the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Caesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, and alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers. This made his person sacrosanct, gave him the power to veto the senate, and allowed him to dominate the Plebeian Council. In 46 BC, Caesar was given censorial powers, which he used to fill the senate with his own partisans. Caesar then raised the membership of the Senate to 900. This robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made it increasingly subservient to him. While the assemblies continued to meet, he submitted all candidates to the assemblies for election, and all bills to the assemblies for enactment. Thus, the assemblies became powerless and were unable to oppose him.

Questions:
In Rome during this time who was considered to hold both the dictatorship and the position of the tribunate?
What power could Caesar use against the senate should he choose?
In what year was Caesar given the power of a censor?
What is considered to have counteracted the prestige of the senatorial aristocracy?
Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. The assassination was led by Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus. Most of the conspirators were senators, who had a variety of economic, political, or personal motivations for carrying out the assassination. Many were afraid that Caesar would soon resurrect the monarchy and declare himself king. Others feared loss of property or prestige as Caesar carried out his land reforms in favor of the landless classes. Virtually all the conspirators fled the city after Caesar's death in fear of retaliation. The civil war that followed destroyed what was left of the Republic.

Questions:
On what date was Caesar killed?
Who comprised most of the members of the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar?
What did some members of the conspiracy believe Caesar would bring back?
Why did many members of the senate flee the city after Caesar's death?
Who did Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus lead the conspiracy against?
Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44 BC.  Mark Antony, Caesar's lieutenant, condemned Caesar's assassination, and war broke out between the two factions. Antony was denounced as a public enemy, and Caesar's adopted son and chosen heir, Gaius Octavianus, was entrusted with the command of the war against him. At the Battle of Mutina Mark Antony was defeated by the consuls Hirtius and Pansa, who were both killed.

Questions:
Who was now considered to be the primary figure in the Roman state?
Which group of people conspired against Caesar in order to have him assassinated?
Which former lieutenant of Caesar was considered a public threat after Caesar was assassinated?
When did Julius Caesar die?
Why did the Roman senators wish to have Caesar assassinated?
Caesars Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the company's casino operating unit in January 2015.

Questions:
How many remaining properties belong to Caesars Entertainment?
What are the names of the three remaining Caesars Entertainment properties?
What type of bankruptcy did Caesars Entertainment file for?
What year did Caesars Entertainment file for bankruptcy?
Which unit of Caesars Entertainment filed for bankruptcy in 2015?
Cairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.

Questions:
According to QS World University Rankings where does Cairo University rank?
According to QS World University Rankings, where does American University in Cairo rank?
According to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University are all ranked where?
What is the aim of new research institutes?
Calculating that no further Russian advance was likely until 1758, Frederick moved the bulk of his eastern forces to Pomerania under the command of Marshal Lehwaldt where they were to repel the Swedish invasion. In short order, the Prussian army drove the Swedes back, occupied most of Swedish Pomerania, and blockaded its capital Stralsund. George II of Great Britain, on the advice of his British ministers, revoked the Convention of Klosterzeven, and Hanover reentered the war. Over the winter the new commander of the Hanoverian forces, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick, regrouped his army and launched a series of offensives that drove the French back across the River Rhine. The British had suffered further defeats in North America, particularly at Fort William Henry. At home, however, stability had been established. Since 1756, successive governments led by Newcastle and Pitt had fallen. In August 1757, the two men agreed to a political partnership and formed a coalition government that gave new, firmer direction to the war effort. The new strategy emphasised both Newcastle's commitment to British involvement on the Continent, particularly in defence of Germany, and William Pitt's determination to use naval power to seize French colonies around the globe. This "dual strategy" would dominate British policy for the next five years.

Questions:
Why did Ferdinand feel comfortable withdrawing troops from the eastern front?
What was the result of Prussian resistance to Sweden?
What area of Sweden was occupied by Prussia?
What favorable developments occurred for Prussia in Hanover?
What political development shaped the policy of the British?
Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the British administration to shift the capital of the British Indian Empire (as it was officially called) from Calcutta to Delhi. Unlike Calcutta, which was located on the eastern coast of India, Delhi was at the centre of northern India and the Government of British India felt that it would be logistically easier to administer India from the latter rather than the former.

