the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, enabled by captured German rocket technology and personnel. The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon. The competition began on August 2, 1955, when the Soviet Union responded to the US announcement four days earlier of intent to launch artificial satellites for the International Geophysical Year, by declaring they would also launch a satellite "in the near future". The Soviet Union beat the US to this, with the October 4, 1957 orbiting of Sputnik 1, and later beat the US to the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The Space Race peaked with the July 20, 1969 US landing of the first humans on the Moon with Apollo 11. The USSR tried but failed manned lunar missions, and eventually cancelled them and concentrated on Earth orbital space stations. A period of détente followed with the April 1972 agreement on a co-operative Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, resulting in the July 1975 rendezvous in Earth orbit of a US astronaut crew with a Soviet cosmonaut crew.

Questions:
Whose technology enabled the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the united States?
Who was able to launch the first orbiting satellite?
Who was the first human in space?
When did Apollo 11 land on the moon?
On what date did the Space Race begin?
Sputnik 1 started orbiting on what date?
Who was the first person in space?
What was the date that the first human reached space?
The Spanish Empire and other Europeans brought horses to the Americas. Some of these animals escaped and began to breed and increase their numbers in the wild. The re-introduction of the horse, extinct in the Americas for over 7500 years, had a profound impact on Native American culture in the Great Plains of North America and of Patagonia in South America. By domesticating horses, some tribes had great success: horses enabled them to expand their territories, exchange more goods with neighboring tribes, and more easily capture game, especially bison.

Questions:
What Empire brought horses to the Americas?
What kind of impact did the re-emergence of horses have on some Native American cultures?
How long had horses been extinct in the Americas prior to their re-introduction?
What did some tribes achieve by domesticating horses?
What enabled some tribes to expand territory, increase trade and capture more game?
The Spanish governor was expelled in 1814. In 1816, Portugal invaded the recently liberated territory and in 1821, it was annexed to the Banda Oriental of Brazil. Juan Antonio Lavalleja and his band called the Treinta y Tres Orientales ("Thirty-Three Orientals") re-established the independence of the region in 1825. Uruguay was consolidated as an independent state in 1828, with Montevideo as the nation's capital. In 1829, the demolition of the city's fortifications began and plans were made for an extension beyond the Ciudad Vieja, referred to as the "Ciudad Nueva" ("new city"). Urban expansion, however, moved very slowly because of the events that followed.

Questions:
What year was the Spanish governor expelled?
What year did Portugal invade the recently liberated territory?
What was Juan Antonio Lavalleja's band caled? 
What year was Uruguay consolidated as an independent state?
The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 42 future U.S. states leaving behind a varying range of Hispanic legacy in the North American continent. Additionally, western regions of the Louisiana Territory were under Spanish rule between 1763 to 1800, after the French and Indian War, further extending the Spanish influence throughout modern-day United States of America.

Questions:
How old is the Spanish language in the United States?
Where in the United States did the Spanish explore?
Were there states ruled by the Spanish?
Did the Spanish conquer land in the United States?
Do the Spanish have a legacy in America from their forefathers?
The Spanish language is the second most spoken language in the United States. There are 45 million Hispanophones who speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States, as well as six million Spanish language students. Together, this makes the United States of America the second largest Hispanophone country in the world after Mexico, and with the United States having more Spanish-speakers than Colombia and Spain (but fewer first language speakers). Spanish is the Romance language and the Indo-European language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. Roughly half of all American Spanish-speakers also speak English "very well," based on their self-assessment in the U.S. Census.

Questions:
How many people speak Spanish as a first or second language in the United States?
How many Hispanics speak English too?
What type of language id Spanish?
What other language is often spoken in the United states?
How many Spanish speaking students are there in the United States?
The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.

