Testing
Published: 2023-07-11 12:01:02

Testing in development refers to the practice of conducting various testing activities throughout the software development lifecycle (SDLC) to ensure the quality, reliability, and functionality of the software being developed. It involves systematically verifying and validating the software against defined requirements, specifications, and user expectations.

## Manual Testing

Manual testing refers to the process of manually executing test cases and verifying the behavior and functionality of a software application without the use of automated testing tools or scripts. It involves human testers who perform various actions on the application, simulating real-world user interactions to identify defects, errors, and usability issues.

In manual testing, testers carefully execute test cases step by step, following predefined test procedures and documenting the results. They validate the software against specified requirements, user expectations, and industry standards. Manual testing can be performed at various levels, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing.

### The key aspects of manual testing include:

1.  Test Planning: Defining the testing objectives, scope, and strategies.
2.  Test Case Design: Creating detailed test cases that cover various functionalities and scenarios of the software.
3.  Test Execution: Running the test cases, interacting with the application, and observing its behavior.
4.  Defect Reporting: Documenting any discrepancies or issues encountered during testing, including steps to reproduce them.
5.  Test Result Analysis: Reviewing test results, comparing actual results with expected results, and analyzing the overall test coverage.
6.  Regression Testing: Repeating tests on modified or newly added features to ensure that existing functionalities are not affected.
7.  Test Closure: Preparing test closure reports, analyzing lessons learned, and providing feedback for process improvement.

### Manual testing advantages are:

-   Flexibility to adapt to changing requirements and dynamic environments.
-   Ability to identify visual, usability, and user experience issues.
-   Early detection of defects that may have been missed by automated tests.
-   Exploration of edge cases and real-world scenarios that are difficult to automate.

### Manual testing disadvantages are:

-   Time-consuming, especially for large and complex applications.
-   Prone to human error, as manual testers can make mistakes during test execution.
-   Limited scalability, as it can be challenging to execute the same test cases repeatedly and consistently.
-   Not suitable for performance testing and load testing, which require simulating a large number of users.

## Automation Testing

Automation testing refers to the use of software tools and scripts to automate the execution of test cases and compare the actual results with expected outcomes. It involves the creation and execution of test scripts that simulate user interactions and verify the functionality of software applications.

In automation testing, specialized testing tools and frameworks are used to automate repetitive and manual testing tasks, reducing the effort and time required for testing. The scripts can be created using programming languages or specific automation tools that provide a user-friendly interface for test script development.

### The key aspects of automation testing include:

Test Script Creation: Test scripts are created to simulate user actions, such as clicking buttons, entering data, and navigating through the application. These scripts outline the steps to be executed during testing.

Test Environment Setup: The necessary test environment, including hardware, software, and test data, is prepared to execute the automated tests. This may involve configuring test servers, databases, and other dependencies.

Test Execution: The automated test scripts are executed by the testing tool or framework. The tool interacts with the application, performs the specified actions, and compares the actual results with expected results.

Test Reporting: Automation testing tools generate detailed test reports that provide information on test execution status, test coverage, and any failures or errors encountered during the testing process.

### Benefits of Automation Testing:

Faster Test Execution: Automated tests can be executed significantly faster than manual tests, allowing for quicker feedback on the software's behavior.
Improved Accuracy: Automation eliminates the risk of human errors and ensures consistent test execution, reducing the chances of overlooking defects.
Reusability: Test scripts can be reused for regression testing, allowing for efficient testing of repeated test scenarios.
Increased Test Coverage: Automation enables the execution of a large number of test cases, expanding test coverage and increasing the likelihood of identifying defects.

However, it's important to note that automation testing also has its limitations. It may not be suitable for testing certain aspects like visual and usability aspects that require human judgment. Automation testing also requires an upfront investment in terms of time and resources for creating and maintaining the automation framework and scripts.


## Manual Testing vs Automation Testing


### Manual Testing:


**Definition:** Manual testing involves the process of manually executing test cases, where human testers interact with the software application to validate its functionality, usability, and performance.

**Pros:**

Flexibility to adapt to changing requirements and dynamic environments.
Effective in identifying visual, usability, and user experience issues.
Early detection of defects that may have been missed by automated tests.
Exploration of edge cases and real-world scenarios that are difficult to automate.

**Cons:**

Time-consuming, especially for large and complex applications.
Prone to human error, as manual testers can make mistakes during test execution.
Limited scalability, as executing the same test cases repeatedly and consistently can be challenging.
Not suitable for performance testing and load testing, which require simulating a large number of users.


### Automation Testing:


**Definition:** Automation testing involves the use of specialized tools and scripts to automate the execution of test cases. These tools simulate user actions, interact with the software, and compare actual results with expected outcomes.

**Pros:**

Faster test execution, allowing for quicker feedback on the software's behavior.
Improved accuracy and consistency in test execution.
Reusability of test scripts for regression testing, ensuring efficient testing of repeated test scenarios.
Increased test coverage by executing a large number of test cases.

**Cons:**

Upfront investment in creating and maintaining the automation framework and scripts.
Limited effectiveness in testing visual aspects, usability, and user experience.
Requires technical expertise and knowledge of automation tools.
Certain testing scenarios may be challenging to automate, leading to a need for manual intervention.

**Note:
Manual testing is suitable for exploratory testing, usability testing, and scenarios where human judgment is crucial.
Automation testing is beneficial for repetitive tests, regression testing, performance testing, and cases where a large number of test cases need to be executed.**