Recent Advancements and Developments for Electric Vehicle Technology
Published: 2024-01-05 11:44:55

Hi, I'm Mohanababu DG working as a junior software engineer at luxoft India LLP. In this article I made my best effort to provide some of the aspects in Recent Advancements and Developments for Electric Vehicle Technology and this is one of my interests


**Introduction**

The automotive industry occupies an important place in 
most countries given its place in the lifecycle of communities. 
In the most cases, vehicles are harmful to the environment since they consume large amounts of fossil fuels and the 
sector still has a long way ahead of itself to mature; also, at bare minimum, reduce GHG. Nowadays worries regarding climate change and its energy supply safety, are undoubtedly, 
paving the way in transportation to utilize renewable energy systems (RESs) as opposed to conventional forms of energy. 
Additionally, newer EV innovations are prepared and 
developed to execute environmental permanence [2]. For 
sustainable and clean mobility, EVs are the right useful option and are becoming increasingly assimilated in many cities, all around the world.

Policy support 
 At this level of EV market assignment, policy support is 
still invaluable for reducing hurdles for international adoption. Making EVs much more attractive for consumers/users, a supportive policy environment is launched to contribute to 
market rises, minimizing risks for investors, and motivating manufacturing. In this case, manufacturers is trying to increase and develop EV business on a larger scale and facilitate in their set-up. Remarkably, these factors enable a wide array of models to users, which is key to supporting sales augmentation and development. Policy support mechanisms 
can be bundled into four principal categories: financial 
initiations, targets support for research mandates and 
regulations. Other instruments for authorizing raise in the 
value proposition of EVs are also included. Public supply is equally well-suited to assisting EV uptake. 

Technological advancement 

**1) Batteries progress 
** 
 Over many years, EVs technology have prolonged their 
development-sustained growth and advancements in battery 
life, efficiency, price, charge time and broad range. Costs of 
an EV depend on battery technology. Since 2010, the average 
charge of batteries has decreased from $1,000/kWh to 
approximately $227/kWh [28], research assistance and 
scientific investigation is an essential strategy to achieving cheaper costs and performance progressions. The Lithium-ion battery technology is used by the most electric automotive manufacturers due to the high recharge capacity of these batteries, while automotive companies are gradually solving many of the challenges facing EVs. the EV range of popular manufacturers. Charging time represents the main obstacle; typically, for 300 miles range, for a full charge the vehicle needs around 7 hours; in this case, EVs users will be dissatisfied. The recent research in this issue has already made a progress; for 90 miles of range, a minimum of 30 minutes charge is required with DC fast charger. Store Dot, an Israeli company, recently established a new battery generation call Flash Battery. These batteries will be fully charged in five minutes and their autonomy reached 300 miles range. This generation of batteries significantly different from traditional lithium-ion batteries; in accordance with the company, this technology based on “proprietary organic compounds” and avoids the use of graphite. The chemical compound that Stores Dot has brought. these vehicles represent a modification of the total energy demand distribution. Vehicle charging strategies is still in development. Vehicle to grid (V2G) and energy storage with hydrogen are innovative solutions, to charge the vehicle indirectly, and integrate RESs.

**2) Vehicle to grid technology **

 The topic of V2G is certainly not far away from the EVs, 
V2G technology presented as a system that offers an ability of 
controllable, duplex electrical energy between the EV and the 
electrical network. On average, a vast majority of vehicles 
remain parked a long period per day on the same reserved space; the V2G corresponds to the idea, of using the batteries of EVs during these long parking areas, to store the energy produced, at times when the demand is lower than the electricity produced and reinject it into the network, when the demand is higher than the quantities produced as shown in 
The developments and uses of this system could help 
regulate electricity flows and integrate RESs into the grid, by increasing the reserve capacity of the national grid operator and by eventually eliminating power plants, used during peak electricity consumption that produces highly carbonaceous electricity.

For the moment, the V2G remains only experimental. This 
technology could represent many advantages in the context of 
generalization of the EV. Charging a huge number of electric 
vehicles at the same time disturb and provide many technical 
issues for power system operators, with this technology the 
problem is solved. V2G provide network-balancing services through short loading and unloading cycles. EV batteries 
disseminate throughout the network offer a solution to balance its frequency. The V2G operation is predicted to be a solution to decrease the grid electricity costs during peak charge demand. Authors in show V2G as a capacity development 
as an eventual method for the distribution system. In the face 
of these claims, practically, V2G might not be enough due to 
excessive battery degradation. In addition, connecting a smart 
communication system between the electric grid and EV 
incurs extra cost. Nevertheless, a comprehensive economic 
argument in a good turn of smart chargers, V2G process has 
yet arisen; this subject is worthy of future study. 

**Conclusion**


We targeted a wide part of subjects linked to EVs, such as the categories of these type of vehicles and their basic characteristics, fuel energy economization, Co2 emissions, and recent advancements. 
In fact, there are three principal categories of EVs: HEVs, 
PHEVs and BEVs, which were presented in detail. The difference between these categories of vehicles is that the 
last two categories mentioned are recharged externally. 
Otherwise, BEV functions only on battery charge and therefore always uses the charge-depleting mode of operation, demanding huge-power and high-energy battery packs. Furthermore, PHEVs provide the option of on-board battery charging and the possibility of charge depleting or charge sustaining modes of operation. Eventually, HEVs, which were the first category of EVs to be manufactured, offer higher driving distance compared to PHEVs and BEVs, because of the existence of the conventional internal combustion engine. Well-to-wheel efficiency is a more suitable measure to use for comparing CO2 emissions and fuel economization in order to account for the impact of electricity consumption. The EV industry is still in development in many countries. This field needs to be encouraged and supported to be properly implemented in most countries. In this context, there are many challenges and advancements faced the EV’s technology. Vehicle charging strategy is one of the most important topics that EV technology provides. To have zero emissions batteries should be charged from RESs for sustainable and clean outcomes.