the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Shōen holders had access to manpower and, as they obtained improved military technology (such as new training methods, more powerful bows, armor, horses, and superior swords) and faced worsening local conditions in the ninth century, military service became part of shōen life. Not only the shōen but also civil and religious institutions formed private guard units to protect themselves. Gradually, the provincial upper class was transformed into a new military elite based on the ideals of the bushi (warrior) or samurai (literally, one who serves).

Questions:
Who had increased access to better military technology?
Which institutions also hired private guards for protection?
Which class became a new military elite?
What does the word "bushi" mean?
Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire.

Questions:
During which dynasty did Sichuan regain its political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han?
Who was known as China's greatest poet and lived in Chengdu?
What was Chengu known to supply the country with?
Which years saw the An Lushan Rebellion?
Which empire ravished the Chengdu region with constant warfare and economic distress?
Sichuan consists of two geographically very distinct parts. The eastern part of the province is mostly within the fertile Sichuan basin (which is shared by Sichuan with Chongqing Municipality). The western Sichuan consists of the numerous mountain ranges forming the easternmost part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which are known generically as Hengduan Mountains. One of these ranges, Daxue Mountains, contains the highest point of the province Gongga Shan, at 7,556 metres (24,790 ft) above sea level.

Questions:
How many distinct parts make up Sichuan?
What makes up majority of the eastern Sichuan province?
Western Sichuan is delineated by what mountain range?
Which mountain range contains the highest point in the Gongga Shan province?
How many feet above sea level is the highest point of the Saxue Mountains?
Sichuan has been historically known as the "Province of Abundance". It is one of the major agricultural production bases of China. Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999. Commercial crops include citrus fruits, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, peaches and grapes. Sichuan also had the largest output of pork among all the provinces and the second largest output of silkworm cocoons in 1999. Sichuan is rich in mineral resources. It has more than 132 kinds of proven underground mineral resources including vanadium, titanium, and lithium being the largest in China. The Panxi region alone possesses 13.3% of the reserves of iron, 93% of titanium, 69% of vanadium, and 83% of the cobalt of the whole country. Sichuan also possesses China's largest proven natural gas reserves, the majority of which is transported to more developed eastern regions.

Questions:
What area for the "Province of Abundance" refer to?
What are the major agricultural outputs of Sichuan?
What kind of meat is Sichuan known to produce in abundance?
How much of China's titanium is houses in Sichuan?
What is often done with Sichuan's natural gas reserves?
Sichuan is one of the major industrial centers of China. In addition to heavy industries such as coal, energy, iron and steel, the province has also established a light industrial sector comprising building materials, wood processing, food and silk processing. Chengdu and Mianyang are the production centers for textiles and electronics products. Deyang, Panzhihua, and Yibin are the production centers for machinery, metallurgical industries, and wine, respectively. Sichuan's wine production accounted for 21.9% of the country’s total production in 2000.

Questions:
What are some major industrial outputs of Sichuan?
What areas are major areas of production for textiles and electronics?
How much of China's wine did Sichuan produce in 2000?
Which city in Sichuan is known for its machinery production?
Which city in Sichuan is known for its metallurgical industries?
Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was the third most populous sub-national entity in the world, after Uttar Pradesh, India and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 1991, when the Soviet Union was dissolved. It is also one of the only six to ever reach 100 million people (Uttar Pradesh, Russian RSFSR, Maharashtra, Sichuan, Bihar and Punjab). It is currently 10th.

Questions:
What are the three most populist provinces in China?
What was the population of Sichuan in 1832?
What is the tenth most populous sub-national entity in the world?
How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?
In what year was the Soviet Union disbanded?
Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000. From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was also ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.

Questions:
What year did Sicily become ruled by the Holy Roman Empire?
What happened to Muslims during Holy Roman rule?
What was Palermos population in 1330?
During what years did Austria rule Palermo?
Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.

Questions:
What city does Signal Hill overlook?
Where exactly is Cabot Tower located in St. John' ?
What year was Cabot Tower built?
In what year was Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee?
 Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?
Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-speaking communities. According to the 2011 Census of Ireland, there were 21,639 people in the nation who use Russian as a home language. However, of this only 13% were Russian nationals. 20% held Irish citizenship, while 27% and 14% were holding the passports of Latvia and Lithuania respectively.

