What is a Workflow Engine?
Tags: workflowengine, workflow, orchestration, microservices
Published: 2023-05-16 06:20:58

A workflow engine is a tool to execute a sequence of activities to perform a specific business process. The entire process is broken down into a series of activities, each with its own rules and conditions. The individual processes are executed in the defined order and sequence and combined into a workflow representing the overall process.

## Conductor - An Overview

[Orkes Conductor](https://orkes.io/what-is-conductor/), built on the battle-tested Netflix Conductor, is a language and cloud-agnostic general-purpose workflow orchestration engine. Conductor as a workflow engine makes it easy to orchestrate services to build distributed applications by allowing developers to focus on implementing the business logic rather than mechanics of service communication, flow durability, and failure handling.

Your business logic to be implemented is handled as Workflows in Conductor. Similar to business logic being further simplified into various activities, the workflow divides the business flow into individual blocks, referred to as “tasks” in Conductor. Each of these tasks are individual microservices that are autonomous. This means they can be individually scaled without affecting the entire application. However, these microservices need to interact with each other to fulfill the business logic. But depending on the business requirements, the number of microservices can increase by a large number, which makes it much more challenging to maintain. That’s where orchestration comes into play.

## Conductor as a Workflow Engine

Let’s go back to the Monolithic era when applications were built as a single unit. Since it’s a single unit, the application components are tightly coupled so that each component is so interdependent that even a minute change in a single component results in redeploying the entire application. Think of a situation where your application has scaled so much that a complete redeployment can cost a lot. In such situations, you can leverage a tool like Conductor.

The applications can be implemented as Conductor Workflows, which contain a series of tasks to be executed. Each task is an individual stand-alone service loosely coupled with other services and can be managed separately.

A Conductor Workflow can be defined as a combination of tasks and operators. The tasks can be System tasks executed by the Conductor server or Worker tasks that require an external worker outside the Conductor environment. The Operators are the natural programming language constructs such as loop, switch case, etc.

## Core Features

Let’s look at Conductor's core features that help in streamlining your business operations.

![Core Features in Conductor, the Workflow Engine](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/n05e8w8n9jdopuj6ma38.png)

#### Language Agnostic

Conductor is language-agnostic, which means that you can code in the language of your choice. We also provide the flexibility to handle each task in different languages, thus enabling a diverse language environment.

#### Hybrid & Multi-Cloud Support

Conductor being a cloud-agnostic platform, you can run on any cloud infrastructure without being coupled to a specific cloud provider. This approach gives the organization greater flexibility as you can choose and even set up a multi-cloud infrastructure.

#### Workflow as Code

You can create intricate & flexible [workflows as code](https://orkes.io/blog/dynamic-workflows-using-code-in-netflix-conductor/) using SDKs in popular programming languages like Java, Go, Python, C#, Typescript, and Clojure.

#### Low Code Configuration / Visibility

The approach of low-code configuration is the ability to incorporate building blocks into workflows/applications, eliminating the code. With Conductor’s UI approach, you can quickly build workflows using blocks. You can also create a JSON file, where the visual representation would be developed based on the JSON data.

The visual representation helps to quickly iterate workflows based on the updated business requirements. You can also easily debug issues while looking into the workflow.

#### Seamless Scaling

The applications built using Conductor are scalable, which means that you can make changes to the workflow without affecting the functionality of the entire application. You can add/remove tasks based on the changes in your business operations, and the workflow gets instantly updated without affecting other tasks within the workflow.

#### Error Handling

Yet another exciting feature of Conductor is its native ability to handle errors. With the in-built support for handling retries, your application becomes more resilient. The tasks/workflows can be configured to handle timeouts, rate limits, or failures, thus helping to maintain your business operations smoothly.

#### [Long Running Workflows](https://orkes.io/blog/long-running-workflows)

Specific workflows should run for a prolonged duration based on your requirements. The best way to handle this is to automate workflows that run at regular cadences. With Conductor, you can automate the workflows in different ways. One way is to allow the same workflow to run repeatedly by calling them using the [start workflow](https://orkes.io/content/reference-docs/operators/start-workflow) concept. Another way is to Schedule the workflows to run at regular intervals using [Workflow Scheduler](https://orkes.io/content/developer-guides/scheduling-workflows).

#### Role Based Access Control (RBAC)

RBAC is a mechanism that allows you to provide access control to individuals based on their role in the organization. It helps limit individual access to required applications, workflows, secrets, etc.

#### Workflow Versioning

Version control for Conductor workflow allows you to run different versions of the same workflow depending on your organization’s requirements. Think of a situation like an automatic renewal of subscriptions, where you need to [rerun the same workflow for every renewal cycle](https://orkes.io/blog/long-running-workflows/#:~:text=we%20have%20versioned%20that%20and%20utilized%20the%20workflow%20versioning%20concept%20here.) but a different version of it. In such cases, you can call the second version of the same workflow using the start workflow concept.

#### Stateful Serverless

One of the critical challenges in building powerful workflows across microservices is maintaining the state of each service, especially when the services need to interact with each other. This can be tackled using a workflow engine like Conductor, which provides a way to execute workflows by defining the sequence of microservices.

## Benefits of Workflow Engines

You are now familiar with the core features of Conductor; let’s delve into the benefits of implementing a workflow engine in an organization.

- **Automate Routine Tasks**

Every organization has repetitive, routine tasks that can consume hours of human labor. Automating these processes using a workflow engine aids in reducing possible human errors, which ultimately helps in increasing customer retention.

- **Continuous Improvement**

The analytics and insights provided by the workflow engine help in analyzing the data and identifying the areas of improvement, thus reducing the redundancy in the organization.

- **Analytical Queries**

The data captured by the orchestration framework can help in queries related to specific instances.

- **Better Scalability**

Components can be added/removed and deployed independently based on the changing business requirements without affecting the entire workflow.

- **Faster Testing & Deployment**

Compared to monolithic architecture, the application built using microservices can be tested and deployed at a faster rate.

- **Increased Productivity with Easier Troubleshooting**

Most of the developer's time is spent on fixing the bugs rather than developing the code. With the workflow engine’s visual representation feature, a developer can easily identify the task with issues which helps them quickly fix the bugs rather than going through the entire code. The productivity is thus increased as the testing and scaling of the application is to be done on the particular task alone.

**In a nutshell**, a workflow engine helps streamline your business operations, reducing manual errors and delays, thus improving the overall productivity of your organization. A workflow engine like Conductor is now widely implemented in industries such as fintech, healthcare, banking, real estate, e-commerce, insurance, retail, logistics, media & entertainment, and much more.

If you’re looking for a powerful workflow engine for your enterprise, it’s high time to check out [Orkes Cloud](https://orkes.io/cloud/), the cloud-hosted, fully managed version of Netflix Conductor.

Have queries on setting up your Cloud instance? Our Conductor Experts are here to help!

[Get Started with Orkes Cloud now!](https://share.hsforms.com/1xEcepEiLRUWaN7Nf6Gqb7Qcfl4g)

Meanwhile, try Conductor through [Playground](https://play.orkes.io/), a free-to-use cloud-hosted version from Orkes.