the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's replacement as early as January 2012 but alternatives from Luxembourg, Finland, and Slovenia were put forward and no decision made by May. After a long political battle, Luxembourg's Yves Mersch, was appointed as González-Páramo's replacement.

Questions:
Who did the Spanish want to take José Manuel González-Páramo's seat on the board?
Who was ulitmately named as González-Páramo's replacement?
When was González-Páramo's supposed to leave his seat on the board?
When did González-Páramo take his seat on the Executive Board?
Why did the Spanish think that Vicuña would be a suitable replacement for González-Páramo?
Journalist and author Thomas Laird, in his book The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama, writes that Wang and Nyima present the government viewpoint of the People's Republic of China in their Historical Status of China's Tibet, and fail to realize that China was "absorbed into a larger, non-Chinese political unit" during the Mongol Yuan dynasty, which Wang and Nyima paint as a characteristic Chinese dynasty succeeded by the Ming. Laird asserts that the ruling Mongol khans never administered Tibet as part of China and instead ruled them as separate territories, comparing the Mongols with the British who colonized India and New Zealand, yet stating this does not make India part of New Zealand as a consequence. Of later Mongol and Tibetan accounts interpreting the Mongol conquest of Tibet, Laird asserts that "they, like all non-Chinese historical narratives, never portray the Mongol subjugation of Tibet as a Chinese one."

Questions:
Who wrote the book The Story of Tibet?
who colonized India and New Zealand?
Who's viewpoint does Thomas Laird believe Wang and Nyima present?
João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was elected in 2005 as President of Guinea-Bissau as an independent, being declared winner of the second round by the CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições). Vieira returned to power in 2005 six years after being ousted from office during a civil war. Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup. In that action, he toppled the government of Luís Cabral.

Questions:
Who was elected as President in 2005?
What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?
How long was it since Vieira had held the office of president?
What year did Vieira first assume power?
Whose government did Vieira topple in 1980?
Juan Atkins, an originator of Detroit techno music, claims the term "house" reflected the exclusive association of particular tracks with particular clubs and DJs; those records helped differentiate the clubs and DJs, and thus were considered to be their "house" records. In an effort to maintain such exclusives, the DJs were inspired to create their own "house" records.

Questions:
What is Juan Atkins an originator of?
What did Atkins claim the term house reflected?
Why were DJs inspired to create their own house records?
Judaism shares some of the characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion, and a culture, making the definition of who is a Jew vary slightly depending on whether a religious or national approach to identity is used. Generally, in modern secular usage Jews include three groups: people who were born to a Jewish family regardless of whether or not they follow the religion, those who have some Jewish ancestral background or lineage (sometimes including those who do not have strictly matrilineal descent), and people without any Jewish ancestral background or lineage who have formally converted to Judaism and therefore are followers of the religion.

Questions:
In modern secular usage Jews include how many groups?
What makes the definition of a Jew vary slightly? 
Which religion shares some characteristics of a nation, an ethnicity, a religion and a culture?
Judge Taylor appoints Atticus to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycomb's citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus's actions, calling him a "nigger-lover". Scout is tempted to stand up for her father's honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus' and Tom's points of view.

Questions:
What was the name of the woman who was allegedly raped in the book?
What is the name of Atticus' client in the rape trial?
Who stopped the mob by shaming them?
Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus trace their origins, established Old East Slavic as a literary and commercial language. It was soon followed by the adoption of Christianity in 988 and the introduction of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic as the liturgical and official language. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well.

Questions:
When did Eastern Slavs become the dominant group in the area of Ukraine?
When was Kievan Rus' formed?
What countries did Kievan Rus' become?
What was the main language in Kievan Rus'?
When did Kievan Rus' adopt Christianity?
Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently. Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the structure of their flowers make it clear that the two groups are not closely related. The cladistic method takes a systematic approach to characters, distinguishing between those that carry no information about shared evolutionary history – such as those evolved separately in different groups (homoplasies) or those left over from ancestors (plesiomorphies) – and derived characters, which have been passed down from innovations in a shared ancestor (apomorphies). Only derived characters, such as the spine-producing areoles of cacti, provide evidence for descent from a common ancestor. The results of cladistic analyses are expressed as cladograms: tree-like diagrams showing the pattern of evolutionary branching and descent.

