What is Web 3.0? How Will it Change the Way We Use the Internet?
Tags: webdev, web3, node, softwaredeveloper
Published: 2022-02-21 10:51:26

Web 3.0 is the latest buzzword causing disruptions in reading, writing, and interacting with the internet. This new Internet technology unfurls immense scope for businesses and users to own and control a part of the web. Advanced technologies such as machine learning, artificial intelligence, AR/VR, IoT, and blockchain make the Internet evolve into a more human entity. Investors are already betting $27 billion that Web 3.0 is the future of the internet.

Web 3.0 is often related to cryptocurrency, metaverse, non-fungible token (NFT), and decentralized finance spaces. But businesses and entrepreneurs are still baffled to understand the relevant Web 3.0 examples and ways to use them. For forward-thinking leaders, this article will demystify various facets of Web 3.0.

A Brief History on Evolution of the Internet
Before we deep dive into Web 3.0, let's understand the journey of the Internet's evolution via Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. 

Web 1.0 = Read-only web
Web 2.0 = Read-write web
Web 3.0 = Read-write-interactive web

**Web 1.0**
During the 1990s, the World Wide Web was first introduced in its "readable" phase. After that, users could only retrieve passive information with little to no interaction.

Also known as static web, Web 1.0 was the most reliable internet, but it was a one-way highway. The read-only static applications were mainly hard-coded HTML pages with limited content creation scope. With the arrival of mobile, social, and cloud technologies, the world moved to the next phase, i.e., Web 2.0.

**Web 2.0**
The next phase is the Social web or Web 2.0 that opened more avenues for users to interact with products on the internet. Web 2.0 is considered the "writable" phase that includes connectivity, collaboration, and real-time collaboration between users.

The advent of Web 2.0 accelerated the age of social media, backed by the adoption of mobile technologies. Businesses and users alike could voice their opinions around the globe. Further today, in the covid-19 pandemic, the number of mobile internet users rose to 4.28 billion worldwide, that's almost 54.6 percent of the total global population.

Imagine the amount of data being produced and consumed each day. A Forbes study on Global Online Content Consumption claimed that people, on average, spend almost 7 hours a day on the internet. However, only some big businesses could identify the potential of this massive data. Companies like Amazon, Google, and Facebook provide platforms that profit their users. To its merit, Web 2.0 has been the most significant factor for the success of e-commerce. 

The downside of Web 2.0 was the compromised security and misuse of user data. Even with the arrival of cloud technologies, the services became faster and more secure but still did not transfer the ownership to the user. Moreover, the dependency on the online platforms to deliver business or services does not give full access to the user.

**What is Web 3.0?**
Coined by Ev Williams, the co-founder of Twitter, Web 3.0 is the future version of the web, open, trustless, and permissionless. By definition, Web 3.0 is a transparent peer-to-peer network connecting people and devices with no single point of failure. Furthermore, it is internet-based on decentralized networks, i.e., Bitcoin, Ethereum, blockchains, etc.

Web 3.0 takes further the concept of the semantic web with an intelligent version of the Internet powered by technologies like blockchain, artificial intelligence, and big data. It will improve data and resources efficiency and offer developers an opportunity to create complex apps. Web 3.0 apps are built on blockchains and are popularly known as decentralized apps (DApps).

Web 3.0 keeps its users the center of focus and makes the internet more human. The semantic web concept is to derive meaning and emotion from the data. Thus, the end-user will always get relevant search results.

In the current scenario of Web 2.0, the monopoly of tech giants such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft over user data questions ethics, privacy, and monetization. With Web 3.0, you can transfer the ownership from a single entity to the users, who can also be incentivized to participate.

This way, users have the decision-making power over the data. Further, with faster connectivity and native digital payments, there is a need for any third-party or intermediaries to conduct a transaction. This third generation of web offers its users one-to-one personalized interactions.

**How Does Web 3.0 Work?**
The core principle of Web 3.0 intends to make user search much more personalized, faster, secure, and efficient. In addition, the human-machine interface will be intuitive with an intelligent internet. The focus is to derive meaning from complex user data and patterns without human intervention using AI and other Web 3.0 technologies.

Web 2.0 applications allow users to interact with machines through their front-end or application layer. With a client-server model, the user interface communicates the user inputs/data to the server-side code where the processing takes place. Finally, the result is sent to the user through an internet browser or app's interface.

In Web 3.0, the flow changes as there are no centralized databases to store application state or user data. The application server where the backend logic resides is also distributed, unlike before. This is replaced by a blockchain, allowing developers to build apps on a decentralized machine. Nodes do review and maintenance on the web.

Developers define the logic of the decentralized web application in smart contracts, which are deployed on decentralized machines. Anyone can deploy their blockchain app on this shared state machine.

**Web 3.0 Architecture**
To understand the architecture of Web 3.0, we will have to look at its four prime elements.

**Ethereum Blockchain** – Out of many blockchain projects, Ethereum leads the pack with more user adoption. Any blockchain is a state machine-accessible globally and is maintained by independent nodes. Most importantly, no single entity owns it, but it is a collaborative endeavor. No one can change the existing data on the blockchain; instead, they can only write to it.

**Smart Contracts** – These contain the logic of application state written by blockchain developers using advanced programming languages such as Vyper or Solidity. Essentially, smart contracts are the programs that run on the blockchain. 
Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) – Ethereum virtual machines process the smart contract. Primarily, EVMs process the change of state that takes place on the state machines.

**Front End** – Like Web 2.0, the front-end of decentralized apps contain UI logic. Additionally, the Web 3.0 frontend connects with smart contracts.

**Web 3.0 stack**
Users may not realize the transition from Web 2.0 to Web 3.0; the backend will see a significant shift. Web 3.0 stack of protocols promotes fully decentralized applications. This makes the network more reliable and fast and makes you an owner of a web part. Thus it is essential to base this technology on blockchain logic. 

The peer-to-peer review system in the blockchain ensures that users are updated on the data block building and keep it decentralized. Unlike Web 2.0, which was driven by the emergence of mobile, social media, and cloud technologies, Web 3.0 evokes technological innovation by adding new layers to the stack. 

- Edge computing
- Decentralization
- Artificial intelligence & machine learning
- Blockchain

For making a shift from client-server architecture to become an open, permissionless, and decentralized environment, the core tech stack needs to change. The Web 3.0 stack is divided into the following layers:

- Blockchain
- Blockchain development environment
- File storage
- P2P Databases
- API (Indexing & querying)
- Identity
- Client (frameworks and libraries)
- Other protocols

This blockchain stack allows developers to build decentralized apps to solve critical human problems. Further, catalysts including native digital payments and public back-end technologies like AR/VR, IoT technology, and more extend the scope of building such apps.

Read more about the key features of Web 3.0
https://www.codemonk.ai/insights/web3