teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
N-tier Architecture In Enterprise Application
Published: 2024-01-07 11:45:50

## N-tier
An N-tier architecture divides an application into logical layers and physical tiers. These are the presentation tier, processing or logic tier, and data tier.

![N-tier architecture - Code Project source](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/eb7ksfn10fvxcv3mlf3x.png)

Layers are a way to separate responsibilities and manage dependencies. Each layer has a specific responsibility. A higher layer can use services in a lower layer, but not the other way around.

Tiers are physically separated, and they can also run on separate machines. A tier can call to another tier directly, or use asynchronous messaging (message queue). Although each layer might be hosted in its own tier, that's not required. Several layers might be hosted on the same tier.

## Benefits
- Physically separating the tiers improves scalability and resiliency.

- The separation of concerns into distinct layers promotes modularity, making it easier to understand, develop, and maintain each component independently.

- Component within each tier can be reused in different parts of the application or even in different parts of the application or even in different applications altogether.

- Less learning curves.

## Drawbacks
- Complexity: N-tier architecture can be complex, as it involves multiple layers and components

- Performance: Communication between different tiers, can introduce latency and overhead.

## Project structure
```markdown
🛠️MyApp.sln/
│
├── #️⃣MyApp.API/                   # Presentation Layer (API)
│   ├── 📂Controllers/              # API Controllers
│   │   └── TodoController.cs
│   ├── Startup.cs                # Application startup configuration
│   └── ...                        # Other API-related files
│
├── #️⃣MyApp.BusinessLogic/         # Business Logic Layer
│   ├── 📂Interfaces           # Interfaces for MyApp service
│   |     ├── ITodoService.cs           
│   ├── 📂Models                   # TODO (models | entities)
│   |     ├── Todo.cs                   
│   ├── TodoService.cs            # Implementation of MyApp service
│   └── ...                        # Other business logic files
│
├── #️⃣MyApp.DataAccess/            # Data Access Layer
│   ├── ApplicationDbContext.cs   # Entity Framework DbContext
│   ├── TodoRepository.cs         # Repository for MyApp data access
│   └── ...                        # Other data access files
```

I'll skeleton N-tier architecture for you in the future piece, guys.

Cheers!

## References
- https://stackify.com/n-tier-architecture/
- https://www.baeldung.com/cs/n-tier-architecture
- https://ca.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/n-tier-architecture
- Repositories: 
  - https://github.com/nuyonu/N-Tier-Architecture/tree/main
Unveiling Notification Services: A Primer
Tags: microservices, pushnotification, apns, tutorial
Published: 2024-01-07 11:44:19

A notification service is a system or platform that enables the delivery of timely and relevant information to users or applications. Notifications can take various forms, such as alerts, messages, or updates, and they are typically delivered through different channels, including mobile apps, emails, SMS, push notifications, or other communication mediums.

Key components and features of a notification service include:

#### Message Creation:

Users or applications can create messages that need to be sent as notifications. These messages may contain text, images, links, or other relevant content.

#### Targeting and Segmentation:

Notification services often allow users to define specific criteria for targeting their audience. This can include segmentation based on user preferences, behavior, location, or other factors to ensure that notifications are relevant to the recipients.

#### Delivery Channels:

Notifications can be delivered through various channels, such as push notifications for mobile apps, emails, SMS, in-app messages, or even through integrations with collaboration tools like Slack or Microsoft Teams.

### Scheduling:

Users may schedule notifications to be sent at a specific time or in response to a particular event. This ensures that messages are delivered when they are most likely to be effective.

#### Personalisation:

Personalising notifications based on user profiles and preferences helps enhance user engagement. Personalised content tends to be more relevant and valuable to the recipient.

#### Tracking and Analytics:

Notification services often provide analytics tools to track the performance of notifications. This includes metrics such as open rates, click-through rates, and conversion rates, allowing users to assess the impact and effectiveness of their notifications.

### Security and Privacy:

Ensuring the security and privacy of user data is crucial in notification services. Encryption and secure communication protocols are often implemented to protect sensitive information.

### Integration:

Integration capabilities with other systems and applications are essential for a notification service. This allows seamless communication and data exchange between the notification service and other tools or platforms.

Notification services are widely used in various industries, including mobile app development, marketing, customer support, and internal communication within organizations. They play a crucial role in keeping users informed, engaged, and connected with relevant information.


