the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Tourism contributes billions of dollars each year to the state's economy and Tennessee is ranked among the Top 10 destinations in the US. In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism equaled $1.5 billion. Each county in Tennessee saw at least $1 million from tourism while 19 counties received at least $100 million (Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier counties were the top three). Tourism-generated jobs for the state reached 152,900, a 2.8% increase. International travelers to Tennessee accounted for $533 million in spending.

Questions:
In which year did Tennessee tourism first exceed 100 million visitors?
How many billions of dollars were spend by tourists in Tennessee in 2014?
How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?
In 2014, which three Tennessee counties took in the most money from tourism?
What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?
Tourism has been a key factor in economic development for many Southeast Asian countries, especially Cambodia. According to UNESCO, "tourism, if correctly conceived, can be a tremendous development tool and an effective means of preserving the cultural diversity of our planet." Since the early 1990s, "even the non-ASEAN nations such as Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Burma, where the income derived from tourism is low, are attempting to expand their own tourism industries." In 1995, Singapore was the regional leader in tourism receipts relative to GDP at over 8%. By 1998, those receipts had dropped to less than 6% of GDP while Thailand and Lao PDR increased receipts to over 7%. Since 2000, Cambodia has surpassed all other ASEAN countries and generated almost 15% of its GDP from tourism in 2006.

Questions:
Of the Southeast Asian countries, which one's key economic development is based on Tourism?
According to which entity can tourism be a tremendous development tool & means to preserving the cultural diversity of the planet?
Who was the regional leader in tourism in 1995?
From 2000, Cambodia has surpassed other ASEAN countries in generating GDP on which sector?
Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, its beaches, and numerous tourist attractions such as Balboa Park, Belmont amusement park, San Diego Zoo, San Diego Zoo Safari Park, and SeaWorld San Diego. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in the many historic sites across the city, such as Mission San Diego de Alcala and Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. Also, the local craft brewing industry attracts an increasing number of visitors for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November; San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital."

Questions:
What type of tours attract a large number of visitors to San Diego?
What big event takes place in San Diego in November?
What historical mission is a major tourist attraction in San Diego?
What popular park in San Diego is home to the San Diego Zoo, SeaWorld, and countless museums?
What nickname has the city  been given as a result of its extensive craft beer industry?
Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including legends of a visit by the young Jesus of Nazareth and Joseph of Arimathea, with links to the Holy Grail, King Arthur, and Camelot, identified by some as Cadbury Castle, an Iron Age hill fort. Glastonbury also gives its name to an annual open-air rock festival held in nearby Pilton. There are show caves open to visitors in the Cheddar Gorge, as well as its locally produced cheese, although there is now only one remaining cheese maker in the village of Cheddar.

Questions:
Tourism supports how many people in the County 
Some of the county attractions are 
What does Glastonbury have associations with 
What type of festival is Glastonbury famous for 
What type of cheese is the county famous for
Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists – receiving approximately 51 million tourists in 2011, 54 million in 2013, and a record 56.4 million in 2014. Tourism generated an all-time high US$61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014.

Questions:
How many tourists visited New York in 2011?
How many people came to visit New York in 2013?
What is the record number of tourists that have visited New York in a year?
How much money did tourism create for New York in 2014?
How many tourists that visited NYC in 2014 broke the record?
How many tourists visited NYC in 2013?
Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most glamorous in the world for its nightclubs, beaches, historical buildings, and shopping. Annual events such as the Sony Ericsson Open, Art Basel, Winter Music Conference, South Beach Wine & Food Festival, and Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Miami attract millions to the metropolis every year.

Questions:
How many tourists come to Miami each year?
How much money do tourists spend in Miami every year?
What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?
Who sponsors Fashion Week Miami?
Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction exists in the Art Deco District?
Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), was started. Separate organizations were created in Kathmandu to promote this activity; some of these include the Tourism Development Board, the Department of Tourism and the Civil Aviation Department. Furthermore, Nepal became a member of several international tourist associations. Establishing diplomatic relations with other nations further accentuated this activity. The hotel industry, travel agencies, training of tourist guides, and targeted publicity campaigns are the chief reasons for the remarkable growth of this industry in Nepal, and in Kathmandu in particular.