Questions:
What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530?
What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos?
On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres?
What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th?
What was the location of Corrales?
Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?
What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530?
What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk?
On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales?
What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?
The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish fleet. The Army performed well in combat in Cuba. However, it was too oriented to small posts in the West and not as well-prepared for an overseas conflict. It relied on volunteers and state militia units, which faced logistical, training and food problems in the staging areas in Florida. The United States freed Cuba (after an occupation by the U.S. Army). By the peace treaty Spain ceded to the United States its colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. The Navy set up coaling stations there and in Hawaii (which voluntarily joined the U.S. in 1898). The U.S. Navy now had a major forward presence across the Pacific and (with the lease of Guantánamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba) a major base in the Caribbean guarding the approaches to the Gulf Coast and the Panama Canal.

Questions:
Where did the American army fight the Spanish in the Spanish American War?
The army in this war was primarily made up of what sort of units?
What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war?
What island territory voluntarily joined the US as a colony in 1898?
What is the name of the naval base the US leased from a newly independent Cuba?
The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. The Assembly of Experts, which meets for one week annually, comprises 86 "virtuous and learned" clerics elected by adult suffrage for eight-year terms. As with the presidential and parliamentary elections, the Guardian Council determines candidates' eligibility. The Assembly elects the Supreme Leader and has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time. It has not challenged any of the Supreme Leader's decisions.

Questions:
When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?
The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?
How often does the Assembly of Experts meet?
The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics?
Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right?
The Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery, located inside the Bhrikutimandap Exhibition grounds, hosts the work of contemporary painters and sculptors, and regularly organizes exhibitions. It also runs morning and evening classes in the schools of art. Also of note is the Moti Azima Gallery, located in a three storied building in Bhimsenthan which contains an impressive collection of traditional utensils and handmade dolls and items typical of a medieval Newar house, giving an important insight into Nepali history. The J Art Gallery is also located in Kathmandu, near the Royal Palace in Durbarmarg, Kathmandu and displays the artwork of eminent, established Nepali painters. The Nepal Art Council Gallery, located in the Babar Mahal, on the way to Tribhuvan International Airport contains artwork of both national and international artists and extensive halls regularly used for art exhibitions.

Questions:
Where can one find the Srijana Contemporary Art Gallery?
The Moti Azima Gallery contains objects that might be found in a Nepalese house of what time period?
What art gallery is located close to the Durbarmarg Royal Palace?
Where can the Nepal Art Council Gallery be found?
In which of Nepal's art galleries can one take an art class?
The Standard Output Sensitivity (SOS) technique, also new in the 2006 version of the standard, effectively specifies that the average level in the sRGB image must be 18% gray plus or minus 1/3 stop when the exposure is controlled by an automatic exposure control system calibrated per ISO 2721 and set to the EI with no exposure compensation. Because the output level is measured in the sRGB output from the camera, it is only applicable to sRGB images—typically JPEG—and not to output files in raw image format. It is not applicable when multi-zone metering is used.

Questions:
What year was the Standard Output Sensitivity technique introduced?
What does the Standard Output Sensitivity technique apply to?
What is the output level measured in?
With what type of metering can the Standard Output Sensitivity not be used?
With what standard is the automatic exposure control system calibrated?
The State Council declared a three-day period of national mourning for the quake victims starting from May 19, 2008; the PRC's National Flag and Regional Flags of Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions flown at half mast. It was the first time that a national mourning period had been declared for something other than the death of a state leader, and many have called it the biggest display of mourning since the death of Mao Zedong. At 14:28 CST on May 19, 2008, a week after the earthquake, the Chinese public held a moment of silence. People stood silent for three minutes while air defense, police and fire sirens, and the horns of vehicles, vessels and trains sounded. Cars and trucks on Beijing's roads also came to a halt. People spontaneously burst into cheering "Zhongguo jiayou!" (Let's go, China!) and "Sichuan jiayou" (Let's go, Sichuan!) afterwards.

Questions:
Who declared the mourning period?
What did the State Council declare a period of?
This was the biggest display of mourning since the death of who?
When did the Chinese hold a moment of silence?
What came to a halt during the moment of silence?
How long was the national mourning for the quake victims to last?
The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.

