teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Alpha-Beta Pruning in AI
Tags: ai, beginners, programming, tutorial
Published: 2024-02-23 09:15:54

[Alpha-beta pruning](https://www.almabetter.com/bytes/tutorials/artificial-intelligence/alpha-beta-pruning) is a [search algorithm](https://www.almabetter.com/bytes/tutorials/artificial-intelligence/search-algorithm-in-ai) used primarily for optimizing the minimax algorithm in game-playing artificial intelligence (AI) scenarios, such as in chess or checkers. It reduces the number of nodes evaluated in the search tree by considering only those nodes that are necessary for finding the best move.

Here's a simplified explanation of how alpha-beta pruning works:

Minimax Algorithm:

Before understanding alpha-beta pruning, it's essential to know about the minimax algorithm. Minimax is a decision rule used for minimizing the potential loss in a worst-case scenario. In a game tree, it alternates between maximizing and minimizing players, with each player making moves that maximize their chances of winning and minimizing their opponent's chances.
Alpha-Beta Pruning:

Alpha-beta pruning is a technique used to optimize the minimax algorithm by reducing the number of nodes that need to be evaluated in the search tree.
It maintains two values, alpha and beta, representing the minimum score that the maximizing player is assured of and the maximum score that the minimizing player is assured of, respectively.
During the search, if a node's value is found to be worse than the alpha value (for maximizing player) or better than the beta value (for minimizing player), then further exploration of that node can be stopped because it will not affect the final decision. This is the pruning step.
By pruning branches of the search tree that are known to be irrelevant, alpha-beta pruning effectively reduces the search space, leading to faster computation of the optimal move.
Example:

Consider a game tree with various possible moves and outcomes. Alpha-beta pruning allows the algorithm to disregard certain branches based on the values of alpha and beta.
If, during the search, the algorithm finds a node with a value greater than or equal to beta (for a minimizing player) or less than or equal to alpha (for a maximizing player), it prunes the subtree rooted at that node because the opposing player would not choose that node based on their current knowledge.
This process continues recursively, with alpha and beta values being updated as the search progresses, until the optimal move is found.
In summary, alpha-beta pruning is a powerful optimization technique that significantly reduces the computational effort required to find the optimal move in game-playing scenarios by intelligently pruning irrelevant branches of the search tree. It is widely used in AI implementations for various board games and other decision-making problems. Learn more with the [free online AI tutorial](https://www.almabetter.com/bytes/tutorials/artificial-intelligence)!
Create date easily in PHP
Tags: php, webdev
Published: 2024-02-20 12:43:31

The simplest way to create dates in PHP is to instantiate an object of the `DateTime` class.

```php
$date = new DateTime();
// "2022-12-19 08:33:03.003983"
```

We can also pass a `string` as a parameter to this constructor:

```php
// Current date and time ("2022-12-19 08:33:03.003983")
// Default value of the constructor
$date = new DateTime("now");

// This morning at midnight ("2022-12-19 00:00:00.000000")
$date = new DateTime("midnight");

// Tomorrow at midnight ("2022-12-20 00:00:00.000000")
$date = new DateTime("tomorrow");

// Last day of december at midnight ("2022-12-31 00:00:00.000000")
$date = new DateTime("last day of december");
```

---

## From a format

We can also create dates from a format that we define.

```php
// 2022-12-21 08:33:03.003983
$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('Y-m-d', '2022-12-21');
```

We see here that the hours, minutes and seconds are initialized with the values of the current time. If we want to reset these values to `0`, we can use `!`.

