Optimizing Data Center Infrastructure: Network Cabinets,Cable Management Solutions
Published: 2024-03-24 11:40:30

Data centers, organizations and schools consists of server racks and network cabinets in the IT departments to support an abudance of data cables, power cords and network devices.

## 
Different TYPES OF SERVER RACKS.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/sml8srdru5jdp0hmh43o.png)

In this article we will talk about network cabinets,patch panels and cable management.

## 1.Patch Panels

A patch panel in a local area network (LAN) is a mounted hardware assembly that contains ports that are used to connect and manage incoming and outgoing LAN cables. A patch panel provides a way to keep large numbers of cables organized, enabling flexible connectivity into network hardware located in a data center or an access or wiring closet. Patch panels also known as _patch bays,_ _patch fields_ or _jack fields_.
It is usually attached to network racks ,either above or below switches. According  to the cable type, it can be divided into Ethernet patch panel and fiber patch panel.

Here are **types of patch panels** and ports they support.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/m1vypyktbo0si22x55l2.PNG)
Patch Panels come into 2 versions, **Shielded** and **unshielded patch panels** which differ primarily in their ability to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI). 
The following image shows a 24 port shielded Cat6 patch panel which features installer-friendly design for quick installation and organization of shielded copper cabling system.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gt159txty2j45runzndh.PNG).
Below is 24 port patch panel which is equipped with Cat6 snap-in unshielded keystone jacks.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/6k86ue82mxnkdj44b5hl.PNG)
Below are the differences between the two:

- shielded patch panels- Shielded patch panels typically have metal shielding around the ports or along the entire panel which provides against (EMI) while unshielded panel ports ideally lack this metal shielding and have exposed ports.


- Shielded patch panels-  provide better protection against electromagnetic and radio frequency interference while unshielded patch panels offer basic protection against interference but may not be more susceptible to EMI and RFI compared to shielded panels

- Shielded patch panels - typically cost more than unshielded patch panels due to the additional materials and manufacturing processes involved in adding shielding.

Shielded patch panels-Though the shielded Cat6 patch panel do cost more,it is better in helping to overcome alien crosstalk.

for more diagrams and patch panels follow the following link.
There are many Ethernet patch panels.[https://www.fs.com/c/patch-panels-wall-plates-1097](url). 

**What is Feedthrough patch panel?**

Feedthrough patch panel provides patching without punching down the wires to the ports. There are generally Cat5e, Cat6, and Cat6a feedthrough patch panel configured in 1U (24 ports) or in 2U size (48 ports).Each feedthrough patch panel has both RJ45 ports on the front and rear side.The keystone coupler of feedthrough patch panel can be removed. Users can match the blank panel and the couplers as they like.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ro5h3a5cbwiian7rnbi5.PNG)


. Here No punch Down is Required, the  24-port patch panel uses the feed through cat6a patch panel which features RJ45 ports on both the front and rear sides. Cables with RJ45 connectors are simply inserted through the front ports and come out through the rear ports, without the need for punching down or stripping the cable jacket.  

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/2ae01sfunsi2r77s38bh.jpg)


**Punch Down Cat6a Patch Panel.**

Punch down type patch panel, some also simply call them patch panel, is a regular patch panel we can easily find. It is also called 110 bunk punch down patch panel as an improvement of the older type 66 bunk punch down patch panel.Color-coded labels are typically provided for T568A and T568B wiring configurations,ensuring correct termination of wires.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4etwt5ey7scv0kon17fn.PNG)

For the punch Down type, on its front plate it comes in RJ45 ports to directly connect Ethernet cables, While on its rear side, the plate module is set with color markings for punching down Ethernet cables.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/uxyxdwoa5i71lfmde1rq.PNG)

Pictorial diagram on how to use the punch down tool to press down the cables onto the panel and cut the excess wire.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/mbvyrgduhct13gvbzw9k.PNG).
Nowadays, the feed-through patch panel is more acceptable than punch down patch panel in that the Ethernet patch cables can be inserted into the ports directly in an easy and fast way.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/k63nl067pvbngnljvwcl.PNG)
## How to Use Cat6A Patch Panel for network Cabling?
Patch panels are always the indispensable component of tidy and neat cabling system in the data center. It contains ports to connect and manage the incoming and outgoing copper cables.

