teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Python 🐍 challenge_32⚔️
Tags: python, challenge, beginners, programming
Published: 2023-09-19 13:06:02

## Roman Numerals Encoder 💥

- Create a function taking a positive integer as its parameter and returning a string containing the Roman Numeral representation of that integer.
- Modern Roman numerals are written by expressing each digit separately starting with the left most digit and skipping any digit with a value of zero. 
- In Roman numerals 1990 is rendered: 1000=M, 900=CM, 90=XC; resulting in MCMXC. 
- 2008 is written as 2000=MM, 8=VIII, or MMVIII. 
- 1666 uses each Roman symbol in descending order: MDCLXVI.


#### Examples:

```
    solution(1000) -> should return 'M'

    Help:

    Value    Symbol
    
    1000:   'M',
    900:    'CM',
    500:    'D',
    400:    'CD',
    100:    'C',
    90:     'XC',
    50:     'L',
    40:     'XL',
    10:     'X',
    9:      'IX',
    5:      'V',
    4:      'IV',
    1:      'I'
```

- Remember that there can't be more than 3 identical symbols in a row.

###### Task URL: [Link](https://www.codewars.com/kata/51b62bf6a9c58071c600001b)


## My Solution:

```

def solution(number: int) -> None:

    symbol: dict[str, int] = {

        1000:   'M',
        900:    'CM',
        500:    'D',
        400:    'CD',
        100:    'C',
        90:     'XC',
        50:     'L',
        40:     'XL',
        10:     'X',
        9:      'IX',
        5:      'V',
        4:      'IV',
        1:      'I'
    }


    value = ''
    remainder = number

    for i in sorted(symbol.keys(), reverse=True):

        if remainder > 0:

            multiple = i
            roman_number = symbol[i]
            
            divider = remainder // multiple
            remainder = remainder % multiple
            
            value += roman_number * divider

    return value

```


### Code Snapshot:


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ou4kyl0p6jn3xtdit44j.png)

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Agile Metrics
Tags: agile, storybytes
Published: 2023-09-19 12:56:03


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/txe7s9hmynemu26rf188.png)

Appropriate agile metrics indicate a team’s progress in adopting agile practices or advancing your organisation towards becoming a learning entity. Qualitative agile metrics tend to be more effective for teams than quantitative ones. Conversely, at the organisational level, quantitative agile metrics offer more valuable insights than qualitative measures. In broad terms, metrics enhance our understanding of the current situation and enable us to glean insights about changes over time. Devoid of metrics, evaluating progress or development would be susceptible to subjective feelings and interpretations influenced by bias. Therefore, a metric should indicate a pattern shift early, allowing timely causal analysis. Three fundamental principles for agile metrics have demonstrated their effectiveness. The primary principle of meaningful metrics is to focus solely on those relevant to the team, disregarding metrics centred on individual performance. The second principle of meaningful metrics cautions against measuring parameters solely because they are convenient to track. This tendency often arises from using various agile project management tools that offer pre-configured reports. The third principle of meaningful metrics emphasises the importance of capturing context. Data devoid of context, such as the count of available team members or the frequency of incidents during a Sprint, may ultimately amount to only background noise. While applying all these analytics, it becomes more evident for an organisation to differ between the Lead time and cycle time. The ultimate goal would be to keep the cycle time as small as possible. With that, the lead time will be more predictably planned. And as Albert Einstein would say, "Plans are nothing; planning is everything."
Best 11 Software Architecture Patterns You Must Know About
Tags: softwaredevelopment, development, developer
Published: 2023-09-19 12:55:45

Build scalable and maintainable systems using a compass provided by software architectural patterns. Additionally, it provides other advantages like improved planning, increased production, cost optimization, and more.

**What is a Software Architectural Pattern?**

Architectural design choices that are made with the goal of resolving recurrent design issues in the software development process are referred to as architectural patterns in software engineering. It simply summarizes the essential elements and clarifies how they relate to one another. Additionally, it gives a general overview of the software's structure.

