teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Intro to Operating Systems
Tags: computerscience, tutorial, beginners, linux
Published: 2022-05-23 03:35:35

### What is a computer?

A computer is a device that is used to perform some tasks given to it by a user in a formal format as sequence of instructions.

A computer can be divided into 2 logical parts. They are hardware and software.

- Computer hardware is the set of physical components of the system. It includes devices like monitor, keyboard, mouse etc.
- Computer software is the set of programs (sequence of instructions) stored in and executed by a computer system.

### Software:

There are 2 types of software broadly. They are application software and system software.

- An application software is designed to perform a specific task for the user.
- A system software controls and operates the entire computer system and provides a platform for user to run application software.

### Operating system:

An operating system is a system software which manages all the resources of a computer, both hardware and software, and provides a platform for the user to execute their programs in an efficient and convenient manner.

### Services provided by an operating system:

- Managing the computer hardware.
- Provide the platform to execute application software.
- Act as an interface of the user to interact with the computer hardware.
- Provide ease, convenience and efficiency to the user tasks.

## Terminology:

### Kernel:

A kernel is a part of the operating system which interacts directly with the computer hardware and performs most crucial tasks.

### Micro kernel:

A micro kernel is much smaller in size than a conventional kernel and it supports only the very important (core) functionalities of the operating system.

### Shell:

A shell is a command interpreter which is a part of an operating system that receives commands from the user and gets them executed.

### System call:

Every program run by the user doesn’t contain privileges to interact with the kernel of the OS. This is called user mode. Programs running on user mode can be interrupted by other programs or processes. So, when there are any operations which needs to be done without interruptions, they are run in kernel mode. To run some instructions in kernel mode, the program needs to use system calls. A system call is a mechanism using which a user program can request a service from the kernel for which it doesn’t have the permission to perform.

Process on user mode -> System call -> System call on kernel mode -> next line in user mode

### Booting:

Booting is the process of starting the computer and loading the kernel. Power-on-self-tests (POST) are performed when a computer is turned on. After that a bootstrap loader is executed which resides inside ROM. Bootstrap loader loads the kernel or a more sophisticated loader.
Algo Step 👣👣👣
Published: 2022-05-23 03:07:48

#Crawl before you code? 
We have all heard the term at some point in our lives you have to "Crawl before you walk". 

Well in the case of learning algorithms it almost seems like we are going from walking to running. 🤔🤔🤔

1) When we crawl we start learning the basic of coding.. variables, function, data types...etc

2) We start walking when we learn to put them together by building projects or start with some basic problem solving.  

3) In my case now. I feel like we are starting running a little bit maybe a light jog. As we start to diving deeper into understanding problem solving using algorithms and data structures.

#Lets Jog Together
Let's look at a problems and go though it step by step.

##Step 1 - Understanding the problem  
 
*Given an Array, find the first duplicate value that occurs. If there are no duplicates, return -1.*

This seems pretty simple to understand but to reinforce this rewrite the question in your own words. 

Take the given array and find the first matching pair. If there are no matches return -1. 

The Array: `[1, 5, 3, 10, 2, 5]` 

##Step 2 - Pseudocode a path or solution to how your going to solve the problem. 

Pseudocode is just a step by step outline of your code in plain text. 

*1)Iterate through the array
2)Check the value of the first index and compare it to the rest of the array for a match. 
3)If there is a match output the match. 
4)If no match move on to the next index and compare it to the rest of the array. 
5)Keep going until all values in the array have been checked. 
If not match is found return -1.*

##Step 3 - Code

Code out the solution to the problem and if needed don't be afraid to write out your own test to check if you are getting the results you are looking for. 

```
function findFirstDuplicate(arr) {
  let elementSet = new Set()
  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    if (elementSet.has(arr[i])) return arr[i];
    elementSet.add(arr[i]);
  }
  return -1
}
```
As with anything there is more than one way to do things but as I have started these are the steps I have started taking. 

Hopefully you have found this helpful and as always. 

Happy Coding 👨🏿‍💻👨🏻‍💻🧑🏾‍💻👩‍💻
The best ide is..
Tags: productivity, programming, discuss, vscode
Published: 2022-05-23 02:39:10

Microsoft word. We all know that is the best ide. 

