TypeScript: Any…? Does <any> Have Any Benefits in Your Code?
Tags: typescript, tutorial, beginners, webdev
Published: 2023-06-14 12:30:00


##### The `<any>` type in TypeScript is a dangerous "escape hatch" from the type system. 


We all know that Typescript is a powerful tool for:


* type safety, and
* catching errors early in the development process. 


However, there is one type that can be detrimental to your codebase if used carelessly - the infamous `any` type. 

## "Any..?" vs "I like to be specific about things!"


_Imagine_ that you are at the grocery and you go over the cheese section:


_ "do you have cheese today guyz??"
= "definitely!!" - says the seller
_ "gimme some"
= "of what?"
_ "any..!"


and you repeat that in the fruits, meats, beauty… etc sections .. what you will end up with?



> _Things you have never desired and you may have paid (incurred) high cost for them._


let's see some of both **UNdesired** results and how high it could cost you using `<any>` in your codebase.



## The Pitfalls of Using the `any` Type:


Using `any` may seem tempting at times, but it comes at a cost. Here are some reasons why you should think twice before reaching for the `any` type:

1. **Type Safety Leakage**:

Accessing members on an `any`-typed value bypasses TypeScript's type checking, creating a potential source of bugs and reducing the benefits of static typing.

```typescript

 let data: any = 42;
 data.foo(); // No type checking, potential runtime error

```

2. **Loss of IntelliSense**:

When using `any`, you lose the benefits of TypeScript's powerful IntelliSense, making code exploration and auto-completion less effective.

```typescript

 let user: any = getUser();
 user. // No IntelliSense, decreased productivity

```

3. **Lack of Documentation**:

`any` type erases valuable information about the expected data shape, making it harder for other developers (including your future self) to understand and maintain the code.

```typescript

 function processResponse(data: any) {
 // Missing documentation about the expected structure of the data
 // Other developers need to rely on external documentation or guesswork
 }

```

4. **Compiler Warnings and Errors**:

The use of `any` suppresses valuable compiler warnings and errors that can help catch potential issues before they become runtime bugs.

```typescript
 
let x: any = 42;
 x.foo(); // No compile-time warning, potential runtime error

```


## Any Alternatives…? I mean Any Alternative to <any>?

_Instead_ of resorting to the `any` type, consider these alternatives to ensure type safety and maintainable code:

1. **Define Specific Types**:

Create your types 😑 types that you know and want to retrieve .. Use interfaces or types that accurately represent the shape of your data, providing clarity and enhancing the understanding of your codebase, for example:

```typescript

 interface User {
 id: number;
 name: string;
 email: string;
 }

```

2. **Use Union Types**:

Nothing feels warmer than a Union 😄 even if it's other ppl's uions .. so why stay in the cold? lol

You really could combine multiple types using union types (`|`) to express the flexibility of a variable without sacrificing type safety:

```typescript

 let result: User | null = getUserById(id); //null btw never felt warm to meeeee 😀
 if (result !== null) {
 // Type inference works, preserving type safety
 console.log(result.name);
 }

```

3. **Leverage Generics**: 💪

We have been talking about Generics for a while now and how magical they are to give your code flexibility. (to even split 😜)

Use generics to create reusable components that work with different data types while maintaining type safety…

```typescript

 function fetchAndProcessData<T>(url: string): T {
 // Type inference works, preserving type safety
 const data = fetchData(url);
 return processData<T>(data);
 }

```

---

> - For maintainability … use more specific types, union types, and generics.
> - For bugs … use `<any>`

…for me, I know bugs as interesting creatures or JIRA issues 😆