Questions:
Approximately when did the Nepalese tourism industry begin?
What city was connected to Kathmandu via the Tribhuvan Highway?
When did construction on the Tribhuvan Highway begin?
Tourism, especially religious tourism, is an important industry in Israel, with the country's temperate climate, beaches, archaeological, other historical and biblical sites, and unique geography also drawing tourists. Israel's security problems have taken their toll on the industry, but the number of incoming tourists is on the rebound. In 2013, a record of 3.54 million tourists visited Israel with the most popular site of attraction being the Western Wall with 68% of tourists visiting there. Israel has the highest number of museums per capita in the world.

Questions:
What is an important industry in Israel?
How many tourists visited Israel in 2013?
What is the most popular tourist attraction in Israel?
Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

Questions:
What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal?
Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year?
What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917?
What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop?
What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists?
Towards the center, at the end of the groove, there is another wide-pitched section known as the lead-out. At the very end of this section the groove joins itself to form a complete circle, called the lock groove; when the stylus reaches this point, it circles repeatedly until lifted from the record. On some recordings (for example Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles, Super Trouper by Abba and Atom Heart Mother by Pink Floyd), the sound continues on the lock groove, which gives a strange repeating effect. Automatic turntables rely on the position or angular velocity of the arm, as it reaches the wider spacing in the groove, to trigger a mechanism that lifts the arm off the record. Precisely because of this mechanism, most automatic turntables are incapable of playing any audio in the lock groove, since they will lift the arm before it reaches that groove.

Questions:
What is a 'lead out'?
What is the center where the data joins to complete a circle?
Do turntables play music on lock grooves?
What do most automatic turn tables do when they meet a lock groove?
Where do you find a lead out?
Towards the end of the 1990s and into the 2000s, producers such as Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain and DJ Falcon began producing a new sound out of Paris's house scene. Together, they laid the groundwork for what would be known as the French house movement. By combining the harder-edged-yet-soulful philosophy of Chicago house with the melodies of obscure funk, state-of-the-art production techniques and the sound of analog synthesizers, they began to create the standards that would shape all house music.

Questions:
Daft Punk began producing a new sound out of what european city?
When did Daft Punk begin producing a new sound?
Daft Punk, Stardust, Cassius, St. Germain, and DJ Falcon all came from what scene?
Towards the end of the Republic, religious and political offices became more closely intertwined; the office of pontifex maximus became a de facto consular prerogative. Augustus was personally vested with an extraordinary breadth of political, military and priestly powers; at first temporarily, then for his lifetime. He acquired or was granted an unprecedented number of Rome's major priesthoods, including that of pontifex maximus; as he invented none, he could claim them as traditional honours. His reforms were represented as adaptive, restorative and regulatory, rather than innovative; most notably his elevation (and membership) of the ancient Arvales, his timely promotion of the plebeian Compitalia shortly before his election and his patronage of the Vestals as a visible restoration of Roman morality. Augustus obtained the pax deorum, maintained it for the rest of his reign and adopted a successor to ensure its continuation. This remained a primary religious and social duty of emperors.

Questions:
By the end of the Republic, what offices were increasingly joined?
What Roman figure was given wide and lifeime powers?
How many priesthoods was Augustus given?
How were Augustus's reforms viewed?
As a return to what did Augustus portray the Vestals in his reforms?
Towards the end of the season, Randy Jackson, the last remaining of the original judges, announced that he would no longer serve as a judge to pursue other business ventures. Both judges Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj also decided to leave after one season to focus on their music careers.

