teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
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Propriedades ACID de uma transação em banco de dados.
Tags: database, beginners
Published: 2024-03-25 01:55:26

Talvez você já tenha escutado sobre propriedades ACID de transações em banco de dados em algum lugar mas não entenda completamente sobre o que se trata, então esse artigo veio para esclarecer suas dúvidas.

O que são: As transações ACID são um conjunto de propriedades de um **banco de dados relacionais** que garante que as operações sejam executadas de forma segura e confiável.

Bem vamos ao significado das letras:
A = Atomicidade
C = Consistência
I = Isolamento
D = Durabilidade


Antes de seguimos para a explicação de cada propriedade acho importante dar um passo trás e explicar o que são transações e operações.

##Operações
Ação específica realizada em um banco de dados, como **SELECT**, **INSERT**, **UPDADE**, **DELETE**


##Transações
São unidades lógicas de trabalho que são composta por uma ou mais operações.


##Atomicidade

Garante uma transação seja tratada como uma **unidade indivisível** todas as operações de uma transação sejam concluídas com sucesso, para que ela seja aplicada ao banco de dados.

Se durante a transação alguma operação falhar toda a transação será desfeita (rollback).
Se todas as operações derem certo então a transação é salva no banco de dados (commit).

###Caso: Transação Bancária

Digamos que temos a conta A e a conta B.
A conta A faz um depósito na conta B, ou seja uma operação de UPDATE na conta A e na conta B, se uma dessas operações falharem, ambas devem ser desconsideradas. 

## Consistência 
Garante que cada transação siga todas as **regras e restrições** definidas durante a criação do banco de dados sejam obedecidas. Como tipo de dado, relacionamentos por chave estrangeira entre outras devem ser seguidos para que a transação seja executada com sucesso

## Isolamento 
Garante que cada transação seja **executada isoladamente**, nenhuma transação pode interferir no funcionamento de outra.

## Durabilidade
Garante que uma vez que a alteração é salva, **ela permanece** no banco de dados e só pode ser alterada por outra transação.

Referências
https://www.oracle.com/database/what-is-database/

https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(banco_de_dados)
SQL Aggretate functions
Published: 2024-03-25 01:51:58

The purpose of using Aggregate functions in sql is to combinding data to perform and return a single value, there are multiple ways to you can manipulate large amounts of data to simplify to one single value.

- AVG() - Calculates the average or mean of values for a specific column, mostly used for integer based columns.
- COUNT() - Returns a number of records from a particular column. 
- MIN() - This function returns the smallest value of a selected column
- MAX() - This function returns the largest value of a selected column
- SUM() - This adds all values on a numeric column
- FIRST() - This will return the first value of a selected column.
- LAST() - grabs the last value/element of a particular column in your table
- LEN() - This calculates the length of a string of a particular column
- UCASE() - This takes string values of a column and uppercase the string
- LCASE() - This takes the string of a column and lowercases the value
- MID() - extracts the substring of string values in a collection
- CONCAT() - combines two or more strings
- RAND() - generates a random number from a given range
- ROUND() - this rounds a number from a given user defined number
- NOW() - This returns the current date and time
- FORMAT() - formats a value with a specific format
How to Get and Apply AWS Credits: A Step-by-Step Guide
Published: 2024-03-25 01:30:40

# 1. What are AWS Credits?

AWS credits are a monetary value that can be used to pay for AWS services. AWS offers credits to new and existing customers through various promotional programs.

# 2. How to Get AWS Credits

* AWS Promotions: AWS offers various promotional programs that provide AWS credits. You can check the current promotions on the AWS website.
* AWS Partners: You can also get AWS credits through AWS partners.
* AWS Training: You can earn AWS credits by completing AWS training courses.

# 3. How to Apply AWS Credits

* Log in to the AWS Management Console. (by ROOT account)
* Select **Billing and Cost Management** Service.
* Find the **Credits** section.
* Click **Redeem credit**.
* Enter your Credit Code.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/2wghu28fhczh82p8eyx2.png)


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* Each credit has its own expiration date.

