Two Powerful Techniques: CSS Resetting And Normalizing
Published: 2024-06-09 06:14:17



by [John Abraham](https://blog.openreplay.com/authors/john-abraham)




<blockquote><em>
In modern web development, CSS resetting and normalizing are two important techniques to achieve consistent styling across browsers. Ensuring proper styling consistency across several browsers is key to creating a seamless user experience. Inconsistent rendering can reduce user engagement and accessibility. Adequate styling enhances the aesthetic appeal and contributes to usability and brand perception. This article will explain both techniques so you can write better CSS.
</em?</blockquote>





<div style="background-color:#efefef; border-radius:8px; padding:10px; display:block;">
<hr/>
<h3><em>Session Replay for Developers</em></h3> 
<p><em>Uncover frustrations, understand bugs and fix slowdowns like never before with <strong><a href="https://github.com/openreplay/openreplay" target="_blank">OpenReplay</a></strong> — an open-source session replay suite for developers. It can be <strong>self-hosted</strong> in minutes, giving you complete control over your customer data.</em></p>
<img alt="OpenReplay" style="margin-top:5px; margin-bottom:5px;" width="768" height="400" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openreplay/openreplay/main/static/openreplay-git-hero.svg" class="astro-UXNKDZ4E" loading="lazy" decoding="async">
<p><em>Happy debugging! <a href="https://openreplay.com" target="_blank">Try using OpenReplay today.</a></em><p>
<hr/>
</div>




## What is CSS Reset?

CSS reset is a popular technique used in web development to override default browser styles. This aims to establish a consistent baseline for styling across different platforms. Its main purpose is to set standardized styles for [HTML elements](https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_elements.asp), which helps eliminate browser inconsistencies. This technique creates a more uniform and predictable appearance of web content across various browsers by neutralizing default styles such as margins, list styles, and padding. The technique aims to give developers greater control over the styling process. 

It comes with its own set of libraries, such as [Eric Meyer's CSS reset](https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/) and [Yahoo's YUI reset](https://gist.github.com/marharyta/b03f13c12b1cb3bb1b468fc5c679dbee), to name a few. To go deeper:

- **Eric Meyer's CSS Reset:** This is one of the oldest and most influential reset stylesheets. It aims to normalize browser styles by removing default margins, padding, and other inconsistencies. Meyer's CSS Reset provides a thorough reset of styles, offering developers a clean slate to build upon.

- **Yahoo's YUI Reset:** It was created by Yahoo's engineering team to be part of the YUI library. This reset stylesheet resets styles for HTML elements to a consistent baseline. It focuses on neutralizing browser-specific styles while preserving certain default styles deemed essential for usability. 


### Pros of CSS Reset

Introducing a CSS reset into your web development workflow will profoundly impact the manageability and consistency of your styling efforts. Let's have a look at some of its pros:

- **Consistency across browsers:** As mentioned, its primary purpose is to establish a consistent styling baseline across different browsers; this purpose serves as a benefit. By neutralizing browser-specific defaults, you can ensure your web pages look and behave similarly across various platforms. 

- **Greater Control and Customizations:** It also empowers developers with greater control over the styling of HTML elements. By starting with a clean slate, developers can build stylesheets from scratch and tailor designs to meet specific project requirements without being constrained by browser defaults. 

- **Streamlined Development Process:** Its Implementation can also help streamline the development process. This is done by providing a standardized starting point for styling. Instead of reinventing the wheel with each project, you can leverage existing reset sheets or customize yours to establish a consistent foundation for future projects. This helps to increase efficiency and scalability. 


### Cons of CSS Reset

Despite its benefits, it also has a few cons that can challenge developers. These cons involve a learning curve, a slight potential for unintended consequences, and increased file sizes. Let's have a better look at these cons:


- **Potential for Unintended Consequences:** While it offers a ton of benefits, you must implement it with caution. Resetting default styles can have unintended consequences, such as unexpectedly altering the appearance or behavior of HTML elements. To avoid conflicts with existing styles, you must thoroughly test your designs across several browsers and devices.

- **Increased File Size:** Including a CSS reset file in a project increases the overall file size, which can impact load times, especially on slower mobile devices or connections. 

- **Learning Curve:** Implementing this technique might be a challenge to developers who are less familiar with CSS specificity and inheritance. You'll need a proper understanding of the above to customize reset styles that align with project requirements and design preferences. 



## What is Normalize.css?

Normalize.css was developed to standardize default styles across different browsers. Unlike traditional CSS resets, which aim to eliminate default styles, it takes a different approach by preserving useful default styles. It establishes a baseline set of styles that are consistent across different platforms and eradicates the differences in default browser styles to ensure a more uniform presentation of your web content. 

The main difference between both techniques is their approach to handling default browser styles. CSS reset aims to erase all default styles and create an empty slate for styling; in the meantime, normalize.css preserves certain default styles and normalizes others. It achieves this by targeting specific HTML elements and applying styles to standardize their appearance across all platforms. Retaining certain essential default styles like [form element styles](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form), [line heights](https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_dim_line-height.php), and [font size](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/font-size), it ensures that your web contents maintain a consistent look across different environments.


### Pros of Normalize.css

When considering its implementation, weighing all the benefits you'll be getting is important. Let's have a look at a few of them:

- **Preservation of Usable Defaults:** Unlike CSS reset, which erases all default styles, normalize.css preserves a few useful styles that contribute to accessibility. 

