What happens when you type google.com in your browser and hit enter...
Tags: devops, webdev, database, network
Published: 2023-05-12 21:23:20

Have you ever wondered what happens under the hood anytime you type `https://www.google.com` in your browser and hit the `enter` button?
The process may seem instantaneous but there are a lot of complex steps that happen in order to ensure that you are able to seamlessly access the Google search engine. So in this blog post, I'm going to take you on a journey on what happens from the moment you hit enter, and also covering important components such as _DNS requests, TCP/IP, firewalls, HTTPS/SSL, load-balancers, web servers, application servers, and databases_.

Let's get into it!

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###Step I => DNS Request
![DNS Requests](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/6cmbxfedlwyp6gzudn7g.png)
The moment type `https://www.google.com` in your browser and press enter, your browser sends a request to a Domain Name System(DNS) server, requesting the IP address associated with the domain name `www.google.com`. The DNS server then searches its records and returns the corresponding IP address to your browser.

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###Step II => TCP/IP
![TCP/IP](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/08yf9yv66ley1bz8082g.jpg)
Using the IP address, your browser initiates a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) connection. TCP/IP is the protocol suite used for the communication between devices on the internet. Your browser then establishes a connection with the Google sever using the IP address obtained earlier.

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###Step III => Firewall
![Firewall](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/023ypuh0uy1uyxjdemxb.jpg)
Once the TCP/IP connection is established, the request passes through any firewalls or security measures that Google has in place. Firewalls act as barriers, monitoring and filtering incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect against unauthorized access or malicious activity.

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###Step IV => HTTPS/SSL
![HTTPS/SSL](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/zqmkx8fyv61swtz31cxa.jpg)
In today's security-conscious digital landscape, secure communication is crucial. To ensure encrypted and secure data transmission, your browser and the server engages in a negotiation process known as the Transport Layer Security (TLS) handshake. During this handshake, your browser and the server establishes a secure HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) connection, using SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or its successor, TLS.

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###Step V => Load-Balancer
![Load-Balancer](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/7a3sqktc0k2j64fh6r0r.jpg)
Websites like Google typically employ load-balancers to distribute incoming traffic across multiple servers. Load-balancers act as intermediaries, intelligently routing requests to different servers based on factors like server load and availability. This helps ensure efficient handling of high volumes of requests and enhances the overall performance and reliability of the website.

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###Step VI => Web Server

![Web Server](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/xnz5znyugf5w34geimq1.png)
Once the load-balancer routes the request, it reaches the web server. The web server is responsible for processing the incoming HTTP(S) request and generating an appropriate response. In the case of Google, the web server handles the search request and prepares the search results to be sent back to your browser.

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###Step VII => Application Server
![Application Server](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/aw40borduiia1y3d1izg.jpg)
For more complex web applications, such as Google's search engine, an application server often comes into play. The application server hosts the core logic and functionality of the web application. It retrieves data from databases, processes user input, and generates dynamic content that the web server can deliver to your browser. In the case of Google, the application server plays a vital role in processing search queries and generating relevant search results.

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###Step VIII => Database
![Database](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/c7sqd081h18671049dcx.jpg)
Behind every powerful web application, there is typically a robust database system. The application server communicates with the database to retrieve and store data as required. In Google's case, the database stores vast amounts of indexed web content, allowing for efficient search queries and retrieval of relevant search results.

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###Conclusion
The journey from typing `https://www.google.com` in your browser to accessing the Google search engine involves a complex orchestration of various components. From DNS requests to TCP/IP connections, firewalls, HTTPS/SSL, load-balancers, web servers, application servers, and databases, each step plays a critical role in ensuring a seamless and secure user experience. Understanding these behind-the-scenes processes gives us a deeper appreciation for the sophisticated infrastructure that powers the websites we interact with every day.

As technology continues to advance, these components are constantly evolving to enhance performance, scalability, and security. Load-balancers enable efficient distribution of traffic, ensuring that servers can handle high loads without compromising speed. Firewalls provide a crucial layer of protection against malicious attacks, safeguarding sensitive user data. HTTPS/SSL encryption ensures that data transmitted between your browser and the server remains confidential and secure.

Web servers and application servers work hand in hand to process user requests and deliver dynamic content. The web server handles the initial request, while the application server executes complex logic, interacts with databases, and generates dynamic responses. Databases store and retrieve vast amounts of data efficiently, enabling web applications like Google to provide real-time search results from a vast index.

Overall, the process of typing `https://www.google.com` in your browser and pressing Enter involves a complex interplay of various components. These components work together seamlessly to ensure that you can access the desired website quickly, securely, and reliably. Understanding the behind-the-scenes journey not only expands our knowledge of web infrastructure but also highlights the remarkable advancements that have shaped the modern internet.

Next time you perform a simple search on Google or any other website, remember the intricate series of steps that occur to deliver the results within seconds. The world of web technology continues to innovate, and each component in the process plays a vital role in providing a seamless user experience.

So, the next time you hit that Enter key, take a moment to appreciate the intricacies of the journey that takes place behind the scenes, allowing you to effortlessly connect to the vast world of information on the internet.

###References
- [What is the Internet? Definition from WhatIs.com. - TechTarget](https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Internet#:~:text=The%20Internet%2C%20sometimes%20called%20simply,to%20users%20at%20other%20computers)
- [What Is SSL and How Does It Work](https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/what-is-ssl)
- [What Is a Web Server? Deliver Content Fast](https://www.nginx.com/resources/glossary/web-server/)