teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Web Stack
Published: 2023-09-17 19:57:58


## What happens when you type `https://www.google.com` in your browser and press `Enter`?

When you enter "https://www.google.com" into your browser and hit enter, a series of steps occur to establish a secure connection and retrieve the webpage.

First, the URL triggers a DNS (Domain Name System) request, which is sent to DNS servers. These servers resolve the domain name "www.google.com" into an IP address, identifying the server hosting Google's homepage.

The communication between your browser and Google's servers takes place using TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). The URL beginning with "https" signifies a secure connection using SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) technology, ensuring that data exchanged is encrypted.

Upon resolving the IP address, a GET request is forwarded to this IP address via port 443, designated for HTTPS traffic. The request is directed to a load balancer, a crucial component since Google handles a massive influx of requests. The load balancer distributes these requests across multiple servers for efficient handling.

The load balancer employs a load balancing algorithm to route the request to one of the many servers connected to it. Each server comprises three main components:

1. **Web Server**: Responsible for serving static pages. An example of a web server is Nginx.
   
2. **Application Server**: Generates dynamic content by combining application logic and data stored in the database.
   
3. **Database**: Stores data used to generate dynamic content.

To ensure security, the server is protected by a firewall. The firewall filters incoming and outgoing traffic, preventing unauthorized access to the server and restricting the transmission of classified information. It acts as a security barrier, allowing only authorized and safe traffic to reach the server and blocking potentially harmful or disallowed requests. This robust security measure helps safeguard the server and the sensitive data it holds.

Below is an image illustrating the flow:



![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/x8fc4nw0q3welhyormci.png)
MongoDB: Unleashing the Power of NoSQL Data Management
Published: 2023-09-17 19:12:08

In today's data-driven landscape, where the variety and volume of data continue to expand, traditional relational databases often face limitations in terms of flexibility and scalability. 

## What Is MongoDB?

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gctl4p8lad9ceathr3cf.png)
MongoDB is a document-oriented NoSQL database designed to handle large volumes of data with exceptional flexibility. 

Unlike traditional relational databases that rely on tables and fixed schemas, MongoDB stores data in a format akin to JSON called BSON (Binary JSON). 

This document-based approach allows for dynamic and evolving data structures, making MongoDB an ideal choice for managing semi-structured and unstructured data.


## Why Should You Use MongoDB?

Here are some compelling reasons to consider MongoDB for your data management needs:

1. **Flexibility:** MongoDB's document-oriented model means you can store data with varying structures in the same database. This flexibility is particularly advantageous for applications with changing data requirements.

2. **Scalability:** MongoDB is built for horizontal scalability, making it suitable for applications that need to handle significant data growth and high traffic.

3. **Fast Data Retrieval:** With robust indexing capabilities, MongoDB ensures that data retrieval is lightning-fast, even when dealing with massive datasets.

4. **Aggregation Framework:** MongoDB includes a powerful aggregation framework for complex data processing and analytics tasks, simplifying data analysis within the database.

5. **Use Cases:** MongoDB shines in various applications, from content management systems and real-time analytics platforms to IoT data storage and e-commerce product catalogs[1].

Notable organizations, including Airbnb, Uber, and The New York Times, have harnessed MongoDB's capabilities to address their data management challenges and deliver exceptional user experiences.

In conclusion, MongoDB stands at the forefront of modern data management, offering the agility, scalability, and performance required to meet the demands of today's data-intensive applications. 

Whether you're building a dynamic web application, a real-time analytics platform, or an IoT ecosystem, MongoDB's versatility and features make it a compelling choice.

Dive into MongoDB more:
[1] https://www.mongodb.com/nosql-explained
[2] https://www.mongodb.com/nosql-explained/advantages
[3] https://www.mongodb.com/databases/types
Managing Multiple GitHub Accounts
Tags: tutorial, productivity, github, git
Published: 2023-09-17 19:10:20

Step 1: Create SSH keys

1. Open PowerShell on your local machine.
2. Run the following command to generate a new SSH key for your first GitHub account:

```powershell
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
```

3. Follow the prompts to specify a file location for the SSH key and set a passphrase (optional).

Step 2: Add SSH keys to the SSH agent

1. Start the SSH agent by running the following command in PowerShell:

```powershell
Start-Service ssh-agent
```

2. Add the private SSH key to the agent by running the following command, replacing `<private_key_path>` with the path to your private SSH key:

```powershell
ssh-add <private_key_path>
```

Step 3: Add the public key to your GitHub account

1. Copy the contents of the public key file by running the following command in PowerShell:

```powershell
Get-Content "<public_key_path>"
```

2. Go to your GitHub account settings in your web browser and navigate to "SSH and GPG keys".
3. Click on "New SSH key" and paste the copied public key into the "Key" field.
4. Give the SSH key a descriptive title and click on "Add SSH key" to add it to your GitHub account.