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Explorando el Operador ?? en C#
Published: 2024-03-25 00:54:04

En el mundo de la programación, uno de los desafíos más comunes al que nos enfrentamos es la gestión  o manejo de los valores nulos. 
En C# como en otros lenguajes, nos encontramos con diversas formas para manejar este problema. Específicamente en C# tenemos una opción que nos permite gestionar los valores nulos de forma concisa, y este es el **_operador de fusión o coalición nula (??)_**.

En este breve artículo, vamos a entender cómo podemos simplificar y mejorar nuestro código cuando tratamos con valores nulos.

**¿Qué es el Operador “_??_”?**
El operador ?? en C# se utiliza para proporcionar un valor de respaldo en caso de que una expresión sea nula. A continuación te muestro su sintaxis, que es bastante simple:

``` CSharp
var resultado = expresion1 ?? expresion2;
```

Aquí, **expresion1** es la expresión cuyo valor se evalúa, y **expresion2** es el valor de respaldo que se utiliza si expresion1 es nula.

A continuación te muestro dos ejemplos prácticos en los que podemos utilizar este operador.

1. Asignar un valor por defecto si un valor es nulo:

``` CSharp
string nombre = ObtenerNombre() ?? "Nombre Predeterminado";
```

``` CSharp
int longitud = array?.Length ?? 0;
```

2. Evitar excepciones NullReferenceException.

Para eso podemos desencadenar una excepción si el resultado es nulo:
``` CSharp
string respuesta = ObtenerUsuario() ?? throw new Exception("El usuario no existe");
```

Al explorar estos ejemplos vemos el poder que tiene este operador al permitirnos manejar los valores nulos que a menudo pueden ser un dolor de cabeza en nuestras aplicaciones. 

Espero que estos ejemplos hayan sido de gran ayuda para comprender cómo funciona el operador de fusión nula ( ??) en C#. ¡Nos vemos en el próximo artículo o en [twitter](https://twitter.com/veronicaguamann) :).
/etc/resolv.conf --> gets changed after the restart
Published: 2024-03-24 19:21:46

- After surfing the internet , found --> its due to one parameter.
- its nothing but **_<u>PEERDNS</u>_**. 

# Definition

The ifcfg parameter PEERDNS determines if the file /etc/resolv. conf is modified or not. If it is set to "yes", then the parameters DOMAIN, DNS1 and DNS2 will be used to set the search and nameserver entries in the file. If PEERDNS is set to "no", the file is not modified.

- Lets add and check,
```
$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
DEVICE=eth1
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
PEERDNS=no
```
- By default (so without further configuration/modification) overwrite /etc/resolv.confas soon as any network interfaces use DHCP. Depending on the exact version if initscripts/NetworkManager, "RESOLV_MODS=no" or "**_PEERDNS=no_**" in the relevant /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* files can prevent this.

- Implementation Pending.

## Reference

https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=kc0110350en_us&docLocale=en_US

https://serverfault.com/questions/934641/my-etc-resolv-conf-is-getting-reset-every-time-i-restart-the-network


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Understanding Event Loop in Node.js
Tags: node, javascript, webdev, programming
Published: 2024-03-25 00:30:46

## Introduction

Node.js is an open-source, server-side, JavaScript runtime environment that allows developers to write server-side applications using JavaScript. One of the most important concepts to understand in Node.js is the Event Loop, which enables Node.js to handle asynchronous tasks efficiently and consistently.

## Advantages of the Event Loop in Node.js

1. **Non-blocking I/O operations:** One of the main advantages of the Event Loop in Node.js is its ability to perform non-blocking I/O operations. This means that instead of waiting for a task to be completed before moving onto the next one, Node.js can execute multiple tasks simultaneously, providing faster response times.

2. **Scalability:** The Event Loop allows for better scalability, as it can handle a large number of concurrent connections without slowing down performance.

## Disadvantages of the Event Loop

1. **Single-threaded nature:** One of the potential drawbacks of the Event Loop is its single-threaded nature. This means that if a task takes a long time to complete, it can block the entire event loop, causing delays in the execution of other tasks.

2. **Debugging challenges:** Additionally, debugging asynchronous code can be challenging due to the nature of the Event Loop, as tasks may not be executed in a predictable order.