**Significance of Software Architecture Patterns**
1. Quality and Efficiency Maintenance
2. Defines the Basic Characteristics of Applications
3. Helps Solve Various Problems
4. Offers Agility
5. Boosts Productivity

**Different Software Architecture Patterns**
1. Layered Architecture Pattern
2. Microservices Architecture Pattern
3. Event-driven Architecture Pattern
4. Client-Server Architecture Pattern
5. Microkernel Architecture Pattern
6. Pipe-filter Architecture Pattern
7. Peer-to-Peer Architecture Pattern
8. Master-Slave Architecture Pattern
9. Space-based Architecture Pattern
10. Broker Architecture Pattern
11. Hybrid Architecture

**Comparative Analysis of the Prominent Software Architecture Patterns**
1. Event-Driven Pattern
2. Layered Pattern
3. Microservices Pattern
4. Client-Server Pattern
5. Microkernel Pattern

**Should you hire a software architect?**

Modern apps need quick thinking and a uniform core. The patterns of software architecture provide a solution-based perspective and aid in accomplishing long-term objectives. Working with qualified and experienced architects can help your business expand and succeed to its full potential.

**Conclusion**

You can choose the best software development architecture patterns to use for software development firms that can help guide your business, [Read the full article](https://www.esparkinfo.com/blog/software-architecture-patterns.html) to get complete information related to the Best Software Architecture Patterns.
Data Lakehouse
Tags: datalake, storybytes
Published: 2023-09-19 12:49:02


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/2ldlgc5mtoe20fmbqucp.png)
Data never sleeps. According to a combination of many statistics, forecast experts predict that around 7 million Terabytes of data will be produced by online users in 2023 alone. Any online actions are used for analytics, statistics, tracking, reporting, machine learning, etc. Data is a pivotal production factor, holding significant importance in developing products and services across all contemporary enterprises. However, it is essential to note that data alone cannot create value for companies. Companies are expanding by collecting, storing, processing and analysing data to effectively use data as a production factor to gain insights and knowledge that help improve business processes. As Data availability, quality and transparency increase business valuation. One of the ways to become smarter with data handling comes with Data Lakehouse. Implementing a Data Lakehouse empowers companies to attain superior data accessibility, streamline data infrastructure, and trim expenses. This is achieved by eliminating the need to oversee various distinct data storage, integration, and analysis systems. The concept of a Data Lakehouse combines data warehousing and data lakes, offering a unified platform that harmonises these functionalities within a singular system. A Data Warehouse is a central database designed specifically for analysis and reporting. A data lake is a scalable data platform on which structured and unstructured data can be stored, managed and analysed. Unlike traditional databases, which are usually limited to a specific schema, a data lake is more flexible and can store large amounts of data of different types and sources. As data usage is evolving, so will its need for new tech standards.
Rebranding
Tags: digitalmarketing, rebranding, storybytes
Published: 2023-09-19 12:41:56


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5ptlkrsfei7229tvn42n.png)
Time flies. Web and App Studio will soon be rebranded. It has taken its space on the market and is yet ready to adapt and match the new, upcoming market changes. As we all grow and change over time, a brand should also transform - or, more apt, adapt. Whether selling new products or simply updating a logo, a rebrand keeps a company modern and reminds customers that they are still in business. But rebranding shouldn’t be taken lightly. It takes your company’s reputation at stake if you miss the mark. Rebranding is when a company redoes or improves branding elements: Name, Logo, colour palette, typography, etc. The idea is that if a company is changing, they want people to know about it. On a deeper level, you revisit your strategy, target audience, guidelines, collateral and everything that deserves an opportunity to get revised. Unless the core of the business hasn’t changed, you won’t need to make an extra effort to announce the change times ahead. When it’s time for the public launch, frame your rebranding as a story. Share some behind-the-scenes details about your rebranding, such as what you like about why you’ve changed your values and mission statement. This makes your brand more personable and relatable, plus you come across as more confident about your new look. Now’s not the time to be humble - you put all this effort into redoing your brand, don’t be afraid to show it off! And very soon, we will have our time to show it off.
SaaS Growth
Tags: business, storybytes
Published: 2023-09-19 12:36:01


