teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Customizing Plots with Matplotlib
Tags: python, programming, datascience
Published: 2023-12-10 03:22:29

In the realm of data visualization, creating informative and visually appealing plots is crucial for effectively conveying insights. Matplotlib, a powerful Python library, not only allows you to create a wide range of plots but also provides extensive customization options. In this section, we will explore how to customize plot aesthetics, including colors, labels, and annotations.

## Understanding the Basics

Before diving into customization, let's revisit the basics of creating a simple plot:

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

# Creating a basic line plot
plt.plot(x, y, label='Data')

# Adding labels and title
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Plot')

# Displaying legend
plt.legend()

# Show the plot
plt.show()
```

## Experimenting with Customization

### 1. **Colors and Line Styles:**

Matplotlib allows you to specify colors and line styles for your plots. You can use a variety of predefined colors or specify your own using hexadecimal codes. Additionally, you can choose different line styles, such as solid, dashed, or dotted.

```python
plt.plot(x, y, color='green', linestyle='--', linewidth=2, marker='o', markersize=8, label='Customized Line')
```

### 2. **Customizing Axes:**

You can customize the appearance of the axes by setting properties such as the axis limits, ticks, and grid.

```python
plt.xlim(0, 6)  # Set x-axis limits
plt.ylim(0, 12)  # Set y-axis limits
plt.xticks([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E'])  # Set custom tick labels
plt.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)  # Add a grid
```

### 3. **Adding Annotations:**

Annotations provide additional information on the plot. You can add text or arrows to highlight specific points.

```python
plt.annotate('Maximum Value', xy=(5, 10), xytext=(4, 11),
             arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black', shrink=0.05),
             fontsize=9, color='red')
```

### 4. **Changing Plot Styles:**

Matplotlib offers different styles to change the overall appearance of your plots. You can experiment with styles such as 'ggplot', 'seaborn', or create your own custom style.

```python
plt.style.use('seaborn-darkgrid')
```

### 5. **Using Colormaps:**

Colormaps are useful for visualizing numerical values. You can apply a colormap to your plot using the `cmap` parameter.

```python
plt.scatter(x, y, c=y, cmap='viridis', s=100, edgecolors='black', label='Scatter Plot')
plt.colorbar()  # Add colorbar
```

## Conclusion

Customizing plots in Matplotlib allows you to create visually compelling visualizations tailored to your specific needs. The library provides a vast array of options to tweak colors, styles, and annotations. Experiment with these customization techniques to elevate the aesthetics and clarity of your data visualizations. As you become proficient in Matplotlib, you'll discover endless possibilities for creating engaging and informative plots.
Mastering Data Visualization with Matplotlib
Tags: python, programming, datascience
Published: 2023-12-10 03:14:44

Data visualization is a crucial aspect of data analysis, enabling us to gain insights, identify patterns, and communicate findings effectively. In the Python ecosystem, Matplotlib stands out as a powerful and versatile library for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations. In this blog post, we'll explore the basics of Matplotlib and delve into different types of plots.

## Getting Started with Matplotlib

### Installation:

Before diving into Matplotlib, ensure you have it installed. You can install it using the following command:

```bash
pip install matplotlib
```

### Importing Matplotlib:

Once installed, import Matplotlib into your Python script or Jupyter notebook:

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
```

### Creating a Simple Plot:

Matplotlib can be used in a stateful or stateless manner. Here's a simple example using the stateful approach:

```python
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Simple Plot')
plt.show()
```

## Exploring Different Types of Plots

### 1. Line Plots:

Line plots are ideal for visualizing trends over a continuous variable. Use the `plot()` function to create line plots:

```python
plt.plot(x, y, label='Line Plot')
plt.legend()
```

### 2. Bar Plots:

Bar plots are effective for comparing categorical data. Use the `bar()` or `barh()` function for vertical or horizontal bar plots:

```python
categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
values = [3, 7, 1, 5]

plt.bar(categories, values, color='skyblue')
```

### 3. Scatter Plots:

Scatter plots are useful for visualizing the relationship between two continuous variables:

```python
plt.scatter(x, y, marker='o', color='red', label='Scatter Plot')
plt.legend()
```

## Interactive and Animated Visualizations

Matplotlib also supports interactive and animated visualizations.