Questions:
Which long time judge decided to leave his position at the end of the season?
How many seasons was Mariah Carey a judge on American Idol?
Who announced this would be his final year as a judge?
Who were the other judges to leave after this season?
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearly half of the built-up areas of 67 cities were destroyed by B-29 firebombing raids. On 9–10 March 1945 alone, about 100,000 people were killed in a conflagration caused by an incendiary attack on Tokyo. LeMay also oversaw Operation Starvation, in which the inland waterways of Japan were extensively mined by air, which disrupted the small amount of remaining Japanese coastal sea traffic. On 26 July 1945, the President of the United States Harry S. Truman, the President of the Nationalist Government of China Chiang Kai-shek and the Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill issued the Potsdam Declaration, which outlined the terms of surrender for the Empire of Japan as agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference. This ultimatum stated that, if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction."

Questions:
Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command?
How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?
When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?
Who oversaw Operation Starvation?
What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender?
Tower Control controls aircraft on the runway and in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport. Tower controllers may use radar to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space, or they may rely on pilot position reports and visual observation. They coordinate the sequencing of aircraft in the traffic pattern and direct aircraft on how to safely join and leave the circuit. Aircraft which are only passing through the airspace must also contact Tower Control in order to be sure that they remain clear of other traffic.

Questions:
Who controls aircraft on the runway?
Tower controllers use what to locate an aircraft's position in three-dimensional space?
Who controls aircraft in the controlled airspace immediately surrounding the airport?
Why should aircraft that is only passing through an airspace contact Tower Control?
Town Quay is the original public quay, and dates from the 13th century. Today's Eastern Docks were created in the 1830s by land reclamation of the mud flats between the Itchen & Test estuaries. The Western Docks date from the 1930s when the Southern Railway Company commissioned a major land reclamation and dredging programme. Most of the material used for reclamation came from dredging of Southampton Water, to ensure that the port can continue to handle large ships.

Questions:
What's the name of the public quay that's been in Southampton since the 13th century?
In what decade were the Eastern Docks that can be seen today created?
What company commissioned the program that created the Western Docks?
What body of water was dredged for the material used for reclamation?
In what decade did the Southern Railway Company commission the program that created the Western Docks?
Town terraced houses for all social classes remained resolutely tall and narrow, each dwelling occupying the whole height of the building. This contrasted with well-off continental dwellings, which had already begun to be formed of wide apartments occupying only one or two floors of a building; such arrangements were only typical in England when housing groups of batchelors, as in Oxbridge colleges, the lawyers in the Inns of Court or The Albany after it was converted in 1802. In the period in question, only in Edinburgh were working-class purpose-built tenements common, though lodgers were common in other cities. A curving crescent, often looking out at gardens or a park, was popular for terraces where space allowed. In early and central schemes of development, plots were sold and built on individually, though there was often an attempt to enforce some uniformity, but as development reached further out schemes were increasingly built as a uniform scheme and then sold.

Questions:
What shape and size did most town terraced houses take on?
What year did The Albany convert?
Well-off continental dwellings consisted of?
What was the only city where working class purpose built tenements common?
What was popular for terraces where there was enough space?
Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia. Instead, in 1993, redundant factory buildings were converted to form Clarks Village, the first purpose-built factory outlet in the UK. C&J Clark also had shoe factories, at one time at Bridgwater, Minehead, Westfield and Weston super Mare to provide employment outside the main summer tourist season, but those satellite sites were closed in the late 1980s, before the main site at Street. Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group, using redundant skilled shoemakers from C&J Clark; that work has also been transferred to Asia.

Questions:
What towns grew around the weaving Industry 
Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area 
What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset
Toxocara canis (dog roundworm) eggs in dog feces can cause toxocariasis. In the United States, about 10,000 cases of Toxocara infection are reported in humans each year, and almost 14% of the U.S. population is infected. In Great Britain, 24% of soil samples taken from public parks contained T. canis eggs. Untreated toxocariasis can cause retinal damage and decreased vision. Dog feces can also contain hookworms that cause cutaneous larva migrans in humans.

