the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
At the 29 August Arab League summit in Khartoum, Nasser's usual commanding position had receded as the attending heads of state expected Saudi King Faisal to lead. A ceasefire in the Yemen War was declared and the summit concluded with the Khartoum Resolution. The Soviet Union soon resupplied the Egyptian military with about half of its former arsenals and broke diplomatic relations with Israel. Nasser cut relations with the US following the war, and, according to Aburish, his policy of "playing the superpowers against each other" ended. In November, Nasser accepted UN Resolution 242, which called for Israel's withdrawal from territories acquired in the war. His supporters claimed Nasser's move was meant to buy time to prepare for another confrontation with Israel, while his detractors believed his acceptance of the resolution signaled a waning interest in Palestinian independence.

Questions:
Where was the Arab League summit held?
What leader assumed a more prominent position due to Nasser's difficulites?
What agreement ended the Yemeni civil war?
What nation granted military aid to Egypt?
What document called for Israel to abandon land it obtained during the war?
At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. In 2010, Beyoncé was featured on Lady Gaga's single "Telephone" and its music video. The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. "Telephone" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

Questions:
How many awards was Beyonce nominated for at the 52nd Grammy Awards?
Beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist?
In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer?
How many number one singles did Beyonce now have after the song "Telephone"?
Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?
Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards?
What song was the sixth first place song for Beyonce?
Who else appeared with Beyonce in Telephone?
Who did they tie with for six top songs?
Who did Beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year?
How many nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony?
Who did Beyoncé tie with for the most Grammy nominations for female artists?
Beyoncé was a featured artist on which singer's hit, Telephone?
Who did Beyoncé and Lady Gaga tie with for the most number one hits since 1992?
At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In August, the cover of the September issue of Vogue magazine was unveiled online, Beyoncé as the cover star, becoming the first African-American artist and third African-American woman in general to cover the September issue. She headlined the 2015 Made in America festival in early September and also the Global Citizen Festival later that month. Beyoncé made an uncredited featured appearance on the track "Hymn for the Weekend" by British rock band Coldplay, on their seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015), which saw release in December. On January 7, 2016, Pepsi announced Beyoncé would perform alongside Coldplay at Super Bowl 50 in February. Knowles has previously performed at four Super Bowl shows throughout her career, serving as the main headliner of the 47th Super Bowl halftime show in 2013.

Questions:
How many awards did Beyonce take home with her at the 57th Grammy Awards?
Which artist beat Beyonce out for Album of the year?
Which magazine did Beyonce pose on the cover for in August of 2015?
Beyonce would perform with who at Superbowl 50?
Beyonce took home how many awards at the 57th Grammy Awards?
Beyonce lost to which artist for Album of the year?
Who did Beyonce perform next to during Superbowl 50?
If Beyonce won three Grammies in 2015, how many was she nominated for?
On what magazine was she the cover model?
Who would she perform with at Superbowl 50?
With what British band did Beyonce perform on their album?
How many awards was Beyoncé nominated for at the 57th annual Grammys?
How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 57th Annual Grammys?
Beyoncé lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer?
Which magazine did Beyoncé pose for the cover, making her the first black female artist to do so?
Who did Beyonce perform with at Super Bowl 50?
At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which the designer broke free from Romanesque forms. The architect entirely dispensed with the round arch in favour of the pointed arch and with cylindrical columns in favour of piers composed of clusters of shafts which lead into the mouldings of the arches. The transepts and nave were continued by Adam Locke in the same style and completed in about 1230. The character of the building is entirely Gothic. Wells Cathedral is thus considered the first truly Gothic cathedral.

Questions:
What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun?
Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?
Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral?
What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?
At the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as "von Bredow's Death Ride", which was held to prove that cavalry charges could still prevail on the battlefield. Use of traditional cavalry on the battlefields of 1914 proved to be disastrous, due to accurate, long-range rifle fire, machine-guns and artillery. Von Bredow's attack had succeeded only because of an unusually effective artillery bombardment just before the charge, along with favorable terrain that masked his approach.

Questions:
Who commanded the Prussian 12 Cavalry Brigade?
What did General von Bredow lead a charge against at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour?
What did von Bredow's Pyrrhic victory become known as?
What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields?
What was one of two factors that led von Bredow's narrow success on the battlefield?
At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford, under Captain Charles Lennox, the Taunton-Castle, Captain Edward Studd, Canton, Captain Abel Vyvyan, and Boddam, Captain George Palmer, and Ocean, Captain John Christian Lochner, had encountered Admiral de Sercey and his squadron of frigates. On this occasion the Indiamen also succeeded in bluffing their way to safety, and without any shots even being fired. Lastly, on 15 June 1795, the General Goddard played a large role in the capture of seven Dutch East Indiamen off St Helena.

