the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Absolute idealism is G. W. F. Hegel's account of how existence is comprehensible as an all-inclusive whole. Hegel called his philosophy "absolute" idealism in contrast to the "subjective idealism" of Berkeley and the "transcendental idealism" of Kant and Fichte, which were not based on a critique of the finite and a dialectical philosophy of history as Hegel's idealism was. The exercise of reason and intellect enables the philosopher to know ultimate historical reality, the phenomenological constitution of self-determination, the dialectical development of self-awareness and personality in the realm of History.

Questions:
According to Hegel, what sort of idealist was Fichte?
Who did Hegel see as a subjective idealist?
What sort of idealist did Hegel define himself as?
How did Hegel believe historical reality to be knowable to a philosopher?
Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more closely related to one another than to neighbouring non-Jewish populations. Hammer et al. found that the degree of genetic similarity among Jews shifted depending on the locus investigated, and suggested that this was the result of natural selection acting on particular loci. They focused on the non-recombining Y-chromosome to "circumvent some of the complications associated with selection".

Questions:
What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from?
Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group?
What shifted depending on the locus investigated?
What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of?
What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection?
Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill.

Questions:
What did Nasser do in his spare time?
What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?
What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?
What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?
What kind of biographies did Nasser read?
Academic higher education in Estonia is divided into three levels: bachelor's, master's, and doctoral studies. In some specialties (basic medical studies, veterinary, pharmacy, dentistry, architect-engineer, and a classroom teacher programme) the bachelor's and master's levels are integrated into one unit. Estonian public universities have significantly more autonomy than applied higher education institutions. In addition to organising the academic life of the university, universities can create new curricula, establish admission terms and conditions, approve the budget, approve the development plan, elect the rector, and make restricted decisions in matters concerning assets. Estonia has a moderate number of public and private universities. The largest public universities are the University of Tartu, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Academy of Arts; the largest private university is Estonian Business School.

Questions:
What are the three levels of higher learning in Estonia?
What medical fields have their bachelor's and master's levels combined into one unit?
What do Estonian public universities have more of than higher education institutions?
What is the largest private university in Estonia?
Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black saint, and singing in front of burning crosses. This mix of the sacred and the profane upset the Vatican and resulted in the Pepsi commercial withdrawal. In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."

Questions:
Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?
In which video was it the most obvious?
Who named Madonna the Greatest Music Video star ever?
When was Madonna awarded the accolade?
According to 16th-century mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century. The story is told that a German-speaking Palestinian Jew saved the life of a young German man surnamed Dolberger. So when the knights of the First Crusade came to siege Jerusalem, one of Dolberger's family members who was among them rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to Worms to repay the favor. Further evidence of German communities in the holy city comes in the form of halakhic questions sent from Germany to Jerusalem during the second half of the 11th century.

Questions:
Who noted that Ashkenazi Jews lived in Jerusalem during the 11th century?
Another piece of evidence of German communities in the holy city in the second half of the 11th century is due to what items being sent from Germany to Jerusalem?
Mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm is from what century?
In the story told by mystic Rabbi Elijah of Chelm, one of the German's family members rescued Jews in Palestine and carried them back to where in order to repay a previous favor?
According to 2004 figures, Southampton contributes around £4.2 bn to the regional economy annually. The vast majority of this is from the service sector, with the remainder coming from industry in the city. This figure has almost doubled since 1995.

Questions:
Going by 2004 calculations, how much does Southampton contribute to the region's economy each year?
What sector puts up most of Southampton's economic contribution?
In 2004, Southampton's contribution to the regional economy had almost doubled from what it was in what year?
According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.

Questions:
Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?
On average, how many children do Christians have?
How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?
In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?
According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on an artificial platform; the house also had a tower-like appearance. It was provided with a door which turned on a hinge, and could be opened with a sort of key; the city gate was on a larger scale, and seems to have been double. The foundation stones — or rather bricks — of a house were consecrated by certain objects that were deposited under them."

