the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
In the Roman era, copper was principally mined on Cyprus, the origin of the name of the metal from aes сyprium (metal of Cyprus), later corrupted to сuprum, from which the words copper (English), cuivre (French), Koper (Dutch) and Kupfer (German) are all derived. Its compounds are commonly encountered as copper(II) salts, which often impart blue or green colors to minerals such as azurite, malachite and turquoise and have been widely used historically as pigments. Architectural structures built with copper corrode to give green verdigris (or patina). Decorative art prominently features copper, both by itself and in the form of pigments.

Questions:
Where was copper mostly mined at in the Roman era?
What term does the name copper originate from?
What componds are common in copper?
What is one color common in copper salts?
What is the name of the color pigment on building structures that are made using copper.
In the Romantic era, the modern piano, with a more powerful, sustained tone and a wider range took over from the more delicate-sounding fortepiano. In the orchestra, the existing Classical instruments and sections were retained (string section, woodwinds, brass and percussion), but these sections were typically expanded to make a fuller, bigger sound. For example, while a Baroque orchestra may have had two double bass players, a Romantic orchestra could have as many as ten. "As music grew more expressive, the standard orchestral palette just wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers."  New woodwind instruments were added, such as the contrabassoon, bass clarinet and piccolo and new percussion instruments were added, including xylophones, drums, celestes (a bell-like keyboard instrument), large orchestral harps, bells, and triangles  and even wind machines for sound effects.

Questions:
What instrument did the modern piano take over for in the Romantic era?
How many double bass players were typically used in the Baroque orchestra?
What wasn't rich enough for many Romantic composers?
Classical sections were expanded in the Romantic era for a fuller and bigger what?
What is a celestes?
In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).

Questions:
What is the Russian term for prime minister?
What is the Israeli term for prime minister?
What is the term used in spain for prime minister?
What is the Irish term for prime minister?
In the Scottish Enlightenment, Scotland's major cities created an intellectual infrastructure of mutually supporting institutions such as universities, reading societies, libraries, periodicals, museums and masonic lodges. The Scottish network was "predominantly liberal Calvinist, Newtonian, and 'design' oriented in character which played a major role in the further development of the transatlantic Enlightenment". In France, Voltaire said "we look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilization." The focus of the Scottish Enlightenment ranged from intellectual and economic matters to the specifically scientific as in the work of William Cullen, physician and chemist; James Anderson, an agronomist; Joseph Black, physicist and chemist; and James Hutton, the first modern geologist.

Questions:
Who did Voltaire say that France looked to for ideas of civilization?
What was the profession of James Anderson?
Who was the first modern geologist?
William Cullen and Joseph Black shared what two occupations?
In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities in Somalia, to help Somalis that have suffered as a consequence of floods and/or droughts, or to gather funds for the creation of new mosques like the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque, which is currently undergoing construction in the Twin cities.

Questions:
Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?
What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?
Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?
Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?
In the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium and Luxembourg) developments were different. Under Spanish, then Austrian, and then French rule standardisation of Dutch language came to a standstill. The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect. In the course of the nineteenth century the Flemish movement stood up for the rights of Dutch, mostly called Flemish. But in competing with the French language the variation in dialects was a serious disadvantage. Since standardisation is a lengthy process, Dutch-speaking Belgium associated itself with the standard language that had already developed in the Netherlands over the centuries. Therefore, the situation in Belgium is essentially no different from that in the Netherlands, although there are recognisable differences in pronunciation, comparable to the pronunciation differences between standard British and standard American English. In 1980 the Netherlands and Belgium concluded the Language Union Treaty. This treaty lays down the principle that the two countries must gear their language policy to each other, among other things, for a common system of spelling.

Questions:
What was the old name for the geographical region that's now Belgium and Luxembourg?
What people ruled the Southern Netherlands after the Austrians?
What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language?
What was the name of the treaty that brought the dialects of Belgium and the Netherlands together?
The commonality between Dutch spoken by people in the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking Belgium can be compared to the relationship between British English and what language?
In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye/яканье. Consonants include a fricative /ɣ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and /x~xv~xw/, whereas the Standard and Northern dialects have the consonants /ɡ/, /v/, and final /l/ and /f/, respectively. The morphology features a palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs (this is unpalatalized in the Standard and Northern dialects). Some of these features such as akanye/yakanye, a debuccalized or lenited /ɡ/, a semivowel /w~u̯/ and palatalized final /tʲ/ in 3rd person forms of verbs are also present in modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian), indicating a linguistic continuum.