Questions:
Why might two plants be similar but not actually be in the same group?
How can two different plants acquire the same traits?
What traits show a shared ancestry?
How are common ancestries represented for plant families?
Judicial power—the power to decide cases and controversies—is vested in the Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. The judges must be appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate, hold office during good behavior and receive compensations that may not be diminished during their continuance in office. If a court's judges do not have such attributes, the court may not exercise the judicial power of the United States. Courts exercising the judicial power are called "constitutional courts."

Questions:
In what branch is the ability to try legal cases placed?
Who nominates justices for the U.S. Supreme Court?
Who must approve presidential appointees to the Supreme Court?
What is the term for judicial institutions exercising their power?
What is the power given to the supreme court and lower courts called?
Who appoints a judge?
Who gives the President advice and consent for a judge appointment?
Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's "fifty years of prosperity in five" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban planner in 1957, with 5550 people competing. Oscar Niemeyer, a close friend, was the chief architect of most public buildings and Roberto Burle Marx was the landscape designer. Brasília was built in 41 months, from 1956 to April 21, 1960, when it was officially inaugurated.

Questions:
When did Kubitschek become President of Brazil?
When did Kubitschek leave office?
Who ordered Brasilia be built?
How many people competed to be Brasilia's urban planner?
When was Brasilia inaugurated?
Just as Lee explores Jem's development in coming to grips with a racist and unjust society, Scout realizes what being female means, and several female characters influence her development. Scout's primary identification with her father and older brother allows her to describe the variety and depth of female characters in the novel both as one of them and as an outsider. Scout's primary female models are Calpurnia and her neighbor Miss Maudie, both of whom are strong willed, independent, and protective. Mayella Ewell also has an influence; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him. The female characters who comment the most on Scout's lack of willingness to adhere to a more feminine role are also those who promote the most racist and classist points of view. For example, Mrs. Dubose chastises Scout for not wearing a dress and camisole, and indicates she is ruining the family name by not doing so, in addition to insulting Atticus' intentions to defend Tom Robinson. By balancing the masculine influences of Atticus and Jem with the feminine influences of Calpurnia and Miss Maudie, one scholar writes, "Lee gradually demonstrates that Scout is becoming a feminist in the South, for with the use of first-person narration, she indicates that Scout/ Jean Louise still maintains the ambivalence about being a Southern lady she possessed as a child."

Questions:
Who are the main female role models for Scout during the story?
Who are Scout's two primary female models?
Who chastis Scout for the way she dresse and accuses her of ruining her family name?
Tomboy Scout grows up tto become what?
Just as Roman letters have a characteristic shape (lower-case letters mostly occupying the x-height, with ascenders or descenders on some letters), Chinese characters occupy a more or less square area in which the components of every character are written to fit in order to maintain a uniform size and shape, especially with small printed characters in Ming and sans-serif styles. Because of this, beginners often practise writing on squared graph paper, and the Chinese sometimes use the term "Square-Block Characters" (方块字 / 方塊字, fāngkuàizì), sometimes translated as tetragraph, in reference to Chinese characters.

Questions:
What have a characteristic shape?
What occupy a more or less space area?
What can sometimes be translated as tetragraph?
Just as Rome itself claimed the favour of the gods, so did some individual Romans. In the mid-to-late Republican era, and probably much earlier, many of Rome's leading clans acknowledged a divine or semi-divine ancestor and laid personal claim to their favour and cult, along with a share of their divinity. Most notably in the very late Republic, the Julii claimed Venus Genetrix as ancestor; this would be one of many foundations for the Imperial cult. The claim was further elaborated and justified in Vergil's poetic, Imperial vision of the past.