Questions:
What is the common name of the species that causes Toxocariasis?
How are Toxicara canis infections spread?
About how many people get a Toxocara infection each year?
Toxocariasis can lead to what in humans?
Toxocariasis is caused by what kind of eggs in dog feces?
What percentage of people in America are infected with the Toxocara infection?
How many Toxocara infection cases are reported annually in the US?
What percentage of soil contained T. canis eggs in Great Britain public parks?
If toxocariasis is left untreated, what can happen to a person?
Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall. It has regained some popularity recently in low-voltage tracks, which often look nothing like their predecessors because they do not have the safety issues that line-voltage systems have, and are therefore less bulky and more ornamental in themselves. A master transformer feeds all of the fixtures on the track or rod with 12 or 24 volts, instead of each light fixture having its own line-to-low voltage transformer. There are traditional spots and floods, as well as other small hanging fixtures. A modified version of this is cable lighting, where lights are hung from or clipped to bare metal cables under tension.

Questions:
Who invented track lighting?
What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer.
What  type of lighting uses lights that are hung or clipped to bare metal cables?
How many volts does a track lighting system usually use?
Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.

Questions:
Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races?
What kind of races does Rillito Downs hold?
What former Tucson horse racetrack no longer exists?
What is on the former site of the Moltacqua track now?
How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona?
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 which were challenged forcefully by the Sioux under chief Sitting Bull. These clashes, in part, contributed to the Panic of 1873 which delayed construction of the railroad into Montana. Surveys in 1874, 1875 and 1876 helped spark the Great Sioux War of 1876. The transcontinental NPR was completed on September 8, 1883, at Gold Creek.

Questions:
When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the west?
When did the Northern Pacific Railroad reach Montana from the east?
What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?
What year was the Great White Sioux War?
When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished?
Trade secret misappropriation is different from violations of other intellectual property laws, since by definition trade secrets are secret, while patents and registered copyrights and trademarks are publicly available. In the United States, trade secrets are protected under state law, and states have nearly universally adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act. The United States also has federal law in the form of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (18 U.S.C. §§ 1831–1839), which makes the theft or misappropriation of a trade secret a federal crime. This law contains two provisions criminalizing two sorts of activity. The first, 18 U.S.C. § 1831(a), criminalizes the theft of trade secrets to benefit foreign powers. The second, 18 U.S.C. § 1832, criminalizes their theft for commercial or economic purposes. (The statutory penalties are different for the two offenses.) In Commonwealth common law jurisdictions, confidentiality and trade secrets are regarded as an equitable right rather than a property right but penalties for theft are roughly the same as the United States.[citation needed]

Questions:
Which type of intellectual property is secret?
What law do most US states use to protect trade secrets?
What US federal law protects trade secrets?
Commonwealth common law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?
US law regards trade secrets as what kind of right?
Trademark infringement occurs when one party uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services of the other party. In many countries, a trademark receives protection without registration, but registering a trademark provides legal advantages for enforcement. Infringement can be addressed by civil litigation and, in several jurisdictions, under criminal law.

Questions:
What occurs when someone uses a trademark that is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by someone else?
What does registering a trademark provide?
Where is a trademark protected without registration?
How is trademark infringement addressed in most jurisdictions?
How is trademark infringement addressed in a few jurisdictions?
Trading companies became active in Tuvalu in the mid-19th century; the trading companies engaged palagi traders who lived on the islands. John (also known as Jack) O'Brien was the first European to settle in Tuvalu, he became a trader on Funafuti in the 1850s. He married Salai, the daughter of the paramount chief of Funafuti. Louis Becke, who later found success as a writer, was a trader on Nanumanga from April 1880 until the trading-station was destroyed later that year in a cyclone. He then became a trader on Nukufetau.

