Linux beginner to pro Commands Part 2
Tags: linux, tutorial
Published: 2021-05-15 15:34:49

Welcome to another blog of Linux beginner to pro series.

###1. Copying a file using cp command
1.1 We use cp command to copy file. Syntax to copy file goes like <code>cp path_of_file path_of_target_file </code> . In below example we are going to copy the file hello.txt to hello2.txt
```
$ cp hello.txt hello2.txt
```
In above command content of hello.txt is copied to hello2.txt regardless to the existence of file. If file does not exist file will get generated.

1.2 If you want to copy all the files from the folder to another location use <code>-r</code> option as shown in following command 
```
$ cp -r ~/Downloads/images /tmp/
```
Above command will copy all the files from images folder and paste in into tmp folder

###2. Renaming file / Moving file.
1.1 To move file from one location to another use syntax like <code>mv path_of_file path_of_target_folder</code>. 
```
$ mv ~/Downloads/images/my.png ~/Downloads/
```
Here in above command I managed to move my.png from images folder to Downloads folder.

1.2 If you want to rename file you can user mv command 
```
$ mv target_file.txt not_target_file.txt
```
Here I used mv command followed by name of file to rename that too followed by the desired new name of file.

###3. echo command.
echo command is simply used to print desire text on terminal 
```
$ echo "Aditya"
Aditya
```
Event though it looks useless command it can be used with many other commands.
Like creating file. If you want to create file with any content in it you can use redirect <code> > </code> with echo 
For example.
```
aditya@:test$ ls
aditya@:test$ echo "Hello World" > test.txt 
aditya@:test$ ls
test.txt
```
In above example shows how we created test.txt with "Hello World" in it.

###4. cat command
In above example we saw how we created a file with "Hello World" in it, here with cat command we can see the content in it, cat command is used to display content inside the file.
For example.
```
aditya@:test$ ls
aditya@:test$ echo "Hello World" > test.txt 
aditya@:test$ ls
test.txt
aditya@:test$ cat test.txt 
Hello World
```

###5. man pages
man shows the system’s manual pages. This is the command we use to view the help document (manual page) for
any command. The man pages are organized based on sections, and if the same command is found in many different
sections, only the first one is shown.
The general syntax is man section command. Example man 7 signal.
You can know about different sections below. Press q to quit the program.

###6. Creating soft link to a file
Soft link or symbolic links are a special kind of file, which actually point to some other file using either related or
absolute paths. We can create soft links using ln -s command.
```
aditya@:test$ ln -s test.txt name.txt
aditya@:test$ ls -l
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 aditya aditya  8 May 15 20:53 name.txt -> test.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 aditya aditya 12 May 15 19:55 test.txt
```
###7. Extracting a tar file
tar is used to craete and extract archive files to extract file fire following command
```
$ tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz
hi.txt
hello.java
```
###8. Creating a tar file
To archive files fire following command
```
aditya@:test$ ls
text1.txt  text2.txt  text3.txt  text4.txt  text.txt
aditya@:test$ tar -czvf  files.tar.gz text1.txt text2.txt text3.txt text.txt text4.txt 
text1.txt
text2.txt
text3.txt
text.txt
text4.txt
aditya@:test$ ls
files.tar.gz  text1.txt  text2.txt  text3.txt  text4.txt  text.txt
```
###9. Becoming root user
root is the superuser that has various access that common users don't to become root user fire following command
```
$ su -
Password:
```

###10 using sudo command
You can also use sudo privileges i.e root user privileges by add sudo before every command.  
```
$ less /var/log/secure
/var/log/secure: Permission denied
$ sudo less /var/log/secure
[sudo] password for sudo:
... some output
```


> That's it for today! Did you liked this post.? If yes then this is not the end I am going to post more such beginner level command and then later going to go more in details this series is going to make you go from beginner to pro Linux administrator... !!! Stay tuned !!!!!
 

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