Questions:
What did many Romans claim in the Republican era?
What style of claim did Romans favor as a link to the gods?
Of what were such claims of deity relations the start?
What deity did the Julii claim as an ancestor?
What author further elaborated on the imperial claim of godhood?
Just as artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci – partaking of the zeitgeist though not himself a humanist – advocated study of human anatomy, nature, and weather to enrich Renaissance works of art, so Spanish-born humanist Juan Luis Vives (c. 1493–1540) advocated observation, craft, and practical techniques to improve the formal teaching of Aristotelian philosophy at the universities, helping to free them from the grip of Medieval Scholasticism. Thus, the stage was set for the adoption of an approach to natural philosophy, based on empirical observations and experimentation of the physical universe, making possible the advent of the age of scientific inquiry that followed the Renaissance.

Questions:
Who felt that the further examination and knowledge of studies in the arena of humanism could further art?
Who helped to further the movement away from Scholasticism of the time?
Where did this initiate?
What type of philosophy was essential to this forwarding of thought?
Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a branch of mathematics known as tuple calculus, he demonstrated that such a system could support all the operations of normal databases (inserting, updating etc.) as well as providing a simple system for finding and returning sets of data in a single operation.

Questions:
How does a program collect information using a navigational system?
What is used to solve the problem of looping?
What computer language came about as a result of the looping problem?
What type of math was used to create a system to find data sets?
Who used tuple calculus to show the functionality of databases?
Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.

Questions:
Who does an ISP pay for internet access?
Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?
What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?
what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?
Just as there is a need for tax shifting, there is also a need for subsidy shifting. Subsidies are not an inherently bad thing as many technologies and industries emerged through government subsidy schemes. The Stern Review explains that of 20 key innovations from the past 30 years, only one of the 14 was funded entirely by the private sector and nine were totally publicly funded. In terms of specific examples, the Internet was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government laboratories and research institutes. And the combination of the federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California helped to create the modern wind power industry.

Questions:
Besides tax shifting, what is another need?
What was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government labs and reserach institutes?
What helped create the modern wind power industry?
Just days before the relay supporters of Falun Gong demonstrated in front of the Chinese embassy in the Malaysian capital. As many as 1,000 personnel from the special police unit were expected to be deployed on the day of the relay. A Japanese family with Malaysian citizenship and their 5-year-old child who unfurled a Tibetan flag were hit by a group of Chinese nationals with plastic air-filled batons and heckled by a crowd of Chinese citizens during the confrontation at Independence Square where the relay began, and the Chinese group shouted: "Taiwan and Tibet belong to China." Later during the day, the Chinese volunteers forcefully took away placards from two other Malaysians protesting at the relay. One of the protesting Malaysian was hit in the head.

Questions:
Which supporters protested near the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?
Supporters of what demonstrated at the Chinese embassy in Malaysia?
What were a Japanese family who unveiled a Tibetan flag hit with?
What did the Chinese group yell?
What did Chinese volunteers take from two Malaysian demonstrators?
Just eight months into his presidency, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 suddenly transformed Bush into a wartime president. Bush's approval ratings surged to near 90%. Within a month, the forces of a coalition led by the United States entered Afghanistan, which had been sheltering Osama bin Laden, suspected mastermind of the September 11 attacks. By December, the Taliban had been removed as rulers of Kabul, although a long and ongoing reconstruction would follow, severely hampered by ongoing turmoil and violence within the country.

Questions:
What even occured during Bush's presidency that made him become a wartime president?
How long into Bush's presidency did tragedy occur on American soil?
Did Bush become disfavorable during the time of the 9/11 attacks?
How long did it take for the US military to respond by infiltrating Afghanistan?
By which month, were the Taliban no longer controlling Kabul?
Just in the last two decades,[when?] samurai have become more popular in America. “Hyperbolizing the samurai in such a way that they appear as a whole to be a loyal body of master warriors provides international interest in certain characters due to admirable traits” (Moscardi, N.D.). Through various medium, producers and writers have been capitalizing on the notion that Americans admire the samurai lifestyle. The animated series, Afro Samurai, became well-liked in American popular culture due to its blend of hack-and-slash animation and gritty urban music.

