the-coorporation/the_squad_qg huggingface dataset:
Sociocultural anthropology draws together the principle axes of cultural anthropology and social anthropology. Cultural anthropology is the comparative study of the manifold ways in which people make sense of the world around them, while social anthropology is the study of the relationships among persons and groups. Cultural anthropology is more related to philosophy, literature and the arts (how one's culture affects experience for self and group, contributing to more complete understanding of the people's knowledge, customs, and institutions), while social anthropology is more related to sociology and history. in that it helps develop understanding of social structures, typically of others and other populations (such as minorities, subgroups, dissidents, etc.). There is no hard-and-fast distinction between them, and these categories overlap to a considerable degree.

Questions:
What draws together the axes of cultural and social anthropology?
Which type of anthropology studies relationships among persons and groups?
What does social anthropology help develop an understanding of?
What kind of distinction is lacking between social and cultural anthropology?
What studies the way people make sense of the world around them?
Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

Questions:
What has sociocultural anthropology been heavily influenced by?
When was there an epistemological shift away from positivist traditions in anthropology?
What questions came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology?
What two fields remained largely positivist? 
What have the four sub-fields of anthropology lacked over the last several decades?
Socioeconomic factors, in combination with early but enduring views of race, have led to considerable suffering within disadvantaged racial groups. Racial discrimination often coincides with racist mindsets, whereby the individuals and ideologies of one group come to perceive the members of an outgroup as both racially defined and morally inferior. As a result, racial groups possessing relatively little power often find themselves excluded or oppressed, while hegemonic individuals and institutions are charged with holding racist attitudes. Racism has led to many instances of tragedy, including slavery and genocide.

Questions:
Socioeconomic factors and enduring views on race has led to what for certain racial groups?
What is discrimination often paired with?
What do members of one group typically perceive the moral standing of outgroups as?
What do groups with less power often find themselves?
What has led to many tragic instances of events like slavery and genocide?
Sociological attention to emotion has varied over time. Emilé Durkheim (1915/1965) wrote about the collective effervescence or emotional energy that was experienced by members of totemic rituals in Australian aborigine society. He explained how the heightened state of emotional energy achieved during totemic rituals transported individuals above themselves giving them the sense that they were in the presence of a higher power, a force, that was embedded in the sacred objects that were worshipped. These feelings of exaltation, he argued, ultimately lead people to believe that there were forces that governed sacred objects.

Questions:
Who discussed the idea of a collective effervescence?
What society was studied to describe the notion of collective effervescence?
Durkheim saw collective effervescence in what Australian aboriginal activity?
What is another term for collective effervescence?
Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Other characteristics of the classification include likelihood of friction with secular authorities, reluctance to co-operate with other religious organizations, a high rate of membership turnover, a low rate of doctrinal change, and strict uniformity of beliefs among members. Beckford identified the religion's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments).

Questions:
What is the profession of James A. Beckford?
When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?
What did Beckford classify the Jehovah's Witnesses organizational structure as being?
What is the conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth?
What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?
Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as "part of the power structure rather than subject to it." Sociologist Andrew Holden states that most members who join millenarian movements such as Jehovah's Witnesses have made an informed choice. However, he also states that defectors "are seldom allowed a dignified exit", and describes the administration as autocratic.

Questions:
What profession did Rodney Stark grow up to become?
What statement does Stark make about the leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses?
How do Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves in regards to the power structure of the church?
Another Sociologist, Andrew Holden, feels anyone who joins a movement such as the Jehovah's Witnesses has made a what?
Holden acknowledges that defectors are seldom allowed a what from the church?
Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others cite the end of the crack epidemic and demographic changes, including from immigration. Another theory is that widespread exposure to lead pollution from automobile exhaust, which can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels, incited the initial crime wave in the mid-20th century, most acutely affecting heavily trafficked cities like New York. A strong correlation was found demonstrating that violent crime rates in New York and other big cities began to fall after lead was removed from American gasoline in the 1970s. Another theory cited to explain New York City's falling homicide rate is the inverse correlation between the number of murders and the increasingly wetter climate in the city.

Questions:
Being exposed to what type of pollution has been theorized to increase aggression?
The decrease in crime in New York is sometimes attributed to the decline of what street drug?
Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day

Questions:
During what period was adult contemporary its most commercially successful?
What artist released the best selling album of the 1970s?
In what year was the best selling album of the 1970s released?
What radio stationed owned by NBC played only soft rock?
Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division?
Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combinatorial test design methods to build structured variation into their test cases. Note that "coverage", as used here, is referring to combinatorial coverage, not requirements coverage.

