A Complete Guide To CSS Masking
Tags: css, webdev, beginners, programming
Published: 2023-07-25 15:39:41

Since the inception of the web, [web design](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/20-elements-of-modern-web-design/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=blog) has been a huge part of it. Web designers use different approaches to design web pages, but this comes with some limitations, as only some designs can be implemented on the web, especially when working with media files, image assets, or SVG files.

Things can get complex and, most times, difficult to do. For example, before the introduction of CSS masking, designers used raster graphic editing software like Photoshop to add CSS masking to images before importing them to the web.

This approach can be a herculean task, especially when working with larger or multiple images.

One can not apply CSS masking to 50 or more images before importing them for use on the web. Doing so will lead to a slow and tedious development process, not to mention. There are cases of accessibility, [browser compatibility](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/cross-browser-compatibility?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub), and color contrast, just to mention a few.

To fix this problem, the CSS masking property has been added to the CSS specification. This enables the smoothness and ease of applying masks to images on the web.

In this blog, we will explore what is CSS masking and how to apply CSS masking to blend images, videos, text, SVGs (Scalable Vector Graphics). We will also look at CSS masking properties and sub-properties, CSS mask border properties, browser compatibility, and other CSS masking properties and their use cases.

Let’s get started!
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## What is CSS Masking

CSS masking involves partially or fully hiding parts of a visual element, such as images, videos, or SVGs. Applying CSS masking involves using another graphical element, such as images, SVGs, or text, as an alpha or luminance mask.

When using an alpha mask, the object receiving the mask conforms to the shape of the object that is applying the mask. The shape becomes visible while other parts of the element become partially or fully hidden.

Let’s look at an example:

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2560/0*Yq7pvPQNQpkV15bX.png)

From the illustration above, we have two images, one with a *jpg *and the other with a *png *file extension. The *png *image supports transparency, which is best for CSS masking.

To make the CSS masking technique work, the *mask*.*png *is used as a mask to cover the *image.jpg* file revealing only the portion of the mask image shape.

Look at the below image for a clear vision:

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2560/0*nv1nPFLjqjS7AZuG.png)
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Contrary to what you would think, CSS masking doesn’t crop out the image; instead, it hides part of the surrounding area of the object leaving only the mask area. This enables us to style the mask using the mask properties.

## Real-Life Examples of Websites using CSS Masking

CSS masking has many benefits. It allows web designers and developers to hide parts of an element on the web. This can be either through text, PNG image shapes, or SVG elements. However, masking in CSS is not limited to hiding parts of an element. It can also be used to apply transparency to web elements, making the element blend well with the web page’s background.

Let’s look at real-world examples of where CSS masking has been used on popular websites.

## Making Content Text

Here is a simple example of how LambdaTest used CSS masking to hide some parts of the content from the user with an option to reveal upon click (the ***Read More*** button). This limited the amount of content exposed to the user when browsing the website.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*WsZIuu9xFONXVrAB.png)

This technique can be very helpful as it allows users to scroll through multiple options before deciding on the actual top to read.

However, it can also be used to restrict who gets access to particular content, such as exclusive content for subscribers.

Here is a perfect example from the Atlantic.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*mXS9nOoLmyXJ1Xy9.png)

Here, some parts of the web page are faded for subscribers only. This gives web authors control over who reads the content they publish on their website.
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## Linear Gradient Fading

While making content is great and has benefits, Images can also be blended with the page’s background.

This technique is handy, especially with landing pages. The MasterClass is a perfect example of how making images with linear gradients can improve user experience.

As you can see from their website, the CTAs buttons and display text have good color contracts from the background image and the web page’s background.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2702/0*_dN0vKMufXXM9nfs.png)

CSS is masking an image with a linear gradient that works simply. The black in the alpha channel is used to hide some parts of the image. The size or direction of the mask can be specified in the degree to determine how large the mask should grow to cover the selected image.

## Browser Compatibility

The browser compatibility for CSS masking is not fully supported in all browsers at the time of writing.

Browsers such as Chrome, Opera, and Edge have partial support and require the use of the *-webkit-* prefix for the property to function correctly. However, Safari and Firefox fully support specifying the property without vendor prefixes.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/0*FCXwwPg7jdA5Z-P8.png)

Source- caniuse.com

## CSS Masking Properties

The CSS masking properties are required when you want to add additional styling to a masking effect. For example, we can create a mask with the *mask-image* property and reposition it with the *mask-position* property.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2560/0*M5mpqXS_IudnAdvm.png)

The above image illustrates how to use the mask property in CSS masking.
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## mask-image property

The *mask-image* CSS masking property enables objects that support transparency to be used as a mask for another object or element.

The *mask-image* CSS masking property uses the *url()* CSS function to set the URL of the object to be used as a mask. However, in the absence of an image or SVG file, a gradient mask can be applied to the object

**Syntax:**

     /* Keyword value */
    mask-image: none;
     
     /*   Using gradient     */
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
    mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
     
    /*   Using images */
    -webkit-mask-image: url('/img/curved-triangle.svg');
    mask-image: url('/img/curved-triangle.svg');
     
    /*   Global Values  */
    mask-image: initial;
    mask-image: inherit;
    mask-image: revert;
    mask-image: unset;
    mask-image: revert-layer;

### Applying a gradient to mask-image

Here, we used the mask-image CSS masking property to apply a gradient mask to a specific element on the web page.

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
            <!-- Section One -->
            <section class="normal-container">
                <h1>Normal Image</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="normal">
            </section>
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>Gradient Mask</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

     body {
                overflow: hidden;
            }
     
            .main{
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
                grid-template-rows: auto;
                gap: 10px;
            }
     
            img {
                width: 100%;
            }
            
            h1 {
                font-size: 3em;
                font-family: calibri;
                text-transform: uppercase;
                margin: 0;
                background-color: aqua;
                text-align: center;
            }
     
            .normal {
                mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
            }
     
            .masking {
                -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
                mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
            }

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/wvYZWKV %}

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**Chrome Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*hiJu3m06e-vz6-Ms.png)

From the Chrome browser preview, the *mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent)*
only works on the second image and not the first one; this is because we set only one property on the normal-container element and the *-webkit- prefix* is omitted.

**Firefox Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*tAAu54kA1jTQkeeS.png)

From the Firefox browser preview, the *mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent)* works on both images because a browser prefix is unnecessary for the *mask-image* to function correctly.

The above browser output is run on Firefox with LambdaTest Real Time Testing. LambdaTest is a digital experience testing platform that allows you to check your CSS framework-based web projects across desktop and mobile environments. It lets you perform manual and [automated testing](https://www.lambdatest.com/automation-testing?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=webpage) on an [online browser farm ](https://www.lambdatest.com/online-browser-farm?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=webpage)of 3000+ real browsers, devices, and operating systems combinations.

To get the best result when working with the mask-composite property, try using Firefox instead of Chrome due to [browser compatibility issues](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/css-browser-compatibility-issues/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=blog).

{% youtube WYbyLfLM2-E  %}

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### Applying gradient direction to mask-image

We’ve seen how to apply gradients; the next thing to do is use the direction to linear gradients in mask-image.

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
            <!-- Section One -->
            <section class="normal-container">
                <h1>to top</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="to-top">
            </section>
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>To right</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="to-right">
            </section>
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>to bottom</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="to-bottom">
            </section>
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>to left</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="to-left">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            gap: 10px;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        h1 {
            font-size: 3em;
            font-family: calibri;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            margin: 0;
            background-color: aqua;
            text-align: center;
        }
     
        /* Fading the image from the bottom to the top */
        .to-top {
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to top, transparent, #000);
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to top, transparent, #000);
        }
     
        /* Fading the Image from left to right */
        .to-right {
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000);
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, #000);
        }
     
        /* Fading the image from top to bottom */
        .to-bottom {
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, #000);
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, transparent, #000);
        }
     
        /* Fading the image from right to left */
        .to-left {
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, transparent, #000);
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, transparent, #000);
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/RweORrq %}


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**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*_qE6giTjq7cj_OFI.png)

Here, we applied a linear gradient to four different directions on four separate elements on the web page.

### Applying gradient angle in the degree to mask-image

We can also specify the direction of the *mask-image* gradient in degrees. This will enable the angle to move in different directions.

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>Side by side masking</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="left-right">
            </section>
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <h1>Top and Bottom Masking</h1>
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="top-bottom">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            gap: 10px;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        h1 {
            font-size: 3em;
            font-family: calibri;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            margin: 0;
            background-color: aqua;
            text-align: center;
        }
     
        .left-right{
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 70%, transparent 100%);
        }
     
     .top-bottom{
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, #000 20%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, #000 20%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/XWxQKKg %}

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**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*-29DV8lHImNUiC5m.png)

Here, we specify the *mask-image* gradient to an angle of *90 deg and 180 deg*, respectively.