Questions:
Who said America hyperbolizes the samurai?
What kind of animation did Afro Samurai have?
What kind of music did Afro Samurai have?
Just over a quarter of the jobs available in the city are in the health and education sector. A further 19 per cent are property and other business and the third largest sector is wholesale and retail, which accounts for 16.2 percent. Between 1995 and 2004, the number of jobs in Southampton has increased by 18.5 per cent.

Questions:
What sector provides about a quarter of Southampton's available jobs?
What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in the property/other business sector?
What's the third largest sector providing jobs in Southampton?
By what percentage did available jobs increase in Southampton between 1995 and 2004?
What percentage of available jobs in Southampton are in wholesale and retail industries?
KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.

Questions:
What is the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?
When was the KU Endowment founded?
To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?
What do donors offer to the University of Kansas?
KU football dates from 1890, and has played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1968, and 2008. They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014. In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies. This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history, in which the Jayhawks went 12–1 (.923). The team plays at Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent a $31 million renovation to add the Anderson Family Football Complex, adding a football practice facility adjacent to the stadium complete with indoor partial practice field, weight room, and new locker room.

Questions:
When did KU start fielding a football team?
How many times has the team from the University of Kansas appeared in the Orange Bowl?
Who is the current head of KU's football program?
Who did KU defeat in the 2008 Orange Bowl?
What is the name of the facility that the KU football team plays in?
KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90.7 FM, and KANU, 91.5 FM. The university is host to several museums including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and the Spencer Museum of Art. The libraries of the University include the Watson Library, Spencer Research Library, and Anschutz Library, which commemorates the businessman Philip Anschutz, an alumnus of the University.

Questions:
What part of KU serves students learning about government?
What are two radio stations that broadcast from KU?
What is the name of a fine art institution on the campus of KU?
Which library is dedicated to a former student of the University of Kansas?
Whom is the Anschutz Library named for?
KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas. Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete college degrees. About 2,100 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 32. Programs available at the Edwards Campus include developmental psychology, public administration, social work, systems analysis, information technology, engineering management and design.

Questions:
In what city is the Edwards Campus located?
When was the Edwards Campus built?
Who are the main kinds of students at the Edwards Campus?
What is the average age of students on KU's Edwards Campus?
What can adult learners obtain through studying at the Edwards Campus of the University of Kansas?
KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965. The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations.

Questions:
What was launched in 1965 by the business school at KU?
What kind of applications did the interdisciplinary program help shape?
Which government agency used the applications that were informed by KU's interdisciplinary management program?
What NASA program benefited from the use of decision science applications?
In what year was a new interdisciplinary management program launched at KU's School of Business?
KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser. Lynx itself provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML.

Questions:
What division of the University of Kansas contributed to the development of the internet?
What kind of software is Lynx?
What was made possible by Lynx?
Kadamba (345 – 525 CE) was an ancient royal dynasty of Karnataka, India that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district. At the peak of their power under King Kakushtavarma, the Kadambas of Banavasi ruled large parts of modern Karnataka state. The dynasty was founded by Mayurasharma in 345 CE which at later times showed the potential of developing into imperial proportions, an indication to which is provided by the titles and epithets assumed by its rulers. King Mayurasharma defeated the armies of Pallavas of Kanchi possibly with help of some native tribes. The Kadamba fame reached its peak during the rule of Kakusthavarma, a notable ruler with whom even the kings of Gupta Dynasty of northern India cultivated marital alliances. The Kadambas were contemporaries of the Western Ganga Dynasty and together they formed the earliest native kingdoms to rule the land with absolute autonomy. The dynasty later continued to rule as a feudatory of larger Kannada empires, the Chalukya and the Rashtrakuta empires, for over five hundred years during which time they branched into minor dynasties known as the Kadambas of Goa, Kadambas of Halasi and Kadambas of Hangal.