### Interactive Example:

```python
import mplcursors

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
points, = ax.plot(x, y, 'o')

mplcursors.cursor(hover=True).connect("add", lambda sel: sel.annotation.set_text(f'Point {sel.target.index + 1}'))

plt.show()
```

### Animated Example:

```python
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

# Define the update function
def update(frame):
    # Update the data for each frame
    # ...

# Create an animation
animation = FuncAnimation(fig, update, frames=num_frames, interval=100)

plt.show()
```

Matplotlib's documentation and community support make it a robust tool for data visualization. Whether you need basic plots or advanced visualizations, Matplotlib provides the flexibility and functionality to meet your requirements. Start exploring and mastering Matplotlib to elevate your data visualization skills!
7 SQL Coding Questions for Data Analysts and Data Scientists
Published: 2023-12-10 02:41:07

SQL proficiency is a critical skill for data analysts and data scientists, and SQL coding interviews are a common way for employers to assess a candidate’s database querying skills. In this article, we’ll explore 12 SQL interview coding questions frequently encountered in data-related job interviews. Each question is accompanied by a detailed explanation and a code example to help you prepare effectively for your next SQL interview.

## Question 1: Retrieve Unique Values
### Problem:

Retrieve unique values from a column in a table.

### Solution:

```
SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM your_table;

```

## Question 2: Filtering Rows

### Problem:
Filter rows based on a specific condition.

### Solution:

```
SELECT * FROM your_table WHERE condition;

```

## Question 3: Aggregation and Grouping
### Problem:
Calculate the total count and average of a column, grouped by another column.

### Solution:
```
SELECT category, COUNT(*) AS total_count, AVG(price) AS average_price
FROM your_table
GROUP BY category;
```
## Question 4: Sorting and Limiting Rows
### Problem:
Sort rows in descending order and limit the result to the top N rows.

### Solution:
```
SELECT * FROM your_table ORDER BY column_name DESC LIMIT N;
```
## Question 5: Joining Tables
###Problem:
Combine data from two tables using INNER JOIN.

###Solution:
```
SELECT t1.column1, t1.column2, t2.column3
FROM table1 t1
INNER JOIN table2 t2 ON t1.common_column = t2.common_column;

```
## Question 6: Subqueries
### Problem:
Use a subquery to filter results based on another query’s output.

### Solution:
```
SELECT column1, column2
FROM your_table
WHERE column3 IN (SELECT column3 FROM another_table WHERE condition);
```
## Question 7: Window Functions
### Problem:
Calculate the running total using a window function.

## Solution:
```
SELECT date, revenue, SUM(revenue) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS running_total
FROM your_table;
```


## Conclusion:
Mastering these 7 SQL interview coding questions will significantly enhance your readiness for data-related job interviews. As you practice these queries and understand the underlying principles, you’ll be well-equipped to tackle a variety of SQL challenges. Remember to not only provide correct answers but also communicate your thought process effectively during interviews.
The Difference you didn't know existed between Solid.js and Svelte
Tags: svelte, sveltekit, solidjs, javascript
Published: 2023-12-10 02:18:00


![Svelte vs Solid](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/eod6x1hszbg3stqb33wt.jpg)

Several great web frameworks have been introduced over the years. Among them are Svelte and Solid.js. The former was created by Ryan Carniato on November 29, 2016, whereas the latter was created by Rich Harris on October 18, 2020. The commonality between them is that they have challenged traditional web development. However, there are substantial differences between the two. Let's dive into it.

Solid.js is a declarative library that doesn't need the use of a virtual DOM. It is somewhat similar to React and has a unidirectional data flow. But, contrary to React, it provides more control over-reactivity and performance. How? Well, it uses custom hooks and functions. Since Solid.js is built on top of a reactive system, its components only render once. Keep in mind that Solid.js components contain JavaScript functions.

In contrast, Svelte components are made of reusable, self-contained code blocks. Svelte also incorporates reactivity, but its reactivity is built-in and updates automatically. There's no need for manual rendering here.

Now, as far as speed is concerned, Solid.js is faster than Svelte. Why? Well, because of its techniques like optimized DOM list reconciliation. Though Svelte isn't faster, it still outperforms React, Angular, and Vue.

