Web Accessibility : Web Inclusion for all.
Published: 2023-07-30 18:18:51

Today, we delve into the concept of inclusivity on a global scale, encompassing gender, race, and disability inclusion. The widespread availability of internet connections allows virtually all individuals to access websites and participate in social media networks. In this context of increased accessibility, we will explore methods to enhance your website's performance and foster a sense of inclusivity for all users.

Web accessibility refers to the practice of designing and developing websites and web applications to ensure that people with disabilities can access, understand, and interact with the content and functionalities effectively. It is about making the web inclusive and usable for everyone, regardless of their physical or cognitive abilities. 
There are different disabilities that could affect people interactivity with web pages which includes 

- **Visual Imparements**:This addresses visual disabilities, encompassing blindness, low vision, or color blindness. Users with such conditions often rely on screen readers, screen magnifiers, or other assistive tools to effectively interact with websites

- **Hearing Imparements**: Individuals with hearing disabilities typically prefer utilizing captions, transcripts, or visual alternatives to access audio content.

- **Motor Imparements**: Some individuals experience challenges using mice or keyboards to access websites and web applications, and they rely on voice commands to navigate the web seamlessly.

Web designers and developers bear the responsibility of enhancing website accessibility for various disabilities. Properly writing code plays a crucial role in achieving this goal. Here are the steps to follow.

- **Using HTML Semantic elements**: As a developer, it's crucial to prioritize the use of HTML semantic elements when structuring web content. By doing so, screen readers can easily comprehend the website's contents. Although many Frontend developers still resort to the div tag pattern for structuring HTML elements, it's beneficial to embrace HTML5 elements like section, header, nav, aside, article, figures, and main. Adopting semantic HTML elements allows us to be intentional in creating accessible and well-structured websites.

- **Text alternatives for non-text contents**:To enhance web accessibility for the visually impaired, it is essential to include alternative text for media elements like images, videos, and links. Additionally, clear captions should be provided, ensuring a more inclusive web experience.

```
<section>
 <img src="/cat.png" alt="This is a cat image" />
<video src="www.examplevideo.com" alt="this is an example video that is used as altentative text />

<a href="www.facebook.com" title="this link will take you to facebook.com">facebook</a> 
</section>
```
Incorporating alternative statements can be beneficial, especially during periods of low network latency, as they inform web users about the content expected on a particular page. Additionally, it is advised not to have links open in new windows or tabs. If there's a strong reason to do so, it's essential to explain the rationale in the title attribute of the link tag.

- **Keyboard accessibility**: When structuring webpages, prioritize keyboard accessibility for all components. Implement access keys to aid users who are unfamiliar with using a mouse, enabling them to navigate the website solely with their keyboards. Properly implement tabbing by adding the tabIndex attribute to container/section tags. Demonstrating the index of different HTML elements is beneficial for screen readers.

- **Forms and Label**: In nearly every website, data collection forms are present, making it essential to use proper form and label elements in your web pages. This ensures that all users can easily comprehend and complete form fields. Always include a label with a corresponding "for" attribute that matches the input field.

```
<form>
  <label for="emailInput">Email</label>
  <input name='emailInput' placeholder="Please input your email address" type="email" />
</form>
```
In addition to using proper form and label elements, consider incorporating fieldsets and legends for input elements, as well as optgroups for select elements. These elements further enhance the accessibility and organization of your forms. Moreover, including the tabIndex attribute in input fields can facilitate easier navigation, ensuring a more accessible user experience.

- **Responsive designs**: In today's web development landscape, it is crucial to design websites with responsive layouts that adapt seamlessly to all screens and devices. This approach empowers users to navigate the web without any restrictions, regardless of the device they are using.

- **Proper Heading structure**: A well-structured website should utilize proper heading elements in a logical order. The use of h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6 should follow a sequential arrangement, avoiding scattering them in your code. By doing so, you establish a clear and organized hierarchy of your content.

- **Testing with Assistive Technologies**: As previously mentioned, conducting thorough testing of your website with screen readers, voice recognition, video captions, keyboard-only navigation, and other assistive technologies will determine its accessibility and aid in enhancing its overall accessibility level. Equally important is engaging and gathering feedback from users with disabilities, involving them in the development process to gain insights into their challenges and identify areas for improvement based on their preferences.

- Engaging in continuous research to improve web accessibility will enhance your knowledge of the latest challenges and developments in this area. Familiarizing yourself with the web accessibility guidelines published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is crucial for developers. These guidelines provide best practices and success criteria for creating accessible web content.

In conclusion, the web should be open and accessible to all, irrespective of disabilities. By following these steps to enhance web accessibility, we promote inclusivity, ensuring equal access to information, services, and opportunities on the internet for everyone. Creating an accessible website also expands your reach to a wider audience, potentially leading to increased user engagement and customer satisfaction.