Part 7: Arrays
Tags: cpp, beginners, programming
Published: 2021-12-16 09:57:00

Hey folks, welcome to the 7th part of my series, C++: Explain like I’m five. In the last part, we discussed functions and their types. It is time to move on to Arrays.

So without further ado, let's get started.

## **Arrays**

Sometimes a normal variable is not enough to hold the amount of data we want to store. For example, if we want to store the marks of 100 students, having 100 different variables for this task is not feasible. But what we can do is to define an array with a size 100 that can hold the marks of all students. Therefore we can say that arrays are a special data type that has a name, data type, and size. Moreover, they occupy contiguous areas in memory. 

### **Declaration of Arrays**

You can declare arrays in the following ways:

**Method 1:**

```
int arr[5];
arr[0] = 1;
arr[1] = 2;
arr[2] = 3;
arr[3] = 4;
arr[4] = 5;
``` 
**Method 2:**

```
int arr[5] = {10, 29, 3, 40, 5};
``` 
**Method 3:**

```
int arr[ ] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
``` 
### **Accessing the elements of an array**

Array index starts with 0. This means that the first array element is at index 0 so the second one will be at index 1and so on. We can display all the elements of an array by using the index number information but that is not recommended. The use of loops is much more ideal for this task just like in the example below.

**Example:**

```
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int i;
	int z[10];
	cout<<"Enter elements in array z: "<<endl;
	for(i=0; i<10;i++){
		cin>>z[i];
	}
	
	cout<<"Entered elements in ascending order are: "<<endl;
	for(i=0; i <= 10;i++){
		cout<<z[i]<<endl;
	}

	return 0;
}

``` 

Run this code by yourself and take a look at the output. It's quite useful and interesting, isn't it?

## **Multidimensional Arrays**

In simple words, they are known as arrays of arrays.

**Syntax:**

Declaring a two-dimensional array:

```
int arr[4][5];
``` 
This array has total 4*5 = 20 elements.

Declaring a three-dimensional array:

```
int arr[3][3][3];
``` 
This array has total 3*3*3 = 27 elements.

### **Two-dimensional array**

We saw how to declare a 2D array above so now, let's look at how to access the elements of the array.

**arr[0][0] – 1st element**

**arr[0][1] – 2nd element**

**arr[0][2] – 3rd element**

**arr[1][0] – 4th element**

Since we know the basics, to deepen our understanding, let's take a look at an example.

**Example:**


```
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
  
int main()
{
    int x[3][2] = {{0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5}};
  
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        {
            cout << "Element at x[" << i
                 << "][" << j << "]: ";
            cout << x[i][j]<<endl;
        }
    }
  
    return 0;
}
``` 
**Output:**

```
Element at x[0][0]: 0
Element at x[0][1]: 1
Element at x[1][0]: 2
Element at x[1][1]: 3
Element at x[2][0]: 4
Element at x[2][1]: 5
``` 
### **Three-dimensional arrays**

Three-dimensional arrays are just like 2D ones, but as the name suggests have 3 dimensions.

**Example:**


```
// C++ program to print elements of Three-Dimensional
// Array
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	// initializing the 3-dimensional array
	int x[2][3][2] =
	{
		{ {0,1}, {2,3}, {4,5} },
		{ {6,7}, {8,9}, {10,11} }
	};

	// output each element's value
	for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
		{
			for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k)
			{
				cout << "Element at x[" << i << "][" << j
					<< "][" << k << "] = " << x[i][j][k]
					<< endl;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
``` 

**Output:**

```
Element at x[0][0][0] = 0
Element at x[0][0][1] = 1
Element at x[0][1][0] = 2
Element at x[0][1][1] = 3
Element at x[0][2][0] = 4
Element at x[0][2][1] = 5
Element at x[1][0][0] = 6
Element at x[1][0][1] = 7
Element at x[1][1][0] = 8
Element at x[1][1][1] = 9
Element at x[1][2][0] = 10
Element at x[1][2][1] = 11
``` 

Well, that's all for today. Understanding arrays is quite easy. Just remember to practice some array questions like multiplying, adding, or subtracting matrices. In the next part, we will cover strings and structs so stay tuned :)

**Note:** To see the examples of some basic C++ programs, take a look at my github repo  [here](https://github.com/AyeshaSahar/Cpp) 

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