Which one is easier for you to learn? Well, if you already know HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, you won't have difficulty learning Svelte. That's not the case with Solid.js. It's only easy for those web developers who are already familiar with React, as Solid.js is built on almost the same principles and structures. However, when it comes to popularity, Svelte is more popular than Solid.js due to its simplicity, ease of use, and other performance-related advantages. In contrast, Solid.js has a small user base. Nevertheless, it seems that among web developers, Solid.js is gaining popularity. React developers are trying to learn and use Solid.js because of its reactive and lightweight approach.

And even though both frameworks have good documentation, Svelte documentation includes lengthy explanations and examples. It also contains numerous plugins and tools. Companies like Netflix and The New York Times use Svelte, whereas Solid.js is employed by lesser-known companies like Astro. build and Mozilla. However, I am not entirely sure which technology will gain more popularity in the future. Currently, due to its simple syntax and extensive features, Svelte is becoming more popular than Solid.js.
Requesting help to measure productivy while working from home as developer or testers
Published: 2023-12-10 02:10:04

Hi,

My name is Brian, I'm  doing a research paper on getting focus on productivity and mental health about working form home as developer or tester.

Need your help to fill this questionnaire.
https://forms.gle/AvPKY2ohAxqkdHpK7

The purpose of this research is avoid having anxiety and depression

Thanks in advance
OpenGL, WebGL and Three.js
Tags: javascript, opengl, webgl, beginners
Published: 2023-12-10 02:00:45


## What is OpenGL?


![OpenGL logo](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/9skuxmwzbu9vj9ge4hjy.png)

OpenGL is a specification developed and maintained by Khronos Group. OpenGL is a set of rules and guidelines for how a function's input and output should be setup in order to render 3D vector graphics using GPU. Most OpenGL libraries are developed and implemented by graphics card manufacturers and are designed to be supported for that specific hardware.

## What is WebGL?


![WebGL logo](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7r8t2mtsi0yy9yll1dm2.png)

WebGL is a JavaScript API that conforms to OpenGL ES specifications. WebGL allows for 3D graphics rendering in an all modern web browsers as long as the user's device has a compatible GPU. WebGL uses the HTML `<canvas>` element tag to render graphics to the page.

## Three.js



![Three.js logo](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gmvzs8zqwi1w05asjw0j.png)


Three.js is a simple to use lightweight library designed to create 3D vector graphics. Three.js comes with built in functions to quickly create 3D object, cameras, scenes and animations.

## Lights, Camera, ACTION!!


![Lights, Camera, ACTION!!](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4my98jlsu2d1bvynv306.jpg)

Following is a boilerplate for setting a scene context and camera for rendering.

```js
import * as THREE from 'three';

const scene = new THREE.Scene();
const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75,
 window.innerWidth/window.innerHeight,
 0.1, 1000);

camera.position.x = 1;
camera.position.y = 1;
camera.position.z = 20;

const renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer({ antialias: true });
renderer.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
document.body.appendChild(renderer.domElement);
```

Then, you can add objects creating a new mesh object and defining its geometry and material. Different materials have different textures and react to light differently. There are also different light options such as ambient, which illuminates all objects in the scene, or directional, which is set up like the camera with a position and direction. These new objects are then added to the scene context via the `add` method. Now you can render the scene using `renderer.render()` passing in the scene context object and the camera. 

```js
const geometry = new THREE.IcosahedronGeometry();
const material = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial();
const ico = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material);
const ambient = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x00FF00, 0.35);
const directional = new THREE.DirectionalLight( 0xffffff );
directional.position.set( 1, 1, 0.5 ).normalize();

scene.add( ico, directional, ambient );
renderer.render(scene, camera);
```

And there you have it, a 3D vector object rendered in the browser.

