How to tweet with accessibility in mind
Tags: a11y, socialmedia, twitter, alttext
Published: 2019-05-21 18:39:31

---
title: How to tweet with accessibility in mind
canonical_url: https://amberley.blog/2019-05-21-accessible-tweeting/
published: true
description: 
tags: accessibility, social media, twitter, a11y, alt text
---

Curating some go-to tips for myself for tweeting with accessibility in mind. I hope others find this helpful.

_Not already familiar with "alternative text" or "screen readers"? Check out the "Terms" explainer section at the end of this post._

Quick links / overview of the sections:

1. [(Prerequisite) Enable alt text](#prerequisite-enable-alt-text).
2. [Provide meaningful alt text for images](#provide-meaningful-alt-text-for-images).
3. [Provide direct "alt text" for animated gifs](#provide-alt-text-directly-in-tweets-containing-animated-gifs).
4. [Use camel case or pascal case for multi-word hashtags](#use-camel-case-or-pascal-case-for-multi-word-hashtags).
5. [Consider your use of punctuation and symbols](#consider-your-use-of-punctuation-and-symbols).

## (Prerequisite) Enable alt text. <a name="prerequisite-enable-alt-text"></a>

Twitter supports providing alt text for images. At this point, you must still explicitly opt-in to expose this as a "feature". To opt-in, [visit the accessibility tab in your Twitter settings](https://twitter.com/settings/accessibility), and enable "Compose image descriptions".

![My Twitter accessibility settings with an arrow indicating where to enable compose image descriptions.](https://amberley.blog/static/a0312b4310cc089457711e6ed70870d6/82ac9/twitter-compose-image-descriptions.png)


I still hope someday Twitter enables this option by default (or even requires it), rather than making it opt-in.

[![Tweet from @amber1ey reading saying: It would be pretty rad if Twitter not only made the option to add alt text default rather than opt-in, but required it.](https://amberley.blog/static/a8c28818d38815554cb717a0bae0b438/5c343/tweet-amberley-twitter-alt.png)](https://twitter.com/amber1ey/status/1100797205781381121)

## Provide meaningful alt text for images <a name="provide-meaningful-alt-text-for-images"></a>

When writing alt text, imagine that you're describing the image to a friend sitting across a table from you. Think of how you would describe it so that the full meaning of the tweet is communicated, without ever seeing the image.

1. Context is everything. The same image might have different appropriate alt text depending on the context. (Again, think about describing to a friend.)
2. Don't be unnecessarily verbose. Be as succinct as possible while getting the full point across.
3. Avoid "image of..." or "graphic of...". This context is provided implicitly by the `<img/>` tag. Including it in the alt text would be redundant.
4. Place a period (`.`) at the end of the alt text. This will make the screen reader "take a breath."

### Alt text examples:
- This [great Twitter thread](https://twitter.com/RobotHugsComic/status/949324467993497600) from [@RobotHugsComic](https://twitter.com/RobotHugsComic) provides some great examples of effective alt text for images associated with tweets.
- [WebAIM](https://webaim.org/) also has great guides on [the importance of context in alt text](https://webaim.org/techniques/alttext/#context), and [examples of alt text blunders](https://webaim.org/articles/gonewild/#alttext).

## Provide "alt text" directly in tweets containing animated gifs <a name="provide-alt-text-directly-in-tweets-containing-animated-gifs"></a>

I have "alt text" in quotes because currently you cannot provide alt text (as in a literal `alt` attribute) for animated gifs on Twitter. A lot of folks currently provide alternative text directly in the content of the tweet that contains the gif:

[![Tweet from Aaron Gustafson saying: 'Collaboratively editing with @TatianaTMac 🤩🤩🤩 Highlight of my day!' The tweet includes alt text for a gif, which reads: John Krasinski as Jim Halpert in the Office, saying yes very excitedly (complete with a rock solid hand gesture).](https://amberley.blog/static/b898e9a9ee8038dd64d492bc0b5989f6/2cf5e/tweet-aaron-gif-alt.png)](https://twitter.com/AaronGustafson/status/1128448431012237314)

## Use camel case or pascal case for multi-word hashtags. <a name="use-camel-case-or-pascal-case-for-multi-word-hashtags"></a>

In camel case, words are joined together with no spaces. The first letter is lower-cased, and each additional word begins with a capital letter. (Ex., iPhone, eBay). Pascal case is a subset of camel case, where the first word is also capitalized.