### Applying image to mask-image

Applying images to *mask-image* is very similar to the linear gradients we explained earlier. The CSS *url()* function is used to apply images as a mask-image.

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
    overflow-x: hidden;
    }
    .main {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto;
    place-items: center;
    height: 100vh;
    }
    img {
    width: 100%;
    }
    .masking-svg {
    -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
    -webkit-mask-size: 100px;
    mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
    mask-size: 100px;
    -webkit-mask-mode: alpha;
    }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/jOeRrYM %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*YiGIyiwmuRbuo8--.png)

The *mask-image* property behaves like the background property, so when you apply a single image, it repeats itself to fill the containing element, as shown above.

To fix this, the *mask-repeat* is set to no-repeat.

## mask-repeat property

The *mask-repeat* CSS masking property determines the direction in which the *mask image* should *repeat*. This could be either vertical or horizontal. It also determines the space between the repeated mask image.

The *mask-repeat* can be set to no-repeat to stop the mask image from repeating. Like the *background-repeat* property, the *mask-repeat* is set by default to repeat.

**Syntax:**

    /* repeat values */
    -webkit-mask-repeat: repeat;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: space;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: round;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: repeat-y;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: repeat-x;
     
    /* Specifying the horizontal and Vertical repeat */
    -webkit-mask-repeat: space repeat;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat round;
    -webkit-mask-repeat: round space;
     
    /*   Global Values  */
    -webkit-mask-image: initial;
    -webkit-mask-image: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert;
    -webkit-mask-image: unset;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert-layer;

**Values:**

* *repeat:* sets the mask-image to repeat and fill the entire container (tile)

* *no-repeat:* stop the mask-image from repeating

* *space:* sets the distance between the mask-image

* *round:* sets the mask-image to stretch to fit the available space within the container

* *repeat-y:* sets the mask-image to repeat in the y-axis (vertical)

* *repeat-x:* sets the mask-image to repeat in the x-axis (horizontal)

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
     
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .masking-svg {
            /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image:   url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
          /*    Image Credit credit at tympanus.net   */
            -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
          -webkit-mask-size: 100px;
     
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            mask-repeat: no-repeat;
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/ZEqZKYN %}

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**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*L1PoCy9uYpXtuYcn.png)

Here, the *no-repea*t values set the *mask-image* to stop repeating and display just one image.

## mask-size property

The *mask-size* CSS masking property determines the size of the *mask-image*. The keyword values can be used to determine a specific size ratio or multiple length values can be specified in one declaration.

**Syntax:**

    
    /* Keyword values */
    -webkit-mask-size: auto;
    -webkit-mask-size: contain;
    -webkit-mask-size: cover;
       
    /* Length values */
    -webkit-mask-size: 500px;
    -webkit-mask-size: 15rem;
    -webkit-mask-size:   2em;
    -webkit-mask-size:   30%;
     
    /* Vertical and Horizontal Axes*/
    -webkit-mask-size:   20%  20rem 20%;
    -webkit-mask-size:   200px 10em;
     
    /* Global Values  */
    -webkit-mask-image: initial;
    -webkit-mask-image: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert;
    -webkit-mask-image: unset;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert-layer;

**HTML:**

    <main class="main">
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

      body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .masking-svg {
              /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            -webkit-mask-size: 17em;
          
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            mask-size: 17em;
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/QWZPvNJ %}

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**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*C2b7a9GotiY2_w6h.png)

From the browser preview, the mask size is increased from its initial size to 17*em*.

## mask-position property

The *mask-position* CSS masking property determines the position of the *mask-image* within the container of the mask object. The mask position value is mostly specified by targeting the horizontal and vertical axes in a single declaration.

The mask-position takes both length and keyword values.

**Syntax:**

    
    /* Keyword Values */
    -webkit-mask-position: top;
    -webkit-mask-position: right;
    -webkit-mask-position: bottom;
    -webkit-mask-position: left;
    -webkit-mask-position: center;
     
    /* Length Values */
    -webkit-mask-position: 18px;
    -webkit-mask-position: 4rem;
    -webkit-mask-position: 8em;
    -webkit-mask-position: 50%;
     
    /* Specifying Multiple Values */
    -webkit-mask-position: 50% 50%;
    -webkit-mask-position: center center;
    -webkit-mask-position: 4em 50%;
    -webkit-mask-position: 500px center;
     
    /* Global Values  */
    -webkit-mask-image: initial;
    -webkit-mask-image: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert;
    -webkit-mask-image: unset;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert-layer;

**HTML:**

     <main class="main">
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .masking-svg {
            /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            -webkit-mask-size: 17em;
            -webkit-mask-position: center center;
     
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            mask-size: 17em;
            mask-position: center center;
            }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/yLRrbaW %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*eicXQZ0vOU5YyrUt.png)
>  **This guide focuses on test automation metrics, its significance, strategies, challenges, and key [test automation metrics](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/test-automation-metrics?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub) for measuring success.**

From the browser preview, we position the *mask-image* by specifying center center values to target both the horizontal and vertical axes in one declaration.

## mask-origin property

The *mask-origin* CSS masking property determines the origin of the *mask-image*. The origin, in this case, refers to the position of the element box model.

To understand how the element box model works, see the illustration below.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/0*rC2T55G2OAqIHWOn.png)

Using the *mask-origin* can be tricky and difficult at first to wrap your head around. Make sure you specify the *mask-image* on a block element with a closing tag. Set the background color, border, and text.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword Values */
    -webkit-mask-origin: margin-box;
    -webkit-mask-origin: border-box;
    -webkit-mask-origin: padding-box;
    -webkit-mask-origin: content-box;
     
    /* Multiple Values */
    -webkit-mask-origin: content-box, padding-box;
     
    /* Global Values  */
    -webkit-mask-origin: initial;
    -webkit-mask-origin: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-origin: revert;
    -webkit-mask-origin: unset;
    -webkit-mask-origin: revert-layer;

**Values:**

* *content-box:* set the mask-image position relative to the element content-box.

* *padding-box:* set the mask-image position relative to the element padding-box.

* *border-box:* set the mask-image position relative to the element border-box.

* *margin-box:* set the mask-image position relative to the element margin-box.

**HTML:**

     <main class="main">
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <p>This is a mask-origin example: Try multiple mask origin values to see different result
                </p>
                <img src="/img/cleancoding2.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .masking-container {
            border: 10px solid #000;
            background-color: #0ebac5;
            /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            -webkit-mask-repeat: repeat;
            -webkit-mask-size: 4em 4em;
            -webkit-mask-position: to top;
            -webkit-mask-origin: border-box;
     
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/LT-black.png);
            mask-origin: border-box;
            mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            mask-size: 4em 4em;
            mask-position: center center; 
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/yLRrbMd %}

>  **Learn the ins and outs of [test execution engine](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/test-execution-engine?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub)s through our extensive guide, and enhance your testing workflow with automation.**

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*iwGvDA50Fpf0fO74.png)

Here, the black around the logo is the border, since the mask-origin is set to border-box, the mask-origin starts positioning from the border of the element.

The *mask-composite* CSS masking property combines two or more mask images into a single one. To combine two images into one, for example, the mask-composite based on the value provided can either *add, subtract, intersect, or exclude* the images into one.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/0*glsM7ik8MpW-A2hx.png)

The *mask-composite* CSS masking property can be beneficial when the two images being combined are shapes and must be merged to form a new shape.

For accessibility and to get the desired result, PNG or SVG shapes are recommended, and for browser compatibility, Chrome does not have good support for the *mask-composite* property, use Firefox instead.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword values */
    -webkit-mask-composite: add;
    -webkit-mask-composite: subtract;
    -webkit-mask-composite: intersect;
    -webkit-mask-composite: exclude;
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-image: initial;
    -webkit-mask-image: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert;
    -webkit-mask-image: unset;
    -webkit-mask-image: revert-layer;

**Values:**

* *add:* both images (png or svg shapes) are added together to form a single image.

* *subtract:* the second image is subtracted from the first to form a single image.

* *intersect:* both images (png or svg shapes) are intersected from the overlapping angle.

* *exclude:* non-overlapping angles of both images are combined.