Architecture Diagram


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/w66j3cp1jbqiq1ojcg38.png)
No More Tech Headaches!Learn How Many Cores Your Linux system Has and Boost Performance
Published: 2024-01-07 11:43:04

Have you ever felt frustrated by the sluggish performance of your favorite game or app? Maybe switching between applications seems slower than it should be. Surprisingly, the issue might be with your CPU's cores.

Imagine your CPU as a team of construction workers. Each worker represents a CPU core, and the more cores you have, the more tasks your computer can handle simultaneously. 
Understanding the number of cores your system possesses could unlock hidden potential!


[Grab your keyboard, open this article, and unlock the secrets of your Linux's true power!](https://www.howtouselinux.com/post/linux-command-check-cpu-cores)
Subscription Essentials: A High-Level Overview
Tags: subscription, billing, paymentgateway, tutorial
Published: 2024-01-07 11:42:03

Designing a micro-services architecture for the Subscription and Billing Service of an Over-The-Top (OTT) platform involves breaking down the system into smaller, independent services that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. 



![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/xd06v1scocfpzsvwjo21.png)



Here's an outline of the key micro-services that can make up the Subscription and Billing Service:

### User Authentication and Authorisation Service: 

- Responsible for managing user authentication and authorisation.

- Generates and manages user access tokens for secure communication between micro-services.

### Subscription Management Service:

- Handles the creation, modification, and cancellation of user subscriptions.

- Manages subscription plans, billing cycles, and pricing tiers.

### Payment Service:

- Integrates with external payment gateways to process financial transactions securely.

- Manages payment methods, including credit/debit cards, digital wallets, and other payment options.

### Invoicing Service: 

- Generates and sends invoices to subscribers based on their billing cycles.
- Manages invoice history and provides relevant billing information to users.

### Dunning Management Service:

- Monitors and manages failed payment transactions.

- Implements automated processes for notifying users about failed payments and handling subscription suspension or cancellation.

### User Account Management Service:

- Manages user profiles, preferences, and account information.
Integrates with the subscription and billing services for a seamless user experience.

### Analytics and Reporting Service:

- Collects and analyses user data to provide insights into subscription patterns, user behaviour, and platform performance.

- Generates reports for business intelligence and decision-making.

### Notification Service:

Sends notifications to users about upcoming renewals, changes in subscription status, and other relevant information.
Integrates with communication channels such as email and push notifications.

### Integration with CRM and Customer Support Service:

- Integrates with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems to manage customer interactions effectively.
Provides APIs for customer support tools and processes.

### Security Service:

- Implements security measures such as encryption for sensitive information and secure communication.

-  Manages user access controls and permissions.

### Localisation and Internationalisation Service:

- Supports multiple languages and currencies to cater to a diverse user base.
- Manages localised content, including invoices and notifications.

### Subscription Analytics Service:

- Analyses subscription data to provide insights into user demographics, subscription trends, and customer retention.

- Supports data-driven decision-making for optimizing subscription plans and pricing strategies.
StreamEase: Navigating OTT Content Management
Tags: ott, cms, content, systemdesign
Published: 2024-01-07 11:40:56

Content Management Systems (CMS) play a crucial role in the operation of Over-the-Top (OTT) systems. 


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/bmjia8lfqbxu3j4xnqzb.png)



Here are some ways in which CMS is relevant in the context of OTT:



### Metadata Management:

CMS helps in organising and managing metadata associated with the content. This includes information such as titles, descriptions, genres, and tags. This metadata is crucial for effective content discovery and recommendation in OTT platforms.

### Content Storage:

CMS facilitates the storage and retrieval of multimedia content. It ensures that the content is properly categorised and easily accessible for streaming.

### Workflow Management:

CMS assists in the smooth ingestion of new content into the OTT platform. It manages the workflow from content creation to publishing, ensuring a streamlined process.

### Version Control:

CMS helps in maintaining different versions of content, enabling easy updates or replacements without disrupting the overall system.

### User Experience and Personalisation:

Content Recommendation: CMS, in conjunction with algorithms, helps in providing personalised content recommendations to users based on their viewing history, preferences, and behaviour.

### Dynamic Content Updates:

CMS allows for real-time updates, ensuring that new content or changes in the content library are reflected promptly in the OTT platform.