Questions:
What does the AFE stand for?
What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?
When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?
The State of Israel is divided into six main administrative districts, known as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) – Center, Haifa, Jerusalem, North, Southern, and Tel Aviv Districts, as well as the Judea and Samaria Area in the West Bank. All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and North districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel. Districts are further divided into fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa), which are themselves partitioned into fifty natural regions.

Questions:
The State of Israel is divided into how many administrative districts?
What are these districts known as?
How many sub-districts are there?
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Questions:
What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish?
Was this always the case in American political addresses?
Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?)
If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events?
Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
The Staten Island Ferry is the world's busiest ferry route, carrying approximately 20 million passengers on the 5.2-mile (8.4 km) route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day. Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area.

Questions:
The world's most popular ferry route is which in NYC? 
How many hours a day does the The Staten Island Ferry run?
In kilometers, how long is the Staten Island Ferry route?
Staring in State Island, in what borough does the Staten Island Ferry's route terminate?
How many passengers ride the Staten Island Ferry annually?
The Staten Island Railway rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH train) links Midtown and Lower Manhattan to northeastern New Jersey, primarily Hoboken, Jersey City, and Newark. Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day; meaning three of the six rapid transit systems in the world which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York (the others are a portion of the Chicago 'L', the PATCO Speedline serving Philadelphia, and the Copenhagen Metro).

Questions:
How many 24-hour rapid transit systems are located in New York?
What 24-hour rapid transit system is in Philadelphia?
What 24-hour rapid transit system is outside the United States?
What does the acronym PATH stand for?
The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland.

Questions:
Who was in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC)?
Some shipping expeditions were mostly initiated by which provinces?
The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single language have contributed to this ethnic and national unity, namely after the expulsion of the Moors and Jews. A considerable number of Moors and Jews, nevertheless, stayed in Portugal, under the condition that they converted to Catholicism, and afterwards they were known as Mouriscos (former Muslims) and Cristãos Novos (New Christians or former Jews) some of whom may have continued to observe rabbinic Judaism in secret, as in the case of the secret Jews of Belmonte, who now observe the Jewish faith openly. After 1772 the distinction between Old and New Christians was abolished by decree. Some famous Portuguese New Christians were the mathematician Pedro Nunes and the physician and naturalist Garcia de Orta.

Questions:
What was the Portuguese population in 2011?
What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was female?
What percentage of the Portuguese population in 2011 was male?
What is the dominant religion in Portugal?
What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as?
The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include Castle Clinton National Monument; Federal Hall National Memorial; Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site; General Grant National Memorial ("Grant's Tomb"); African Burial Ground National Monument; and Hamilton Grange National Memorial. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the National Register of Historic Places or as a National Historic Landmark such as, for example, the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village as the catalyst of the modern gay rights movement.

Questions:
What body administers the Ellis Island Immigration Museum?
What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial?
In what neighborhood is the Stonewall Inn located?
What movement is the Stonewall Inn most famously associated with?
The Statue of Liberty is taken care of by what organization?
The Statue of Liberty is also in what other US state?
Ellis Island is considered in New York state and which other?
Which landmark is considered the spark for LGBT rights?
The landmark, General Grant National Memorial, is also called what?
The Sthaviras gave rise to several schools, one of which was the Theravāda school. Originally, these schisms were caused by disputes over vinaya, and monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same monasteries, but eventually, by about 100 CE if not earlier, schisms were being caused by doctrinal disagreements too.

Questions:
Who gave rise to the Theravada school?
Monks following different schools of thought seem to have lived happily together in the same what?
By the latest at around 100 CE, schisms were being caused by what type of desagreements?
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.