* A date at midnight?
```php
// 2022-12-19 00:00:00.000000
$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('!Y-m-d', '2022-12-19');
```

* But it also works with days, months and years. The first day of the month?
```php
// 2022-12-01 00:00:00.000000
$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('!Y-m', '2022-12');
```

* First day of the year ?
```php
// 2022-01-01 00:00:00.000000
$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('!Y', '2022');
```

* January 1, 1970 🙃?
```php
// 1970-01-01 00:00:00.000000
$date = DateTime::createFromFormat('!', '');
```

---

## Thank you for reading, and let's stay in touch !
If you like this article, please share. You can also find me on [Twitter/X](https://twitter.com/enjimmyklein) for more PHP tips.
Xcode Tips to Supercharge Your Development Workflow
Tags: xcode, ios, swift
Published: 2024-02-23 09:05:00

---
title: Xcode Tips to Supercharge Your Development Workflow
published: true
description: 
tags: ["Xcode", "iOS", "Swift"]
# cover_image: https://direct_url_to_image.jpg
# Use a ratio of 100:42 for best results.

published_at: 2024-02-23 09:05 +0000
canonical_url: https://abdellahcodes.xyz/posts/xcode-tips/
---


If you're an iOS developer, you know how crucial it is to optimize your workflow in Xcode. In this blog post, we'll explore some powerful Xcode tips that can save you time and enhance your development experience.

We'll cover three main categories: file navigation, efficient text editing, and optimizing screen real estate.

Or if you can watch this video if you prefer

{% youtube f2GJx3xkk-0 %}

## File Navigation

### 1. Quick Open
Use `Command + Shift + O` to open any file within your project swiftly. You can even specify a line number to jump directly to a particular section of the code.

### 2. Reveal in Project Tree
When deep within a file, press `Command + Shift + J` to highlight and reveal the file in the project tree. Option-clicking on a file opens it in a split view.

### 3. Quick Help
If you're unsure about a code element, Option-click on it to access floating documentation, providing quick insights into its functionality.

### 4. Go to Definition
Skip the right-click and use `Option + Click` to jump directly to the definition of a variable or function.

### 5. Efficient Navigation
Navigate quickly between files using `Command + Control + Left/Right Arrow` to switch between open files, streamlining your workflow.

## Efficient Text Editing

### 6. Expand Switch Cases
Right-click on a switch statement, select "Refactor," and choose "Expand Switch Cases" to generate cases for all enum values.

### 7. Documentation Comments
Add documentation comments by using `Option + Command + /`. This adds a comment block, which is especially useful for generating Quick Help documentation.

### 8. Indentation
Fix indentation issues with ease. Use `Ctrl + I` to indent or de-dent a selected block or the entire file. For a single line, use `Command + [ / ]`.

## Optimizing Screen Real Estate

### 9. Customize Layout
Free up space on smaller screens by toggling the right sidebar and project navigator. Resize the debugging area and toggle it using `Command + Shift + Y`.

### 10. Toggle Preview Canvas
Hide the preview canvas when unnecessary by clicking the icon or using `Command + Option + Return`.

Now you're equipped with a set of powerful Xcode tips that cover file navigation, text editing, and screen real estate optimization.

Incorporate these into your workflow to become a more efficient, try to learn the shortcuts one by one

Happy coding :)
In Javascript, how do I check if an array has duplicate values
Published: 2024-02-23 09:01:47

You can [check for duplicate values in an array](https://askyt.info/in-javascript-how-do-i-check-if-an-array-has-duplicate-values/) using various methods in JavaScript. Here's a common approach using a hash table (an object in JavaScript) to keep track of the occurrences of each element:

```javascript
function hasDuplicates(array) {
    const seen = {}; // Create an empty object to store seen elements
    for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
        if (seen[array[i]]) { // If the element is already in the object, return true
            return true;
        }
        seen[array[i]] = true; // Otherwise, mark the element as seen
    }
    return false; // If no duplicates found, return false
}

// Example usage:
console.log(hasDuplicates([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])); // Output: false
console.log(hasDuplicates([1, 2, 3, 4, 1])); // Output: true
console.log(hasDuplicates(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'a'])); // Output: true
console.log(hasDuplicates([1, 1, 1, 1, 1])); // Output: true
console.log(hasDuplicates([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5])); // Output: true
```

