Python Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers
Tags: python, programming, coding, pythoninterviewquestions
Published: 2024-06-17 07:35:45

For freshers looking to kickstart their careers in Python development, mastering common interview questions is essential. Here’s a curated list of [top Python interview questions and answers](https://www.onlineinterviewquestions.com/python-interview-questions) to help you prepare effectively:

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**Q1. What is Python?**
Ans: Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It supports multiple programming paradigms and is widely used for web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and more.

**Q2. What are the key features of Python?**
Ans: Python’s key features include dynamic typing, automatic memory management, extensive standard libraries, support for object-oriented and functional programming paradigms, and readability due to its clean syntax.

**Q3. Explain the difference between list and tuple in Python.**
Ans: Lists are mutable (modifiable) sequences of elements, defined using square brackets [ ], while tuples are immutable (unchangeable) sequences defined using parentheses ( ). Tuples are typically used for fixed data and faster access, whereas lists allow modification.

**Q4. What is PEP 8?**
Ans: PEP 8 is the Python Enhancement Proposal that provides guidelines for writing clean, readable Python code. It covers coding conventions, indentation, naming conventions, and more to enhance code consistency and readability.

**Q5. How does Python handle memory management?**
Ans: Python uses an automatic memory management system with a private heap for storing objects. The Python memory manager handles allocation and deallocation of memory, while a built-in garbage collector recycles unused memory.

**Q6. What is the difference between __str__ and __repr__ methods in Python?**
Ans: Both __str__ and __repr__ methods are used to represent objects as strings. __str__ is called when str() function is used or when print statement is executed, focusing on readability. __repr__ is used for representation in the interpreter and debugging, focusing on unambiguous object representation.

**Q7. Explain the usage of decorators in Python.**
Ans: Decorators are functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods. They are commonly used to add functionality to existing functions without modifying their structure. Decorators are prefixed with @ and placed above the function definition.

**Q8. What are lambda functions in Python?**
Ans: Lambda functions, or anonymous functions, are small functions defined with the lambda keyword and can have any number of arguments but only one expression. They are used for short, throwaway functions where creating a formal function is unnecessary.

**Q9. How do you handle exceptions in Python?**
Ans: Exceptions in Python are handled using try, except, and optional finally blocks. Code that might raise an exception is placed in the try block, and specific exceptions are caught and handled in except blocks. The finally block is executed regardless of whether an exception occurred or not.

**Q10. What is the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python?**
Ans: The Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in Python ensures that only one thread executes Python bytecode at a time. It impacts the execution of multi-threaded Python programs by limiting true parallelism, although concurrent I/O-bound tasks can still benefit from threading.

**Q11. How can you share global variables across modules in Python?**
Ans: Global variables can be shared across modules by importing them into each module where they are needed. Alternatively, a Python module can be used to store global variables and imported wherever necessary to access the shared state.