Database and their types
Published: 2021-12-23 17:49:25

A database is an organized collection of structured information, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system. A database is usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS).
 
Databases allow multiple users at the same time to quickly and securely access and query the data using highly complex logic and language.

The best database for a specific organization depends on how the organization intends to use the data.


Based on relation, there are two types of databases: 

Relational &
Non-Relational. 

Based on the use of data, There are many different types of databases. They are: 

Relational databases
Object-oriented databases
Distributed databases
Data warehouses
NoSQL databases
Graph databases
Open-source databases
Cloud databases
Multimodel database
Document/JSON database
Self-driving databases


Relational databases

Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. Items in a relational database are organized as a set of tables with columns and rows. Relational database technology provides the most efficient and flexible way to access structured information.
Object-oriented databases

Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the form of objects, as in object-oriented programming.

Distributed databases

A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different sites. The database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location, or scattered over different networks.

Data warehouses

A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database specifically designed for fast query and analysis.

NoSQL databases

A NoSQL, or nonrelational database, allows unstructured and semistructured data to be stored and manipulated (in contrast to a relational database, which defines how all data inserted into the database must be composed). NoSQL databases grew popular as web applications became more common and more complex.

NoSQL Database is a non-relational Data Management System, that does not require a fixed schema. It avoids joins and is easy to scale. The major purpose of using a NoSQL database is for distributed data stores with humongous data storage needs. 

NoSQL is used for Big data and real-time web apps. 

For example, companies like Twitter, Facebook and Google collect terabytes of user data every single day.

NoSQL databases came about as a response to the growth of the internet and the need for faster speed and processing of unstructured data. 

NoSQL database stands for “Not Only SQL” or “Not SQL.” Though a better term would be “NoREL”, NoSQL caught on. Carl Strozz introduced the NoSQL concept in 1998.



Graph databases

A graph database stores data in terms of entities and the relationships between entities.

OLTP databases. An OLTP database is a speedy, analytic database designed for large numbers of transactions performed by multiple users.

These are only a few of the several dozen types of databases in use today. Other, less common databases are tailored to very specific scientific, financial, or other functions. In addition to the different database types, changes in technology development approaches and dramatic advances such as the cloud and automation are propelling databases in entirely new directions. Some of the latest databases include

Open-source databases

An open-source database system is one whose source code is open-source; such databases could be SQL or NoSQL databases.



Cloud databases

A cloud database is a collection of data, either structured or unstructured, that resides on a private, public, or hybrid cloud computing platform. There are two types of cloud database models: traditional and database as a service (DBaaS). With DBaaS, administrative tasks and maintenance are performed by a service provider.

Multimodel database

Multimodel databases combine different types of database models into a single, integrated back end. This means they can accommodate various data types.

Document/JSON database

Designed for storing, retrieving, and managing document-oriented information, document databases are a modern way to store data in JSON format rather than rows and columns.

Self-driving databases

The newest and most groundbreaking type of database, self-driving databases (also known as autonomous databases) are cloud-based and use machine learning to automate database tuning, security, backups, updates, and other routine management tasks traditionally performed by database administrators.