Best practice use Ansible
Published: 2024-07-05 15:47:42

Best practices for using Ansible involve structuring your projects for scalability, maintainability, and security. Here are key recommendations:

### 1. Use a Consistent Directory Structure

Organize your Ansible projects using a consistent directory structure. A typical structure might look like this:

```
production                # inventory file for production servers
staging                   # inventory file for staging environment

group_vars/
   group1.yml             # variables for group1
   group2.yml             # variables for group2

host_vars/
   hostname1.yml          # variables for hostname1
   hostname2.yml          # variables for hostname2

library/                  # if any custom modules, place them here (optional)
module_utils/             # if any custom module_utils to support modules, place them here (optional)
filter_plugins/           # if any custom filter plugins, place them here (optional)

site.yml                  # master playbook
webservers.yml            # playbook for webserver tier
dbservers.yml             # playbook for dbserver tier

roles/
    common/               # this hierarchy represents a "role"
        tasks/            # main list of tasks to be executed by the role
        handlers/         # handlers, which may be used by this role or even anywhere outside this role
        templates/        # templates files for use within this role
        files/            # files for use within this role
        vars/             # variables associated with this role
        defaults/         # default lower priority variables for this role
        meta/             # role dependencies
        library/          # modules specific to this role
        module_utils/     # module_utils specific to this role
        lookup_plugins/   # lookup plugins specific to this role
```

### 2. Use Version Control

Store your Ansible playbooks and roles in a version control system (VCS) like Git. This allows you to track changes, collaborate with others, and deploy specific versions of your infrastructure.

### 3. Keep Secrets Secure

Use Ansible Vault to encrypt sensitive data, such as passwords or keys, within your playbooks or variable files. Alternatively, integrate with secret management tools like HashiCorp Vault.

### 4. Use Dynamic Inventory

Instead of hardcoding server IPs in your inventory files, use dynamic inventory scripts or plugins that can query your cloud providers or other sources for the current state of your infrastructure.

### 5. Leverage Roles for Reusability

Organize your playbooks into roles to encapsulate and modularize the automation of common tasks. Publish and share roles via Ansible Galaxy to promote reusability across projects.

### 6. Make Playbooks Idempotent

Ensure your playbooks can be run multiple times without causing errors or unintended side effects. This idempotency principle is crucial for reliability and predictability.

### 7. Use Conditional Execution

Utilize Ansible's conditionals to control the execution flow of tasks based on the environment or system state. This helps in creating more flexible and adaptable playbooks.

### 8. Document Your Code

Comment your playbooks and roles to explain why something is done a certain way. Use meaningful names for tasks, variables, files, and directories to enhance readability.
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