Let's break down the code step by step:

1. `hasDuplicates` is a function that takes an array as an argument.
2. Inside the function, we initialize an empty object called `seen` to keep track of the elements we've encountered.
3. We loop through each element of the array using a `for` loop.
4. For each element, we check if it exists in the `seen` object. If it does, it means it's a duplicate, so we return `true`.
5. If the element is not found in the `seen` object, we mark it as seen by setting its value in the object to `true`.
6. If we finish the loop without finding any duplicates, we return `false`.
7. We provide 5 examples of using this function with different arrays, each demonstrating different scenarios of having duplicates or not.

The output is also provided in comments next to each example usage.

[Demo](https://jsfiddle.net/askavy/og2jzdt3/3/)
SwiftExchange
Tags: fintech, nestjs
Published: 2024-02-23 08:57:48



# **FinTech App: SwiftExchange**

## **Overview**
SwiftExchange is a cutting-edge financial technology (FinTech) app designed to revolutionize money transfers and financial management. It aims to provide users with a seamless experience for sending, receiving, and managing funds securely. Here's a sneak peek at what SwiftExchange offers:

---

## **Features**

### 1. **User Authentication and Security**
   - **Secure Sign-Up and Login**: Users can create accounts with strong passwords or use social logins (e.g., Google, Apple).
   - **Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)**: Enhances security by requiring an additional verification step during login.
   - **Encryption**: All sensitive data (including transactions) is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.

### 2. **Wallets and Balances**
   - **Multi-Currency Wallets**: Users can hold balances in various currencies (USD, EUR, JPY, etc.).
   - **Real-Time Balance Updates**: Instantly view account balances and transaction history.

### 3. **Money Transfer**
   - **Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Transfers**: Send money to other users within the app.
   - **International Transfers**: Seamlessly transfer funds across borders.
   - **Scheduled Payments**: Set up recurring transfers (e.g., monthly rent).

### 4. **Transaction History and Analytics**
   - **Transaction Logs**: Detailed records of all transactions.
   - **Charts and Insights**: Visualize spending patterns, income, and expenses.

### 5. **Notifications and Alerts**
   - **Real-Time Notifications**: Receive alerts for incoming funds, successful transfers, and account updates.
   - **Low Balance Alerts**: Warn users when their balance falls below a specified threshold.

### 6. **Optimization and Scalability**
   - **Microservices Architecture**: Divide the app into smaller, independent services for scalability.
   - **Load Balancing**: Distribute traffic efficiently across multiple servers.
   - **Caching**: Cache frequently accessed data to reduce database queries.

### 7. **Fast Data Fetching**
   - **Pagination**: Efficiently retrieve large datasets by breaking them into smaller chunks.
   - **Caching Strategies**: Use Redis or similar tools to cache frequently accessed data.

### 8. **Error Handling and Logging**
   - **Graceful Error Messages**: Inform users about issues without revealing sensitive information.
   - **Centralized Logging**: Monitor app behavior and troubleshoot errors.

---

## **Tech Stack**

- **Backend**:
    - **NestJS**: Provides a robust foundation for building APIs.
    - **MongoDB**: Stores user data, transactions, and balances.
    - **TypeORM**: Manages database interactions.
    - **Docker**: Ensures consistent deployment across environments.

- **Frontend** (not covered in this preview):
    - You can choose a frontend framework (React, Angular, Vue.js) for the user interface.
Powering Growth: Fundamental Global's Push to Broaden FG Reinsurance
Published: 2024-02-23 08:45:54


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/e5xtnvdc3lhq8onoe4ae.png)