Questions:
Although software developers are unable to test everything, what do they run to keep the testing to a minimum? 
What does the use of combinatorial testing consist of?
What two types of testing are involved with combinatorial testing as mentioned here?
Software faults occur through the following processes. A programmer makes an error (mistake), which results in a defect (fault, bug) in the software source code. If this defect is executed, in certain situations the system will produce wrong results, causing a failure. Not all defects will necessarily result in failures. For example, defects in dead code will never result in failures. A defect can turn into a failure when the environment is changed. Examples of these changes in environment include the software being run on a new computer hardware platform, alterations in source data, or interacting with different software. A single defect may result in a wide range of failure symptoms.

Questions:
What is the first step that leads to a software failure?
What is the result of the programmer making a mistake?
When can software defects in dead code cause problems?
Software refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called "firmware".

Questions:
Parts of a computer that are not material objects are collectively known as what?
Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?
What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?
Software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.:347 In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and change the software engineering process itself to reduce the number of faults that end up in the delivered software: the so-called "defect rate". What constitutes an "acceptable defect rate" depends on the nature of the software; A flight simulator video game would have much higher defect tolerance than software for an actual airplane. Although there are close links with SQA, testing departments often exist independently, and there may be no SQA function in some companies.[citation needed]

Questions:
What makes up part of the SQA?
What is the primary concern for the software specialist and auditors?
What type of software would have a better defect tolerance?
Solar chemical processes use solar energy to drive chemical reactions. These processes offset energy that would otherwise come from a fossil fuel source and can also convert solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. Solar induced chemical reactions can be divided into thermochemical or photochemical. A variety of fuels can be produced by artificial photosynthesis. The multielectron catalytic chemistry involved in making carbon-based fuels (such as methanol) from reduction of carbon dioxide is challenging; a feasible alternative is hydrogen production from protons, though use of water as the source of electrons (as plants do) requires mastering the multielectron oxidation of two water molecules to molecular oxygen. Some have envisaged working solar fuel plants in coastal metropolitan areas by 2050 –  the splitting of sea water providing hydrogen to be run through adjacent fuel-cell electric power plants and the pure water by-product going directly into the municipal water system. Another vision involves all human structures covering the earth's surface (i.e., roads, vehicles and buildings) doing photosynthesis more efficiently than plants.

Questions:
What is a possible alternative to making carbon-based fuels from reduction of carbon dioxide?
What process converts solar energy into storable and transportable fuels?
What solar process can be used to produce different fuels?
Solar concentrating technologies such as parabolic dish, trough and Scheffler reflectors can provide process heat for commercial and industrial applications. The first commercial system was the Solar Total Energy Project (STEP) in Shenandoah, Georgia, USA where a field of 114 parabolic dishes provided 50% of the process heating, air conditioning and electrical requirements for a clothing factory. This grid-connected cogeneration system provided 400 kW of electricity plus thermal energy in the form of 401 kW steam and 468 kW chilled water, and had a one-hour peak load thermal storage. Evaporation ponds are shallow pools that concentrate dissolved solids through evaporation. The use of evaporation ponds to obtain salt from sea water is one of the oldest applications of solar energy. Modern uses include concentrating brine solutions used in leach mining and removing dissolved solids from waste streams. Clothes lines, clotheshorses, and clothes racks dry clothes through evaporation by wind and sunlight without consuming electricity or gas. In some states of the United States legislation protects the "right to dry" clothes. Unglazed transpired collectors (UTC) are perforated sun-facing walls used for preheating ventilation air. UTCs can raise the incoming air temperature up to 22 °C (40 °F) and deliver outlet temperatures of 45–60 °C (113–140 °F). The short payback period of transpired collectors (3 to 12 years) makes them a more cost-effective alternative than glazed collection systems. As of 2003, over 80 systems with a combined collector area of 35,000 square metres (380,000 sq ft) had been installed worldwide, including an 860 m2 (9,300 sq ft) collector in Costa Rica used for drying coffee beans and a 1,300 m2 (14,000 sq ft) collector in Coimbatore, India, used for drying marigolds.