Questions:
In which European countries do many Russian immigrants live?
How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens?
How many people in Ireland speak Russian?
How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens?
How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens?
Significant employers in Southampton include The University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, the NHS, ABP and Carnival UK. Southampton is noted for its association with the RMS Titanic, the Spitfire and more generally in the World War II narrative as one of the departure points for D-Day, and more recently as the home port of a number of the largest cruise ships in the world. Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park called WestQuay. In October 2014, the City Council approved a follow-up from the WestQuay park, called WestQuay Watermark. Construction by Sir Robert McAlpine commenced in January 2015. Hammerson, the owners of the retail park, aim to have at least 1,550 people employed on its premises at year-end 2016.

Questions:
What is the big retail shopping center in Southampton called?
In what month of 2014 did Southampton's City Council give the go-ahead for WestQuay Watermark?
What war is Southampton often associated with?
What company owns WestQuay Watermark?
By the end of 2016, how many people are projected to be working onsite at WestQuay Watermark?
Significant legislative changes in the status of the szlachta, as defined by Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, consist of its 1374 exemption from the land tax, a 1425 guarantee against the 'arbitrary arrests and/or seizure of property' of its members, a 1454 requirement that military forces and new taxes be approved by provincial Sejms, and statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 that prescribed the rights of commoners.

Questions:
Who defined the significant legislative changes?
What is one exemption was part of the significant changes in legislation?
What did the 1425 requirement entail? 
What were the statutes issued between 1496 and 1611 prescribed from?
Sikhism is practiced primarily in Gurudwara at Kupundole. An earlier temple of Sikhism is also present in Kathmandu which is now defunct. Jainism is practiced by a small community. A Jain temple is present in Gyaneshwar, where Jains practice their faith. According to the records of the Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of Nepal, there are approximately 300 Baha'is in Kathmandu valley. They have a National Office located in Shantinagar, Baneshwor. The Baha'is also have classes for children at the National Centre and other localities in Kathmandu. Islam is practised in Kathmandu but Muslims are a minority, accounting for about 4.2% of the population of Nepal.[citation needed] It is said that in Kathmandu alone there are 170 Christian churches. Christian missionary hospitals, welfare organizations, and schools are also operating. Nepali citizens who served as soldiers in Indian and British armies, who had converted to Christianity while in service, on return to Nepal continue to practice their religion. They have contributed to the spread of Christianity and the building of churches in Nepal and in Kathmandu, in particular.

Questions:
Where can a temple of the Jain faith be found?
Kathmandu valley is home to about how many Baha'i?
Where is the Baha'i national office located in Nepal?
About what percentage of the Nepali population follows Islam?
About how many Christian houses of worship exist in Kathmandu?
Silicon Alley, centered in Manhattan, has evolved into a metonym for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high technology industries involving the Internet, new media, telecommunications, digital media, software development, biotechnology, game design, financial technology ("fintech"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by its entrepreneurship ecosystem and venture capital investments. In the first half of 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$3.7 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises, most based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region. High technology startup companies and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines, New York's intellectual capital, and its extensive outdoor wireless connectivity. Verizon Communications, headquartered at 140 West Street in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion fiberoptic telecommunications upgrade throughout New York City. As of 2014, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.

Questions:
In what borough is Silicon Alley located?
What is the street address of the headquarters of Verizon Communciations?
How much did Verizon spend on fiber optic upgrades in New York City?
Approximately how many tech sector jobs are in New York City?
The technology sector of work in NYC has how many employees in its service?
Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used as sheet metal and for methods such as deep drawing, roll forming or bending, zinc alloys with titanium and copper are used. Unalloyed zinc is too brittle for these kinds of manufacturing processes.

Questions:
What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys?
What is made with an alloy of 4% aluminium mixed with 96% zinc?
Why are alloys used to make stamping dies rather than metal?
Why isn't unalloyed zinc used in construction applications?
Similar developments have taken place in other alphabets. The lower-case script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the 7th century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the 8th century. Over time, uncial letter forms were increasingly mixed into the script. The earliest dated Greek lower-case text is the Uspenski Gospels (MS 461) in the year 835.[citation needed] The modern practice of capitalising the first letter of every sentence seems to be imported (and is rarely used when printing Ancient Greek materials even today).