Fundamental Global Inc., resulting from the merger of FG Financial Group, Inc. and FG Group Holdings Inc., is ready to boost its reinsurance branch, FG Reinsurance (FG Re). Kyle Cerminara, CEO of the newly united **[Fundamental Global](https://www.reinsurancene.ws/fundamental-global-aims-to-accelerate-fg-re-as-capacity-grows/)** entity, and Tom Heise, CEO of FG Reinsurance, anticipate substantial expansion in the reinsurance sector. As reported earlier on the merger announcement, the combined company is anticipated to possess assets exceeding $110 million and achieve an annual revenue surpassing $65 million. Furthermore, cost savings are expected to exceed $3 million in the first year after the merger, with additional savings targeted in the subsequent 12-24 months.
Automatically Prefix JIRA Issue ID to Git Commit Messages using Git Hooks
Tags: git, productivity, githooks, jira
Published: 2024-02-23 08:44:20

In software development teams, efficient communication and tracking are paramount. Integrating JIRA, a popular issue tracking tool, with Git commits streamlines this process. In this guide, we'll walk through automating the prefixing of JIRA issue IDs to Git commit messages, ensuring clarity and traceability in your project history.

# Step 1: Creating the Prepare Commit Message Hook

To automate the prefixing process, we'll utilize Git hooks, specifically the prepare-commit-msg hook. This hook is triggered before a commit message is finalized. Follow these steps:

1. Create the Hook File: Navigate to your project's `.git/hooks` directory and create a new file named `prepare-commit-msg`.
2. Make the File Executable: Ensure the file is executable by running `chmod +x .git/hooks/prepare-commit-msg` in your terminal.
3. Paste the Python Script: Inside `prepare-commit-msg`, paste the following Python script:

```python
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys
import re
from subprocess import check_output

commit_msg_filepath = sys.argv[1]
branch = check_output(
    ["git", "symbolic-ref", "--short", "HEAD"]
).strip().decode()


regex = "[A-Z]{2,7}-[0-9]{1,5}"
if branch.count("-") >= 2:
    if re.match(regex, branch):
        with open(commit_msg_filepath, "r+") as fh:
            commit_msg = fh.read()
            fh.seek(0, 0)
            fh.write("#%s %s" % (branch, commit_msg))
```
This script fetches the current branch name, checks if it follows the pattern of a JIRA issue ID, and prefixes the commit message accordingly.

# Step 2: Testing the Integration

With the hook in place, every commit made on a branch named after a JIRA issue (eg. `TEMP-9999`) will automatically have the issue ID prefixed to the commit message.

# Conclusion

By automating the prefixing of JIRA issue IDs to Git commit messages, teams can ensure consistency and improve traceability in their project history. This integration enhances collaboration and facilitates smoother project management workflows, so you can focus on writing code.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ab433pfz2kdqw3t3jv0k.gif)
Best way to check for null values in Java?
Published: 2024-02-23 08:42:33

Here are some examples of [checking for null values in Java](https://askyt.info/best-way-to-check-for-null-values-in-java/) along with detailed explanations:

1. Using simple `if` statement:

```java
String str = null;
if (str == null) {
    System.out.println("String is null");
} else {
    System.out.println("String is not null");
}
```

Explanation:
- `str` is initialized to `null`.
- The `if` statement checks if `str` is equal to `null`.
- If `str` is `null`, it prints "String is null"; otherwise, it prints "String is not null".

Output:
```
String is null
```

2. Using `Objects.isNull()` method:

```java
import java.util.Objects;

String str = null;
if (Objects.isNull(str)) {
    System.out.println("String is null");
} else {
    System.out.println("String is not null");
}
```

Explanation:
- `str` is initialized to `null`.
- `Objects.isNull()` method from the `java.util.Objects` class is used to check if `str` is null.
- If `str` is `null`, it prints "String is null"; otherwise, it prints "String is not null".

Output:
```
String is null
```

3. Using ternary operator:

```java
String str = null;
String result = (str == null) ? "String is null" : "String is not null";
System.out.println(result);
```

Explanation:
- `str` is initialized to `null`.
- The ternary operator `?:` is used to check if `str` is `null`.
- If `str` is `null`, it assigns "String is null" to the `result`; otherwise, it assigns "String is not null".