Camel or pascal cased hash tags are more readable to screen readers, and also more legible for sighted users.
- `#ThisIsPascalCase`
- `#thisIsCamelCase`
- `#thisislowercase`

## Consider your use of punctuation and symbols. <a name="consider-your-use-of-punctuation-and-symbols"></a>

Awhile ago, the "sign bunny" meme was a thing. A tweet would include an ASCII bunny, holding a sign, conventionally with capitalized text. Reading this type of text content on a screen reader is... obnoxious.

[![Tweet using the sign bunny meme, saying: 'Live your life in a way that would make Mr. Rogers AND Carrie Fisher proud.'](https://amberley.blog/static/c357915731edb82e3f8d3bea8bac8d6b/8de29/tweet-sign-bunny-meme.png)](https://twitter.com/kaytaylorrea/status/1018613620018696192)

(_This tweet is an example, and not intended to call out the tweeter. I chose this one simply because it's one of my personal favorites._)

Below is a screen recording video demoing how this tweet is read aloud using the built-in screen reader for Mac, "VoiceOver":

{% youtube 8tCYIrhV5SI %}

In situtations like this, consider what the text of the tweet read aloud would actually sound like to someone. A better idea in this case might be to include the meme as an image, with appropriate alt text.

This includes emojis. [Quoting Adrian Roselli](http://adrianroselli.com/2018/01/improving-your-tweet-accessibility.html#Emoji):

> In general, avoid too many emoji. Understand that different screen settings and sizes may make them hard to see, and that different cultural backgrounds (and context) can change their meaning. But beyond all that, they are just verbose in screen readers.

Consider this not only in tweet text, but also in your Twitter display name:

[![Tweet from Sassy Outwater saying: 'So you know all those emoji and punctuation marks in your Twitter names get read aloud by screen readers, right? If it takes me longer to hear your Twitter name than to read your tweet? I scroll right on by. Please remember this when adding lots of emoji to things. Thanks.'](https://amberley.blog/static/3f899a7283513564acc9d0d7e8b3e83c/27a26/tweet-sassy-outwater.png)](https://twitter.com/SassyOutwater/status/948206049357594624)

## Make it a habit!

It took me a bit to get in the habit of considering all of these things, and I'm far from perfect. One thing I was going to link here was the [Please Caption!](https://twitter.com/PleaseCaption) Twitter bot account, that would politely remind me if I forgot to include alt text. Sadly, [Twitter has changed the way bots work](https://twitter.com/PleaseCaption/status/1128326464879853569) (apparently) and it's (hopefully temporarily??) dead.

## Terms

Info on specific important terms in this post, if you're not familiar.

### Alternative text

Alternative (alt) text provides a text alternative to non-text content. The text is read by screen readers in place of images. It communicates the content and function of the image to users who rely on means of navigating the web that aren't visual (blind users, low-vision users, users with cognitive disabilities, deafblind users, etc).

Alt text is:
- Read aloud by screen readers,
- Displayed in place of the image in browsers if the file is not loaded,
- Crawlable by search engines and therefore indexable by search engines. 

[Learn more about alt text](https://webaim.org/techniques/alttext/).

### Screen reader

A screen reader is a software program that converts digital text into synthesized speech.

[Learn more about screen readers](https://webaim.org/techniques/screenreader/).

## Assorted relevant links

- [Improving your tweet accessibility](http://adrianroselli.com/2018/01/improving-your-tweet-accessibility.html) by [Adrian Roselli](https://twitter.com/aardrian).
- [Twitter Has Alt Text! (with some caveats)](http://adrianroselli.com/2016/03/twitter-has-alt-text-with-some-caveats.html) by [Adrian Roselli](https://twitter.com/aardrian).
- [Writing alternative text that matters](https://www.a11ywithlindsey.com/blog/writing-alternative-text-matters) by [Lindsey Kopacz](https://twitter.com/LittleKope/).
- [Everything You Need to Know About Inclusive Design for Social Media](https://blog.hootsuite.com/inclusive-design-social-media/) from [Hootsuite blog](https://twitter.com/hootsuite).