Questions:
What was the most notable naval victory EIC  had?
what general played the biggest role in the capture of the seven Dutch East Indiamen?
Where were the 7 Dutch Easteast indiamen capture?
In 1797 how did the  Woodford  get to safety without firing one bullet?
in 1797 who was the captian of the Woodford that is first listed of the 5 captians?
At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times. This article was published a year after Gelett Burgess' The Wild Men of Paris, and two years prior to the Armory Show, which introduced astonished Americans, accustomed to realistic art, to the experimental styles of the European avant garde, including Fauvism, Cubism, and Futurism. The 1911 New York Times article portrayed works by Picasso, Matisse, Derain, Metzinger and others dated before 1909; not exhibited at the 1911 Salon. The article was titled The "Cubists" Dominate Paris' Fall Salon and subtitled Eccentric School of Painting Increases Its Vogue in the Current Art Exhibition - What Its Followers Attempt to Do.

Questions:
In what year did the New York Times review the Salon d'Automne?
What was the subtitle of the article published in 1911 in New York TImes about Cubism?
List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne?
At the University of Arizona, where records have been kept since 1894, the record maximum temperature was 115 °F (46 °C) on June 19, 1960, and July 28, 1995, and the record minimum temperature was 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 7, 1913. There are an average of 150.1 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 26.4 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Average annual precipitation is 11.15 in (283 mm). There is an average of 49 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1905 with 24.17 in (614 mm) and the driest year was 1924 with 5.07 in (129 mm). The most precipitation in one month was 7.56 in (192 mm) in July 1984. The most precipitation in 24 hours was 4.16 in (106 mm) on October 1, 1983. Annual snowfall averages 0.7 in (1.8 cm). The most snow in one year was 7.2 in (18 cm) in 1987. The most snow in one month was 6.0 in (15 cm) in January 1898 and March 1922.

Questions:
On what two occasions was Tucson's record high?
What was Tucson's record high?
What was Tucson's record low?
When was Tucson's record low?
What was Tucson's wettest year?
At the University of Manchester, a team under the leadership of Tom Kilburn designed and built a machine using the newly developed transistors instead of valves. Their first transistorised computer and the first in the world, was operational by 1953, and a second version was completed there in April 1955. However, the machine did make use of valves to generate its 125 kHz clock waveforms and in the circuitry to read and write on its magnetic drum memory, so it was not the first completely transistorized computer. That distinction goes to the Harwell CADET of 1955, built by the electronics division of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell.

Questions:
At the University of Manchester, who oversaw the building of a computer using transistors instead of valves?
The first transistorised computer was operational in what year?
What did the machine use to generate its clock waveforms?
Who built the Harwell CADET?
In what year was the Harwell CADET built?
At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the "sense data" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.

Questions:
Where did Hayek acquire his doctorates?
Where did Hayek learn about the brain?
What was the name of Hayek's first work?
With whom did Hayek establish the Geistkreis?
Where did first show his work?
At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it. When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'."

Questions:
Where did Kanye and his mother relocate when he was 10?
While staying in China, Kanye was the only what in his class?
How well did Kanye do in high school?
At what age did Kanye West relocate to China?
What University was the cause of West's mother moving the family to China?
At the age of 19, he wrote a report on his work and sent it to philologist Alexander Ellis, a colleague of his father (who would later be portrayed as Professor Henry Higgins in Pygmalion). Ellis immediately wrote back indicating that the experiments were similar to existing work in Germany, and also lent Bell a copy of Hermann von Helmholtz's work, The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music.

Questions:
Who did Bell get to read his work?
What country was doing work similar to Bell's?
Who wrote The Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music?
How old was Bell when he wrote his paper?
What fictional character is based on Alexander Ellis?
At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his musical contemporaries, including Robert Schumann. In 1835 he obtained French citizenship. After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska, from 1837 to 1847 he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer George Sand. A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838–39 was one of his most productive periods of composition. In his last years, he was financially supported by his admirer Jane Stirling, who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848. Through most of his life, Chopin suffered from poor health. He died in Paris in 1849, probably of tuberculosis.

