Javascript Cheat Sheet 2023.
Tags: javascript, beginners, tutorial, webdev
Published: 2023-06-06 17:48:09

Here is a basic JavaScript cheat sheet that you can use as a reference:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

1\. JavaScript is a programming language that is commonly used to add interactivity to web pages

2\. JavaScript code is written in plain text and executed by a web browser.

3\. JavaScript is often used in conjunction with HTML and CSS to create dynamic and interactive websites.

Variables
---------

Variables are used to store values in JavaScript. You can declare a variable using the **'var'** keyword, like this:

```
                    
                        var myVariable; 
                        // You can also assign a value to a variable when you declare it:
                        var myVariable = 'hello';
                    
                
```


In modern JavaScript, you can also use the **let** and **const** keywords to declare variables.

**let** is similar to **var**, but the variable's value can be re-assigned.

**const** is used to declare variables whose values cannot be re-assigned.

Data types
----------

JavaScript has several different **data types**, including:

**String:** A sequence of characters, written with single or double quotes (e.g., 'hello' or "world")

**Number:** A numerical value (e.g., 42 or 3.14)

**Boolean:** A value that is either true or false

**null:** A value that represents the absence of a value

**undefined:** A value that indicates that a variable has not been assigned a value

You can use the typeof operator to determine the data type of a value:

```
                    
console.log(typeof 'hello'); // Output string
console.log(typeof 42); // Outputs: 'number'
console.log(typeof true); // Outputs: 'boolean'
                    
                
```


Arrays
------

An array is a collection of values that are stored in a single variable. You can create an array by enclosing a comma-separated list of values in square brackets:

```
                    var myArray = [1, 2, 3];
                
```


You can access the elements of an array using their index, which is the position of the element in the array. Array indexes start at 0, so the first element of an array is at index 0, the second element is at index 1, and so on.

You can use the **length** property to determine the number of elements in an array:

```
                    console.log(myArray.length); // Outputs: 3
                
```


You can also use array methods to manipulate the elements of an array. Some common array methods include **push** (to add an element to the end of an array), **pop** (to remove the last element of an array), and **splice** (to remove or add elements to an array at a specific index).

Objects
-------

An object is a collection of key-value pairs that can be used to store data. You can create an object by enclosing a comma-separated list of key-value pairs in curly braces:

```
                    
var myObject = {
key1: 'value1',
key2: 'value2'
};
                    
                
```


You can access the values of an object using dot notation or bracket notation:

```
                    console.log(myObject.key1); // Outputs:
                
```


Functions
---------

Functions are blocks of code that can be defined and then called by name. You can define a function by using the function keyword, followed by the function name, a list of parameters in parentheses, and the function body in curly braces:

```
                    
function myFunction(param1, param2) {
// Function body
}

                
```


You can call a function by using its name followed by a list of arguments in parentheses:

```
                myFunction(arg1, arg2);
            
```


Functions can also return a value using the **return** keyword:

```
                
                    function myFunction(param) {
                        return param + 1;
                      }
                      
                      console.log(myFunction(1)); // Outputs: 2
                
            
```


Control structures
------------------

JavaScript has several control structures that you can use to execute code conditionally or repeatedly:

**If** statements are used to execute code if a certain condition is true:

```
                
                    if (condition) {
                        // Code to execute
                        }
                
            
```


**for** loops are used to repeat a block of code a certain number of times:

```
                
                    for (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                        // Code to execute
                      }
                
            
```


**while** loops are used to repeat a block of code as long as a certain condition is true:

```
                
                    while (condition) {
                        // Code to execute
                      }
                
            
```


Events
------

JavaScript can respond to events that occur on a web page, such as a user clicking a button or a page loading. You can use event listeners to specify code that should be executed in response to an event:

```
                
                    element.addEventListener('event', function() {
                        // Code to execute
                      });
                
            
```


Some common events include **click**, **click**, and **load**.

DOM manipulation
----------------

The Document Object Model (DOM) is a tree-like representation of a web page, and JavaScript can be used to manipulate the DOM to change the content, layout, and appearance of a web page.

You can use DOM methods and properties to select elements, modify their attributes, and change their content:

```
                    
var element = document.getElementById('my-element');
element.innerHTML = 'Hello';
element.style.color = 'red';
                    
                
```


You can also use DOM events to respond to changes in the DOM and update the page accordingly.

ES6 features
------------

ECMAScript 6 (also known as ES6 or ECMAScript 2015) is the latest version of the ECMAScript standard, which is the standard that defines the syntax and semantics of JavaScript. ES6 introduces several new features that can make your code more concise and easier to read, including:

**Arrow functions :** A shorter syntax for defining functions, using the **\=>** operator:

```
                    
// ES5
var add = function(x, y) {
  return x + y;
};

// ES6
const add = (x, y) => x + y;
                    
                
```


**Template strings :** A way to create strings that can include variables and expressions, using **backticks (\`\`)**:

```
                    
const name = 'John';
console.log(`Hello, ${name}`); // Outputs: 'Hello, John'
                    
                
```


**Destructuring :** A way to extract values from arrays and objects into variables, using a shorthand syntax:

```
                    
const arr = [1, 2, 3];
const [x, y, z] = arr;
console.log(x); // Outputs: 1

const obj = {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3};
const {a, b, c} = obj;
console.log(a); // Outputs: 1
                    
                
```


**Spread operator :** A way to expand an array or object into a list of values or key-value pairs, using the **'...'** operator:

```
                    
const arr1 = [1, 2, 3];
const arr2 = [4, 5, 6];
const arr3 = [...arr1, ...arr2];
console.log(arr3); // Outputs: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

const obj1 = {a: 1, b: 2};
const obj2 = {c: 3, d: 4};
const obj3 = {...obj1, ...obj2};
console.log(obj3); // Outputs: {a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4}
                    
                
```


**Promises :** A way to handle asynchronous operations, using a pattern that makes it easier to chain together multiple asynchronous actions:

```
                    
   fetch('url')
  .then(response => response.json())
  .then(data => console.log(data))
  .catch(error => console.error(error));
                    
                
```


Additional resources
--------------------

**Here are some additional resources that you might find useful when learning JavaScript:**

[MDN JavaScript Guide :](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide) A comprehensive guide to JavaScript, covering all of the core concepts and features of the language

[JavaScript.com :](https://www.javascript.com/) A beginner-friendly website that provides tutorials and interactive exercises to help you learn JavaScript

[Eloquent JavaScript:](https://eloquentjavascript.net/) A free online book that covers the basics of JavaScript, as well as more advanced topics such as functional programming and asynchronous programming