Step 4: Modify the SSH config file

1. In PowerShell, run the following command to create a new SSH config file or open an existing one:

```powershell
notepad $env:USERPROFILE\\.ssh\\config
```

2. In the text editor, add the following lines, replacing `<alias>` with an alias of your choice, and `<github_username>` with your first GitHub account's username:

```powershell
Host <alias>
  HostName github.com
  User <github_username>
  IdentityFile <private_key_path>
```

3. Save and close the config file.

Step 5: Fork & clone repos

1. In PowerShell, navigate to the directory where you want to clone a repository.
2. Run the following command to clone a repository from your first GitHub account, replacing `<alias>` with the alias you set in the config file, and `<repo_url>` with the URL of the repository you want to clone:

```powershell
git clone git@<alias>:<github_username>/<repo_url>.git
```

3. You may be prompted to enter the passphrase for your SSH key if you set one during the key generation process.

That's it! You can now work with multiple GitHub accounts using SSH keys and PowerShell. Remember to repeat these steps for each additional GitHub account you want to work with, using a different alias, SSH key, and GitHub username for each account.
Understanding Databases: The Backbone of Modern Data Management
Published: 2023-09-17 19:02:30


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cme1xti2x2xnl4tmphvg.png)

Databases are structured collections of data organized in a way that enables efficient data storage, retrieval, and management. 

They serve as digital filing cabinets where information is systematically stored, categorized, and made accessible for various purposes. Databases come in various forms, each designed to cater to specific data management needs.

## Need for Databases
The need for databases arises from the following key reasons:

1. **Data Organization:** Databases provide a structured and organized way to store data, making it easier to manage and locate information when needed.

2. **Data Retrieval:** They enable quick and efficient retrieval of data, allowing applications to access and present information to users with minimal delay.

3. **Data Integrity:** Databases enforce data integrity by ensuring that data is accurate, consistent, and free from errors or duplication.

4. **Concurrency Control:** In multi-user environments, databases manage concurrent access to data to prevent conflicts and maintain data consistency.

5. **Scalability:** As data volumes grow, databases can scale to accommodate more data and increased user demand.

As the volume and complexity of data continue to grow exponentially, the importance of a robust database management system (DBMS) becomes even more critical. 

A modern DBMS enables organizations to harness the power of their data and turn it into a strategic asset. It enables efficient data storage, rapid retrieval, and manipulation, and ensures that critical information is readily available for decision-making.

MongoDB is a powerful DBMS that is a valuable choice for many modern applications.
Basic Usage of Pug Templating Engine
Tags: pug, htmlk, tutorial
Published: 2023-09-17 18:38:31



## Introduction

Pug is a template engine for Node.js that allows for clean, readable code for generating HTML. In this guide, we'll go over basic usage, syntax, and examples.

## Table of Contents

1. [Installation](#installation)
2. [Basic Syntax](#basic-syntax)
3. [Simple Examples](#simple-examples)

---

### Installation

To start using Pug, you can install it via npm:

```bash
npm install pug
```

---

### Basic Syntax

Pug syntax is fairly straightforward:

- Tags are written as plain text, without angle brackets.
- Text content follows the tag after a space.
- Nesting is accomplished through indentation.

```pug
html
  head
    title My Page
  body
    h1 Hello, world!
```

This will generate:

```html
<html>
  <head>
    <title>My Page</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
  </body>
</html>
```

---

### Simple Examples

**Interpolation**

You can use `#{variable}` to interpolate variables.

```pug
- var name = "John"
p Hello, #{name}!
```

**Conditionals**

Pug allows you to use `if-else` conditions.

```pug
- var user = true
if user
  p Logged in
else
  p Not logged in
```

**Loops**

You can iterate over arrays or objects.

```pug
- var items = ['Apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']
ul
  each item in items
    li= item
```

---
Building a Blog with Pug and Node.js: A Comprehensive Guide
Published: 2023-09-17 18:31:33


## Introduction

In this tutorial, we'll explore how to build a simple blog using Pug as the templating engine and Node.js with Express as the backend. This guide is well-suited for developers interested in full-stack development and who are particularly experienced with backend systems.