### Monetisation and Rights Management:

Advertising Integration: CMS supports the integration of advertising content into the OTT platform, facilitating monetisation through ad-based revenue models.

### Rights and Access Management:

CMS helps in managing rights and access control for content, ensuring that only authorised users can view specific content based on licensing agreements.

### Analytics and Reporting:

Viewership Analytics: CMS provides tools for tracking viewership metrics, analyzing user behavior, and generating reports. This data is valuable for content optimisation, marketing strategies, and decision-making.

In summary, a robust CMS is integral to the effective management, distribution, and optimization of content in OTT systems, contributing significantly to the success of the platform.
User Management Unveiled: An Architectural Overview
Tags: auth, usermanagement, security, tutorial
Published: 2024-01-07 11:39:49

User Management Service typically involves handling various aspects of user-related functionalities in a system. Breaking down this service into components or sub-micro-services depends on the specific requirements and complexity of the application. Below are some common components or sub-micro-services that might be considered.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/6d5y3e8i6zbnkhyj690b.png)



#### User Authentication Service:

- Responsible for handling user login, logout, and 
authentication processes. 

- Manages user credentials, tokens, and session management.

#### User Profile Service:

Handles user profile creation, updating, and retrieval.
Manages user information such as name, email, profile picture, etc.

#### Role and Permission Service:

- Manages roles and permissions assigned to users.
- Controls access to different resources based on user roles.

#### User Registration Service:

- Manages the user registration process.
- May include email verification, CAPTCHA verification, etc.

#### Password Management Service:
- Handles password reset, change, and recovery functionalities.

#### User Preferences Service:

- Manages user-specific preferences and settings.
- Allows users to customise their experience.

#### Notification Service:

- Sends notifications to users, such as email verification, password reset, or account activity alerts.

#### User Search Service:

- Enables searching and querying for user profiles based on different criteria.

#### User Activity Logging Service:

- Logs user activities and events for auditing purposes.

#### User Analytics Service:

- Provides analytics and insights related to user behavior and interactions.

#### User Communication Service:

- Handles communication between users, such as messaging or chat functionalities.

#### Social Authentication Service:

- Integrates with third-party authentication providers (e.g., social media logins).

#### User Deactivation/Archiving Service:
- Manages the deactivation or archiving of user accounts.
User Notification Preferences Service:
- Allows users to set preferences for the types of notifications they want to receive.

#### User Data Privacy Service:
- Ensures compliance with data privacy regulations and manages user data consent.

#### User Feedback Service:
- Collects and manages user feedback and reviews.

These components can be implemented as individual micro-services, communicating with each other through APIs. The specific design and division of these services will depend on factors like scalability, maintainability, and the specific requirements of your application. Micro-services architecture allows for flexibility and scalability but also introduces challenges like managing inter-service communication and ensuring data consistency.
P2P 기반 서비스 만들기 전 타 서비스 리서치
Published: 2024-01-07 11:17:55

## 목적
다수의 사용자가 무료로 이용할 수 있는 SaaS를 개발하고자 하며, 이를 위해 SaaS에서 발생하는 주요 비용인 서버 및 저장소 비용을 최소화하고 중앙 저장소를 제거하고 P2P 기술을 적용하려는 목표를 가지고 있습니다. 현재까지는 P2P 기술에 대한 구체적인 이해가 부족하므로, 이를 보충하고자 타 서비스들의 코드를 분석해보려 합니다.

### SaaS에서의 비용 구성
보통 서버와 저장소가 큰 비용 부담을 일으킵니다. 사용자 증가에 따라 서버와 저장소 비용이 증가하는 경향이 있어 이를 최소화하고자 합니다.

### 중앙 저장소의 역할
중앙 저장소는 다수의 기기 간에 데이터를 공유하기 위한 필수 요소입니다. P2P를 활용함으로써 중앙 저장소를 우회함으로써 효과적으로 비용을 절감하고자 합니다.

## 분석을 위한 요구사항
- 제가 이해할 수 있는 언어(Java, TypeScript, JavaScript, Rust)를 기반으로 개발되었는가
- 지속적인 유지보수가 이루어지고 있는가
- 다양한 플랫폼에서 동작 가능한가

## P2P 기반 오픈 소스 리스트
1. **AnyType**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/758aj9k3pn5zbgemdie5.png)
   - [Github 링크](https://github.com/anyproto/anytype-ts)
   - 사용 언어: <u>TypeScript</u>
   - 지원 플랫폼: 데스크탑
   - 최근 업데이트: <u>1분 전</u>

