Authentication with credentials using Next-Auth and MongoDB - Part 1
Tags: nextjs, mongodb, react, tutorial
Published: 2021-07-13 15:32:35

Authentication can be a bit sketchy sometimes as we have to keep so much in mind, like session management, protecting several routes/pages, hashing passwords, validating user's credentials during sign-up and sign-in. Also, creating an authentication from scratch can be a lot of work.

If you're working with Next.JS, then you should try using [Next-Auth](https://next-auth.js.org/) as it provides many authentication schemes like JWT, cookie, etc. And also using third-party authentication providers like Google, Facebook, and (yes!) even with Discord.

Also, next-auth helps in session management so that the server can't be tricked easily.

Providers aside, we will be looking into setting up authentication based on users' credentials like email and password.

## Things to consider during authentication

1. Client form validation
2. Server form value validation
3. Hashing users' passwords during sign-up for the obvious reason
4. Storing into a database
5. Checking of the hashed password during sign-in
6. Protecting routes for the non-authenticated user
7. Proper error handling for both frontend and backend

## Packages we need

I am using Next.js as the framework for the demonstration.

### Along with that

* **next-auth** for authentication
* **bycryptjs** for hashing the passwords
* **mongodb** for MongoDB functions

_**NOTE**_ 

This is not a frontend tutorial so I'll not be covering any notifications on successful events and/or CSS stuff.

## Website scaffolding

The website is very simple consisting of 4 pages and obviously a navbar for better demonstration:

* Homepage

![Homepage](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7rb0mvdq1zitarwmp8l1.png)

* Sign In / Sign Up page

![Sign In / Sign Up page](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/mrk75irq9a4gx8gvhbqy.png)

* Change password page

![Change password page](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/pntre9injcpyzhbs4fmf.png)

## Install packages and setting up database

```
npm i next-auth mongodb bcryptjs
```

During install, we will sign up for a free MongoDB account on their website.

Now, we can connect to that database using the connect code from their dashboard. We should use the MongoURL from inside of a `.env.local` file for more refined and secure code.

## Sign Up Route

Before sign-in, users need to signup for that particular website. NextJS provides us to write API codes in the `pages/api` folder using the NodeJS environment. It will also follow the same folder-structured route.

For the sign-up route, we will create a route `pages/api/auth/signup.js`. We also need to make sure that only the **POST** method is accepted and nothing else.

### Things to do in the signup route

* Get users credentials
* Validate
* Send error code if any
* Connect to database
* Check if any existing user is present with the same email address
* Hash password using bycrypt js

bycrypt js returns a **Promise** during hashing of password so we need to **await** for the response.

```js
password: await hash(password, 12)
//hash(plain text, no. of salting rounds)
```

* If all goes well, send a response and close connection with the database

```js
import { MongoClient } from 'mongodb';
import { hash } from 'bcryptjs';
async function handler(req, res) {
	//Only POST mothod is accepted
	if (req.method === 'POST') {
		//Getting email and password from body
		const { email, password } = req.body;
		//Validate
		if (!email || !email.includes('@') || !password) {
			res.status(422).json({ message: 'Invalid Data' });
			return;
		}
		//Connect with database
		const client = await MongoClient.connect(
			`mongodb+srv://${process.env.MONGO_USER}:${process.env.MONGO_PASS}@${process.env.MONGO_CLUSTER}.n4tnm.mongodb.net/${process.env.MONGO_DB}?retryWrites=true&w=majority`,
			{ useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }
		);
		const db = client.db();
		//Check existing
		const checkExisting = await db
			.collection('users')
			.findOne({ email: email });
		//Send error response if duplicate user is found
		if (checkExisting) {
			res.status(422).json({ message: 'User already exists' });
			client.close();
			return;
		}
		//Hash password
		const status = await db.collection('users').insertOne({
			email,
			password: await hash(password, 12),
		});
		//Send success response
		res.status(201).json({ message: 'User created', ...status });
		//Close DB connection
		client.close();
	} else {
		//Response for other than POST method
		res.status(500).json({ message: 'Route not valid' });
	}
}

export default handler;
```

Now that our signup route is in place, it's time to connect the frontend to the backend.

## Posting Sign Up form

```js
import { signIn } from 'next-auth/client';
//...
const onFormSubmit = async (e) => {
		e.preventDefault();
		//Getting value from useRef()
		const email = emailRef.current.value;
		const password = passwordRef.current.value;
		//Validation
		if (!email || !email.includes('@') || !password) {
			alert('Invalid details');
			return;
		}
		//POST form values
		const res = await fetch('/api/auth/signup', {
			method: 'POST',
			headers: {
				'Content-Type': 'application/json',
			},
			body: JSON.stringify({
				email: email,
				password: password,
			}),
		});
		//Await for data for any desirable next steps
		const data = await res.json();
		console.log(data);
	};
//...
```

With the Sign Up login in place, let's work with the Sign In logic.

## Sign In using Next-Auth

Next-Auth provides us with **Client API** as well as **REST API**

> The [NextAuth.js client](https://next-auth.js.org/getting-started/client) library makes it easy to interact with sessions from React applications.

> NextAuth.js exposes a [REST API](https://next-auth.js.org/getting-started/rest-api) which is used by the NextAuth.js client.

We will use both for signing in the users.

> To add NextAuth.js to a project create a file called `[...nextauth].js` in `pages/api/auth`.

> All requests to `/api/auth/*` (signin, callback, signout, etc) will automatically be handed by NextAuth.js.

With this help from next-auth, we need to implement our own sign-in logic for checking users stored on the database.

### Things to do in the sign-in route:

* Configure to use JWT
* Specify provider from next-auth (Credentials)

For more providers, [check](https://next-auth.js.org/configuration/providers)

* Connect to database
* Check if the user is present
* Send error response if any
* Compare hashed password with the password stored on DB
* Send response
* Close DB connection

In `[...nextauth].js`:

```js
import NextAuth from 'next-auth';
import Providers from 'next-auth/providers';
import { MongoClient } from 'mongodb';
import { compare } from 'bcryptjs';

export default NextAuth({
	//Configure JWT
	session: {
		jwt: true,
	},
	//Specify Provider
	providers: [
		Providers.Credentials({
			async authorize(credentials) {
				//Connect to DB
				const client = await MongoClient.connect(
					`mongodb+srv://${process.env.MONGO_USER}:${process.env.MONGO_PASS}@${process.env.MONGO_CLUSTER}.n4tnm.mongodb.net/${process.env.MONGO_DB}?retryWrites=true&w=majority`,
					{ useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true }
				);
				//Get all the users
				const users = await client.db().collection('users');
				//Find user with the email	
				const result = await users.findOne({
					email: credentials.email,
				});
				//Not found - send error res
				if (!result) {
					client.close();
					throw new Error('No user found with the email');
				}
				//Check hased password with DB password
				const checkPassword = await compare(credentials.passowrd, result.passowrd);
				//Incorrect password - send response
				if (!checkPassword) {
					client.close();
					throw new Error('Password doesnt match');
				}
				//Else send success response
				client.close();
				return { email: result.email };
			},
		}),
	],
});
```