Questions:
At what age did Frédéric move to Paris?
How many public performances was Frédéric estimated to have given during the remainder of his life?
In what year did Frédéric obtain citizenship in France?
In what area had Frédéric's most productive period of composition taken place?
What was Frédéric's most likely cause of death?
Where did he end up living when he was 21?
How many public shows did he perform during the last years of his life?
What other composer did Chopin develop a friendship with?
What year did he gain citizenship in France?
What is the name of the woman he had a relationship with from 1837-847?
At what age did Chopin move to Paris?
During the last 18 years he lived about how many times did Chopin perform in public?
What year did Chopin become a citizen of France?
In the last years of his life who was the person that supported him financially?
In what year did Chopin become a French citizen?
Who gave Chopin money in the last years of his life?
What was the likely cause of death for Chopin?
At the airport, where records have been kept since 1930, the record maximum temperature was 117 °F (47 °C) on June 26, 1990, and the record minimum temperature was 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 4, 1949. There is an average of 145.0 days annually with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and an average of 16.9 days with lows reaching or below the freezing mark. Measurable precipitation falls on an average of 53 days. The wettest year was 1983 with 21.86 in (555 mm) of precipitation, and the driest year was 1953 with 5.34 in (136 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 7.93 in (201 mm) in August 1955. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 3.93 in (100 mm) on July 29, 1958. Snow at the airport averages only 1.1 in (2.8 cm) annually. The most snow received in one year was 8.3 in (21 cm) and the most snow in one month was 6.8 in (17 cm) in December 1971.

Questions:
In what month did Tucson get the most rain?
When did Tucson get the most rain in 24 hours?
In what month did Tucson get the most snow?
In what year did Tucson get the most rain?
In what year did Tucson get the least rain?
At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after. In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, odes, pastorals, elegies, epigrams; dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy; historiography, rhetorical treatises, philosophical dialectics, and philosophical treatises all arose in this period. The two major lyrical poets were Sappho and Pindar. The Classical era also saw the dawn of drama.

Questions:
What are two works by Homer?
During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?
Who were two major lyrical poets?
When did drama first begin in history?
At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the capture of the towns of Rastenburg and Gumbinnen, in the Battle of Tannenberg in 1914 and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in 1915, the Russians were decisively defeated and forced to retreat. The Russians were followed by the German Army advancing into Russian territory.

Questions:
Which country invaded east Prussia in World War I?
Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia?
In what year did the battle of Tannenberg take place?
At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in. The remaining choice is given to the opposing captain. Before the resumption of play in the second half, the captain that did not have first choice in the first half is given first choice. Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.

Questions:
Which team calls heads or tails in the coin flip before a CFL game?
Who on a football team articulates the team's decision following the coin flip?
What can the team that wins the coin toss choose besides whether they wish to kick off or receive the ball?
Who makes a choice after the team that wins the coin toss has made their decision?
At the beginning of the 13th century, there were reasonably accurate Latin translations of the main works of almost all the intellectually crucial ancient authors, allowing a sound transfer of scientific ideas via both the universities and the monasteries. By then, the natural philosophy contained in these texts began to be extended by notable scholastics such as Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus and Duns Scotus. Precursors of the modern scientific method, influenced by earlier contributions of the Islamic world, can be seen already in Grosseteste's emphasis on mathematics as a way to understand nature, and in the empirical approach admired by Bacon, particularly in his Opus Majus. Pierre Duhem's provocative thesis of the Catholic Church's Condemnation of 1277 led to the study of medieval science as a serious discipline, "but no one in the field any longer endorses his view that modern science started in 1277". However, many scholars agree with Duhem's view that the Middle Ages were a period of important scientific developments.

Questions:
What language did the important scientific works get translated into for universities and monasteries?
Who favored empirical methods?
Who favored mathematics?
Who wrote the Catholic Church's Condemnation of 1277?
What era was important for scientific advancements?
At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", though he stated that they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us." The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]

Questions:
Who was to blame for communism and capitalism?
What reduced Germany’s need for Soviet goods?
Which political group created problems between the Soviet and German governments?
At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria. Up until 1912 the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.