## Sources
{% embed https://learnopengl.com/ %}
{% embed https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API %}
{% embed https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js %}
{% embed https://www.khronos.org/opengl/wiki/ %}
{% embed https://threejs.org/ %}
Agricultura Inteligente com o uso do IoT
Published: 2023-12-10 00:44:28



Atualmente, a agricultura inteligente tem crescido de forma abrangente no setor agrícola, e, com o crescimento da IoT, tem se avançado ainda mais, criando um protocolo para o futuro moderno, mesmo com seus problemas e benefícios que serão brevemente comentados. 
É notório, como a IoT tem crescido, e com isso, trazendo inovações em vários setores, e um deles, tem sido a agricultura, o aumento da implementação do uso dos dispositivos de tecnologia associada á mesma, como drones, sensores de umidade, e de temperaturas climáticas, que auxiliam na monitorização nas condições dos solos e sistemas climáticos, tem ajudado aos agricultores e cultivadores de plantas.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/baro8o4rirx08a1oykmh.jpg) 

Pode-se dizer que mesmo com esse crescimento, existem alguns problemas que afetam a sociedade, a utilização da irrigação, como drones e outros meios que foram citados, trazem um custo 

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/1yl5vxmn8m9orrv5zdhy.png)

benéfico, e, trazem algumas desvantagens dentro do sistema, como, os tipos de sensores, com suas diversas interfaces, que exigem muito hardware e dificulta a expansão posteriormente. 

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/hbnwomgx0otr0ihmbz9c.jpg)



Assim, é possível observar as vantagens que a agricultura inteligente têm trazido, como o aumento da eficiência, o controle do consumo de água, e também, é notório o quanto tem se tornado uma atividade cotidiana comum para a sociedade, pois facilita tanto aos agricultores com suas grandes plantações, quanto á pessoas que tem plantações próprias em suas residências, entre muitas outras vantagens que esse setor pode trazer. 


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/q3glovr1ni98oc8e26uk.jpg)


Com isso, conclui-se que na agricultura inteligente (Iot), trazem três aspectos, como a comunicação, automação e a economia de custos, cada uma delas, trazem facilidade para as pessoas realizarem suas atividades rotineiras, o que torna mais produtiva. Ainda assim mesmo com o alto custo e algumas dificuldades que possam ser enfrentadas, esse é um cenário que não tem mais volta e que a cada nova tecnologia descoberta tudo irá se resolver.
Copy selected input to the clipboard in javascript.
Tags: javascript, html, webdev, programming
Published: 2023-12-10 00:42:16


{% codepen https://codepen.io/Ishrat_Pinky/pen/poGYZxa %}

This code will first select the copy button and all checkbox elements. Then, it will add an event listener to the copy button. When the button clicks, the code will loop through all checkboxes, check if they are checked, and add their values to an array. Finally, it will combine the selected values into a single string and copy it to the clipboard.


```html
<input type="checkbox" id="checkbox1" value="value1"> Option 1
<input type="checkbox" id="checkbox2" value="value2"> Option 2
<input type="checkbox" id="checkbox3" value="value3"> Option 3
<br>
<button id="copy-button">Copy Selected</button>

```
<br>

```js
const copyButton = document.getElementById('copy-button');
const checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('input[type="checkbox"]');

copyButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
  const selectedValues = [];

  // Loop through all checkboxes
  for (const checkbox of checkboxes) {
    // Check if the checkbox is checked
    if (checkbox.checked) {
      // Add the checkbox value to the array
      selectedValues.push(checkbox.value);
    }
  }

  // Check if any values are selected
  if (selectedValues.length > 0) {
    // Combine the selected values into a single string with newline separators
    const copyText = selectedValues.join('\n');

    // Copy the text to the clipboard using ClipboardJS (optional)
    // You can install and use the ClipboardJS library for better compatibility
    // https://clipboardjs.com/
    // const clipboard = new ClipboardJS('#copy-button');
    // clipboard.copy(copyText);

    navigator.clipboard.writeText(copyText).then(() => {
      console.log('Values copied to clipboard!');
    }, (error) => {
      console.error('Error copying values:', error);
    });
  } else {
    alert('Please select at least one option to copy.');
  }
});
```
<br>

### Additional notes:

You can modify the code to include custom separators between the values.
You can use the ClipboardJS library for better compatibility and additional features.
You can add error handling to handle situations where copying to the clipboard fails.
You can adjust the styling and functionality based on your specific needs.
Caption This! 🤔💭
Tags: discuss, watercooler
Published: 2023-12-10 00:00:00

---
published_at : 2023-12-10 00:00 +0000
---
We are hopeless without you, can you please whip up the cleverest caption for this image? Give it a shot!

