Exploratory Data Analysis using Data Visualization Techniques.
Tags: beginners, datascience
Published: 2023-10-10 07:02:48

**Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)** is used by data scientists to analyze and investigate data sets and summarize their main characteristics, often employing data visualization methods before applying any statistical techniques or building models. It is a crucial step in any data analysis project.
Data visualization is an important component of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) because it allows a data analyst to “look at” their data and get to know the variables and relationships between them. In order to choose and design a data visualization, it is important to consider two things:

_1. The question you want to answer (and how many variables 
     that question involves)._
_2.The data that is available. (is it quantitative or categorical?)_
***Goals of EDA***
1. Data Cleaning: EDA deals with inconsistencies in data. It includes techniques including records imputation, managing missing statistics, and figuring out and removing outliers.
2. Descriptive Statistics: EDA determines the tendency of variables in data. Measures like suggest, median, mode, preferred deviation, range, and percentiles are usually used.
3. Data Visualization: Visualizations consisting of histograms, box plots, scatter plots, line plots, heatmaps, and bar charts assist in identifying styles, trends, and relationships within the facts.
4. Feature Engineering: EDA allows for exploring various variables and their adjustments to create new functions or derive meaningful insights. This can contain scaling, normalization, binning, encoding express variables, and creating interplay or derived variables.
5. Correlation and Relationships: EDA allows the discovery of relationships and dependencies between variables. Techniques such as correlation analysis, scatter plots, and pass tabulations offer insights into the power and direction of relationships between variables.
6. Data Segmentation: EDA can contain dividing the information into significant segments based totally on certain standards or traits. This segmentation allows advantage insights into unique subgroups inside the information and might cause extra focused analysis.
7. Hypothesis Generation: EDA aids in generating study questions based totally on the preliminary exploration of the data. It facilitates form the inspiration for in addition evaluation and model building.
8. Data Quality Assessment: EDA permits for assessing the nice and reliability of the information. It involves checking for record integrity, consistency, and accuracy to make certain the information is suitable for analysis.

***Types of EDA***
1. Univariate Analysis: This method explores each variable in a data set, separately. It looks at the range of values, as well as the central tendency of the values Techniques like histograms, field plots, bar charts, and precis information are generally used in univariate analysis.

2. Bivariate Analysis: Bivariate evaluation involves exploring the connection between variables. It enables the finding of associations, correlations, and dependencies between pairs of variables. Scatter plots, line plots, correlation matrices, and move-tabulation are generally used strategies in bivariate analysis.

3. Multivariate Analysis: Multivariate analysis extends bivariate evaluation to encompass greater than variables. It aims to apprehend the complex interactions and dependencies among more than one variable in a record set. Techniques inclusive of heatmaps, parallel coordinates, aspect analysis, and primary component analysis (PCA) are used for multivariate analysis.

4. Time Series Analysis: This type of analysis is mainly applied to statistics sets that have a temporal component. Time collection evaluation entails inspecting and modeling styles, traits, and seasonality inside the statistics through the years. Techniques like line plots, autocorrelation analysis, transferring averages, and ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) fashions are generally utilized in time series analysis.

5. Missing Data Analysis: Missing information is a not unusual issue in datasets, and it may impact the reliability and validity of the evaluation. Missing statistics analysis includes figuring out missing values, know-how the patterns of missingness, and using suitable techniques to deal with missing data. Techniques along with lacking facts styles, imputation strategies, and sensitivity evaluation are employed in lacking facts evaluation.

6. Outlier Analysis: Outliers are statistics factors that drastically deviate from the general sample of the facts. Outlier analysis includes identifying and knowledge the presence of outliers, their capability reasons, and their impact at the analysis. Techniques along with box plots, scatter plots, z-rankings, and clustering algorithms are used for outlier evaluation.

7. Data Visualization: Data visualization is a critical factor of EDA that entails creating visible representations of the statistics to facilitate understanding and exploration. Various visualization techniques, inclusive of bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, line plots, heatmaps, and interactive dashboards, are used to represent exclusive kinds of statistics.