the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
According to Tabatabaei, there are acceptable and unacceptable esoteric interpretations. Acceptable ta'wil refers to the meaning of a verse beyond its literal meaning; rather the implicit meaning, which ultimately is known only to God and can't be comprehended directly through human thought alone. The verses in question here refer to the human qualities of coming, going, sitting, satisfaction, anger and sorrow, which are apparently attributed to God. Unacceptable ta'wil is where one "transfers" the apparent meaning of a verse to a different meaning by means of a proof; this method is not without obvious inconsistencies. Although this unacceptable ta'wil has gained considerable acceptance, it is incorrect and cannot be applied to the Quranic verses. The correct interpretation is that reality a verse refers to. It is found in all verses, the decisive and the ambiguous alike; it is not a sort of a meaning of the word; it is a fact that is too sublime for words. God has dressed them with words to bring them a bit nearer to our minds; in this respect they are like proverbs that are used to create a picture in the mind, and thus help the hearer to clearly grasp the intended idea.

Questions:
What are the two type of ta'wil?
Which type of esoteric interpretation involves a transfer by proof of a verse's meaning?
The implicit meaning of a Quranic verse that is known fully only by God is which type of ta'wil?
According to Taraborrelli, the defining moment of Madonna's childhood was the tragic and untimely death of her beloved mother. Psychiatrist Keith Ablow suggests her mother's death would have had an immeasurable impact on the young Madonna at a time when her personality was still forming. According to Ablow, the younger a child is at the time of a serious loss, the more profound the influence and the longer lasting the impact. He concludes that "some people never reconcile themselves to such a loss at an early age, Madonna is not different than them." Conversely, author Lucy O'Brien feels the impact of the rape she suffered is, in fact, the motivating factor behind everything Madonna has done, more important even than the death of her mother: "It's not so much grief at her mother's death that drives her, as the sense of abandonment that left her unprotected. She encountered her own worst possible scenario, becoming a victim of male violence, and thereafter turned that full-tilt into her work, reversing the equation at every opportunity."

Questions:
According to who was the defining moment of Madonna's childhood with her mother's death?
Which psychiatrist said that when a parent dies when the child is young, it leaves a lasting impact?
Who believes that the rape Madonna experienced is the driving force in life?
According to Thomas DeGregori, an economics professor at the University of Houston, in an article published by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank operating in Washington D.C., "it is clear that technological and economic change are vital ingredients in getting children out of the workplace and into schools. Then they can grow to become productive adults and live longer, healthier lives. However, in poor countries like Bangladesh, working children are essential for survival in many families, as they were in our own heritage until the late 19th century. So, while the struggle to end child labour is necessary, getting there often requires taking different routes—and, sadly, there are many political obstacles.

Questions:
Where is Thomas DeGregori from?
What country does he argue needs child labor to survive?
What are the obstacles he claims are to ending child labor?
According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, commercially valuable gifts which could subsequently be sold. The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming.

Questions:
What was the name of the Tibetologist?
Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to?
When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead?
According to Tilmann Vetter, the core of earliest Buddhism is the practice of dhyāna. Bronkhorst agrees that dhyana was a Buddhist invention, whereas Norman notes that "the Buddha's way to release [...] was by means of meditative practices." Discriminating insight into transiency as a separate path to liberation was a later development.

Questions:
What was the earliest Buddhism type?
Buddha's way to release was by means of what type of practices?
According to Titus 3:10 a divisive person should be warned two times before separating from him. The Greek for the phrase "divisive person" became a technical term in the early Church for a type of "heretic" who promoted dissension. In contrast correct teaching is called sound not only because it builds up in the faith, but because it protects against the corrupting influence of false teachers.

