AUTOSAR compliant multi-core RTOS
Published: 2024-02-04 17:13:05

Dear readers,
My name is Sadashiv Balawad and I am working as Junior Software Engineer at Luxoft India. Luxoft gave me many opportunities to work on various projects, which inspired me to talk about the importance of multicore Real Time Operating Systems

**INTRODUCTION**
Embedded structures are actually found in numerous contexts and applications in our normal lives. These structures have advanced and need to apply more and more complicated hardware and software architectures to attain the required stage of overall performance. In addition, the call for excessive-overall performance computing amongst applications has brought about a rise in using multi-middle chips. Embedded structures are required to implement all the preferred functionalities and validate each the purposeful and temporal accuracy. Considering the time, the embedded system is designed as a real-time gadget for safety-important motives. A actual-time device interacts with a complex external surroundings and have to meet cut-off dates, guarantee timing constraints, and remember the correctness of the computation. The design of this type of system have to hence be predictable, i.e., its behavior to be predicted regarding the time requirements. The real-time system
has three classifications:

• **Hard real-time System**: Failure to meet the deadline and time 
    constraints in this gadget has disastrous results;

• **Soft real-time system**: This system can now and again pass 
    over its cut-off date without severe effects;

• **Firm real-time system**: The machine lets in every so often 
  missed closing dates with a specification of which closing dates 
  can be lost. If the machine misses more deadline than defined 
  inside the specification, the system fails and can reason 
  serious outcomes

As software-based functions increase, Real-Time Operating Systems, also known as RTOS, end up extraordinarily critical. This gadget serves as an interface between software program and hardware and presents all vital functionalities. The RTOS is hence liable for coping with hardware assets and scheduling software processes.
In order to growth confidence and save you unexpected behavior, system verification is essential. It is crucial to carry out time verification and validation to demonstrate that the machine will constantly be capable of react in keeping with its time constraints and that the task scheduling sequences will usually be appropriate.
The real-time system (RTS) structure, as represented in Figure 1, consists of a software thing, i.e. Programs that have interaction with a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), and a hardware component that allows its execution


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/20l5ax7tu2ade3f6jono.png)
               fig 1-Real-Time Systems

**Software components**
In the RTS software utility, obligations talk with every
different by exchanging messages or through synchronization mechanisms. The actual-time operating gadget manages the hardware resources and provides a scheduler. The scheduler is in rate of the order wherein tasks are done to make sure the closing dates are reputable. The RTOS evolution is formalized with requirements; In the avionics and automobile industries, ARINC 653 [1],OSEK/VDX, and AUTOSAR [2, 3] requirements advise implementation regulations for software and hardware independence and necessities that
an operating system need to ensure. Thus, requirements provide specs for growing an RTOS with various functions, inclusive of scheduling coverage, memory, and timing safety.

**Hardware component** 
The RTS hardware incorporates processors, memories, input/output devices, and extra components. The hardware structure is often classified according to the wide variety of processors and cores
Serious incidents can occur if errors are gift within the real-time software program gadget. Therefore, growing a pc gadget that is freed from errors is imperative. Testing is a fashionable approach for identifying software application errors. Because it isn't exhaustive, it does now not assure the removal of all errors. Furthermore, it is insufficient for actual-time vital structures where a failure could have disastrous consequences. Formal verification is a solution to growth the implementation reliability of the gadget. It is a preferred for the car enterprise.
Verifying that the gadget’s specification residences are happy is needed to establish that the device is accurate. Safety and liveness are the two maximum tremendous styles of those homes. While the safety property suggests that an unexpected occasion will no longer occur, the liveness belongings usually implies that a program’s finite parts will entire their execution if their input is correct. In addition, it is vital to make certain that the running system behaves as expected. In reality, the whole gadget’s reliability relies upon on the running device that handles its complexity. Therefore, RTOS must adhere to the
OS specification to ensure security and practical safety. That emphasizes the need to use a formal method to provide machine verification.
Compliance verification of an OSEK/VDX and AUTOSAR working machine is usually completed with a test suite including multiple programs. The conformance check suite is thus performed at the RTOS to attain the usual certification. Contrary to software program checking out techniques that examine software program behavior to reveal defects, formal techniques examine the behavior of the software program to prove the presence or absence of defects. Formal verification procedures have tested to be incredibly effective. They allow mathematically proving a device’s specification.
I will try to explain more in the next part.
Thank you