Questions:
What does Archibald Sayce think early Sumerian pictograms suggest about the availability of stone?
How did the Sumerians fashion the stone they cut?
What was the ordinary building material of Sumerians?
What were the foundation stones of Sumerian houses consecrated by?
What kind of appearance did Sumerian houses have?
According to Buddhist traditions a Buddha is a fully awakened being who has completely purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion and ignorance. A Buddha is no longer bound by Samsara and has ended the suffering which unawakened people experience in life.

Questions:
Who is a fully awakened being who has purified his mind of the three poisons of desire, aversion, and ignorance?
A Buddha is no longer bound by what?
What do unawakend people experience?
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

Questions:
What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
According to Capitol Record's A&R, Joe Weinberger, he was approached by West and almost signed a deal with him, but another person in the company convinced Capitol's president not to. Desperate to keep West from defecting to another label, then-label head Damon Dash reluctantly signed West to Roc-A-Fella Records. Jay-Z later admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that many saw him as a producer first and foremost, and that his background contrasted with that of his labelmates.

Questions:
Who almost picked up Kanye but was ultimately swayed?
What label finally (although reluctantly) picked up Kanye?
What did Kanye's peers see him as while he tried to pursue his rap career?
What man was almost ready to give Kanye a record deal?
What record company eventually signed Kanye West?
According to Chen, the Ming officer of Hezhou (modern day Linxia) informed the Hongwu Emperor that the general situation in Dbus and Gtsang "was under control," and so he suggested to the emperor that he offer the second Phagmodru ruler, Jamyang Shakya Gyaltsen, an official title. According to the Records of the Founding Emperor, the Hongwu Emperor issued an edict granting the title "Initiation State Master" to Sagya Gyaincain, while the latter sent envoys to the Ming court to hand over his jade seal of authority along with tribute of colored silk and satin, statues of the Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, and sarira.

Questions:
Who did the Hongwu Emperor grant the title Initiation State Master to?
Who suggested to the emperor that an official title be granted to second Phagmodru ruler?
Who was the second Phagmodru ruler?
Who told the emperor that the situation in Dbus and Gtsang were under control?
Where were the envoys sent?
According to China daily. Fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it is now generating $31.5 billion for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

Questions:
How long ago was the BeiDou Satellite System first launched?
How much revenue for companies is generated by the BDS system?
What are some companies that profit from the BDS system?
According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.

Questions:
How many deaths were reported?
How many deaths were reported only in the Sichuan province?
How many people were listed as missing?
How many people were injured?
How many earthquake relief workers were killed?
How many died in Sichuan?
What is the total tally of known deaths caused by the earthquake?
What is the number of missing persons?
How many people were injured?
What were the 158 relief workers doing when they were killed?
According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.

Questions:
What was used to hide debts?
Swaps allow Greece to do what?
What other country hid its debt through swaps?
What can legally be overcome with swaps?
According to Der Spiegel, credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt because Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives. A German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union and the monetary union guidelines. In May 2010, the Greek government deficit was again revised and estimated to be 13.6% which was the second highest in the world relative to GDP with Iceland in first place at 15.7% and Great Britain third with 12.6%. Public debt was forecast, according to some estimates, to hit 120% of GDP during 2010.

Questions:
What were credits given to European governments disguised as?
Why weren't swaps registered as debts by Eurostat at the time?
What rules did a German derivatives dealer say could be quite legally circumvented through swaps?
What was again revised in May of 2010?
What was Greece's public debt forecast to hit as high of a percentage of GDP of in 2010?
According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Americans, consider themselves white because they have some distant white ancestry.