2. **Logseq**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/firlodt2n2j0wxdgxua6.png)
   - [Github 링크](https://github.com/logseq/logseq)
   - 사용 언어: Clojure
   - 지원 플랫폼: <u>Android, Windows, Linux, iOS, Mac</u>
   - 최근 업데이트: <u>어제</u>

3. **EasyNotes**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/b2ohrmm5vxmg27mbi4z9.png)
   - [Github 링크](https://github.com/r57zone/EasyNotes)
   - 사용 언어: Pascal
   - 지원 플랫폼: 윈도우, iOS, Android
   - 최근 업데이트: 4달 전

4. **Athens**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/jezpffku6iiyabitsfg9.png)
   - [Github 링크](https://github.com/athensresearch/athens)
   - 사용 언어: Clojure
   - 지원 플랫폼: 윈도우, Mac, Linux
   - 최근 업데이트: ~~2년 전~~

5. **Laverna**
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kvyedzky2hbnevoi29hy.png)
   - [Github 링크](https://github.com/Laverna/laverna)
   - 사용 언어: <u>JavaScript</u>
   - 지원 플랫폼: 웹
   - 최근 업데이트: ~~7년 전~~

## 결론
Logseq가 플랫폼 다양성과 높은 사용자 활용도를 자랑하지만, AnyType은 TypeScript로 구성돼 있어 제가 분석하기에 가장 적합한 것으로 판단됩니다. AnyType에 대한 분석 결과가 만족스럽지 않을 경우, Logseq를 참고할 계획입니다. 다음에 AnyType 혹은 Logseq P2P 분석글에서 뵙겠습니다 :)
**혹시 더 좋은 서비스가 있다면 댓글에 남겨주세요!**
Copilot in the Cockpit? Why Edge Isn’t Ready for Takeoff as an AI Browser
Published: 2024-01-07 11:02:22

Microsoft recently crowned Edge the “AI browser,” touting its Copilot integration as a revolutionary step forward. But before we break out the celebratory champagne, let’s hold onto our browser tabs for a second. Does a chatbot companion truly transform Edge into an AI powerhouse, or is Microsoft marketing a glorified upgrade?

Copilot: A Useful Sidekick, Not a Co-pilot

Don’t get me wrong, Copilot is a nifty tool. Powered by OpenAI’s technology, it offers basic functionalities like summarizing webpages, generating creative text formats, and answering simple questions. However, calling it the heart of an “AI browser” feels like mistaking a sidekick for a co-pilot.

Where’s the Deep Integration?

True AI integration goes beyond slapping on a chatbot. We need seamless, contextual assistance woven into the browsing fabric. Imagine hovering over a complex graph and having Copilot automatically analyze it, or highlighting text and triggering relevant actions like booking flights or creating calendar events. Such deep integration, sadly, is missing in Edge.

Surface-Level Smarts Don’t Cut It

Copilot currently operates in a separate sidebar, disconnected from the core browsing experience. It’s a helpful resource, but not an inherent part of the journey. An AI browser should anticipate your needs, surfacing relevant information and taking proactive actions based on your browsing context. Right now, Copilot feels more like a helpful tourist guide you occasionally consult, not a co-pilot navigating the web alongside you.

Limited Scope, Limited Impact

Copilot’s capabilities are currently restricted to basic tasks. It can’t access your emails, calendar, or other essential tools, hindering its ability to truly personalize your browsing experience. An AI browser needs to understand your workflow and preferences, not just offer generic assistance.

The Road Ahead: Beyond the Chatbot

Microsoft deserves credit for pushing the boundaries of browser functionality. But calling Edge an “AI browser” feels premature. To earn that title, it needs deeper Copilot integration, contextual awareness, and broader access to user data and tools. Until then, Edge remains a capable browser with a helpful AI sidekick, not a game-changing AI co-pilot.

So, what’s next? We urge Microsoft to focus on seamlessly weaving AI into the browsing experience, making Copilot a true co-pilot that anticipates our needs and enhances our web journey. Let’s move beyond surface-level features and strive for an AI browser that truly redefines how we navigate the online world.

