NETVOLUTION- FROM ARPANET TO CYBERSPACE
Tags: webdev, beginners, frontend, internet
Published: 2024-05-11 15:15:43

The Internet has revolutionized the way we interact, communicate, access information, go about our daily activities and so on.
I’ll be delving into the history of the Internet, exploring its fundamental components.

**The Birth of the Internet:ARPANET**
The Internet root can be traced back to the late 1960’s when a US government agency (ARPA- Advanced Research Projects Agency) founded a computer network called ARPAnet.
In 1969, the first computers communicated over ARPANET. The initial network only had four nodes but more were added to allow research universities to share data and other resources; After ARPANET, other networks were developed. 
The World Wide Web was launched in 1991, and it allows users from any connected computer to locate resources and web pages using Uniform Resource Locators (URL’s)- The URL serves as the address that tells the computer where to find resources on the internet.

**DNS:The Internet’s Phonebook**

![How DNS works](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/9doe7celma5gsdq1d2dz.jpeg)

  
One crucial component of the internet is the Domain Name System (DNS), which acts as the internet's phonebook, translating human-readable domain names (like google.com) into IP addresses (such as 172.217.6.46) that computers use to communicate with each other. DNS ensures that when you type a web address into your browser, your computer can locate the correct web server on the internet.

**Network Packets: The Building Blocks of Communication**
At the heart of internet communication are network packets, small units of data that are grouped together and transferred over a computer network. When you send a request to access a website or download a file, your computer breaks down the data into packets, which are then sent across the internet to their destination. Once there, the packets are reassembled to reconstruct the original data.

**FTP**
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used for transferring files between computers on a network. It enables users to upload, download and manage files on remote servers with ease.

**HTTP & HTTPS Requests**
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of the World Wide Web. When you visit a website, your browser sends an HTTP request to the web server, which responds with the requested web page. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, enabling seamless retrieval of webpages and resources. However, HTTP traffic is not secure, making it susceptible to interception and manipulation by malicious actors.

To address this security concern, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) was developed. HTTPS encrypts data transmitted between the client and the server, ensuring that sensitive information such as passwords and credit card numbers remains confidential. This encryption is achieved through the use of Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols, protecting sensitive information from tampering and eavesdropping.

**The Future of the Internet** 
As we venture further into the digital age, the internet continues to evolve at an unprecedented pace. Technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things hold the promise of reshaping cyberspace and enhancing online security and privacy.

In conclusion, the internet's history is a testament to human innovation and collaboration. From its early days as a small network of computers to the global phenomenon it is today, the internet has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact. Understanding key technologies like DNS, Network Packets, FTP, HTTP, and HTTPS requests provides insight into the inner workings of the internet and its continued evolution.