Questions:
Which century did the lower-case script for the Greek Alphabet originate?
Which century did the Greek alphabet acquire its quadrilinear form?
Overtime which type of letter forms were mixed increasingly into the Greek language script?
Which year is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?
In which literature is the earliest dated Greek lower-case text?
Similar examples abound. Macedonian, although mutually intelligible with Bulgarian, certain dialects of Serbian and to a lesser extent the rest of the South Slavic dialect continuum, is considered by Bulgarian linguists to be a Bulgarian dialect, in contrast with the contemporary international view and the view in the Republic of Macedonia, which regards it as a language in its own right. Nevertheless, before the establishment of a literary standard of Macedonian in 1944, in most sources in and out of Bulgaria before the Second World War, the southern Slavonic dialect continuum covering the area of today's Republic of Macedonia were referred to as Bulgarian dialects.

Questions:
Along with Serbian, with what language is Macedonian mutually intelligible?
What dialect continuum does Macedonian belong to?
What do Bulgarian linguists regard the Macedonian language as?
In what year was a Macedonian literary standard established?
In what country is Macedonian most commonly spoken?
Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist. One notable exception was the Berlin Society of Anthropology (1869) founded by Rudolph Virchow, known for his vituperative attacks on the evolutionists. Not religious himself, he insisted that Darwin's conclusions lacked empirical foundation.

Questions:
Vienna created it's society in what year?
When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?
When was the American Anthropological Association founded?
When did Madrid get it's own anthropological society?
What did Virchow feel Darwin's conclusions lacked?
Similar to the CD versus LP sound quality debates common in the audiophile community, some videophiles argue that LaserDisc maintains a "smoother", more "film-like", natural image while DVD still looks slightly more artificial. Early DVD demo discs often had compression or encoding problems, lending additional support to such claims at the time. However, the video signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of LaserDisc are substantially less than that of DVDs, making DVDs appear sharper and clearer to most viewers.

Questions:
Which format is considered to look most realistic, LaserDisc or DVD?
Which format, LaserDisc or DVD, is said to appear sharper and clearer to most viewers?
What features do LaserDiscs lack in, causing DVDs to appear sharper and clearer?
Similar to the other Eur-A countries, most Portuguese die from noncommunicable diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is higher than in the eurozone, but its two main components, ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, display inverse trends compared with the Eur-A, with cerebrovascular disease being the single biggest killer in Portugal (17%). Portuguese people die 12% less often from cancer than in the Eur-A, but mortality is not declining as rapidly as in the Eur-A. Cancer is more frequent among children as well as among women younger than 44 years. Although lung cancer (slowly increasing among women) and breast cancer (decreasing rapidly) are scarcer, cancer of the cervix and the prostate are more frequent. Portugal has the highest mortality rate for diabetes in the Eur-A, with a sharp increase since the 1980s.

Questions:
What do most Portuguese people die from?
What are the two main components of cardiovascular disease?
What is the biggest killer in Portugal?
What percentage of Portuguese people die less often from cancer than in the Eur-A?
Who is cancer more common among in Portugal?
Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize the combination of text and images, though there are prominent examples of pantomime comics throughout its history. Other critics, such as Thierry Groensteen and Scott McCloud, have emphasized the primacy of sequences of images. Towards the close of the 20th century, different cultures' discoveries of each other's comics traditions, the rediscovery of forgotten early comics forms, and the rise of new forms made defining comics a more complicated task.

Questions:
What has not been reached as far as defining comics is concerned?
R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are considered to be comic what?
What are there prominent examples of in comic history?
Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be primary?
What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered?
Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes.

Questions:
What has come from similarities in systems?
Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe?
Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students?
Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as a valid representation of human biological diversity, except for forensic anthropologists. He asked, "If races don't exist, why are forensic anthropologists so good at identifying them?" He concluded:

Questions:
What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on?
What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body?
Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid?
What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity?
What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying?
Similarly, in 1996, member countries of the European Union, per Directive 94/33/EC, agreed to a number of exceptions for young people in its child labour laws. Under these rules, children of various ages may work in cultural, artistic, sporting or advertising activities if authorised by the competent authority. Children above the age of 13 may perform light work for a limited number of hours per week in other economic activities as defined at the discretion of each country. Additionally, the European law exception allows children aged 14 years or over to work as part of a work/training scheme. The EU Directive clarified that these exceptions do not allow child labour where the children may experience harmful exposure to dangerous substances. Nonetheless, many children under the age of 13 do work, even in the most developed countries of the EU. For instance, a recent study showed over a third of Dutch twelve-year-old kids had a job, the most common being babysitting.