For  Cat6, we have  Cat6 Coupler Patch Panel, 24-Port, 1RU, Cable Management Bar[] (https://resource.fs.com/video/20221110170400n41g8q.mp4)


Z-MAX 6A shielded patch panels provide unprecedented performance and reliability in a high-density modular solution. These complete patch panel kits combine 19 inch shielded patch panels with Z-MAX 6A shielded panel outlets to offer the industry’s highest performing category 6A patching solution.

z-Max shielded patch panels facilitate a world class installation for data centers and telecommunications rooms by offering an attractive appearance combined with flexible labelling and color coding.
Parts of the Z-MAX 6a shielded patch panel.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5rzeb6bkgt2o2faj44l2.PNG)

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/qgmhz4i2oopvbf1m19tk.PNG)

Rear view of the Z-MAX 6A Shielded patch panel.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/zic9vrvsu3hz7zrydqib.PNG)
for termination of Z-max shielded CAT6 follow the installation pdf.
[https://files.siemon.com/int-download-installation-instructions/wa_shielded-z-max-module_ii.pdf](https://files.siemon.com/int-download-installation-instructions/wa_shielded-z-max-module_ii.pdf)
**Flat Vs Angled Patch Panel**.
Flat patch panel helps horizontal cable managers to organize and route cables into vertical managers,while angled patch panel is easy for cable termination can improve patch cord routing.Angled patch panel need no rack space for horizontal management.The angled design increases rack density, managing high-density applications in one-fourth the area needed for conventional cable management systems.
But angled patch panels are not good for cabinet installation due to the front depth requirements.

A data cabinet, also commonly referred to as a server cabinet or server enclosure, is an essential piece of infrastructure in data centers and server rooms. It serves as a secure housing unit for various IT equipment, including servers, networking devices, storage systems, and other critical hardware components.

## Types of networks cabinets. 
Freestanding data cabinets- Have rolling wheels for easy relocation or movement around.
Wall-Mount cabinets/racks are suitable for small business applications such as small routers, ethernet switches, CCTV/DVR for storing CCTV equipment.
Brands of data cabinets include; EaseNet, Giganet, Arnet, ACP, Molex, D-link and Siemon Network Cabinets.

Some key considerations to determine the best data cabinet:

1.Size and Capacity: Evaluate the amount and type of IT equipment that needs to be housed in the cabinet, including servers, switches, UPS units, and patch panels. Choose a cabinet with sufficient rack space (measured in rack units or "U") to accommodate current and future equipment needs. 

2.Physical Space Constraints-Consider the available space in the server room or data center where the cabinet will be installed. Ensure the selected cabinet fits within the allocated space and allows for adequate clearance for ventilation, maintenance, and cable management

3.Security Requirements: Assess the security needs of the organization or school. Choose a data cabinet with robust locking mechanisms, secure doors, and tamper-resistant features to protect valuable IT assets and sensitive data from unauthorized access.

4.Cable Management: Evaluate the cable management capabilities of the cabinet to ensure efficient organization and routing of cables. Look for features such as cable trays, vertical cable managers,cable ducts,rings and cable routing channels to minimize clutter, reduce cable strain, and improve airflow within the cabinet.

5.Accessibility and Maintenance - Consider ease of access for installation, maintenance, and troubleshooting tasks. Choose a cabinet with removable side panels, reversible doors, and other accessibility features to facilitate equipment installation and servicing without disrupting operations.

6.Budgetary Constraints: Determine the allocated budget for the data cabinet purchase. Balance the desired features, quality, and affordability to select a cabinet that offers the best value for the organization or school within the budget constraints.

- Manufacturer Reputation -Choose a reputable brand known for quality, durability and customer support.

7.Sound Dampening: Some racks are equiped with sound-dampening materials to reduce operational noise, ideal for environments where noise is concern.

## Cable management.
There are two types of data center cabling: **Structured cabling** and** unstructured cabling**. **Structured cabling** is a standardized cabling infrastructure that uses a set of predetermined specifications, cable types and connection method to establish a reliable and scalable network infrastructure.
In a structured cabling system, there is a structure created by a series of patch panels and trunks. It allows for a connection from hardware ports to a patch panel at the top of the rack. Then, that patch panel is connected to another patch panel through a trunk in the MDA. And the MDA (Main Distribution Area) is the main aspect of structured cabling. It provides a place for all the MAC’s (Moves, Adds, and Changes) to be made with short length patch cords. 
**Unstructured cabling** refers to cable installations where devices are unknowingly connected to each other, which can result in a disorganized and unmanageable mess that can lead to network performance issues.