Questions:
The Stonewall riots are named after what building?
In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur?
On what date did the Stonewall riots take place?
In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?
What event provoked the Stonewall riots?
Where did the Stonewall riots happen?
The Story of the Kelly Gang, the world's first feature film, was shot in Melbourne in 1906. Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most productive industries. A notable film shot and set in Melbourne during Australia's cinematic lull is On the Beach (1959). The 1970s saw the rise of the Australian New Wave and its Ozploitation offshoot, instigated by Melbourne-based productions Stork and Alvin Purple. Picnic at Hanging Rock and Mad Max, both shot in and around Melbourne, achieved worldwide acclaim. 2004 saw the construction of Melbourne's largest film and television studio complex, Docklands Studios Melbourne, which has hosted many domestic productions, as well as international features. Melbourne is also home to the headquarters of Village Roadshow Pictures, Australia's largest film production company. Famous modern day actors from Melbourne include Cate Blanchett, Rachel Griffiths, Guy Pearce, Geoffrey Rush and Eric Bana.

Questions:
What was the world's first feature film?
In what city was the world's first feature film shot in 1906?
Why were films banned by Victorian politicans in 1912?
What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians?
In what "lull" year was On the Beach filmed?
The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:

Questions:
How much was the investment in new equipment and capabilities worth?
In which year was a £178 billion investment made?
How many primary missions were included in the 2015 Review?
What is the name of the yearly statement released by the MoD?
The Strumica Carnival (Macedonian: Струмички Карневал, translated Strumichki Karneval) has been held since at least 1670, when the Turkish author Evlija Chelebija wrote while staying there, "I came into a town located in the foothills of a high hillock and what I saw that night was masked people running house–to–house, with laughter, scream and song." The Carnival took an organized form in 1991; in 1994, Strumica became a member of FECC and in 1998 hosted the XVIII International Congress of Carnival Cities. The Strumica Carnival opens on a Saturday night at a masked ball where the Prince and Princess are chosen; the main Carnival night is on Tuesday, when masked participants (including groups from abroad) compete in various subjects. As of 2000, the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms has been held as part of Strumica's Carnival celebrations.

Questions:
How long has the Strumica Carnival been going on?
What nationality was Evlija Chelebija?
Who ran from house to house, laughing, screaming, and singing?
What day is the main Carnival Night observed on?
What year was the Festival of Caricatures and Aphorisms added to Strumica's Carnival celebrations?
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt considered the most important centre of the maritime transport in the Middle East, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows ship transport between Europe and Asia without navigation around Africa. The northern terminus is Port Said and the southern terminus is Port Tawfiq at the city of Suez. Ismailia lies on its west bank, 3 km (1.9 mi) from the half-way point.

Questions:
What is consideredt the most important part of maritime transport in middle east?
Is the Suez Canal natural?
What 2 bodies of water does Suez connect?
When was Suez canal completed?
The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government. Within three years this led to the imposition of British and French controllers who sat in the Egyptian cabinet, and, "with the financial power of the bondholders behind them, were the real power in the Government."

Questions:
When was Suez canal completed?
Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal?
In what year did Egypt sell its portion of Suez Canal?
Who sold Egypt's portion of Suez?
To whom did Egypt sell its interest in Suez Canal?
The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading one MP to describe it as "Britain's Waterloo" and another to suggest that the country had become an "American satellite". Margaret Thatcher later described the mindset she believed had befallen the British political establishment as "Suez syndrome", from which Britain did not recover until the successful recapture of the Falkland Islands from Argentina in 1982.

Questions:
Where did 'Britain's Waterloo' occur?
Who referred to 'Suez Syndrome'?
When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?
From whom did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?
A British minister thought which country was becoming an 'American satellite'?
The Suez crisis and the choice of Eden's successor led in 1957 to the first major personal criticism of the Queen. In a magazine, which he owned and edited, Lord Altrincham accused her of being "out of touch". Altrincham was denounced by public figures and slapped by a member of the public appalled by his comments. Six years later, in 1963, Macmillan resigned and advised the Queen to appoint the Earl of Home as prime minister, advice that she followed. The Queen again came under criticism for appointing the prime minister on the advice of a small number of ministers or a single minister. In 1965, the Conservatives adopted a formal mechanism for electing a leader, thus relieving her of involvement.