Questions:
How many times is it suggested that you should warn people you are in disagreement with before parting ways?
What term is used to describe an individual in the early Church that introduced discord?
What word is used when speaking of correct teachings in contrast to a false teacher?
According to Tony Sclafani from MSNBC, "It's worth noting that before Madonna, most music mega-stars were guy rockers; after her, almost all would be female singers ... When The Beatles hit America, they changed the paradigm of performer from solo act to band. Madonna changed it back—with an emphasis on the female." Howard Kramer, curatorial director of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, asserted that "Madonna and the career she carved out for herself made possible virtually every other female pop singer to follow ... She certainly raised the standards of all of them ... She redefined what the parameters were for female performers." According to Fouz-Hernández, subsequent female singers such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Kylie Minogue, the Spice Girls, Destiny's Child, Jennifer Lopez, and Pink were like her "daughters in the very direct sense that they grew up listening to and admiring Madonna, and decided they wanted to be like her." Time magazine included her in the list of the "25 Most Powerful Women of the Past Century", where she became one of only two singers to be included, alongside Aretha Franklin. She also topped VH1's lists of "100 Greatest Women in Music" and "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era".

Questions:
Who changed the dynamics of the singers back to mostly female?
Who is the director of the curator of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum?
A lot of modern pop artist grew up listening to whom?
Who included Madonna as the most powerful woman of the century?
Who is the other woman who earned the title?
According to UNFPA these elements promote the right of "reproductive health", that is physical, mental, and social health in matters related to reproduction and the reproductive system.

Questions:
UNFPA lists elements that promote what human right?
These elements concern health related to reproduction and what else?
What is the third element?
According to Vetter, the description of the Buddhist path may initially have been as simple as the term "the middle way". In time, this short description was elaborated, resulting in the description of the eightfold path.

Questions:
A description of the Buddhist path may have been as simplistic as what term?
The description of buddhism was broadened resulting in what path?
According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the rules of proportion were those that governed the idealised human figure, the Golden mean. The most important aspect of beauty was therefore an inherent part of an object, rather than something applied superficially; and was based on universal, recognisable truths. The notion of style in the arts was not developed until the 16th century, with the writing of Vasari: by the 18th century, his Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects had been translated into Italian, French, Spanish and English.

Questions:
When were the styles of arts created?
Who wrote Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects?
By the 18th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?
In Vitruvius's mind, whose responsibility was it to see the principles carried out?
Who wrote De Re Aedificatoria?
What did Leon Battista Alberti consider most important for beauty?
What ideal proportion did Alberti promote?
In what century did "style" as an artistic concept arise?
According to Walter Gratzer, the study of nutrition probably began during the 6th century BC. In China, the concept of Qi developed, a spirit or "wind" similar to what Western Europeans later called pneuma. Food was classified into "hot" (for example, meats, blood, ginger, and hot spices) and "cold" (green vegetables) in China, India, Malaya, and Persia. Humours developed perhaps first in China alongside qi. Ho the Physician concluded that diseases are caused by deficiencies of elements (Wu Xing: fire, water, earth, wood, and metal), and he classified diseases as well as prescribed diets. About the same time in Italy, Alcmaeon of Croton (a Greek) wrote of the importance of equilibrium between what goes in and what goes out, and warned that imbalance would result disease marked by obesity or emaciation.

Questions:
In which time period did the study of nutrition begin?
What is the European equivalent of "Qi"?
What kind of food classification does ginger belong to?
What nationality was Alcmaeon of Croton?
Other than obesity, what else would trademark an imbalance in nutrition?
According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant proportion of the paternal DNA of Ethiopians, Sudanese, Egyptians, Berbers, North African Arabs, as well as many Mediterranean populations. Sanchez et al. (2005) observed the M78 subclade of E1b1b in about 77% of their Somali male samples. According to Cruciani et al. (2007), the presence of this subhaplogroup in the Horn region may represent the traces of an ancient migration from Egypt/Libya. After haplogroup E1b1b, the second most frequently occurring Y-DNA haplogroup among Somalis is the West Asian haplogroup T (M70). It is observed in slightly more than 10% of Somali males. Haplogroup T, like haplogroup E1b1b, is also typically found among populations of Northeast Africa, North Africa, the Near East and the Mediterranean.