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ttjtujdpmyg4jmxlzuvx.png)
The SaaS industry is constantly evolving and changing. As a B2B SaaS provider, you will fall behind if you don’t find ways to improve and innovate your product. SaaS customers have high expectations and are always looking for solutions offering more value. Scaling B2B SaaS revenue successfully involves a comprehensive approach that combines multiple phases, such as Idea market fit, product-market fit, and go-to-market fit, before scaling happens. All phases involve planning, customer-focused initiatives, operational efficiency, and continuous improvement. Successfully navigating the Idea-Market Fit phase sets the foundation for your SaaS growth journey. It's about going from ideation to MVP and setting the stage for product market fit. Once that’s done, you need to press out the value. Everyone needs to realise the value and be confident to enter phase three. Can the magic be repeated in phase three once it’s on the market? If it does sustain while you have everything under control, get ready with scaling, the final phase. Investment should flow realistically, and your business is ready to conquer the Market with all the basements set.
AntDB-Oracle Compatibility Developer's Manual P3–75
Published: 2023-09-19 12:35:19

#### Subquery expressions

This section introduces the subquery expressions that follow the SQL standard in AntDB. All the expressions mentioned in this section return values of Boolean type (true/false) results.

##### EXISTS

The argument to EXISTS is a SELECT statement or subquery in any form. We first run the subquery statement to determine if the subquery statement returns rows.

EXISTS ( subquery )

EXISTS results in "true" if the subquery returns at least one row.

If the subquery returns no rows, then the result of EXISTS is "false".

A subquery can refer to variables passed from its surrounding queries, so that it can operate like a constant when running the subquery.

We usually execute the subquery to determine if at least one row is returned, rather than all rows returned, before ending the subquery. It is not wise to write a subquery that has a negative effect (e.g., calling a sequence function), and it is difficult to tell in advance whether there is a negative effect.

Because the return result of EXISTS depends only on whether records are returned, not on the content of those records, the output list of a subquery generally makes little sense. A more general coding convention is to write all EXISTS in the form of EXISTS (SELECT 1 WHERE...). Of course, there are some exceptions to this rule, such as subqueries that use INTERSECT.

This example is similar to the inner join on column deptno, but produces at most one output row for each row of table dept, although here there are multiple matching rows of table emp.

```
SELECT dname FROM dept WHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM emp WHERE emp.deptno = dept.deptno);

dname
--------------
ACCOUNTING
RESEARCH
SALES
(3 rows)
```
AntDB-Oracle Compatibility Developer's Manual P3–74
Published: 2023-09-19 12:29:01

##### LEAST

The LEAST function is used to look up the smallest value from any number of expressions.

LEAST(value \[, value2 ] ... )

Expressions must all be convertible to a common data type, which is the type of the result. Null values in the list are ignored. The final result is null only if all expressions compute null values.

Note that the function LEAST is not reflected in the SQL standard, but is a currently common extension function.

Compare:

MAX and MIN are to find the maximum and minimum values on a group of a column of a table. While GREATEST and LEAST can find the maximum and minimum values in a row.

For example:

1、Query the lowest score of each person's test scores in all subjects.

```
create table test(id int, name varchar2(10), chinese number, english number, math number, physical number);
insert into test values(1,'Tom', 91, 89, 69, 88);
insert into test values(2,'Alice', 88, 81, 77, 100);
select name, least(chinese, english, math, physical) from test;
```

2、Compare the size of strings.

```
SELECT LEAST('HAPPY', 'HAPPEN', 'HAPPINESS')  "Least"  FROM DUAL;
```

3、Compare the size of numbers.

```
SELECT LEAST (1, '3.925', '2.4')  "Least"  FROM DUAL;
```
AntDB-Oracle Compatibility Developer’s Manual P3–73
Published: 2023-09-19 12:18:52

#### Generic comparison functions

##### GREATEST

The GREATEST function is used to look up the largest value from any number of expressions.

GREATEST(value \[, value2 ] ... )

Expressions must all be convertible to a common data type, which is the type of the result. Null values in the list are ignored. The final result is null only if all expressions compute null values.