Questions:
What is pronounced [ɪ] in Moscow's dialect?
What is pronounced [a] in Southern Russian?
What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with?
In the Soviet Union, in the 1970s, a comparison was made between systems electrified at 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (50 Hz). The results showed that percentage losses in the overhead wires (catenary and contact wires) was over 3 times greater for 3 kV DC than for 25 kV AC. But when the conversion losses were all taken into account and added to overhead wire losses (including cooling blower energy) the 25 kV AC lost a somewhat higher percent of energy than for 3 kV DC. Thus in spite of the much higher losses in the catenary, the 3 kV DC was a little more energy efficient than AC in providing energy from the USSR power grid to the terminals of the traction motors (all DC at that time). While both systems use energy in converting higher voltage AC from the USSR's power grid to lower voltage DC, the conversions for the DC system all took place (at higher efficiency) in the railway substation, while most of the conversion for the AC system took place inside the locomotive (at lower efficiency). Consider also that it takes energy to constantly move this mobile conversion hardware over the rails while the stationary hardware in the railway substation doesn't incur this energy cost. For more details see: Wiki: Soviet Union DC vs. AC.

Questions:
What two systems were compare in the Soviet Union in 1970?
Which system had higher losses in overhead wires?
Which system was used in Soviet Union after all calculations?
What came with lesser lesser cost mobile conversion hardware or stationary hardware?
In the State Department, Kerry quickly earned a reputation "for being aloof, keeping to himself, and not bothering to read staff memos." Career State Department officials have complained that power has become too centralized under Kerry's leadership, which slows department operations when Kerry is on one of his frequent overseas trips. Others in State describe Kerry as having "a kind of diplomatic attention deficit disorder" as he shifts from topic to topic instead of focusing on long-term strategy. When asked whether he was traveling too much, he responded, "Hell no. I'm not slowing down." Despite Kerry's early achievements, morale at State is lower than under Hillary Clinton according to department employees. However, after Kerry's first six months in the State Department, a Gallup poll found he had high approval ratings among Americans as Secretary of State. After a year, another poll showed Kerry's favorability continued to rise. Less than two years into Kerry's term, the Foreign Policy Magazine's 2014 Ivory Tower survey of international relations scholars asked, "Who was the most effective U.S. Secretary of State in the past 50 years?"; John Kerry and Lawrence Eagleburger tied for 11th place out of the 15 confirmed Secretaries of State in that period.

Questions:
Who complained about how Kerry ran the State Dept?
What was the complaint about how Kerry ran the State Dept?
How had some State employees described Kerry?
Who published the Ivory Tower Survey?
What was Kerry's ranking in the Ivory Tower Survey for effectiveness as SoS?
In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, the Allies exiled him to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km (12 mi) off the Tuscan coast. They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor. Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being captured by the Russians during the retreat from Moscow. Its potency had weakened with age, however, and he survived to be exiled while his wife and son took refuge in Austria. In the first few months on Elba he created a small navy and army, developed the iron mines, and issued decrees on modern agricultural methods.

Questions:
In which treaty was Napoleon exiled?
What is the name of the island Napoleon was exiled to?
In what sea is Elba located?
The allies permitted Napoleon to keep what title?
When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?
In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the United States compelled tribal leaders to sign away lands in postwar treaties, and began dividing these lands for settlement. This provoked a war in the Northwest Territory in which the U.S. forces performed poorly; the Battle of the Wabash in 1791 was the most severe defeat ever suffered by the United States at the hands of American Indians. President Washington dispatched a newly trained army to the region, which decisively defeated the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.

Questions:
What treaty ceded territory to the US extending west to the Mississippi River?
What three major tribes occupied these formerly British territories?
When was the Battle of Wabash fought?
What was the decisive battle in the Northwest territories against the native population there?
When was this deciding battle fought?
In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities.

