Cloud Pricing Comparison: AWS vs. Azure vs. Google Cloud Platform in 2022
Tags: cloud, azure, aws, devops
Published: 2022-05-06 09:21:09

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<p>If you’re considering moving to the public cloud or optimizing the choice for your next project, picking between AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform can be a daunting task.</p>
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<p>They all offer flexible compute, storage, and networking combined with everything engineers love about the cloud: self-service, instant provisioning, and autoscaling.&nbsp;</p>
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<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-style-plain"><p><strong>But each provider differs in key areas that may have a massive impact on your cloud bill.&nbsp;</strong></p></blockquote>
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<p>Selecting one vendor over another comes down to knowing what your teams, applications, and workloads need. You need to fully understand your requirements before exploring the cloud landscape.</p>
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<p>This article covers storage and compute pricing across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud to show you the nuanced differences between these providers.&nbsp;</p>
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<h2>Cloud landscape today: What are the unique strengths of AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform?</h2>
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<h3>AWS</h3>
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<p>Companies choose to build their applications on AWS because of its breadth and depth of services. The rich array of tools, including databases, analytics, management, IoT, security, and enterprise applications, makes AWS the right solution for many teams. No wonder AWS has the most significant slice of the cloud market.</p>
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<h3>Azure</h3>
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<p>According to the <a href="https://info.flexera.com/CM-REPORT-State-of-the-Cloud">Flexera 2022 State of the Cloud Report</a>, Azure has slightly surpassed AWS in the percentage of enterprises using it (80% Azure vs. 77% AWS).</p>
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<p>Azure also offers various services for enterprises, and Microsoft’s longstanding relationship with this segment makes it an easy choice for some customers. Azure, Office 365, and Microsoft Teams enable organizations to provide employees with enterprise software while also leveraging cloud computing resources.&nbsp;</p>
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<h3>Google Cloud Platform</h3>
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<p>Azure and AWS have strong machine learning capabilities. But Google Cloud Platform stands out thanks to its almost limitless internal research and expertise – the magic that has been powering the search engine giant throughout the years.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>What makes GCP different is its role in developing various open source technologies. We’re talking especially about containers and Google’s central role in building Kubernetes for orchestration and Istio service mesh, today practically industry-standard technologies.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Google’s culture of innovation lends itself really well to startups and companies that prioritize such approaches and technologies.</p>
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<h2>Billing in AWS vs. Azure vs. Google Cloud Platform</h2>
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<p>In addition to per-minute billing, AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud support per-second billing for various services. AWS first introduced per-second billing in 2017 for EC2 Linux-based instances and EBS volumes - but today, it applies to many other services.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Per-second billing works with a minimum 60-second limit in AWS. Azure allows per-second charges on its cloud platform, but this billing model isn’t available for all instances - mostly container-based ones.&nbsp;</p>
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<p><a href="https://cast.ai/blog/tag/googlecloud/">Google Cloud</a> followed AWS in the introduction of per-second billing and now offers it for more than just instances based on Linux. This form of billing applies to all VM-based instances.</p>
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<h2>Cloud storage pricing comparison</h2>
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<p>How do these major cloud providers differ in terms of storage pricing?&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Here’s a comparison of prices in similar regions: AWS US East (Northern Virginia), Azure East US, and Northern Virginia (us-east4) in Google Cloud Platform.</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Storage</strong><strong>(GB/Month)</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Amazon S3</strong></td><td>$0.023&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.021&nbsp;</mark></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>$0.023</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<p>It’s clear that these three cloud giants compete closely with one another and have set similar price ranges for storage services, with Azure standing out as the most cost-effective alternative. However, be sure to check out other cost dimensions such as data transfer or operations charges before picking the storage service.</p>
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<p><strong>Also, pay attention to the provider’s approach to pricing changes.</strong></p>
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<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-style-plain"><p>Google Cloud Platform recently introduced <a href="https://cast.ai/blog/when-does-inflation-hit-cloud-prices-and-what-can-you-do-about-it/">significant price increases</a> across various core services around storage. Price hikes may affect other services and cloud providers considering the current challenges like inflation rates running high around the world and supply chain issues.&nbsp;</p></blockquote>
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<h2>Compute pricing comparison</h2>
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<p>Compute often ends up racking up a cloud bill, but it also presents the greatest opportunity for cost optimization.</p>
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<p>We prepared this case study to show the incredible impact optimizing compute costs can have on your bottom line.</p>
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<h3>Comparing cloud pricing – our example setup</h3>
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<p>To understand the pricing differences better, we’re going to compare virtual machines within similar regions and with the same operating system.</p>
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<p>The services analyzed are:</p>
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<ul><li>AWS - Amazon EC2.</li><li>Azure - Virtual Machines.</li><li>Google Cloud Platform - Compute Engine.&nbsp;</li></ul>
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<p>Our example setup:</p>