Questions:
In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?
What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?
What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?
Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?
What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?
According to a 2001 report from The World Factbook by CIA, about 50% of Nigeria's population is Muslim, 40% are Christians and 10% adhere to local religions. But in some recent report, the Christian population is now sightly larger than the Muslim population. An 18 December 2012 report on religion and public life by the Pew Research Center stated that in 2010, 49.3 percent of Nigeria's population was Christian, 48.8 percent was Muslim, and 1.9 percent were followers of indigenous and other religions, or unaffiliated. Additionally, the 2010s census of Association of Religion Data Archives has reported that 46.5 percent of the total population is Christian, slightly bigger than the Muslim population of 45.5 percent, and that 7.7 percent are members of other religious groups.

Questions:
In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?
In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?
In 2001, what percent of Nigeria's population followed local religions?
According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Muslim?
According to Pew, in 2010, what percent of Nigeria's population was Christian?
According to a 2007 BSA and International Data Corporation (IDC) study, the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy were: 1. Armenia (93%); 2. Bangladesh (92%); 3. Azerbaijan (92%); 4. Moldova (92%); and 5. Zimbabwe (91%). According to the study's results, the five countries with the lowest piracy rates were: 1. U.S. (20%); 2. Luxembourg (21%); 3. New Zealand (22%); 4. Japan (23%); and 5. Austria (25%). The 2007 report showed that the Asia-Pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss, in terms of U.S. dollars, with $14,090,000, followed by the European Union, with a loss of $12,383,000; the lowest amount of U.S. dollars was lost in the Middle East/Africa region, where $2,446,000 was documented.

Questions:
Who did a study in 2007 regarding the five countries with the highest rates of software piracy?
Which country had the lowest rate of software piracy?
Which region had the highest loss?
How much did the EU lose?
Where was the lowest amount of U.S. dollars lost?
According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, if current trends continue.

Questions:
According to one report, how many Christians were in the world in 2010?
How many Christians were in the world in 1910?
If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?
According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060 – and half of all energy needs – with wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity".

Questions:
Which group projected that solar plant may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years?
Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?
Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet how much of the world's energy needs by 2060?
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, 57% of the population of the city identified themselves as Christians, with 25% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 29% professing Roman Catholic beliefs. while 33% claim no religious affiliation. The same study says that other religions (including Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism) collectively make up about 10% of the population.

Questions:
In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Christian?
In 2014, what percentage of the city identified as Protestant?
In 2014, what percent of the City of Boston was Catholic?
In 2014, what percentage of Bostons residents did not claim to belong to any religion?
In 2014, other religions mad eup what percentage of the citys population?
According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-Cary at No. 5 among the 51 largest metro areas in the country where technology is booming. In 2010 North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion, while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled US$2.4bn, while according to another, was in 2012 US$57.8bn. In 2011 the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million. The working population is employed across the major employment sectors. The economy of North Carolina covers 15 metropolitan areas. In 2010, North Carolina was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by Chief Executive Officer Magazine.

Questions:
What is the Nickname given to North Carolina?
Science, Technology, energy, and math industries have risen what percent since 2001?
What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country?
What was North Carolinas gross state product in 2010?
What was North Carolinas state debt in 2012?
According to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because "she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame". To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum. David Lister in The Independent states that Lee's refusal to speak to reporters made them desire to interview her all the more, and her silence "makes Bob Dylan look like a media tart". Despite her discouragement, a rising number of tourists made to Monroeville a destination, hoping to see Lee's inspiration for the book, or Lee herself. Local residents call them "Mockingbird groupies", and although Lee was not reclusive, she refused publicity and interviews with an emphatic "Hell, no!"

Questions:
How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book?
What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town?
According to a demographic analysis reported by Peter Harvey (2013): Mahayana has 360 million adherents; Theravada has 150 million adherents; and Vajrayana has 18,2 million adherents. Seven million additional Buddhists are found outside of Asia.

Questions:
How may adherents does Mahayana have?
How many adherents does Thervada have?
How many Buddists are outside of Asia?
According to a report published in 2014, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel (6.1 million), and 40% in the United States (5.7 million), with most of the remainder living in Europe (1.4 million) and Canada (0.4 million). These numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure. In addition to issues with census methodology, disputes among proponents of halakhic, secular, political, and ancestral identification factors regarding who is a Jew may affect the figure considerably depending on the source.