Note that the function GREATEST is not reflected in the SQL standard, but is a currently common extension function.

Compare: 

MAX and MIN are to find the maximum and minimum values on a group of a column of a table. While GREATEST and LEAST can find the maximum and minimum values in a row.

**Example:**

Check the highest score of all subjects in each person's exam results.

```
create table test(id int, name varchar2(10), chinese number, english number, math number, physical number);
insert into test values(1,'Tom', 91, 89, 69, 88);
insert into test values(2,'Alice', 88, 81, 77, 100);
select name, greatest(chinese, english, math, physical) from test;
```

1、Compare the size of strings.

```
SELECT GREATEST('HAPPY', 'HAPPEN', 'HAPPINESS') "Greatest" FROM DUAL;
```

2、Compare the size of numbers.

```
SELECT GREATEST (1, '3.935', '2.4') "Greatest" FROM DUAL;
```
AntDB-Oracle Compatibility Developer’s Manual P3–72
Published: 2023-09-19 12:12:03

##### DECODE

decode(condition,x1, y1, x2, y2, x3,y3 \[,xn, yn] ……, default\_value)

The meaning of the function is as follows.

IF condition=x1 THEN

RETURN(y1)

ELSIF condition=x2 THEN

RETURN(y2)

......

ELSIF condition=xn THEN

RETURN(yn)

ELSE

RETURN(default\_value)

END IF

**Example:**

```
select EMPNO, decode(DEPTNO, 10, 1, 20, 2, 30,3, 0) from emp;
 EMPNO | DECODE(DEPTNO, 10, 1, 20, 2, 30,3, 0)  
-------+----------------------------------------
  7521 |                                      3
  7566 |                                      2
  7654 |                                      3
  7782 |                                      1
  7788 |                                      2
  7839 |                                      1
  7844 |                                      3
  7900 |                                      3
  7902 |                                      2
  7934 |                                      1
  7876 |                                      2
  7469 |                                      2
  7698 |                                      3
  7369 |                                      2
  7499 |                                      3
(15 rows)
```
AntDB-Oracle Compatibility Developer’s Manual P3–71
Published: 2023-09-19 12:10:22

##### NVL2

The NVL2 function returns a different value depending on whether the expression is null or not. If expr1 is not null, the value of expr2 is returned, and if expr1 is null, the value of expr3 is returned. If expr2 and expr3 are of different types, expr3 will be converted to expr1's type.

NVL2(expr1, expr2, expr3)

**Example:**

```
select math, NVL2(math, 'not null','is null') from test;
 MATH | NVL2(MATH, 'NOT NULL','IS NULL')  
------+-----------------------------------
   88 | not null
      | is null
      | is null
      | is null
(4 rows)
```
Beyond console.log in JavaScript
Tags: javascript, webdev, beginners
Published: 2023-09-19 12:09:57

You may have only used `console.log()` in JavaScript, but you can do many more things with the **console** object.


## console.table()
If you have an object and want a clear view of it instead of having those ugly braces in the console you can use `console.table()`
```js
const obj = {
  name: "John",
  age: 30,
  city: "New York",
  country: "USA",
}
console.table(obj)
```

![console.table output](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/2f45zqqoytph781kyak4.png)


## console.error()
You will get a cool-looking (yeah 🙂) red color message for the instances where you want to make the stress on the bug more realistic.
```js
console.error("Why is this rendering twice")
```
![console.error output](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kc0wuhxl6gvkq0ds3pba.png)


## console.warn()
Similar to error but a little less stressful, you can mostly use this as a warning to yourself.
```js
console.warn("Fix this in the next release!")
```

![console.warn output](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/1c9en7hutb2nulv0j3ta.png)


## console.time()
You can get the computation time easily by using `console.time()`, which starts the timer, and `console.timeEnd()` which ends it to compute the time taken by your code.
You can pass a label inside the `time()` function which makes the timer unique, so you can have as many number of timers in your program.
```js
console.time("Time")
let count = 0
for (let i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
  count += 1
}
console.timeEnd("Time")
```

![console.time output](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/wb5i47dpx70f88raqaf9.png)


That's it for this blog... There are many more methods available, if you are interested you can check it out at [MDN Docs](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/console).