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<ul><li>Region: AWS US East (Northern Virginia), Azure East US, and Northern Virginia (us-east4) in Google Cloud Platform.</li><li>Operating System: Linux.&nbsp;</li><li>vCPUs: 4.</li></ul>
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<p>Types of instances/VMs we will analyze:</p>
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<ul><li>General purpose.</li><li>Compute optimized.</li></ul>
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<p>We picked instances with four vCPUs and similar RAM (the only exception is the compute optimized machine from Google Cloud Platform).&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Here are the instances/VMs we selected for our cloud pricing comparison:</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>vCPU</strong></td><td><strong>RAM (GB)</strong></td></tr><tr><td>AWS general purpose</td><td>t4g.xlarge</td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>AWS&nbsp;compute optimized</td><td>c6a.xlarge</td><td>4</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Azure general purpose</td><td>B4ms</td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Azure&nbsp;compute optimized</td><td>F4s v2</td><td>4</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Google Cloud Platform general purpose</td><td>e2-standard-4</td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr><tr><td>Google Cloud Platform&nbsp;compute optimized</td><td>c2-standard-4</td><td>4</td><td>16</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h2>AWS vs. Azure vs. Google Cloud Platform: Comparing On-Demand pricing&nbsp;</h2>
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<p>Here’s the hourly On-Demand pricing of each of these virtual machines across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform.</p>
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<h3>Cloud pricing based on On-Demand rates</h3>
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<h4><strong>General purpose</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>t4g.xlarge</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.1344</mark></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>B4ms</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.166</mark></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>e2-standard-4</td><td>$0.150924</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h4><strong>Compute optimized</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>c6a.xlarge</td><td>$0.153</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>F4s v2</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.0846</mark></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>c2-standard-4</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.2351</mark></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h4><strong>Takeaways:</strong></h4>
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<ul><li>While Azure is the most expensive choice for general purpose instances, it’s the most cost-effective alternative to compute optimized instances.</li><li>Google Cloud Platform offers the highest price for compute optimized instances, but this machine has double the RAM of alternatives from AWS and Azure.&nbsp;</li></ul>
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<h3>A note about chips and processors&nbsp;</h3>
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<p>Providers roll out virtual machines with different hardware and performance characteristics. As a result, you might end up with an instance type that provides strong (and expensive!) performance your teams don’t actually need.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>Benchmarking is one way to see what you’re really paying for: you can run the same workload on each machine and check its performance characteristics.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>This approach might help you discover something interesting, just like we did. The chart below shows CPU operation in AWS (t2.2xlarge with eight virtual cores) at varying times after several idle periods. Would you expect such unpredictable CPU behavior within a single cloud provider?</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/SFbqwY2Unw1Gh-kFE2SVndJplapsbPeWwFCC3m_B8vetkQ5xvWXJbXrqJBrRL_iIAUx85MPn108hR6D59eu5DILsaZfyKwZBZN9cS5sl9gb_fp19XZaLWNhNSY-09XrBivpxoSkq" alt="AWS CPU behavior"/></figure>
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<p>Source: CAST AI</p>
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<p>The <a href="https://resources.cockroachlabs.com/guides/2021-cloud-report">2021 Cloud Report from CockroachLabs</a> used this method to evaluate 54 AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud machines. They ran over 1000 microbenchmark tests to evaluate metrics such as CPU, network, storage, and TPC-C performance.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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<p>One of their conclusions was that Google performs better than AWS and Azure. GCP instances achieved the best single-core CPU performance and the greatest throughput at every level. While Google’s general purpose machines achieved the highest level of raw throughput, they were also the least cost-efficient option.</p>
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<h2>AWS vs. Azure vs. Google Cloud: Comparing discounted pricing with a 1-year upfront commitment</h2>
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<p>All three providers offer price discounts if you commit to using them for at least one year. This pricing model is called Reserved Instances in AWS, Reserved Savings in Azure, and Committed use discounts in Google Cloud.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>The following tables compare the discounted pricing among AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud with a one-year commitment period with an all upfront payment.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
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<h3>Cloud pricing with a 1-year commitment</h3>
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<h4><strong>General purpose</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left"><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td><td><strong>Discount</strong></td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left"><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>t4g.xlarge</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.079</mark></td><td>41%</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left"><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>B4ms</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.0974</mark></td><td>41%</td></tr><tr><td class="has-text-align-left" data-align="left"><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>e2-standard-4</td><td>$0.095092</td><td>63%</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h4><strong>Compute optimized</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td><td><strong>Discount</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>c6a.xlarge</td><td>$0.094</td><td>38%</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>F4s v2</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.10</mark></td><td>41%</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>c2-standard-4</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.13156</mark></td><td>63%</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h4><strong>Takeaways:&nbsp;</strong></h4>
