the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are (primarily) coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and The Bronx is located at the southern tip of New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels. Nearly all of the city's major bridges and tunnels are notable, and several have broken or set records.

Questions:
What island is the borough of Brooklyn located on?
Queens is located on what part of Long Island?
The borough of Staten Island is primarily located on what island?
New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.

Questions:
In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located?
In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located?
New York City is about half the distance between Washington DC and what city?
New York City is adjacent to what ocean?
What river is New York City located on?
New York City is at the base of which American river?
The Hudson River flows into which body of water?
The three islands that make up New York city are named what?
New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history.

Questions:
Who supplies NYC with drinkable water?
From what mountain range does New York's drinking water come from?
How much is being spent on a water purification plant at the Croton Watershed?
After the water purification plant at the Croton Watershed is built, how much more water will be added to the city's supply each day?
What percent increase in water supply will the city see after the Croton Watershed plant is finished?
In what geographical direction would a New Yorker travel to reach the Croton Watershed?
New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population.

Questions:
What was the population of New York City in 2014?
What is the US city with the second largest population?
How many people moved to New York City between April 2010 and July 2014?
Approximately what percentage is New York City's population of the entire state's population?
About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population?
What is the population of NYC as of 2014?
The second largest city in the US is what?
What percentage of people that live in the state of New York live in New York City?
New York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.

Questions:
What was the trading post that preceded New York City called?
What nation founded New Amsterdam?
In what year did New York become the largest city in the United States?
When did the English take over the area from the Dutch?
In what year did New York cease the be the capital of the United States?
When was New York City established?
New Amsterdam became the title of New York City in what past date?
The English occupied New York City beginning on what date?
New York City is the biggest city in the United States since what historical date?
New York City's commuter rail network is the largest in North America. The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines. In Queens, the elevated AirTrain people mover system connects JFK International Airport to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road; a separate AirTrain system is planned alongside the Grand Central Parkway to connect LaGuardia Airport to these transit systems. For intercity rail, New York City is served by Amtrak, whose busiest station by a significant margin is Pennsylvania Station on the West Side of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to Boston, Philadelphia, and Washington, D.C. along the Northeast Corridor, as well as long-distance train service to other North American cities.

Questions:
How many rail lines are there on New York City's commuter rail network?
About how many stations does New York City's commuter rail network have?
The AirTrain has a station at what airport?
What Amtrak station in New York sees the most use?
In what borough is Pennsylvania Station located?
New York City's food culture includes a variety of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. Central European and Italian immigrants originally made the city famous for bagels, cheesecake, and New York-style pizza, while Chinese and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, trattorias, diners, and coffeehouses have become ubiquitous. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as falafel and kebabs popular examples of modern New York street food. The city is also home to nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse haute cuisine restaurants in the world, according to Michelin. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene assigns letter grades to the city's 24,000 restaurants based upon their inspection results.

Questions:
How many restaurants are there in NYC?
How many mobile food vendors operate in New York City?
How many restaurants is New York home to?
What public department inspects the restaurants of New York?
According to Michelin, about how many fine dining restaurants exist in New York?
New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent (US$3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of US$360,700. Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial startup companies.

Questions:
As of 2013, how many people worked for a securities business in New York?
What percentage of New York private sector jobs are in the securities industry?
How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate?
What is the average income in the New York securities industry?
What percentage of the city's wages does the securities industry provide?
22 Percent of NYC's total wages are from what industry?
New York City's public bus fleet is the largest in North America, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal, the main intercity bus terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world.

Questions:
The busiest bus station in the world in the world is called what?
How many buses visit the Port Authority Bus Terminal each day?
How many New Yorkers ride the bus on a daily basis?
What is New York's primary bus terminal?
New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.

Questions:
In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world?
What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?
Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression?
For about how many years did Tammany Hall control New York political life?
In the 1930s, New York City had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history?
New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s. It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, more than any other city other than Charleston, South Carolina. Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banks and shipping tied to the South. Discovery of the African Burying Ground in the 1990s, during construction of a new federal courthouse near Foley Square, revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years.