I mean which other IDE let's you code in the best _MT EXTRA_ font in a teal color along with blue highlights and most importantly (and my favorite part) it has the reflection effect

Makes you coding skills, experience and productivity atleast 69 times better.

Source: Trust me bro

<figure>
<img src="https://i.imgur.com/acjjBhv.png" alt="Trulli" style="width:100%">
<figcaption align = "center"><b>What the best coding experince looks like.</b></figcaption>
</figure>
How DKIM Works With Subdomains?
Published: 2022-05-11 02:57:47

![How DKIM Works With Subdomains?](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7zmdadshyy7ph9561zjv.png)
We will go over how DKIM works with subdomains in this article.

#### How DKIM works in the subdomain scenario?

If you want to send an email from a subdomain, like bob@marketing.acmecorp.com, you will need to create a private/public key pair for DKIM, save the private key on the sending server, and publish the public key on the subdomain in the DNS so that it becomes accessible to the receiving server.

Before an email message leaves the sending server, the server uses the private key to generate a signature and insert it into the message along with the DKIM selector used for the signature.

After the receiving server receives the message, it extracts the subdomain and the DKIM selector from the message, uses them to fetch the public key from the DNS, then performs DKIM verification as in the domain scenario.

#### How to publish an DKIM record on a subdomain

Publishing an DKIM record on a subdomain is very similar to that on an organizational domain. All you need is to create a TXT record on that subdomain:

```bash
selector._domainkey.subdomain IN TXT    "v=DKIM1; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQChO2bjcaTip6yeIZ0BDQ70YH+fzqqVeIOztZFQ8kZFqUSDwBhh3aad/3kGH95OQZyXCMv0DmrHa9z99c7p7VnOBtrZ6vkEv84kLabsNL//ABydUbxFT+8SSc0EJxXL6k9S3NEvbL+5rJGjcAtWMJSxj9rOZ79C8AoJEKVnk2m9awIDAQAB"
```

For example, here is how you publish the DKIM record under selector **dkim** on subdomain **mail.dmarcly.com** on CloudFlare:

![publish-dkim-record-on-subdomain-cloudflare](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kwpxnkgahn3jta3cmx67.png)

Related posts:
* [How DMARC Works With Subdomains](https://dmarcly.com/blog/how-dmarc-works-with-subdomains-dmarc-sp-tag)
* [How SPF Works With Subdomains](https://dmarcly.com/blog/how-spf-works-with-subdomains)

Original post: [How DKIM Works With Subdomains?](https://dmarcly.com/blog/how-dkim-works-with-subdomains)
Phase 1 is in the book...
Published: 2022-05-23 02:22:49

So I managed to get everything done for phase 1 (I think).  I'm sure it's not exactly what the instructors want but I turned everything in.  I hate that I always feel so sick to my stomach afterwards.  I also don't understand why I feel this way.

The farther I get into this bootcamp the more I realize that this porbably isn't the right way for me to learn to be a software engineer.  It's being thrown at me too fast and I don't feel like I'm learning anything.  I'm thankful that Amazon is paying for the bootcamp and I'm really trying but considering that over 140 of us started this bootcamp and as of tonight there are 93 of us left at week 12 it's no wonder that my nerves are acting up.

At this point I'm loking at other online bootcamps where I can work at my own pace or in reality a slightly slower pace than I'm running at right now.  Does anyone have any thoughts on a good bootcamp?  I'm looking at Udemy and Scrimba.  A lot of people in the current bootcamp are singing the praises of Scrimba.  I do have to say that the one code along that I did with Scrimba was fun and enlightening.  Whatever I decide to do I will be paying out of pocket as Flatiron used up all of the money that Amazon will pay for one year.....  I really think that the bootcamp should have to give back the remaining money of the months that you can't completel.
Any advice for Google STEP program?
Tags: beginners, programming, javascript, motivation
Published: 2022-05-23 02:11:12

## Who am I? 🤔
Hi guys, my name is Cesar Del Rio, I'm a 17 year old highschool student from Mexico , I specialize in Javascript with React.js 👨🏽‍💻.