Questions:
What city was the capital of India until December 1911?
What is the name of the city formerly known as Calcutta?
What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857?
In the early 1900s, the capital of the British Indian Empire was shifted from Calcutta to what city?
In what part of India is Delhi located?
Caleb Johnson was named the winner of the season, with Jena Irene as the runner-up. Johnson released "As Long as You Love Me" as his coronation single while Irene released "We Are One".

Questions:
Who won season 13 of American Idol?
Who came in second on season 13 of American Idol?
What song did Caleb Johnson first release after winning American Idol? 
What song did Jena Irene release after coming in second on American Idol? 
Who won this season of Idol?
Who was the runner up this season?
What was Johnson's coronation song?
What was Irene's coronation song?
California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the "Donda West Law", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.

Questions:
What famous governor signed legislation in honor of Donda West's death?
What governor passed a law in honor of Donda West?
What was the name of the law passed by Arnold Schwarzenegger?
Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead. However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–79 there were widespread strikes among lorry drivers, railway workers, car workers and local government and hospital workers in favour of higher pay-rises that caused significant disruption to everyday life. These events came to be dubbed the "Winter of Discontent".

Questions:
In what year was Labour shown to have a slight lead?
Who were some of the people striking in 1978-1979?
Why were they striking?
What was this strike called?
Calls are used for a variety of purposes, including mate attraction, evaluation of potential mates, bond formation, the claiming and maintenance of territories, the identification of other individuals (such as when parents look for chicks in colonies or when mates reunite at the start of breeding season), and the warning of other birds of potential predators, sometimes with specific information about the nature of the threat. Some birds also use mechanical sounds for auditory communication. The Coenocorypha snipes of New Zealand drive air through their feathers, woodpeckers drum territorially, and palm cockatoos use tools to drum.

Questions:
What do some birds use for auditory communication?
What do birds use for evaluation of potential mates and mate attraction?
Which birds drum territorially?
Which type of birds use tools to drum?
Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why it was so designated, but several theories have been put forward. One is that as a place of public execution, Calvary may have been strewn with the skulls of abandoned victims (which would be contrary to Jewish burial traditions, but not Roman). Another is that Calvary is named after a nearby cemetery (which is consistent with both of the proposed modern sites). A third is that the name was derived from the physical contour, which would be more consistent with the singular use of the word, i.e., the place of "a skull". While often referred to as "Mount Calvary", it was more likely a small hill or rocky knoll.

Questions:
Where was Jesus Crucified?
Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed?
What was one reason Calvary was chosen?
What is rumored to be found in Calvary?
What is a reason the place was called Calvary?
Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Questions:
Are there studies on Hispanic-American language?
What is Calvin Veltman' study about?
Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans?
Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
What was Calvin Veltman' findings?
Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is, "the way of life, especially the general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time." Terror Management Theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the illusion of being individuals of value in a world meaning—raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo Sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain.

Questions:
 How does the Cambridge English Dictionary define "Culture" in short?
What is the name of this theory that culture is a series of activities and world views?
What did Homo Sapiens acquire that allowed them to become aware of Culture?
Camillo di Cavour, under orders of Victor Emmanuel II of Piedmont-Sardinia, sent an expeditionary corps of 15,000 soldiers, commanded by General Alfonso La Marmora, to side with French and British forces during the war.:111–12 This was an attempt at gaining the favour of the French, especially when the issue of uniting Italy would become an important matter. The deployment of Italian troops to the Crimea, and the gallantry shown by them in the Battle of the Chernaya (16 August 1855) and in the siege of Sevastopol, allowed the Kingdom of Sardinia to be among the participants at the peace conference at the end of the war, where it could address the issue of the Risorgimento to other European powers.

