Module 4 Glossary
Published: 2023-05-04 20:22:01

New terms and their definitions: Course 2 Week 4

- A record: The most common resource record, used to point a certain domain name at a certain IPv4 IP address
- Anycast: A technique that's used to route traffic to different destinations depending on factors like location, congestion, or link health
- Automatic allocation: A range of IP addresses is set aside for assignment purposes
- Caching and recursive name servers: They are generally provided by an ISP or your local network, and their purpose is to store domain name lookups for a certain amount of time
- CNAME: A resource record used to map one domain to another
- DHCP discovery: The process by which a client configured to use DHCP attempts to get network configuration information
- Domain Name System (DNS): A global and highly distributed network service that resolves strings of letters, such as a website name, into an IP address
- DNS zones: A portion of space in the Domain Name System (DNS) that is controlled by an authoritative name server
- Domain: Used to demarcate where control moves from a top-level domain name server to an authoritative name server
- Domain name: A website name; the part of the URL following www.
- Dynamic allocation: A range of IP addresses is set aside for client devices and one of these IPs is issued to these devices when they request one
- Fixed allocation: Requires a manually specified list of MAC address and the corresponding IPs
- Fully qualified domain name: When you combine all the parts of a domain together
- IP masquerading: The NAT obscures the sender's IP address from the receiver
- MX record: It stands for mail exchange and this resource record is used in order to deliver email to the correct server
- Name resolution: This process of using DNS to turn a domain name into an IP address
- Network Address Translation (NAT): A mitigation tool that lets organizations use one public IP address and many private IP addresses within the network
- NS record: It indicates other name servers that may also be responsible for a particular zone
- NTP servers: Used to keep all computers on a network synchronized in time
- Pointer resource record: It resolves an IP to a name
- Port forwarding: A technique where specific destination ports can be configured to always be delivered to specific nodes
- Port preservation: A technique where the source port chosen by a client, is the same port used by the router
- Proxy service: A server that acts on behalf of a client in order to access another service
- Quad A (AAAA) record: It is very similar to an A record except that it returns in IPv6 address instead of an IPv4 address
- Recursive name servers: Servers that perform full DNS resolution requests
- Reverse lookup zone files: They let DNS resolvers ask for an IP, and get the FQDN associated with it returned
- Reverse proxy: A service that might appear to be a single server to external clients, but actually represents many servers living behind it
- Round robin: It is a concept that involves iterating over a list of items one by one in an orderly fashion
- SRV record: A service record used to define the location of various specific services
- Start of authority: A declaration of the zone and the name of the name server that is authoritative for it
- Top Level Domain (TLD): The top level of the DNS or the last part of a domain name. For example, the “com” in www.weather.com
- Time-To-Live field (TTL): An 8-bit field that indicates how many router hops a datagram can traverse before it's thrown away
- Two-factor authentication: A technique where more than just a username and password are required to authenticate. Usually, a short-lived numerical token is generated by the user through a specialized piece of hardware or software
- TXT record: It stands for text and was originally intended to be used only for associating some descriptive text with a domain name for human consumption
- Types of DNS servers: There are five primary types of DNS servers; caching name servers, recursive name servers, root name servers, TLD name servers, and authoritative name servers
- Virtual Private Network (VPN): A technology that allows for the extension of a private or local network, to a host that might not work on that same local network
- Zone Files: Simple configuration files that declare all resource records for a particular zone