Questions:
The Solar Total Energy Project had a field of how many parabolic dishes?
Are transpired collectors more or less cost-effective than glazed collection systems?
What are some examples of solar concentrating technologies?
What was the first commercial solar concentrating system?
What is one of the oldest uses of solar energy?
What are some items used to dry clothes without the use of electricity?
What are Unglazed transpired collectors?
Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. They can be grouped into three broad categories: box cookers, panel cookers and reflector cookers. The simplest solar cooker is the box cooker first built by Horace de Saussure in 1767. A basic box cooker consists of an insulated container with a transparent lid. It can be used effectively with partially overcast skies and will typically reach temperatures of 90–150 °C (194–302 °F). Panel cookers use a reflective panel to direct sunlight onto an insulated container and reach temperatures comparable to box cookers. Reflector cookers use various concentrating geometries (dish, trough, Fresnel mirrors) to focus light on a cooking container. These cookers reach temperatures of 315 °C (599 °F) and above but require direct light to function properly and must be repositioned to track the Sun.

Questions:
Horace de Saussure built the first box cooker in what year?
Reflector cookers can reach temperatures in Celsius of up to what?
What are solar cookers used for?
What are the 3 main categories of solar cookers?
Who created the box cooker?
What is the typical temperature range for a box cooker?
What do reflector cookers require to function?
Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,000 sq ft), could produce up to 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day and operate for 40 years. Individual still designs include single-slope, double-slope (or greenhouse type), vertical, conical, inverted absorber, multi-wick, and multiple effect. These stills can operate in passive, active, or hybrid modes. Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications.

Questions:
In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas?
What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable?
By who was the first record of solar distillation done by?
When was the first large solar distillation plant created?
How much water was produced by the plant?
What is an example of a solar distillation design?
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis.

Questions:
Where does solar energy come from?
What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun?
What technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun?
What is solar energy?
Solar energy may be used in a water stabilisation pond to treat waste water without chemicals or electricity. A further environmental advantage is that algae grow in such ponds and consume carbon dioxide in photosynthesis, although algae may produce toxic chemicals that make the water unusable.

Questions:
What is a possible negative effect of algae in water stabilization ponds?
For what reason would solar energy be used in a water stabilisation pond?
What is a reason why the water from a water stabilisation pond may be unusable?
Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.

Questions:
According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be  provided by solar heating systems?
What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water?
How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes?
What is a common type of solar water heater?
What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools?
Solar power is anticipated to become the world's largest source of electricity by 2050, with solar photovoltaics and concentrated solar power contributing 16 and 11 percent to the global overall consumption, respectively.

Questions:
By what year is solar power expected to become the world's greatest source of electricity?
When is solar power is foreseen to become the largest source of electricity?
Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. PV converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

Questions:
What is solar power?
How is sunlight converted into electricity?
What does a concentrated solar power system use?
What is the purpose of a concentrated solar power system?
What method does the photovoltaics system use to turn light into electricity?
Solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemically stored energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.

Questions:
The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe?
What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius?
What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy?
How much of the earth is covered by oceans?
What is the cause of atmospheric circulation?
How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds?
What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones?
What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called?
Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.

Questions:
Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from?
How are solar technologies defined?
What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active?
Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun?
How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun?
Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction. Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA. In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants in Egypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.

Questions:
Where is the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility located?
What is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction?
Where is the PS20 solar power tower located?
Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage. Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water.

Questions:
Solar water disinfection is recommended by which organization?
How long should the plastic bottles filled with water be exposed to sunlight during Solar water disinfection?
What does the World Health Organization say about Solar water disinfection?
How many people use Solar water disinfection to disinfect their drinking water?
Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures, cisterns, aqueducts, and lighthouses. Spanning the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Greater Somalia, it also includes the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times.

Questions:
Along with Somalo-Islamic architecture, what influences modern Somali architecture?
Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?
What material was used to make Somali cities?
Somali art is the artistic culture of the Somali people, both historic and contemporary. These include artistic traditions in pottery, music, architecture, wood carving and other genres. Somali art is characterized by its aniconism, partly as a result of the vestigial influence of the pre-Islamic mythology of the Somalis coupled with their ubiquitous Muslim beliefs. However, there have been cases in the past of artistic depictions representing living creatures, such as certain ancient rock paintings in northern Somalia, the golden birds on the Mogadishan canopies, and the plant decorations on religious tombs in southern Somalia. More typically, intricate patterns and geometric designs, bold colors and monumental architecture were the norm.

Questions:
What is a notable characteristic of Somali art?
Along with wood carving, architecture and pottery, what is a notable Somali artistic tradition?
In what geographic region of Somalia are ancient rock paintings located?
What animals are depicted on the Mogadishan canopies?
In what area of Somalia can one find the tombs decorated with plants?
Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, alcohol is not served, nothing that died on its own is eaten, and no blood is incorporated.

