the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Although the elements usually must be soluble in the liquid state, they may not always be soluble in the solid state. If the metals remain soluble when solid, the alloy forms a solid solution, becoming a homogeneous structure consisting of identical crystals, called a phase. If the mixture cools and the constituents become insoluble, they may separate to form two or more different types of crystals, creating a heterogeneous microstructure of different phases. However, in other alloys, the insoluble elements may not separate until after crystallization occurs. These alloys are called intermetallic alloys because, if cooled very quickly, they first crystallize as a homogeneous phase, but they are supersaturated with the secondary constituents. As time passes, the atoms of these supersaturated alloys separate within the crystals, forming intermetallic phases that serve to reinforce the crystals internally.

Questions:
What causes an alloy to form a solid solution?
What is the purpose of intermetallic phases?
What are alloys called when the insoluble elements don't separate until after crystallization occurs?
Although the etymology of the name has been studied since the 7th century by authors like Isidore of Seville —who wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls", relating the name to the Greek word for milk—, currently scholars derive the name of the ancient Callaeci either from Proto-Indo-European *kal-n-eH2 'hill', through a local relational suffix -aik-, so meaning 'the hill (people)'; or either from Proto-Celtic *kallī- 'forest', so meaning 'the forest (people)'. In any case, Galicia, being per se a derivation of the ethnic name Kallaikói, would mean 'the land of the Galicians'.

Questions:
Which author wrote that "Galicians are called so, because of their fair skin, as the Gauls"?
Which original ethnic name is "Galicia" derived from?
What does Galicia's name mean?
Although the existence of dictionaries and encyclopedias spanned into ancient times, the texts changed from simply defining words in a long running list to far more detailed discussions of those words in 18th-century encyclopedic dictionaries. The works were part of an Enlightenment movement to systematize knowledge and provide education to a wider audience than the elite. As the 18th century progressed, the content of encyclopedias also changed according to readers' tastes. Volumes tended to focus more strongly on secular affairs, particularly science and technology, rather than matters of theology.

Questions:
How did dictionaries and encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
What movement were dictionaries and encyclopedias trying to promote?
How did the content of encyclopedias change in the 18th century?
Encyclopedias in the 18th century tended to focus more strongly on what topics, rather than theology?
Although the firearms used by the infantry, particularly machine guns, can be used to engage low altitude air targets, on occasion with notable success, their effectiveness is generally limited and the muzzle flashes reveal infantry positions. Speed and altitude of modern jet aircraft limit target opportunities, and critical systems may be armored in aircraft designed for the ground attack role. Adaptations of the standard autocannon, originally intended for air-to-ground use, and heavier artillery systems were commonly used for most anti-aircraft gunnery, starting with standard pieces on new mountings, and evolving to specially designed guns with much higher performance prior to World War II.

Questions:
What did the muzzle flashes of the firearms used by the infantry reveal?
Along with speed of the modern jet, what else limits target opportunities?
Heavier artillery systems were typically used for what?
Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming. It also remained a largely obscure format in Europe and Australia. By contrast, the format was much more popular in Japan and in the more affluent regions of Southeast Asia, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia, being the prevalent rental video medium in Hong Kong during the 1990s. Its superior video and audio quality did make it a somewhat popular choice among videophiles and film enthusiasts during its lifespan.

Questions:
Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS?
Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America?
With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality?
In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s?
Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies.

Questions:
When was importation of slaves banned in Saint Helena?
The emancipation of the slaves of Saint Helena did not take place until what year?
Who banned slavery in their colonies?
Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on Saint Helena?
Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices.

Questions:
Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?
A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?
What work did Vesalius push the study of?
What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities?
Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote "By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was "very blitzy".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:

Questions:
What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?
With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?
People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?
Although the majority of journeys involving central London are made by public transport, car travel is common in the suburbs. The inner ring road (around the city centre), the North and South Circular roads (in the suburbs), and the outer orbital motorway (the M25, outside the built-up area) encircle the city and are intersected by a number of busy radial routes—but very few motorways penetrate into inner London. A plan for a comprehensive network of motorways throughout the city (the Ringways Plan) was prepared in the 1960s but was mostly cancelled in the early 1970s. The M25 is the longest ring-road motorway in the world at 121.5 mi (195.5 km) long. The A1 and M1 connect London to Leeds, and Newcastle and Edinburgh.

