Web design principles with examples
Tags: webdev, beginners, design
Published: 2021-11-29 18:14:46

When people visit your website, the first thing they feel is the design. Even if your website has great functionality, poor design can make those functionalities worthless. So in this blog, I will introduce a few web design principles and their history. I will also share some resources that can help you to design your website.

## Let's get started

## 1. Colour
Choosing the right colour is very important and you can't just choose your favourite colour. 
A colourful website does not mean using all the different colours, be consistent and choose a single colour as your theme colour. When picking colours think about the mood of your colour palette.

*<u>The five moods of colour </u>*

### - Red 
Red resembles **Love**, **Energy** and **Intensity**. It is the most powerful, strongest and brightest in the colour wheel. The red theme is mostly used in e-commerce, entertainment and fashion websites.
With great power comes great responsibility - using too much red creates a negative impression on your design. Also, red is not suitable for nature-related websites.
Examples:

![red themed websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/uzw1y8ssa4mxbh5rjffp.gif)

### - Yellow
Yellow is for **Joy**, **Intellect** and **Attention**. You should be careful with yellow because using bright yellow as background can hurt user eyes especially when your website needs to be used for a long time. Yellow is great for headings, logos, buttons, etc. So to sum up, if your website is something that users need to spend more time then yellow is not the best choice.

Good examples of yellow themed websites:
![yellow themed websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/05vcal641ypyvt4aho7o.gif)

### - Green
Green is about **Freshness**, **Safety** and **Growth**. That's why most grocery, nutrition, organic products companies use a green colour palette. That's how they convey the freshness of their products digitally. So if your website is food or nature related, then green is your choice.

Here are some examples:
![green themed websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/89spmp6n566oiuz7zmii.gif)

### - Blue
Blue - **Stability**, **Trust**, and **Serenity**. Now you know why most of the financial companies, cryptocurrency companies websites are blue. Also some major social media sites like [Twitter](https://twitter.com/rakesh_at_tweet), LinkedIn are blue themed because they make people feel safe, trust and positive using their platform. So use social media to spread positivity 😉.

Examples:
![blue themed websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kaz0xrb08m07ibhw3w86.gif)

### - Purple
Finally purple, purple show **Royalty**, **Wealth** and **Femininity**. The words say it all. So the websites which are targeted at women will more likely use purple.

Examples:
![purple themed websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/lxr8aiojcp5ocngimj95.gif)

Hence, depending upon what message you want to convey to users through your website choose the right colour.
Of course, you don't just use a single colour throughout your website, so use these two tools to combine colours matching your theme colour.
1. [Adobe Color](https://color.adobe.com/create/color-wheel)
2. [Color Hunt](https://colorhunt.co)

---

## 2. Typography
Typography is another important part of a website. I saw so many websites fail at choosing the font. If your website has more reading content then font really matters. Let's see some history about fonts.
There are two large font families.

### - Serif
![F](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ipo4gzd4qc0h5425eaa7.jpg)

Serif font is inspired by olden days marble carvings. It is hard to carve 90-degree angles, so that's why serif font has triangle type curvature. Serif typeface makes you feel serious, authoritative and old. Serif has many sub-types like old-style, transitional and modern. 

![E](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/auaqgnpec6uy32zuaypr.jpg)

Like colours fonts also have moods.
Now serif font is seen as **Traditional**, **Stable** and **Respectable**.

VOGUE is the best example of a serif typeface.
![vogue](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5sa917z17j24st9xdnq1.jpg)

### - Sans Serif
![sans f](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/6wht6ktsllm5o0rqe9ww.jpg)

Sans serif is **Sensible**, **Simple** and **Straightforward**. Sans serif has perfect right angles. Most startups tend to use sans serif typeface. You can use sans serif for body text because it makes the text more readable.

Tip-1 💡: When choosing fonts don't choose more than two different fonts.
Tip-2 💡: Avoid using these fonts - **comic sans**, **kristen**, **curlz**, **viner** and **papyrus**. These fonts are difficult to read and are only for fun.