Questions:
In what century did trading companies arrive in Tuvalu?
What type of traders did the trading companies employ on Tuvalu?
Who was the first European to permanently settle on Tuvalu?
Which native did O'Brien marry?
What trader turned author established a post on Tuvalu?
Trading in influence, or influence peddling, refers a person selling his/her influence over the decision making process to benefit a third party (person or institution). The difference with bribery is that this is a tri-lateral relation. From a legal point of view, the role of the third party (who is the target of the influence) does not really matter although he/she can be an accessory in some instances. It can be difficult to make a distinction between this form of corruption and some forms of extreme and loosely regulated lobbying where for instance law- or decision-makers can freely "sell" their vote, decision power or influence to those lobbyists who offer the highest compensation, including where for instance the latter act on behalf of powerful clients such as industrial groups who want to avoid the passing of specific environmental, social, or other regulations perceived as too stringent, etc. Where lobbying is (sufficiently) regulated, it becomes possible to provide for a distinctive criteria and to consider that trading in influence involves the use of "improper influence", as in article 12 of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 173) of the Council of Europe.

Questions:
Selling or trading government position influence is called what?
Selling influence can involve third-parties and this is called what type of relation?
In some situations the third-party in an influence peddling crime may be not involved or may be what?
Where lobbying is controlled, what does it provide for consideration to determine improper influencing?
What article of the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption contains distinctive criteria to determine improper influence?
Traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century. Alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries.

Questions:
What was the one ingredient of traditional English ale?
What country pioneered the introduction of hops for beer production?
In what century was the process of using hops to produce beer introduced to England?
In what century did the first independent breweries appear in England?
What businesses were the dominant brewers of beer in England by the close of the 17th century?
Traditional Eritrean attire is quite varied among the ethnic groups of Eritrea. In the larger cities, most people dress in Western casual dress such as jeans and shirts. In offices, both men and women often dress in suits. Traditional clothing for Christian Tigrinya-speaking highlanders consists of bright white gowns called zurias for the women, and long white shirts accompanied by white pants for the men. In Muslim communities in the Eritrean lowland, the women traditionally dress in brightly colored clothes. Only Rashaida women maintain a tradition of covering half of their faces, though they do not cover their hair.

Questions:
How do most people dress in the larger cities of Eritrea?
How do both men and women often dress in offices in Eritrea?
What are zurias, the traditional clothes still worn by Christian highlander women in Eritrea?
How do women in the Muslim communities of the Eritrean lowland dress?
Who are the only women who follow the tradition of covering half of their faces, though not their hair?
Traditional architecture is distinctive and include the Manueline, also known as Portuguese late Gothic, a sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century. A 20th-century interpretation of traditional architecture, Soft Portuguese style, appears extensively in major cities, especially Lisbon. Modern Portugal has given the world renowned architects like Eduardo Souto de Moura, Álvaro Siza Vieira (both Pritzker Prize winners) and Gonçalo Byrne. In Portugal Tomás Taveira is also noteworthy, particularly for stadium design.

Questions:
What is the Manueline style also known as?
What is the Manueline style?
What is Soft Portuguese style?
Who are some of the most renowned architects to come from Portugal?
For what is Tomas Taveira particularly noteworthy for in Portugal?
Traditional games are played in pubs, ranging from the well-known darts, skittles, dominoes, cards and bar billiards, to the more obscure Aunt Sally, Nine Men's Morris and ringing the bull. In the UK betting is legally limited to certain games such as cribbage or dominoes, played for small stakes. In recent decades the game of pool (both the British and American versions) has increased in popularity as well as other table based games such as snooker or Table Football becoming common.

Questions:
What game played in both Britain and America has become increasingly popular in pubs?
Along with Aunt Sally and ringing the bull, what is one of the obscure traditional games played in pubs?
Along with darts, skittles, dominoes and bar billiards, what is a well-known pub game?
Along with dominoes, on what pub game can you legally bet in the United Kingdom?
What table-based version of soccer is an increasingly popular pub game?
Traditional morphological and modern molecular phylogenetic analysis have both recognized a major evolutionary transition from "non-bilaterian" animals, which are those lacking a bilaterally symmetric body plan (Porifera, Ctenophora, Cnidaria and Placozoa), to "bilaterian" animals (Bilateria) whose body plans display bilateral symmetry. The latter are further classified based on a major division between Deuterostomes and Protostomes. The relationships among non-bilaterian animals are disputed, but all bilaterian animals are thought to form a monophyletic group. Current understanding of the relationships among the major groups of animals is summarized by the following cladogram:

Questions:
What are some examples of non-bilaterian animals?
What are animals whose body plans display bilateral symmetry called?
Animals in what group are thought to form a monophyletic group?
Traditional morphology-based or appearance-based systematics have usually given the Hexapoda the rank of superclass,:180 and identified four groups within it: insects (Ectognatha), springtails (Collembola), Protura, and Diplura, the latter three being grouped together as the Entognatha on the basis of internalized mouth parts. Supraordinal relationships have undergone numerous changes with the advent of methods based on evolutionary history and genetic data. A recent theory is that the Hexapoda are polyphyletic (where the last common ancestor was not a member of the group), with the entognath classes having separate evolutionary histories from the Insecta. Many of the traditional appearance-based taxa have been shown to be paraphyletic, so rather than using ranks like subclass, superorder, and infraorder, it has proved better to use monophyletic groupings (in which the last common ancestor is a member of the group). The following represents the best-supported monophyletic groupings for the Insecta.

Questions:
Morphology-based and appearance-based are known as what?
What class is the Hexapoda ranked?
How many groups are defined in the superclass?
Springtails are also known as what?
Collembola, protura, and dipkura are in a group called what?
Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or "Schwingen". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein.

Questions:
Which popular Swiss sport is a cross between baseball and golf?
Which old, traditional sport is considered to be the national sport by some Swiss?
What is thrown in the Swiss competition Steinstossen?
Which Swiss population is the only one to have practiced Steinstossen since prehistoric times?
What was the name of the 83.5 kg stone that symbolized the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805?
Traditional willow growing and weaving (such as basket weaving) is not as extensive as it used to be but is still carried out on the Somerset Levels and is commemorated at the Willows and Wetlands Visitor Centre. Fragments of willow basket were found near the Glastonbury Lake Village, and it was also used in the construction of several Iron Age causeways. The willow was harvested using a traditional method of pollarding, where a tree would be cut back to the main stem. During the 1930s more than 3,600 hectares (8,900 acres) of willow were being grown commercially on the Levels. Largely due to the displacement of baskets with plastic bags and cardboard boxes, the industry has severely declined since the 1950s. By the end of the 20th century only about 140 hectares (350 acres) were grown commercially, near the villages of Burrowbridge, Westonzoyland and North Curry. The Somerset Levels is now the only area in the UK where basket willow is grown commercially.

Questions:
Where is willow growing still practiced 
What is pollarding 
What did plastic bags result in 
The somerset level is the only area left  to commercially grow what
Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the past not too far from those of the courtesans who educated the young men in the other arts.

Questions:
Where have Nanjing's after-hours activities typically been located?
What three things were popular in the Nanjing Fuzimiao area?
What was a major night attraction for Nanjing?
What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?
What is another name for Nanjing Fuzimiao?
Traditionally a carnival feast was the last opportunity to eat well before the time of food shortage at the end of the winter during which one was limited to the minimum necessary. On what nowadays is called vastenavond (the days before fasting) all the remaining winter stores of lard, butter and meat which were left would be eaten, for it would soon start to rot and decay. The selected livestock had in fact already been slaughtered in November and the meat would be no longer preservable. All the food that had survived the winter had to be eaten to assure that everyone was fed enough to survive until the coming spring would provide new food sources.

Questions:
What does vastenavond mean?
What month was the livestock typically slaughtered?
A carnival feast is the last time to do what before winter?
Why were the winter stores of lard and meat eaten before fasting?
Why was the carnival feast typically the last opportunity to eat well?
What was one limited to during the winter?
Why would all the remaining stores of lard, butter and meat left at vastenavond be eaten?
What does "vastenavond" mean?
When would new food sources be available for those who survived the winter?
Traditionally a sea-power, Portugal has had a strong tradition in the Portuguese fishing sector and is one of the countries with the highest fish consumption per capita. The main landing sites in Portugal (including Azores and Madeira), according to total landings in weight by year, are the harbours of Matosinhos, Peniche, Olhão, Sesimbra, Figueira da Foz, Sines, Portimão and Madeira. Portuguese processed fish products are exported through several companies, under a number of different brands and registered trademarks, such as Ramirez (the world’s oldest active canned fish producer), Bom Petisco, Nero, Combate, Comur, General, Líder, Manná, Murtosa, Pescador, Pitéu, Tenório, Torreira and Vasco da Gama.[citation needed]