Questions:
What is the one culinary tradition that is present among all Somali regional cuisines?
What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?
What beverage is not halal?
Along with alcohol, what liquid is never present in halal food?
Somali dialects are divided into three main groups: Northern, Benaadir and Maay. Northern Somali (or Northern-Central Somali) forms the basis for Standard Somali. Benaadir (also known as Coastal Somali) is spoken on the Benadir coast from Adale to south of Merca, including Mogadishu, as well as in the immediate hinterland. The coastal dialects have additional phonemes which do not exist in Standard Somali. Maay is principally spoken by the Digil and Mirifle (Rahanweyn) clans in the southern areas of Somalia.

Questions:
Along with Northern and Maay, what is the third main group of Somali dialects?
What dialect is Standard Somali based on?
What is another name for Benaadir?
What dialect is spoken on Mogadishu?
In what geographic part of Somalia do the Rahanweyn live?
Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of Somali empires such as the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Gobroon Dynasty and the Dervish State under one flag and one nation. The Siad Barre regime actively promoted Pan-Somalism, which eventually led to the Ogaden War between Somalia on one side, and Ethiopia, Cuba and the Soviet Union on the other.

Questions:
Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?
In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?
What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?
Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?
What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?
Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclaim. Of these modern writers, Nuruddin Farah is probably the most celebrated. Books such as From a Crooked Rib and Links are considered important literary achievements, works which have earned Farah, among other accolades, the 1998 Neustadt International Prize for Literature. Farah Mohamed Jama Awl is another prominent Somali writer who is perhaps best known for his Dervish era novel, Ignorance is the enemy of love. Young upstart Nadifa Mohamed was also awarded the 2010 Betty Trask Prize. Additionally, Mohamed Ibrahim Warsame 'Hadrawi' is considered by many to be the greatest living Somali poet, and several of his works have been translated internationally.

Questions:
When did Somalis begin to render their language using the Latin alphabet?
Who is the most well-known modern Somali writer?
In what year did Nuruddin Farah win the Neustadt International Prize for Literature?
Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?
Who won the 2010 Betty Trask Prize?
Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than those of their husbands; 30 (33.7%) were with women of surrounding clans of other clan families (Isaaq, 28; Hawiye, 3); and 3 (4.3%) were with women of other clans of the Darod clan family (Majerteen 2, Ogaden 1).

Questions:
What practice is often used to bind different clans together?
According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?
According to a recent study, how many Dhulbahante men married women of a different Dhulbahante sub-clan?
To what clan family do the Ogaden belong?
What percentage of Dhulbahante men married women of the Majerteen or Ogaden?
Somalia established its first ISP in 1999, one of the last countries in Africa to get connected to the Internet. According to the telecommunications resource Balancing Act, growth in internet connectivity has since then grown considerably, with around 53% of the entire nation covered as of 2009. Both internet commerce and telephony have consequently become among the quickest growing local businesses.

Questions:
What years was the first ISP established in Somalia?
Somalia was one of the last countries on what continent to get connected tothe internet?
In 2009, what percent of Somalia has internet coverage?
The quickest growing local businesses in Somalia are what types of businesses?
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.

Questions:
What language family is Somali a part of?
What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of?
What is the majority religion of Somalis?
How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?
What country has the second largest Somali population?
Somalis constitute the largest ethnic group in Somalia, at approximately 85% of the nation's inhabitants. They are traditionally nomads, but since the late 20th century, many have moved to urban areas. While most Somalis can be found in Somalia proper, large numbers also live in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Yemen, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe due to their seafaring tradition.

Questions:
What is the biggest ethnic group in Somalia?
What percentage of Somalians are ethnic Somalis?
During what century did the nomad lifestyle decline among Somalis?
Why do many Somalis live in South Asia and Europe?
Along with Djibouti and Ethiopia, in what African country outside Somalia can Somalis be found?
Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted.

Questions:
What is the Somali system of customary law?
Somalis have a rich musical heritage centered on traditional Somali folklore. Most Somali songs are pentatonic. That is, they only use five pitches per octave in contrast to a heptatonic (seven note) scale, such as the major scale. At first listen, Somali music might be mistaken for the sounds of nearby regions such as Ethiopia, Sudan or Arabia, but it is ultimately recognizable by its own unique tunes and styles. Somali songs are usually the product of collaboration between lyricists (midho), songwriters (lahan) and singers ('odka or "voice").