Questions:
Aside from her choice of Eden's successor, what crisis caused Elizabeth to be criticized?
What did Lord Altrincham accuse Elizabeth of being?
When did Macmillan resign?
Who did Elizabeth appoint as Prime Minister after the resignation of Macmillan?
When was a formal mechanism for electing the Minister adopted?
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven "mother cities": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo.

Questions:
What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?
What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?
Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?
According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?
Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?
The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was developed, which has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions. Classical Sumer ends with the rise of the Akkadian Empire in the 23rd century BC. Following the Gutian period, there is a brief Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC, cut short in the 20th century BC by Semitic Amorite invasions. The Amorite "dynasty of Isin" persisted until c. 1700 BC, when Mesopotamia was united under Babylonian rule. The Sumerians were eventually absorbed into the Akkadian (Assyro-Babylonian) population.

Questions:
During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?
What is obscure until the Early Dynastic III period around the 23rd century BC?
What was developed that has allowed archaeologists to read contemporary records and inscriptions?
When does Classical Sumer end?
What cut short the Sumerian Renaissance in the 21st century BC?
The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian, by contrast, belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. There have been many failed attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups. It is an agglutinative language; in other words, morphemes ("units of meaning") are added together to create words, unlike analytic languages where morphemes are purely added together to create sentences. Some authors have proposed that there may be evidence of a sub-stratum or add-stratum language for geographic features and various crafts and agricultural activities, called variously Proto-Euphratean or Proto Tigrean, but this is disputed by others.

Questions:
Akkadian's language can be traced to the Semitic branch of what languages?
Why is the Sumerian language usually thought of as a language isolate in linguistics?
In Sumerian, what are morphemes added together to create?
What has been the result of attempts to connect Sumerian to other language groups?
What are morphemes?
The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of the Babylonian numerals also date back to this period. The period c. 2700 – 2300 BC saw the first appearance of the abacus, and a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of their sexagesimal number system. The Sumerians were the first to use a place value numeral system. There is also anecdotal evidence the Sumerians may have used a type of slide rule in astronomical calculations. They were the first to find the area of a triangle and the volume of a cube.

Questions:
What did the Sumerians a complex system of around 4000 BC?
From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? 
Where did the Sumerians put their multiplication tables?
When was the abacus first seen between?
What were the Sumerians the first to do when it came to mathematics?
The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows clear uninterrupted cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5300 – 4700 BC C-14) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. The Sumerian people who settled here farmed the lands in this region that were made fertile by silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers.

Questions:
Who were a non-Semitic caucasoid people?
What influences did the Sumerian language seem to retain?
What do archaeological records clearly show about the Sumerian culture?
When were settlements started in southern Mesopotamia?
Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?
The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh when Enkidu was introduced to the food and beer of Gilgamesh's people: "Drink the beer, as is the custom of the land... He drank the beer-seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!"

Questions:
What was Sumerians one of the first societies known to consume?
What was the key ingredient in early Sumerian brews?
What kinds of beer did the Sumerians brew?
How important was beer brewing to Sumerians?
What did Enkidu become and do after consuming seven jugs of beer?
The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail. It had an average daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014. Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of approximately 5.5 million, with approximately 31% of those falling into the ABC1 demographic and 68% in the C2DE demographic. Approximately 41% of readers are women. The Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history, including its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. Regional editions of the newspaper for Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland are published in Glasgow (The Scottish Sun), Belfast (The Sun) and Dublin (The Irish Sun) respectively.

Questions:
Which newspaper overtook The Sun as largest Saturday UK newspaper?
What was the sun's circulation per day in March 2014?
What was the largest demographic for readers of The Sun?
What is the percentage of The Sun readers who are women?
What is one controversial event covered by The Sun?
The Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as "frogs", "krauts" or "hun". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded "le Worm". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline "I'm Big in the Bumdestag" (17 April 2006).