**Deveesh Shetty**
[Github](https://github.com/Deveesh-Shetty) | [Twitter](https://twitter.com/shettydeveesh)
Dynamic Analysis and Static Analysis
Tags: cybersecurity, testing, softwareengineering, programming
Published: 2023-09-19 12:04:41

Definition
Methods of Analyzing Programs

Dynamic Analysis
Verifying through multiple executions

Dynamic analysis is a method of analyzing the behavior of software during its execution.

When software is running, dynamic analysis tools are used to monitor and analyze the program's behavior, state, data flow, and more.

Pros
By analyzing the actual behavior of running software, it's possible to identify issues that occur in real environments.

Cons
Analyzing the behavior of running software can impact performance.

It's limited to the execution environment.

It can require more time and resources compared to static analysis.

Static Analysis
Continuously reading the code visually

Static analysis is a method of analyzing source code in a state where the software isn't being executed.

Using static analysis tools, the structure of the code, compliance with rules, potential bugs, security vulnerabilities, and more are identified and analyzed.

Pros
Since it analyzes the source code, it's not limited to the execution environment. It can identify code defects and security vulnerabilities beforehand.

Cons
It's heavily influenced by the skills of the analyzer.
GPT-4’s Performance in Educational Assessment Benchmarked Against Specialized Models
Tags: gpt4, ai, machinelearning
Published: 2023-09-19 12:04:14

In a study comparing GPT-4’s ability to grade short-answer responses against specialized models, GPT-4 displayed robust performance, especially when reference answers were excluded. Using the SciEntsBank and Beetle datasets, GPT-4 achieved notable F1 scores of 0.744 and 0.651, respectively. While its capabilities are comparable to systems from years past, BERT family models, which undergo task-specific training, still surpass it. Dr. Kortemeyer’s research highlights GPT-4’s potential in higher education, but concerns about data security with cloud-based models persist. As AI delves deeper into educational assessment, the trade-off between performance, adaptability, and security remains a primary focus.

Read more — https://news.superagi.com/2023/09/19/gpt-4s-performance-in-educational-assessment-benchmarked-against-specialized-models/
Verification by Streamlining Formal Property Verification with Advanced Language Models
Tags: gpt4, llm, ai, machinelearning
Published: 2023-09-19 12:02:47

Innovations in hardware design verification are now incorporating large language models (LLMs) such as GPT4 to enhance formal property verification (FPV), ensuring more reliable hardware designs. Traditionally, the creation of SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) has been a meticulous process. However, GPT4, through its iterative training, has demonstrated the capability to automatically generate accurate SVAs, even for designs with bugs. This advancement is integrated into an improved open-source framework, AutoSVA2, which facilitates comprehensive hardware testing with minimal human intervention. As hardware intricacies escalate, GPT4’s integration signifies a monumental shift towards efficiency and precision in hardware verification.

Read more — https://news.superagi.com/2023/09/19/gpt-4-transforms-hardware-design-verification-by-streamlining-formal-property-verification-with-advanced-language-models/
Researchers Fine-Tune LLMs to Reduce Vulnerabilities in Auto-Completed Smart Contract Code
Tags: ethereum, blockchain, llm, ai
Published: 2023-09-19 12:00:49

Researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Nanjing have unveiled a novel method, “vulnerability-constrained decoding,” to tackle vulnerabilities in auto-completed smart contract code, especially within Ethereum Blockchain. This technique harnesses a curated dataset of known vulnerable code lines to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), reducing potential code breaches. Remarkably, their efficient fine-tuning process takes only an hour, compared to traditional methods which might last a week. When tested on Ethereum smart contracts, the modified model demonstrated a significant 30% reduction in vulnerabilities. This groundbreaking research promises enhanced digital security in coding and paves the way for future security-focused studies in the tech domain.

Read more — https://news.superagi.com/2023/09/19/researchers-fine-tune-llms-to-reduce-vulnerabilities-in-auto-completed-smart-contract-code/