Questions:
Who published America's Best Colleges in 2016?
In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016?
Against what other kinds of institutions was KU's engineering school compared?
In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum for new legislation temporarily flagged under extended debate, a new tragedy emerged that underscored the need for more comprehensive regulation and provided the driving force for the passage of new laws.

Questions:
What act needed provisions?
Who led the congressional hearings?
What were the major issues that needed to be addressed?
What caused a need for more regulation?
When did this push occur?
Congressional hearings emerged addressing revisions to what act?
Who led the Congressional hearings in 1959?
Did the US Congress call for more or less regulation of pharmaceuticals?
In the U.S., copyright infringement is sometimes confronted via lawsuits in civil court, against alleged infringers directly, or against providers of services and software that support unauthorized copying. For example, major motion-picture corporation MGM Studios filed suit against P2P file-sharing services Grokster and Streamcast for their contributory role in copyright infringement. In 2005, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of MGM, holding that such services could be held liable for copyright infringement since they functioned and, indeed, willfully marketed themselves as venues for acquiring copyrighted movies. The MGM v. Grokster case did not overturn the earlier Sony decision, but rather clouded the legal waters; future designers of software capable of being used for copyright infringement were warned.

Questions:
In the U.S., where is copyright infringement contested?
Who did MGM studios file a lawsuit against?
In 2005, who did the Supreme Court rule in favor of?
What did P2P file sharing services market themselves as?
What studio's case decision was NOT overturned?
In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar to an original work to be considered infringing. Software-related case law has also clarified that the amount of R&D, effort and expense put into a work's creation doesn't affect copyright protection.

Questions:
Which country needs a similarity requirement to determine if the work was copied?
What test might courts require software to pass to determine if it is protected or infringing?
What has software case law determined about R&D, effort and expense put into creation?
In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Matos and Blaze had slickly produced disco house tracks. In Detroit a proto-techno music sound began to emerge with the recordings of Juan Atkins, Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson.

Questions:
what group did Marshall Jefferson form?
what sound emerged in Detroit with the recordings of juan atkins and derrick may?
where were mateo & matos based?
where was marshall jefferson based?
what sound did US house music move beyond in the late 80s?
In the UK and Ireland, "exhibition match" and "friendly match" refer to two different types of matches. The types described above as friendlies are not termed exhibition matches, while annual all-star matches such as those held in the US Major League Soccer or Japan's Japanese League are called exhibition matches rather than friendly matches. A one-off match for charitable fundraising, usually involving one or two all-star teams, or a match held in honor of a player for contribution to his/her club, may also be described as exhibition matches but they are normally referred to as charity matches and testimonial matches respectively.

Questions:
Where are "exhibition match" and "friendly match" not synonymous?
What are two examples of leagues holding all-star exhibition matches?
What are 'friendlies' for charity usually called in the UK?
What are 'friendlies' to honor a player usually called in the UK?
In the UK the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents supports a proposal to observe SDST's additional hour year-round, but is opposed in some industries, such as postal workers and farmers, and particularly by those living in the northern regions of the UK.

Questions:
What was the name of the organization that supported adding an additional hour to their clocks all year?
Joining farmers, what other kind of workers opposed SDST?
What regions of the United Kingdom were generally against SDST?
In the UK, Italy and Australia which share the PAL A region, two versions of the NES were released; the "Mattel Version" and "NES Version". When the NES was first released in those countries, it was distributed by Mattel and Nintendo decided to use a lockout chip specific to those countries, different from the chip used in other European countries. When Nintendo took over European distribution in 1990, they produced consoles that were then labelled "NES Version"; therefore, the only differences between the two are the text on the front flap and texture on the top/bottom of the casing.

Questions:
Which company distributed the NES to the UK, Italy, and Australia?
When did Nintendo take over European distribution?
Which three countries share the PAL A region?
What two versions of the NES were released in the UK, Italy, and Australia?
In the UK, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway pioneered overhead electrification of its suburban lines in London, London Bridge to Victoria being opened to traffic on 1 December 1909. Victoria to Crystal Palace via Balham and West Norwood opened in May 1911. Peckham Rye to West Norwood opened in June 1912. Further extensions were not made owing to the First World War. Two lines opened in 1925 under the Southern Railway serving Coulsdon North and Sutton railway station. The lines were electrified at 6.7 kV 25 Hz. It was announced in 1926 that all lines were to be converted to DC third rail and the last overhead electric service ran in September 1929.