Questions:
What happened in the European Union in 1996?
What age were children allowed to do light labour?
What age were children able to take part in European training programs?
What is the most common occupation for Dutch youth to have?
Similarly, in the United States, the independent National Research Council has noted that "sufficient domestic renewable resources exist to allow renewable electricity to play a significant role in future electricity generation and thus help confront issues related to climate change, energy security, and the escalation of energy costs … Renewable energy is an attractive option because renewable resources available in the United States, taken collectively, can supply significantly greater amounts of electricity than the total current or projected domestic demand." .

Questions:
Why is renewable energy an attractive option?
In what country is the National Research Council located?
Sufficient domestic reneewable resources exist for what reason?
Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov), and Rossini's William Tell Overture.

Questions:
What does classical music convey in movies and television?
What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?
What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?
Who wrote William Tell Overture?
Who wrote Night on Bald Mountain?
Similarly, the federal constitutional initiative allows citizens to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote, if 100,000 voters sign the proposed amendment within 18 months.[note 8] Parliament can supplement the proposed amendment with a counter-proposal, and then voters must indicate a preference on the ballot in case both proposals are accepted. Constitutional amendments, whether introduced by initiative or in Parliament, must be accepted by a double majority of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular votes.[note 9]

Questions:
How many voters are needed to put a constitutional amendment to a national vote?
How long do citizens have to collect enough votes for a national vote on a constitutional amendment?
What can Parliament supplement the amendment proposed by the citizens with?
What must voters do on the ballot when Parliament adds a supplement?
How much of the national popular vote and the cantonal popular vote is needed to pass a constitutional amendment?
Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extremely smoothly. This mode of operation is often called microstepping. Computer controlled stepper motors are one of the most versatile forms of positioning systems, particularly when part of a digital servo-controlled system.

Questions:
What is a trait of a sophisticated stepper motor?
What does proportinal control of the field windings in a stepper motor achieve?
What is another name for smooth rotation?
With what other device are stepper motors most versatile?
Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to participate, in sequence. There are MCU bridges for IP and ISDN-based videoconferencing. There are MCUs which are pure software, and others which are a combination of hardware and software. An MCU is characterised according to the number of simultaneous calls it can handle, its ability to conduct transposing of data rates and protocols, and features such as Continuous Presence, in which multiple parties can be seen on-screen at once. MCUs can be stand-alone hardware devices, or they can be embedded into dedicated videoconferencing units.

Questions:
What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?
What is one type of MCU bridge?
In what way can an MCU be characterized?
What feature enables an MCU to allow for multiple parties to be seen on screen at the same time?
Where can an MCU be embedded?
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism and [Western] imperialism". Nasser felt that if he was to maintain Egypt's regional leadership position he needed to acquire modern weaponry to arm his military. When it became apparent to him that Western countries would not supply Egypt under acceptable financial and military terms, Nasser turned to the Eastern Bloc and concluded a US$320,000,000 armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia on 27 September. Through the Czechoslovakian arms deal, the balance of power between Egypt and Israel was more or less equalized and Nasser's role as the Arab leader defying the West was enhanced.

Questions:
What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?
What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?
From what country did Nasser buy arms?
How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?
How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?
Simultaneously with these conflicts, bison, a keystone species and the primary protein source that Native people had survived on for centuries were being destroyed. Some estimates say there were over 13 million bison in Montana in 1870. In 1875, General Philip Sheridan pleaded to a joint session of Congress to authorize the slaughtering of herds in order to deprive the Indians of their source of food. By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States.

Questions:
About how many bison were in Montana in 1870?
In 1884 about how many bison remained?
Who pleaded to Congress for slaughtering bison?
What year did General Sheridan approach Congress about killing bison?
Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.

