Blockchain Basic - Key Takeaways
Tags: blockchain, beginners
Published: 2023-11-23 19:35:17

Welcome to a comprehensive exploration of blockchain technology, where we unravel the intricacies from defining a blockchain to understanding its underlying algorithms and techniques. In this blog, we will highlight the key takeaways from each week of our journey through the world of decentralized ledgers and smart contracts.

Week One: Defining a Blockchain

Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Network
- Blockchain operates on a decentralized peer-to-peer network, fostering direct user-to-user interactions.
- A collective trust model is established among unknown peers, creating a distributed trust infrastructure.

Distributed Immutable Ledger
- Data is not centralized on one powerful server, preventing unauthorized alterations or deletions.
- Transactions in the Bitcoin Blockchain transfer value, guided by the Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) concept.

Transaction Validation and Block Creation
- Core operations involve transaction validation and block creation, achieving consensus among participants.
- Smart Contracts empower code execution on the blockchain, introducing broader applications.

Private and Permissioned Blockchains
- Innovations like smart contracts broaden blockchain applications.
- Private and permissioned blockchains enable controlled access, supporting diverse business models.

Week Two: Ethereum Blockchain

Smart Contracts in Ethereum
- Smart contracts enhance the basic value transfer capability of the Bitcoin Blockchain.
- Solidity, a high-level programming language, is used for writing smart contracts on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM).
Accounts and Transactions
- Ethereum accounts include external owned accounts (EOA) and smart contract accounts.
- Transactions involve transfer of Ethers and messages for invoking smart contracts.

Miners, Fees, and Gas Points
- Ethereum miners receive fees (gas points) for securing, validating, executing smart contracts, and creating blocks.

Week Three: Algorithms and Techniques

Elliptic Curve Cryptography and Hashing
- Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) generates key pairs in Bitcoin and Ethereum.
- Hashing ensures data integrity and uniqueness, playing a crucial role in blockchain security.

Asymmetric Cryptography
- Public-private key pairs in asymmetric cryptography encrypt and decrypt data.


Week Four: Essentials of Trust

Merkle Tree and Proof of Work
- Merkle tree construction involves hashing paired data to ensure data integrity.
- Proof of work deters cyber-attacks like distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) by exhausting resources.

Forks and Trust in Blockchain
- Forks, both soft and hard, contribute to the robustness and credibility of the blockchain framework.
- Well-managed forks handle exceptions, building trust in the blockchain.

Ommer Blocks
Ommer blocks enhance the security of the main chain, though they are not considered the canonical truth.

Conclusion

In this journey through the basics of blockchain technology, we've explored its decentralized nature, transaction mechanisms, Ethereum's smart contracts, cryptographic foundations, and essential elements of trust. As we conclude this blog, remember that blockchain is a continuously evolving field, and staying informed is key to navigating its complexities. Stay tuned for more insights into the world of blockchain technology.