**HTML:**

     <main class="main">
            <!-- Section Two  -->
            <section class="masking-container">
                <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" class="masking-svg">
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .masking-svg {
            /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/curved-triangle.svg), url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/f786a998033224e244ce818ae6035ce4826df85a/img/Star.svg);
          
            -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            -webkit-mask-size: 17em;
            -webkit-mask-position: center center;
            -webkit-mask-origin: border-box;
            -webkit-mask-composite: add;
     
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/curved-triangle.svg), url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/f786a998033224e244ce818ae6035ce4826df85a/img/Star.svg);
          
            mask-repeat: no-repeat;
            mask-size: 17em;
            mask-position: center center;
            mask-origin: border-box;
            mask-composite: add;

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/QWZPvaP %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*m4QAvtiBvt74EH8y.png)

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*ShI-rWELee-U8wj4.png)
>  **This guide explores [Digital Transformation](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/digital-transformation?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub), its benefits, goals, importance and challenges involved in Digital Transformation.**

## mask-clip property

The *mask-clip* CSS masking property is used to set the area to which the mask will be applied. Depending on the value assigned to the mask-clip property, the mask can be clipped to the *margin-box*, *border-box*, *padding-box*, or content-box.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2560/0*2oVE_RMwIUjNDNtF.png)

However, *fill-box, stroke-box, and view-box* are also values that determine the area mask-clip applies to, but they are used when working with SVGs.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword Values Element*/
    -webkit-clip-origin: margin-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: border-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: padding-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: content-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: no-clip;
     
    /* Keyword Values SVGs*/
    -webkit-clip-origin: fill-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: view-box;
    -webkit-clip-origin: stroke-box;
     
    /* Multiple Values */
    -webkit-clip-origin: content-box, padding-box;
     
    /* Global Values  */
    -webkit-clip-image: initial;
    -webkit-clip-image: inherit;
    -webkit-clip-image: revert;
    -webkit-clip-image: unset;
    -webkit-clip-image: revert-layer;
    }

**Values:**

* *margin-box:* set the mask to start clipping from the margin of the box.

* *border-box:* set the mask to start clipping from the box’s border.

* *padding-box:* set the mask to start clipping from the padding of the box.

* *content-box:* set the mask to start clipping from the box’s content.

* *no-clip:* the mask is not clipped to the box.

* *fill-box:* set mask to clip to the object bounding box.

* *fill-stroke: *set mask to clip to the object stroke bounding box.

* *view-box: *use the SVG view-box as a reference for clipping to the object bounding box.

**HTML:**

     <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

     body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card { 
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
     
             /* Chrome and other webkit browsers */
            -webkit-mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/Star.svg);
            -webkit-mask-repeat: repeat;
            -webkit-mask-size: 5em;
            -webkit-mask-position: center center; 
            -webkit-mask-clip: content-box;
     
            /* Firefox */
            mask-image: url(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/Star.svg);
            mask-repeat: repeat;
            mask-size: 5em;
            mask-position: center center; 
            mask-clip: content-box;
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/gOQbwOX %}

>  **Explore our in-depth guide comparing [Protractor vs Selenium](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/protractor-vs-selenium?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub) to make informed decisions for your test automation needs. Gain valuable insights into the key differences, advantages, and ideal use cases of these widely-used testing frameworks.**

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*P5WW8u5vuG2jiVAY.png)

From the browser preview, the *mask-clip* is clipped starting from the content of the box. However, to see how the *mask-clip* works, try experimenting with other values of the *mask-clip* CSS masking property.

## mask-type property

The *mask-type* CSS masking property is used to determine the CSS masking type (mode) of the <*mask*> element. The mask-type is based on two values which are *luminance *and alpha.

The values (*luminance and alpha*) specified on the mask will determine how the *mask element* will render. However, the *mask-mode* property overrides the value set on the *mask-type* CSS masking property. For example, if the *mast-type* initial value is *luminance*, the *mask-mode* can be set to *alpha *to override it.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword values */
    -webkit-mask-type: luminance;
    -webkit-mask-type: alpha;
       
    /* Global Values  */
    -webkit-mask-type: initial;
    -webkit-mask-type: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-type: revert;
    -webkit-mask-type: unset;
    -webkit-mask-type: revert-layer;

The *mask-type* property directly applies to the mask element and has two values namely *luminance *and *alpha*.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*o3vaMrxPsrODmuL_.png)

Source- drafts.fxtf.org

### alpha

The alpha refers to the transparent part of an image (PNG) which is called the alpha channel. The alpha channel is the fourth channel of an image that supports transparency. The other three are *Red, Green, and Blue*, respectively, and are mostly referred to as RGB. However, the alpha channel it’s called *RGBA*, the “*A*” being the alpha channel (transparency).

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*-lFib9KWYjzxV0PO.png)

Source- vectornator.io

Images that support or have alpha channels are PNG images (PSD, TGA, DDS, or TIFF also support alpha channels). Images such as JPG (jpeg) do not have an alpha channel, and as a result, transparency can not be applied to it.

An image’s alpha channel does not have color information aside from black and white. The black is used to completely hide content by masking it, while the white is used to show hidden mask content.

The degree of the alpha channel can be present as opacity, and it ranges from 0.0 to 1. Where 0 means complete transparency, and one (1) means opaque. The values can also be specified as 0.5, which means the object should be slightly translucent. This is very common when defining the *box-shadow* property.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*LaSwS1GCIqrwB4B9.png)

The alpha channel is very useful when you want to mask out an image or apply transparency so that you can see through an element or image.

And in the case of CSS masking, when we use *alpha*, it’s to hide or show the specified mask element or image.

In the absence of alpha, luminance can be used.

### luminance

The luminance value specifies that the luminance of the *mask-image* or element mask should be used instead of the transparent alpha value.

This value can be a solid black, white, or faded mask which is a computed value from the alpha channel and the image or element RGB value specified on the object.

**HTML:**

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 255.26 242.77">
     
    <mask id="maskExmaple">
        <polygon points="127.63 0 165.74 81.75 255.26 92.73 189.29 154.23 206.51 242.77 127.63 199.03 48.75 242.77 65.97 154.23 0 92.73 89.52 81.75 127.63 0" fill="black"/>
        </mask>
    </svg>
     
    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="" />

**CSS:**

    body {
        display: grid;
        place-items: center;
        height: 100vh;
        background: #0ebac5;
    }
     
    svg {
        display: block;
        width: 100px;
        height: 100px;
    }
     
    img {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 450px;
        margin: auto;
        -webkit-mask-image: url(#maskExmaple);
        mask-image: url(#maskExmaple);
    }
     
    mask {
        -webkit-mask-type:alpha;
        mask-type: alpha;
    }

It’s important to note that as at the time of writing, the support of *mask *property is not that great in Chrome and might not show on your browser due to browser compatibility issues. Try using Firefox instead.
**Output**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/GRwgMxb %}

>  **Boost Your Mobile App’s Performance! Discover Proven Strategies for [Mobile Performance Testing](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/mobile-performance-testing?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub). Increase User Satisfaction & Rankings. Get Results Fast!**

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*i_7LPhB6im0rmRrD.png)

Here, the *alpha *value specified in the CSS masking property is used to display the star object mask that is hidden with the *black *fill specified on the SVG polygon tag in the HTML file.

## mask-mode

The *mask-mode* CSS masking property is used to override the value set on the *mask-type* property. For example, if the *mast-type* initial value is *alpha*, the *mask-mode* can be set to *luminance *to override it.

The *mask-mode* CSS masking property takes three values: *luminance, alpha, and match-source.*

Unlike the *luminance *and *alpha *value, which are very specific, the *match-source*, depending on the source of the object, is used as a mask. If SVG is used as a mask, the SVG *luminance *value should be used as a mask on the image layer. However, if <*image*> is used as a mask, the alpha value of the image should be used as a mask on the image layer.

From the previous example, we have an SVG as a mask, and we previously set it to alpha, and we set the polygon fill to black in the HTML file.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*iA12KqTpMJKbAK8h.png)

To see how the *mask-mode* and *luminance work*, change the fill in polygon to orange (you can use any color of your choice) and then set the *mask-mode* to luminance in the CSS file.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*cIuk9liYCZiZQsjS.png)

Your browser output should be like this.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*hQvDN06nA-h6e3ta.png)

From the browser preview, we have a slightly faded mask compared to the previous example.

## Border Box Mask

Let us further discuss the properties of border box masks.

## mask-border

The *mask-border* CSS masking property is used to set the border mask image on a specified element. The *mask-border* property is a shorthand property and has the following longhand properties.

* *mask-border-source*

* *mask-border-slice*

* *mask-border-mode*

* *mask-border-width*

* *mask-border-outset*

* m*ask-border-repeat*

When in use, the *mask-border* CSS masking property masks the edges of the specified element’s border, then the image is split into nine sections or regions by the m*ask-border-slice* property.