Questions:
Who gave Camillo di Cavour the orders to send soldiers to aid the French and British forces?
Camillo di Cavour sent how many troops to aid the French and British forces?
Who commanded the soldiers sent by Camillo di Cavour?
The Battle of the Chernaya took place in what year?
Where was Victor Emmanuel II from?
Camouflage is an important defense strategy, which involves the use of coloration or shape to blend into the surrounding environment. This sort of protective coloration is common and widespread among beetle families, especially those that feed on wood or vegetation, such as many of the leaf beetles (family Chrysomelidae) or weevils. In some of these species, sculpturing or various colored scales or hairs cause the beetle to resemble bird dung or other inedible objects. Many of those that live in sandy environments blend in with the coloration of the substrate. Most phasmids are known for effectively replicating the forms of sticks and leaves, and the bodies of some species (such as O. macklotti and Palophus centaurus) are covered in mossy or lichenous outgrowths that supplement their disguise. Some species have the ability to change color as their surroundings shift (B. scabrinota, T. californica). In a further behavioral adaptation to supplement crypsis, a number of species have been noted to perform a rocking motion where the body is swayed from side to side that is thought to reflect the movement of leaves or twigs swaying in the breeze. Another method by which stick insects avoid predation and resemble twigs is by feigning death (catalepsy), where the insect enters a motionless state that can be maintained for a long period. The nocturnal feeding habits of adults also aids Phasmatodea in remaining concealed from predators.

Questions:
What is an important defense strategy for insects to survive?
What does coloration and shape help an insect do in the surrounding environment?
Protective coloring is common in what insect family?
What is Chrysomelidae?
A beetle can resemble what kind of dung?
Campus Martius, a reconfiguration of downtown's main intersection as a new park was opened in 2004. The park has been cited as one of the best public spaces in the United States. The city's riverfront has been the focus of redevelopment, following successful examples of other older industrial cities. In 2001, the first portion of the International Riverfront was completed as a part of the city's 300th anniversary celebration, with miles of parks and associated landscaping completed in succeeding years. In 2011, the Port Authority Passenger Terminal opened with the river walk connecting Hart Plaza to the Renaissance Center.

Questions:
In which year was Campus Martius open?
What area has Detroit been trying to redevelop?
In which year did Detroit celebrate it's 300th anniversary?
What opened in 2011?
Which two areas were connected by the Port Authority Passenger Terminal?
Canada allows nonprofits to be incorporated or unincorporated. Nonprofits may incorporate either federally, under Part II of the Canada Business Corporations Act or under provincial legislation. Many of the governing Acts for Canadian nonprofits date to the early 1900s, meaning that nonprofit legislation has not kept pace with legislation that governs for-profit corporations; particularly with regards to corporate governance. Federal, and in some provinces (such as Ontario), incorporation is by way of Letters Patent, and any change to the Letters Patent (even a simple name change) requires formal approval by the appropriate government, as do by-law changes. Other provinces (such as Alberta) permit incorporation as of right, by the filing of Articles of Incorporation or Articles of Association.

Questions:
How are NPOs classified in Canada?
How has Canada's government kept up with the changing forms of NPOs?
How do NPOs change their by-laws, if they had to apply for incorporation by Letters Permit, in Canada?
How does Alberta handle NPOs filing for incorporation?
How is incorporation handled in Ontario?
Canada also permits a variety of charities (including public and private foundations). Charitable status is granted by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) upon application by a nonprofit; charities are allowed to issue income tax receipts to donors, must spend a certain percentage of their assets (including cash, investments and fixed assets) and file annual reports in order to maintain their charitable status. In determining whether an organization can become a charity, CRA applies a common law test to its stated objects and activities. These must be:

Questions:
Who grants a charitable status to an NPO in Canada?
What are donors to receive from a NPO?
How does an NPO keep their charitable status?
How does the Canada Revenue Agency decide who can have a charitable status?
What kinds of assets must the NPO spend in order to keep it's charitable status?
Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded European to see it. However, it wasn't until 1787 that fur trader and explorer Alexander MacKenzie saw the Athabasca oil sands and said, "At about 24 miles from the fork (of the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers) are some bituminous fountains into which a pole of 20 feet long may be inserted without the least resistance."