Questions:
What scale is used by most Somali songs?
How many notes are in a hepatonic scale?
What is an exaple of a hepatonic scale?
Along with Arabia and Ethiopia, what land has songs that sound similar to those of Somalia?
What does midho mean in English?
Some "popular" genre musicians have had significant classical training, such as Billy Joel, Elton John, the Van Halen brothers, Randy Rhoads and Ritchie Blackmore. Moreover, formal training is not unique to the classical genre. Many rock and pop musicians have completed degrees in commercial music programs such as those offered by the Berklee College of Music and many jazz musicians have completed degrees in music from universities with jazz programs, such as the Manhattan School of Music and McGill University.

Questions:
What brothers have had significant classical training?
Billy Joel and Elton John have both had what type of training?
Rock and pop musicians may have degrees in what type of music?
Some 97 percent of male BYU graduates and 32 percent of female graduates took a hiatus from their undergraduate studies at one point to serve as LDS missionaries. In October 2012, the LDS Church announced at its general conference that young men could serve a mission after they turn 18 and have graduated from high school, rather than after age 19 under the old policy. Many young men would often attend a semester or two of higher education prior to beginning missionary service. This policy change will likely impact what has been the traditional incoming freshman class at BYU. Female students may now begin their missionary service anytime after turning 19, rather than age 21 under the previous policy. For males, a full-time mission is two years in length, and for females it lasts 18 months.

Questions:
At what age, since 2012, are men allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
At what age, since 2012, are women allowed to serve a mission after high school graduation?
How long is a full-time mission for males?
How long is a full-time mission for females?
What percentage of graduates had taken a hiatus from their BYU studies to serve as an LDS missionary?
Some Belgian cities hold Carnivals during Lent. One of the best-known is Stavelot, where the Carnival de la Laetare takes place on Laetare Sunday, the fourth Sunday of Lent. The participants include the Blancs-Moussis, who dress in white, carry long red noses and parade through town attacking bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders. The town of Halle also celebrates on Laetare Sunday. Belgium's oldest parade is the Carnival Parade of Maaseik, also held on Laetare Sunday, which originated in 1865.

Questions:
What do some Belgian cities hold during Lent?
What Carnival takes place on Laetare Sunday?
What group of participants attack bystanders with confetti and dried pig bladders?
What day does the town of Halle engage in its celebration?
What's the name of Belgium's oldest parade?
Some Christian writers considered the possibility that pagan commentators may have mentioned this event, mistaking it for a solar eclipse - although this would have been impossible during the Passover, which takes place at the full moon. Christian traveller and historian Sextus Julius Africanus and Christian theologian Origen refer to Greek historian Phlegon, who lived in the 2nd century AD, as having written "with regard to the eclipse in the time of Tiberius Caesar, in whose reign Jesus appears to have been crucified, and the great earthquakes which then took place"

Questions:
As what was the event mistaken by some pagans?
Why was a solar eclipse impossible?
Which Greek historian wrote about these natural occurrences?
Who reigned Rome during the Crucifixion of Jesus?
What other event supposedly took place that shook people?
Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New Testament. In their arguments, this is particularly demonstrated in the Council of Jerusalem, described in Acts chapter 15, where the Apostles and elders gathered together to govern the Church; the Apostles being representatives of the universal Church, and elders being such for the local church. To this day, elements of federalism can be found in almost every Christian denomination, some more than others.

Questions:
When was the earliest source of political federalism according to Christians?
What was the structure that the early Christian church described?
What happens in the council of Jerusalem?
Where can the elements of federalism can be found?
Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed forces (including Estonian Waffen-SS), the majority of them did so only in 1944 when the threat of a new invasion of Estonia by the Red Army had become imminent. In January 1944 Estonia was again facing the prospect of invasion from the Red Army and the last legitimate prime minister of the Republic of Estonia (according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia) delivered a radio address asking all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. The call resulted in around 38,000 new enlistments and several thousand Estonians who had joined the Finnish Army came back to join the newly formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. It was hoped[by whom?] that by engaging in such a war Estonia would be able to attract Western support for Estonian independence.