Questions:
What type of roadway is widely recognizable in the center of London?
What failed plan to install a major network of roadways within the City of London were eventually scrapped in the 1970s?
London is connected to Leeds, Newcastle, and Edinburgh through what motorways?
How long is the M25 motorway?
Automobile transportation is primarily used in what areas of London?
Although the new licensing laws prevented new beer houses from being created, those already in existence were allowed to continue and many did not close until nearly the end of the 19th century. A very small number remained into the 21st century. The vast majority of the beer houses applied for the new licences and became full pubs. These usually small establishments can still be identified in many towns, seemingly oddly located in the middle of otherwise terraced housing part way up a street, unlike purpose-built pubs that are usually found on corners or road junctions. Many of today's respected real ale micro-brewers in the UK started as home based Beer House brewers under the 1830 Act.

Questions:
What establishments did beer houses become after buying an additional license?
By the end of what century were most beer houses closed?
Where are purpose-built pubs typically located?
What modern brewers often first began as beer houses?
Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1960s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined. Initial theoretical predictions of the number of human genes were as high as 2,000,000. Early experimental measures indicated there to be 50,000–100,000 transcribed genes (expressed sequence tags). Subsequently, the sequencing in the Human Genome Project indicated that many of these transcripts were alternative variants of the same genes, and the total number of protein-coding genes was revised down to ~20,000 with 13 genes encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs.

Questions:
Since when has the number of base pairs of DNA in the human genome been known?
What was the highest initial theoretical prediction of the number of human genes?
What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were?
After the Human Genome Project, how many genes were encoded on the mitochondrial genome?
What percentage of the human genome consists of protein coding genes?
Although the numbered streets begin just north of East Houston Street in the East Village, they generally do not extend west into Greenwich Village, which already had streets when the grid plan was laid out by the Commissioners' Plan of 1811. Streets that do continue farther west change direction before reaching the Hudson River. The grid covers the length of the island from 14th Street north.

Questions:
The grid covers the length of the island from what starting point?
Which street do numbered streets begin just north of?
In what village is East Houston Street located?
Which Village already had streets when the grid plan was laid out?
Who laid out the Grid Plan?
Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.

Questions:
What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?
When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?
When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?
What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?
Although the same basic components are present in all vertebrate brains, some branches of vertebrate evolution have led to substantial distortions of brain geometry, especially in the forebrain area. The brain of a shark shows the basic components in a straightforward way, but in teleost fishes (the great majority of existing fish species), the forebrain has become "everted", like a sock turned inside out. In birds, there are also major changes in forebrain structure. These distortions can make it difficult to match brain components from one species with those of another species.

Questions:
The forebrain is everted in what type of fishes?
Which part of the brain has led to many distortions among different species?
Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the schemata which compose the self-concept (the "Me"). In the latter field, theorists have shown interest in relating the self-concept to self-esteem, the differences between complex and simple ways of organizing self-knowledge, and the links between those organizing principles and the processing of information (Cote & Levin 2002).

Questions:
What is distinct from the self?
What can the literature of self-psychology offer insight into?
What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept?
The I and the Me are two areas of interest in what?
Although the structural model provided by the University of Paris, where student members are controlled by faculty "masters," provided a standard for universities, the application of this model took at least three different forms. There were universities that had a system of faculties whose teaching addressed a very specific curriculum; this model tended to train specialists. There was a collegiate or tutorial model based on the system at University of Oxford where teaching and organization was decentralized and knowledge was more of a generalist nature. There were also universities that combined these models, using the collegiate model but having a centralized organization.