Before deciding on a font family, go through [cssfontstack](https://www.cssfontstack.com) to know which fonts are safe to use.

---

## 3. User Interface (UI)
After learning about colour theory and typography, the next thing you need to know about is User Interface design. UI is about how you use and arrange things on your website. There are five factors of UI - **1.Hierarchy**, **2.Layout**, **3.Alignment** **4.Whitespace** and **5.Audience**. Let's understand these factors with examples.

### - Hierarchy
A quick example of text hierarchy:

![text hierarchy example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/t8e24eiiq7sukhp05qa5.png)

Here the main thing is whose certificate is that and for that left one is more appropriate. Users may not have time to read all the text, for that highlight the most important information first hierarchically.

Example for colour hierarchy:

![color hierarchy example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/62dwyq11s4psv5xbikku.png)

See the spots highlighted by green boxes. These are the things most people consider about a product, right? So that is a colour hierarchy. Use colour cleverly to highlight the things that need to attract the users.

Example for size hierarchy:

![size hierarchy example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8nx5xybkyw8hvnokd6wa.png)

Now see this Netflix signup page. Here 1 > 2 > 3 in size. The first thing they want to show visitors is what Netflix is about. The second preferred thing is they want your email. And the third thing is small compared to the other two because they don't consider it that much.

### - Layout
The layout is about how you arrange your website elements. Don't be so bland by putting everything in the same place as Wikipedia. Separate elements into different parts. If there is so much text, cut each line to 60 characters. 

![layout example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/z7cuuoz9zama73x1vehq.gif)

Check this out - [csslayout](https://csslayout.io)

### - Alignment
Alignment is about how you position an element relative to other elements.

See this example:

![alignment example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/0ndzp9dlz8m974e3ziem.gif)

Got the difference? Even both websites have the same content just alignment of different elements makes big difference.

### - Whitespace
Whitespace refers to space around elements.

![whitespace example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/vcte0vsmilzw8vrqkwea.gif)

### - Audience
Yes, audience is a factor of UI. Know your target audience, design for your audience. For example, the theme for **YouTube** and **YouTube kids** is different.

![audience example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ulee23axj8t8ecfr38av.gif)

All the games websites theme is completely different from other websites.

![games websites](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/9vchqn84r6bt4i84oo3t.gif)

---

## 4. User Experience (UX)
Let's move on to UX. Until now we tried to attract users, now we need to impress the user. While UI attracts the user, UX makes the user comfortable using your website. Again, there are five factors you need to consider in UX - **1.Simplicity**, **2.Consistency**, **3.Reading Patterns**, **4. All platform design** and **5. Dark Patterns**

### - Simplicity
Too much content at the same place brings headaches to the users as they can't understand where to look. Keep things simple by arranging and reducing the content. Simple is beautiful. Amazon website has bad UI and UX(If you know the reason comment below), but there are so many e-commerce websites with simple designs.
 
### - Consistency
Consistency makes your website easy to understand and easy to navigate, especially if your website is used by non-tech people or kids or old people. 

### - Reading Patterns
Reading patterns refers to how a user looks at your website. There are some layouts called Z-layout, F-layout etc.., which can be used to design the layout of your elements.

#### F-Layout
In the f-layout important content will be on the left side.
See this example,

![f-layout example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/sdmjuak824fop9g50t4g.jpg)

#### Z-Layout
Z-Layout includes logo(1), signup button(2) or something like that, some text(3) and call to action button(4).

![z-layout example](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/3ofpfcrlzb47f9c3zxvj.jpg)

### - All platform design
At the end of the day, you don't just create a website for desktops only, it needs to be responsive among different devices.

### - Avoid dark patterns
Dark patterns refer to actions that trick the user for the benefit of the company. You may get short term benefits, but you will fail in the long run.

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So, if you follow these principles, then you can make a great design.
![great](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/rc4hli4014g008j02b51.gif)

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What other principles would you consider for a good web design? 
Comment below 👇

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## ⚒️Tool of the week⚒️
[CODELF](https://unbug.github.io/codelf/)
Thinking too much to name variables and functions?😂
Then this tool is for you!

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Hope this helps you!
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