Questions:
Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?
Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work?
How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?
According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate stage between one life and the next.[page needed]

Questions:
There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism?
What branch of Buddhism rejects that there is a transitional state between lives?
Passages in what teaching support the idea that the Buddha taught of a stage between lives?
What is the state called between lives?
Which major part of Buddhism rejects bardo?
What book discusses bardo?
Other than Tibetan Buddhism, what other Buddhism supports bardo?
There is an intermediate state between one life and the next according to what Buddism?
What type of Theravada rejects the intermediate state idea?
Some passages of what Canon support the idea of intermediate stages?
According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.

Questions:
What is the similarity between Catalan and Italian?
Hoe similar is Catalan to Portuguese?
What is the percent relationship of Catalan to Spanish?
What is the relationship similarity to Ladin?
How related is Sardinian to Catalan?
According to Eurostat, Greece's largest port by tons of goods transported in 2010 is the port of Aghioi Theodoroi, with 17.38 million tons. The Port of Thessaloniki comes second with 15.8 million tons, followed by the Port of Piraeus, with 13.2 million tons, and the port of Eleusis, with 12.37 million tons. The total number of goods transported through Greece in 2010 amounted to 124.38 million tons, a considerable drop from the 164.3 million tons transported through the country in 2007. Since then, Piraeus has grown to become the Mediterranean's third-largest port thanks to heavy investment by Chinese logistics giant COSCO. In 2013, Piraeus was declared the fastest-growing port in the world.

Questions:
What was Greece's largest port as measured by good transported in 2010?
How many million of tons went through Aghioi Theodoroi in 2010?
How many million tons of goods did port Eleusis transport in 2010?
How many tons of goods were transported through Greece in 2007?
What was the port of Piraeus declared to be in 2013?
According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

Questions:
What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?
How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?
What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobatic. There are also group routines consisting of 5 gymnasts and 5 apparatuses of their choice. Rhythmic routines are scored out of a possible 30 points; the score for artistry (choreography and music) is averaged with the score for difficulty of the moves and then added to the score for execution.

Questions:
Only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics according to what rules?
What combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation?
What 5 items are used in rhythmic gymnastic routines?
Rhythmic gymnastics places greater emphaises on aesthetics rather than what?
What is the maximum number of points possible for a rhythmic gymnastic routine?
What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?
What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?
What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?
Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?
How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?
According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

Questions:
Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?
What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?
What is the largest company in Oklahoma?
What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?
Where is ONEOK based?
According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing "how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both." Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, "If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer."

Questions:
When was Spielberg named the 'most influential celebrity in America'?
How much of the US believes Spielberg is influential?
Who is Gerry Philpott?
How did Spielberg influence the public's behavior?
According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.

Questions:
What substance did Feynman give up later in life?
Why did Feynman give up alcohol?
Which illicit drug did Feynman try at Caltech?
In what book did he talk about his LSD use?
According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are regulated by law as being optional but it is customary for employees to be given the day off. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. The list of these non-fixed national holidays rarely changes and has not changed in recent decades, giving a total of eleven national holidays each year.

Questions:
Greek law says that every Sunday of the year is a what?
How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?
How many Greek national holidays are there each year?
What is one of the holidays regulated by law as optional?
According to Hampshire Constabulary figures, Southampton is currently safer than it has ever been before, with dramatic reductions in violent crime year on year for the last three years. Data from the Southampton Safer City Partnership shows there has been a reduction in all crimes in recent years and an increase in crime detection rates. According to government figures Southampton has a higher crime rate than the national average. There is some controversy regarding comparative crime statisitics due to inconsistencies between different police forces recording methodologies. For example, in Hampshire all reported incidents are recorded and all records then retained. However, in neighbouring Dorset crimes reports withdrawn or shown to be false are not recorded, reducing apparent crime figures. In the violence against the person category, the national average is 16.7 per 1000 population while Southampton is 42.4 per 1000 population. In the theft from a vehicle category, the national average is 7.6 per 1000 compared to Southampton's 28.4 per 1000. Overall, for every 1,000 people in the city, 202 crimes are recorded. Hampshire Constabulary's figures for 2009/10 show fewer incidents of recorded crime in Southampton than the previous year.