Questions:
In 1730, what percentage of New York households were slave-holding?
In 1730, what American city had the highest percentage of slaveholders?
Near what square was the African Burial Ground unearthed?
What was being built that resulted in the discovery of the African Burial Ground?
Which city in North America held the most slaves in the 1700s?
When was as African burial ground discovered after the building of new courthouse?
New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.

Questions:
What structure is an example of saltbox architecture?
In what borough is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located?
What building is the priciest office tower in the world?
In what borough is One World Trade Center located?
In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin?
The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what?
New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball". There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore–Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in 1906, St. Louis in 1944, and the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989). The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets, who play at Citi Field in Queens, and the New York Yankees, who play at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. who compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once, and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two Minor League Baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones and Staten Island Yankees.

Questions:
NYC is known as the Capital of which sport?
How many Major League Baseball World Series has NYC teams won?
It is one of only five areas to contain two teams of what sport?
How many minor league baseball teams are there in NYC?
How many World Series have New York teams won?
How many Major League baseball league pennants have New York teams won?
How many professional baseball teams are located in New York?
How many times have two teams from New York played against each other in the World Series?
What is the nickname for a World Series where two New York teams play against each other?
New York is a global hub of international business and commerce. In 2012, New York City topped the first Global Economic Power Index, published by The Atlantic (to be differentiated from a namesake list published by the Martin Prosperity Institute), with cities ranked according to criteria reflecting their presence on similar lists as published by other entities. The city is a major center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, new media as well as traditional media, advertising, legal services, accountancy, insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while Silicon Alley, metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum high technology sphere, continues to expand. The Port of New York and New Jersey is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in the first half of 2014.

Questions:
What is the common name for New York's high technology sector?
Who created the Global Economic Power Index that ranked New York first?
In what year did the Port of New York and New Jersey deal with unprecedented cargo volume?
In what year was New York ranked first on the Global Economic Power Index?
New York is a prominent location for the American entertainment industry, with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there. As of 2012, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals, and generating an estimated $7.1 billion in direct expenditures, and by volume, New York is the world leader in independent film production; one-third of all American independent films are produced in New York City. The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York. In the first five months of 2014 alone, location filming for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013, with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013/2014 cycle.

Questions:
Approximately how many feature films are made in New York City every year?
How many New Yorkers work in the television and film industry?
How much money does the New York film and television industry create every year?
What United States city is the second most popular for pilot episode location filming?
New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming. WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.

Questions:
What is the name of the first public-access TV channel in the country?
In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin?
What is the primary public television station in New York?
What is the largest public radio station in the US by audience size?
In what year did the city cease to own WNYC?
The public-assess TV channel that has been around the longest in the US in what?
When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created?
The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York?
New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry. The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in taxes (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). The city also sends an additional $11 billion more each year to the state of New York than it receives back.

Questions:
Four-fifths of the ZIP codes that provide the highest amount of political contributions in the United States are located in what borough?
What ZIP code was responsible for the greatest amount of contributions in the 2004 presidential election for both candidates?
How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?
How much more money does the city give to the state of New York annually than it receives?
Each year, how much more money does New York City give to the federal government than it gets back?
New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these three airports in 2012, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation. JFK and Newark Liberty were the busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; as of 2011, JFK was the busiest airport for international passengers in North America. Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, Stewart International Airport near Newburgh, New York, by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.

Questions:
The three airports that have the most people come through them in NYC are which?
What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area?
In 2011, what airport did the most international travelers in North America visit?
What city is Stewart International Airport located close to?
How many travelers visited JFK, LaGuardia and Newark Liberty in 2012?
New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, Walk Score named New York City the most walkable large city in the United States. Citibank sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's bike-share project in the summer of 2013. Research conducted by Quinnipiac University showed that a majority of New Yorkers support the initiative. New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city hit an all-time high in 2013.

