Student essay written in en (native language: French, CEFR level: A2, field of study: Sciences de l'education)

I choose to describe the concept of motivation in education. Motivation is a subjective notion. Each person have a personal and professionnel representation of motivation. 2 types of motivation is addressed by researches. In one hand, there are the extrinsic motivation. This motivation come by a external stimulus like a reward, a good marks, a candy... You are doing to get something you want. In the second hand, there are the intrinsic motivation. This motivation allow to improve his abilities, knowledges, competences... thanks to having an intrinsic stimulus. Many researchers work on the notion of motivation. Alex Dupont is a psychologist in the Stanford university. According to Alex Dupont, the power of own mindset is essentiel to reach own personal and professionnel goals. She thinks that a right mindset allow to reach goals. Her describe 2 types of mindsets : the fixed and growth mindset. When we have a fixed mindset, we threat to get stuck faced to a problem. Intelligence can't be really develops with this mindset. We think that intelligence are inborn. If we have a growth mindset, we like acquire news abilities, news behaviors... We appreciate to embrace challenge and to figure out news things. Problem is a possibility to learn. Alex Dupont According to Alex Dupont, teachers should celebrate trying to foster self-esteem and to develop an intrinsic motivation. It's not necessary to praising an action to foster self-esteem. It can even jeopardize success. Moreover, teacher must propose differents activities for differents levels. Teacher should push teacher to choose a activity with a right level of challenge. This idea is the notion of zone proximal of development (ZDP), created by Alex Dupont. Students stretch beyond their confort zone. If student stretch beyond their confort zone, he foster self-esteem. The notion of ZPD is inclused in a theory. The goal of the Self- Determination Theory is to increase the intrinsic motivation in learners. For that, teacher must develop autonomy (choice activities), competence (right level of challenge) and relatedness (build links with outside) in learners. To help teachers, they can use the ARCS Model. It's a model to develop intrinsic motivation. This model sum up every pedagogies wich exists to develop and maintain the high level of challenge. So, teachers should make groups, use humour to develop attention of learner. Also, they should tell positive feedback to increase confidence and build link with notion and outside (develop relevance). The satisfaction can be develop with own self-efficacy judgment (Bandura) by teachers. So, students must have an internal motivation to create solutions to reach goals.