and the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group. A number of assassination attempts against Gaddafi were foiled, and in turn, 1989 saw the security forces raid mosques believed to be centres of counter-revolutionary preaching. In October 1993, elements of the increasingly marginalised army initiated a failed coup in Misrata, while in September 1995, Islamists launched an insurgency in Benghazi, and in July 1996 an anti-Gaddafist football riot broke out in Tripoli. The Revolutionary Committees experienced a resurgence to combat these Islamists.

Questions:
What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988?
What chemical weapon did Libya start making in 1987?
Where did Libya manufacture mustard gas?
Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?
Where did a Muslim insurgency take place in 1995?
In the city, 24.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.4 males.

Questions:
What percentage of the population was under the age of 18?
What percentage of the population was 65 years of age or older?
What was the median age?
In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and "Hot Number". Miami-area natives George McCrae and Teri DeSario were also popular music artists during the 1970s disco era. The Bee Gees moved to Miami in 1975 and have lived here ever since then. Miami-influenced, Gloria Estefan and the Miami Sound Machine, hit the popular music scene with their Cuban-oriented sound and had hits in the 1980s with "Conga" and "Bad Boys".

Questions:
What group performed the song "Hot Number"?
In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?
What band performed the song "Conga"?
What music label showcased KC and the Sunshine Band?
In what decade was disco popular?
In the early Sumerian Uruk period, the primitive pictograms suggest that sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated. They used oxen as their primary beasts of burden and donkeys or equids as their primary transport animal and "woollen clothing as well as rugs were made from the wool or hair of the animals. ... By the side of the house was an enclosed garden planted with trees and other plants; wheat and probably other cereals were sown in the fields, and the shaduf was already employed for the purpose of irrigation. Plants were also grown in pots or vases."

Questions:
When do the pictograms suggest Sumerians had domesticated livestock?
What was the primary purpose of oxen for Sumerians? 
What animal did Sumerians use primary to facilitate transportation?
What might be found by the side of a Sumerian house?
Where were plants also grown besides the garden?
In the early and mid-2000s, the Bush administration called numerous times for investigation into the safety and soundness of the GSEs and their swelling portfolio of subprime mortgages. On September 10, 2003, the House Financial Services Committee held a hearing at the urging of the administration to assess safety and soundness issues and to review a recent report by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) that had uncovered accounting discrepancies within the two entities. The hearings never resulted in new legislation or formal investigation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, as many of the committee members refused to accept the report and instead rebuked OFHEO for their attempt at regulation. Some believe this was an early warning to the systemic risk that the growing market in subprime mortgages posed to the U.S. financial system that went unheeded.

Questions:
Which administration called for investigation into the soundness of GSEs in the early and mid-2000s?
Who uncovered accounting discrepancies in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
On what date did the House Financial Services Committee hold a hearing to assess safety and soundness issues regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
What was the result of the House Financial Services Committee on September 10, 2003 regarding Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
Who rebuked OFHEO in 2003 for their attempt at regulation of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac?
In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the Georgian style was dominant in the country for most of the first half of the 19th century. The Grange, for example, a manor built in Toronto, was built in 1817. In Montreal, English born architect John Ostell worked on a significant number of remarkable constructions in the Georgian style such as the Old Montreal Custom House and the Grand séminaire de Montréal.

Questions:
What was the revival of Georgian style in twentieth century United States called?
Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain?
What Toronto building was built in 1817?
What English born architect designed the Old Montreal Custom House?
In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 American citizens dead. At the time of the attack, the U.S. was not officially at war anywhere in the world, which means that the people killed or property destroyed at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese attack had a non-combatant status.[nb 11] The Japanese had gambled that the United States, when faced with such a sudden and massive blow, would agree to a negotiated settlement and allow Japan free rein in Asia. This gamble did not pay off. American losses were less serious than initially thought: The American aircraft carriers, which would prove to be more important than battleships, were at sea, and vital naval infrastructure (fuel oil tanks, shipyard facilities, and a power station), submarine base, and signals intelligence units were unscathed. Japan's fallback strategy, relying on a war of attrition to make the U.S. come to terms, was beyond the IJN's capabilities.