Questions:
What percentage of Jews reside in Israel?
What percentage of Jews reside in the U.S.?
How many Jews live in Europe?
How many Jews live in Canada?
What is one reason the world population of Jews difficult to determine?
According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

Questions:
What are the first names of the men that invented youtube?
Where did Chen live in 2005?
What was the original stimuli for creating the website?
When did the creators have the idea for youtube?
According to a study by Dr. Paul Brest, Hispanics or "Latinos" include immigrants who are descendants of immigrants from the countries comprising Central and South America. In 1991, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans made up 80% of the Latino population in the United States. Latinos are disadvantaged compared to White Americans and are more likely to live in poverty. They are the least well educated major ethnic group and suffered a 3% drop in high school completion rate while African Americans experienced a 12% increase between 1975-1990. In 1990, they constituted 9% of the population, but only received 3.1% of the bachelors's degrees awarded. At times when it is favorable to lawmakers, Latinos were considered "white" by the Jim Crow laws during the Reconstruction. In other cases, according to Paul Brest, Latinos have been classified as an inferior race and a threat to white purity. Latinos have encountered considerable discrimination in areas such as employment, housing, and education. Brest finds that stereotypes continue to be largely negative and many perceive Latinos as "lazy, unproductive, and on the dole." Furthermore, native-born Latino-Americans and recent immigrants are seen as identical since outsiders tend not to differentiate between Latino groups.

Questions:
Who conducted a study about the origins of "Latinos"?
How much of the Latino population did Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans make up in 1991?
In relation to other major ethnic groups, what is the education level of Latinos?
What was the percentage increase of the high school completion rate for African Americans between 1975 and 1990?
How many of the total bachelor degrees awarded in 1990 went to Latinos?
According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km.

Questions:
On what fault did the earthquake occur?
Where is the Longmenshan fault located?
How long did the rupture last?
How deep was the focus of the earthquake?
Along what fault line did the quake happen?
On which fracture did the quake focus?
When wasmost of the energy released during the initial eruption?
What was the most displacement caused by the earthquake?
According to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of comprehensive schools were awarded better school diplomas at age 35, they held similar occupational positions as working class alumni of the tripartite system and were as unlikely to graduate from college.

Questions:
Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools?
To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni?
According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

Questions:
What year did the construction of the church begin?
Who commissioned the Abbey to be built?
What was the area previously named?
In what century was the church established at the location?
Who was the Bishop in this time frame?
What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?
When was a church first founded at the site?
Who was Mellitus?
When was construction of the present church started?
Who ordered the construction of the church?
According to an October 1998 report by the United States Bureau of Land Management, approximately 65% of Alaska is owned and managed by the U.S. federal government as public lands, including a multitude of national forests, national parks, and national wildlife refuges. Of these, the Bureau of Land Management manages 87 million acres (35 million hectares), or 23.8% of the state. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. It is the world's largest wildlife refuge, comprising 16 million acres (6.5 million hectares).

Questions:
What percentage of Alaska is maintained by the US federal government?
What types of areas are managed by the federal government as public lands?
How many acres is the Bureau of Land Management in charge of?
How much of the state is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management?
What is the world's largest wildlife refuge?
According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most common among Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations in the Horn of Africa. It reaches a frequency peak among ethnic Somalis, representing the majority of their ancestry. The Ethio-Somali component is most closely related to the Maghrebi non-African genetic component, and is believed to have diverged from all other non-African ancestries at least 23,000 years ago. On this basis, the researchers suggest that the original Ethio-Somali carrying population(s) probably arrived in the pre-agricultural period from the Near East, having crossed over into northeastern Africa via the Sinai Peninsula. The population then likely split into two branches, with one group heading westward toward the Maghreb and the other moving south into the Horn.