Questions:
Which two nations has The Sun been very antagonistic towards?
What names were used by The Sun to characterize the French and Germans?
What is the paper's stance on the EU?
How was French president Jacques Chirac described by The Sun?
Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?
The Sun remained loyal to Thatcher right up to her resignation in November 1990, despite the party's fall in popularity over the previous year following the introduction of the Poll tax (officially known as the Community Charge). This change to the way local government is funded was vociferously supported by the newspaper, despite widespread opposition, (some from Conservative MPs), which is seen as having contributed to Thatcher's own downfall. The tax was quickly repealed by her successor John Major, whom The Sun initially supported enthusiastically, believing he was a radical Thatcherite – despite the economy having entered recession at this time.

Questions:
When did Margaret Thatcher leave office?
What is another name for the Community Charge?
Who took over for Thatcher?
Who opposed the poll tax?
How did The Sun feel about the Poll tax?
The Sun switched support to the Labour party on 18 March 1997, six weeks before the General Election victory which saw the New Labour leader Tony Blair become Prime Minister with a large parliamentary majority, despite the paper having attacked Blair and New Labour up to a month earlier. Its front page headline read THE SUN BACKS BLAIR and its front page editorial made clear that while it still opposed some New Labour policies, such as the Minimum Wage and Devolution, it believed Blair to be "the breath of fresh air this great country needs". John Major's Conservatives, it said, were "tired, divided and rudderless". Blair, who had radically altered his party's image and policies, noting the influence the paper could have over its readers' political thinking, had courted it (and Murdoch) for some time by granting exclusive interviews and writing columns.

Questions:
Who did The Sun declare political endorsement of in 1997?
Who became Prime Minister in 1997?
Which New Labour policies did The Sun oppose?
How did The Sun describe John Major's Conservatives?
Who greatly changed the image of the Labour party?
The Sun, during the Miners' strike of 1984–85, supported the police and the Thatcher government against the striking NUM miners, and in particular the union's president, Arthur Scargill. On 23 May 1984, The Sun prepared a front page with the headline "Mine Führer" and a photograph of Scargill with his arm in the air, a pose which made him look as though he was giving a Nazi salute. The print workers at The Sun refused to print it. The Sun strongly supported the April 1986 bombing of Libya by the US, which was launched from British bases. Several civilians were killed during the bombing. Their leader was "Right Ron, Right Maggie". That year, Labour MP Clare Short attempted in vain to persuade Parliament to outlaw the pictures on Page Three and gained opprobrium from the newspaper for her stand.

Questions:
Who did The Sun support in the 1984-85 Miners' strike?
Who was president of the Miners' union?
What did a picture of Scargill have him appear to be doing?
How did The Sun feel about the American bombing of Libya in 1986?
Who was Labour M.P. in 1986?
The Sunday Times has a significantly higher circulation than The Times, and sometimes outsells The Sunday Telegraph. As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of 399,339 and The Sunday Times of 885,612.

Questions:
Which newspaper has a significantly higher circulation, The Sunday Times or The Times?
As of January 2013, The Times has a circulation of how many people?
As of January 2013, The Sunday Times has a circulation of how many people?
The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES[b] or SNES[c], and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo[d]) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the Super Famicom (Japanese: スーパーファミコン, Hepburn: Sūpā Famikon?, officially adopting the abbreviated name of its predecessor, the Family Computer), or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (슈퍼 컴보이 Syupeo Keomboi) and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.

Questions:
When was the SNES released in the US?
Where was the SNES first released?
What was the SNES called in Japan?
What was the SNES called in South Korea?
When was the SNES released in Australia?
The Super Slim model of PS3 has received positive reviews. Gaming website Spong praised the new Super Slim's quietness, stating "The most noticeable noise comes when the drive seeks a new area of the disc, such as when starting to load a game, and this occurs infrequently." They added that the fans are quieter than that of Slim, and went on to praise the new smaller, lighter size. Criticism was placed on the new disc loader, stating: "The cover can be moved by hand if you wish, there's also an eject button to do the work for you, but there is no software eject from the triangle button menus in the Xross Media Bar (XMB) interface. In addition, you have to close the cover by hand, which can be a bit fiddly if it's upright, and the PS3 won't start reading a disc unless you do [close the cover]." They also said there is no real drop in retail price.