Questions:
What were the faculty who supervised students in the University of Paris called?
The structure of the University of Paris served as what for other universities?
What type of student did schools that focus on very specific topics aim to create?
Which university had teaching which was more general, and not centralized?
How many styles did the University of Paris model end up taking when applied to other universities?
Although the two displayed great respect and admiration for each other, their friendship was uneasy and had some qualities of a love-hate relationship. Harold C. Schonberg believes that Chopin displayed a "tinge of jealousy and spite" towards Liszt's virtuosity on the piano, and others have also argued that he had become enchanted with Liszt's theatricality, showmanship and success. Liszt was the dedicatee of Chopin's Op. 10 Études, and his performance of them prompted the composer to write to Hiller, "I should like to rob him of the way he plays my studies." However, Chopin expressed annoyance in 1843 when Liszt performed one of his nocturnes with the addition of numerous intricate embellishments, at which Chopin remarked that he should play the music as written or not play it at all, forcing an apology. Most biographers of Chopin state that after this the two had little to do with each other, although in his letters dated as late as 1848 he still referred to him as "my friend Liszt". Some commentators point to events in the two men's romantic lives which led to a rift between them; there are claims that Liszt had displayed jealousy of his mistress Marie d'Agoult's obsession with Chopin, while others believe that Chopin had become concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with George Sand.

Questions:
What term describes the qualities of the relationship between Frédéric and Liszt?
What three qualities of Liszt are stated to have captivated Frédéric?
What did Frédéric receive from Liszt when the latter performed a nocturne with certain embellishments added?
What did Frédéric introduce Liszt as in when referring to him in his letters up to 1848?
What piece did Chopin dedicate to Liszt?
What was the name of Liszt's mistress?
Who did Chopin dedicate the Op. 10 Études to?
Who apologized to Chopin for adding embellishments to a musical piece he perforemed that was written by Chopin?
What was the name of Liszt's mistress?
Who did Chopin write to displaying his desire to take away a performers ability to play his music?
What was the name of the man who biogrpahers think Chopin was concerned about Liszt's growing relationship with?
Although theoretically a collegial body operating through consensus building, Gaddafi dominated the RCC, although some of the others attempted to constrain what they saw as his excesses. Gaddafi remained the government's public face, with the identities of the other RCC members only being publicly revealed on 10 January 1970. All young men from (typically rural) working and middle-class backgrounds, none had university degrees; in this way they were distinct from the wealthy, highly educated conservatives who previously governed the country.

Questions:
How did Gaddafi staff the RCC members?
Why did Gaddafi select these men as RCC members?
Whose face was most closely associated with Libya's new government?
Did everyone endorse Gaddafi?
On what date were the members of the RCC announced?
What was the general age group of the members of the RCC?
How many members of the RCC had graduated from university?
What was the sex of all the members of the RCC?
Along with the working class, what was the class background of RCC members?
Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans after the invasion of 43 AD. This lasted only until around 61, when the Iceni tribe led by Queen Boudica stormed it, burning it to the ground. The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100. At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000.

Questions:
Who was the leader of the Iceni tribe?
What was Roman London's population in the 2nd century?
The Romans invaded what is now London and established its first major settlement in what year?
What was the capital of Britannia before Londinium?
Who invaded and destroyed the first major settlement of Roman London in 61 AD?
Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

Questions:
How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back
 What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide 
What was built along the Rhine 
How many soldiers did the fortress hold 
Who settled near the fort
Although there were a number of department stores in Australia for much of the 20th Century, including chains such as Grace Bros. and Waltons, many disappeared during the 1980s and 1990s. Today Myer and David Jones, located nationally, are practically the national department stores duopoly in Australia. When Russian-born migrant, Sidney Myer, came to Australia in 1899 he formed the Myer retail group with his brother, Elcon Myer. In 1900, they opened the first Myer department store, in Bendigo, Victoria. Since then, the Myer retail group has grown to be Australia's largest retailer. Both, Myer and David Jones, are up-market chains, offering a wide variety of products from mid-range names to luxury brands. Other retail chain stores such as Target (unrelated to the American chain of the same name), Venture (now defunct), Kmart and Big W, also located nationally, are considered to be Australia's discount department stores. Harris Scarfe, though only operating in four states and one territory, is a department store using both the large full-line and small discount department store formats. Most department stores in Australia have their own credit card companies, each having their own benefits while the discount department stores do not have their own credit card rights.

