React vs React Native: Key Differences
Tags: react, automationtesting, softwaretesting, reactnative
Published: 2023-11-07 09:31:45

In modern software development, React and React Native are two powerful contenders, each with unique strengths and applications. React, known as React.js or ReactJS, is a JavaScript library used to build user interfaces for web applications. On the other hand, React Native is a framework that extends the capabilities of React to mobile development (Android, IOS), offering a seamless cross-platform solution.

This post discusses React vs React Native — their uses, advantages, and disadvantages. Then, we discuss their similarities and differences, which gives a complete overview of React vs React Native. Whether you are a web developer looking to enhance your frontend skills or an aspiring mobile app developer, this article promises to illuminate the path to informed technology choices.

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### What is React?

React, commonly known as React.js or ReactJS, is an open-source JavaScript library created and managed by Meta (formerly Facebook). It serves as a fundamental tool for constructing user interfaces in web applications. Remarkably, in 2022, an impressive 82% of users favored React, according to [StateofJS](https://2022.stateofjs.com/en-US/libraries/front-end-frameworks/) findings.

It uses a declarative syntax, which means you specify what you want to achieve, and it takes care of the logic to make it happen. It allows developers to describe how the user interface should look and behave at any time.

It organizes the UI into reusable components. These components are like building blocks that can be combined to create complex user interfaces. It also uses [Virtual DOM](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/automating-react-virtual-dom-in-selenium/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=nov_07&utm_term=ap&utm_content=blog) to minimize the number of actual [DOM](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/document-object-model/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=nov_07&utm_term=ap&utm_content=blog) manipulations, leading to improved performance.

![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/0*j4gIFGenitA2mUzE.png)

### How React Works?

React organizes a web application into reusable components, each representing a part of the user interface. These components are created and rendered based on their current state and properties. Then, React employs a virtual DOM to track changes efficiently. When events or data updates occur, React compares the new virtual DOM with the previous one, identifies necessary changes, and updates the actual DOM accordingly.

![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/0*4qCdegTPtyZJ05Ki.png )

This approach minimizes direct DOM manipulation and optimizes performance. It continuously repeats this process to keep the user interface synchronized with the application’s state, providing a dynamic and interactive web application.

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### Features of React

Let’s explore the features that make React a standout choice in web development.

* **Single-Page Applications (SPAs):** A single-page application (SPA) operates within a web browser without needing frequent page reloading — for example, Gmail, Google Maps, Facebook, etc. React plays an important role where content dynamically updates without requiring a full page reload. Its virtual DOM and component-based architecture make it ideal for creating interactive, responsive, and fast-loading web applications.
    
* **Complex User Interfaces:** ReactJS simplifies the management of complex UI states. It allows developers to break down the UI into reusable components, making it easier to maintain and update large-scale applications.
    
* **Real-Time Dashboards:** ReactJS can efficiently update the UI, making it an excellent choice for building real-time dashboards and data visualization tools. Developers can create dynamic, data-driven interfaces that update in real-time without performance bottlenecks.
    
* **Social Media Platforms:** The social media platforms require real-time updates, comments, and notifications. ReactJS virtual DOM and efficient rendering make it a preferred choice for creating responsive social media applications.
    
* **Custom Widgets and Components:** ReactJS allows you to build and maintain custom UI components or widgets that aren’t readily available in standard libraries with ease.
    
* **E-commerce or E-learning Platforms:** Many e-commerce websites use ReactJS to create engaging, user-friendly shopping experiences. Its architecture allows for the easy integration of product catalogs, shopping carts, and dynamic displays. ReactJS is also used to develop interactive e-learning platforms and online courses.
    

### Advantages of React

Let’s discuss some advantages, highlighting why it is suitable for web development.

* **Efficiency:** React uses Virtual DOM (Document Object Model) to optimize updates instead of manipulating the actual DOM directly. React updates a virtual representation first and then efficiently updates the real DOM only where changes occur. This results in improved performance and faster rendering.
    
* **Reusability with Components:** It allows developers to create reusable UI components. These components can be easily shared and integrated into various parts of an application, promoting code reusability and maintainability.
    
* **Declarative Syntax:** ReactJS uses a declarative approach, allowing developers to describe how the UI should appear at any given time. This leads to more predictable and readable code, making it easier to understand and debug.
    
* **Community and Ecosystem:** It has a vast and active community of developers. This community support translates into a wealth of open-source libraries, tools, and resources that enhance development productivity and provide solutions for various use cases.
    
* **Cross-Browser Compatibility:** ReactJS is compatible with all major web browsers, providing a cross-browser solution for web development.
    