## Features of the Event Loop

The Event Loop in Node.js consists of different phases – the timers phase, I/O callbacks phase, idle/prepare phase, poll phase, check phase, close callbacks phase, and the `setImmediate()` callback. These phases allow for efficient handling and execution of different types of tasks.

### Phases of the Event Loop:

- **Timers Phase:** Executes callbacks scheduled by `setTimeout()` and `setInterval()`.
- **I/O Callbacks Phase:** Processes callbacks for some system operations such as TCP errors.
- **Idle/Prepare Phase:** Prepares for upcoming I/O operations.
- **Poll Phase:** Retrieves new I/O events; execute I/O related callbacks.
- **Check Phase:** `setImmediate()` callbacks are invoked here.
- **Close Callbacks Phase:** Handles callbacks for some close events.

## Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the Event Loop in Node.js is crucial for developing robust and efficient server-side applications. It is essential to utilize its advantages while also being aware of potential disadvantages to ensure optimal performance. Learning to work with the Event Loop in Node.js can improve the overall development experience and allow for the creation of high-performing applications.
Understanding Dates in Lua
Tags: lua, beginners, programming
Published: 2024-03-25 00:27:09

# Introduction

Dates are essential in programming, and Lua provides powerful tools for managing them. In this article, we will explore the date features of Lua, including formatting and time calculations.

# Index

- Formatting Dates with `os.date()`
- Calculating Time Differences with `os.difftime()`
- Measuring Time with `os.clock()`
- Conclusion

# Formatting Dates with `os.date()`

In Lua, the `os.date()` function is used to format dates. It accepts parameters and returns a formatted string representing the current date and time.

```lua
-- Get the current date and time
local currentDateTime = os.date()
print(currentDateTime)

-- Format the date as YYYY-MM-DD
local formattedDate = os.date("%Y-%m-%d")
print(formattedDate)
```

Output:
```
Thu Mar 24 23:17:33 2024
2024-03-24
```

Using `os.date()` function, we can obtain the current date and time and format it to our desired specifications. The `%Y-%m-%d` format is particularly useful for sorting or storing data in databases.

# Calculating Time Differences with `os.difftime()`

Sometimes, we may need to calculate the difference between two timestamps in seconds. In Lua, we can use the `os.difftime()` function for this purpose.

```lua
-- Define two timestamps
local startTime = os.time({year = 2024, month = 3, day = 24, hour = 8, min = 0})
local endTime = os.time({year = 2024, month = 3, day = 25, hour = 10, min = 30})

-- Calculate the time difference
local difference = os.difftime(endTime, startTime)
print("Time difference:", difference, "seconds")
```

Output:
```
Time difference: 88200 seconds
```

Using `os.difftime()`, we can determine the elapsed time between two moments in seconds. This can be handy for scheduling tasks or measuring the duration of events.

# Measuring Time with `os.clock()`

When it comes to measuring CPU time for performance analysis, Lua's `os.clock()` function is essential. It returns the amount of CPU time used by the program.

```lua
-- Start the clock
local startClock = os.clock()

-- Perform a time-consuming operation
for i = 1, 1000000 do
    math.sqrt(i)
end

-- Stop the clock
local endClock = os.clock()

-- Calculate the elapsed time
local elapsedTime = endClock - startClock
print("Elapsed CPU time:", elapsedTime, "seconds")
```

Output:
```
Elapsed CPU time: 0.016 seconds
```

By using `os.clock()` function, we can measure the CPU time consumed by specific operations, which can provide valuable insights into the efficiency of our code.

# Conclusion

After exploring Lua's temporal landscape, we have learned the necessary tools to manipulate dates and measure time.
Como instalar o Terraform no Linux Mint
Tags: terraform, linuxmint
Published: 2024-03-24 22:44:25

---
title: Como instalar o Terraform no Linux Mint
published: true
description: Explicando como instalar o Terraform CLI especificamente no Linux Mint para resolver o problema de "404  Not Found (...) victoria Release' does not have a Release file".
tags: terraform, linuxmint
cover_image: https://images.pexels.com/photos/52509/penguins-emperor-antarctic-life-52509.jpeg
---

