Fully accessible Menu components by headless UI tailwindcss
Tags: javascript, react, tailwindcss, webdev
Published: 2021-04-16 07:10:59

This blog focuses on best-practice guidance on implementing accessibility in the menu components by using [Headless UI](https://headlessui.dev/) from the creator of tailwind Labs using tailwindcss.

###Why accessibility is important?
As in 2021, the Web should be accessible to information and interaction for many people. And also to provide equal access and equal opportunity to people with disabilities where there are barriers to print, audio, and visual media can be much more easily overcome through Web technologies. Also, this can help to deliver the best search results in Google and rank it according to its usability and it will boost your UX and your product.

We will be using,

###[Headless UI](https://headlessui.dev/)
 - Creators of Tailwind CSS, Tailwind UI, and Refactoring UI.

###[Tailwindcss](https://tailwindcss.com/)
 - Rapidly build modern websites without ever leaving your HTML 
   through different utility classes.

---

HeadlessUI Dev is a set of completely unstyled, fully accessible UI components, designed to integrate beautifully with Tailwind CSS.

![Headless UI](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/3v1wlmhq1iw35ua1gfgn.png)

---

##Let's build Menu Components from headless UI

Menus are used for navigation and to provide functionality which are critical parts of web page operability.

![Headless UI Menu](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ix6i44rvhxs79e6hmk69.png)

---

###Using For ReactJs

```js
# npm
npm install @headlessui/react

# Yarn
yarn add @headlessui/react
```

###Basic Example

Menu Buttons are built using the Menu, `Menu.Button`, `Menu.Items`, and `Menu.Item` components.

The Menu.Button will automatically open/close the Menu.Items when clicked, and when the menu is open, the list of items receives focus and is automatically navigable via the keyboard.

```js
import { Menu } from "@headlessui/react";

function MyDropdown() {
  return (
    <Menu>
      {/* Render no wrapper, instead pass in a button manually. */}
      <Menu.Button as={React.Fragment}>
        <button>More</button>
      </Menu.Button>
      <Menu.Items>
        <Menu.Item>
          {({ active }) => (
            <a
              className={`${active && "bg-blue-500"}`}
              href="/account-settings"
            >
              Account settings
            </a>
          )}
        </Menu.Item>
        {/* ... */}
      </Menu.Items>
    </Menu>
  );
}
```

The above code is an unstyled component by using headlessUI.

What is interesting here is if we see the generated HTML version below we can see **accessibility labels** and by using tailwindcss there are inline classes to make it a beautiful UI.

```html
<div class="w-56 text-right fixed top-16">
  <div class="relative inline-block text-left">
    <div>
      <button class="inline-flex justify-center w-full px-4 py-2 text-sm font-medium text-white bg-black rounded-md bg-opacity-20 hover:bg-opacity-30 focus:outline-none focus-visible:ring-2 focus-visible:ring-white focus-visible:ring-opacity-75" id="headlessui-menu-button-1" type="button" aria-haspopup="true"> 
         Options <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor" class="w-5 h-5 ml-2 -mr-1 text-violet-200 hover:text-violet-100" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5.293 7.293a1 1 0 011.414 0L10 10.586l3.293-3.293a1 1 0 111.414 1.414l-4 4a1 1 0 01-1.414 0l-4-4a1 1 0 010-1.414z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg>
      </button>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
```

We can see in the `button` tag there is 

```js
type="button" aria-haspopup="true
```

###Also, in the dropdown content

```html
<div class="absolute right-0 w-56 mt-2 origin-top-right bg-white divide-y divide-gray-100 rounded-md shadow-lg ring-1 ring-black ring-opacity-5 focus:outline-none"
     aria-labelledby="headlessui-menu-button-1" id="headlessui-menu-items-10" role="menu" tabindex="0">
    <div class="px-1 py-1 " role="none">
        <button class="text-gray-900 group flex rounded-md items-center w-full px-2 py-2 text-sm" id="headlessui-menu-item-11" role="menuitem"
                tabindex="-1">
            <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-2" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                <path d="M4 13V16H7L16 7L13 4L4 13Z" fill="#EDE9FE" stroke="#A78BFA" stroke-width="2"></path>
            </svg>
            Edit
        </button>
        <button class="text-gray-900 group flex rounded-md items-center w-full px-2 py-2 text-sm" id="headlessui-menu-item-12" role="menuitem"
                tabindex="-1">
            <svg class="w-5 h-5 mr-2" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
                <path d="M4 4H12V12H4V4Z" fill="#EDE9FE" stroke="#A78BFA" stroke-width="2"></path>
                <path d="M8 8H16V16H8V8Z" fill="#EDE9FE" stroke="#A78BFA" stroke-width="2"></path>
            </svg>
            Duplicate
        </button>
    </div>
</div>
```

###Breaking down the code:

In the dropdown content block we have,

```js
<div class="..." aria-labelledby="headlessui-menu-button-1" id="headlessui-menu-items-10" role="menu" tabindex="0">...</div>
```

And its children div structure has

```js
<div class="..." role="none">
        <button class="..." id="headlessui-menu-item-11" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1">...</button>
</div>

```

---

##Final Accessibility notes

**1. Focus management**
Clicking the `Menu.Button` toggles the menu and focuses on the `Menu.Items` component. Focus is trapped within the open menu until Escape is pressed or the user clicks outside the menu. Closing the menu returns focus to the `Menu.Button`.

**2. Mouse interaction**
Clicking a `Menu.Button` toggles the menu. Clicking anywhere outside of an open menu will close that menu.

**3. Keyboard interaction**
![Keyboard Interaction](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/54ym4fs20gty20657zp4.png)

**4. Other**
All relevant ARIA attributes are automatically managed.
For a full reference on all accessibility features implemented in Menu, see [the ARIA spec on Menu Buttons](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices-1.2/#menubutton).

---

##Reference

Please check out https://headlessui.dev/react/menu for more details as all the information and the example of the code are explained better in the docs.

---

##Conclusion
👏👏 Definitely, https://headlessui.dev/ is my first choice for any React or VueJs project. I suggest you give it a try on your project and enjoy it!.

I have been writing tailwindcss classes from the beginning of their development. And I am amazed at how this framework has evolved. Many Thanks to [Adam Wathan](https://twitter.com/adamwathan) and [Steve Schoger](https://twitter.com/steveschoger) for developing the awesome products. Make sure you guys follow them.

Feel free to share your thoughts and opinions and leave me a comment if you have any problems or questions.

Till then,
Keep on Hacking, Cheers