Questions:
How many daily bicycle riders are there in NYC?
Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?
About what percentage of New York City travel is done by bike or on foot?
What company paid for 10,000 bikes for the city's bicycle sharing program?
Research by what institution of higher learning showed that most New Yorkers support bicycle sharing?
Who ranked New York as the most walkable large US city in 2015?
New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline.

Questions:
How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890?
What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York?
What was the population of people in New York that were not Caucasian in 1890?
New York, Illinois, and California are the most significant states that have not adopted the FRCP. Furthermore, all three states continue to maintain most of their civil procedure laws in the form of codified statutes enacted by the state legislature, as opposed to court rules promulgated by the state supreme court, on the ground that the latter are undemocratic. But certain key portions of their civil procedure laws have been modified by their legislatures to bring them closer to federal civil procedure.

Questions:
Which states have not adopted FRCP?
How do New York, Illinois and California maintain civil procedure laws?
What should New York, Illinois and California be using instead of codified statutes?
New York—often called New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part—is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York metropolitan area, the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States and one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

Questions:
What city in the United States has the highest population?
In what city is the United Nations based?
What city has been called the cultural capital of the world?
What American city welcomes the largest number of legal immigrants?
The major gateway for immigration has been which US city?
The most populated city in the United States is which city?
New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

Questions:
What does New Zealand have?
What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?
Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?
Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?
What do government agencies view the animals as?
What country has a strong hunting culture?
What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?
What is New Zealand made up of?
Game animals were introduced here by whom?
What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?
New Zealand has an annual quota of 75 Tuvaluans granted work permits under the Pacific Access Category, as announced in 2001. The applicants register for the Pacific Access Category (PAC) ballots; the primary criteria is that the principal applicant must have a job offer from a New Zealand employer. Tuvaluans also have access to seasonal employment in the horticulture and viticulture industries in New Zealand under the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) Work Policy introduced in 2007 allowing for employment of up to 5,000 workers from Tuvalu and other Pacific islands. Tuvaluans can participate in the Australian Pacific Seasonal Worker Program, which allows Pacific Islanders to obtain seasonal employment in the Australian agriculture industry, in particular cotton and cane operations; fishing industry, in particular aquaculture; and with accommodation providers in the tourism industry.

Questions:
What is New Zealand's annual quota of Tuvaluan granted work permits?
What must a Tuvaluan have to be considered for a work permit in New Zealand?
How many Pacific islander seasonal workers are permitted?
What is the program that allows season employees work permits?
What program was introduced in 2007 for season workers in New Zealand?
New Zealand polytechnics are established under the Education Act 1989 as amended, and are considered state-owned tertiary institutions along with universities, colleges of education, and wānanga; there is today often much crossover in courses and qualifications offered between all these types of Tertiary Education Institutions. Some have officially taken the title 'institute of technology' which is a term recognized in government strategies equal to that of the term 'polytechnic'. One has opted for the name 'Universal College of Learning' (UCOL), and another 'Unitec New Zealand'. These are legal names but not recognized terms like 'polytechnic' or 'institute of technology'. Many if not all now grant at least bachelor-level degrees.

Questions:
What country considers their polytechnics, universities, and colleges state-owned institutions?
What does UCOL stand for?
In what year was the Education Act originally passed in New Zealand?
New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s.

Questions:
Who first suggested daylight saving?
From what country did George Hudson hail?
In what year was modern daylight saving first proposed?
Besides Austria-Hungary, what country first put DST into effect?
New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which continue to be used and taught in schools in China and Taiwan. In Japan, in the Meiji era (specifically, late 19th century), new characters were coined for some (but not all) SI units, such as 粁 (米 "meter" + 千 "thousand, kilo-") for kilometer. These kokuji (Japanese-coinages) have found use in China as well – see Chinese characters for SI units for details.