Questions:
For what  did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material?
Who was the first European trader to see asphalt?
 For what trading company did Kelsey work?
Who was the first European to see the Athabascan oil sands?
What country has the largest deposits of bitumen?
Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Questions:
How many Canadian Forces bases are there in Canada?
Where do Canadian Forces members go for training?
What is the place called where initial training happens?
Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.

Questions:
Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?
When was the Constitution Act passed?
The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?
Canadian bitumen does not differ substantially from oils such as Venezuelan extra-heavy and Mexican heavy oil in chemical composition, and the real difficulty is moving the extremely viscous bitumen through oil pipelines to the refinery. Many modern oil refineries are extremely sophisticated and can process non-upgraded bitumen directly into products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and refined asphalt without any preprocessing. This is particularly common in areas such as the US Gulf coast, where refineries were designed to process Venezuelan and Mexican oil, and in areas such as the US Midwest where refineries were rebuilt to process heavy oil as domestic light oil production declined. Given the choice, such heavy oil refineries usually prefer to buy bitumen rather than synthetic oil because the cost is lower, and in some cases because they prefer to produce more diesel fuel and less gasoline. By 2015 Canadian production and exports of non-upgraded bitumen exceeded that of synthetic crude oil at over 1.3 million barrels (210×10^3 m3) per day, of which about 65% was exported to the United States.

Questions:
What property of bitumen makes it difficult to move through pipelines?
What industry is capable of refining bitumen directly into gasoline without preprocessing?
Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil?
How much Canadian bitumen was exported to the US by 2015?
Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to:

Questions:
What is Canada's defense policy based on?
When was the Canada First Defence Strategy introduced?
How many missions are carried out internally in Canada?
What other location does the Canada First Defence Strategy Cover?
Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules between 1992 and 1995. The move was aborted after three years; the Baltimore Stallions were the most successful of the numerous Americans teams to play in the CFL, winning the 83rd Grey Cup. Continuing financial losses, a lack of proper Canadian football venues, a pervasive belief that the American teams were simply pawns to provide the struggling Canadian teams with expansion fee revenue, and the return of the NFL to Baltimore prompted the end of Canadian football on the American side of the border.

Questions:
Which one country besides Canada has hosted a professional Canadian football game?
In which year did the CFL first attempt an expansion into the United States?
Which American CFL team won the Grey Cup?
The return of an NFL team to which city contributed to the demise of the CFL's American expansion?
How many years did the CFL South Division last?
Canadian football is also played at the high school, junior, collegiate, and semi-professional levels: the Canadian Junior Football League, formed May 8, 1974, and Quebec Junior Football League are leagues for players aged 18–22, many post-secondary institutions compete in Canadian Interuniversity Sport for the Vanier Cup, and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League have grown in popularity in recent years. Great achievements in Canadian football are enshrined in the Canadian Football Hall of Fame.

Questions:
On which date was the Canadian Junior Football League formed?
How old are the players in the Quebec Junior Football League?
What trophy is awarded to the winner of Canadian inter-university football competition?
What institution memorializes great Canadian football achievements?
Cancer is now common in developing countries. According to a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, "In the developing world, cancers of the liver, stomach and esophagus were more common, often linked to consumption of carcinogenic preserved foods, such as smoked or salted food, and parasitic infections that attack organs." Lung cancer rates are rising rapidly in poorer nations because of increased use of tobacco. Developed countries "tended to have cancers linked to affluence or a 'Western lifestyle' — cancers of the colon, rectum, breast and prostate — that can be caused by obesity, lack of exercise, diet and age."

Questions:
Which health issue is now becoming a common issue in developing countries?
Which organization did a study on cancer in developing countries?
What were cancers such as liver cancer or stomach cancer found to have a link to?
The rise of lung cancer in poor nations can be attributed to the use of which product?
Obesity, lack of exercise, age and diet are risk factors attributed to cancer that are all apart of what kind of lifestyle?
Candidates for Freemasonry will have met most active members of the Lodge they are joining before they are initiated. The process varies between jurisdictions, but the candidate will typically have been introduced by a friend at a Lodge social function, or at some form of open evening in the Lodge. In modern times, interested people often track down a local Lodge through the Internet. The onus is on candidates to ask to join; while candidates may be encouraged to ask, they are never invited. Once the initial inquiry is made, an interview usually follows to determine the candidate's suitability. If the candidate decides to proceed from here, the Lodge ballots on the application before he (or she, depending on the Masonic Jurisdiction) can be accepted.