Questions:
What quality of the PS3 Super Slim was the website Spong excited about?
In addition to quieter fans and drive, what change from the other models did Spong praise?
What piece of the PS3 Super Slim's hardware did Spong say was too "fiddly"?
What did Spong said you have to do to the disc loader before the console will start reading the disc?
The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.

Questions:
Who designed the Supermarine Spitfire?
What area of Southampton did Mitchell hail from?
What color is the plaque that marks the Spitfire designer's house?
In what month of 1940 did bombs destroy the factory that made Mitchell's seaplanes?
Which forces did Southampton supply after D-Day that made it a target for many Luftwaffe air raids?
The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's Executive Board) four ECB representatives and representatives of national supervisors. If the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank (NCB), the representative of the competent authority can be accompanied by a representative from their NCB. In such cases, the representatives are together considered as one member for the purposes of the voting procedure.

Questions:
What does the Supervisory Board discuss at it's meetings?
How long is the term for the Chairman of the Supervisory Board?
How long is the term for Vice-Chair of the Supervisory Board?
Besides the Chair and Vice-Chair, who else is on the Supervisory Board?
What happens if the national supervisory authority designated by a Member State is not a national central bank?
The Supreme Court is the highest court in Ireland. It has authority to interpret the constitution, and strike down laws and activities of the state that it finds to be unconstitutional. It is also the highest authority in the interpretation of the law. Constitutionally it must have authority to interpret the constitution but its further appellate jurisdiction from lower courts is defined by law. The Irish Supreme Court consists of its presiding member, the Chief Justice, and seven other judges. Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in accordance with the binding advice of the Government. The Supreme Court sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.

Questions:
What is the highest ranking court in Ireland?
Ireland's highest court has the power to determine whether laws are allowed by what document?
Who is the highest judge in Ireland's Supreme Court?
Besides chief justice, how many other judges sit on Ireland's Supreme Court?
Where is Ireland's Supreme Court seated?
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is the ultimate court for criminal and civil matters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and for civil matters in Scotland. (The supreme court for criminal matters in Scotland is the High Court of Justiciary.) The Supreme Court was established by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 with effect from 1 October 2009, replacing and assuming the judicial functions of the House of Lords. Devolution issues under the Scotland Act 1998, Government of Wales Act and Northern Ireland Act were also transferred to the new Supreme Court by the Constitutional Reform Act, from the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.

Questions:
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom holds Supremacy in what jurisdictions?
What is the high court in Scotland that has supremacy on criminal matters?
What legislation established the Supremacy of the Supreme Court of the UK?
When did this act go into affect?
What body previously had judicial supremacy in the UK prior to this?
The Supreme Court ruled in the Head Money Cases that "treaties" do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress and can be repealed or modified (for the purposes of U.S. law) by any subsequent Act of Congress, just like with any other regular law. The Supreme Court also ruled in Reid v. Covert that any treaty provision that conflicts with the Constitution are null and void under U.S. law.

Questions:
In what cases did the US Supreme Court rule that treaties do not have a privileged position over Acts of Congress?
The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified by what for the purposes of US law?
What Supreme Court case ruled that a treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is null and void under US law?
The US Supreme Court ruled that treaties can be repealed or modified for the purposes of US law just like what by any subsequent Act of Congress?
Any treaty provision that conflicts with the US Constitution is considered what under US law?
The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on education and Goal 5 on gender equality - and contributes in a variety of ways to achieving many of the rest.

Questions:
Are the Sustainable Development Goals considered ambitious or modest in scope?
The third of the goals concerns what?
What does the fourth goal focus on improving?
What is the topic of the fifth goal?
The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.

Questions:
How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?
How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?
How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?
Which group looks over elections in Swaziland?