Questions:
During what time did Kadamba rule northern Karnataka?
Where did the Kadamba dynasty originate?
What ruler ruled at the peak of Kadamba power?
Who founded the Kamdamba dynasty?
What dynasty made military alliances with the Kamdamba?
Kanye Omari West (/ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977) is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, rapper, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona.

Questions:
What year was Kanye born?
What kind of music does Kanye West perform?
What is Kanye West's middle name?
When is Kanye West's birthday?
Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor, and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son. West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago.

Questions:
What subject did Kanye's mother teach at her university?
What Georgia city was Kanye West born?
What was the name of the business that Kanye West helped fund in 2006?
Where did Kanye West's mother work before becoming his manager?
What was the name of Kanye West's high school?
Kanye West began his early production career in the mid-1990s, making beats primarily for burgeoning local artists, eventually developing a style that involved speeding up vocal samples from classic soul records. His first official production credits came at the age of nineteen when he produced eight tracks on Down to Earth, the 1996 debut album of a Chicago rapper named Grav. For a time, West acted as a ghost producer for Deric "D-Dot" Angelettie. Because of his association with D-Dot, West wasn't able to release a solo album, so he formed and became a member and producer of the Go-Getters, a late-1990s Chicago rap group composed of him, GLC, Timmy G, Really Doe, and Arrowstar. His group was managed by John "Monopoly" Johnson, Don Crowley, and Happy Lewis under the management firm Hustle Period. After attending a series of promotional photo shoots and making some radio appearances, The Go-Getters released their first and only studio album World Record Holders in 1999. The album featured other Chicago-based rappers such as Rhymefest, Mikkey Halsted, Miss Criss, and Shayla G. Meanwhile, the production was handled by West, Arrowstar, Boogz, and Brian "All Day" Miller.

Questions:
Who were the beats Kanye made in the 90's originally intended for?
What types of records did Kanye sample in his early career.
What music group did Kanye join when he couldn't release his solo album?
In what time period did Kanye begin producing?
When did Kanye West start his production career?
For which artist did Kanye West act as a ghost producer? 
What late 1990s Chicago rap group was Kanye West a member of?
What firm managed Kanye West's rap group? 
What year was the first Go-Getters album released?
Karl Marx published the Communist Manifesto in February 1848, with little attention. However, a few days later the French Revolution of 1848 broke out, which replaced the monarchy of Louis Philippe with the Second French Republic. In June 1848, Paris workers, disenchanted with the new government, built barricades and raised red flags. The new government called in the French Army to put down the uprising, the first of many such confrontations between the army and the new worker's movements in Europe.

Questions:
When was the Communist Manifesto first created?
Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
The French Revolution resulted in the fall of which monarch?
When did the 19th century workers of Paris construct barricades and hoist red flags to protest their new government?
Who was tasked with stopping the late 19th century worker uprisings in France?
Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an expression of devout belief. Karl's father Simon Siegmund Carl Popper was a lawyer from Bohemia and a doctor of law at the Vienna University, and mother Jenny Schiff was of Silesian and Hungarian descent. After establishing themselves in Vienna, the Poppers made a rapid social climb in Viennese society: Simon Siegmund Carl became a partner in the law firm of Vienna's liberal Burgomaster Herr Grübl and, after Grübl's death in 1898, Simon took over the business. (Malachi Hacohen records that Herr Grübl's first name was Raimund, after which Karl received his middle name. Popper himself, in his autobiography, erroneously recalls that Herr Grübl's first name was Carl.) His father was a bibliophile who had 12,000–14,000 volumes in his personal library. Popper inherited both the library and the disposition from him.