Questions:
How are Freemasons invited to join a lodge?
How does one become a Freemason?
Can women ask to be a member of the Masonic Lodge?
How can you find a lodge to ask to be a member of?
Candidates for Freemasonry must do what before being initiated? 
Candidates are normally introduced to the lodge by whom?
Now days, many interested people find a Masonic Lodge using what?
Candidates are never what to a Masonic lodge?
What usually follows an initial inquiry of a candidate?
Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law.

Questions:
What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church?
In what type of religion are canon laws applicable?
Which institutions make up the Catholic Church?
What body was first responsible for creating canon?
What does canon law consist of?
Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good."

Questions:
What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory?
Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?
What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?
What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?
What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?
Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacitors in this way, to shunt away power line hum before it gets into the signal circuitry. The capacitors act as a local reserve for the DC power source, and bypass AC currents from the power supply. This is used in car audio applications, when a stiffening capacitor compensates for the inductance and resistance of the leads to the lead-acid car battery.

Questions:
Why are capacitors connected in parallel with the power circuits of many devices and large systems?
How do the capacitors connected in parallel act with currents from the power supply?
What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes?
What is another value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes?
What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits?
Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample and hold circuits or timing circuits. The level of absorption depends on many factors, from design considerations to charging time, since the absorption is a time-dependent process. However, the primary factor is the type of dielectric material. Capacitors such as tantalum electrolytic or polysulfone film exhibit very high absorption, while polystyrene or Teflon allow very small levels of absorption. In some capacitors where dangerous voltages and energies exist, such as in flashtubes, television sets, and defibrillators, the dielectric absorption can recharge the capacitor to hazardous voltages after it has been shorted or discharged. Any capacitor containing over 10 joules of energy is generally considered hazardous, while 50 joules or higher is potentially lethal. A capacitor may regain anywhere from 0.01 to 20% of its original charge over a period of several minutes, allowing a seemingly safe capacitor to become surprisingly dangerous.

Questions:
After discharging and disconnecting a capacitor, what causes it to develop a voltage?
What does the process of dielectric absorption in a capacitor depend on?
What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor display? 
What level of dielectric absorption would a Teflon capacitor exhibit?
What amount of energy must a capacitor contain in order to be generally considered dangerous?
Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capacitors used in RF or sustained high-current applications can overheat, especially in the center of the capacitor rolls. Capacitors used within high-energy capacitor banks can violently explode when a short in one capacitor causes sudden dumping of energy stored in the rest of the bank into the failing unit. High voltage vacuum capacitors can generate soft X-rays even during normal operation. Proper containment, fusing, and preventive maintenance can help to minimize these hazards.

Questions:
What could cause the failure of a capacitor?
What can happen to capacitors used in high current applications?
What can happen to capacitors used in high energy capacitor banks?
What type of capacitors can generate soft x-rays?
What is one way to help minimize capacitor dangers?
Capacitors may have their connecting leads arranged in many configurations, for example axially or radially. "Axial" means that the leads are on a common axis, typically the axis of the capacitor's cylindrical body – the leads extend from opposite ends. Radial leads might more accurately be referred to as tandem; they are rarely actually aligned along radii of the body's circle, so the term is inexact, although universal. The leads (until bent) are usually in planes parallel to that of the flat body of the capacitor, and extend in the same direction; they are often parallel as manufactured.

