財務大臣
財務大臣(ざいむだいじん、英:Minister of Finance)とは、各国において財務、財政、金融などを担当する大臣や長官のこと。
「財務長官(ざいむちょうかん)」、「財政長官」(ざいせいちょうかん)とも訳されることがある。米国の「英:Secretary of the Treasury」は「財務長官」と訳すのが一般的。
日本の財務大臣(ざいむだいじん、Minister of Finance)は、財務省の長および主任の大臣たる国務大臣。
予算、税制、税関、国庫、国債、財政投融資、国有財産、通貨、政策金融などを担当する。最重要閣僚ポストの1つ。略称は財務相(ざいむしょう)。中央省庁再編前の大蔵省時代での長の名称は大蔵大臣(おおくらだいじん)。略称は蔵相(ぞうしょう)。1998年6月22日までは金融制度や証券取引制度の調査、企画立案、銀行業の監督といった金融行政も担当していた。
イギリスの財務大臣(ざいむだいじん、Chancellor of the Exchequer)は、イギリスの国政財務に対して責任を負う閣僚であり、大蔵省の長である。イギリスの四大大臣の1つ。
アメリカ合衆国の財務長官(ざいむちょうかん、Secretary of the Treasury)は、財務省の長官であり、連邦政府において財政政策および金融政策を担当する閣僚である。
シンガポールの財務大臣(ざいむだいじん、Minister for Finance)は、国務大臣の1つで、財務省の長。シンガポールの経済の管理、統制について責任を負い、その権限は主に会社法、商業登記法、貨幣法、会計法によって規定されている。
(国名、英語版記事、日本語版記事)
Afghanistan: Ministry of Finance
Albania: Ministry of Finance
Algeria: Ministry of Finance
Angola: Ministry of Finance
Argentina: Minister of Treasury and Public Finances
Australia: Treasurer of Australia (with list).(財務相と訳される) There is also a Minister for Finance who is responsible for areas such as government expenditure, financial management, and the operations of government.(金融相と訳される)
Bahamas: Minister of Finance—There is also a Minister of State for Finance who is junior to the Minister.
Barbados: Minister of Finance
Bangladesh: Minister of Finance
Belarus: Ministry of Finance
Belgium: Ministry of Finance (list)
Brazil: Ministry of Finance
Brunei: Ministry of Finance
Bulgaria: Ministry of Finance (list)
Burma: Ministry of Finance
Cambodia: Ministry of Finance
Canada: Minister of Finance (with list)
Chile: Ministry of Finance of Chile
People's Republic of China: Minister of Finance - the Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission also has power over government finance and the economy
Hong Kong: Financial Secretary (with list), Secretary for the Treasury (under Financial Secretary)
Republic of China(台湾): Ministry of Finance
Cyprus: Minister of Finance of the Republic of Cyprus
Czech Republic: Finance Minister of the Czech Republic
Denmark: Finance Minister (list)
Dominican Republic: Ministry of Finance (list)
East Timor: Ministry of Finance
Egypt: Minister of Finance
Estonia: Ministry of Finance
Ethiopia: Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
European Union: Commissioner for Economic and Financial Affairs
Fiji: Minister of Finance
Finland: Minister of Finance (with list)
France: Minister of the Economy, Finance and Employment (list)
Germany: Minister of Finance (list)
Greece: Minister for Finance
Hungary: Minister of Finance (with list)
Iceland: Minister of Finance
India: Finance Minister of India, (list)
Indonesia: Minister of Finance (with list)
Iran: Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance
Iraq: Minister of Finance
Ireland: Minister for Finance (with list), Minister for Public Expenditure and Reform
Israel: Finance Minister of Israel
Italy: List of Ministers of Economy and Finance
Jamaica: Minister of Finance
Japan: Minister of Finance (with list)
Kuwait: Ministry of Finance
Lebanon: Ministers of Finance list
Liberia: Ministry of Finance (with list)
Lithuania: Minister of Finance
Macedonia: Ministry of Finance
Malaysia: Minister of Finance (with list)
Mexico: Secretary of Finance
Montenegro: Ministry of Finance (with list)
Nepal: Ministry of Finance
Netherlands: Ministry of Finance
New Zealand: Minister of Finance (with list)
Norway: Minister of Finance (with list)
Pakistan: Finance Minister of Pakistan (with list)
Peru: Ministry of Economy and Finance
Philippines: Secretary of Finance (with list) for general economic policy, Secretary of Budget and Management (with list) for fiscal policy
Malta: Minister of Finance (with list)
Poland: Minister of Finance
Romania: Ministry of Public Finance
Russia: Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.
Samoa: Minister for Finance (with list)
Serbia: Minister of Finance
Singapore: Minister for Finance, Ministry of Finance
Slovenia: Minister of Finance
Somalia: Ministry of Finance and Planning
South Africa: Minister of Finance
South Korea:  Ministry of Strategy and Finance
South Sudan: Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning
Spain: Minister of Finance
Sri Lanka: Minister of Finance
Sweden: Minister for Finance (with list)
Switzerland: Member of the Federal Council heading the "Federal Department of Finance" (with list)
Tanzania: Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs
Thailand: Ministry of Finance
Trinidad and Tobago: Ministry of Finance
Turkey: Ministry of Finance (list)
Uganda: Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
United Kingdom: Chancellor of the Exchequer (with list) and Her Majesty's Treasury
北アイルランド: Minister of Finance
Wales: Minister for Finance
Scotland: Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Employment and Sustainable Growth (with list)
USA: Secretary of the Treasury (with list)
Uruguay: Minister for Economy and Finance
UZB: Ministry of Finance (Uzbekistan)
VIE: Ministry of Finance
各国の財務大臣や中央銀行総裁が集って国際的な経済問題や金融問題について議論する国際会議としては先進7か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議(G7)、先進11か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議(G10)、主要20か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議(G20)などがある。
主要20か国財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議になると、各国の財務大臣に加えて国際通貨基金(IMF)代表、国際復興開発銀行(IBRD)代表、ヨーロッパ中央銀行(ECB)代表も参加する。
日本で「財務大臣・中央銀行総裁会議」と言っている場合、(本当は曖昧なのだが)文脈上はG7のそれを指していることが多い。