LINUX KERNEL: Researchers from University of Minnesota had no bad intentions- lift ban
Tags: linux, devops, opensource, news
Published: 2021-04-26 12:22:39

The University of Minnesota has been banned from contributing to the Linux kernel by one of its maintainers after researchers from the school apparently knowingly submitted code with security flaws.

This is my personal view after reading their open letter to Linux kernel community. I believe Linux kernel community can look into this matter with a warning.

**Matter:**
Earlier this year, two researchers from the university released a paper detailing how they had submitted known security vulnerabilities to the Linux kernel in order to show how potentially malicious code could get through the approval process. 
Link of paper: https://github.com/QiushiWu/QiushiWu.github.io/blob/main/papers/OpenSourceInsecurity.pdf

Now, after another student from the university submitted code that reportedly does nothing, kernel maintainer and Linux Foundation fellow Greg Kroah-Hartman has released a statement calling for all kernel maintainers to reject any code submissions from anyone using a umn.edu email address.

```
I have been meaning to do this for a while, but recent events have
finally forced me to do so.

Commits from @umn.edu addresses have been found to be submitted in "bad
faith" to try to test the kernel community's ability to review "known
malicious" changes.  The result of these submissions can be found in a
paper published at the 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
entitled, "Open Source Insecurity: Stealthily Introducing
Vulnerabilities via Hypocrite Commits" written by Qiushi Wu (University
of Minnesota) and Kangjie Lu (University of Minnesota).

[....]

but they should be aware that future submissions from anyone
with a umn.edu address should be by default-rejected unless otherwise
determined to actually be a valid fix (i.e. they provide proof and you
can verify it, but really, why waste your time doing that extra work?)

thanks,

greg k-h
```

You can read full mail here:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210421130105.1226686-1-gregkh@linuxfoundation.org/


In a statement meant to clarify the study, the researchers said they intended to bring attention to issues with the submission process — mainly, the fact that bugs, including ones that were potentially maliciously crafted, could slip through. Kernel developer Laura Abbot countered this in a blog post, saying that the possibility of bugs slipping through is well-known in the open-source software community. In what appears to be a private message, the person who submitted the reportedly nonfunctional code called Kroah-Hartman’s accusations that the code was known to be invalid “wild” and “bordering on slander.”

It’s unclear if that submission — which kicked off the current controversy — was actually part of a research project. The person who submitted it did so with their umn.edu email address, while the patches submitted in the study were done through random Gmail addresses, and the submitter claimed that the faulty code was created by a tool. Kroah-Hartman’s response basically said that he found it unlikely that a tool had created the code, and, given the research, he couldn’t trust that the patch was made in good faith either way.

The university open letter to community:
```
April 24, 2021
An open letter to the Linux community

Dear Community Members:

We sincerely apologize for any harm our research group did to the
Linux kernel community. Our goal was to identify issues with the
patching process and ways to address them, and we are very sorry that
the method used in the “hypocrite commits” paper was inappropriate. As
many observers have pointed out to us, we made a mistake by not
finding a way to consult with the community and obtain permission
before running this study; we did that because we knew we could not
ask the maintainers of Linux for permission, or they would be on the
lookout for the hypocrite patches. While our goal was to improve the
security of Linux, we now understand that it was hurtful to the
community to make it a subject of our research, and to waste its
effort reviewing these patches without its knowledge or permission.

We just want you to know that we would never intentionally hurt the
Linux kernel community and never introduce security vulnerabilities.
Our work was conducted with the best of intentions and is all about
finding and fixing security vulnerabilities.

The “hypocrite commits” work was carried out in August 2020; it aimed
to improve the security of the patching process in Linux. As part of
the project, we studied potential issues with the patching process of
Linux, including causes of the issues and suggestions for addressing
them.
* This work did not introduce vulnerabilities into the Linux code. The
three incorrect patches were discussed and stopped during exchanges in
a Linux message board, and never committed to the code. We reported
the findings and our conclusions (excluding the incorrect patches) of
the work to the Linux community before paper submission, collected
their feedback, and included them in the paper.
* All the other 190 patches being reverted and re-evaluated were
submitted as part of other projects and as a service to the community;
they are not related to the “hypocrite commits” paper.
* These 190 patches were in response to real bugs in the code and all
correct--as far as we can discern--when we submitted them.
* We understand the desire of the community to gain access to and
examine the three incorrect patches. Doing so would reveal the
identity of members of the community who responded to these patches on
the message board. Therefore, we are working to obtain their consent
before revealing these patches.
* Our recent patches in April 2021 are not part of the “hypocrite
commits” paper either. We had been conducting a new project that aims
to automatically identify bugs introduced by other patches (not from
us). Our patches were prepared and submitted to fix the identified
bugs to follow the rules of Responsible Disclosure, and we are happy
to share details of this newer project with the Linux community.

We are a research group whose members devote their careers to
improving the Linux kernel. We have been working on finding and
patching vulnerabilities in Linux for the past five years. The past
observations with the patching process had motivated us to also study
and address issues with the patching process itself. This current
incident has caused a great deal of anger in the Linux community
toward us, the research group, and the University of Minnesota. We
apologize unconditionally for what we now recognize was a breach of
the shared trust in the open source community and seek forgiveness for
our missteps.

We seek to rebuild the relationship with the Linux Foundation and the
Linux community from a place of humility to create a foundation from
which, we hope, we can once again contribute to our shared goal of
improving the quality and security of Linux software. We will work
with our department as they develop new training and support for
faculty and students seeking to conduct research on open source
projects, peer-production sites, and other online communities.  We are
committed to following best practices for collaborative research by
consulting with community leaders and members about the nature of our
research projects, and ensuring that our work meets not only the
requirements of the IRB but also the expectations that the community
has articulated to us in the wake of this incident.

While this issue has been painful for us as well, and we are genuinely
sorry for the extra work that the Linux kernel community has
undertaken, we have learned some important lessons about research with
the open source community from this incident. We can and will do
better, and we believe we have much to contribute in the future, and
will work hard to regain your trust.


Sincerely,


Kangjie Lu, Qiushi Wu, and Aditya Pakki
University of Minnesota
```
Link:
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAK8KejpUVLxmqp026JY7x5GzHU2YJLPU8SzTZUNXU2OXC70ZQQ@mail.gmail.com/

Further reading:

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.theverge.com/platform/amp/2021/4/22/22398156/university-minnesota-linux-kernal-ban-research