Questions:
Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?
Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?
How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?
Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?
When did royal weddings begin at the church?
Since 1642 (in the 13 colonies, the United States under the Articles of Confederation, and the current United States) an estimated 364 juvenile offenders have been put to death by the states and the federal government. The earliest known execution of a prisoner for crimes committed as a juvenile was Thomas Graunger in 1642. Twenty-two of the executions occurred after 1976, in seven states. Due to the slow process of appeals, it was highly unusual for a condemned person to be under 18 at the time of execution. The youngest person to be executed in the 20th century was George Stinney, who was electrocuted in South Carolina at the age of 14 on June 16, 1944. The last execution of a juvenile may have been Leonard Shockley, who died in the Maryland gas chamber on April 10, 1959, at the age of 17. No one has been under age 19 at time of execution since at least 1964. Since the reinstatement of the death penalty in 1976, 22 people have been executed for crimes committed under the age of 18. Twenty-one were 17 at the time of the crime. The last person to be executed for a crime committed as a juvenile was Scott Hain on April 3, 2003 in Oklahoma.

Questions:
About how many American juveniles have been executed since 1642?
In what year was Thomas Graunger executed?
Since 1976, how many Americans have been executed for crimes committed as juveniles?
How old was George Stinney when he was executed?
What method was used to execute Leonard Shockley?
Since 1718, transportation to the American colonies had been a penalty for various criminal offences in Britain, with approximately one thousand convicts transported per year across the Atlantic. Forced to find an alternative location after the loss of the 13 Colonies in 1783, the British government turned to the newly discovered lands of Australia. The western coast of Australia had been discovered for Europeans by the Dutch explorer Willem Jansz in 1606 and was later named New Holland by the Dutch East India Company, but there was no attempt to colonise it. In 1770 James Cook discovered the eastern coast of Australia while on a scientific voyage to the South Pacific Ocean, claimed the continent for Britain, and named it New South Wales. In 1778, Joseph Banks, Cook's botanist on the voyage, presented evidence to the government on the suitability of Botany Bay for the establishment of a penal settlement, and in 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail, arriving in 1788. Britain continued to transport convicts to New South Wales until 1840. The Australian colonies became profitable exporters of wool and gold, mainly because of gold rushes in the colony of Victoria, making its capital Melbourne the richest city in the world and the largest city after London in the British Empire.

Questions:
How many convicts per year had Britain been sending to the American colonies?
Where did Britain switch to sending their convicts after the loss of the American colonies?
Who discovered Australia in 1606?
What had the Dutch East India Company initially named Australia?
When did the first shipment of British convicts leave for Australia?
Since 1875, with the strengthening of self-rule, the urban and rural districts (Kreise) within each province (sometimes within each governorate) formed a corporation with common tasks and assets (schools, traffic installations, hospitals, cultural institutions, jails etc.) called the Provinzialverband (provincial association). Initially the assemblies of the urban and rural districts elected representatives for the provincial diets (Provinziallandtage), which were thus indirectly elected. As of 1919 the provincial diets (or as to governorate diets, the so-called Kommunallandtage) were directly elected by the citizens of the provinces (or governorates, respectively). These parliaments legislated within the competences transferred to the provincial associations. The provincial diet of East Prussia elected a provincial executive body (government), the provincial committee (Provinzialausschuss), and a head of province, the Landeshauptmann ("Land Captain"; till the 1880s titled Landdirektor, land director).

Questions:
What were common task of the corporation formed by the urban and rural districts?
What was the name of the corporation that looked over common task?
What has since happened from 1919 that involve the provincial diets?
Since 1898, Puerto Rico has had limited representation in the Congress in the form of a Resident Commissioner, a nonvoting delegate. The 110th Congress returned the Commissioner's power to vote in the Committee of the Whole, but not on matters where the vote would represent a decisive participation. Puerto Rico has elections on the United States presidential primary or caucus of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party to select delegates to the respective parties' national conventions although presidential electors are not granted on the Electoral College. As American citizens, Puerto Ricans can vote in U.S. presidential elections, provided they reside in one of the 50 states or the District of Columbia and not in Puerto Rico itself.

Questions:
How long has Puerto Rico had representation in Congress?
Who represents Puerto Rico in Congress?
Which Congress gave the commissioner the power to vote?
What is the commissioner not allowed to vote on?
Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

Questions:
How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?
How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?
What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?
Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?
Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?
How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?
How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?
What do the Duck Stamps serve as?
What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?
Who manages distribution of funds?
Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in NATO during the Cold War, First Gulf War, Kosovo War, and in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, such as the Suez Crisis, Golan Heights, Cyprus, Croatia, Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Libya. Canada maintained an aircraft carrier from 1957 to 1970 during the Cold War, which never saw combat but participated in patrols during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Questions:
How many operations has the Canadian Military been part of since 1947?
How many operations have been completed by the Canadian Military Internationally?
What are some of the wars the Canadian Military was involved in?
What peace keeping effort is the Canadian Military part of?
What type of military vehicle was maintained almost 15 years but never saw any action during the Cuban crisis?
Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator.