Questions:
When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?
According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?
According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?
According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?
According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?
According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

Questions:
How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?
What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?
Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?
Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?
What dates back to 36,000 BP?
According to author Michael Carrithers, while there are good reasons to doubt the traditional account, "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death." In writing her biography of the Buddha, Karen Armstrong noted, "It is obviously difficult, therefore, to write a biography of the Buddha that meets modern criteria, because we have very little information that can be considered historically sound... [but] we can be reasonably confident Siddhatta Gotama did indeed exist and that his disciples preserved the memory of his life and teachings as well as they could."[dubious – discuss]

Questions:
Who said "the outline of the life must be true: birth, maturity, renunciation, search, awakening and liberation, teaching, death."?
What are some of the outlines of life?
Who wrote a biography of Buddha?
What do some say is Buddha's real name?
What are the helpers called that helped Buddha?
Who believes "the outline of the life must be true" in reference to Buddha?
Karen Armstrong wrote a biography on who?
Karen Armstrong has said that we can be confident who existed?
According to both Bronkhorst and Anderson, the four truths became a substitution for prajna, or "liberating insight", in the suttas in those texts where "liberating insight" was preceded by the four jhanas. According to Bronkhorst, the four truths may not have been formulated in earliest Buddhism, and did not serve in earliest Buddhism as a description of "liberating insight". Gotama's teachings may have been personal, "adjusted to the need of each person."

Questions:
Authors Bronkhorst and Anderson claim the four truths bacame a substitution for what?
What is prajna called in english?
Gotamas teachings may have been personal and adjusted to the need of each what?
According to both indigenous American and European accounts and documents, American civilizations at the time of European encounter had achieved many accomplishments. For instance, the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200,000. American civilizations also displayed impressive accomplishments in astronomy and mathematics. The domestication of maize or corn required thousands of years of selective breeding.

Questions:
What had the civilizations in the Americas achieved by the time the Europeans encountered them?
What had the Aztec civilization constructed?
How big was the population of the Aztec cit of Tenochtitlan?
Astronomy and mathematics were also accomplishments of which civilizations?
How many years of selective breeding did it take to domesticate maize?
According to conservation of energy, energy can neither be created (produced) nor destroyed by itself. It can only be transformed. The total inflow of energy into a system must equal the total outflow of energy from the system, plus the change in the energy contained within the system. Energy is subject to a strict global conservation law; that is, whenever one measures (or calculates) the total energy of a system of particles whose interactions do not depend explicitly on time, it is found that the total energy of the system always remains constant.

Questions:
According to what, energy can neither be created nor destroyed by itself?
The total inflow of energy into a system must equal what?
What can neither be created nor destroyed by itself; it can only be transformed?
According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa.

Questions:
Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world?
What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia?
Who started the great migration of the Slavs?
Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?
Who were the Germanic tribes fleeing?
According to figures from Britain's Radio Manufacturers Association, 18,999 television sets had been manufactured from 1936 to September 1939, when production was halted by the war.

Questions:
How many TVs were made between 1936 and the start of the war in 1939?
According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 2012, A. L. Arefyev published a new study "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries", in which he confirmed his conclusion about the trend of further weakening of the Russian language in all regions of the world (findings published in 2013 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly"). In the countries of the former Soviet Union the Russian language is gradually being replaced by local languages. Currently the number speakers of Russian language in the world depends on the number of Russians in the world (as the main sources distribution Russian language) and total population Russia (where Russian is an official language).

Questions:
What department is the Research Center for Sociological Research part of?
Who wrote "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries"?
When was "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries" published?
What does Arefyev say is happening to Russian?
According to filings to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) by Thunder Bay Electronics (owner of CBC's Thunder Bay affiliate CKPR-DT) and Bell Media (owner of CBC affiliates CFTK-TV in Terrace and CJDC-TV in Dawson Creek),[citation needed] the CBC informed them that it will not extend its association with any of its private affiliates beyond August 31, 2011. Incidentally, that was also the date for analogue to digital transition in Canada. Given recent practice and the CBC's decision not to convert any retransmitters to digital, even in markets with populations in the hundreds in thousands, it is not expected that the CBC will open new transmitters to replace its affiliates, and indeed may pare back its existing transmitter network. However, in March 2011, CKPR announced that it had come to a programming agreement with the CBC, in which the station will continue to provide CBC programming in Thunder Bay for a period of five years. On March 16, 2012, Astral Media announced the sale of its assets to Bell Media, owners of CTV and CTV Two, for $3.38 billion with CFTK and CJDC included in the acquisition. Whether the stations will remain CBC affiliates or become owned-and-operated stations of CTV or CTV Two following the completion of the merger is undetermined.