Questions:
How many crimes overall are reported for each 1,000 people in Southampton?
Did Hampshire Constabulary record fewer or more crime incidents in 2009/10 than the year before?
For how many consecutive years has violent crime in Southampton decreased?
Is Southampton's crime rate higher or lower than the national average?
Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime?
According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to reimprove the Dīn of Islam. After Adam and his son Seth, and after six “Nātıq” (Spoken) – “Sāmad” (Silent) silsila (Noah–Shem), (Abraham–Ishmael), (Moses–Aaron), (Jesus–Simeon), (Muhammad bin ʿAbd Allāh–Ali ibn Abu Tālib); the silsila of “Nātıqs and Sāmads have been completed with (Muhammad bin Ismā‘īl as-ṣaghīr (Maymûn’ûl-Qaddāh)–ʿAbd Allāh Ibn-i Maymûn and his sons).

Questions:
How many great prophets has Allah sent?
What are the seven great prophets known as?
What are the seven great prophets supposed to do?
What is the great prophets assistant called?
According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity.

Questions:
Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book?
Which African-American woman before Beyonce had posed for SI Swimsuit issue?
What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book?
When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover?
Who was she the second  African American on the cover after?
Beyoncé was the second African American woman featured as a swimsuit cover on the magazine, who was first?
What magazine said Beyoncé was the "best-dressed celebrity"?
According to Jan Nattier, the term Mahāyāna "Great Vehicle" was originally even an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayāna "Bodhisattva Vehicle." The Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, an early and important Mahayana text, contains a simple and brief definition for the term bodhisattva: "Because he has enlightenment as his aim, a bodhisattva-mahāsattva is so called."

Questions:
What term means "great vehicle"?
What is an honorary synonym for Bodhisattvayana?
The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita Sutra is an important text of what type?
According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from haydar (lion) and ābād (city). It was named to honour the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen, a scholar of Islamic architecture, says the city was originally called Baghnagar (city of gardens). One popular theory suggests that Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, the founder of the city, named it "Bhagyanagar" or "Bhāgnagar" after Bhagmati, a local nautch (dancing) girl with whom he had fallen in love. She converted to Islam and adopted the title Hyder Mahal. The city was renamed Hyderabad in her honour. According to another source, the city was named after Haidar, the son of Quli Qutb Shah.

Questions:
What does the Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names say Hyderabad means?
Hyderabad was named in honor of someone, who was it?
What does Andrew Petersen say that Hyderabad was originally known as?
Who founded what came to be known Hyderabad?
What person is Hyderabad said to have been renamed for?
According to John N. Gray, Popper held that "a theory is scientific only in so far as it is falsifiable, and should be given up as soon as it is falsified." By applying Popper's account of scientific method, Gray's Straw Dogs states that this would have "killed the theories of Darwin and Einstein at birth." When they were first advanced, Gray claims, each of them was "at odds with some available evidence; only later did evidence become available that gave them crucial support." Against this, Gray seeks to establish the irrationalist thesis that "the progress of science comes from acting against reason."

Questions:
Which two prominent scientists advanced theories that John N. Gray claims would never have survived the scientific method Popper describes?
Which work by John Gray challenges Popper's falsificationism?
According to Gray, what should have falsified Einstein and Darwin's theories when first proposed?
What kind of thesis does Gray advance about scientific progress?
According to Johnson and Grim (2013), Buddhism has grown from a total of 138 million adherents in 1910, of which 137 million were in Asia, to 495 million in 2010, of which 487 million are in Asia. According to them, there was a fast annual growth of Buddhism in Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and several Western European countries (1910–2010). More recently (2000–2010), the countries with highest growth rates are Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Iran and some African countries.