Questions:
Cardinal bishops do not have any powers of governnace over the suburibicarian see since when?
Which see doesn't have its own bishop?
Who is in charge of Ostia? 
In what year was it decided that cardinal bishops had no power over the seven sees?
What see is the one exception to this rule?
Who has power over the exception?
Since 1965, following clashes between the two communities, the Turkish Cypriot seats in the House remain vacant. In 1974 Cyprus was divided de facto when the Turkish army occupied the northern third of the island. The Turkish Cypriots subsequently declared independence in 1983 as the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus but were recognised only by Turkey. In 1985 the TRNC adopted a constitution and held its first elections. The United Nations recognises the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire island of Cyprus.

Questions:
Which part of Cyprus was occupied by the Turkish army?
In what years was Cyprus divided?
In 1983, Turkish Cypriots declared what?
What organization recognizes the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus?
Since 1972, International Telecommunication Union's radio telecommunications sector (ITU-R) had been working on creating a global recommendation for Analog HDTV. These recommendations, however, did not fit in the broadcasting bands which could reach home users. The standardization of MPEG-1 in 1993 also led to the acceptance of recommendations ITU-R BT.709. In anticipation of these standards the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) organisation was formed, an alliance of broadcasters, consumer electronics manufacturers and regulatory bodies. The DVB develops and agrees upon specifications which are formally standardised by ETSI.

Questions:
What does ITU-R stand for?
What does DVB stand for?
What is the DVB?
What is the DVB's role?
Who standardizes HDTV specifications?
Since 1973 Plymouth has been supplied water by South West Water. Prior to the 1973 take over it was supplied by Plymouth County Borough Corporation. Before the 19th century two leats were built in order to provide drinking water for the town. They carried water from Dartmoor to Plymouth. A watercourse, known as Plymouth or Drake's Leat, was opened on 24 April 1591 to tap the River Meavy. The Devonport Leat was constructed to carry fresh drinking water to the expanding town of Devonport and its ever growing dockyard. It was fed by three Dartmoor rivers: The West Dart, Cowsic and Blackabrook. It seems to have been carrying water since 1797, but it was officially completed in 1801. It was originally designed to carry water to Devonport town, but has since been shortened and now carries water to Burrator Reservoir, which feeds most of the water supply of Plymouth. Burrator Reservoir is located about 5 miles (8 km) north of the city and was constructed in 1898 and expanded in 1928.

Questions:
When did Plymouth begin receiving water from South West Water?
Who provided Plymouth's water prior to 1973?
When did Drake's Leat open?
From where did Drake's Leat draw water?
When did construction finish on Devonport Leat?
Since 1993, the Sodor and Man Diocesan Synod has had power to enact measures making provision "with respect to any matter concerning the Church of England in the Island". If approved by Tynwald, a measure "shall have the force and effect of an Act of Tynwald upon the Royal Assent thereto being announced to Tynwald". Between 1979 and 1993, the Synod had similar powers, but limited to the extension to the Isle of Man of measures of the General Synod. Before 1994, royal assent was granted by Order in Council, as for a bill, but the power to grant royal assent to measures has now been delegated to the lieutenant governor. A Measure does not require promulgation.

Questions:
Since 1993, which body has had power to enact measures?
This body makes provisions in respect to matters concerning whom?
Up until 1994, royal assent was given by whom?
Which position now has the power to grant royal assent?
Before what year was royal assent approved by Order in Council?
Who currently holds the power to grant royal assent to measures?
During which years did the Synod have power to enact measures?
Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.

Questions:
What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?
When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?
What is the ultimate aim of the Wayback Machine?
Since 2001, Miami has been undergoing a large building boom with more than 50 skyscrapers rising over 400 feet (122 m) built or currently under construction in the city. Miami's skyline is ranked third-most impressive in the U.S., behind New York City and Chicago, and 19th in the world according to the Almanac of Architecture and Design. The city currently has the eight tallest (as well as thirteen of the fourteen tallest) skyscrapers in the state of Florida, with the tallest being the 789-foot (240 m) Four Seasons Hotel & Tower.