Questions:
When was overhead wires system being used for the first time in UK?
What line used the overhead wire system first Victoria to Crystal Palace or Peckham Rye to West Noorwood?
What was the cause of lines not being extended?
What voltage was used in the two lines opened in 1925 of Southern Railway?
In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use. The British National Formulary is the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians.

Questions:
Who is the core guide?
Who is responsible for approving drugs in the United Kingdom?
After an approval in the United States, when does an approval occur in the United Kingdom and other countries?
Who decides how NHS will allow drugs?
Who does the evaluations for drugs in the United Kingdom?
What UK firm approves pharmaceutical drugs?
What UK organization evaluates drugs? 
What firm in England and Wales decides if the NHS allows drugs?
What is the name of the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians?
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".

Questions:
What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?
What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?
What is the Indian term for Prime Minister?
What is the term for prime minister in Pakistan?
What does Wazir-e-Azam mean in English?
In the US Air Force, the distinction between bombers, fighters that are actually fighter-bombers, and attack aircraft has become blurred. Many attack aircraft, even ones that look like fighters, are optimized to drop bombs, with very little ability to engage in aerial combat. Many fighter aircraft, such as the F-16, are often used as 'bomb trucks', despite being designed for aerial combat. Perhaps the one meaningful distinction at present is the question of range: a bomber is generally a long-range aircraft capable of striking targets deep within enemy territory, whereas fighter bombers and attack aircraft are limited to 'theater' missions in and around the immediate area of battlefield combat. Even that distinction is muddied by the availability of aerial refueling, which greatly increases the potential radius of combat operations. The US, Russia, and the People's Republic of China operate strategic bombers.

Questions:
What are most attack aircraft in the US Air Force designed to do? 
What type of USAF aircraft is designed for long range airstrike attacks? 
What types of aircraft are typically limited to close proximity of battlefield conflict by the USAF? 
What increases the radius of combat missions by the US Air Force?
What countries utilize strategic bomber aircraft in their missions?
In the US, African Americans, who include multiracial people, earn 75% of what white people earn. In Brazil, people of color earn less than 50% of what whites earn. Some have posited that the facts of lower socioeconomic status for people of color suggest that Brazil practices a kind of one-drop rule, or discrimination against people who are not visibly European in ancestry. The gap in income between blacks and other non-whites is relatively small compared to the large gap between whites and all people of color. Other social factors, such as illiteracy and education levels, show the same patterns of disadvantage for people of color. Some commentators observe that the United States practice of segregation and white supremacy in the South, and discrimination in many areas outside that region, forced many African Americans to unite in the civil rights struggle. They suggest that the fluid nature of race in Brazil has divided individuals of African descent, between those with more or less ancestry. As a result, they have not united for a stronger civil rights movement.[citation needed]

Questions:
In the US, how much of what white people earn, do blacks earn?
In Brazil, how much less do blacks earn compared to whites?
What rule is Brazil accused of practicing?
What does the one drop rule do?
What other patterns are consistent with unequal living standards?
In the US, a prominent form of racial preferences relates to access to education, particularly admission to universities and other forms of higher education. Race, ethnicity, native language, social class, geographical origin, parental attendance of the university in question (legacy admissions), and/or gender are sometimes taken into account when the university assesses an applicant's grades and test scores. Individuals can also be awarded scholarships and have fees paid on the basis of criteria listed above. In 1978, the Supreme Court ruled in Bakke v. Regents that public universities (and other government institutions) could not set specific numerical targets based on race for admissions or employment. The Court said that "goals" and "timetables" for diversity could be set instead.

Questions:
Where are racial preferences highlighted the most in the United States?
What is another term for kids who get preferential treatment due to their parents attending the same university?
Which case that went to the Supreme Court resulted in a decision regarding public universities and affirmative action?
What are public universities not allowed to do?
Instead of being allowed to set numerical targets, what did the Court rule that universities are allowed to do?
In the US, dietitians are registered (RD) or licensed (LD) with the Commission for Dietetic Registration and the American Dietetic Association, and are only able to use the title "dietitian," as described by the business and professions codes of each respective state, when they have met specific educational and experiential prerequisites and passed a national registration or licensure examination, respectively. In California, registered dietitians must abide by the "Business and Professions Code of Section 2585-2586.8". Anyone may call themselves a nutritionist, including unqualified dietitians, as this term is unregulated. Some states, such as the State of Florida, have begun to include the title "nutritionist" in state licensure requirements. Most governments provide guidance on nutrition, and some also impose mandatory disclosure/labeling requirements for processed food manufacturers and restaurants to assist consumers in complying with such guidance.