- **Less Drastic Styling Changes:** This technique preserves certain default styles and produces less drastic changes to the appearance of web content. This is mostly beneficial for projects that aim to maintain a familiar user experience. 


### Cons of Normalize.css

While its implementation addresses and solves many issues, it also has its drawbacks. Understanding its drawbacks is just as important as knowing its advantages so you can better maintain consistency across browsers more efficiently. Let's have a look at some of these cons:

- **Potential for Overlapping Styles:** While aiming to standardize default styles, there is a risk of overlapping styles or conflicts with existing stylesheets. You should carefully implement this in your project and ensure that it complements rather than overrides custom styles. 

- **The Appearance of Unwanted Styles:** Normalize.css normalizes default browser styles, but there can be certain cases where some styles are not desired and may conflict with project-specific requirements. 



<CTA_Middle_Basics />




## Benefits of Using CSS Reset or Normalize.css

In this section, we will explore the several benefits of implementing CSS reset or normalize.css into your projects. These techniques are crucial in establishing consistency, predictability, and maintainability in CSS styles across several browsers and devices. Let's dive into each of these benefits: 

### Improved Browser Consistency
One of the primary benefits of utilizing both techniques is enhancing cross-browser consistency. All web browsers come with their own default stylesheets, which can lead to inconsistencies in how HTML elements are rendered across different browsers. The variation in default styles leads to websites appearing broken in different browsers. They both aim to ensure a more uniform appearance of web content. Regardless of the technique used, the end goal is the same: to establish a consistent styling baseline. 

This improved cross-browser consistency not only enhances the visual coherence of web designs but also contributes to a more seamless user experience. Users can expect a consistent look or feel when accessing a website from different browsers or devices. This helps to build confidence and trust in the web app's reliability. In addition, it eliminates the need for developers to write browser-specific CSS hacks or workarounds, streamlining the development process and allowing for more efficient code maintenance over time.


### Reduced Browser Default Style Interference
Sometimes, the default style can interfere with the custom styles applied by a developer. This can lead to unexpected rendering differences and layout inconsistencies across various browsers. The interference usually occurs because all browsers try to apply their default styles to HTML elements, including colors, fonts, padding, and margins, which can conflict with the custom styles defined in CSS. 

By implementing both techniques, you can reduce or eliminate the impact of browser default style interference. CSS reset achieves this by nullifying all default styles, thereby providing a blank canvas for developers to create and apply their styles without any interference from default styles. This helps to ensure that developers have total control over the appearance of HTML elements and, therefore, gives room for consistency. Normalize.css takes a slightly different approach by preserving useful default styles while normalizing inconsistencies across browsers. Rather than completely removing default styles, normalize.css targets specific HTML elements and applies styles to standardize their appearance.


### Easier Development and Maintenance of CSS Styles
They both significantly simplify developing and maintaining CSS styles for web development. When starting a project, developers often face the challenge of trying to ensure consistent styling across different browsers. You may spend a lot of time manually resetting or normalizing default browser styles for each HTML element. This already sounds like a tedious process and can leave room for errors. These techniques already provide standardized starting points for styling, reducing the need for manual adjustments.

They help improve team members' collaboration by establishing a standardized styling methodology. When a consistent styling baseline is in place, team members can easily understand and contribute to the CSS codebase, irrespective of their familiarity with specific browser default styles or styling conventions. This helps foster a more cohesive workflow and ensures that all the team members are on the same page, therefore adhering to the same styling standards and best practices.


### Increased Predictability in Styling Elements
Without these techniques, developers will face the unpredictability of default browser styles, which can vary significantly between different versions and browsers. This variation can make it challenging to predict how HTML elements will be displayed and how styles can be applied across various platforms. As a result of this, developers may experience unexpected rendering differences or styling quirks that can tarnish the user experience of their web app.

With the option to erase all default styles by using CSS reset, developers can now predictably apply their styling preferences across different browsers. Similarly, normalize.css establishes a consistent baseline that developers can rely on to achieve predictable results. The increased predictability not only simplifies the styling process for developers but also plays a key role in enhancing the user experience. Users who access the web app from different browsers or devices can expect a consistent look regardless of the underlying platform.  


### Reduction of Styling Bugs
Styling [bugs](https://learningloop.io/glossary/bugs) often arise due to the differences in default browser styles, which can lead to rendering differences or layout inconsistencies across different platforms. Both techniques mitigate these issues by nullifying or normalizing default styles and bring about a more consistent rendering of web content. 

The reduction in styling bugs streamlines the development process and improves code quality. Developers can write and test CSS code more confidently, knowing that their styles will behave consistently across different browsers and devices. This helps to reduce the time and effort that would be spent trying to debug styling issues, thereby allowing developers to focus on other issues like implementing features and refining the user interface. 




## Conclusion

Throughout this article, we have discussed the benefits of using CSS reset or normalize.css in web development projects. We first defined both techniques and outlined their purpose in establishing consistent styling across browsers, emphasizing the significance of styling consistency and the challenges posed by default browser styles. 

The choice between any of them depends on each web development project's specific needs and priorities. CSS reset offers a more comprehensive approach to resetting default styles, giving you complete control over styling. On the other hand, normalize.css offers a more nuanced approach by preserving useful defaults while normalizing inconsistencies, resulting in a more subtle impact on the appearance of web content. Either way, they both offer tons of benefits, should you choose to go with one.