Questions:
What were some of the original Australian department stores? 
When did Sydney Myer come to Australia? 
Where did the Myer Retail Group open it's first store? 
What type of department stores are Myer and David Jones? 
What department store brand is now out of business in Australia?
Although they did not fix their schedules to the clock in the modern sense, ancient civilizations adjusted daily schedules to the sun more flexibly than modern DST does, often dividing daylight into twelve hours regardless of day length, so that each daylight hour was longer during summer. For example, Roman water clocks had different scales for different months of the year: at Rome's latitude the third hour from sunrise, hora tertia, started by modern standards at 09:02 solar time and lasted 44 minutes at the winter solstice, but at the summer solstice it started at 06:58 and lasted 75 minutes. After ancient times, equal-length civil hours eventually supplanted unequal, so civil time no longer varies by season. Unequal hours are still used in a few traditional settings, such as some Mount Athos monasteries and all Jewish ceremonies.

Questions:
What kind of clocks did the Romans use?
What did the Romans call the third hour before sunrise?
During the summer solstice, for how many minutes did hora tertia last for the Romans?
What type of religious ceremonies are still observed according to the traditional, unequal time settings?
Although this period had been productive, the bad weather had such a detrimental effect on Chopin's health that Sand determined to leave the island. To avoid further customs duties, Sand sold the piano to a local French couple, the Canuts.[n 8] The group traveled first to Barcelona, then to Marseilles, where they stayed for a few months while Chopin convalesced. In May 1839 they headed for the summer to Sand's estate at Nohant, where they spent most summers until 1846. In autumn they returned to Paris, where Chopin's apartment at 5 rue Tronchet was close to Sand's rented accommodation at the rue Pigalle. He frequently visited Sand in the evenings, but both retained some independence. In 1842 he and Sand moved to the Square d'Orléans, living in adjacent buildings.

Questions:
What is stated as having a negative effect on Frédéric's health during this productive time?
What culture of French people did Sand sell the piano to?
What city did the group travel to in order to help Frédéric recover?
Where was Sand's estate located where they stayed for the summers until 1846?
Where did Frédéric and Sand move to in 1842 in buildings next to each other?
Who did Sand sell Chopin's piano to?
Where did the group travel to after Barcelona?
Where was Sand's home?
After returning to Paris where was Chopin's apartment?
In 1842 where did Chopin and Sand move?
What had a negative effect on Chopin's health?
Who did Sand sell the piano to?
Where did they travel after leaving Barcelona?
Where did Chopin and Sand move to in 1842?
Where did they spend most summers until 1846?
Although unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize the sensation of pain but suffer little, or not at all. Indifference to pain can also rarely be present from birth; these people have normal nerves on medical investigations, and find pain unpleasant, but do not avoid repetition of the pain stimulus.

Questions:
Which type of injection has caused patients to report they have pain but aren't bothered by it?
How much do some patients going through psychosurgery suffer from the sensation of pain?
IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part?
What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness?
What perspective towards pain are some people with perfectly normal nerves born with?
Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category.

Questions:
What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?
In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?
There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?
In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option?
Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.

Questions:
Who created the Gateway Arch in St. Louis?
What airport was designed by Alumnus Eero Saarinen?
What did Alumnus Eero Saarinen use for inspiration for Ingalls Rink at Yale?
What counterpoints Yale's gothic towers?
Of what nationality is Alumnus Eero Saarinen?
Amateur football is governed by Football Canada. At the university level, 26 teams play in four conferences under the auspices of Canadian Interuniversity Sport; the CIS champion is awarded the Vanier Cup. Junior football is played by many after high school before joining the university ranks. There are 20 junior teams in three divisions in the Canadian Junior Football League competing for the Canadian Bowl. The Quebec Junior Football League includes teams from Ontario and Quebec who battle for the Manson Cup.