Estou utilizando uma máquina virtual com o sistema operacional Linux Mint 21.2 Cinnamon e, ao tentar [instalar o CLI do Terraform como manda a documentação](https://developer.hashicorp.com/terraform/tutorials/aws-get-started/install-cli), vi um erro de *404  Not Found (...) does not have a Release file*:

```bash
$ sudo apt update
Err:11 https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com victoria Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 3.160.132.112 443]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com victoria Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
```

O Mint não encontra o repósitorio apontado do Terraform e falha a atualização desse pacote. Encontrei [essa issue do GitHub](https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform/issues/32826) onde vemos o mesmo problema e, olhando a resposta, vemos que a HashiCorp [só dá suporte a determinadas distro Linux](https://www.hashicorp.com/official-packaging-guide?product_intent=terraform) e o Mint não é uma delas:


![lista de sistemas operacionais suportados pelo terraform](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/j5o5up017utx402qa49s.png)

Tentando resolver esse problema cheguei num [artigo do Medium do Tri Juhari](https://hirazone.medium.com/install-terraform-and-docker-in-linux-mint-victoria-21-2-70b15e89abce). Basicamente, para resolver esse problema precisamos mudar o comando da documentação oficial:

```bash
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(lsb_release -cs) main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
```

Para esse comando aqui:

```bash
$ echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/hashicorp-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.releases.hashicorp.com $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$UBUNTU_CODENAME") main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/hashicorp.list
```

O que mudou foi o comando `$(lsb_release -cs)` para `$(. /etc/os-release && echo "$UBUNTU_CODENAME")`. O primeiro vai retornar a versão da distro que estamos usando:

```bash
$ lsb_release -cs  
victoria
```

O Terraform não tem suporte para o release *victoria*. Se eu rodar o segundo comando terei a versão equivalente ao Ubuntu:

```bash
$ . /etc/os-release && echo "$UBUNTU_CODENAME"
jammy
```

Usando essa versão equivalente do Ubuntu conseguimos instalar o Terraform com sucesso:


![instalando terraform com sucesso no linux mint](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/dtm9yk52voqe3bz4du6s.png)
How to Upload Data to Google Sheets using Pi Pico W (P2)
Tags: raspberrypi, python, micropython, googlecloud
Published: 2024-03-24 22:32:42

{% embed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZcVQn_oelc %}

In this tutorial, you'll learn how to send data from your Raspberry Pi Pico W to a Google Sheet using the Google Cloud API. Previously, I showed you how to do this with IFTTT, but it's now a paid service. Instead, we'll set it up for free using GCP, a Flask application, and code on your Pico W. I'll guide you through each step of the process.

Before reading the remainder, be sure to subscribe and support the channel if you have not!

Subscribe:

[Youtube](https://www.youtube.com/@mmshilleh)

Support:

[https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mmshilleh](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/mmshilleh)

Access All Code Related to This Video by Subscribing to the Level 1 Perk on My YouTube Channel

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Tags: webdev, javascript, programming, tutorial
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How to Setup a Centralized Logging Server on Debian and Ubuntu Linux with Systemd-Journal-Remote
Tags: debian, linux, systemd, logfiles
Published: 2024-03-24 21:40:06

[This blog post](https://www.blunix.com/blog/centralized-logging-server-on-linux-with-systemd-journal-remote.html) describes how to centralize logs on servers running systemd based Linux distributions using systemd-journal-remote
Glam My Markup: Camp Activities
Tags: frontendchallenge, devchallenge, css, javascript
Published: 2024-03-24 21:03:30

_This is a submission for DEV Challenge v24.03.20, Glam Up My Markup: Camp Activities_

## What I Built
 Glam Up My Markup--Camp Activity Form

<p class="codepen" data-height="300" data-default-tab="result" data-slug-hash="bGJRVNM" data-user="kyrajk" style="height: 300px; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; border: 2px solid; margin: 1em 0; padding: 1em;">
  <span>See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/kyrajk/pen/bGJRVNM">
  DEV.TO Camp Form</a> by KYRA KENDALL (<a href="https://codepen.io/kyrajk">@kyrajk</a>)
  on <a href="https://codepen.io">CodePen</a>.</span>
</p>
<script async src="https://cpwebassets.codepen.io/assets/embed/ei.js"></script>
## Journey
I am honestly proud of the whole thing!  I didn't think I could do it but I made it happen!





<!-- Thanks for participating! -->