The *mask-border-slice* controls how the image is divided into regions depending on the values provided; it can also act like a background with the *fill value*. However, the other longhand properties are used to style the image that has been sliced.

**Syntax:**

      /* source | slice | width | outset | repeat | mode */
    mask-border: url("icon-star.png") 25 / 35px / 12px space alpha;
     
      /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border: revert-layer;
        }

### Browser Compatibility

At the time of writing this blog, the mask-border shorthand and longhand property is not supported yet in major browsers and as a result requires the use of non-standard property on Chromium-based browsers for testing. These properties include:

* *mask-box-image-source*

* *mask-box-image-repeat*

* *mask-box-image-width*

* *mask-box-image-outset*

* *mask-box-image-mode*

* *Mask-box-image-slice*

The above non-standard properties can be used as a replacement for testing purposes when working with *mask-border *longhand properties.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/0*PRx53q3FRxIW8Ukp.png)

[Source](https://caniuse.com/?search=mask-border)

The Firefox section is completely red, indicating NOT support in all Firefox versions. Chrome and other Chromium-based browsers support an outdated version of this property.
>  **This guide focuses on [test automation metrics](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/test-automation-metrics?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub), its significance, strategies, challenges, and key test automation metrics for measuring success.**

## mask-border-source

The *mask-border-source* CSS masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border* property. It is used to set the mask-border-image.

**Syntax:**

    /* Specified Values */
    mask-border-source: url("icon-star.png");
    mask-border-source: linear-gradient(to bottom, cyan, darkcyan);
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-source: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-source: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-source: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-source: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-source: revert-layer;
    }
     
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-source: initial;

The non-standard property for *mask-border-source* is *mask-box-image-source*.

Here is a preview of the image we will be using:

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*0NsB-0m8MTxq3NvO.png)

It is a 52 x 49 dimension png image. Now type and run the code below.

**HTML:**

     <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card 
            { 
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
      .mask {
          -webkit-mask-box-image-source: url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
    }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/ExOjgvj %}


**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2528/0*w_IY-4b5vSibpG-M.png)

Here, the image is rendered as a fill, you will learn how to split and repeat the image in the section below.

## mask-border-repeat

The *mask-border-repeat* CSS masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border* property. It is used to adjust the scale to fit the *mask-border-image* dimension.

The non-standard property for *mask-border-repeat* is *mask-box-image-repeat*. Like the first example, we will use it to test how the *mask-border-repeat* functions.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword value */
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: stretch;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: repeat;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: round;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: space;
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-repeat: revert-layer;
       
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: round;

**Values:**

* *stretch:* stretched to fill the gap between the mask-border-image.

* *repeat:* adjust and scale the source image around the element’s border.

* *round:* adjust and round the source image around the element’s border.

* *space:* adjust and apply spaces between the source image and the element border.

Now type and run the code below to see how this works.

**HTML:**

    <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card
            {
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
        .mask {
            -webkit-mask-box-image-source:  url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
     
            -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: repeat;
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/MWzwbKa %}

>  **Learn the ins and outs of [test execution engines](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/test-execution-engine?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub) through our extensive guide, and enhance your testing workflow with automation.**

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2528/0*JxAnGwbyWWvYfA-l.png)

Here, we applied the repeat value, which repeats the source image around the element’s border.

## mask-border-slice

The *mask-border-slice* CSS masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border property*, it is used to slice the image parsed by the *mask-border-source* into nine pieces, and these pieces are grouped in four corners, four edges, and a middle region.

The image below illustrates how the regions are distributed by their distance and size. The red is used to specify this.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*xZpx8lq5drWSq2Qi.png)

*Source- *developer.mozilla.

How the regions are organized is explained below

* The 1,2,3, and 4 boxes (zones) are the corners of the source image. This forms the corners of the mask-border image.

* The 5,6,7 and 8 boxes (zones) are used to form the edges. They are mostly repeated or scaled.

* The 9 box is the center of the region and is mostly discarded except if specified by the *fill* property.

The *mask-border-outset, mask-border-width*, and *mask-border-repeat* are used to modify the final render of the slice zones.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword value */
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: fill;
     
    /* length value */
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: 12;
     
    /* Percentage value */
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: 20%;
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-slice: revert-layer;
     
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-slice: 12;

The non-standard property for *mask-border-slice* is *mask-box-image-slice*. Just like the other examples, we are going to be using it to test how the *mask-border-slice* functions.

Try the code sample below

**HTML:**

    <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card 
            { 
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
        .mask {
            -webkit-mask-box-image-source: url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
     
            -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: repeat;
            -webkit-mask-box-image-slice: 12 20%;
     
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/gOQpLQN %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*-oPSlasUo6l1iqsJ.png)

Here, we remove the center region and slice the *top and bottom* by *12* and the *left* and *right* by *20%* (percent).

## mask-border-outset

The *mask-border-outset* CSS masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border* property; it is used to set the distance between the *border-box* and the element *mask-border*.

The non-standard property for *mask-border-outset* is *mask-box-image-outset*. We are going to be using it to test how the *mask-border-outset* functions.

**Syntax:**

    /* Number value */
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: 5;
     
    /* length value */
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: 1.2rem;
     
    /* Percentage value */
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: 20%;
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-outset: revert-layer;
     
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-outset: 20%;

**HTML:**

    <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

     body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card
            {
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
        .mask {
            -webkit-mask-box-image-source: url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
     
            -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: repeat;
            /* -webkit-mask-box-image-slice: 12 20%; */
            -webkit-mask-box-image-outset: 1rem;
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/XWybNvZ %}

>  **This guide explores Digital Transformation, its benefits, goals, importance and challenges involved in [Digital Transformation](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/digital-transformation?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub).**

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*O8odcHZ3fn47RUXM.png)

Here, a length value of 1rem is set on the outset of the mask-border. The *1rem* is applied on all four corners of the zones. If two values were provided, such as *1rem 12*, they will be applied to the *top-bottom and left-right*, respectively. However, it follows the anticlockwise direction in CSS together with properties like *margin and padding*.

## mask-border-width

The *mask-border-outset* CSS masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border* property. It is used to determine the width of the element’s border-mask.

The non-standard CSS masking property for *mask-border-width* is *mask-box-image-width*. We are going to be using it to test how the *mask-border-width* functions.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword value */
    -webkit-mask-border-width: auto;
     
    /* Number value */
    -webkit-mask-border-width: 5;
     
    /* length value */
    -webkit-mask-border-width: 1.2rem;
     
    /* Percentage value */
    -webkit-mask-border-width: 20%;
     
    /* top | right | bottom | left */
    mask-border-width: 1em 10px 5% auto;
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-width: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-width: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-width: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-width: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-width: revert-layer;
     
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-width: 1em 20%;

**HTML:**

    <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

    body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card
            {
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
        .mask {
            -webkit-mask-box-image-source: url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
     
      -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: repeat;
            -webkit-mask-box-image-outset: 1rem;
            -webkit-mask-box-image-width: 1rem 20%;
        }

**Output:**
{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/vYQOgKo %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*mBHMCzC10R65HNgY.png)

Here, we reduce the width by 1rem top and bottom and 20% left and right.

## mask-border-mode

The *mask-border-mode CSS* masking property is a longhand property of the *mask-border* property; it is used to set the blending mode of the element’s border-mask.

The non-standard property for *mask-border-mode* is *mask-box-image-mode*. We are going to be using it to test how the *mask-border-mode* functions.

**Syntax:**

    /* Keyword values */
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: luminance;
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: alpha;
     
    /* Global Values */
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: initial;
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: inherit;
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: revert;
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: unset;
    -webkit-mask-border-mode: revert-layer;
     
    /* Non Standard Property */
    -webkit-mask-box-image-mode: luminance;

**HTML:**

    <div class="main">
        <!-- No Effect -->
        <section class="card mask">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950813-021da2fc-cdf3-4409-9b0e-cbb73db6fd0c.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Clean Coding Practices for Test Automation: Part 2</h3>
                    <p>In this webinar, we learned about the clean coding practices with real-world scenarios and showcased the implementation of various design patterns.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
    </div>

**CSS:**

     body {
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
     
        .main {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns:1fr;
            grid-template-rows: auto;
            place-items: center;
            height: 100vh;
        }
     
        img {
            width: 100%;
        }
     
        .card
            {
                background-color: wheat;
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 18px;
                width: 300px;
                height: fit-content;
                border: 5px solid #0ebac5;
                padding: 20px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
        }
     
        .mask {
            -webkit-mask-box-image-source: url(https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/244883515-a1210117-14e5-4145-9b8d-96095939dfd3.png);
     
            -webkit-mask-box-image-repeat: round space;
            -webkit-mask-box-image-outset: 1rem;
            -webkit-mask-box-image-mode: luminance;
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/eYQNgyj %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*3s4dhqRxt9QOYCPs.png)

Here, the mask-border is set to a blend mode of *luminance*.