Questions:
What was Canada's date for the switch between analog and digital transmission?
What did CBC announce on August 31, 2011?
In March 2011, CBC and CKPR agreed to continue working together for how many additional years?
Who purchased CFTK and CJDC in March 2012?
According to geologist Stefan Schmid, because the Western Alps underwent a metamorphic event in the Cenozoic Era while the Austroalpine peaks underwent an event in the Cretaceous Period, the two areas show distinct differences in nappe formations. Flysch deposits in the Southern Alps of Lombardy probably occurred in the Cretaceous or later.

Questions:
What is Stefan Schmid's profession?
What happened to the Western Alps during the Cenozoic Era
When did the Austroalpine peaks undergo their event?
The Western Alps and the Austroalpine peaks show distinct differences in what?
When did Flysch deposits probably occur in the Southern Alps of Lombardy?
According to heraldic sources 1,600 is a total estimated number of all legal ennoblements throughout the history of Kingdom of Poland and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from the 14th century onward (half of which were performed in the final years of the late 18th century).

Questions:
What was the toalt number of legal ennoblements thoughout history of poland and polish commonwealth
When did theys tart recording the ennoblements?
When were most ennoblements implemented?
According to heraldic sources total number of legal ennoblements issued between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, is estimated at approximately 800. This is an average of only about two ennoblements per year or only 0.000 000 14 – 0.000 001 of historical population. Compare: historical demography of Poland.

Questions:
Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800?
What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century.
What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements?
According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) under the Sunni Hanafi scholar Ismail al-Zahid. Avicenna was taught some extent of philosophy books such as Introduction (Isagoge)'s Porphyry (philosopher), Euclid's Elements, Ptolemy's Almagest by an unpopular philosopher, Abu Abdullah Nateli, who claimed philosophizing.

Questions:
What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 10?
Who did Avicenna learn Indian arithmetic from?
What did Avicenna learn from the Sunni scholar Ismail al-Zahid?
What was one philosophy book that Avicenna was taught from?
What unpopular philosopher's text did Avicenna learn from?
According to historian Shaye J. D. Cohen, the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible. He brings two likely explanations for the change in Mishnaic times: first, the Mishnah may have been applying the same logic to mixed marriages as it had applied to other mixtures (Kil'ayim). Thus, a mixed marriage is forbidden as is the union of a horse and a donkey, and in both unions the offspring are judged matrilineally. Second, the Tannaim may have been influenced by Roman law, which dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother.

Questions:
Who believed the status of the offspring of mixed marriages was determined patrilineally in the Bible?
What dictated that when a parent could not contract a legal marriage, offspring would follow the mother?
What is one explanation for the change in Mishnaic times?
According to most scholars, at some period after the Second Council the Sangha began to break into separate factions.[note 37] The various accounts differ as to when the actual schisms occurred. According to the Dipavamsa of the Pāli tradition, they started immediately after the Second Council, the Puggalavada tradition places it in 137 AN, the Sarvastivada tradition of Vasumitra says it was in the time of Ashoka and the Mahasanghika tradition places it much later, nearly 100 BCE.

Questions:
The Sangha began to break into separte factions after what council?
According to the Dipavamsa they started immediately after what council?
The Mahasanghika places the breakup at what time?
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient houses of dressed stone littered around Somalia are said to date from this period.

Questions:
What ancient land was connected to the modern Somali people?
What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with?
Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?
Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?
According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, where its parent M clade represents the majority of mtDNA lineages. This haplogroup is also thought to possibly correlate with the Afro-Asiatic language family:

Questions:
When did Richards publish his mtDNA research?
Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup?
On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated?
Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005?
What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?
According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist. In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, Lord Esher transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others.