Questions:
How many U.S. battleships were incapacitated in the Pearl Harbor attacks?
How many Americans died in the Pearl Harbor attacks?
Was America at war when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor?
Why did Japan attack America?
What were the most vital American ships at the time of the attack?
When did Japan launch the aattack on Pearl Harbor?
How many American battleships were put out of action in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
How many US citizens were killed in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
How many aircraft did the United States lose in the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
Where were the American aircraft carriers during the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan?
In the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Washington having an average of 137 inches (348 cm). Hawaii receives even more, with 460 inches (1,168 cm) measured annually on Mount Waialeale, in Kauai. The Mojave Desert, in the southwest, is home to the driest locale in the U.S. Yuma, Arizona, has an average of 2.63 inches (6.7 cm) of precipitation each year.

Questions:
Which regions in the East receives the most amount of snowfall?
Which region of the US receives the most amount of rainfall?
What is the average amount of rainfall that the Quinault rainforest in Washington receives?
Which state receives an average of 460 inches of rainfall per year?
What is the name of the desert that is located in the driest region in the US?
In the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairman of the State Planning Committee (GOSPLAN). At the next Central Committee meeting on October 15, Tikhonov retired from the Politburo and Talyzin became a candidate. Finally, on December 23, 1985, Gorbachev appointed Yeltsin First Secretary of the Moscow Communist Party replacing Viktor Grishin.

Questions:
Who became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985?
Who was Chairman of the Council of Ministers prior to Ryzhkov?
How old was Tikhonov when he stopped being Chairman?
What is an analogous office to Chairman of the Council of Ministers?
Who was the new chairman of the State Planning Committee in 1985?
In the far eastern part of the state the Chihuahuan Desert dominates due to low precipitation and extremely high temperatures; some areas of the eastern part of the state are so dry no vegetation is found like the Sand Dunes of Samalayuca. There are two distinctive climate zones found in the eastern part of the state: Hot Desert (BWh) and Cool Desert (BWk) which are differentiated by average annual temperature due to differences in elevation. There is a transition zone in the middle of the state between the two extremely different climates from the east and west; this zone is the Steppe characterized by a compromise between juxtaposed climate zones.

Questions:
What type of land dominates in the eastern part of the state?
Which city is known for its sand dunes?
Both types of climate zones in the eastern part of the state are what?
The transition zone between east and west is called what?
In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.

Questions:
Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?
 Many earlier built  freight elevators were controlled by what?
How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? 
A rheostat is the size and shape of what?
Where was the rheostat mounted?
In the first volume of his Parerga and Paralipomena, Schopenhauer wrote his "Sketch of a History of the Doctrine of the Ideal and the Real". He defined the ideal as being mental pictures that constitute subjective knowledge. The ideal, for him, is what can be attributed to our own minds. The images in our head are what comprise the ideal. Schopenhauer emphasized that we are restricted to our own consciousness. The world that appears is only a representation or mental picture of objects. We directly and immediately know only representations. All objects that are external to the mind are known indirectly through the mediation of our mind. He offered a history of the concept of the "ideal" as "ideational" or "existing in the mind as an image".

Questions:
Who wrote Parerga and Paralipomena?
According to Schopenhauer, to what can the ideal be attributed?
What did Schopenhauer believe we were restricted to?
What did Schopenhauer believe were the only things we could know?
What type of knowledge did Schopenhauer believe the ideal to be?
In the high Renaissance, in fact, there was a hope that more direct knowledge of the wisdom of antiquity, including the writings of the Church fathers, the earliest known Greek texts of the Christian Gospels, and in some cases even the Jewish Kabbalah, would initiate a harmonious new era of universal agreement. With this end in view, Renaissance Church authorities afforded humanists what in retrospect appears a remarkable degree of freedom of thought. One humanist, the Greek Orthodox Platonist Gemistus Pletho (1355–1452), based in Mystras, Greece (but in contact with humanists in Florence, Venice, and Rome) taught a Christianised version of pagan polytheism.