## HTML SVG Mask Element

We have covered what CSS masking is and the CSS masking properties. We’ve also covered the border box mask, the mask-border and mask-border longhand properties, what they are, and how to use them.

In this section, we will learn how to use the HTML SVG < mask > element and how to create stunning effects using text and Custom SVGs (Scalable Vector Graphics).

## Mask video with text

We will be creating a text that masks through a video, and the video plays in the background.

And by the end of this project, you should know how to work with the SVG < mask > element and use it in your project.

Let’s begin.

Here is what the complete project demo looks like.



Firstly, create an HTML file and type the code below.

**HTML:**

    <video loop autoplay muted preload playinline class="video-tag">
            <source src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950930-5b89bd67-4299-4ca0-883e-8273b745c054.mp4"/>
        </video>
     
        <svg width="100%" height="100%">
            <defs>
                <mask id="myText" width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0">
                    <rect width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0" />
                    <text x="50%" y="50%" fill="plum" text-anchor="middle">LambdaTest</text>
                </mask>
            </defs>
            <rect width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0" />
        </svg>

**CSS:**

    @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bowlby+One+SC&family=Koulen&family=Luckiest+Guy&display=swap');
        html {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        body {
            font-family: 'Bowlby One SC','Koulen','Luckiest Guy', cursive;
            width: 100vw;
            height: 100vh;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
     
        video {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
     
        svg {
            font-size: 8em;
            font-family: "Arial";
          font-weight: 900;
          text-transform: uppercase;
            transition: all 0.5s linear;
            position: absolute;
            inset: 0;
            height: 100%;
        }
     
        svg rect {
            fill: #fff;
            mask: url(#myText);
        }
     
        /* Media Query */
        @media screen and (max-width: 745px) {
            svg {
            font-size: 5em;
        }
        }

Now, save your CSS file and open it on the browser, your browser preview should be just like this.

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/LYgvpwv %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*uYQNxUBGnTJxRA0g.png)

From the browser preview, the SVG < mask > is used to create an alpha mask to mask on the video and text. To mask the text show, we add a fill color of #*fff* (white).

As stated earlier, the white is for showing hidden mask content by a *black* mask.

## Mask video with Custom SVG

Now that you have a better understanding of how to work with SVG *< mask >* tag. Let’s take our little project a bit further and more interesting by adding a custom SVG logo or shape.

Here is what the project demo looks like:

From the same project folder, create a new html file and give it any name of your choice.
I will call mine “*shape.html*”.

Next, type the HTML code in your text editor and open it in your browser.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*QYYG7yJnl9pI9G-H.png)

**HTML:**

    <video loop autoplay muted preload playinline class="video-tag">
            <source src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950930-5b89bd67-4299-4ca0-883e-8273b745c054.mp4"/>
        </video>
     
