Introduction to Infrastructure as Code (IaC): Codify your Infrastructure Part 1
Tags: iac, cloud, provisioning, automation
Published: 2023-06-04 21:16:24

### Introduction:
In today's fast-paced and dynamic digital landscape, organizations are increasingly embracing cloud computing to gain agility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. However, as cloud environments grow in complexity, managing and provisioning infrastructure resources manually becomes a daunting task. This is where Infrastructure as Code (IaC) comes to the rescue.

Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is a practice that involves defining and managing infrastructure configurations, including servers, networks, and other resources, through machine-readable definition files. These definition files are treated as code and can be version-controlled, tested, and automated. IaC brings the principles of software development to infrastructure management, enabling organizations to provision, configure, and manage infrastructure in a predictable, repeatable, and efficient manner.

The need for IaC arises from the increasing complexity of modern cloud environments. In the cloud era, infrastructure is dynamic and rapidly changing. Manual provisioning and configuration of infrastructure can be error-prone, time-consuming, and difficult to replicate consistently across different environments. With IaC, infrastructure can be defined, deployed, and managed in a consistent and automated fashion, reducing human error, improving efficiency, and enabling scalability.

### Challenges Before IaC:
Before the advent of IaC tools, traditional infrastructure management faced several challenges that hindered efficiency, consistency, and agility. Let's explore the challenges that led to the emergence of IaC and the problems organizations encountered in the absence of such tools.
1. **Manual Provisioning and Configuration**: In the pre-IaC era, infrastructure provisioning and configuration were predominantly manual processes. System administrators manually set up servers, networks, and other resources, leading to inconsistencies and errors due to human intervention. Scaling infrastructure to accommodate increased workloads or replicating configurations across environments became time-consuming and error-prone.
2. **Lack of Consistency**: With manual processes, it was challenging to maintain consistent infrastructure configurations across development, testing, and production environments. The lack of consistency often resulted in configuration drift, where environments deviated from their intended state over time. Inconsistent configurations led to operational issues, compatibility problems, and difficulties in troubleshooting.
3. **Limited Scalability and Elasticity**: Traditional infrastructure management methods struggled to keep up with the growing demands for scalability and elasticity. Manually scaling resources to handle increased workloads required significant time and effort. Additionally, dynamically adjusting resource allocations to match fluctuating demands was a tedious and error-prone process.
4. **Time-Consuming Deployment and Recovery**: Deploying complex systems and recovering from failures were time-consuming and error-prone tasks. Organizations faced challenges in replicating deployments reliably, and recovery processes were often ad-hoc and lacked consistency. This resulted in increased downtime, slower time-to-market, and higher operational costs.
5. **Lack of Visibility and Auditability**: Traditional infrastructure management practices lacked visibility into the current state of infrastructure resources. It was difficult to track and document changes made to configurations over time, hindering auditability and compliance efforts. This lack of visibility made it challenging to diagnose issues, track down the root causes, and ensure adherence to regulatory requirements.

### How did IaC tools solve the challenges listed above?
IaC solves the deployment of complex systems in several ways:
1. **Automation and Consistency**: IaC allows for the automation of infrastructure provisioning and configuration. Infrastructure definitions are written as code, enabling automation tools to create and configure resources based on those definitions. This ensures that deployments are consistent across environments, eliminating manual errors and reducing configuration drift.
2. **Scalability and Elasticity**: IaC enables the ability to scale infrastructure resources up or down based on demand. By defining infrastructure as code, organizations can easily replicate and deploy resources to accommodate increased workloads or adjust resource allocations as needed.
3. **Repeatability and Portability**: With IaC, infrastructure configurations become repeatable and portable. Infrastructure definitions can be version-controlled and shared across teams, ensuring consistent deployment and configuration across development, testing, and production environments. This promotes collaboration, reduces time-to-market, and simplifies infrastructure management.
4. **State Management**: IaC tools typically maintain a state file that keeps track of the current infrastructure configuration. This state file contains information about the resources provisioned, their current state, and their relationships. By managing this state, IaC tools can determine the changes required to bring the infrastructure to the desired state, enabling updates, scaling, and proper resource management.
5. **Version Control**: Version control systems, such as Git, are commonly used in conjunction with IaC. Infrastructure definition files are stored in a version control repository, allowing teams to track changes, review modifications, and collaborate effectively. Version control enables rollbacks to previous configurations, provides an audit trail of changes, and facilitates collaboration among team members.

### Common IaC tools available in the market these days:
Here's a list of popular Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tools, excluding configuration management tools like Ansible, Puppet, and Chef:

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/8e6vc1nntc6co99bqjc9.png)

- **Terraform**: Terraform is a widely adopted IaC tool developed by HashiCorp. It supports multiple cloud providers and infrastructure platforms, allowing you to define infrastructure resources in a declarative language. Terraform provisions and manages infrastructure resources, such as virtual machines, networks, and storage, with the ability to create complex multi-tier architectures.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7itlkhh245r2jwdn3odz.png)

- **Pulumi**: Pulumi is an open-source IaC tool that supports multiple cloud providers, including AWS, Azure, and GCP. It allows you to define infrastructure resources using familiar programming languages like JavaScript, TypeScript, Python, and Go. Pulumi offers a high level of flexibility and programmability, enabling you to define infrastructure using code and leverage existing libraries and tools.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/cmgdonc5kzykpw9udh07.png)
- **Cloudify**: Cloudify is an open-source IaC and orchestration tool that supports multi-cloud and hybrid environments. It uses a declarative DSL (Domain-Specific Language) to define infrastructure and application resources. Cloudify enables you to automate the deployment, scaling, and management of applications and infrastructure components across various cloud providers.

These are just a few examples of popular IaC tools available today. Each tool has its own strengths and focuses, so it's essential to consider your specific requirements, target cloud platform, and preferred syntax or programming language when selecting an IaC tool for your infrastructure deployments.

### Conclusion:
In summary, IaC is crucial in the cloud era as it provides automation, consistency, scalability, and repeatability in infrastructure management. State management and version control further enhance these benefits by enabling efficient tracking, auditing, and collaboration for infrastructure configurations. By embracing IaC, organizations can streamline their infrastructure management, improve efficiency, enhance agility, and accelerate their cloud adoption journey. The subsequent articles of this series will delve deeper into the concepts, best practices and common use cases for IaC while concentrating our focus on Terraform so stay motivated until then.