![Small monkey looking in a mirror](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/s7b2na72ma6wp9vkwnt6.jpg)

---

Follow the DEV Team for more discussions and online camaraderie!

{% embed [https://dev.to/devteam](https://dev.to/devteam) %}
How Do You Decide on Where to Self-Invest?
Tags: discuss, codenewbie, beginner
Published: 2023-12-10 00:00:00

---
published_at : 2023-12-10 00:00 +0000
---
Considering personal growth and development, how do individuals determine what aspects of self-investment are suitable for them, and what factors might influence these decisions?
<br>
Follow the CodeNewbie Org and #codenewbie for more discussions and online camaraderie!
{% embed https://dev.to/codenewbieteam %}
probability and state
Tags: gamedev, writing
Published: 2023-12-24 16:21:55

---
title: probability and state
published: true
date: 2023-12-10 00:00:00 UTC
tags: [ 'gamedev', 'writing' ]
canonical_url: https://onwriting.games/daily/20231210-2152-probability-and-state/
---

Today I was thinking about the origins of _cuentitos_.

We wanted to make a game with a system of random events, but knowing myself, I couldn't **allow** this system to have the same "error" that many others do.

I needed a **narrative coherence** that I didn't see in other roguelike games.

For example, Monster Prom has a random event system where the things that happen affect the final outcome in some way, but they are **very disjointed from each other**.

Another game that suffers from this problem is FTL, where each event has a small narrative connotation, a result, and that's it. There is **no connection between events**.

Maybe people who enjoy more systemic games don't have a problem with this, but I, who enjoy stories more than pressing buttons, do.

What I found was that **none of the tools available** allowed me to create this system easily.

To satisfy my needs for probabilistic management of events and reaction to the state, I had **no choice but to create my own language**.

Towards the end of the development of the current version of cuentitos, Roadwarden came out, a text RPG that implemented many ideas similar to what I did, but they did it in Ren'Py, a tool for writing graphic novels made in Python.

I don't want to hear **how much work it was to create the content** for Roadwarden, I'm eager to track down the creator to geek out about this (if any of you know Aureus, an intro is welcome).

The game lasts more than 30 hours, so doing a very deep analysis could take a lot of time, but I'm going to see if I can do something soon.

Going back to _cuentitos_, I'm eager to set up a web platform so that anyone can create dynamic stories, with probability and reaction to the state in a simple way.

If this is something that would interest you, please **respond to this email** , I'm going to start making a list of beta-testers to start testing the platform.

Until tomorrow!
Init Todo Application
Tags: webdev, javascript, devops, aws
Published: 2023-12-09 23:54:23

We are going to initialize the application. We will create a [monorepo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monorepo) for our backend and frontend app; you can see the [repository here](https://github.com/akbarnafisa/aws-devops-fullstack/tree/1-init-todo-application). Here is the current folder structure.

```jsx
- apps
	- client -> React, Vite, Typescript app
	- server -> Express, Postgres, Typescript App
- packages
	- libs -> Reuseable library
	- validation -> Reuseable library
```

### Server Folder

This app uses Express, Postgres, and Typescript. We are going to create a REST API to serve the client, and we are also utilizing Postgres to save the data.

### Client Folder

The frontend of this app uses React, Vite, and Typescript. We are going to create a Todo App that fetches data from the server app that we have created.

### Packages Folder

This is our reusable code that can be used in both our client and server. To import the package in Yarn, you can do it like this in the package.json file.

```jsx
"dependencies": {
  "libs": "*",
  "validation": "*"
}
```

## Installation

In a Yarn workspace, you need to provide the folder path for Yarn to recognize the packages.

```jsx
{
  "name": "aws-devops-fullstack",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "private": true,
  "description": "",
  "workspaces": {
    "packages": [
      "packages/*",
      "apps/*"
    ]
  }
}
```

To command all packages, you can use the workspaces command. Ensure that the script command exists in your packages.

```jsx
yarn workspaces run <command>
```

To run a command individually for each package, you can use the workspace command.

```jsx
yarn workspace <package-name> <command>
```