Questions:
What is the abbreviation for licensed dietitians in the US?
Who do dietitians have to register with other than the American Dietetic Association in order to be recognized as such in the US?
Which specific term is unregulated but still oft associated with professionals when it comes to food and diets?
Which state has started to regulate the word "nutritionist"?
What are restaurants and food manufacturers required to follow in order to assist consumers looking to follow dietary guidelines?
In the US, nutritional standards and recommendations are established jointly by the US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food Groups. The Senate committee currently responsible for oversight of the USDA is the Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee. Committee hearings are often televised on C-SPAN.

Questions:
Nutritional standards and recommendations are produced by a joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture and which other department?
Who releases guidelines that revolve around diet and physical activity recommendations?
What is the name of the concept that has replaced the food pyramid?
The USDA's effort sand actions are overseen by which governmental committee?
On which channel are committee meetings often shown?
In the US, one kilowatt-hour (3.6 MJ) of electricity currently causes an average 1.34 pounds (610 g) of CO 2 emission. Assuming the average light bulb is on for 10 hours a day, a 40-watt bulb will cause 196 pounds (89 kg) of CO 2 emission per year. The 6-watt LED equivalent will only cause 30 pounds (14 kg) of CO 2 over the same time span. A building’s carbon footprint from lighting can therefore be reduced by 85% by exchanging all incandescent bulbs for new LEDs if a building previously used only incandescent bulbs.

Questions:
In what country does one kilowatt-hour of electricity causes 1.34 pounds of CO 2 emission?
How much CO2 emission would a 40-watt light bulb produce after 10 hours?
A 6-watt LED left on for 10 hours a day will emit how much CO 2?
How much can a building's carbon footprint be reduced by switching to LEDs?
In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

Questions:
In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming?
Laws regarding antennas were upated before what?
Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas?
Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?
Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner?
In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with physicians and hospitals. Data are made public in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website. The expectation is that relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent.

Questions:
What is the speculation of the relationship between doctors and the drug industry?
What is the Physician Financial Transparency Report part of?
Where can you obtain information about the Sunshine Act?
What information is collected by Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services?
When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information?
The Physician Financial Transparency Reports was part of what other act?
In what year were Medicaid and Medicare required to disclose information about their relationships with doctors and hospitals?
Where can financial relationships between Medicaid, Medicare and pharmaceutical companies be found?
What is expected when the relationships are made public?
In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he declared the establishment of the Central African Republic and served as the country's first prime minister. MESAN continued to exist, but its role was limited. After Boganda's death in a plane crash on 29 March 1959, his cousin, David Dacko, took control of MESAN and became the country's first president after the CAR had formally received independence from France. Dacko threw out his political rivals, including former Prime Minister and Mouvement d'évolution démocratique de l'Afrique centrale (MEDAC), leader Abel Goumba, whom he forced into exile in France. With all opposition parties suppressed by November 1962, Dacko declared MESAN as the official party of the state.

Questions:
What was the overwhelming amount of votes MESAN captured?
How many seats did MESAN win?
Who was elected president of the Grand Council?
How did Boganda die?
Who took over after Boganda died?
In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and that no person should be prosecuted based on religious choice. William of Orange had been a strong supporter of public and personal freedom of religion and hoped to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union, and, for him, the Union was a defeat. In practice, Catholic services in all provinces were quickly forbidden, and the Reformed Church became the "public" or "privileged" church in the Republic.

Questions:
What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?
What did the Union state that every person should be free to choose?
Who was a strong supporter of freedom of religion and wanted to unite Protestants and Catholics in the new union?
What was forbidden in all provinces?
In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage by the House of Lords. Officially, assent is granted by the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners authorised to act by letters patent. It may be granted in parliament or outside parliament; in the latter case, each house must be separately notified before the bill takes effect.