        <svg width="100%" height="100%">
            <defs>
                <mask id="myText" width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0">
                    <rect width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0" />
                   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 348.12 393.18">
      <path d="M247.96,38.68c-3.47-1.99-6.84-4.13-10.41-5.97-3.04-1.56-5.92-3.52-8.85-5.33-1.58-.97-3.4-1.55-4.77-2.9-.69-.69-1.93-.18-2.58-.85-1.75-1.79-4.06-2.7-6.05-4.09-2.48-1.73-5.29-2.84-7.86-4.38-1.26-.75-2.49-1.54-3.76-2.28-2.99-1.75-6.09-3.29-9.11-4.97-1.86-1.04-3.43-2.59-5.41-3.56-3.52-1.72-7-3.31-10.95-3.96-4.51-.75-8.87-.41-13.06,1.12-3.54,1.29-7.02,2.83-10.02,5.29-1.92,1.58-4.24,2.58-6.51,3.63-2.14,.99-4.01,2.43-6.04,3.61-3.9,2.27-7.78,4.58-11.77,6.7-1.04,.55-1.99,1.26-2.94,1.95-2.02,1.46-4.41,2.2-6.53,3.44-1.35,.79-2.58,1.8-3.94,2.58-3.13,1.79-6.43,3.31-9.43,5.29-3.64,2.4-7.51,4.4-11.19,6.74-3.17,2.01-6.57,3.72-9.89,5.51-2.62,1.41-5.33,2.77-7.54,4.85-.23,.22-.44,.41-.8,.52-3.48,1.05-6.24,3.42-9.36,5.12-2.69,1.46-5.22,3.26-8.12,4.33-.18,.07-.35,.23-.47,.34-2.51,2.18-5.68,3.3-8.35,5.2-.45,.32-.95,.62-1.47,.81-1.42,.51-2.78,.95-3.84,2.23-.37,.45-1.51,.75-2.15,1.13-2.99,1.81-6.1,3.42-9.08,5.24-2.04,1.24-3.97,2.77-6.32,3.52-1.17,.38-2.01,1.38-3.1,1.96-5.24,2.78-10.23,6-15.36,8.97-1.88,1.09-2.97,3.03-4.59,4.39-2.54,2.15-3.48,5.28-5.05,8.02-.4,.69-.34,1.54-.45,2.29-.6,4.16-1.07,8.35-.71,12.57,.03,.38,0,.76,0,1.14,0,56.14-.01,112.29,.03,168.43,0,2.92,.99,5.68,2.24,8.34,1.84,3.93,4.66,7.05,8.06,9.58,2.6,1.93,5.23,3.91,8.3,5.1,.93,.36,1.53,1.08,2.3,1.62,1.13,.8,2.43,1.34,3.73,1.84,.77,.3,1.52,.66,2.14,1.28,1.77,1.77,4.12,2.7,6.25,3.83,2.18,1.16,4.21,2.69,6.65,3.35,.24,.06,.34,.21,.48,.34,3.81,3.51,8.75,5.2,13.01,8.02,2.9,1.92,6.04,3.72,9.33,5.15,2.19,.95,4.12,2.65,6.27,3.78,3.2,1.68,6.17,3.73,9.4,5.37,2.47,1.26,4.91,2.74,7.23,4.32,2.03,1.38,4.49,2.07,6.2,3.92,.35,.38,.82,.45,1.16,.44,1.1-.03,1.8,.44,2.29,1.35,.19,.36,.47,.61,.82,.82,3.76,2.33,7.47,4.77,11.29,6.99,2.66,1.55,9.13,1.47,12.45-1.04,3.32-2.51,4.31-5.78,4.33-9.55,.07-11,.07-22,0-33-.02-2.67-.97-5.2-1.93-7.68-.25-.64-.74-1.08-1.29-1.48-.94-.7-1.93-1.38-2.3-2.6-.12-.41-.43-.64-.81-.82-4.93-2.39-9.49-5.42-14.21-8.18-2.36-1.38-4.9-2.49-7.15-3.97-4.68-3.09-9.76-5.48-14.45-8.55-2.97-1.94-6.19-3.51-9.28-5.27-1-.57-2.01-1.13-2.93-1.81-1.22-.89-2.59-1.47-3.89-2.18-2.27-1.24-4.83-2.06-6.59-4.16-.74-.88-1.84-1.28-2.92-1.65-3.24-1.13-3.63-2.14-3.72-5.39-.44-15.79-.17-31.58-.19-47.38-.04-27.28-.02-54.57,.01-81.85,0-2.12,.1-4.25,.15-6.37,.05-2.01,1.15-3.34,2.92-4.26,3.96-2.06,7.87-4.22,11.63-6.65,1.81-1.17,3.63-2.39,5.69-3.15,1.81-.67,3.21-2.04,4.89-2.96,4.41-2.41,8.88-4.76,13.04-7.56,3.11-2.09,6.69-3.28,9.68-5.5,3.45-2.56,7.37-4.34,11.02-6.58,2.7-1.67,5.49-3.26,8.26-4.85,7.05-4.04,14.1-8.08,21.06-12.28,2.45-1.48,5.11-2.52,7.44-4.29,2.4-1.82,5.36-2.88,7.92-4.53,2.56-1.64,5.42-2.71,7.88-4.52,3.06-2.25,6.67-3.55,9.97-5.38,.25-.14,.74-.13,1.14,.12,3.69,2.35,7.58,4.35,11.33,6.6,3.05,1.83,6.11,3.73,9.35,5.3,1.99,.96,4.06,2.04,5.83,3.58,1.48,1.28,3.45,1.99,5.17,3.01,3.39,1.99,6.67,4.2,10.17,5.97,2.13,1.08,4.25,2.25,6.27,3.45,2.75,1.62,5.53,3.24,8.28,4.87,3.92,2.32,7.78,4.77,11.87,6.8,1.51,.75,2.7,2.06,4.26,2.75,3.44,1.53,6.45,3.81,9.71,5.59,3,1.64,5.87,3.55,9.02,4.99,2.31,1.05,4.38,2.81,6.63,4.05,2.55,1.4,4.82,3.41,7.79,4.03,.36,.07,.73,.36,.97,.64,2.08,2.4,5.2,3.14,7.71,4.85,1.33,.91,2.8,1.64,4.36,2.22,1.53,.58,1.83,2.14,1.83,3.7-.01,8.39,0,16.77,0,25.16,0,6.26-.04,12.53,.02,18.79,.03,3.16,1.5,5.63,3.89,7.7,4.98,4.32,11.18,6.68,16.59,10.33,2.9,1.95,6.22,3.43,9.37,5.07,1.56,.81,2.76,2.27,4.43,3.07,3.41,1.65,6.9,2.56,10.63,1.42,1.92-.59,3.66-1.46,4.95-3.22,1.85-2.53,2.58-5.3,2.58-8.36,0-26.14,.01-52.28-.02-78.42,0-3.94-.79-7.78-2.66-11.24-1.28-2.38-2.25-5.07-4.82-6.61-.96-.58-1.7-1.56-2.45-2.43-.36-.42-.63-.94-1.17-1.12-2.57-.86-4.59-2.81-7.18-3.62-.41-.13-.8-.34-1.16-.63-2.53-2.09-5.61-3.29-8.3-5.11-1.91-1.3-4-2.3-5.98-3.43-2.22-1.27-4.37-2.73-6.72-3.86-2.77-1.33-5.42-3.1-8.08-4.74-2.68-1.65-5.39-3.25-8.18-4.71-1.11-.58-2.06-1.33-3.08-2-2.4-1.56-4.98-2.77-7.52-4.08-2.72-1.41-5.14-3.29-7.83-4.77-1.14-.62-2.18-1.44-3.45-1.74-.32-.08-.62-.23-.79-.38-2.4-2.16-5.36-3.49-8.09-5.1-2.49-1.47-5-3.01-7.74-4.13-1.66-.68-3.11-2.05-4.78-2.91" width="70%" height="70%"/>
      <path d="M173.46,163.82c-3.43-2.3-7.02-4.35-10.63-6.36-2.82-1.57-5.62-3.16-8.37-4.84-1.91-1.17-3.88-2.33-5.99-3.19-2.03-.83-3.75-2.31-5.45-3.56-1.66-1.22-3.45-1.69-5.18-2.44-3.15-1.37-6.45-1.55-9.79-.84-1.67,.35-3.28,1.07-4.69,1.88-2.3,1.33-4.64,2.63-6.83,4.21-1.46,1.06-3.25,1.94-4.97,2.75-1.88,.87-3.72,1.83-5.4,3.08-1.52,1.12-3.07,2.15-4.88,2.83-1.47,.55-2.77,1.56-4.08,2.44-2.6,1.76-5.56,2.85-8.24,4.46-1.74,1.05-3.42,2.17-4.81,3.55-2.72,2.7-5.07,5.7-4.79,9.92,.17,2.46-.5,5.02,.69,7.34,1.28,2.52,2.38,5.12,3.87,7.55,1.4,2.28,2.81,4.57,3.95,7.01,.78,1.66,2.27,2.88,2.92,4.58,1.43,3.77,4.45,6.02,7.74,7.76,3.73,1.98,7.76,2.19,11.91,.79,1.99-.67,3.78-1.68,5.49-2.74,2.74-1.71,5.69-3.03,8.41-4.77,1.83-1.17,3.48-2.69,5.66-3.38,1.48-.47,2.72-.68,4.11,.2,3.02,1.91,6.07,3.76,9.15,5.55,1.18,.69,2.55,1.01,3.59,1.97,.98,.9,1.49,1.86,1.49,3.28-.04,54.67-.03,109.35-.03,164.02,0,2.09,.56,4.12,.73,6.2,.08,1.08,1.01,2.04,1.73,2.94,1.57,1.95,3.32,3.64,5.52,4.95,4.75,2.83,9.59,2.8,14.55,.91,1.23-.47,2.28-1.35,3.37-2.13,2.01-1.44,3.64-3.27,5.61-4.73,2.18-1.61,4.45-3.1,6.43-5,1.64-1.57,3.46-2.98,5.33-4.33,2.69-1.94,5.35-4.06,7.14-6.87,1.23-1.93,1.92-4.26,2.04-6.65,.35-7.4,.07-14.81,.16-22.22,.38-31.58,.06-63.17,.16-94.75,0-2.61,0-2.61,.91-3.53,2.36,1.49,5.01,2.53,7.29,4.3,1.78,1.38,3.94,2.25,5.83,3.5,1.9,1.26,3.98,2.19,5.95,3.31,2.54,1.45,4.86,3.24,7.59,4.42,2.55,1.1,4.96,2.64,7.22,4.34,.43,.33,.78,.77,1.31,.97,3.97,1.51,7.38,3.98,10.97,6.16,2.49,1.51,5.15,2.76,7.67,4.26,2.45,1.46,4.87,2.99,7.32,4.47,.59,.35,1.07,.75,1.81,.81,2.18,.18,3.3,2.15,5.04,3.12,4.02,2.24,8.03,4.51,12.06,6.75,2.44,1.35,4.94,2.69,7.24,4.31,2.54,1.79,5.34,3.16,7.99,4.76,3.59,2.17,7.31,4.12,10.96,6.19,4.32,2.45,8.7,3.4,13.59,1.4,2.27-.93,4.17-2.08,6.06-3.62,3.29-2.69,5.67-6.22,8.79-9.02,1.56-1.4,2.85-3.07,4.43-4.39,1.78-1.48,3.29-3.22,4.62-5.01,1.47-1.97,2.4-4.33,2.38-6.97-.05-9.97-.01-19.93-.02-29.9,0-2.69-1.18-4.96-2.97-6.83-1.32-1.38-2.94-2.43-4.68-3.35-4.11-2.18-8.05-4.69-12.13-6.95-2.69-1.49-5.2-3.27-7.97-4.65-1.65-.82-3.13-1.99-4.75-2.91-1.92-1.09-3.99-1.73-6.06-2.42-1.63-.54-3.25-.48-4.9-.02-1.75,.5-3.77,.97-4.95,2.08-1.68,1.59-3.11,3.66-3.72,6.09-.38,1.52-.3,3.05-.31,4.58-.02,2.16-1.02,2.83-2.76,1.61-4.38-3.06-9.28-5.21-13.82-8.02-3.07-1.91-6.13-4-9.55-5.39-1.71-.7-3.13-2-4.7-2.98-2.04-1.28-4.19-2.36-6.3-3.44-2.99-1.54-5.52-3.81-8.62-5.14-1.47-.63-2.53-1.91-4.08-2.47-2.22-.81-4.12-2.14-5.92-3.7-1.18-1.02-2.85-1.31-4.25-2.1-2.16-1.22-4.14-2.8-6.51-3.61-.6-.2-1.03-.61-1.41-.92-2.76-2.19-6.15-3.27-8.99-5.23-3.02-2.08-6.29-3.69-9.34-5.68-.74-.48-1.47-.93-2.31-1.09-.66-.13-1.32-.36-1.77-.71-2.87-2.27-5.96-4.12-9.33-5.54-.55-.23-.97-.76-1.48-1.12-3.15-2.21-6.7-3.71-9.96-5.72-2.5-1.54-5.02-3.03-7.51-4.59-.72-.45-1.5-.69-2.3-.77-.64-.06-.9-.45-1.22-.85" width="70%" height="70%"/>
    </svg>
                </mask>
            </defs>
            <rect width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="0" />
     </svg>

From the HTML code sample we have here, we are using the *< mask >* tag to mask the SVG logo and the video under it.

We also have a rect SVG shape that is masked together with the logo and shape.

Now let’s create our CSS file and type the code below.

**CSS:**

     @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Bowlby+One+SC&family=Koulen&family=Luckiest+Guy&display=swap');
        html {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        body {
            font-family: 'Bowlby One SC','Koulen','Luckiest Guy', cursive;
            width: 100vw;
            height: 100vh;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
     
        video {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
     
      svg {
          font-size: 8em;
          font-family: "Koulen";
          transition: all 0.5s linear;
          position: absolute;
          inset: 0;
          height: 100%;
        }
     
        svg rect {
            fill: #fff;
            mask: url(#myText);
        }
     
        /* Media Query */
        @media screen and (max-width: 745px) {
            svg {
            font-size: 5em;
        }
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/OJBGMMR %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*9ZK4B1hl083eLZdK.png)

To show the SVG logo, the *< rect >* shape is targeted and a fill of #fff (white is added) to display the logo.