Questions:
Which company is the world's oldest canned fish producer?
What are the names of various companies that produce and export fish products?
What food does Portugal have one of the highest rates of consumption of?
Traditionally considered the last part of the Stone Age, the Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period and commenced with the beginning of farming, which produced the "Neolithic Revolution". It ended when metal tools became widespread (in the Copper Age or Bronze Age; or, in some geographical regions, in the Iron Age). The Neolithic is a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes, including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals.

Questions:
What era is commonly known as the final phase of the Stone Age?
What era preceded the Neolithic?
What event is associated with the start of farming?
What era saw an increase in metal tool use?
Traditionally the Rajputs, Jats, Meenas, Gurjars, Bhils, Rajpurohit, Charans, Yadavs, Bishnois, Sermals, PhulMali (Saini) and other tribes made a great contribution in building the state of Rajasthan. All these tribes suffered great difficulties in protecting their culture and the land. Millions of them were killed trying to protect their land. A number of Gurjars had been exterminated in Bhinmal and Ajmer areas fighting with the invaders. Bhils once ruled Kota. Meenas were rulers of Bundi and the Dhundhar region.

Questions:
Members of what tribe were exterminated in Ajmer?
What tribe formerly ruled Kota?
What was the name of the group that formerly ruled Bundi?
What is another way to refer to the PhulMali?
The Jats assisted in building what state?
Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates. In turn the clitellates were divided into oligochaetes, which include earthworms, and hirudinomorphs, whose best-known members are leeches. For many years there was no clear arrangement of the approximately 80 polychaete families into higher-level groups. In 1997 Greg Rouse and Kristian Fauchald attempted a "first heuristic step in terms of bringing polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour", based on anatomical structures, and divided polychaetes into:

Questions:
What two groups are annelids traditionally divided among?
What subtype of clitellates contains earthworms?
What subtype of clitellates contains leeches?
How many polychaete families are there?
When did Greg Rouse begin trying to categorize polychaetes?
Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar, the six weeks directly before Easter, was originally marked by fasting and other pious or penitential practices. During Lent, no parties or celebrations were held, and people refrained from eating rich foods, such as meat, dairy, fat and sugar.

Questions:
What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period?
All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event?
The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity?
How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar?
What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent?
Traditionally, Espanyol was seen by the vast majority of Barcelona's citizens as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to Barça's revolutionary spirit. Also in the 1960s and 1970s, while FC Barcelona acted as an integrating force for Catalonia's new arrivals from poorer regions of Spain expecting to find a better life, Espanyol drew their support mainly from sectors close to the regime such as policemen, military officers, civil servants and career fascists.

Questions:
How was Espanyol viewed as being toward Spanish authority by the people of Barcelona?
What type of supporters did Barcelona  attract?
From where did Espanyol draw their supporters?
When did Barcelona act as a draw to new arrivals from Catalan?
What kind of spirit does Team Barcelona seem to encourage?
Traditionally, Section 1983 was of limited use for a state prisoner under sentence of death because the Supreme Court has held that habeas corpus, not Section 1983, is the only vehicle by which a state prisoner can challenge his judgment of death. In the 2006 Hill v. McDonough case, however, the United States Supreme Court approved the use of Section 1983 as a vehicle for challenging a state's method of execution as cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment. The theory is that a prisoner bringing such a challenge is not attacking directly his judgment of death, but rather the means by which that the judgment will be carried out. Therefore, the Supreme Court held in the Hill case that a prisoner can use Section 1983 rather than habeas corpus to bring the lawsuit. Yet, as Clarence Hill's own case shows, lower federal courts have often refused to hear suits challenging methods of execution on the ground that the prisoner brought the claim too late and only for the purposes of delay. Further, the Court's decision in Baze v. Rees, upholding a lethal injection method used by many states, has drastically narrowed the opportunity for relief through Section 1983.