## My goal 🎯
I've been investigating about the Google STEP program for first and second year college students, and I'm so excited to apply 💪🏼, I'd be very grateful if you could give me some advice to have more possibility of being selected or telling me a little bit about your experience :)

**Please comment what advice would you give me for this 🙌🏼**


**How can you help?**
[You can support by buying a coffee ☕️](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/cesardlr)
[Follow me on Github ](https://github.com/Cesardlr)
[Follow me on Twitter ](https://twitter.com/cesar__dlr)
Weather App
Published: 2022-05-23 01:55:55

So this is going to be my first technical blog.  I created a simple weather app that is supposed to show the weather in a city that is entered into the search bar.  I'm still struggling with the JavaScript and am not sure _why_ the app isn't working the way I'm expecting it to.

I set up a fetchWeather call to go to openweathermap.org to get the weather.  However, it's not fetching the weather.  I've tried using the link that was provided and entering the API key but I've not had any luck with it.  I'm not giving up or admitting defeat just acknowledging that I'm not sure how to get it to work.

The thing that does work is the HTML and CSS.  I also got the greatest feeling of accomplishment from those once the app was "done". The "A-hah!" moments with each change was amazing.  Figuring out which font to use and as well as background and colors, shapes and sizes was fun.  Being able to see the changes in real time helped with those "A-hah!" moments.

While I can't say that I've enjoyed the JavaScript portion on the app I can definitely say I have enjoyed the HTML and CSS portions.
VsCode Debug RUST
Tags: vscode, rust, programming
Published: 2022-05-23 01:47:34


This guide is intended to explain how to use the VSCode LLDB debugger with RUST.

Cunningham's Law states "the best way to get the right answer on the internet is not to ask a question; it's to post the wrong answer." The concept is named after Ward Cunningham, the inventor of wiki software.

With the Cunningham spirit in mind, if you know a better way to do this, or other cool stuff I should try please let me know in the comments.

# Resources I used:
* https://github.com/vadimcn/vscode-lldb/blob/master/MANUAL.md#vscode-commands
* https://vscode-docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/editor/debugging/




CodeLLDB natively supports visualization of most common Rust data types:

Built-in types: tuples, enums, arrays, array and string slices.
Standard library types: Vec, String, CString, OSString, Path, Cell, Rc, Arc and more.

Below is a fully functioning launch.json for vscode that works with rust 1.60, inline comments:

```
{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            // 😓 LLDB Help: https://github.com/vadimcn/vscode-lldb/discussions
            "type": "lldb",
            "request": "launch",
            "name": "Debug",

            // 🤓 use this to debug RUST binaries:
            "program": "${workspaceRoot}/target/debug/${workspaceRootFolderName}",

            // 🤓 use cargo for libraries
            /* 
            "cargo": {
                "args": ["test", "--no-run", "--lib"], // Cargo command line to build the debug target
                // "args": ["build", "--bin=foo"] is another possibility
                "filter": { // Filter applied to compilation artifacts (optional)
                    "name": "mylib",
                    "kind": "lib"
                }            
            */
            "args": [],
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "sourceLanguages": ["rust"], // required to add support for Vec, String, enum .. 
            "terminal":"integrated",        // can also be 'console', 'external'

            // 🤓 https://github.com/vadimcn/vscode-lldb/blob/master/MANUAL.md#stdio
            "stdio": null                // connect all streams to default terminal, can also use file(s)

            // "stopOnEntry":true,          // should open an lldb hex/asm dump on start
        ]
}
```
What is Docker?
Tags: docker, devops, cloud, kubernetes
Published: 2022-05-23 01:34:54

What is docker? Before answering this question let me ask you if you have ever faced issues while installing new software on your computer and have spent several hours troubleshooting and setting environment variables for that. If you have, then here is the solution, DOCKER.
Now instead of going into the technicalities of docker, let me give you a real world analogy to help you understand it in a better way. 
![Container on Cargo ship](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/03akrjzbaqyyqjdv13mt.jpg)
In the initial year of transportation everything was transported through the ships and there were some major problems like damaging of goods, slow process of loading and unloading from ships to trucks and vice-versa, missing of some goods and to overcome this problem first time containers were loaded on ship on April 26, 1956. This was a revolutionary technique because now the people just had to load all their respective containers and it was very easy and fast to load on ships and on trucks without missing any goods in the middle of transportation.
![Container on Truck](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/jc90fdu1n477op760hu7.jpg)
This same technique was implemented in Docker, although docker provides many services but here we are mainly focusing on docker containers. 