* **Scalability:** ReactJS is suitable for both small and large-scale applications. Its modular structure allows for easy scaling as projects grow in complexity.
    
* **Strong Developer Tools:** ReactJS has a set of developer tools that make debugging, inspecting components, and analyzing performance more efficient. These tools provide valuable insights during development.
    

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### Disadvantages of React

React has numerous advantages, but it’s equally important to understand its disadvantages. So, let’s take a closer look at some of its disadvantages.

* **Learning Curve:** React has a relatively steep learning curve, especially for developers new to its component-based architecture and JSX syntax. Developers may need time to become proficient in ReactJS concepts and best practices.
    
* **Boilerplate Code:** React applications may require additional libraries and tools, resulting in boilerplate code. This can increase the project’s complexity and make it more challenging to set up initially.
    
* **JSX Complexity:** While JSX enhances code readability, it can also be seen as a disadvantage for some developers who find it challenging to mix JavaScript and HTML-like syntax within the same codebase.
    
* **Rapid Changes:** React’s ecosystem is dynamic, with frequent updates and changes. This can pose challenges for maintaining and updating older React applications as new features and best practices emerge.
    
* **Browser and Platform Compatibility:** React is compatible with all modern browsers, but it may not work well on older or less modern browsers. React is primarily used for web development and is incompatible with other platforms like iOS AND Android.
    

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### What is React Native?

React Native is an open-source framework for building cross-platform mobile applications, that is, write code once and run on Android and iOS. It is developed and maintained by Meta(Facebook).

React Native simplifies cross-platform mobile app development using JavaScript to build mobile applications. It shares the same design principles as React, enabling you to create dynamic mobile user interfaces using declarative components.

Unlike other approaches like “mobile web apps” or “hybrid apps,” React Native allows you to build genuine mobile applications that are on par with those developed in Objective-C or Java.  
React Native seamlessly integrates with Objective-C, Java, or Swift components.

If you ever need to optimize specific aspects of your application, it’s straightforward to delve into native code. Also, you can build parts of your app in React Native and other parts using native code directly, precisely how the Facebook app is constructed. This adaptability makes React Native an excellent choice for building versatile, high-performance mobile applications.

***Cross-platform mobile frameworks used by software developers worldwide from 2019 to 2022***

![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/0*zm2hEl5yxZAJ5T63.png)

There are two primary ways to build applications using React Native:

**Expo:**  
Expo is a set of tools and services built around React Native and native platforms. It helps you develop, build, deploy, and quickly iterate on Android and iOS. It provides a wide range of pre-built components and libraries to speed up app development. It makes certain decisions based on common needs in React Native apps.

**React Native:**  
React Native is the core framework for building mobile applications using React and JavaScript. It offers complete flexibility and access to native device features and libraries. It offers developers more control over the code and can integrate custom native modules when necessary.

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### How does React Native Work?

In React Native, the application works with two separate threads: the ***JS (JavaScript) Thread*** and the ***Native Thread***. The core of React Native’s code runs within the JS thread, where it handles calculations and processing. Once the calculations are complete, React Native passes the final data in JSON format to the Native Thread. This data transfer is made possible by an Async Bridge. The Native Thread then uses this data to create and display the app’s layout on the screen. This division of tasks ensures that React Native apps run smoothly and efficiently.

*This is the older architecture in which the bridge has issues like it was asynchronous, single-threaded, and imposed extra overheads.*

The new architecture has moved away from using the Bridge for communication and adopted a new architecture that consists of ***Turbo Modules — The New Native Module System*,** **Fabric — The New Renderer** and ***The Codegen***.

![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/0*GsZvUTtOCkiWOpt5.png )

Turbo Native Modules represent a significant advancement in Native Modules, providing some extra benefits. They provide consistent, strongly typed interfaces across platforms, making development more predictable. Developers can leverage C++ alongside native languages, reducing the need for redundant code. With lazy loading, applications launch faster, enhancing the user experience. The use of JSI streamlines communication, surpassing the traditional bridge for efficiency.

Fabric is a new UI layer that facilitates synchronous communication with native UI components. It offers consistent and strongly typed interfaces that work seamlessly on various platforms. It allow developers to write code in C++, either exclusively or integrated with other native languages. It also leverages JSI, a JavaScript interface for native code, enabling highly efficient communication between native and JavaScript components, surpassing the traditional bridge method for communication.

The codegen simplifies the process by generating the C++ boilerplate code required for the New Architecture using static typing in JavaScript.

### Features of React Native

Let’s turn our attention to its diverse features, showcasing the versatility of React Native in the world of mobile app development.