Questions:
In which city was Karl Popper born?
What religion did Popper's family observe during his youth?
Whose law firm did Popper's father join in Vienna?
What numerical range of volumes did Popper's father keep in his library?
What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father?
Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he quickly became disillusioned with the views expounded by Marxism, his flirtation with the ideology led him to distance himself from those who believed that spilling blood for the sake of a revolution was necessary. He came to realise that when it came to sacrificing human lives, one was to think and act with extreme prudence.

Questions:
What political philosophy that attracted Popper as a teenager had a profound influence on his thinking going forward?
For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist?
At which stage of life was Popper most strongly influenced by Marxist thinking?
How did Popper feel about Marxism after only a short time associating with other Marxists?
Karlheinz Brandenburg used a CD recording of Suzanne Vega's song "Tom's Diner" to assess and refine the MP3 compression algorithm. This song was chosen because of its nearly monophonic nature and wide spectral content, making it easier to hear imperfections in the compression format during playbacks. Some refer to Suzanne Vega as "The mother of MP3". This particular track has an interesting property in that the two channels are almost, but not completely, the same, leading to a case where Binaural Masking Level Depression causes spatial unmasking of noise artifacts unless the encoder properly recognizes the situation and applies corrections similar to those detailed in the MPEG-2 AAC psychoacoustic model. Some more critical audio excerpts (glockenspiel, triangle, accordion, etc.) were taken from the EBU V3/SQAM reference compact disc and have been used by professional sound engineers to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG Audio formats.

Questions:
What type of recording did Brandenburg use?
What did Brandenburg use the recording to refine?
What word describes the nature of the song used?
As a result of her song being used, Suzanne Vega is sometimes referred to as what?
Excerpts were taken from which reference compact disc to assess the subjective quality of the MPEG audio formats?
Kaszycka et al. (2009) in 2002–2003 surveyed European anthropologists' opinions toward the biological race concept. Three factors, country of academic education, discipline, and age, were found to be significant in differentiating the replies. Those educated in Western Europe, physical anthropologists, and middle-aged persons rejected race more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe, people in other branches of science, and those from both younger and older generations." The survey shows that the views on race are sociopolitically (ideologically) influenced and highly dependent on education."

Questions:
What years did Kaszycka survey Eureopean anthropolgists' opinions toward the biological race concept?
How many factors were found to be significant in differentiating the responses of European anthropologists?
What did the people educated in Western Europe reject more frequently than those educated in Eastern Europe?
How are views on race influenced?
What are views on race highly dependent on?
Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC), in order to promote international relations has established an International Relations Secretariat (IRC). KMC's first international relationship was established in 1975 with the city of Eugene, Oregon, United States. This activity has been further enhanced by establishing formal relationships with 8 other cities: Motsumoto City of Japan, Rochester of the USA, Yangon (formerly Rangoon) of Myanmar, Xi'an of the People's Republic of China, Minsk of Belarus, and Pyongyang of the Democratic Republic of Korea. KMC's constant endeavor is to enhance its interaction with SAARC countries, other International agencies and many other major cities of the world to achieve better urban management and developmental programs for Kathmandu.

Questions:
In what US state did Kathmandu first establish an international relationship?
What was Yangon previously known as?
With what Belorussian city does Kathmandu have a relationship?
In what year did Kathmandu create its initial international relationship?
What is KMC an initialism of?
Kathmandu had only one western-style restaurant in 1955. A large number of restaurants in Kathmandu have since opened, catering Nepali cuisine, Tibetan cuisine, Chinese cuisine and Indian cuisine in particular. Many other restaurants have opened to accommodate locals, expatriates, and tourists. The growth of tourism in Kathmandu has led to culinary creativity and the development of hybrid foods to accommodate for tourists such as American chop suey, which is a sweet-and-sour sauce with crispy noodles with a fried egg commonly added on top and other westernized adaptations of traditional cuisine. Continental cuisine can be found in selected places. International chain restaurants are rare, but some outlets of Pizza Hut and KFC have recently opened there. It also has several outlets of the international ice-cream chain Baskin-Robbins