## Table of Contents

1. [Installation & Setup](#installation--setup)
2. [File Structure](#file-structure)
3. [Creating Layouts with Pug](#creating-layouts-with-pug)
4. [Building the Homepage](#building-the-homepage)
5. [Creating Blog Posts](#creating-blog-posts)
6. [Bonus: Dynamic Blog](#bonus-dynamic-blog)

---

### Installation & Setup

#### Installing Dependencies

Run the following commands:

```bash
npm init -y
npm install express pug
```

### File Structure

Your directory should look like this:

```
/blog-app/
|-- views/
|   |-- layout.pug
|   |-- index.pug
|   |-- post.pug
|-- app.js
|-- package.json
```


### Creating Layouts with Pug

#### layout.pug

```pug
doctype html
html
  head
    block title
      title Blog - Default Title
  body
    block content
```

Here, we've used Pug's `block` features, which allows us to define placeholders for dynamic content.


### Building the Homepage

#### index.pug

```pug
extends ./layout.pug

block title
  title Blog - Home

block content
  h1 Welcome to My Blog
  ul
    each post, index in posts
      li
        a(href="/post/" + post.id)= post.title
```

We use the `extends` keyword to inherit from `layout.pug`. The `each` loop is used to iterate over our posts.


### Creating Blog Posts

#### post.pug

```pug
extends ./layout.pug

block title
  title Blog - #{post.title}

block content
  h1= post.title
  p= post.content
```

We use the `#{\}` syntax to interpolate variables in Pug. This makes our blog post titles dynamic.



### Bonus: Dynamic Blog

#### app.js

```javascript
const express = require('express');
const app = express();

app.set('view engine', 'pug');

const posts = [
  { id: 1, title: 'First Post', content: 'This is the first post.' },
  { id: 2, title: 'Second Post', content: 'This is the second post.' },
];

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
  res.render('index', { posts });
});

app.get('/post/:id', (req, res) => {
  const post = posts.find(p => p.id === parseInt(req.params.id));
  res.render('post', { post });
});

app.listen(3000, () => {
  console.log('Server running on http://localhost:3000');
});
```

Here, we've used Express to set up our server and routes. We also created a mock `posts` array to simulate the data that you would typically fetch from a database.
The Top 5 Sites to Find Remote Work (from the Comfort of Your Pajamas)
Tags: remote, job, workplace, hiring
Published: 2023-09-17 17:48:02


Hey there, work-from-home warriors! 😎

Ever dreamt of attending a work meeting while lounging on your couch in a unicorn onesie? Well, it’s 2023, and anything’s possible! If you’re on the hunt for that perfect 100% remote job, look no further. Here's the ultimate (and slightly quirky) guide to the top platforms to land that dream remote job. 🌈💼

1. **Remote.co**: 
   - Think of it as the "VIP lounge" for remote work. Whether you’re a coding ninja, design diva, or a word wizard, Remote.co is your red carpet to the work-from-home elite. Sparkly shoes optional! ✨

2. **We Work Remotely**: 
   - Imagine a bustling online market but with jobs instead of veggies. It's the farmers' market of remote opportunities. Freshly picked roles in coding, design, sales, and beyond await!

3. **FlexJobs**:
   - It's the guarded treasure chest of remote work. While you need a "magic key" (a.k.a subscription) to unlock the job listings, you're guaranteed no dragons – meaning, no scammy jobs. All treasures, no traps! 🐉🔑

4. **Remote OK**:
   - The hipster coffee shop of remote work platforms. It's buzzing with digital nomads and has a menu (read: job listings) that caters to everyone – from app developers to marketing maestros.

5. **Working Nomads**:
   - Not just a job board but a calling for the wanderlust-infused worker bees. If your spirit animal is a combination of a techie and a wandering albatross, then this is your stop.