Questions:
Which organization oversees amateur Canadian football?
How many football teams compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport?
Which trophy goes to the Canadian Interuniversity Sport football champion?
What is the name of the championship game for junior Canadian football teams?
Which provinces field teams in the Quebec Junior Football League?
Amensalism is an interaction where an organism inflicts harm to another organism without any costs or benefits received by the other. A clear case of amensalism is where sheep or cattle trample grass. Whilst the presence of the grass causes negligible detrimental effects to the animal's hoof, the grass suffers from being crushed. Amensalism is often used to describe strongly asymmetrical competitive interactions, such as has been observed between the Spanish ibex and weevils of the genus Timarcha which feed upon the same type of shrub. Whilst the presence of the weevil has almost no influence on food availability, the presence of ibex has an enormous detrimental effect on weevil numbers, as they consume significant quantities of plant matter and incidentally ingest the weevils upon it.

Questions:
What organisms is the ibex in an amensalistic relationship with?
What does the Spanish ibex eat?
What type of relationship is it when large animals crush small plants?
Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and antibiosis. Competition is where a larger or stronger organisms deprives a smaller or weaker one from a resource. Antibiosis occurs when one organism is damaged or killed by another through a chemical secretion. An example of competition is a sapling growing under the shadow of a mature tree. The mature tree can begin to rob the sapling of necessary sunlight and, if the mature tree is very large, it can take up rainwater and deplete soil nutrients. Throughout the process the mature tree is unaffected. Indeed, if the sapling dies, the mature tree gains nutrients from the decaying sapling. Note that these nutrients become available because of the sapling's decomposition, rather than from the living sapling, which would be a case of parasitism.[citation needed] An example of antibiosis is Juglans nigra (black walnut), secreting juglone, a substance which destroys many herbaceous plants within its root zone.

Questions:
What is the name for the kind of symbiosis in which one organism is seriously harmed and there is no affect on the other?
What kinds of amensalism are there?
When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it?
What does the black walnut give out that kills plants?
American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000.

Questions:
In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television? 
How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale?
How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014? 
How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season? 
By what season was Idol the  highest advertising cost of all shows?
How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8?
American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez, and jazz singer Harry Connick, Jr. The show was originally hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, with Seacrest continuing on for the rest of the seasons.

Questions:
What record producer was an original judge on American Idol?
What comedian was an original host on American Idol? 
What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol? 
Who was a host on all seasons of American Idol?
What comedian was an original host on American Idol?
What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?
What actress is a judge on the most current season of American Idol?
Which original judge was a record producer and music manager?
Which original judge was a choreographer?
Which original judge was a music executive?
Which judge is a country music singer?
Which judge is a jazz singer?
American Idol has traditionally released studio recordings of contestants' performances as well as the winner's coronation single for sale. For the first five seasons, the recordings were released as a compilation album at the end of the season. All five of these albums reached the top ten in Billboard 200 which made then American Idol the most successful soundtrack franchise of any motion picture or television program. Starting late in season five, individual performances were released during the season as digital downloads, initially from the American Idol official website only. In season seven the live performances and studio recordings were made available during the season from iTunes when it joined as a sponsor. In Season ten the weekly studio recordings were also released as compilation digital album straight after performance night.

Questions:
When did iTunes become a sponsor on American Idol? 
For how many seasons did American Idol put out a compilation of hits at seasons end? 
What company has released studio recordings from American Idol since season seven?
Idol releases both the performances as well as what for sale?
How were the recordings released for the initial five seasons?
Because all five were in the top ten of Billboard's charts, this made Idol what?
Who joined Idol as a sponsor in season seven?
American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most successful shows in the history of American television. The concept of the series is to find new solo recording artists, with the winner being determined by the viewers in America. Winners chosen by viewers through telephone, Internet, and SMS text voting were Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Fantasia Barrino, Carrie Underwood, Taylor Hicks, Jordin Sparks, David Cook, Kris Allen, Lee DeWyze, Scotty McCreery, Phillip Phillips, Candice Glover, Caleb Johnson, and Nick Fradiani.