Questions:
What can be coined at any time?
What may not be adopted?
What are also known as Japanese-coinages?
New chemical glass compositions or new treatment techniques can be initially investigated in small-scale laboratory experiments. The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority. In the laboratory mostly pure chemicals are used. Care must be taken that the raw materials have not reacted with moisture or other chemicals in the environment (such as alkali or alkaline earth metal oxides and hydroxides, or boron oxide), or that the impurities are quantified (loss on ignition). Evaporation losses during glass melting should be considered during the selection of the raw materials, e.g., sodium selenite may be preferred over easily evaporating SeO2. Also, more readily reacting raw materials may be preferred over relatively inert ones, such as Al(OH)3 over Al2O3. Usually, the melts are carried out in platinum crucibles to reduce contamination from the crucible material. Glass homogeneity is achieved by homogenizing the raw materials mixture (glass batch), by stirring the melt, and by crushing and re-melting the first melt. The obtained glass is usually annealed to prevent breakage during processing.

Questions:
What material is useful in glassmaking because of its slow evaporation?
What containers are used for melting?
Why are different materials used in a lab than are used in factory production?
What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again?
Why is glass annealed?
New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.

Questions:
Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?
What document regulates Antarctica's status?
What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?
How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?
What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?
New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin.

Questions:
What two things were mentioned as contributing to bringing younger Jews together in North American cities?
What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework?
Which new trend has been associated with the Jewish Renewal movement?
New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.

Questions:
What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world?
In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components?
Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?
What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?
New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versions of Windows (known as Windows To Go). Windows 8 also adds native support for USB 3.0 devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices, and hard disk 4KB Advanced Format support, as well as support for near field communication to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.

Questions:
What happens during Hybrid Boot mode?
What are the benefits of USB 3.0?
What is the point of near field communications?
What is Windows to Go?
What features were added to the lock screen?
New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives. Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise. Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011.

Questions:
What helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than other sectors?
What suggests that the commercialization of clean energy will hellp countries deal with economic malaise?
Which company became invovled in a political controversy?
What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?
New or "virgin" heavy/heavyweight (180–220 g) vinyl is commonly used for modern audiophile vinyl releases in all genres. Many collectors prefer to have heavyweight vinyl albums, which have been reported to have better sound than normal vinyl because of their higher tolerance against deformation caused by normal play. 180 g vinyl is more expensive to produce only because it uses more vinyl. Manufacturing processes are identical regardless of weight. In fact, pressing lightweight records requires more care. An exception is the propensity of 200 g pressings to be slightly more prone to non-fill, when the vinyl biscuit does not sufficiently fill a deep groove during pressing (percussion or vocal amplitude changes are the usual locations of these artifacts). This flaw causes a grinding or scratching sound at the non-fill point.

Questions:
What is the most used material for modern audiophile vinyl releases?
What is the material preference of collectors?
How does the manufacturing process differ between heavyweight and normal vinyl?
Would would a non filled area in a vinyl press cause when listening to a record?
Which pressing of vinyl require more attention to detail, lightweight or heavyweight?
New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (PINs and picture passwords), the addition of antivirus capabilities to Windows Defender (bringing it in parity with Microsoft Security Essentials). SmartScreen filtering integrated into Windows, Family Safety offers Parental controls, which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls. Windows 8 also provides integrated system recovery through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions, including system recovery from USB drive. Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company.

Questions:
What new security features did Windows 8 provide?
What were the new security features in Windows 8 geared at?
What options do Parental controls provide?
What new recovery options did Windows 8 implement?
When was the first Windows 8 patch sent out?
New sequencing technologies, such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, as pioneered by Manteia Predictive Medicine. A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA.

Questions:
What is a recent development in sequencing methods?
Which company has led the way in sequencing of individual genetic makeup?
Whose complete genetic information was recorded in 2007?
What is Watson famous for helping discover?
Newly electrified lines often show a "sparks effect", whereby electrification in passenger rail systems leads to significant jumps in patronage / revenue. The reasons may include electric trains being seen as more modern and attractive to ride, faster and smoother service, and the fact that electrification often goes hand in hand with a general infrastructure and rolling stock overhaul / replacement, which leads to better service quality (in a way that theoretically could also be achieved by doing similar upgrades yet without electrification). Whatever the causes of the sparks effect, it is well established for numerous routes that have electrified over decades.