**Bonus Pro-tip**: Traditional job hubs like LinkedIn, Indeed, and Glassdoor are getting with the times and now offer filters for remote positions. It’s like your grandma finally understanding emojis. 🙌

So, there you have it! Grab your favorite mug, put on those fuzzy socks, and dive into the world of remote job hunting. May the Wi-Fi be ever in your favor! 🚀🏠

Remember: Whether you're in pajamas or in that 'special' T-shirt from 3 summers ago, the remote world welcomes all. Happy hunting! 🌐🎉
Mastering the `array.reduce()` Method in JavaScript
Tags: webdev, javascript, programming, beginners
Published: 2023-09-17 17:31:54

## Stop Adding the Ordinary Way: Mastering the Power of the reduce() Method in JavaScript





The `array.reduce()` method is a fundamental tool in JavaScript for performing operations on arrays. It allows you to condense an array into a single value by applying a given function to each element, ultimately accumulating the results. Whether you're dealing with numerical data or complex objects like products, `reduce()` can streamline your code. Let's explore how it works through two practical examples.

## Basic Usage: Summing an Array of Numbers

Imagine you have an array of numbers and you want to find their sum. Here's how you can do it using `reduce()`:

```javascript
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

const sum = numbers.reduce((accumulator, currentValue) => {
  return accumulator + currentValue;
});

console.log(sum); // Output: 15 (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5)
```

In this example:

- `accumulator` accumulates the result.
- `currentValue` represents the current element being processed.

The `reduce()` method iterates through each number, applying the provided function to accumulate the sum.

## Advanced Usage: Calculating the Total Price of Products

Now, let's tackle a more complex task—calculating the total price of a list of products. Each product is represented as an object in an array:

```javascript
const products = [
  {
    id: 1,
    name: 'item 1',
    price: 29.99,
    description: "Product 1",
    category: "Electronics"
  },
  {
    id: 2,
    name: 'item 2',
    price: 19.95,
    description: "Product 2",
    category: "Clothing"
  },
  {
    id: 3,
    name: 'item 3',
    price: 49.99,
    description: "Product 3",
    category: "Home Decor"
  },
  {
    id: 4,
    name: 'item 4',
    price: 9.99,
    description: "Product 4",
    category: "Kitchen"
  }
];

const totalPrice = products.reduce((accumulator, currentProduct) => {
  return accumulator + currentProduct.price;
}, 0);

console.log("Total Price of All Products: $" + totalPrice.toFixed(2));
```

In this case, we use `reduce()` to iterate through the array of products and accumulate their prices. The `accumulator` starts at 0, and the function adds the `price` of each product to it, resulting in the total price.

## Conclusion

The `array.reduce()` method is a versatile tool that simplifies array operations in JavaScript. It's not limited to numbers; it can be applied to arrays of any data type. Understanding how to use it effectively can significantly enhance your ability to manipulate and analyze data in your JavaScript applications. So, harness the power of `reduce()` and level up your coding skills!
Step-by-Step Guide: Converting C# Object to JSON
Tags: webdev, programming, beginners, csharp
Published: 2023-09-17 17:31:54

Dealing with data in different formats is a routine task when working with C#. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a widely used format for sharing data. It's user-friendly and computer-friendly, making it a popular choice for storing and exchanging information. In this article, we'll guide you through the process of transforming a C# object into JSON format, one step at a time.

## Step 1: Create a C# Object
Let's start with a C# object you want to turn into JSON. This object could be a class instance, a collection, or any custom data structure. To illustrate, let's use a basic example: the "Person" class.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/57wpb618y1zc5yegirmx.png)

## Step 2: Use a JSON Serialization Library

To make this conversion happen, you'll require a JSON serialization library. Luckily, C# comes equipped with built-in options such as Newtonsoft.Json, often referred to as JSON.NET, which enjoys widespread use in the C# community.