Questions:
Which Houses in the UK must approve a bill before it is assented?
Which Parliamentary Acts allow a bill to be presented for assent even after the House of Lords has refused it?
Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent?
In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the future, Parliament passed the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 into law. Thus the outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act. However, some benefactors are alleged to have attempted to circumvent this by cloaking their contributions as loans, giving rise to the 'Cash for Peerages' scandal.

Questions:
In the United Kingdom, what is awarded to people who help fund the parties?
Who was discovered to be selling peerages?
What act did parliament put into place to stop such corruptions?
What did the Honours act do?
How did people attempt to overcome this law?
In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, sports, and clothing). Nevertheless, they saw patterns of consumption and leisure as determined by relations of production, which led them to focus on class relations and the organization of production.

Questions:
Which scientist was influenced by Marxism in the United Kingdom?
What did Marxist like Stuart Hall and Raymond Williams  they identify culture as?
What made up Leisure activities and goods as viewed by Marxist?
What led sociologist like Stuart and Raymond to focus on class relations and the organization of production?
In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), breaking the UK record for highest first-week opening, set by Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban's £23.88 million ($36.9 million) in 2004. Its Friday–Saturday gross was £20.4 million ($31.2 million) compared to Skyfall's £20.1 million ($31 million). The film also broke the record for the best per-screen opening average with $110,000, a record previously held by The Dark Knight with $100,200. It has grossed a total of $136.3 million there. In the U.K., it surpassed Avatar to become the country's highest-grossing IMAX release ever with $10.09 million.

Questions:
How much did Spectre make in its first week?
Which movie previously had the highest earnings for its first seven days?
What movie did Spectre unseat as having the highest earnings for IMAX screenings in the UK?
How much money did Spectre gross on it's opening day in the UK?
What film previously held the UK record for highest first week opening gross?
Spectre passed which movie to become the highest grossing IMAX release in the UK?
Spectre passed which movie to have the largest per screen opening average?
In the United States and Canada, the film opened on 6 November 2015, and in its opening weekend, was originally projected to gross $70–75 million from 3,927 screens, the widest release for a Bond film. However, after grossing $5.25 million from its early Thursday night showings and $28 million on its opening day, weekend projections were increased to $75–80 million. The film ended up grossing $70.4 million in its opening weekend (about $20 million less than Skyfall's $90.6 million debut, including IMAX previews), but nevertheless finished first at the box office. IMAX generated $9.1 million for Spectre at 374 screens, premium large format made $8 million from 429 cinemas, reaping 11% of the film's opening, which means that Spectre earned $17.1 million (23%) of its opening weekend total in large-format venues. Cinemark XD generated $1.85 million in 112 XD locations.

Questions:
How many Imax screens showed Spectre on its opening weekend in the US and Canada?
How much money did Spectre make in its first weekend in the US and Canada?
How much money did preview showings generate in the US and Canada?
Which film grossed more money for its opening weekend in the North American market, Skyfall or Spectre?
How many IMAX screens was Spectre shown on in North America?
What day of the week was Spectre released in North America?
In the United States and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches. In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, and a considerable number of seminaries held and taught from a liberal perspective as well. In the post–World War II era, the trend began to swing back towards the conservative camp in America's seminaries and church structures.

Questions:
Where has there been a rise in evangelical Protestantism?
What type of churches have declined?
When did Liberal Christianity increase?
When did conservative churches start to increase?
What type of evangelical churches are the most popular?
In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Cultural studies in this sense, then, can be viewed as a limited concentration scoped on the intricacies of consumerism, which belongs to a wider culture sometimes referred to as "Western Civilization" or as "Globalism."

Questions:
In the U.S what does "Cultural Studies" focus largely on in this field?
Who first coined the term "Cultural Studies" in the United States?
What was the name of the company founded by Hoggart in 1964?
The CCCS has since been associated with who?
In the United States, 25 Hz, a once-common industrial power frequency is used on Amtrak's 25 Hz traction power system at 12 kV on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C. and New York City and on the Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and Philadelphia. SEPTA's 25 Hz traction power system uses the same 12 kV voltage on the catenary in Northeast Philadelphia. This allows for the trains to operate on both the Amtrak and SEPTA power systems. Apart from having an identical catenary voltage, the power distribution systems of Amtrak and SEPTA are very different. The Amtrak power distribution system has a 138 kV transmission network that provides power to substations which then transform the voltage to 12 kV to feed the catenary system. The SEPTA power distribution system uses a 2:1 ratio autotransformer system, with the catenary fed at 12 kV and a return feeder wire fed at 24 kV. The New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad used an 11 kV system between New York City and New Haven, Connecticut which was converted to 12.5 kV 60 Hz in 1987.