Questions:
What is one type of configuration in which a capacitor may have its connecting leads organized?
What is another type of configuration in which a capacitor may have its connecting leads arranged?
Which type of configuration is often manufactured with the leads parallel to the body of the capacitor?
How are the leads of an axially configured capacitor arranged?
How could radial leads be more correctly described?
Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may contain over 15 joules of energy and be charged to over 300 volts. This is easily capable of delivering a shock. Service procedures for electronic devices usually include instructions to discharge large or high-voltage capacitors, for instance using a Brinkley stick. Capacitors may also have built-in discharge resistors to dissipate stored energy to a safe level within a few seconds after power is removed. High-voltage capacitors are stored with the terminals shorted, as protection from potentially dangerous voltages due to dielectric absorption or from transient voltages the capacitor may pick up from static charges or passing weather events.

Questions:
How much energy could a capacitor in a disposable camera contain?
To what voltage could a capacitor from a disposable camera be charged to?
What device can be used to discharge large voltage capacitors?
How are the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?
What type of charge could a capacitor pick up a transient charge from?
Capacitors, especially ceramic capacitors, and older designs such as paper capacitors, can absorb sound waves resulting in a microphonic effect. Vibration moves the plates, causing the capacitance to vary, in turn inducing AC current. Some dielectrics also generate piezoelectricity. The resulting interference is especially problematic in audio applications, potentially causing feedback or unintended recording. In the reverse microphonic effect, the varying electric field between the capacitor plates exerts a physical force, moving them as a speaker. This can generate audible sound, but drains energy and stresses the dielectric and the electrolyte, if any.

Questions:
What is the effect called when capacitors absorb sound waves?
What value of a capacitor is varied when vibration moves the conducting plates? 
What sort of current is induced when the capacitance of a capacitor is altered?
In what type of applications is piezeoelectricity especially problematic?
What is it called when a changing electric field existing between the conductive plates of a capacitor physically moves them?
Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the organization can hire and retain staff, sustain facilities, create programs, or maintain tax-exempt status. For example, a university that sells research to for-profit companies may have tax exemption problems. In addition, unreliable funding, long hours and low pay can result in employee retention problems. During 2009, the US government acknowledged this critical need by the inclusion of the Nonprofit Capacity Building Program in the Serve America Act. Further efforts to quantify the scope of the sector and propose policy solutions for community benefit were included in the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act, proposed during 2010.

Questions:
What are ways that a charitable foundation receives money for it's cause?
What type of funding do charitable organizations typically rely on?
What are some problems that affect employee retention and volunteers?
What legislation did the US introduce to try and help the NPOs?
When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?
Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).

Questions:
What method did Tennessee use for capital punishment before 1913?
In which year was electrocution introduced as Tennessee's method of execution?
How many inmates has Tennessee executed since 2000?
How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in Tennessee in April 2015?
How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?
Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional manner, on the grounds of cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Supreme Court has never ruled the death penalty to be per se unconstitutional.

Questions:
In what year was the death penalty suspended in the US?
What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?
Who was executed on June 2, 1967?
What amendment to the United States Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment?
In what year was the suspension of the death penalty in the United States ended?
Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually do not expect it to be formal.) In English, capital letters are used as the first letter of a sentence, a proper noun, or a proper adjective. There are a few pairs of words of different meanings whose only difference is capitalisation of the first letter. The names of the days of the week and the names of the months are also capitalised, as are the first-person pronoun "I" and the interjection "O" (although the latter is uncommon in modern usage, with "oh" being preferred). Other words normally start with a lower-case letter. There are, however, situations where further capitalisation may be used to give added emphasis, for example in headings and titles (see below). In some traditional forms of poetry, capitalisation has conventionally been used as a marker to indicate the beginning of a line of verse independent of any grammatical feature.

Questions:
Capitalization in English is universally standardized for which type of writing?
In English the first letter of a sentence is which type of letter?
What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature?
How is the first letter of a first-person pronoun handled mid sentence in English?
The interjection "O" has been replaced by which more common and preferred word in English?
Captain John Byron passed through the islands of Tuvalu in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of the Dolphin (1751). Byron charted the atolls as Lagoon Islands. Keith S. Chambers and Doug Munro (1980) identified Niutao as the island that Francisco Mourelle de la Rúa sailed past on 5 May 1781, thus solving what Europeans had called The Mystery of Gran Cocal. Mourelle's map and journal named the island El Gran Cocal ('The Great Coconut Plantation'); however, the latitude and longitude was uncertain. Longitude could only be reckoned crudely as accurate chronometers were unavailable until the late 18th century.