Output:
```
String is null
```

4. Using `Objects.requireNonNull()` method:

```java
import java.util.Objects;

String str = null;
try {
    Objects.requireNonNull(str);
    System.out.println("String is not null");
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
    System.out.println("String is null");
}
```

Explanation:
- `str` is initialized to `null`.
- `Objects.requireNonNull()` method from the `java.util.Objects` class is used to check if `str` is null.
- If `str` is `null`, it throws a `NullPointerException`, which is caught by the `catch` block, printing "String is null"; otherwise, it prints "String is not null".

Output:
```
String is null
```

5. Using `StringUtils.isEmpty()` method from Apache Commons Lang library:

```java
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

String str = null;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(str)) {
    System.out.println("String is null or empty");
} else {
    System.out.println("String is not null or empty");
}
```

Explanation:
- `str` is initialized to `null`.
- `StringUtils.isEmpty()` method from the `org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils` class is used to check if `str` is null or empty.
- If `str` is `null` or empty, it prints "String is null or empty"; otherwise, it prints "String is not null or empty".

Output:
```
String is null or empty
```

These are different ways to check for null values in Java, each providing different functionalities and suited for different scenarios.
No ChatGPT from NOW
Published: 2024-02-23 08:38:42

Newly added [You.com](https://you.com/) 
**PROS:**
1. ChatGPT-4
2. AI Image Generation
3. Quick Answer

**CONS:**
1. No good UI

```
<div class="nav_header">
          <img class="logo_img" src="../assets/images/light logo.png" alt="">
          <div class="nav_title">
            <h1>Asset and Fund Management System</h1>
            <h2>Government of Odisha</h2>
          </div>
        </div>
```

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/f0q5kmpwqloyfti4g5e5.png)

## Ask Anything
Embarking on an Exclusive Journey: Private Inca Trail Trek
Tags: travel, camping, hiking, mountain
Published: 2024-02-23 08:27:07

Embarking on a _**[Private Inca Trail](https://andeanpathtravel.com/tour/private-inca-trail-to-machu-picchu/)**_ Trek offers an exclusive and personalized experience for adventurers seeking to explore the legendary route to Machu Picchu in a more intimate setting. This bespoke journey allows travelers to immerse themselves fully in the awe-inspiring landscapes, ancient ruins, and cultural heritage of the Inca civilization, all while enjoying the comfort and flexibility of a private expedition.

From the moment you set foot on the trail, you'll be accompanied by experienced guides who are dedicated to ensuring your safety, comfort, and enjoyment throughout the trek. With their expert knowledge of the region's history, flora, and fauna, they'll provide insightful commentary and guidance, enriching your experience at every step of the journey.

The Private Inca Trail Trek follows the same iconic route as the traditional trek, beginning at the trailhead near the town of Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley. From here, you'll embark on a multi-day adventure that takes you through diverse ecosystems, from lush cloud forests to high-altitude mountain passes, each offering its own unique beauty and challenges.

Along the way, you'll have the opportunity to explore ancient Inca ruins that dot the landscape, including the spectacular archaeological sites of Llactapata, Runkurakay, Sayacmarca, and Phuyupatamarca. These well-preserved remnants of the Inca civilization provide fascinating insights into their advanced engineering, architecture, and way of life.

One of the highlights of the Private Inca Trail Trek is reaching the iconic Inti Punku, or Sun Gate, which offers a breathtaking panoramic view of Machu Picchu spread out below. This unforgettable moment marks the culmination of your journey, as you descend into the ancient citadel itself to explore its maze-like streets, towering temples, and enigmatic ruins.

Throughout the trek, you'll enjoy the comfort and convenience of private camping accommodations, allowing you to relax and recharge in the midst of the stunning Andean landscape. Gourmet meals prepared by skilled chefs using fresh, locally-sourced ingredients ensure that you'll be well-fed and energized for each day's adventures.