Questions:
What can be seen in the newly electrified lines?
What can electrification of modern trains effect? 
How can better service quality be achieved?
News of this arrived in Europe, where Britain and France unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate a solution. The two nations eventually dispatched regular troops to North America to enforce their claims. The first British action was the assault on Acadia on 16 June 1755 in the Battle of Fort Beauséjour, which was immediately followed by their expulsion of the Acadians. In July British Major General Edward Braddock led about 2,000 army troops and provincial militia on an expedition to retake Fort Duquesne, but the expedition ended in disastrous defeat. In further action, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide on 8 June 1755, capturing it and two troop ships. In September 1755, French and British troops met in the inconclusive Battle of Lake George.

Questions:
Which country dispatched regular troops to North America?
What was the result of the British attack on Ft Duquesne?
Who led the British assault on Ft. Duquesne?
What was the result of the naval encounter between Britain and France?
Who won the Battle of Lake George?
News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: "the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not designed, so to speak." Swaminathan Krishnan further added: "There are very strong building codes in China, which take care of earthquake issues and seismic design issues. But many of these buildings presumably were quite old and probably were not built with any regulations overseeing them."

Questions:
What areas were the hardest hit?
Who was an assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology?
What part of China did the earthquake occur in?
What did Swaminathan Krishnan mean when he said the buildings were just built?
What manner of building codes are there in China?
What were many of these old buildings built without?
Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the Port of New York and New Jersey, it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country, containing years of discarded toxins, an estimated 30 million US gallons (110,000 m3) of spilled oil, including the Greenpoint oil spill, raw sewage from New York City's sewer system, and other accumulation.

Questions:
How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?
How many cubic meters of oil is supposed to be in Newtown Creek?
What notable accidental fossil fuel discharge occurred at Newtown Creek?
Next to sound shifts, there are ample examples of suffix differences. Often simple suffix shifts (like switching between -the, -ske, -ke, -je, ...), sometimes the suffixes even depend on quite specific grammar rules for a certain dialect. Again taking West Flemish as an example. In that language, the words "ja" (yes) and "nee" (no) are also conjugated to the (often implicit) subject of the sentence. These separate grammar rules are a lot more difficult to imitate correctly than simple sound shifts, making it easy to recognise people who didn't grow up in a certain region, even decades after they moved.

Questions:
What's the West Flemish word for "no"?
How would you tell a West Flemish speaker "yes"?
What piece of a sentence does West Flemish match the case of a "yes" or "no" to?
Would linguistic differences make it difficult or easy to point out someone who moved from a different region of the Netherlands?
Which is easier for a non-native speaker to imitate: grammar rules or sound shifts?
Next, Spielberg teamed with Star Wars creator and friend George Lucas on an action adventure film, Raiders of the Lost Ark, the first of the Indiana Jones films. The archaeologist and adventurer hero Indiana Jones was played by Harrison Ford (whom Lucas had previously cast in his Star Wars films as Han Solo). The film was considered an homage to the cliffhanger serials of the Golden Age of Hollywood. It became the biggest film at the box office in 1981, and the recipient of numerous Oscar nominations including Best Director (Spielberg's second nomination) and Best Picture (the second Spielberg film to be nominated for Best Picture). Raiders is still considered a landmark example of the action-adventure genre. The film also led to Ford's casting in Ridley Scott's Blade Runner.