Questions:
What empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain at the beginning of the 19th century?
When did the Ottoman Empire lose all of it's empire except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace?
The rise of what saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principalities and Bulgaria?
Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?
When did the Ottomans lose the territory of Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?
At the beginning of the Caliphate or Islamic Empire, the reliance on courts initially confined sponsorship and scholarly activities to major centres. Within several centuries, the development of Muslim educational institutions such as the madrasah and masjid eventually introduced such activities to provincial towns and dispersed them across the Islamic legal schools and Sufi orders. In addition to religious subjects, they also taught the "rational sciences," as varied as mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography, alchemy, philosophy, magic, and occultism, depending on the curriculum of the specific institution in question. The madaris, however, were not centres of advanced scientific study; scientific advances in Islam were usually carried out by scholars working under the patronage of royal courts. During this time,[when?] the Caliphate experienced a growth in literacy, having the highest literacy rate of the Middle Ages, comparable to classical Athens' literacy in antiquity but on a much larger scale. The emergence of the maktab and madrasa institutions played a fundamental role in the relatively high literacy rates of the medieval Islamic world.

Questions:
Who traditionally paid for scholars to study natural sciences?
What group of people had the highest literacy rates during the Middle Ages?
What schools had the biggest impact on the rising literacy rates in the Caliphate?
How long did it take for madaris to spread to smaller cities and towns?
At the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service as non-professional soldiers. The year of training was served in one of three branches of the armed forces: infantry, cavalry or navy. The year of active service was served either on the frontier, in a king's court or under the Minister of the Guards in the capital. A small professional (paid) standing army was stationed near the capital.

Questions:
What gender was expected to be conscripted into the military?
At what age could a male common expect to be conscripted into the military?
How long could a conscripted soldier expect to be in training for?
What was the lowest age a soldier could be conscripted after the end of Emperor Zhao's tenure?
Which Minister could a conscripted soldier expect to serve under during his year of service?
At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued development of the region and benefitted from influxes of refugees fleeing the turmoil in northern China. Industrial kilns were established and trade reached as far as Manchuria and Funan (south Vietnam).

Questions:
When was the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era?
What was home to the warlord Yan Baihu?
What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan eventually establish?
Where was their court in Kuaiji removed to?
Along with Manchuria, where did trade reach as far as?
At the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, thirteen centrally controlled commanderies—including the capital region—existed in the western third of the empire, while the eastern two-thirds were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms. To placate his prominent commanders from the war with Chu, Emperor Gaozu enfeoffed some of them as kings. By 157 BC, the Han court had replaced all of these kings with royal Liu family members, since the loyalty of non-relatives to the throne was questioned. After several insurrections by Han kings—the largest being the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC—the imperial court enacted a series of reforms beginning in 145 BC limiting the size and power of these kingdoms and dividing their former territories into new centrally controlled commanderies. Kings were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court. Kings became nominal heads of their fiefs and collected a portion of tax revenues as their personal incomes. The kingdoms were never entirely abolished and existed throughout the remainder of Western and Eastern Han.

Questions:
How many commanderies were in the western third of the empire?
Who could appoint staff to the kings?
When was the Rebellion of the Seven States?
From what source did kings derive their personal income from?
The Han court replaced several kings with members of what royal family?
At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. This is a Chinese-style saloon enhanced by Queen Mary, who, working with the designer Sir Charles Allom, created a more "binding" Chinese theme in the late 1920s, although the lacquer doors were brought from Brighton in 1873. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the great gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. It has mirrored doors, and mirrored cross walls reflecting porcelain pagodas and other oriental furniture from Brighton. The Chinese Luncheon Room and Yellow Drawing Room are situated at each end of this gallery, with the Centre Room obviously placed in the centre.

Questions:
Which room has the famous balcony used by the royals?
What is the main theme of the Centre Room?
Which Queen enhanced the Chinese theme of the Centre Room in the 1920s?
The lacquer doors in the Centre Room were brought from Brighton in which year?
The Principle Corridor features which type of doors?
Which room feature the famous balcony?
Which designer did Queen Mary work with to enhance the Centre Room?
The Principle Corridor has which type of doors?
What year were the lacquer doors brought from Brighton?
At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League. The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe.

Questions:
In 1991, was a proposal for a new league postponed?
What did this agreement establish?
When was the Founder Members Agreement signed?
Would the new top division have commerical independence from the Football Association as well as the Football League?
Would the FA Premier League be able to negotiate their broadcasting and sponsorship agreements?
On which day was the Founder Members Agreement signed?
What was the argument made for the splitting off of the FA Premier League which would lead to being able to compete across Europe?
In which year was the proposal for a new league tabled?
At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque architecture, the pointed arch, the ribbed vault, the ambulatory with radiating chapels, the clustered columns supporting ribs springing in different directions and the flying buttresses which enabled the insertion of large clerestory windows.