### Browser Compatibility

The SVG *< mask >* Element has great support in all major browsers, so using it will bring the best result.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/3200/0*1g4DZV5DQTjaCZQC.png)

Source- caniuse.com

## Adding CSS Transitions to CSS Masking Property

Adding [CSS transitions](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/css-transforms-and-transitions-property/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=blog) to CSS masking property can help improve the look and feel of our website or application. It gives the user a sense of interactivity as they navigate the application, and it leads to good performance and optimization.

In this section, let’s implement the properties we have learned till now by building simple card components with CSS masking and transiting them.

Let’s begin.

**HTML:**

    <main>
            <section class="container">
                <!-- Card One -->
                <section class="card card-one">
                    <div class="image-wrapper">
                        <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/246862734-89696683-7d0c-45af-b8d0-ddd9b59a986d.png" alt="">
                    </div>
                    <div class="content">
                        <h3>Plugins & Extensions</h3>
                        <p>Dedicated WordPress plugin and Chrome Extension to help you perform cross-browser testing and capture full-page
                        screenshots.</p>
                    </div>
                </section>
     
            <!-- Card Two -->
            <section class="card card-two">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/246862738-773376b6-5b2d-411c-ba27-a96d92dc6150.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Test Locally hosted pages</h3>
                    <p>Local hosted web testing to help you test in dev environments and save your website or app from after deployment bugs.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
     
            <!-- Card Three -->
            <section class="card card-three">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/246862710-a24aeea8-cce5-466e-b49f-903ac6b41bc1.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Geolocation testing</h3>
                    <p>Test your website or mobile app from different geoIPs to make sure your users get the perfect experience across all
                    locations.</p>
                </div>
            </section>
     
            <!-- Card Four -->
            <section class="card card-three">
                <div class="image-wrapper">
                    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/246862742-4ee6ff1a-01ae-4766-bfe5-4910144d1db3.png" alt="">
                </div>
                <div class="content">
                    <h3>Accessibility Testing</h3>
                    <p>Harness the power of Screen Reader and Speech Viewer using NVDA (Non-Visual Desktop Access) for Windows and Mac </p>
                </div>
            </section>
     
            </section>
    </main>

**CSS:**

    /* Removing default white space */
            *,*::after, *::before {
                padding: inherit;
                margin: inherit;
                box-sizing: inherit;
            }
     
            html {
                padding: 0;
                margin: 0;
                box-sizing: border-box;
            }
     
     
            /* Body */
            body {
                background-color: #d4d4d4;
                display: grid;
                place-items: center;
                width: 100vw;
                height: 100vh;
            }
     
            .container {
                display: grid;
                grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 300px);
                grid-template-rows: auto;
                gap: 1em;
            }
     
            .card {
                background-color: #0ebac5;
                border-radius: 10px;
                padding: 5px;
                box-shadow: 0 10px 15px -3px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -4px hsla(0, 0%, 0%, 0.1);
            }
     
            .card:hover {
                outline-style: dashed;
                outline-width: 2px;
                outline-color: #242424;
            }
     
            .card:hover img {
                /* Chrome */
                -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
                -webkit-mask-size: 200px 200px;
                -webkit-mask-position: center center;
     
                /* Firefox */
                mask-image: linear-gradient(#000, transparent);
                mask-size: 200px 200px;
                mask-position: center center;
     
                transform: scale(1.1);
            }
     
            .content h3{
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 25px;
            }
     
            .content p{
                font-family: calibri;
                font-size: 20px;
                color: #242424;
            }
     
            /* hero images */
            .image-wrapper img{
                width: 100%;
                transition: all 0.5 ease-in;
                overflow: hidden;
                object-fit: cover;
     
                transition: all 0.5s ease;
            }
     
     
            /* Media Query */
            @media screen and (max-width: 1282px){
                .container {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 300px);
            }
            }
     
            @media screen and (max-width: 700px){
                .container {
                grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 300px);
            }
            }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/KKGYVBB %}

**Preview:**



From the browser preview, we added a linear gradient CSS masking to the hero image on the card components.

## Adding CSS Animations to CSS Masking Property

CSS masking can be used to do many things, as you have seen from the previous section. One popular feature that is common among apps such as Instagram and TikTok is animating horizontal scroll text.

This feature is very useful for long text that the user is not meant to scroll or interact with, the text can simply be animated so that all the information reveals itself and then repeats.

Here is a similar example from TikTok for context.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/0*ky32gNL3MAfLYgvy.png)

This is the project demo of what we are going to create.

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*Yd3iw7LGl21K50BK.gif)

So let’s begin by creating an HTML file. Then type and run the code below

**HTML:**

    <main>
            <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241960972-8df69d68-13b8-41a1-9a8f-610b32f1ba1d.png" alt="" class="lambdaTest">
            <div class="box j">
                <div class="k">
                    <p>LambdaTest - Next-Generation Mobile Apps and Cross Browser Testing Cloud</p>
                </div>
            </div>
            <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/78242022/241950910-f15b21d2-d537-4a56-b7a6-99acd6ceb594.svg" alt="" class="music">
    </main>

**CSS:**

     body {
                width: 100vw;
                height: 100vh;
     
                display: grid;
                place-items: center;
     
                overflow: hidden;
            }
     
            main {  
            width: 25em;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: #0ebac5;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0 8px 10px -1px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1), 0 8px 10px -2px rgb(0 0 0 / 0.1);
            border: 2px solid #fff;
            }
     
        .j{
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }
     
        .box {
            width: 100%;
            height: 50px;
            background-color: #0ebac5;
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
     
        }
     
        .k {
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
        }
     
        p {
            white-space: nowrap;
     
            font-size: 20px;
            font-family: calibri;
            font-style: italic;
            color: #fff;
     
            transform: translate(-500px);
     
            animation-name: moveforward;
            animation-iteration-count: infinite;
            animation-timing-function: linear;
            animation-duration: 10s;
            animation-play-state: running;
        }
     
        /* Images Icons */
        .lambdaTest {
            display: block;
            margin: 1em auto;
            width: 150px;
     
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, transparent, #000 40%, #000 60%, transparent 100%);
        }
     
        .music {
            position: relative;
            bottom: 2em;
            margin-left: 10px;
        }
     
        @keyframes moveforward {
            0%{
                transform: translateX(0);
            }
     
            100%{
                transform: translateX(-500);
            }
        }

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/yLRrYvb %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2534/0*RQNLwLl_nql6XuSw.png)

From the browser preview, we have a simple plain text that animates to the left direction and then becomes hidden toward getting to the side mask bar.

## Hide Text Content with CSS Masking

In this section, we will learn how to hide text content with CSS masking. This feature is very effective for hiding a section of the page for the purpose of displaying exclusive content for a certain audience or limiting the amount of content a user has to interact with at a given time.

First, let’s take a look at the final project demo.

Now create an HTML file and type and run the code below.

**HTML:**

     <main class="root">
            <section class="hero-wrapper">
                <section class="hero-section">
                    <!-- Call To Action -->
                    <header class="call-to-action">
                    <div class="hero-space"></div>
     
                        <section>
                            <p>Free Live Webinar | Voices of Community<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/f786a998033224e244ce818ae6035ce4826df85a/img/icon-voices.svg"/></p>
                            <h1>Digital Accessibility Testing:  <br />
                                How to Get It Right</h1>
                            <p class="date">
                                <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/f786a998033224e244ce818ae6035ce4826df85a/img/Date.svg"/>
                                <span>Wednesday, 31st May 2023</span>
                            </p>
                            <p class="time">
                                <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/f786a998033224e244ce818ae6035ce4826df85a/img/bx_time.svg"/>
                                <span>8:30 - 9:30 PM IST | 11:00 - 12:00 PM EST</span>
                            </p>
     
                            <form action="">
                                <button class="header-btn"
                                    formaction="https://www.lambdatest.com/webinar/digital-accessibility-testing?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=may_22&utm_term=sj&utm_content=webinar">Register Now</button>
                            </form>
                        </section>
                    </header>
     
                    <!-- Call To Action -->
                    <header class="speakers">
                        <section>
                            <div class="hero-space"></div> <!--This tag here is used for margin-top-->
                            <!-- Guest -->
                            <div class="guest">
                                <div>
                                    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/tamar-schapira-profile.png" alt="">
                                </div>
     