Questions:
What explorer traveled through the Tuvalu islands in 1764?
What was Captain Byron doing when he visited Tuvalu?
Which island of Tuvalu was identified as the one that Mourelle sailed past in 1781?
How did Byron name the Tuvalu islands?
When were chronometers available for accurate location charting?
Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2

Questions:
Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in 1788?
What do natives of the Marshall Islands call their country?
Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?
Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands?
At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824?
Who notably accompanied John Charles Marshall to the Marshall Islands?
In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands?
What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?
What is the English translation of the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?
On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824?
Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free:

Questions:
What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want?
What had the festival done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made?
It was the first year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what?
What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free?
Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being "under the influence." Stone disclosed in his book "Where's Harry" that most of this "arguing" was staged, and usually a ploy developed by Harry himself to add flavor to the broadcast. The Cubs still have a "guest conductor", usually a celebrity, lead the crowd in singing "Take me out to the ballgame" during the 7th inning stretch to honor Caray's memory.

Questions:
Who did Harry hand-pick himself?
Who did Caray often playfully quarrel with?
Why did Caray often playfully quarrel with Stone?
What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory?
Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types. Typical autotrophic bacteria are phototrophic cyanobacteria, green sulfur-bacteria and some purple bacteria, but also many chemolithotrophic species, such as nitrifying or sulfur-oxidising bacteria. Energy metabolism of bacteria is either based on phototrophy, the use of light through photosynthesis, or based on chemotrophy, the use of chemical substances for energy, which are mostly oxidised at the expense of oxygen or alternative electron acceptors (aerobic/anaerobic respiration).

Questions:
How does heterotrophic carbon metabolism occur?
When carbon metabolism is called autotrophic?
What category do parasitic bacteria fall into?
Green sulfur-bacteria is typical representative of what type of bacteria?
What is chemotrophy ?
Cardigan formed up his unit and charged the length of the Valley of the Balaclava, under fire from Russian batteries in the hills. The charge of the Light Brigade caused 278 casualties of the 700-man unit. The Light Brigade was memorialized in the famous poem by Alfred Lord Tennyson, "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Although traditionally the charge of the Light Brigade was looked upon as a glorious but wasted sacrifice of good men and horses, recent historians say that the charge of the Light Brigade did succeed in at least some of its objectives. The aim of any cavalry charge is to scatter the enemy lines and frighten the enemy off the battlefield. The charge of the Light Brigade had so unnerved the Russian cavalry, which had previously been routed by the Heavy Brigade, that the Russian Cavalry was set to full-scale flight by the subsequent charge of the Light Brigade.:252

Questions:
Who led the charge on the Valley of Balaclava?
Who was Cardigan under fire from when advancing on the Valley of Balaclava?
How many people did Cardigan lose during the Light Brigade?  
Who wrote the famous poem about the Light Brigade? 
What was the name of the poem that memorialized the Light Brigade?
Cardinal Augustin Bea, the head of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, added at the end of the visit, "Let us move forward in Christ. God wants it. Humanity is waiting for it." Unmoved by a harsh condemnation by the Congregation of Faith on mixed marriages precisely at this time of the visit, Paul VI and Ramsey appointed a preparatory commission which was to put the common agenda into practice on such issues as mixed marriages. This resulted in a joint Malta declaration, the first joint agreement on the Creed since the Reformation. Paul VI was a good friend of the Anglican Church, which he described as "our beloved sister Church". This description was unique to Paul and not used by later popes.

Questions:
What did the Cardinal Augustin Bea's Secretariat promote?
What group condemned mixed faith marriages?
To what type of non Catholic denomination was Paul VI considered to be a great ally of?
Which church did Paul VI call "our beloved sister church"?
Who described the Anglican church as "our beloved sister Church"?
Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees.

Questions:
Who are among the most senior members of the Catholic Church?
What is a cardinal bishop?
Some cardinals are bishop in name only, what are they called?