Questions:
When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?
What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? 
What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?
What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?
What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?
At the concluding Treaty of Utrecht, Philip renounced his and his descendants' right to the French throne and Spain lost its empire in Europe. The British Empire was territorially enlarged: from France, Britain gained Newfoundland and Acadia, and from Spain, Gibraltar and Minorca. Gibraltar became a critical naval base and allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean. Spain also ceded the rights to the lucrative asiento (permission to sell slaves in Spanish America) to Britain.

Questions:
King Philip renounced his right to the throne after what treaty?
Which country did Britain acquire Newfoundland and Acadia from?
Which country did Britain acquire Gibraltar and Minorca from?
Which colony allowed Britain to control the Atlantic entry and exit point to the Mediterranean?
What was the Spanish term for permission to sell slaves in Spanish America?
At the dawn of the Grand Lodge era, during the 1720s, James Anderson composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons, the basis for most subsequent constitutions, which specifically excluded women from Freemasonry. As Freemasonry spread, continental masons began to include their ladies in Lodges of Adoption, which worked three degrees with the same names as the men's but different content. The French officially abandoned the experiment in the early 19th century. Later organisations with a similar aim emerged in the United States, but distinguished the names of the degrees from those of male masonry.

Questions:
When were the first constitutions for Freemasonry printed?
Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasonry?
Which group was specifically excluded from Freemasonry in the printed constitutions?
What was created for women as Freemasonry began to spread?
When was the idea of the Lodges for Adoption abandoned?
When was the dawn of the Grand Lodge era?
Who composed the first printed constitutions for Freemasons?
Who is excluded from Freemasonry?
What were lodges called that included women?
Who abandoned the including of women in Freemasonry experiment in the early 19'th century?
At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth interventions that mutually assist both the needs of the community as well as psychologically stranded youth by focusing on risky and inappropriate behaviors while promoting positive self-development along with self-esteem among adolescents.

Questions:
What is DIS?
What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to?
What does the DIS focus on in adolescents?
At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.

Questions:
Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?
The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?
The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was destroyed?
At the end of 1831, Chopin received the first major endorsement from an outstanding contemporary when Robert Schumann, reviewing the Op. 2 Variations in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung (his first published article on music), declared: "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius." On 26 February 1832 Chopin gave a debut Paris concert at the Salle Pleyel which drew universal admiration. The critic François-Joseph Fétis wrote in the Revue et gazette musicale: "Here is a young man who ... taking no model, has found, if not a complete renewal of piano music, ... an abundance of original ideas of a kind to be found nowhere else ..." After this concert, Chopin realized that his essentially intimate keyboard technique was not optimal for large concert spaces. Later that year he was introduced to the wealthy Rothschild banking family, whose patronage also opened doors for him to other private salons (social gatherings of the aristocracy and artistic and literary elite). By the end of 1832 Chopin had established himself among the Parisian musical elite, and had earned the respect of his peers such as Hiller, Liszt, and Berlioz. He no longer depended financially upon his father, and in the winter of 1832 he began earning a handsome income from publishing his works and teaching piano to affluent students from all over Europe. This freed him from the strains of public concert-giving, which he disliked.

Questions:
Who gave Frédéric his first significant public approval in regards to his compositions?
On what date did Frédéric give his first performance at the Salle Pleyel?
What is stated as a hindrance for Frédéric's ability to perform in large concert spaces?
Who did Frédéric rely upon financially before earning a great income from his works?
From whom did Chopin receive his first big endorsement?
When did Chopin debut at Salle Pleyel ?
What affluent family did Chopin gain a patronage from?
When did Chopin receive his first major endorsement from Robert Schumann?
What did Chopin realize was not ideal for larger spaces after his first successful concert in Paris?
Once Chopin stopped performing concerts, how did he earn his income?
At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company). Brian May's website also stated that Rodgers would be "featured with" Queen as "Queen + Paul Rodgers", not replacing Mercury. The retired John Deacon would not be participating. In November 2004, Queen were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and the award ceremony was the first event at which Rodgers joined May and Taylor as vocalist.