Questions:
Who was responsible for Star Wars?
Who played Indiana Jones?
Who played Han Solo?
What was the first Indiana Jones movie?
When did the first Indiana Jones movie come out?
Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music". The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts. Artists sought to refuse the common distinction between high and low culture and returned to the art school tradition found in the work of artists such as Captain Beefheart and David Bowie. Among major influences on a variety of post-punk artists were writers such as William S. Burroughs and J.G. Ballard, avant-garde political scenes such as Situationism and Dada, and intellectual movements such as postmodernism. Many artists viewed their work in explicitly political terms. Additionally, in some locations, the creation of post-punk music was closely linked to the development of efficacious subcultures, which played important roles in the production of art, multimedia performances, fanzines and independent labels related to the music. Many post-punk artists maintained an anti-corporatist approach to recording and instead seized on alternate means of producing and releasing music. Journalists also became an important element of the culture, and popular music magazines and critics became immersed in the movement.

Questions:
How did Nicholas Lezard describe post-punk?
Which artists were influential in post-punk?
Which writers helped to influence the post-punk movement?
What was an intellectual focus of post-punk?
How did the post-punk movement feel about big business?
What was Nicholas Lezard's description of post-punk?
Where did post-punk ram its appropriation of ideas into?
What tradition could be found in works by Captain Beefheart and David Bowie?
What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists?
Why did many post-punk artists produce and release their own music?
Nicholas began courting Britain by means of conversations with the British ambassador, George Hamilton Seymour, in January and February 1853.:105 Nicholas insisted that he no longer wished to expand Imperial Russia:105 but that he had an obligation to the Christian communities in the Ottoman Empire.:105  The Tsar next dispatched a highly abrasive diplomat, Prince Menshikov, on a special mission to the Ottoman Sublime Porte in February 1853. By previous treaties, the sultan was committed "to protect the (Eastern Orthodox) Christian religion and its churches." Menshikov demanded a Russian protectorate over all 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire, with control of the Orthodox Church's hierarchy. A compromise was reached regarding Orthodox access to the Holy Land, but the Sultan, strongly supported by the British ambassador, rejected the more sweeping demands.

Questions:
Who was the British ambassador in 1853?
Who declared they no longer wanted to spread Imperial Russian?
Who did the Tsar send on a mission to Ottoman Sublime Porte?
In what year was Prince Menshikov sent to the Ottoman Sublime Porte?
Who wanted to ruled over the 12 million Orthodox Christians in the Empire?
Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war.

Questions:
In what year did the Hungarian revolution take place?
Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome?
Who did Austria feel threatened by?
Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities?
Why did the U.K and France get involved with the war against the Russia?
Nick Fradiani won the season, defeating Clark Beckham. By winning, Fradiani became the first winner from the Northeast region. Fradiani released "Beautiful Life" as his coronation single while Beckham released "Champion". Jax, the third place finalist, also released a single called "Forcefield".

Questions:
Who won American Idols fourteenth season?
Who came in second on American Idol in season 14?
Who came in third on American Idol in season 14?
What was the name of Nick Fradianis victory song?
What song did Jax release after coming in third on American Idol?
Who won this season of Idol?
Who was the runner up of Idol?
What was Nick's coronation song?
What was Beckham's first release?
Which contestant came in third place?
Nicknamed "The Walking City", Boston hosts more pedestrian commuters than do other comparably populated cities. Owing to factors such as the compactness of the city and large student population, 13 percent of the population commutes by foot, making it the highest percentage of pedestrian commuters in the country out of the major American cities. In 2011, Walk Score ranked Boston the third most walkable city in the United States. As of 2015[update], Walk Score still ranks Boston as the third most walkable US city, with a Walk Score of 80, a Transit Score of 75, and a Bike Score of 70.

Questions:
What is Bostons nickname?
What type of commuters does Have than any other largely populated city?
What percent of Boston's population commutes by walking?
What year did walkscore rank Boston the third most walkable city in the US?
What was the walk score given to Boston?
Niedersächsische Technische Hochschule is a joint-venture of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig and University of Hanover. Some universities in Germany can also be seen as institutes of technology due to comprising a wide spread of technical sciences and having a history as a technical university. Examples are

Questions:
What's the joint project of TU Clausthal, TU Braunschweig, and the University of Hanover called?