Questions:
What frequency was typically used on US Amtrak?
What voltage does SEPTA system use?
What specification is similar for both Amtrak and Septa systems?
When was a 11kV system of NY, New Haven and Hartford was converted to 12.5 kV?
In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers. During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention.

Questions:
Who was O.W. Wilson a student of?
Who introduced education requirements for US police?
Why did Wilson rotate officers between communities?
Where did Wilson reduce police corruption?
How did Wilson recruit more qualified police?
In the United States, Lindlof and Taylor write, "Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition". The American version of cultural studies initially concerned itself more with understanding the subjective and appropriative side of audience reactions to, and uses of, mass culture; for example, American cultural-studies advocates wrote about the liberatory aspects of fandom.[citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded.[citation needed] Some researchers, especially in early British cultural studies, apply a Marxist model to the field. This strain of thinking has some influence from the Frankfurt School, but especially from the structuralist Marxism of Louis Althusser and others. The main focus of an orthodox Marxist approach concentrates on the production of meaning. This model assumes a mass production of culture and identifies power as residing with those producing cultural artifacts. In a Marxist view, those who control the means of production (the economic base) essentially control a culture.[citation needed] Other approaches to cultural studies, such as feminist cultural studies and later American developments of the field, distance themselves from this view. They criticize the Marxist assumption of a single, dominant meaning, shared by all, for any cultural product. The non-Marxist approaches suggest that different ways of consuming cultural artifacts affect the meaning of the product. This view comes through in the book Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (by Paul du Gay et al.), which seeks to challenge the notion that those who produce commodities control the meanings that people attribute to them. Feminist cultural analyst, theorist and art historian Griselda Pollock contributed to cultural studies from viewpoints of art history and psychoanalysis. The writer Julia Kristeva is among influential voices at the turn of the century, contributing to cultural studies from the field of art and psychoanalytical French feminism.[citation needed]

Questions:
Which two wrote Cultural studies [were] grounded in a pragmatic, liberal-pluralist tradition?
From a Marxist view, what did they believe had to be controlled  to essentially control a culture?
In the United States, Minneapolis, Saint Paul, Columbus, San Diego, Seattle, Washington, D.C., Houston, Atlanta, Los Angeles, Portland, Denver, Nashville, Green Bay, Lewiston, Portland, Maine and Cedar Rapids have the largest Somali populations.

Questions:
What country is Cedar Rapids located in?
In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German.

Questions:
What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records?
What Dutch-based language popped up in the area of Albany, New York?
What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect?
Which Dutch dialect was once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands?
In what country were the Berbice and Skepi dialects spoken?
In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

Questions:
Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes?
When were boxes with "functional" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate?
Content is now protected by what encryption?
What can 5c encryption prevent?
In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book, and asked Gray to keep any profits. Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew. In a May letter, Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies, but it is not clear if this referred to the first printing only as there were four that year.

Questions:
Why couldn't Asa Gray use a Boston publisher for an American version of On the Origin of Species?
How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species?
When was the first American edition of On the Origin of Species published?
What did Darwin decide to do with the profits of the American version of On the Origin of Species?
What was the print run that Darwin mentioned for On the Origin of Species?
In the United States, cats and dogs are a factor in more than 86,000 falls each year. It has been estimated around 2% of dog-related injuries treated in UK hospitals are domestic accidents. The same study found that while dog involvement in road traffic accidents was difficult to quantify, dog-associated road accidents involving injury more commonly involved two-wheeled vehicles.

Questions:
In addition to dogs, what other animal is responsible for over 86,000 falls every year?
Vehicle accidents with resulting injuries that involve dogs are more common with what type of vehicle?
What sort of vehicle is most likely associated with accidents involving dogs?