* **Cross-Platform Development:** When you need to develop an app for both iOS and Android platforms, React Native is the best choice. It allows you to maintain and share a single codebase, reducing development time and costs.
    
* **Rapid Prototyping:** React Native is excellent for quickly prototyping and validating app ideas. It enables you to build and test your concept on multiple platforms simultaneously, helping you assess its feasibility before committing to full-scale development.
    
* **Limited Resources:** If you have limited development resources, React Native can be a cost-effective solution. It allows smaller teams or startups to reach a broad user base without needing separate development teams for iOS and Android.
    
* **IoT and Home Automation:** React Native can be used for building mobile applications that control Internet of Things (IoT) devices, smart home automation systems, and remote monitoring solutions.
    
* **Content-Driven Apps:** Apps that primarily deliver content, like news, blogs, or media streaming services, are well-suited for React Native. It ensures a consistent experience on both iOS and Android.
    
* **Expanding Capabilities:** React Native is a valuable tool for enhancing existing native applications by enabling developers to create reusable components that seamlessly integrate into the current codebase. This streamlines adding new features, saving time and resources while enhancing the application’s overall quality and functionality.
    

### Advantages of React Native

The following are some advantages that React Native brings to the world of mobile app development.

* **Code Reusability:** You can reuse a substantial portion of your code across platforms, saving effort and ensuring consistency in your application behavior and appearance.
    
* **Hot Reloading:** Developers can see the immediate impact of code changes in real-time, speeding up the development and debugging process.
    
* **Cost-Effective Development:** Building a single codebase for multiple platforms reduces development and maintenance costs, making it a cost-effective choice.
    
* **Large Community and Ecosystem:** React Native has a vast and active community, leading to a wealth of third-party libraries, plugins, and tools that enhance productivity and offer solutions for various app requirements.
    

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### Disadvantages of React Native

React Native offers a range of advantages, but it’s equally important to consider its disadvantages. Let’s explore some of the disadvantages associated with React Native.

* **Limited Access to Native Functionality:** While React Native provides access to many native modules and components, it may not cover every platform-specific feature. Developers may need to write custom native code (Java, Swift, Objective-C) for certain functionalities, which can increase complexity.
    
* **Platform-Specific Bugs:** React Native bridges JavaScript and native code. Therefore, platform-specific bugs and inconsistencies may arise that require additional effort for debugging and testing. As errors may occur in the native code rather than the JavaScript code.
    
* **Limited Graphics Support:** Complex 3D graphics or intensive animations may not perform as well in React Native compared to fully native development, which provides more extensive graphics capabilities.
    

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### Key Differences of React vs React Native

The following are some key differences that are crucial for making well-informed decisions in your development projects.

![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/1*DleX4TRS9hAb9NRtFL-n5Q.png )

Though React Native is used for mobile app development, still it gives you the freedom to create a web app from the existing codebase using an npm package like React Native for Web. With this flexibility, you can develop your React components only once and use them seamlessly in web and mobile projects. However, it’s important to note that React and React Native functions are uniquely defined, which demands some code modifications to enable seamless platform switching.

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![image](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/800/0*wJ6cpzxSvNL1GbbT.png)

### Factors to Consider While Choosing Between React and React Native

Consider the following factors when choosing between React and React Native:

**Platform:**

* React is for web development.
    
* React Native for mobile app development (iOS and Android).
    

**Target Audience and Use Case:**

* Consider the intended users and their preferred platforms. If your audience primarily uses mobile devices, React Native may be more suitable.
    

**Development Speed:**

* React Native can accelerate mobile app development because you can share a significant portion of your codebase between iOS and Android.
    

**Complexity of the App:**

* For highly complex, performance-critical, or graphics-intensive applications, React Native offers more control over native components and may be a better choice. React is suitable for less complex web apps.
    

**Ecosystem and Libraries:**

* React has a vast ecosystem of libraries and tools for web development. React Native has a growing ecosystem for mobile app development.
    

**Integration with Existing Codebase:**

* If you have existing code written in React, it may be beneficial to choose React Native for mobile development to leverage code sharing.
   

**Maintainability:**

* React can be easier for web applications, while React Native provides advantages in maintaining cross-platform mobile apps.
    

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### Conclusion

As we reach the end of this exploration into React and React Native, it becomes clear that both these technologies are powerhouses in their own right. React, with its mastery over web interfaces, and React Native, extending its expertise to mobile app development, have reshaped the digital landscape.

However, the choice between React and React Native hinges on your project’s unique needs. So, whether you’re crafting web developers or conquering the world of mobile apps, remember that React and React Native await, ready to bring your digital dreams to life.