Low Level Design Snakes and Ladder
Tags: oops, designpatterns
Published: 2023-05-12 12:42:28

**Low-Level Design of Snakes and Ladder Game**

Github Repo for the same - https://github.com/viragjain503/Machine-Coding

Snakes and Ladders is a popular multiplayer board game that involves players moving their game pieces on a board consisting of numbered squares. The objective of the game is to reach the endpoint by progressing through the board using dice rolls. The game features entities such as snakes and ladders that either hinder or assist players in their progress.

In this article, we will discuss the low-level design of a snakes and ladders game based on the provided code snippet. The design aims to fulfill the following requirements:

**Requirements**

1. Multiplayer Game: The game should support multiple players.
2. Customizable Board: The size of the game board should be configurable.
3. Non-Colliding Start and Endpoint: The start and endpoint of snakes and ladders should not overlap.
4. Customizable Dice: The game should use a customizable dice that produces random numbers.
5. Runnable Code: The provided code should be functional and runnable.

**Entities**

The game involves various entities that affect the player's progress. The two main types of entities are snakes and ladders. Both snakes and ladders are derived from the common base entity class.

```
# Entity Class

public abstract class Entity {
    protected int start;
    protected int end;
    
    public Entity(int start, int end) {
        this.start = start;
        this.end = end;
    }
    
    // Getters and Setters
    // ...
}

# Snake Class

public class Snake extends Entity {
    public Snake(int start, int end) {
        super(start, end);
    }
}

# Ladder Class

public class Ladder extends Entity {
    public Ladder(int start, int end) {
        super(start, end);
    }
}

```
The Entity class represents a common base for both snakes and ladders. It has a start and end position, indicating where the entity begins and where it leads to. The Snake and Ladder classes extend the Entity class and provide specific implementations.

**Board**

The game board represents the playing field for the snakes and ladders game. It maintains a list of entities and supports operations such as adding entities.

```
# Board Class

public class Board {
    private int size;
    private List<Entity> entities;
    
    public Board(int size) {
        this.size = size;
        this.entities = new ArrayList<>();
    }
    
    public void addEntity(Entity entity) {
        // Add entity to the board
    }
    
    // Other methods
    // ...
}

```

The Board class has a size that represents the dimensions of the board. It also maintains a list of entities present on the board. The addEntity method allows adding snakes and ladders to the board.

**Dice**

The dice is a crucial component of the game that determines the number of steps a player can move. The dice should produce random numbers within the customizable range.

```
# Dice Class

public class Dice {
    private int maxValue;
    
    public Dice(int maxValue) {
        this.maxValue = maxValue;
    }
    
    public int roll() {
        // Generate a random number within the range of 1 to maxValue
    }
}

```

The Dice class takes the maximum value as an input during initialization. The roll method generates a random number within the range of 1 to maxValue when called.

**Game**

The Game class orchestrates the entire gameplay. It takes a board and a dice as inputs and supports playing the game for multiple players.

```
public class Game {
    private Board board;
    private Dice dice;
    private int currentPlayer;
    private GameStatus status;
    private int winner;
    
    public Game(Board board, Dice dice) {
        this.board = board;
        this.dice = dice;
       this.currentPlayer = 0;
       this.status = GameStatus.NOT_STARTED;
       this.winner = -1;
    }

public void play(int numberOfPlayers) {
    // Initialize the game
    
    while (status != GameStatus.FINISHED) {
        // Get the current player
        
        // Roll the dice
        
        // Move the player's game piece
        
        // Check for collisions with entities
        
        // Check for win condition
        
        // Switch to the next player
    }
}

// Other methods
// ...

```


The `Game` class initializes the game with a board and a dice. The `play` method is responsible for the main game loop. It continues until the game status changes to `FINISHED`.

Inside the loop, the game progresses by following these steps:
1. Get the current player.
2. Roll the dice to determine the number of steps to move.
3. Move the player's game piece on the board.
4. Check for collisions with snakes and ladders.
5. Check if the current player has reached the endpoint and update the win condition.
6. Switch to the next player for the next turn.

## Conclusion

In this article, we discussed the low-level design of a snakes and ladders game based on the provided code snippet. We examined the entities involved, such as snakes and ladders, and how they are represented in the code. We also explored the board, dice, and game mechanics. By following this design, you can create a functional and runnable Snakes and Ladders game.