## Importance of Cable Management.
Cable management is a crucial aspect of maintaining an efficient and organized data center, ensuring the data center equipment and devices are connected and functioning optimally with reliability, efficiency, and safety.

1. Airflow: Good cable management allows air to flow more freely through the racks, which prevents overheating or hot spots from forming. This can extend the life of the equipment and reduce maintenance costs.

2.Maintenance: Well-organized  cables are easier to identify and trace, which makes troubleshooting and maintenance quicker and easier. This reduces downtime and improves overall productivity.

3.Safety: Properly routed cables reduce the risk of tripping and other accidents. Labeling and organizing cables also help prevent accidental disconnections, which could cause data loss or other problems.

4.Scalability: As data centers grow and expand, good cable management ensures that new equipment can be added easily and without disrupting existing installations.


5.Compliance: Many regulations and industry standards require proper data center cable management. Compliance with these regulations helps to ensure the security and integrity of data, as well as protect the environment from unnecessary cable waste.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/neud66n8sbodj2inra6s.PNG)

**cable managers** are essential for organizing cables, minimizing clutter and ensuring safety.
There are two main types of cable managers:                          

1. Horizontal- Shaped like simple tubes with spaces to slide cables through.
Horizontal cable managers are usually installed on any EIA 19" racks or cabinets in data centers and telecom rooms to organize cables and keep them neatly away from the equipment.

2. Vertical- They're made to stand tall on the rack edges
Vertical cable managers typically come with installation brackets to be mounted on any EIA 19" standard rack or cabinet in data centers and telecom rooms, offering both front-to-back and side-to-side management options for copper, fiber optic, and coaxial cables.

**D-rings**. The cable manager with D-rings is easy to mount on standard racks or cabinets. It can make your cabinet tidy and improve the overall running status of the system while meeting the various cable management needs. One of the most crucial factors to consider when selecting a cable manager is the size and type of cables you intend to manage. Used to protect cables from nicks or abrasion.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/b20ylbe65x4a0bsgmjd3.PNG).
**1U D-Ring cable manager**
The first one is a 1U D-Ring cable manager that features 5 Detachable D-rings, enabling you to organize cable layout within an enclosure or a rack. Meanwhile, it can reduce tension on equipment ports and prevent damage to expensive rack-mounted devices. In addition to cable management, this panel improves the efficiency of your cooling system by covering unused rack space, which offers an economical solution for current and future applications.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/01pu1dnww6iutll59sou.PNG)
**0U D-Ring cable manager.**
It takes up 0U rack space in your device and is compatible with all standard 19" EIA racks or cabinets. Constructed of a high-quality steel panel, this D-Ring cable manager offers 5 detachable and rotatable PC plastic D-rings for routing cables through your server rack and reducing cable stress. Using the “Zero U” advantage, you can optimize server configuration by stacking more active devices to realize maximum efficiency and reduce costs.

**How to Use D-Ring During Cable Management**
When using D-rings:

1. Plan the route cables will take,gauging the amount and sizes of cables you'll be organizing.

2.Select D-rings that can comfortably handle the load and fit your cables without being too crowded-Depending on the environment, opt for either plastic for light-duty work or metal for more demanding conditions. To mount the D-rings, gather your tools—such as a drill, screws, and potentially wall anchors, and proceed to attach them along the designated path, whether that's on a rack or a wall. Ensure that they are aligned and level, spacing them at intervals that prevent the cables from sagging or bending too aggressively, which is typically every 16 to 24 inches, though this can vary.

3. Carefully run cables through the D-rings taking care not to cause any sharp bends or excessive force on the cables.Use either cable ties or velcro straps to secure them within the D-rings,being careful not to constrict them too tightly to avoid damage.
**Velcro straps** offer flexibility for future cable modifications while .** Cable ties** provide a more permanent hold but require cutting for adjustments.