Questions:
Who is the creator of American Idol?
What company produces American idol?
What year did American Idol begin airing?
What British show is American Idols format based on?
What television network does American Idol air on?
What company produces American Idol?
What British series is American Idols format based on?
Who created American Idol?
Who produced American Idol?
When did American Idol first air on TV?
What British show was American Idol based on?
American Idol is broadcast to over 100 nations outside of the United States. In most nations these are not live broadcasts and may be tape delayed by several days or weeks. In Canada, the first thirteen seasons of American Idol were aired live by CTV and/or CTV Two, in simulcast with Fox. CTV dropped Idol after its thirteenth season and in August 2014, Yes TV announced that it had picked up Canadian rights to American Idol beginning in its 2015 season.

Questions:
How many different countries air American Idol on television? 
What network broadcasted American Idol live in Canada for thirteen seasons? 
In what year did CTV stop showing live broadcasts of American Idol? 
What Canadian network began airing American Idol in 2015? 
How many nations receive the Idol broadcast?
Who aired the first thirteen seasons in Canada?
Who stated in August 2014 that they picked up the rights beginning in its 2015 season?
American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching some part of that show. That episode was placed third amongst all age groups, but more importantly it led in the 18–49 demographic, the age group most valued by advertisers.

Questions:
What year did American Idol being to air on television? 
How many people watched the first episode of American Idol? 
How many people on average watched the American Idol finale in its first season? 
What season of the year did American Idol first air on television? 
When did American Idol premiere?
How many people watched the first episode of American Idol?
What was the average for viewership by finale night?
American Idol prominent display of its sponsors' logo and products had been noted since the early seasons. By season six, Idol showed 4,349 product placements according to Nielsen Media Research. The branded entertainment integration proved beneficial to its advertisers – promotion of AT&T text-messaging as a means to vote successfully introduced the technology into the wider culture, and Coca-Cola has seen its equity increased during the show.

Questions:
What service did AT&T promote on American Idol as a way of voting? 
How many product placements had Idol shown by season six?
American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added other elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public (which at the time was already in use in shows such as the Eurovision Song Contest), the drama of backstories and real-life soap opera unfolding in real time. The show debuted in 2001 in Britain with Lythgoe as showrunner‍—‌the executive producer and production leader‍—‌and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, and was a big success with the viewing public.

Questions:
What show in New Zealand was the inspiration for the British Series Pop Idol?
Who was the creator of British Series Pop Idol?
What year did Pop Idol make its television debut?
Who was a judge on the British series Pop Idol in 2001?
Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?
What show was Pop Idols based on?
Who saw Popstars while in Australia and wanted Britain to have the same thing?
In addition to back stories and drama, what did Fuller add to the show?
When did Pop Idol premiere in Britain?
Who was the executive producer of Pop Idol?
American Idol was nominated for the Emmy's Outstanding Reality Competition Program for nine years but never won. Director Bruce Gower won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing For A Variety, Music Or Comedy Series in 2009, and the show won a Creative Arts Emmys each in 2007 and 2008, three in 2009, and two in 2011, as well as a Governor's Award in 2007 for its Idol Gives Back edition. It won the People's Choice Award, which honors the popular culture of the previous year as voted by the public, for favorite competition/reality show in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011 and 2012. It won the first Critics' Choice Television Award in 2011 for Best Reality Competition.

Questions:
How many nominations has American Idol received for Outstanding Reality Competition Program?  
What director win an Emmy Award for his work on American Idol? 
How many total Emmy Awards has American Idol won? 
What American Idol special received a Governors Award in 2007?
How many times was American Idol nominated for an Emmy?
What award did American Idol win for its Idol Gives Back charity work?
American University economist George Ayittey accused the Arab government of Sudan of practicing acts of racism against black citizens. According to Ayittey, "In Sudan... the Arabs monopolized power and excluded blacks – Arab apartheid." Many African commentators joined Ayittey in accusing Sudan of practising Arab apartheid.

Questions:
Who accused the Arab government of practicing acts of racism?
Who executed the apartheid?
Who was excluded?
Where were they?
What is George Ayittey's profession?
American Virgil "Gus" Grissom repeated Shepard's suborbital flight in Liberty Bell 7 on July 21, 1961. Almost a year after the Soviet Union put a human into orbit, astronaut John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth, on February 20, 1962. His Mercury-Atlas 6 mission completed three orbits in the Friendship 7 spacecraft, and splashed down safely in the Atlantic Ocean, after a tense reentry, due to what falsely appeared from the telemetry data to be a loose heat-shield. As the first American in orbit, Glenn became a national hero, and received a ticker-tape parade in New York City, reminiscent of that given for Charles Lindbergh. On February 23, 1962, President Kennedy escorted him in a parade at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, where he awarded Glenn with the NASA service medal.