Questions:
How many Buddhists were there in 1910?
How many Buddhists are there in 2010?
How many buddhists are in Asia?
According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unprecedented rise of the United States and its predominant position as the key reason. Baron highlights that since World War Two no other great power has been able to achieve parity or near parity with the United States, with the exception of the Soviet Union for a brief time. This position is unique among the great powers since the start of the modern era (the 16th century), where there has traditionally always been "tremendous parity among the great powers". This unique period of American primacy has been an important factor in maintaining a condition of peace between the great powers.

Questions:
Since what time has military conflicts receded?
What country has risen above other superpowers?
Since what century has there always been parity in powers?
Who's primacy has factored into maintaining peace among powers?
According to Mahayana tradition, the Mahayana sutras were transmitted in secret, came from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, or were preserved in non-human worlds because human beings at the time could not understand them:

Questions:
What sutras were transmitted in secret?
What sutras could have been preserved in non-human worlds?
What tradition says that sutras might have come from other Buddhas or Bodhisattvas?
According to Martin Heidegger we do not exist inside time, we are time. Hence, the relationship to the past is a present awareness of having been, which allows the past to exist in the present. The relationship to the future is the state of anticipating a potential possibility, task, or engagement. It is related to the human propensity for caring and being concerned, which causes "being ahead of oneself" when thinking of a pending occurrence. Therefore, this concern for a potential occurrence also allows the future to exist in the present. The present becomes an experience, which is qualitative instead of quantitative. Heidegger seems to think this is the way that a linear relationship with time, or temporal existence, is broken or transcended. We are not stuck in sequential time. We are able to remember the past and project into the future—we have a kind of random access to our representation of temporal existence; we can, in our thoughts, step out of (ecstasis) sequential time.

Questions:
Who suggested that humankind does not exist inside time, but is time?
The relationship to the future is the state of anticipating what?
What is considered a qualitative experience rather than a quantitative one?
According to Heidegger, what can we do, in our thoughts?
According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, La Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run it, and Max Clifford, who had been Starr's public relations agent. Starr had to be persuaded that the apparent revelation would not damage him; the attention helped to revive his career. In his 2001 autobiography Unwrapped, Starr wrote that the incident was a complete fabrication: "I have never eaten or even nibbled a live hamster, gerbil, guinea pig, mouse, shrew, vole or any other small mammal."

Questions:
Who wrote Max Clifford: Read All About It?
Who was writing a book with McCaffrey?
Who was previously Starr's public relations agent?
How did attention from the story impact Starr's career?
What was the name of Starr's autobiography?
According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20

Questions:
According to Mendelian inheritance, what is part of the cause of variations in an organism's phenotype?
What sort of characteristics are described by an organism's phenotype?
What is a genotype?
What specifies a particular trait with a different sequence of alleles?
How many alleles do most eukaryotic organisms have for each trait?
According to Milton Friedman, before the Industrial Revolution virtually all children worked in agriculture. During the Industrial Revolution many of these children moved from farm work to factory work. Over time, as real wages rose, parents became able to afford to send their children to school instead of work and as a result child labour declined, both before and after legislation. Austrian School economist Murray Rothbard said that British and American children of the pre- and post-Industrial Revolution lived and suffered in infinitely worse conditions where jobs were not available for them and went "voluntarily and gladly" to work in factories.

Questions:
Where did children work prior to the Industrial Revolution?
How many children worked?
Where did children go to work after doing farm work for so long?
What did parents do when the wages were finally raised?
According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud. Orthodox Judaism thus holds that the halakha represents the "will of God", either directly, or as closely to directly as possible. The laws are from the word of God in the Torah, using a set of rules also revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, and have been derived with the utmost accuracy and care, and thus the Oral Law is considered to be no less the word of God. If some of the details of Jewish law may have been lost over the millennia, they were reconstructed in accordance with internally consistent rules; see The 13 rules by which Jewish law was derived.

Questions:
What is jewish law today based on?
what does the halakha represent to orthodox judiasm?
Where were the rules about the Torah revealed to Moses by God?
How many rules are jewish law derived from?
What law is considered to be no less the word of god?
According to Paul Martin, Sr., by the end of the 1970s the Queen was worried that the Crown "had little meaning for" Pierre Trudeau, the Canadian Prime Minister. Tony Benn said that the Queen found Trudeau "rather disappointing". Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind the Queen's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office. In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found the Queen "better informed ... than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats". She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state. Patriation removed the role of the British parliament from the Canadian constitution, but the monarchy was retained. Trudeau said in his memoirs that the Queen favoured his attempt to reform the constitution and that he was impressed by "the grace she displayed in public" and "the wisdom she showed in private".

Questions:
About whom was Elizabeth worried in the 1970s?
What was the subject under consideration in discussions in 1980?
What did patriation of the Canadian Constitution remove from the constitution?
What was retained in the constitution?
What did Trudeau say Elizabeth favored?
According to Pew Research, 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, official statistics are alleged to underestimate the non-Buddhist population. Independent researchers put the Muslim population at 6 to 10% of the population[citation needed]. Jehovah's Witnesses have been present since 1914 and have about 80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon publishing in 16 languages. A tiny Jewish community in Rangoon had a synagogue but no resident rabbi to conduct services.

Questions:
What part of the populace does not  identify with conformists religious  majority?
Are these percentages an accurate estimate of nonconformists religious  groups ?
How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ?
How many dialects are the publications distributed by the Jehovah Witness available in ?
What problem presented itself to the Jewish locale in Rangoon ?
According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions, and hence that all things—past, present, and future—can be said to be just as real as things in the present. According to this theory, then, Homer really does exist, though we must still use special language when talking about somebody who exists at a distant time—just as we would use special language when talking about something far away (the very words near, far, above, below, and such are directly comparable to phrases such as in the past, a minute ago, and so on).

Questions:
According to what theory is time an ordering of various realities?
Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what?
Who believes that time is a dimension of reality on a par with the three spatial dimensions
According to an Eternalist, what can be said to be just as real as things in the present?
According to the Eternalist theory, what must we use to describe Homer?
According to R. J. Rummel, genocide has 3 different meanings. The ordinary meaning is murder by government of people due to their national, ethnic, racial, or religious group membership. The legal meaning of genocide refers to the international treaty, the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. This also includes non-killings that in the end eliminate the group, such as preventing births or forcibly transferring children out of the group to another group. A generalized meaning of genocide is similar to the ordinary meaning but also includes government killings of political opponents or otherwise intentional murder. It is to avoid confusion regarding what meaning is intended that Rummel created the term democide for the third meaning.

Questions:
In the writings of Rummel, what is the first and ordinary meaning of genocide?
Rummel postulates that murder of people of government is due to national, ethnic, racial and which other membership?
The legal meaning of genocide is contained in which international treaty?
Included in the CPPCG is non-killings that ultimately achieve what end?
In the interpretation of non-killings, the CPPCG cites the forceful relocation of children along with what other factor?
According to Sadat, it was only when the Israelis cut off the Egyptian garrison at Sharm el-Sheikh that Nasser became aware of the situation's gravity. After hearing of the attack, he rushed to army headquarters to inquire about the military situation. The simmering conflict between Nasser and Amer subsequently came to the fore, and officers present reported the pair burst into "a nonstop shouting match". The Supreme Executive Committee, set up by Nasser to oversee the conduct of the war, attributed the repeated Egyptian defeats to the Nasser–Amer rivalry and Amer's overall incompetence. According to Egyptian diplomat Ismail Fahmi, who became foreign minister during Sadat's presidency, the Israeli invasion and Egypt's consequent defeat was a result of Nasser's dismissal of all rational analysis of the situation and his undertaking of a series of irrational decisions.

Questions:
What defeat opened Nasser's eyes to the desperation of Egypt's situation?
What two Egyptian leaders personal conflicts played a large part in Egypt's poor showing  in the war?
What did Nasser dismiss during the war?
According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized. Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books (Tanakh, Bible) and devotional literature (Apocrypha, Midrash), although it differs in many details. Adam, Enoch, Noah, Eber, Shelah, Abraham, Lot, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Jethro, David, Solomon, Elijah, Elisha, Jonah, Aaron, Moses, Zechariah, John the Baptist and Jesus are mentioned in the Quran as prophets of God (see Prophets of Islam). In fact, Moses is mentioned more in the Quran than any other individual. Jesus is mentioned more often in the Quran than Muhammad, while Mary is mentioned in the Quran more than the New Testament. Muslims believe the common elements or resemblances between the Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings and Islamic dispensations is due to their common divine source,[citation needed] and that the original Christian or Jewish texts were authentic divine revelations given to prophets.

Questions:
Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?
Who has claimed that Christians and Jews had heard and discussed the Quran before it took on its standardized Arabic form?
Which older language is thought to strongly resemble that of the Quran?
Which relative of Jesus appears more often in the Quran than the New Testament?
What do devout Muslims believe is the reason for the overlap of events and characters in the Bible and Quran?
According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United State by Harriet Zuckerman, a review of American Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates identified a Protestant background. Overall, Protestants have won a total of 84.2% of all the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry, 60% in Medicine, and 58.6% in Physics awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972.

Questions:
What denomination of Christianity had the highest percentage of Nobel Prize winners between 1901 and 1972 in America?
According to Shia beliefs, those who are firmly rooted in knowledge like Muhammad and the imams know the secrets of the Quran. According to Tabatabaei, the statement "none knows its interpretation except God" remains valid, without any opposing or qualifying clause. Therefore, so far as this verse is concerned, the knowledge of the Quran's interpretation is reserved for God. But Tabatabaei uses other verses and concludes that those who are purified by God know the interpretation of the Quran to a certain extent.

Questions:
Who do Shia Muslims believe can approach Quranic truths besides God and Muhammad?
According to Shia Muslims, who is the only one who can fully know the a Quranic interpretation?
How must God have treated those who are qualified to know Quranic sectets?
According to Strabo, the Greco-Bactrians seem to have had contacts with China through the silk road trade routes (Strabo, XI.XI.I). Indian sources also maintain religious contact between Buddhist monks and the Greeks, and some Greco-Bactrians did convert to Buddhism. Demetrius, son and successor of Euthydemus, invaded north-western India in 180 BC, after the destruction of the Mauryan empire there; the Mauryans were probably allies of the Bactrians (and Seleucids). The exact justification for the invasion remains unclear, but by about 175 BC, the Greeks ruled over parts of north-western India. This period also marks the beginning of the obfuscation of Greco-Bactrian history. Demetrius possibly died about 180 BC; numismatic evidence suggest the existence of several other kings shortly thereafter. It is probable that at this point that the Greco-Bactrian kingdom split into several semi-independent regions for some years, often warring amongst themselves. Heliocles was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria, his power collapsing in the face of central Asian tribal invasions (Scythian and Yuezhi), by about 130 BCE. However, Greek urban civilisation seems to have continued in Bactria after the fall of the kingdom, having a hellenising effect on the tribes which had displaced Greek-rule. The Kushan empire which followed continued to use Greek on their coinage and Greeks continued being influential in the empire.

Questions:
Who stated that the Greco-Bactrians had connections through the silk road?
When did Demetrius, son of Euthydemus invade north-western India?
Whose death signifies the beginning of confusing documentation of Greco-Bactrian history?
Who was the last Greek to clearly rule Bactria?
According to Sun Jiadong, the chief designer of the navigation system, "Many organizations have been using our system for a while, and they like it very much."

Questions:
Who is the chief designer of the BeiDou navigation system?
What did Sun Jiadong have to say about the BeiDou navigation system?
Who is Sun Jiadong?