A docker container is a standard unit of software that packages up code and all its dependencies so the application runs quickly and reliably from one computing environment to another. A Docker container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries and settings.
These containers run in an isolated environment meaning one container process doesn’t interfere another.
<br>
Here is an example of dockerfile:
![Dockerfile Screenshot](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ind9i3qhez916u1fjon5.jpg)
Do you remember the FIRST project made by you?
Tags: discuss, showdev, webdev, programming
Published: 2022-05-23 01:29:16

Do you remember the very first project made by you when you started learning to code in a particular programming language or framework? I always look at my old projects as they show me how long it's been and how far I have been able to come and how much of a better programmer/developer I am than earlier. Why not share your first projects with everyone, don't worry about it not being good, first projects are never the perfect, even if you are a beginner and currently making your first project, I would love to know about them!

I will be posting my first projects in the comment section 👇
Hibernate - @Temporal
Tags: hibernate, java, database
Published: 2022-05-23 01:07:51

## Temporal Annotation
The @**Temporal** is a Hibernate JPA annotation that is used for **java.util.Date** or **java.util.Calendar**. It converts the date and time values into a compatible format when storing or retrieving from a database. When handling temporal data remember to define the expected precision in the database. Temporal data precision can have **DATE**, **TIME**, or **TIMESTAMP**.

## Example
```
@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
@Column(name="DATETIME_COL")
public Date dateAndTime;

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP) 
@Column(name="TIMESTAMP_COL") 
public Date timeStamp;

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE) 
@Column(name="DATE_COL")  
public Date date;

@Temporal(TemporalType.TIME) 
@Column(name="TIME_COL")  
public Date time;
```
The 3 Most Effective Ways to Lose Belly Fat, Based on Science
Published: 2022-05-23 01:06:52

The 3 Most Effective Ways to Lose Belly Fat, Based on Science. Excess belly fat is not just a cosmetic concern that makes your clothes feel tight. Having excess belly fat can negatively impact your health. 

Research suggests too much fat in your belly— visceral fat— can increase your risk of many metabolic diseases. It’s been linked to diseases including heart disease and type diabetes. 

Visceral fat is the type of fat found deep within your abdomen cavity around the organs. 

It’s this proximity to the living organs that makes this type of belly fat that much more hazardous. 

Just from a health standpoint, it is critical to lose belly fat and lower your health risks. 

Though losing this deep belly fat can be difficult, it tends to be stubborn. 

But there are several things you can do to reduce excess belly fat. [Read More](https://www.emon.eu.org/2022/05/the-3-most-effective-ways-to-lose-belly.html)
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What tools do you use?
Tags: discuss, tooling, productivity
Published: 2022-05-23 00:56:22

This is a series leading up to a [Virtual Coffee](https://virtualcoffee.io) Lunch & Learn titled Asking Coding Questions with Bekah, @bekahhw and me, Nick Taylor, happening May 27th.

Part of asking questions is digging in to the problem a bit or a lot depending on your experience level.

Maybe you use tools in the browser like the Network tab, use logging or the debugger of the language you program in for areas of the code that you’re looking into, etc.

So wonderful devs what tools do you use?

Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@carlevarino?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Cesar Carlevarino Aragon</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/s/photos/tools?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText">Unsplash</a>
Hardcore Space Exploration Game
Tags: gamedev, showdev, csharp, unity3d
Published: 2022-05-23 00:35:03

I began work on a passion project of mine a while ago, you can check it out at https://github.com/Megallix/Hardcore-Space-Exploration-Game.

There isn't much for me to say at the moment, but I intend to do a lot of cool things with this. The GitHub's project page shows what I currently have planned.