Questions:
Paul Rodgers joined Queen in what year?
Paul Rodgers used to be the lead singer of what two bands?
Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion?
In what year was Queen inducted in the UK Hall of Fame?
At the end of May 1942, Eisenhower accompanied Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold, commanding general of the Army Air Forces, to London to assess the effectiveness of the theater commander in England, Maj. Gen. James E. Chaney. He returned to Washington on June 3 with a pessimistic assessment, stating he had an "uneasy feeling" about Chaney and his staff. On June 23, 1942, he returned to London as Commanding General, European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA), based in London and with a house on Coombe, Kingston upon Thames, and replaced Chaney. He was promoted to lieutenant general on July 7.

Questions:
As of May 1942, who commanded the Army Air Forces?
To what city did Eisenhower travel to May 1942?
What appointment did Eisenhower receive on June 23, 1942?
Who commanded the English theater in May 1942?
To what rank was Eisenhower promoted on July 7, 1942?
At the end of November, Chopin returned to Paris. He passed the winter in unremitting illness, but gave occasional lessons and was visited by friends, including Delacroix and Franchomme. Occasionally he played, or accompanied the singing of Delfina Potocka, for his friends. During the summer of 1849, his friends found him an apartment in Chaillot, out of the centre of the city, for which the rent was secretly subsidised by an admirer, Princess Obreskoff. Here in June 1849 he was visited by Jenny Lind.

Questions:
Who did Chopin play for while she sang?
In 1849 where did Chopin live?
Who was anonymously paying for Chopin's apartment?
When did Chopin return to Paris?
Chopin accompanied which singer for friends?
Where did his friends found Chopin an apartment in 1849?
Who paid for Chopin's apartment in Chaillot?
When did Jenny Lind visit Chopin?
At the end of World War II Soviet troops occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils remains in dispute with Japan.

Questions:
Along with Sakhalin Island, what islands were occupied by the Soviets after the Second World War?
What administrative division did Sakhalin Island become a part of?
The ownership of what islands are disputed with Japan?
At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part of the Holy Roman Empire, but local rulers exercised considerable autonomy. France, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Portugal, Scotland, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, Sicily and Cyprus were independent kingdoms, as was the Angevin Empire, whose Plantagenet kings ruled England and large domains in what was to become modern France. Norway came under the influence of England, while the other Scandinavian countries and Poland were influenced by trading contacts with the Hanseatic League. Angevin kings brought the Gothic tradition from France to Southern Italy, while Lusignan kings introduced French Gothic architecture to Cyprus.

Questions:
At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms?
What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as?
What modern country contains regions in which Plantagenet kings controlled large domains?
Poland was affected by trade connections with what League?
What type of kings brought the Gothic style from France to Southern Italy?
At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe.

Questions:
Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century?
In what year did the Battle of Varna take place?
Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna?
Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446?
Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai?
At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.

Questions:
When was the British East India Company chartered?
When was the Dutch East India Company chartered?
When had the British East India Company overtaken the Dutch East India Company in sales?
How many Anglo-Dutch Wars were there in the 17th century?
The Dutch East India Company focused on trade in which industry?
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.

Questions:
When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation of Estonians to the USSR. In the decade following the reconstitution of independence, large-scale emigration by ethnic Russians and the removal of the Russian military bases in 1994 caused the proportion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 69% in 2006.

Questions:
How did Estonians view the demographic change of less ethnic Estonians?
What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?
What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?
At the end of the 1990s, Israel, under the leadership of Benjamin Netanyahu, withdrew from Hebron, and signed the Wye River Memorandum, giving greater control to the Palestinian National Authority. Ehud Barak, elected Prime Minister in 1999, began the new millennium by withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon and conducting negotiations with Palestinian Authority Chairman Yasser Arafat and U.S. President Bill Clinton at the 2000 Camp David Summit. During the summit, Barak offered a plan for the establishment of a Palestinian state. The proposed state included the entirety of the Gaza Strip and over 90% of the West Bank with Jerusalem as a shared capital, although some argue that the plan was to annex areas which would lead to a cantonization of the West Bank into three blocs, which the Palestinian delegation likened to South African "bantustans", a loaded word that was disputed by the Israeli and American negotiators. Each side blamed the other for the failure of the talks.

Questions:
Who led Israel in the 1990s?
What did Benjamin Netanyahu sign?
Who was elected Prime Minister in 1999?
At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.

Questions:
What divided Greece into two political groups?
How many governments did Greece have in World War 1?
When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight?
Greece's multiple governments came together in what year?
At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545.

Questions:
Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors?
Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays?
In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels?
What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts?
In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed?