the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a large sample from the region of the Khazar Khaganate corroborates the earlier results that Ashkenazi Jews derive their ancestry primarily from populations of the Middle East and Europe, that they possess considerable shared ancestry with other Jewish populations, and that there is no indication of a significant genetic contribution either from within or from north of the Caucasus region", the authors concluded.

Questions:
How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?
What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?
How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?
A 2014 profile by the National Health Service showed Plymouth had higher than average levels of poverty and deprivation (26.2% of population among the poorest 20.4% nationally). Life expectancy, at 78.3 years for men and 82.1 for women, was the lowest of any region in the South West of England.

Questions:
What percentage of Plymouth residents were suffering from poverty and deprivation in 2014?
As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of male Plymouth residents?
As of 2014, what was the life expectancy of female Plymouth residents?
Where did Plymouth's life expectancy rank out of the regions of South West England?
A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shrine) with cultic symbols. The ban on human or animal images was more strictly observed by the Samaritans than their Jewish neighbours in the same town (see above). The mosaic was laid by the same masters who made the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue. One of the inscriptions was written in Samaritan script.

Questions:
A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?
What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?
What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?
The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?
The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at Bet She'an also constructed what other mosaic?
A CD containing 20 musical selections from the game was available as a GameStop preorder bonus in the United States; it is included in all bundles in Japan, Europe, and Australia.[citation needed]

Questions:
What company included the soundtrack as a reward for ordering the game prior to release?
How many tracks were recorded on the preorder CD?
In what areas is the content of the GameStop bonus CD provided for all versions of the game?
What was included as a Gamestop preorder item?
A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself.

Questions:
Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?
What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?
What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?
In what pattern is data stored on a CD?
What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?
A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.

Questions:
What is a person who follows Christianity called?
Whose life do Christians learn from?
What Greek word is Christian derived from?
Christós is translated from what Biblical term?
A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful muscles behind them can lacerate flesh in a scratch that can lead to serious infections.

Questions:
According to a Colorado study, dog bites are what in children as compared to adults?
Out of 10,000 people, how many people are bitten by dogs in the United States?
Out of 10,000 boys between five and nine years old, how many are bitten annually by dogs?
Children are often bit where by dogs?
A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition?
Where was the study done that showed dog bites were less serious in children than adults?
About 12.9 out of 10,000 are bit by dogs, but what is the number in 10,000 for young boys from 5 to 9?
According to the text, dog scratches can cause what?
A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as possible, which adds to the complexity. However, the fact that their development cost can be spread over a large number of users means that they are often the most cost-effective approach. However, a general-purpose DBMS is not always the optimal solution: in some cases a general-purpose DBMS may introduce unnecessary overhead. Therefore, there are many examples of systems that use special-purpose databases. A common example is an email system that performs many of the functions of a general-purpose DBMS such as the insertion and deletion of messages composed of various items of data or associating messages with a particular email address; but these functions are limited to what is required to handle email and don't provide the user with all of the functionality that would be available using a general-purpose DBMS.

Questions:
How long can it take to create a DBMS?
Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s.
How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?
Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS.
A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotics were not effective. The report concluded that "it appears that the use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors have limited the epidemic spread and thus the number of these diseases which have occurred". The study further examined mortality rates for eight common diseases for which antibiotics offered effective therapy (syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, scarlet fever, whooping cough, meningococcal infections, and pneumonia), and found a 56% decline over the same period. Notable among these was a 75% decline in deaths due to tuberculosis.

Questions:
What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?
What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?
What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?
Who issued the report in 1958?
What were eight diseases examined for?
How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?
How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955?
Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?
In what year was the FTC's report issued?
A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could arguably be considered as the oldest "Dutch" single words, like vadam (modern Dutch: wad, English: "mudflat"), the Bergakker inscription yields the oldest evidence of Dutch morphology, but there is no consensus on the interpretation of the rest of the text.

Questions:
What's another term for "Frankish"?
What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?
To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?
What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?
What does the Dutch word "wad" mean in English?
A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Eton had received a total of £5,300 in CAP subsidies between 2002 and 2007. Panorama revealed in March 2012 that farming subsidies were granted to Eton for 'environmental improvements', in effect 'being paid without having to do any farming at all'.

Questions:
How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?
Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?
What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?
A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

Questions:
What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?
The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?
When was the Title King of the Germans first used?
Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"
Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?
When did a German ethnicity emerge?
When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?
Who first used rex teutonicum?
When is ein diutscher first used?
What does ein diutscher mean?
A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

Questions:
What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century?
When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end?
What document was signed in 1899?
Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899?
What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?
A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group.

Questions:
Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country?
On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?
What is Gabon's ranking?
What is South Africa's ranking?
What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?
A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia.

Questions:
What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country?
Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?
What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?
A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

Questions:
When were the plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s revealed?
What actually happened whenever USB 3.0 was updated?
When was USB 3.1 released?
What does the USB 3.1 standard increase?
A Japan-exclusive manga series based on Twilight Princess, penned and illustrated by Akira Himekawa, was first released on February 8, 2016. The series is available solely via publisher Shogakukan's MangaOne mobile application. While the manga adaptation began almost ten years after the initial release of the game on which it is based, it launched only a month before the release of the high-definition remake.

Questions:
Who wrote and provided art for a Twilight Princess comic book series?
The Twilight Princess manga was only available in what country?
Who published the Twilight Princess comic book series?
What kind of device can access the Twilight Princess manga?
A Japanese force was sent north to attack the Aleutian Islands. The next stage of the plan called for the capture of Midway, which would give him an opportunity to destroy Nimitz's remaining carriers. In May, Allied codebreakers discovered his intentions. Nagumo was again in tactical command but was focused on the invasion of Midway; Yamamoto's complex plan had no provision for intervention by Nimitz before the Japanese expected him. Planned surveillance of the U.S. fleet by long range seaplane did not happen (as a result of an abortive identical operation in March), so Fletcher's carriers were able to proceed to a flanking position without being detected. Nagumo had 272 planes operating from his four carriers, the U.S. 348 (115 land-based).

Questions:
In Yamamoto's plan, what northern islands were to be attacked?
What was the second stage objective of Yamaoto's plan?
How many planes did Nagumo have for the Midway invasion?
How many planes did the United States have in the Battle of Midway?
How many U.S. planes were land-based?
A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist.

Questions:
Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be?
Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?
Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?
Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that?
What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus?
A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation has denied that the shutdowns of the websites were politically motivated. About 2,200 police were deployed on the streets, there were no interruptions.

Questions:
A Macau citizen was arrested for posting a plea to disrupt the relay on what website?
In addition to cyberctm.com, what other website was shut down for two days?
Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?
Where was the message posted?
Who denied the shutdown was motivated by politics?
A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public.

Questions:
Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi?
What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured?
Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered?
Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya?
How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel?
A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an electric field. The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region. Free electrons are in the conduction band of energy levels, while holes are in the valence energy band. Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of the electrons. Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.

Questions:
What converts absorbed light energy into an electric current?
What is the phenomenon where a P-N junction emits light when an electrical current is applied to it?
Where are the free electrons located in the production of electroluminescence?
Whose energy levels are lower than the electrons in the electroluminescence process?
Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?
A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. PM fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding. Most larger DC motors are of the "dynamo" type, which have stator windings. Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux. However, large PMs are costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble; this favors wound fields for large machines.

Questions:
What can a PM motor not be adjusted for?
What is another name for PM fields?
What design feature does a PM motor lack?
What do field windings provide?
A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.

Questions:
If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize?
What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?
Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?
Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?
Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?
A Royal Charter in 1952 upgraded University College at Highfield to the University of Southampton. Southampton acquired city status, becoming the City of Southampton in 1964.

Questions:
What document declared the upgrade of University College at Highfield?
What is the new name of University College at Highfield?
When did Southampton officially become a city?
In what year did the Royal Charter give the University of Southampton its name?
A Science Hall was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950 it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph LaFortune, an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains.

Questions:
Which person oversaw the creation of a science hall at Notre Dame in 1883?
In what year did the student union building at Notre Dame get renamed to LaFortune Center?
After which individual was the LaFortune Center Notre Dame named?
How large in square feet is the LaFortune Center at Notre Dame?
What is the annual budget of Notre Dame's LaFortune Center?
A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.

Questions:
In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?
Who commanded the Spanish expedition?
What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?
What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve?
What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?
The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?
What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?
A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

Questions:
Who organized the Spanish expedition?
What date did the Spanish force the Portuguese to abandon the location?
Who was one significant early italian resident?
A TiVo service update in July 2008 allowed the system to search and play YouTube videos. In January 2009, YouTube launched "YouTube for TV", a version of the website tailored for set-top boxes and other TV-based media devices with web browsers, initially allowing its videos to be viewed on the PlayStation 3 and Wii video game consoles. In June 2009, YouTube XL was introduced, which has a simplified interface designed for viewing on a standard television screen. YouTube is also available as an app on Xbox Live. On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel. An app is also available for Wii U and Nintendo 3DS, and videos can be viewed on the Wii U Internet Browser using HTML5. Google made YouTube available on the Roku player on December 17, 2013 and in October 2014, the Sony PlayStation 4.

Questions:
What service was able to search and play youtube videos as of 2008?
What did youtube launch in Jan of 2009?
later in 2009 what service replaced youtube for TV
Google made youtube streamable on what gaming console in DEC. of 2013?
When did youtube finally become available on the Playstation 4?
A Turco-Mongol conqueror in Central Asia, Timur (Tamerlane), attacked the reigning Sultan Nasir-u Din Mehmud of the Tughlaq Dynasty in the north Indian city of Delhi. The Sultan's army was defeated on 17 December 1398. Timur entered Delhi and the city was sacked, destroyed, and left in ruins, after Timur's army had killed and plundered for three days and nights. He ordered the whole city to be sacked except for the sayyids, scholars, and the "other Muslims" (artists); 100,000 war prisoners were put to death in one day. The Sultanate suffered significantly from the sacking of Delhi revived briefly under the Lodi Dynasty, but it was a shadow of the former.

Questions:
What Turko-Mongol attacked and defeated the Sultan of Tughlaq dynasty?
On what date did Timur beat the Delhi Sultan?
In what shape did Timur leave the city of Delhi?
How many prisoners of war were executed in the sack of Delhi?
What were exempted from death by Timur when ordering Delhi sacked?
A UCLA research study published in the June 2006 issue of the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry found that people can improve cognitive function and brain efficiency through simple lifestyle changes such as incorporating memory exercises, healthy eating, physical fitness and stress reduction into their daily lives. This study examined 17 subjects, (average age 53) with normal memory performance. Eight subjects were asked to follow a "brain healthy" diet, relaxation, physical, and mental exercise (brain teasers and verbal memory training techniques). After 14 days, they showed greater word fluency (not memory) compared to their baseline performance. No long term follow up was conducted, it is therefore unclear if this intervention has lasting effects on memory.

Questions:
Can one increase their brain efficency?
What can a person do to increase their brain efficiency?
In a study performed with 17 subjects, what relationship did healthy changes and brain efficiency have?
Do lifestyle changes definitely have an affect on long term memory?
A USB packet's end, called EOP (end-of-packet), is indicated by the transmitter driving 2 bit times of SE0 (D+ and D− both below max.) and 1 bit time of J state. After this, the transmitter ceases to drive the D+/D− lines and the aforementioned pull up resistors hold it in the J (idle) state. Sometimes skew due to hubs can add as much as one bit time before the SE0 of the end of packet. This extra bit can also result in a "bit stuff violation" if the six bits before it in the CRC are 1s. This bit should be ignored by receiver.

