Learn a11y
Tags: a11y, webdev, beginners, tutorial
Published: 2023-09-07 11:46:55

Accessibility, or A11y for short, is the practice of designing and developing web content that can be used by people with disabilities. A11y is not only a legal requirement, but also a moral responsibility and a business opportunity. In this blog post, we will explore some of the benefits of A11y, the main principles and guidelines to follow, and some of the tools and resources that can help you improve your web accessibility.

## Why A11y Matters

According to the World Health Organization, more than one billion people in the world have some form of disability, and this number is expected to rise as the population ages. People with disabilities face many barriers and challenges when accessing web content, such as:

- Visual impairments: People who are blind, have low vision, or are color blind may not be able to see the text, images, videos, or other elements on a web page.
- Hearing impairments: People who are deaf or hard of hearing may not be able to hear the audio, video, or other sounds on a web page.
- Motor impairments: People who have limited or no use of their hands, arms, or legs may not be able to use a mouse, keyboard, or touch screen to interact with a web page.
- Cognitive impairments: People who have learning disabilities, attention deficits, memory problems, or other cognitive issues may not be able to understand, process, or remember the information on a web page.

These are just some examples of the diverse needs and preferences of people with disabilities. By making your web content more accessible, you can:

- Comply with the law: Many countries and regions have laws and regulations that require web accessibility, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), and the European Accessibility Act (EAA). Failing to comply with these standards can result in legal consequences, such as lawsuits, fines, or loss of contracts.
- Enhance your reputation: Web accessibility can demonstrate your social responsibility and commitment to diversity and inclusion. It can also improve your customer satisfaction and loyalty, as well as your brand image and recognition.
- Expand your reach: Web accessibility can increase your potential audience and market share, as you can reach more people who may otherwise be excluded or frustrated by your web content. It can also improve your search engine optimization (SEO) and ranking, as accessible web content is more compatible with different devices and browsers.
- Improve your quality: Web accessibility can improve the usability and functionality of your web content for everyone, not just people with disabilities. It can also reduce errors and bugs, as well as maintenance costs and efforts.

## How to Implement A11y

The main reference for web accessibility is the WCAG, which is developed by the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The WCAG provides a set of guidelines and success criteria that cover four principles of web accessibility:

- Perceivable: Web content must be presented in ways that users can perceive it through their senses.
- Operable: Web content must be easy to navigate and interact with using different input methods.
- Understandable: Web content must be clear and comprehensible for users.
- Robust: Web content must be compatible with different technologies and platforms.

The WCAG also defines three levels of conformance: A (minimum), AA (recommended), and AAA (optimal). Depending on your context and goals, you may need to meet different levels of conformance for different parts of your web content.

To implement A11y in your web content, you need to follow a process that involves:

- Planning: Define your scope, objectives, budget, timeline, and roles for your A11y project. Identify your target audience and their needs and preferences. Choose the appropriate level of conformance and standards for your web content.
- Designing: Create wireframes, mockups, prototypes, and style guides that incorporate A11y best practices. Use contrast, color, typography, layout, icons, images, animations, etc. that are accessible for different users. Consider how users will navigate and interact with your web content using different devices and input methods.
- Developing: Write code that follows A11y best practices. Use semantic HTML elements, proper headings, labels, alt text, captions, transcripts, etc. that provide meaningful structure and information for your web content. Use CSS properties and media queries that allow your web content to adapt to different screen sizes and orientations. Use JavaScript functions and libraries that enhance the functionality and interactivity of your web content without compromising its accessibility.
- Testing: Evaluate the accessibility of your web content using different methods and tools. Use automated tools that can scan your code and identify errors and warnings. Use manual testing techniques that can check the usability and functionality of your web content from different perspectives. Use assistive technologies such as screen readers, magnifiers, keyboards, etc. that can simulate how users with disabilities access your web content. Use user testing methods that can collect feedback and suggestions from real users with disabilities.
- Maintaining: Monitor and update your web content regularly to ensure its accessibility. Use analytics tools that can track and measure the performance and impact of your web content. Use quality assurance tools that can check and fix any issues or bugs that may arise. Use training and education resources that can help you and your team stay updated and informed about A11y best practices and standards.

## Tools and Resources for A11y

There are many tools and resources that can help you learn and implement A11y in your web content. Here are some examples:

- WAI: The WAI website provides a comprehensive collection of A11y guidelines, techniques, tutorials, examples, checklists, tools, etc. that can help you understand and apply the WCAG standards.
- WebAIM: WebAIM is a non-profit organization that offers A11y consulting, training, evaluation, certification, and resources for web developers and designers.
- A11y Project: The A11y Project is a community-driven initiative that provides simple and practical A11y tips, tricks, patterns, resources, etc. for web developers and designers.
- A11ycasts: A11ycasts is a YouTube series that features short videos that explain and demonstrate different aspects of A11y for web developers and designers.
- A11y Weekly: A11y Weekly is a newsletter that curates the latest news, articles, tools, events, etc. related to A11y for web developers and designers.

## Conclusion

A11y is not only a legal requirement, but also a moral responsibility and a business opportunity. By making your web content more accessible, you can benefit yourself, your users, and your society. To implement A11y in your web content, you need to follow the WCAG standards and a process that involves planning, designing, developing, testing, and maintaining. There are many tools and resources that can help you learn and implement A11y in your web content. We hope this blog post has inspired you to start or continue your A11y journey.