**Finger Duct**.
Flexible fingers maximize the care and protection of the equipment and cables, keeping the structured cabling system unhurt and totally functional. This kind of cable manager separates and routes cables easily, using a series of slotted fingers of the duct and pass-through holes on the back to satisfy functional and aesthetic requirements.
Vertical Finger duct Cable Managers- are mounted on rack sides, facilitating efficient cable routing in both front-to-back and side-to-side directions, optimizing rack space utilization.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/sw7e0ijvgdpo8w6wvvoh.PNG).
The vertical cable managers have different dimensions ,
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kr8uxt38o8xo7ky6cofw.PNG)

 While horizontal finger duct cable managers cable within a rack or cabinet from front-to-back with unique fingers designed to protect cables from damage.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4k4w3cpwnben5soxbx77.PNG).
**Brush Strip**.
In addition to the above two common types of cable management racks, FS also provides the cable management filler panel with brush. This kind of cable manager offers several advantages:

- Reduces the accumulation of dust and debris by preventing them from entering the rack or cabinet, thereby maintaining cleanliness around the equipment and wiring.

- Enhances ventilation by allowing airflow, aiding in the proper cooling of equipment to prevent overheating.

- Provides a convenient way to organize cables, allowing for easy addition or removal.
**Cable lacing bars**
Also known as lacers bars or strain relief bars.They are usually used to mount to standard EIA 19" racks reducing strain on horizontal cables connected to a patch panel or device.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/mwwfrfjnr31rwk0vzs6v.PNG)
**Types of cable lacing bars.**
**Round Lacer Bars**: Round lacer bars are used for individual or a small amount of horizontal cables. The rod has flattened ends and its diameter is 1/4 inch.
**
Round Lacer Bars with Offset**: When lacing small bundles or individual cables off the rear of equipment, patch panels and other components, round lacer bars with offset are used to relieve cable stress from the connections. Appropriate offset should be selected based on the distance from the rear of equipment to the rack rail.

**Square Lacer Bars**: Square lacer bars are suitable for cable routing at the rear of equipment. They are also used for vertical or horizontal cable lacing. Similarly, they are still designed with 1/4” diameter rods and flattened ends.

**L-Shaped Lacer Bars**: L-shaped lacer bars are much stronger and provide fixed lacing points. More cables can be supported by this type of bar. You should also mind the distance from the rear of equipment to the rack rail for offset choosing.

**90 Degree Bend Lacer Bars**: 90 degree bend lacer bars are special for the 90 degree bend which provides full-width support. They can also be used for clearance around components that extend past the rear rack rail.

**Horizontal Lacer Panel**: Horizontal lacer panels are typically used for large lacing amounts of cables or mounting devices. They have large flanges, numerous lacing points and more surface for mounting.

## Cable support systems.

1.Convulated Tubing
also known as wire loom, helps keep wires and cables tidy to prevent fires and equipment failure. These are useful in managing cables in vehicles, entertainment systems, office PCs, and industrial settings, keeping everything organized.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/91krw7w5dpompisjuv15.PNG)

2.J HOOKS .
Cable support systems including cable tray, raceway and J Hooks (i.e. J Hook fastens).
Installed in confined areas that cannot accommodate cable trays or raceways.
J Hook, as its name suggested, looks like the letter “J”. It is usually made of galvanized steel or sometimes of plastic polymers, allowing for both indoor and outdoor installation. J Hooks are widely used for cable support because they are easy to reconfigure, offering flexibility, speed and economy in installation.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gqw21dds6fdjr7y060p6.PNG)
Read on how to install J-Hooks 
[https://community.fs.com/article/understanding-j-hooks-in-cable-support-systems.html](https://community.fs.com/article/understanding-j-hooks-in-cable-support-systems.html)


Note: Other factors such as pulling tension, bend radius and cable weight, etc. should be considered according to the practical applications. In addition, users can choose custom J Hook trees for multi-media cabling systems.

3.Cable Ties.
They are one of the most common and useful bits of kit in the toolbag.They have become a great solution for keeping cords,wires and even hoses contained. 

**Types of Cable Ties.**
**Stainless steel cable** Ties-The stainless cable ties are high temperature cable ties made of a variety of high-quality stainless steel which offers excellent corrosion resistance ,high temperature and durability characteristics. This sort of cable ties can withstand temperature ranging from -100 to +1000 degrees Fahrenheit. 
**Self-locking Nylon Cable Ties**-The most commonly used cable tie, also called zip tie is one-piece design with a lot of serration on the cable tie to lock the cables firmly. Nylon possesses an outstanding balance of properties, combined strength, moderate stiffness, high service temperature, and a high level of toughness. Nylon cable ties have higher UV resistance. They have a low coefficient of friction, and excellent abrasion resistance. But they should be stored in cool dry areas, out of direct sunlight, and sealed in the original packaging material.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/vh4o3bieunx6leu6lvcr.PNG)