Questions:
Who did some Estonians join as an alternative to the Germans?
Who was the Finnish Army allied with?
Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200?
What year did most Estonians join the Germans after a new Soviet threat was emerging?
Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians". They "lived in native communities for years, learned native languages fluently, attended native councils, and often fought alongside their native companions." More numerous and typical were traders and trappers, who married Indigenous American women from tribes on the frontier and had families with them. Some traders, who kept bases in the cities, had what ware called "country wives" among Indigenous Americans, with legal European-American wives and children at home in the city. Not all abandoned their "natural" mixed-race children. Some arranged for sons to be sent to European-American schools for their education.

Questions:
Who were considered "white Indians"?
Who had Indigenous "Country wives"?
Who lived in native communities, speaking the language and participating in the affairs of tribes?
Why were some multiracial children sent to Europe?
Where were legal wives usually kept?
Some Flemish dialects are so distinct that they might be considered as separate language variants, although the strong significance of language in Belgian politics would prevent the government from classifying them as such. West Flemish in particular has sometimes been considered a distinct variety. Dialect borders of these dialects do not correspond to present political boundaries, but reflect older, medieval divisions. The Brabantian dialect group, for instance, also extends to much of the south of the Netherlands, and so does Limburgish. West Flemish is also spoken in Zeelandic Flanders (part of the Dutch province of Zeeland), and by older people in French Flanders (a small area that borders Belgium).

Questions:
What Dutch dialect is so distinct that it's often considered a language variant?
What kind of governmental boundary does dialect distribution transcend, reflecting medieval divisions?
What province is Zeelandic Flanders in?
What area that abuts Belgium still has some older people who speak West Flemish?
Along with Limburgish, what other Dutch dialect is spoken down into a lot of the southern Netherlands?
Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally. A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable tax status and are restricted in the public charities they support. Their mole is not to be successful in terms of wealth, but in terms of giving value to the groups of people they administer to.

Questions:
How are charity or service NPOs usually organized?
What type of organization behaves much like a foundation?
 What is a major function of a foundation?
Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers), FIDH International Federation for Human Rights, Goodwill Industries, United Way, ACORN (now defunct), Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, INCOSE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, Translators Without Borders and SOS Children's Villages.

Questions:
What is a well known NPO that helps people from low incomes become homeowners?
What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?
What is a national charite that helps to bring food and health care to low income families?
Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?
Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?
Some Presbyterian traditions adopt only the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard to which teaching elders are required to subscribe, in contrast to the Larger and Shorter catechisms, which are approved for use in instruction. Many Presbyterian denominations, especially in North America, have adopted all of the Westminster Standards as their standard of doctrine which is subordinate to the Bible. These documents are Calvinistic in their doctrinal orientation. The Presbyterian Church in Canada retains the Westminster Confession of Faith in its original form, while admitting the historical period in which it was written should be understood when it is read.

Questions:
What traditions do some Presbyterian churches only adopt as their doctrinal standard?
Many Presbyterian churches in America have adopted this doctrine as their standard, what is it?
The Presbyterian church in Canada has retains which Doctrine in its original form?
Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa. As such, ancient beliefs continue to co-exist side-by-side with Christianity, particularly in regard to the traditional customs and rituals of fa'a Samoa. The Samoan culture is centred around the principle of vāfealoa'i, the relationships between people. These relationships are based on respect, or fa'aaloalo. When Christianity was introduced in Samoa, most Samoan people converted. Currently 98% of the population identify themselves as Christian.

Questions:
What religion is practiced by the vast majority of Samoans?
What word that means human relationships is at the core of Samoa's culture?
What word is used in Samoa to mean "respect"?
What percentage of Samoans call themselves Christians?
Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs can, in practice, supply more power to USB devices than required by the specification but a standard-compliant device may not depend on this.

Questions:
Some USB devices require what?
Some devices such as an external hard and optical disk drive can use what?
What is another alternative for power for an external hard and optical disk drive?
What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable?
Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send their views in response to the question "Is the West demonising China?" The BBC reported on a demonstration in Sydney by Chinese Australians "voicing support for Beijing amid controversy over Tibet" and protesting against what they saw as Western media bias. The report showed demonstrators carrying signs which read "Shame on some Western media", "BBC CNN lies too" and "Stop media distortion!". One demonstrator interviewed by the BBC stated: "I saw some news from CNN, from the BBC, some media [inaudible], and they are just lying." Libération also reported that it had been accused of bias by the Chinese media.

Questions:
Which United Kingdom newspaper published a Chinese ambassador's opinion that Western media had demonized China with torch coverage?
What French newspaper did the Chinese media accuse of bias?
Some Chinese have accused Western media of what in their reportings?
Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?
Which newspaper published these accusations?
What other newspaper was accused of bias?