With its personalized approach and attention to detail, a Private Inca Trail Trek offers a truly unforgettable experience that allows you to connect more deeply with the natural beauty and cultural heritage of Peru. Whether you're seeking adventure, relaxation, or spiritual renewal, this exclusive journey promises to exceed your expectations and create memories that will last a lifetime.
Unix高级环境编程之文件和目录
Published: 2024-02-23 08:09:11

# 引言
从stat函数开始，诸葛说明stat结构中的每一个成员了解文件的所有属性。将说明修改这些属性的各个函数，更详细地说明UNIX文件系统的结构以及符号链接

# 函数stat、fstat、fstatat和lstat

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/p5c2k9e2nsxt0yrde6rs.png)

给出pathname，stat函数将返回与此文件有关的信息结构。fstat获得fd上打开文件的有关信息，lstat类似于stat，但是当命名的文件是符号链接时，lstat返回符号链接的有关信息而不是该符号链接引用的文件的信息。

fstatat允许通过文件描述符和相对路径名指定要获取信息的文件。
dirfd：一个打开的目录的文件描述符，相对路径名pathname的起始点。如果pathname是绝对路径，则dirfd被忽略。
pathname：要获取状态信息的文件的路径名。如果pathname是绝对路径，dirfd通常被设置为AT_FDCWD。
statbuf：指向stat结构的指针，该结构用于存储文件的状态信息。
flags：可以是零或者以下一个或多个标志的组合，影响函数的行为：
AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW：不要解引用符号链接，而是返回关于链接本身的信息。
AT_NO_AUTOMOUNT：阻止自动挂载触发。
AT_EMPTY_PATH：允许pathname是空字符串，这种情况下会返回dirfd所指向对象的状态。

返回值：
成功时，返回0，statbuf结构会被填充。
失败时，返回-1，并设置errno以指示错误原因，如EACCES、EBADF、EFAULT、ENOENT等。

stat结构：
```c++
struct stat {
    dev_t     st_dev;     // 文件的设备ID
    ino_t     st_ino;     // 节点
    mode_t    st_mode;    // 文件的类型和存储的权限
    nlink_t   st_nlink;   // 硬链接的数量
    uid_t     st_uid;     // 所有者的用户ID
    gid_t     st_gid;     // 所有者的组ID
    dev_t     st_rdev;    // 设备ID（如果是特殊文件）
    off_t     st_size;    // 总大小，以字节为单位
    blksize_t st_blksize; // 文件系统的I/O块大小
    blkcnt_t  st_blocks;  // 分配的512B块的数量

    // 访问和修改时间戳
    struct timespec st_atim;  // 最后访问时间
    struct timespec st_mtim;  // 最后修改时间
    struct timespec st_ctim;  // 最后状态改变时间

    // ...可能还有其他的字段...
};

time_t tv_sec;
long tv_nsec;//timespec至少包含的两个字段
```
使用stat函数最多的地方可能就是ls -l。获得文件所有信息。

# 4.3 文件类型

## 1.普通文件
包含了某种形式的数据。

## 2.目录文件
包含了其他文件的名字以及指向与这些文件有关信息的指针。对一个目录文件具有读权限的任意进程都可以读该目录的内容。进程必须要用本章介绍的函数才能更改目录。

## 3.块特殊文件
提供对设备带缓冲的访问，每次以固定长度为单位进行

## 4.字符特殊文件
提供对设备不带缓冲的访问，每次访问长度可变。系统中所有设备要么是字符特殊文件，要么是块特殊文件。

## 5.FIFO
用于进程间通信，有时被称为命名管道（named pipe）

## 6.套接字
用于进程间网络通信，也可以用于进程间非网络通信

## 7.符号链接
这种类型的文件指向另一个文件，17节会更多描述符号链接


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/5y5l5ffhan69yr32jbm7.png)