Questions:
How many 400+ foot skyscrapers have been built or are in the process of being built in Miami since 2001?
What US cities have more impressive skylines than Miami's?
What is Miami's world rank in terms of how impressive its skyline is?
Of the fourteen tallest skyscrapers in Florida, how many are in Miami?
What is the tallest skyscraper in Florida?
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.

Questions:
When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
Who is the President of Nigeria?
How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?
How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?
Since 2004, through the V&A + RIBA Architecture Partnership, the RIBA and V&A have worked together to promote the understanding and enjoyment of architecture.

Questions:
When did the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects start a formal relationship?
What is the name of the joint venture involving the Victoria and Albert Museum and the Royal Institute of British Architects?
What is the main goal of the V&A + RIBA partnership?
Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civilian nuclear technology into a weapons program. This has led the UN Security Council to impose sanctions against Iran which had further isolated Iran politically and economically from the rest of the global community. In 2009, the US Director of National Intelligence said that Iran, if choosing to, would not be able to develop a nuclear weapon until 2013.

Questions:
Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when?
Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons?  
Who imposed sanctions against Iran as a result of Iran's nuclear program?
When was it estimated by the US Director of National Intelligence that Iran would be able to develop a nuclear weapon?
Since 2005, Notre Dame has been led by John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., the 17th president of the university. Jenkins took over the position from Malloy on July 1, 2005. In his inaugural address, Jenkins described his goals of making the university a leader in research that recognizes ethics and building the connection between faith and studies. During his tenure, Notre Dame has increased its endowment, enlarged its student body, and undergone many construction projects on campus, including Compton Family Ice Arena, a new architecture hall, additional residence halls, and the Campus Crossroads, a $400m enhancement and expansion of Notre Dame Stadium.

Questions:
When did John Jenkins become the president of Notre Dame?
In terms of the amount of presidents Notre Dame has had, where is John Jenkins on the list?
Who was the Notre Dame president that preceded John Jenkins?
Which arena was constructed under Jenkins at Notre Dame?
How much money was spent on enhancing Notre Dame Stadium under John Jenkins?
Since 2005, the USAF has placed a strong focus on the improvement of Basic Military Training (BMT) for enlisted personnel. While the intense training has become longer, it also has shifted to include a deployment phase. This deployment phase, now called the BEAST, places the trainees in a surreal environment that they may experience once they deploy. While the trainees do tackle the massive obstacle courses along with the BEAST, the other portions include defending and protecting their base of operations, forming a structure of leadership, directing search and recovery, and basic self aid buddy care. During this event, the Military Training Instructors (MTI) act as mentors and enemy forces in a deployment exercise.

Questions:
What did the USAF strive to improve since 2005?
What is the deployment phase of BMT called? 
What other training do the US Air force Personnel get during BMT? 
Who acts as a mentor during this deployment phase of the BMT?
Since 2006, $9 billion has been invested in downtown and surrounding neighborhoods; $5.2 billion of that in has come in 2013 and 2014. Construction activity, particularly rehabilitation of historic downtown buildings, has increased markedly. The number of vacant downtown buildings has dropped from nearly 50 to around 13.[when?] Among the most notable redevelopment projects are the Book Cadillac Hotel and the Fort Shelby Hotel; the David Broderick Tower; and the David Whitney Building. Meanwhile, work is underway or set to begin on the historic, vacant Wurlitzer Building and Strathmore Hotel.[citation needed]

Questions:
How much has been invested in Detroit since 2006?
Which hotel is set to be renovated?
How much money has been invested in Detroit in 2013-2014?
How many vacant downtown buildings are there in Detroit?
Since 2009, the Tucson Festival of Books has been held annually over a two-day period in March at the University of Arizona. By 2010 it had become the fourth largest book festival in the United States, with 450 authors and 80,000 attendees. In addition to readings and lectures, it features a science fair, varied entertainment, food, and exhibitors ranging from local retailers and publishers to regional and national nonprofit organizations. In 2011, the Festival began presenting a Founder's Award; recipients include Elmore Leonard and R.L. Stine.

Questions:
When did the Tucson Festival of Books begin?
When is the Tucson Festival of Books held?
How many people came to the Tucson Festival of Books in 2010?
What award did the Tucson Festival of Books give to R. L. Stine?