Questions:
In what case did the Supreme Court allow Section 1983 to be used to challenge a method of execution?
In what year was Hill v. McDonough decided?
What amendment of the Constitution does cruel and unusual punishment violate?
What case notably upheld the use of a method of lethal injection?
Along with Section 1983, through what means can a convict on death row challenge his execution?
Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central offices in The Hague. Nevertheless, there were very large "exploration and production" companies in a few major oil and gas production centres such as the United Kingdom (Shell Expro, a Joint Venture with Exxon), Nigeria, Brunei, and Oman.

Questions:
Shell was traditionally considered what type of business worldwide?
Shell operated companies in how many countries?
A good deal of technical and financial direction for the upstream came from what entity?
What types of companies existed in a few major oil and gas production centers?
Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Only in 2002 did Switzerland become a full member of the United Nations and it was the first state to join it by referendum. Switzerland maintains diplomatic relations with almost all countries and historically has served as an intermediary between other states. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. However, Switzerland does participate in the Schengen Area.

Questions:
When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized?
What was Switzerland the first state to join the U.N. by?
What have the Swiss people continually rejected membership in since the 1990's?
How long has Switzerland traditionally been neutral?
How does Switzerland treat alliances that might entail military or political action?
Traditionally, major college basketball teams began their seasons with a few exhibition games. They played travelling teams made up of former college players on teams such as Athletes in Action or a team sponsored by Marathon Oil. On occasion before 1992, when FIBA allowed professional players on foreign national teams, colleges played those teams in exhibitions. However, in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association banned games with non-college teams. Some teams have begun scheduling exhibition games against teams in NCAA Division II and NCAA Division III, or even against colleges and universities located in Canada. Major college basketball teams still travel to other countries during the summer to play in exhibition games, although a college team is allowed one foreign tour every four years, and a maximum of ten games in each tour.

Questions:
What is an example of a corporate sponsor of a basketball team?
What is an example of a team of former college players?
When did the FIBA stop allowing pros on foreign national teams?
When did the NCAA decide college teams could only play other college teams?
How often does the NCAA allow college teams to go overseas?
Traditionally, simple carbohydrates are believed to be absorbed quickly, and therefore to raise blood-glucose levels more rapidly than complex carbohydrates. This, however, is not accurate. Some simple carbohydrates (e.g., fructose) follow different metabolic pathways (e.g., fructolysis) that result in only a partial catabolism to glucose, while, in essence, many complex carbohydrates may be digested at the same rate as simple carbohydrates. Glucose stimulates the production of insulin through food entering the bloodstream, which is grasped by the beta cells in the pancreas.

Questions:
What was traditionally believed to be absorbed quickly causing blood - glucose levels to rapidly rise?
What is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
When simple carbohydrates undergo metabolic pathways, what do they result in after partial catabolism?
What is glucose able to stimulate that is required in the human body?
Where are beta cells that attach to insulin located?
Traditionally, subspecies are seen as geographically isolated and genetically differentiated populations. That is, "the designation 'subspecies' is used to indicate an objective degree of microevolutionary divergence" One objection to this idea is that it does not specify what degree of differentiation is required. Therefore, any population that is somewhat biologically different could be considered a subspecies, even to the level of a local population. As a result, Templeton has argued that it is necessary to impose a threshold on the level of difference that is required for a population to be designated a subspecies.

Questions:
What are traditionally geographically isolated?
What is "subspecies" used to indicate an objective degree of?
What is an objection to the idea of subspecies because it doesn't specify this?
What would a population have to somewhat be to be considered a subspecies?
What did Templeton argue is necessary to impose a threshold on for a population to be a subspecies?