Questions:
What is a USB packet's end called?
What can skew due to hubs add?
What can this extra bit result in?
A Vestal's dress represented her status outside the usual categories that defined Roman women, with elements of both virgin bride and daughter, and Roman matron and wife. Unlike male priests, Vestals were freed of the traditional obligations of marrying and producing children, and were required to take a vow of chastity that was strictly enforced: a Vestal polluted by the loss of her chastity while in office was buried alive. Thus the exceptional honor accorded a Vestal was religious rather than personal or social; her privileges required her to be fully devoted to the performance of her duties, which were considered essential to the security of Rome.

Questions:
What vow was required of Vestals?
How were the Vestals' devotion to Rome's security viewed to be ?
What was the punishment for the loss of a Vestal's chastity?
What was a Vestal expected to be to her duties?
What was the honor granted a Vestal ?
A Yagi-Uda array uses passive elements to greatly increase gain. It is built along a support boom that is pointed toward the signal, and thus sees no induced signal and does not contribute to the antenna's operation. The end closer to the source is referred to as the front. Near the rear is a single active element, typically a half-wave dipole or folded dipole. Passive elements are arranged in front (directors) and behind (reflectors) the active element along the boom. The Yagi has the inherent quality that it becomes increasingly directional, and thus has higher gain, as the number of elements increases. However, this also makes it increasingly sensitive to changes in frequency; if the signal frequency changes, not only does the active element receive less energy directly, but all of the passive elements adding to that signal also decrease their output as well and their signals no longer reach the active element in-phase.

Questions:
What can take advantage of these elements to add more gain?
Does this device improve the operation of the antenna?
What is the name for passive elements nearer to the source of the signal?
Adding more elements to a Yagi-Uda would have what effect?
A ballot initiative in Colorado, known as Amendment 36, would have changed the way in which the state apportions its electoral votes. Rather than assigning all 9 of the state's electors to the candidate with a plurality of popular votes, under the amendment Colorado would have assigned presidential electors proportionally to the statewide vote count, which would be a unique system (Nebraska and Maine assign electoral votes based on vote totals within each congressional district). Detractors claimed that this splitting would diminish Colorado's influence in the Electoral College, and the amendment ultimately failed, receiving only 34% of the vote.

Questions:
What action suggested by a state, would have affecting the outcome of the electoral votes?
What unique change to the electoral voting process did Colorado suggest should happen?
Which two states designated their assigned votes based on their districts?
Did everyone agree that Amendment 36 was a good idea?
Did Amendment 36 get passed?
A band of Middle Devonian limestone runs west to east from Cremyll to Plymstock including the Hoe. Local limestone may be seen in numerous buildings, walls and pavements throughout Plymouth. To the north and north east of the city is the granite mass of Dartmoor; the granite was mined and exported via Plymouth. Rocks brought down the Tamar from Dartmoor include ores containing tin, copper, tungsten, lead and other minerals. There is evidence that the middle Devonian limestone belt at the south edge of Plymouth and in Plymstock was quarried at West Hoe, Cattedown and Radford.

Questions:
Middle Devonian limestone exists between Plymstock and what location?
What location north of the city possesses granite?
What river was used to ferry granite from Dartmoor to Plymouth?
Along with West Hoe and Radford, where was Middle Devonian limestone quarried in the region?
What local stone was used in the construction of many Plymouth buildings?
A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a third of the size of standard birds and lay similarly small eggs. They are kept by small-holders and hobbyists for egg production, use as broody hens, ornamental purposes, and showing.

Questions:
What breed of chicken is named after a town in Java ?
How are bantams different from other chickens?
Do bantams lay regular sized eggs ?
Where are bantams kept?
A bare proton, H+, cannot exist in solution or in ionic crystals, because of its unstoppable attraction to other atoms or molecules with electrons. Except at the high temperatures associated with plasmas, such protons cannot be removed from the electron clouds of atoms and molecules, and will remain attached to them. However, the term 'proton' is sometimes used loosely and metaphorically to refer to positively charged or cationic hydrogen attached to other species in this fashion, and as such is denoted "H+" without any implication that any single protons exist freely as a species.