Questions:
How many restaurants in the western style were present in Kathmandu circa 1955?
What chain restaurants are present in Kathmandu?
How is the egg in American chop suey prepared?
Along with locals and tourists, who eats at Kathmandu's restaurants?
Along with Nepali, Indian and Chinese cuisines, what cuisine has been a focus of Kathmandu restaurants?
Kathmandu has a larger proportion of tea drinkers than coffee drinkers. Tea is widely served but is extremely weak by western standards. It is richer and contains tea leaves boiled with milk, sugar and spices. Alcohol is widely drunk, and there are numerous local variants of alcoholic beverages. Drinking and driving is illegal, and authorities have a zero tolerance policy. Ailaa and thwon (alcohol made from rice) are the alcoholic beverages of Kathmandu, found in all the local bhattis (alcohol serving eateries). Chhyaang, tongba (fermented millet or barley) and rakshi are alcoholic beverages from other parts of Nepal which are found in Kathmandu. However, shops and bars in Kathmandu widely sell western and Nepali beers.

Questions:
What beverage is consumed by more people in Kathmandu, coffee or tea?
How might a western traveler find the tea served in Kathmandu?
What is used to make thwon?
What are bhattis?
What goes through a fermentation process to create tongba?
Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu.

Questions:
Contemporary Kathmandu art combines traditional influences with what type of art?
How many types are Nepali works of art typically divided into?
What do the Tibetans call traditional idealistic paintings?
What UK charity works on behalf of Kathmandu art?
What do the Nepalese call Thangkas?
Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant. The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley. An ancient canal once flowed from Nagarjuna hill through Balaju to Kathmandu; this canal is now extinct.

Questions:
How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?
Where did the canal that once terminated in Kathmandu originate?
How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?
Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu International Theater Festival, attracting artists from all over the world. A mini theater is also located at the Hanumandhoka Durbar Square, established by the Durbar Conservation and Promotion Committee.

Questions:
Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?
What year saw the beginning of the Aarohan Theater Group?
What gathering is the work of the Gurukul School of Theatre?
Who constructed the theater in Hanumandhoka Durbar Square?
Kathmandu is home to a number of museums and art galleries, including the National Museum of Nepal and the Natural History Museum of Nepal. Nepal's art and architecture is an amalgamation of two ancient religions, Hinduism and Buddhhism. These are amply reflected in the many temples, shrines, stupas, monasteries, and palaces in the seven well-defined Monument Zones of the Kathmandu valley are part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This amalgamation is also reflected in the planning and exhibitions in museums and art galleries throughout Kathmandu and its sister cities of Patan and Bhaktapur. The museums display unique artifacts and paintings from the 5th century CE to the present day, including archeological exportation.

Questions:
Along with the National Museum of Nepal, what notable Nepalese museum is present in Kathmandu?
From what time period are the oldest artifacts in Kathmandu museums?
Along with Buddhism, what religion has had a significant influence on Nepal?
What Kathmandu valley area was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO?
How many Monument Zones are present in the Kathmandu valley?
Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality. To the north the urban area extends into several Village Development Committees. However, the urban agglomeration extends well beyond the neighboring municipalities, e. g. to Bhaktapur and just about covers the entire Kathmandu valley.

Questions:
What river is south of Kathmandu?
What geographic portion of the Kathmandu Valley houses Kathmandu?
About how many feet above sea level is Kathmandu?
How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles?
Where does the Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City stand in relation to the Bagmati River?
Kathmandu valley is described as "an enormous treasure house of art and sculptures", which are made of wood, stone, metal, and terracotta, and found in profusion in temples, shrines, stupas, gompas, chaityasm and palaces. The art objects are also seen in street corners, lanes, private courtyards and in open ground. Most art is in the form of icons of gods and goddesses. Kathmandu valley has had this art treasure for a very long time, but received worldwide recognition only after the country opened to the outside world in 1950.