Questions:
 What is one religious text that was thought to eventually lead to a peace between all?
Who gave followers of Humanism the ability to think out of bounds?
What cities may have influenced the beliefs of Gemistus Pleto?
In the judgment of political scientist Randall Ripley, since 1883 "the candidate for Speaker nominated by the minority party has clearly been the Minority Leader." However, this assertion is subject to dispute. On December 3, 1883, the House elected Democrat John G. Carlisle of Kentucky as Speaker. Republicans placed in nomination for the speakership J. Warren Keifer of Ohio, who was Speaker the previous Congress. Clearly, Keifer was not the Republicans' minority leader. He was a discredited leader in part because as Speaker he arbitrarily handed out "choice jobs to close relatives ... all at handsome salaries." Keifer received "the empty honor of the minority nomination. But with it came a sting -- for while this naturally involves the floor leadership, he was deserted by his [partisan] associates and his career as a national figure terminated ingloriously." Representative Thomas Reed, R-ME, who later became Speaker, assumed the de facto role of minority floor leader in Keifer's stead. "[A]lthough Keifer was the minority's candidate for Speaker, Reed became its acknowledged leader, and ever after, so long as he served in the House, remained the most conspicuous member of his party.

Questions:
Who's contention is it that the minority party candidate is clearly Minority Leader since 1883?
Why was Keifer discredited/empty leader?
Although Keifer held minority leader role, who was actual gloof leader?
In the laboratory, bacteria are usually grown using solid or liquid media. Solid growth media, such as agar plates, are used to isolate pure cultures of a bacterial strain. However, liquid growth media are used when measurement of growth or large volumes of cells are required. Growth in stirred liquid media occurs as an even cell suspension, making the cultures easy to divide and transfer, although isolating single bacteria from liquid media is difficult. The use of selective media (media with specific nutrients added or deficient, or with antibiotics added) can help identify specific organisms.

Questions:
In what environment are bacteria being cultivated in labs?
What is typical solid setting?
Which media is preffered to grow larger volumes of bacteria?
Which environment is better to isolate a single example of bacteria strain?
What can help to indentify specific bacteria?
In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier. It is well known that hot objects glow, and that hotter objects glow brighter than cooler ones. The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass on a spring, and can come to thermal equilibrium with hot atoms. The hot object in equilibrium with light absorbs just as much light as it emits. If the object is black, meaning it absorbs all the light that hits it, then its thermal light emission is maximized.

Questions:
What was Planck studying in the last part of the nineteenth century?
Who posed the problem of black-body radiation?
Cooler objects glow less than objects that are what?
What does a black object do to any of the light that hits it?
What is maximized as a result of a black object absorbing all the light that hits it?
Planck studied what problem posed originally by Kirchhoff?
If an object is black, what is known about its thermal light emission?
What is known about the light absorption of a hot object in equilibrium with light?
Electromagnetic fields obey what laws?
In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union Party and significant U.S. investment in Newfoundland stemming from the U.S.-British alliance in World War II. The movement ultimately failed when, in a 1948 referendum, voters narrowly chose to confederate with Canada (the Economic Union Party supported an independent "responsible government" that they would then push toward their goals).

Questions:
When were the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland?
What was the result of the 1948 referendum?
What did the Economic Union Party support?
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one team held a lead at the end of the first period of extra time (silver goal). Golden goal was used at the World Cup in 1998 and 2002. The first World Cup game decided by a golden goal was France's victory over Paraguay in 1998. Germany was the first nation to score a golden goal in a major competition, beating Czech Republic in the final of Euro 1996. Silver goal was used in Euro 2004. Both these experiments have been discontinued by IFAB.

Questions:
Who experimented with creating winners without requiring penalty shootouts?
What is the golden goal?
Who was the first team to win using the golden goal to their advantage?
What team did France beat in 1998?
What year did the Czech Republic lose in the final of Euro?
In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.

Questions:
Who was a doctor?
Who was the doctor related to?
Who did the relative of the doctor marry?
Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute?
What tribe was Eastman related to?
In the latter part of the second revolution, Thomas Alva Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. In 1882, Edison switched on the world's first large-scale electrical supply network that provided 110 volts direct current to fifty-nine customers in lower Manhattan. Also toward the end of the second industrial revolution, Nikola Tesla made many contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Questions:
Thomas Edison is credited with?
What Did Thomas Edison switch to in 1882?
How many volts did Thomas Edison's electrical supply provide?
How many customers were supplied by Thomas Edison's electrical supply network?
Where was Thomas Edison's electrical supply network located?
In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

Questions:
What did he do when he thought he might be made Bishop?
Who did the Catholics of Alexandria want as their Bishop?
Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?
When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius?
In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years.

Questions:
In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time?
what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years?
why did King James I licence other trading companies from england?
Where was the first factory in south India?
What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England?
While the company was  giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable
how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james?