Questions:
What is another term for a bare proton?
A belt of massive fortifications was established around the city, most of which still stands today, renamed after French generals and generally classified as Monuments historiques; most notably Fort Roon (now Fort Desaix) and Fort Podbielski (now Fort Ducrot) in Mundolsheim, Fort von Moltke (now Fort Rapp) in Reichstett, Fort Bismarck (now Fort Kléber) in Wolfisheim, Fort Kronprinz (now Fort Foch) in Niederhausbergen, Fort Kronprinz von Sachsen (now Fort Joffre) in Holtzheim and Fort Großherzog von Baden (now Fort Frère) in Oberhausbergen.

Questions:
What was established around the city?  
Where is Fort Podbielski located?
Where is Fort Bismark located?
Where is for Kronprinz von Sachsen located?
Where is Fort Roon Located?
A boy who is late for any division or other appointment may be required to sign "Tardy Book", a register kept in the School Office, between 7.35am and 7.45am, every morning for the duration of his sentence (typically three days). Tardy Book may also be issued for late work. For more serious misdeeds, a boy is summoned from his lessons to the Head Master, or Lower Master if the boy is in the lower two years, to talk personally about his misdeeds. This is known as the "Bill". The most serious misdeeds may result in expulsion, or rustication (suspension). Conversely, should a master be more than 15 minutes late for a class, traditionally the pupils might claim it as a "run" and absent themselves for the rest of its duration.

Questions:
What term is used if a master is more than 15 minutes late to a class?
Where is the "Tardy Book" kept?
How long is the typical punishment for being tardy?
When a boy is summoned to the Head Master, what is the experience called?
What is another term for rustication?
A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

Questions:
When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city?
What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's?
When did new construction start in Melbourne?
When did Australia have a banking crisis?
During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression?
How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?
How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne?
The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893?
When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne?
A brewery tap is the nearest outlet for a brewery's beers. This is usually a room or bar in the brewery itself, though the name may be applied to the nearest pub. The term is not applied to a brewpub which brews and sells its beer on the same premises.

Questions:
What is the closest outlet for a brewery's beers called?
If the brewery tap is not located in the brewery, where is it usually located?
What is the term for a pub that brews and sells its own beer?
A brief shoot at London's City Hall was filmed on 18 April 2015, while Mendes was on location. On 17 May 2015 filming took place on the Thames in London. Stunt scenes involving Craig and Seydoux on a speedboat as well as a low flying helicopter near Westminster Bridge were shot at night, with filming temporarily closing both Westminster and Lambeth Bridges. Scenes were also shot on the river near MI6's headquarters at Vauxhall Cross. The crew returned to the river less than a week later to film scenes solely set on Westminster Bridge. The London Fire Brigade was on set to simulate rain as well as monitor smoke used for filming. Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, as well as Harris and Fiennes, were seen being filmed. Prior to this, scenes involving Fiennes were shot at a restaurant in Covent Garden. Filming then took place in Trafalgar Square. In early June, the crew, as well as Craig, Seydoux, and Waltz, returned to the Thames for a final time to continue filming scenes previously shot on the river.

Questions:
Which bridges were shut down because of filming?
Which organization provided water for weather effects?
Which river was used in some of the shoots taking place in London?
Where is MI6 based?
Filming closed which two bridges in London?
Who helped the filmakers simulate rain while shooting in London?
Where were the scenes of Ralph Fiennes in a restaurant shot?
Where stunt scenes on the Thames shot during the day or the night?
A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather than their specific DNA loci, with regulatory elements classified as gene-associated regions.