Questions:
The first American to orbit around the planet was whom?
When did John Glenn orbit the Earth?
Where did John Glenn land on Earth after coming back from orbit?
John Glenn's spaceship was named what when he orbited the Earth?
American comic books have adopted the character type for stories of their own like the mutant-villain Silver Samurai of Marvel Comics. The design of this character preserves the samurai appearance; the villain is “Clad in traditional gleaming samurai armor and wielding an energy charged katana” (Buxton, 2013). Not only does the Silver Samurai make over 350 comic book appearances, the character is playable in several video games, such as Marvel Vs. Capcom 1 and 2. In 2013, the samurai villain was depicted in James Mangold’s film The Wolverine. Ten years before the Wolverine debuted, another film helped pave the way to ensure the samurai were made known to American cinema: A film released in 2003 titled The Last Samurai, starring Tom Cruise, is inspired by the samurai way of life. In the film, Cruise’s character finds himself deeply immersed in samurai culture. The character in the film, “Nathan Algren, is a fictional contrivance to make nineteenth-century Japanese history less foreign to American viewers”.(Ravina, 2010) After being captured by a group of samurai rebels, he becomes empathetic towards the cause they fight for. Taking place during the Meiji Period, Tom Cruise plays the role of US Army Captain Nathan Algren, who travels to Japan to train a rookie army in fighting off samurai rebel groups. Becoming a product of his environment, Algren joins the samurai clan in an attempt to rescue a captured samurai leader. “By the end of the film, he has clearly taken on many of the samurai traits, such as zen-like mastery of the sword, and a budding understanding of spirituality”. (Manion, 2006)

Questions:
In what company's comics did Silver Samurai appear?
What is Silver Samurai's weapon?
How many comic books has Silver Samurai appeared in?
Who starred in The Last Samurai?
Who did Tom Cruise play in The Last Samurai?
American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour. Between 1896 and 1901 cartoonists experimented with sequentiality, movement, and speech balloons.

Questions:
Which outlet did comic supplements find success in?
Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip?
American concerns that they had fallen behind the Soviet Union in the race to space led quickly to a push by legislators and educators for greater emphasis on mathematics and the physical sciences in American schools. The United States' National Defense Education Act of 1958 increased funding for these goals from childhood education through the post-graduate level.

Questions:
The United States' National Defense Education Act was established in what year?
American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. Miles Copeland, Jr. , once described as Nasser's closest Western adviser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.

Questions:
What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary?
What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability?
Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?
Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor?
American sociology in the 1940s and 1950s was dominated largely by Talcott Parsons, who argued that aspects of society that promoted structural integration were therefore "functional". This structural functionalism approach was questioned in the 1960s, when sociologists came to see this approach as merely a justification for inequalities present in the status quo. In reaction, conflict theory was developed, which was based in part on the philosophies of Karl Marx. Conflict theorists saw society as an arena in which different groups compete for control over resources. Symbolic interactionism also came to be regarded as central to sociological thinking. Erving Goffman saw social interactions as a stage performance, with individuals preparing "backstage" and attempting to control their audience through impression management. While these theories are currently prominent in sociological thought, other approaches exist, including feminist theory, post-structuralism, rational choice theory, and postmodernism.

Questions:
Who was the major proponent of American sociology?
What did Parsons believe made a functional society?
What was the problem with the views of Parsons?
What idea from Karl Marx was used to combat the problems with structural integration?
What is the main belief of conflict theory?
Americans of English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina. Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities, the Spanish were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to migrate into Florida unchecked. These migrants, mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period, would be the progenitors of the population known as Florida Crackers.

Questions:
Where did English and Scotch Irish descent move to Florida from 
Backwoods settlers of Northern Florida are known as 
Were the Spanish able to police the backwoods settlements