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<ul><li>The general-purpose instances with a 1-year commitment get a similar discount rate in AWS and Azure. Still, AWS offers a cheaper alternative.</li><li>In both general purpose and compute optimized instances, Google Cloud Platform offers the greatest discounts - still, it’s not the cheapest option. Note: the compute optimized GCP instance we picked has 16 GB RAM, not 8 GB like the other instances.</li></ul>
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<p>Take a look here if you’re unsure how Reserved Instances work and whether they really bring discounts: <a href="https://cast.ai/blog/do-aws-reserved-instances-and-savings-plans-really-reduce-costs/">Do AWS Reserved Instances and Savings Plans really reduce costs?</a></p>
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<h2>Here’s how CPU bursting can drive your costs down&nbsp;</h2>
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<p>All cloud providers in question offer burstable performance instances. These instances offer you a baseline level of CPU performance with the option to burst to a higher level whenever your workload requires that.</p>
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<blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-style-plain"><p>Burstable performance instances are suitable for low-latency interactive applications, microservices, small and medium databases, or product prototypes.</p></blockquote>
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<p>Our research into AWS burstable instances showed that if you load your instance for<strong> 4 hours or more per day </strong>on average, it’s better pick a non-burstable one for cost-effectiveness. However, if you run an e-commerce business that may receive a large stream of visitors once in a while, a burstable instance is often a good match.</p>
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<h2>AWS vs. Azure vs. Google Cloud: Comparing Spot Instances/Preemptible VMs</h2>
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<p>Another way to snatch some discounts and reduce your cloud bill is to take advantage of capacity that’s currently not being used by anyone else. Cloud providers sell excess capacity at incredible discounts. AWS Spot instances offer up to 90% off the On-Demand rates, Preemptible VMs in Google can be even 80% cheaper than regular ones.</p>
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<p>Here’s a quick overview of the potential savings you can get for these instances in the US East (Northern Virginia) region:</p>
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<h3>Cloud pricing with Spot Instances/Preemptible VMs</h3>
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<h4><strong>General purpose</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td><td><strong>Discount</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>t4g.xlarge</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.0403</mark></td><td>~30%</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>A4 v2*</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.0638</mark></td><td>~67%</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>e2-standard-4</td><td>$0.045272</td><td>~30%</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption>*Note that we changed the machine type to a similar one with 4 vCPU and 8 GB RAM. Why? Because Azure’s machines in Bs-series aren’t available as spot instances!</figcaption></figure>
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<h4><strong>Compute optimized</strong></h4>
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<figure class="wp-block-table"><table class="has-cast-green-light-background-color has-background"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cloud provider</strong></td><td><strong>Instance type</strong></td><td><strong>Price</strong></td><td><strong>Discount</strong></td></tr><tr><td><strong>AWS</strong></td><td>c6a.xlarge</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-red-color">$0.068</mark></td><td>44%</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Azure</strong></td><td>F4s v2</td><td><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-cast-green-hover-color">$0.0259</mark></td><td>~85%&nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td><strong>Google Cloud Platform</strong></td><td>c2-standard-4</td><td>$0.0505</td><td>24%</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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<h4>Takeaways:</h4>
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<ul><li>There’s no denying that Azure offers the greatest discounts for both general purpose and compute optimized instances. The pricing of the compute optimized F4s v2 is very attractive.</li><li>Google Cloud Platform doesn’t offer such impressive discounts - in both cases, we have 30% or less.</li></ul>
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<p>To take advantage of spot instances, you need to ensure that your application can handle interruptions. How? Here’s a step by step guide: <a href="https://cast.ai/blog/how-to-reduce-cloud-costs-by-90-spot-instances-and-how-to-use-them/">Spot Instances: How to reduce AWS, Azure, and GCP costs by 90%</a></p>
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<h2>Optimizing cloud costs is a real-time activity</h2>
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<p>Spot instance prices may be different from one minute to the next. So we once decided to use our own platform to analyze our setup. We looked for the most cost-effective spot instance alternatives for a machine with 8 CPUs and 16 GB.&nbsp;</p>
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<p>CAST AI suggested that we run our workload on an instance called INF1. But this powerful GPU instance would usually cost a lot of money. So, why did CAST AI pick it?&nbsp;</p>
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<p>We checked the pricing and got this:</p>
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<figure class="wp-block-image"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/4OIRHO219skU_5cdYIJN1_S0pXMfu38Zjqb4AQDENo05NwPypDJaxpNA8fdEoQqzGnK2BNZ6TRBBI8Lfe6ONBTT1UWxTXW8MZaKk8kGS8OQTn0-A87aam4KOMQ2i7PzQdVB1z0Tc" alt="Spot instance pricing history"/></figure>
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<p>As it turned out, at that time, INF1 just happened to be cheaper than the usual general purpose instances we used. If we just stuck to our standard practices, we would have never guessed to look in this category and missed out on this incredible gem.</p>
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<h2>That’s why you need automation to optimize cloud costs</h2>
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<p>Even if you outsource the management of your cloud expenses to DevOps or FinOps specialists, you’re probably spending twice as much as you should. It’s high time you took control of your cloud bill with an automated solution.</p>
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<p>CAST AI is a great place to start your path towards cost-cutting if your teams work with Kubernetes. The solution automatically creates and implements tactics for guaranteed savings without any manual and repetitive work for your engineers.</p>
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<p>You can run a free cluster savings report and see the instance type and resource amount CAST AI would automatically implement if it managed your cluster.</p>
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