Getting JSON.NET on board is straightforward. You can install it using NuGet Package Manager or the built-in package manager in Visual Studio. Once installed, it's ready to be integrated into your project.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/84jbp78vm97lcqs4n5ai.png)

## Step 3: Serialize the C# Object

Now that you have your C# object and the JSON serialization library in place, it's time to perform the actual conversion. Here's a simple example of how to serialize a Person object:


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4dci6zam1i0k58pptlrq.png)

In this snippet, we first create a Person object with some sample data. Then, we use the JsonConvert.SerializeObject method provided by JSON.NET to convert the person object into a JSON string stored in the JSON variable.

## Step 4: Handle Serialization Options (Optional)
JSON serialization often comes with various options. You can customize the serialization process to exclude specific properties, format dates, or handle null values differently. JSON.NET allows you to achieve this through attributes or by configuring the JsonSerializerSettings.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/irvf5n2eymd0ov7023v8.png)

In this example, we customize the JSON serialization process using JsonSerializerSettings. We set NullValueHandling to Ignore, which means that any null properties in the person object will be excluded from the JSON output. We also set Formatting to Indented to make the JSON output more human-readable with proper indentation which is evident in the console display.

## Conclusion
Transforming C# objects into JSON is a crucial skill for every C# developer. With handy tools like JSON.NET and the easy steps we've shared in this guide, you can effortlessly manage JSON data in your C# projects. Whether you're crafting web services, interfacing with APIs, or managing data storage, becoming adept at JSON serialization is a valuable addition to your programming toolbox.
jacoco-badge-generator 2.11.0 Released
Tags: java, github, showdev, kotlin
Published: 2023-09-17 17:30:30

## TL;DR

I just released [jacoco-badge-generator](https://github.com/cicirello/jacoco-badge-generator) 2.11.0, which can be run as a [GitHub Action](https://dev.to/cicirello/jacoco-coverage-badges-pr-coverage-checks-and-pr-coverage-comments-from-github-actions-4a8f) or as a [command-line utility](https://dev.to/cicirello/the-jacoco-badge-generator-github-action-is-now-also-available-as-a-cli-tool-from-pypi-3ma0) as part of CI/CD workflows for Java projects, as well as for projects in other JVM languages such as Kotlin, to parse JaCoCo test coverage reports, generate instructions coverage and branches coverage badges for project READMEs, serve as pull-request checks (e.g., validate minimum coverage thresholds), among other functionality.


## Changelog 2.11.0 - 2023-09-15

### Added
* Option to customize heading for GitHub Actions workflow job summary 

### Dependencies
* Bump cicirello/pyaction from 4.22.0 to 4.23.0


## Details of New Option

In addition to generating the coverage badges, and optionally performing the coverage PR checks, the jacoco-badge-generator GitHub Action also logs the coverage percentages to the GitHub workflow job summary page, which can be found on the Actions tab of your repository. Prior to this release, the heading of that logged output was simply `JaCoCo Test Coverage Summary`, and not customizable. In most cases, there is no need to customize this. However, for those running the action multiple times in the same workflow to generate coverage badges for multiple modules, that fixed heading made the workflow job summary difficult to read (e.g., output for all modules began with same heading).

This release adds an action input that can be used to customize the heading. For example, in the multi-module case, you can use the new option to use a different heading for each module. The new input is `workflow-summary-heading`, and can be used to change the heading from its default with something like: `workflow-summary-heading: Module 1 JaCoCo Test Coverage Summary`.


## More Information

Please consider starring the jacoco-badge-generator's GitHub repository:

{% github cicirello/jacoco-badge-generator %}

For more information, see the project webpage and my earlier posts about the jacoco-badge-generator here on DEV:

{% embed https://actions.cicirello.org/jacoco-badge-generator/ %}

Post with general information and example GitHub Action workflows: 

{% link https://dev.to/cicirello/jacoco-coverage-badges-pr-coverage-checks-and-pr-coverage-comments-from-github-actions-4a8f %} 

Post about CLI mode:

{% link https://dev.to/cicirello/the-jacoco-badge-generator-github-action-is-now-also-available-as-a-cli-tool-from-pypi-3ma0 %}

Post with example multi-module workflows:

{% link https://dev.to/cicirello/jacoco-coverage-badges-for-multi-module-projects-in-github-actions-ace %}


## Where You Can Find Me

Follow me [here on DEV](https://dev.to/cicirello) and on [GitHub](https://github.com/cicirello):

{% user cicirello %}

Or visit my website:

{% embed https://www.cicirello.org/ %}