                                <div class="names">
                                    <h1>Tamar Schapira</h1>
                                    <p>CEO/Co-Founder, <br />
                                    SenseIT</p>
                                </div>
                            </div>
     
                            <!-- Host -->
                            <div class="host-top"></div>
                            <div class="host">
                                <div>
                                    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ocxigin/we-love-ms/main/img/manoj-2023.png" alt="">
                                </div>
                            
                                <div class="names">
                                    <h1>Manoj Kumar</h1>
                                    <p>VP - DevRel and OSPO, <br />
                                        LambdaTest</p>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </section>
                    </header>
                </section> <!--End of Hero Section-->
     
                <!-- Page Content -->
                <section class="content">
                    <section>
                        <div>
                            <h3>Abstract</h3>
                            <div class="mask-text" id="maskText">
                            <p>All people have the right and the ability to use the internet and participate in the digital world as they wish
                                and as
                                they are capable of. When speaking of users with disabilities, there are specific ways and functions by which
                                people use
                                digital products. Not all people were made equal and not all functions should be made equal. Digital
                                accessibility is
                                the inclusive practice that removes barriers for people with disabilities.</p>
                        
                            <p>As technology progresses and digital product development accelerates, digital accessibility is left behind and
                                generally
                           prioritized at the bottom of the list. This is primarily because assessing a product's accessibility is a manual
    process. To overcome this problem, assessing for accessibility must be integrated early in development and
              continuously.
    Meaning, we need to find a way to test and assess the product by interacting with the elements and components. Hence The usability test for accessibility needs to be automated.
                            </p>
     
                            <p>In this session, Tamar Schapira, Co-Founder and CEO of Sense-IT will provide a proven automated methodology to
                                assess,
                                identify, and remediate accessibility violations for any web application.</p>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </section>
                </section>
            </section>
        </main>
     
        <div class="btn-container">
            <button class="btn" id="btn">Toggle Mask</button>
        </div>
     
        <!-- Fotter -->
        <footer class="footer">
            <p>(c)2023 Alex Anie | All Rights Reserved</p>
        </footer>

**CSS:**

     *, *::after, *::before {
            padding: inherit;
            margin: inherit;
            box-sizing: inherit;
        }
     
        html {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            overflow-x: hidden;
        }
        
        .hero-space {
            margin-top: 4em;
        }
     
        .hero-section {
            /* background: linear-gradient(to top, transparent, #0e092c 50%); */
            background: #0e092c;
            width: 100vw;
            /* height: 100vh; */
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
        }
     
        .call-to-action {
            margin-left: 1em;
        }
     
        .call-to-action h1 {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 2.3em;
            color: white;
        }
     
        .call-to-action p:first-of-type {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 1.5em;
            color: #298f95;
        }
     
        .date span, .time span{
            /* display: inline-block; */
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 1.2em;
            margin-left: 6px;
            position: relative;
            inset: -8px 0;
            color: white;
        }
     
        /* button */
        
        .header-btn, .btn {
            background-color: #45d7e8;
            padding: 1em 3em;
            border: none;
            border-radius: 5px;
            outline: none;
            font-weight: bold;
            margin-top: 2em;
            cursor: pointer;
            user-select: none;
        }
     
        .header-btn:hover {
            opacity: 0.8;
        }
     
        /* Speaker */
        .guest {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: row;
        }
     
        .guest img {
            width: 117px;
            height: 128px;
        }
     
        .guest h1, .host h1 {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 1.5em;
            color: white;
        }
     
        .guest p, .host p {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 20px;
            color: white;
        }
     
        .host-top {
            margin-top: 1.4em;
        }
     
        .host {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: row;
        }
     
        .host img {
            width: 117px;
            height: 127px;
        }
     
        .guest .names {
            position: relative;
            inset: 2em 3em;
        }
     
        .host .names {
            position: relative;
            inset: 2em 3em;
        }
     
        /* Content */
        .content {
            width: 50%;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
     
        .content h3 {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 1.2em;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            letter-spacing: 6px;
            margin: 2em 0;
        }
     
        .content p {
            font-family: calibri;
            font-size: 1.5em;
            margin: 1em 0;
            line-height: 1.5em;
        }
     
        /* footer */
     
        .btn-container {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
        }
        .footer {
            background-color: #0e092c;
            width: 100%;
            height: 3em;
        }
     
        .footer p {
            text-align: center;
            color: white;
            font-family: calibri;
            font-style: italic;
            margin-top: 1em;
        }
     
        /* Mask Text */
        .mask-text {
            -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to top, transparent, #000 100%);
            mask-image: linear-gradient(to top, transparent, #0e092c 50%);
        }
     
        /* Tablet */
        @media screen and (max-width:1057px){
            .hero-section {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr);
        }
     
        .guest, .host {margin: 0 2em;}
        }
     
     
        /* Mobile */
     
        @media screen and (max-width:700px){
            .host, .guest {
            flex-direction: column;
        }
     
        .guest .names {
            inset: 10px 0;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }
     
        .host .names {
            inset: 10px 0;
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }
     
        .content {
            width: 60%;
        }
    }

**JavaScript:**

    const btn = document.querySelector('#btn');
            const maskElement = document.querySelector('#maskText');
     
            btn.addEventListener('click', removeMask)
            
            function removeMask(){
                maskElement.classList.toggle('mask-text');
            }

The JavaScript code is added to enable the toggle function to the toggle mask button.

**Output:**

{% codepen https://codepen.io/ocxigin/pen/qBJwOvL %}

**Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*ivdBdukGfjAT5wPA.png)

From the browser preview, CSS masking is applied to mask the content from displaying until a user clicks on the toggle mask button.

We added a [media query ](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/responsive-css-media-queries-for-responsive-design/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=blog)breakpoint for a [responsive design](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/responsive-design?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub) so that the website will be responsive on different viewports and screen sizes.

Here is a preview from various device screen sizes.

**Desktop Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*pQkdxLnR5aqJyxbj.png)

**Tablet Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*LtEZeORwDy-EPrqV.png)

**Mobile Preview:**

![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2732/0*t5MuBodYGl530zEM.png)

The above output has been rendered on [LT Browser 2.0 ](https://www.lambdatest.com/lt-browser?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=webpage)by the LambdaTest platform. It is a browser designed specifically for developers, offering a friendly environment for building, testing, and debugging mobile websites. It provides the capability to evaluate website performance across various mobile device viewports. Additionally, you have the flexibility to customize the viewport resolution for testing your websites and save these settings for future reference.

{% youtube rqFeuaZ-wAY %}

With LT Browser 2.0, you can effortlessly explore and assess your websites on various screen resolutions, including desktops, mobile devices, tablets, and laptops. To begin using it, please refer to our [documentation on LT Browser 2.0.](https://www.lambdatest.com/support/docs/lt-browser-2/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=support_doc)

## Ensuring Accessibility with CSS Masking

While performance deals with how fast a website performs, accessibility, on the other hand, deals with a website where all its features and content can be accessed irrespective of the physical impairments of the user.

To ensure accessibility with CSS masking, proper use of Alpha Channel must be adhered to prevent CSS masking out content from visually impaired users. However, making good use of [color contrast](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/css-color-contrast/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=blog) can be very helpful for color-blind users.

Lastly, adhering to performance and accessibility best practices can help improve site performance when using CSS masking.
>  **In this article, we will delve into the fundamentals of [Quality Assurance](https://www.lambdatest.com/learning-hub/quality-assurance?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=jul_24&utm_term=bh&utm_content=learning_hub), its key principles, methodologies, and its vital role in delivering excellence.**

## Conclusion

With CSS masking, we can partially or fully hide parts of an element. This involves using graphical elements with an alpha channel, such as PNG images, SVGs, or Text.

When in use, the specified element takes the shape of the object mask or linear gradient mask as an alpha or *luminance* mask.

Cheers! You’ve now learned the ins and outs of CSS masking. Armed with this knowledge, you can create visually stunning web designs that leave a lasting impression on your users. So go ahead, unleash your creativity, and push the boundaries of what’s possible with CSS masking!

## Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

### What is CSS masking?

CSS masking refers to a technique in Cascading Stylе Shееts (CSS) that allows you to apply a mask to an еlеmеnt’s contеnt, controlling its visibility or transparеncy. It enables you to crеatе visually intеrеsting еffеcts by hiding or rеvеaling parts of an еlеmеnt basеd on thе shapе dеfinеd by thе mask.

### How to mask an image in CSS?

The *mask-image* CSS property sets the image used as a mask layer for an element. By default, this means the alpha channel of the mask image will be multiplied by the alpha channel of the element. This can be controlled with the mask-mode property.