The future of browsing is bright, but let’s ensure AI isn’t just a marketing buzzword. Let’s make it the co-pilot we deserve.
Exploring Python List Comprehensions
Tags: python, programming, beginners, computerscience
Published: 2024-01-07 10:58:46

## Introduction

Python list comprehensions are among the most powerful tools available in Python for working with data. They provide a simple, expressive way to create a list from another list or sequence of values. List comprehensions are commonly used to iterate over a set of values, filter items from a set, or create a set of derived values.

## Advantages

Python list comprehensions are *easy to read and understand*, making them a great way for beginners to learn data structures. They are also *simple to write* with minimal code, thus optimizing code for speed and memory.

## Disadvantages

Python list comprehensions are not as fast as other types of iterations, so they can reduce the performance of larger datasets and functions. They also tend to be overcomplicated, making them difficult to debug and troubleshoot.

## Features

Python list comprehensions are a fairly versatile and multi-purpose tool. They can work with any type of sequence, including lists, tuples, and dictionaries. Furthermore, they can map, filter, and reduce sequences into new sequences. This makes them especially useful for data analysis and machine learning projects.

### Example 1: Creating a List of Squares

Let's say we want to create a list of squares for numbers from 1 to 10. Using list comprehension, we can achieve this in a single line of code:

```python
squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 11)]
print(squares)
```

This code iterates over a range of numbers from 1 to 10, calculates the square of each number, and collects the results in a new list.

### Example 2: Filtering Even Numbers

Now, if we want to filter out only the even numbers from a list, list comprehension makes it straightforward:

```python
numbers = range(1, 11)
even_numbers = [x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]
print(even_numbers)
```

This code iterates over a list of numbers and uses a conditional expression to select only the even numbers.

## Conclusion

Python list comprehensions are powerful tools for working with data. They are easy to write and read, making them useful for beginners. Despite their performance limitations, they offer a great deal of versatility, making them suitable for data analysis and machine learning tasks.
OR, AND (Short circuiting) in JS
Published: 2024-01-07 10:41:44

**_<u>OR</u>_**

```
console.log('---- OR ----');
// Use ANY data type, return ANY data type, short-circuiting
console.log(3 || 'Jonas');
console.log('' || 'Jonas');
console.log(true || 0);
console.log(undefined || null);

console.log(undefined || 0 || '' || 'Hello' || 23 || null);
```

Output ->
3
Jonas
true
null
Hello

**OR** tries to find the earliest truthy value and if none available it returns -> **NULL**.

**NULL, 0, undefined, ''** -> all are considered as falsy values


For the restaurant object defined before ->
```
restaurant.numGuests = 0;
const guests1 = restaurant.numGuests ? restaurant.numGuests : 10;
console.log(guests1);
const guests2 = restaurant.numGuests || 10;
console.log(guests2);
```
Output ->
10
10

Because even 0 is considered as a falsy value

**_<u>AND</u>_**

Tries to check if there is even 1 falsy value then it returns false else true.

```
console.log(0 && 'Jonas');
console.log(7 && 'Jonas');

console.log('Hello' && 23 && null && 'jonas');
```
Output ->
null
Jonas
null


For eg ->
```
if (restaurant.orderPizza) {
  restaurant.orderPizza('mushrooms', 'spinach');
}

//can be re-written as

restaurant.orderPizza && restaurant.orderPizza('mushrooms', 'spinach');
```
In the below statement the **restaurant.orderPizzatries &&** to check if restaurant.orderPizza exists or not and then calls it replacing the need for an if statement.

**_<u>Nullish Coalescing operator</u>_**


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/4n77o9z4ftpigww6bzll.png)

So the operator **??** just returns truthy values for (0 and '') and falsy values for (null and undefined).

```
const rest1 = {
  name: 'Capri',
  // numGuests: 20,
  numGuests: 0,
};

const rest2 = {
  name: 'La Piazza',
  owner: 'Giovanni Rossi',
};

rest1.numGuests ??= 10;
rest2.numGuests ??= 10;

rest1.owner &&= '<ANONYMOUS>';
rest2.owner &&= '<ANONYMOUS>';

console.log(rest1);
console.log(rest2);
```
Output ->

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/yqgc2m6kznjtrxec6gu7.png)

It checks whether the **owner** property of rest1 and rest2 are defined . Sine it is false for rest1 so it doesn't go further but for rest2 it is defined and dos it goes forward to the **owner** property to be assigned as **<ANONMOUS>**