Questions:
Kathmandu valley contains art made of metal, terracotta, wood and what other substance?
What is the most typical type of art in the Kathmandu valley?
In what year could Nepal be said to have been discovered by the outside world?
Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as "KTM" or the "tri-city". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi).

Questions:
What country is Kathmandu the capital of?
What does Upa-Mahanagar mean in English?
Along with "KTM," what is another nickname of Kathmandu?
How many people lived in Kathmandu in 2011?
How many square kilometers in size is Kathmandu?
Katō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to "all samurai, regardless of rank" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to "...grasp the long and the short swords and to die". He also ordered his followers to put forth great effort in studying the military classics, especially those related to loyalty and filial piety. He is best known for his quote: "If a man does not investigate into the matter of Bushido daily, it will be difficult for him to die a brave and manly death. Thus it is essential to engrave this business of the warrior into one's mind well."

Questions:
When was Kato Kiyomasa in power?
When did Japan begin invading Korea?
When did Japan finish invading Korea?
What did Kato Kiyomasa think samurais' duty was?
What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day?
Kennedy ultimately decided to pursue what became the Apollo program, and on May 25 took the opportunity to ask for Congressional support in a Cold War speech titled "Special Message on Urgent National Needs". Full text

Questions:
The speech by Kennedy, "Special Message on Urgent National Needs" was delivered on what date?
Kenneth Gergen formulated additional classifications, which include the strategic manipulator, the pastiche personality, and the relational self. The strategic manipulator is a person who begins to regard all senses of identity merely as role-playing exercises, and who gradually becomes alienated from his or her social "self". The pastiche personality abandons all aspirations toward a true or "essential" identity, instead viewing social interactions as opportunities to play out, and hence become, the roles they play. Finally, the relational self is a perspective by which persons abandon all sense of exclusive self, and view all sense of identity in terms of social engagement with others. For Gergen, these strategies follow one another in phases, and they are linked to the increase in popularity of postmodern culture and the rise of telecommunications technology.

Questions:
Who formulated the classifications of strategic manipulator, pastiche personality and the relational self?
In what classification is a person who regards all experiences are role play and becomes alienated from his or her social self?
In what classification is a person who gives up the chance for a true self and adopts social perceptions of him or herself?
In what classification is a person who gives up their exclusive sense of self and defines him or herself only in terms of social engagement?
The strategic manipulator, pastiche personality, and relational self are linked to the rise of what culture?
Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome. The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames. However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards.

Questions:
Kenneth Samuel Wuest believes that the Biblical Christian term referenced people who did not acknowledge who?
In what city did the term Christians start?
When Peter endorsed the term, the term Christian was used instead of what other term?
Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth "of blue, and purple, and scarlet." The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning "colored twice with coccus." Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression "dyed in the grain."

Questions:
In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet?
What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english?
In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as?
What does Kokkos mean in english?
In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum?
Kerry "has emerged in the past few years as an important envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan during times of crisis," a Washington Post report stated in May 2011, as Kerry undertook another trip to the two countries. The killing of Osama bin Laden "has generated perhaps the most important crossroads yet," the report continued, as the senator spoke at a press conference and prepared to fly from Kabul to Pakistan. Among matters discussed during the May visit to Pakistan, under the general rubric of "recalibrating" the bilateral relationship, Kerry sought and retrieved from the Pakistanis the tail-section of the U.S. helicopter which had had to be abandoned at Abbottabad during the bin Laden strike. In 2013, Kerry met with Pakistan's army chief Gen. Ashfaq Parvez Kayani to discuss the peace process with the Taliban in Afghanistan.

Questions:
Who did the Washington Post say Kerry was an envoy for?
When did the Washington Post say Kerry was important envoy?
How, in May 2011, did the WaPo describe Bin Laden's killing?
What did Kerry get from the Pakistanis?
Who was Pakistan's army chief in 2013?