Questions:
What sort of definition can be used to conveniently encompass the complexity of diverse phenomena?
What is the broad operational definition of a gene?
What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?
What does the broad operational definition of gene categorize genes by?
What does the broad operational definition of a gene classify as gene-associated regions?
A broad way of defining adolescence is the transition from child-to-adulthood. According to Hogan & Astone (1986), this transition can include markers such as leaving school, starting a full-time job, leaving the home of origin, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time. However, the time frame of this transition varies drastically by culture. In some countries, such as the United States, adolescence can last nearly a decade, but in others, the transition—often in the form of a ceremony—can last for only a few days.

Questions:
The transition from child-to-adulthood can be broadly defined as what?
How long does the United States believe adolescence lasts?
Does the time frame of adolescence vary from culture to culture or remain universally agreed upon?
Leaving school, starting a full-time job, getting married, and becoming a parent for the first time are markers in what stage of one's development, according to Hogan & Astone?
A browser extension is a computer program that extends the functionality of a web browser. Every major web browser supports the development of browser extensions.

Questions:
A computer program that continues the functionality of a browser is called what?
A cabinet of coins is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG. The Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the Museum for textile art. The EXPOseeum is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and objects from the orient can be visited in the Oriental Carpet Museum. The Blind Man Museum is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The Museum of veterinary medicine is unique in Germany. The Museum for Energy History describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The Home Museum Ahlem shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte shows modern art. Modern art is also the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust, the Nord/LB Art Gellery and of the Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik.

Questions:
What is the Münzkabinett der TUI-AG?
What is the name of the largest police museum in Germany?
Where can you find carpets and objects from the orient?
Other than in Hanover, where else can you find a Blind Man Museum?
What is the main topic of the Kunsthalle Faust?
A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy temporarily in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric (i.e. an insulator that can store energy by becoming polarized). The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.

Questions:
What was a capacitor originally known as?
How many electrical conductors, or plates, do all capacitors contain at a minimum?
What is the name of the insulator in all capacitors that can store energy by becoming polarized?
In what form does a capacitor store energy?
Where is the energy stored by a capacitor located?
A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. In SI units, a capacitance of one farad means that one coulomb of charge on each conductor causes a voltage of one volt across the device.

Questions:
What type of area is between the two conductors in a capacitor?
What is the name given to the area between two conductors in a capacitor?
What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?
What type of charges do conductors hold on their facing surfaces?
What region within a capacitor develops an electric field?
A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve.

Questions:
What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?
What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella?
At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again?
How is A cappella currently defined?
A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles?
A cappella has been used as the sole orchestration for original works of musical theater that have had commercial runs Off-Broadway (theaters in New York City with 99 to 500 seats) only four times. The first was Avenue X which opened on 28 January 1994 and ran for 77 performances. It was produced by Playwrights Horizons with book by John Jiler, music and lyrics by Ray Leslee. The musical style of the show's score was primarily Doo-Wop as the plot revolved around Doo-Wop group singers of the 1960s.

Questions:
How many works of a cappella in musical theater have been successful in Off-Broadway productions?
What was the name of the a cappella musical that first opened 28 January 1994?
What time period was Avenue X set in?
What was the final number of performances in Avenue X's original run?
Who was responsible for the lyrics of Avenue X?
A cappella is gaining popularity among South Asians with the emergence of primarily Hindi-English College groups. The first South Asian a cappella group was Penn Masala, founded in 1996 at the University of Pennsylvania. Co-ed South Asian a cappella groups are also gaining in popularity. The first co-ed south Asian a cappella was Anokha, from the University of Maryland, formed in 2001. Also, Dil se, another co-ed a cappella from UC Berkeley, hosts the "Anahat" competition at the University of California, Berkeley annually. Maize Mirchi, the co-ed a cappella group from the University of Michigan hosts "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella", an annual South Asian a cappella invitational with various groups from the Midwest.

Questions:
Whas is the name of the ethnic a capella group founded at the University of Pennsylvania in 1996?
Among which group is a capella becoming more prominent?
What is the name of the first South Asian a capella group to accept both men and women?
What a capella competition is hosted at UC Berkeley?
What group hosts the a capella competition "Sa Re Ga Ma Pella"?