Questions:
How many words a day did Victoria write?
What year did Victoria begin keeping a journal?
How many volumes was Queen Victorias journal?
Who was Victorias youngest daughter?
What did Beatrice do to her mothers diaries after her death?
How many journals did Queen Victoria write in her lifetime?
What did Beatrice do with the journals after she transcribed and edited them? 
Who was appointed as Queen Victoria's literary executor upon her death? 
Who transcribed Queen Victoria's journals from 1832 to 1861? 
What biographer said Queen Victoria wrote an average of 2500 words a day in her journals?
How avid of a writer was the Queen?
How many volumes did her journal span?
What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?
Who was Victoria's literary executer?
What did Beatrice do with the origional volumes of her mother's diaries?
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.

Questions:
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?
What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?
When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?
What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?
According to reciprocity, the efficiency of an antenna used as a receiving antenna is identical to the efficiency as defined above. The power that an antenna will deliver to a receiver (with a proper impedance match) is reduced by the same amount. In some receiving applications, the very inefficient antennas may have little impact on performance. At low frequencies, for example, atmospheric or man-made noise can mask antenna inefficiency. For example, CCIR Rep. 258-3 indicates man-made noise in a residential setting at 40 MHz is about 28 dB above the thermal noise floor. Consequently, an antenna with a 20 dB loss (due to inefficiency) would have little impact on system noise performance. The loss within the antenna will affect the intended signal and the noise/interference identically, leading to no reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Questions:
What is the median level for measuring atmospheric noise?
In what type of programs would low efficiency antennas not make a difference in effectiveness?
At lesser frequencies what can account for incorrect assumptions about efficiency?
What is SNR?
According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these animals to be sold to roadside zoos and private collectors. Additionally, the ESA allows listed species to be shipped across state lines as long as they are not sold. According to Green and the CPI, this allows dealers to "donate" listed species through supposed "breeding loans" to anyone, and in return they can legally receive a reciprocal monetary "donation" from the receiving party. Furthermore, an interview with an endangered species specialist at the US Fish and Wildlife Service revealed that the agency does not have sufficient staff to perform undercover investigations, which would catch these false "donations" and other mislabeled transactions.

Questions:
What is one particular industry that exploits Endangered Species Act loopholes?
What is one particular loophole that aids roadside zoos and private collectors?
What allows exploitation of interstate commerce regulations?
How can fake breeding loans be used to sell wildlife?
Why are there not more arrests from undercover investigations of interstate wildlife commerce?
According to routine testing performed by CNet, write operations to typical Hi-Speed (USB 2.0) hard drives can sustain rates of 25–30 MB/s, while read operations are at 30–42 MB/s; this is 70% of the total available bus bandwidth. For USB 3.0, typical write speed is 70–90 MB/s, while read speed is 90–110 MB/s. Mask Tests, also known as Eye Diagram Tests, are used to determine the quality of a signal in the time domain. They are defined in the referenced document as part of the electrical test description for the high-speed (HS) mode at 480 Mbit/s.

Questions:
Write operations to typical Hi-Speed hard drives can what?
 For USB 3.0, typical write speed is what?
What is the read speed for USB 3.0?
According to some estimates about 20% of the population lives on less than US$1.25 per day. Migration from Tajikistan and the consequent remittances have been unprecedented in their magnitude and economic impact. In 2010, remittances from Tajik labour migrants totaled an estimated $2.1 billion US dollars, an increase from 2009. Tajikistan has achieved transition from a planned to a market economy without substantial and protracted recourse to aid (of which it by now receives only negligible amounts), and by purely market-based means, simply by exporting its main commodity of comparative advantage — cheap labor. The World Bank Tajikistan Policy Note 2006 concludes that remittances have played an important role as one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth during the past several years, have increased incomes, and as a result helped significantly reduce poverty.

Questions:
What is the average amount lived on per day?
What was the total for the remittances from Tajik migrans?
How did Tajikistan change their economy?
What has been one of the drivers of Tajikistan's robust economic growth?