LeetCode Day22 BackTracking Part 4
Tags: leetcode, java, algorithms, datastructures
Published: 2024-07-01 10:30:34

# 491. Non-decreasing Subsequences

Given an integer array nums, return all the different possible non-decreasing subsequences of the given array with at least two elements. You may return the answer in any order.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [4,6,7,7]
Output: [[4,6],[4,6,7],[4,6,7,7],[4,7],[4,7,7],[6,7],[6,7,7],[7,7]]
Example 2:

Input: nums = [4,4,3,2,1]
Output: [[4,4]]
 

Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 15
-100 <= nums[i] <= 100
[Original Page](https://leetcode.com/problems/non-decreasing-subsequences/description/)


```
    public List<List<Integer>> findSubsequences(int[] nums) {
        List<List<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Integer> seq = new LinkedList<>();
        Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
        backTracking(list, seq, nums, 0, set);

        return list;
        
    }
    public void backTracking(List<List<Integer>>list, List<Integer> seq, int[] nums, int start, Set<Integer> set){
        if(start == nums.length){
            return;
        }

        for(int i=start; i<nums.length; i++){
            // pruming the same elements
            if(i!=start && set.contains(nums[i])){
                continue;
            }

            if(seq.size() >= 1 && (nums[i] < seq.get(seq.size()-1))){
                continue;
            }
            // the first element
            set.add(nums[i]);

            seq.add(nums[i]);

            // evaluate non-decreasing
            if(seq.size() > 1 && nums[i]>= seq.get(seq.size()-2)){
                list.add(new ArrayList<>(seq));  
            }

            if(seq.size() == 1 || nums[i]>= seq.get(seq.size()-1)){
                backTracking(list,seq, nums, i+1, new HashSet<>());
            }
                // backTracking
            seq.remove(seq.size()-1);
        }
    }
```

# 46. Permutations

Given an array nums of distinct integers, return all the possible permutations. You can return the answer in any order.

Example 1:

Input: nums = [1,2,3]
Output: [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
Example 2:

Input: nums = [0,1]
Output: [[0,1],[1,0]]
Example 3:

Input: nums = [1]
Output: [[1]]
 

Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 6
-10 <= nums[i] <= 10
All the integers of nums are unique.

```
    public List<List<Integer>> permute(int[] nums) {
        List<List<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>();

        List<Integer> permutation = new LinkedList<>();

        Integer[] numsI = Arrays.stream(nums).boxed().toArray(Integer[]::new);

        List<Integer> numList = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(numsI));

        backTracking(list, permutation, numList);
        return list;
        
    }

    public void backTracking(List<List<Integer>> list, List<Integer> permutation, List<Integer> nums){
        if(nums.size()==0){
            list.add(new ArrayList<>(permutation));
            return;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<nums.size(); i++){
            permutation.add(nums.get(i));

            List<Integer> workNums = new ArrayList<>(nums);
            workNums.remove(Integer.valueOf(nums.get(i)));
            backTracking(list, permutation, workNums);

            permutation.remove(permutation.size()-1);

        }
    }
```

# 47. Permutations II
Given a collection of numbers, nums, that might contain duplicates, return all possible unique permutations in any order.

 

Example 1:

Input: nums = [1,1,2]
Output:
[[1,1,2],
 [1,2,1],
 [2,1,1]]
Example 2:

Input: nums = [1,2,3]
Output: [[1,2,3],[1,3,2],[2,1,3],[2,3,1],[3,1,2],[3,2,1]]
 

Constraints:

1 <= nums.length <= 8
-10 <= nums[i] <= 10
[Original Page](https://leetcode.com/problems/permutations-ii/description/)


```
    List<List<Integer>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    public List<List<Integer>> permuteUnique(int[] nums) {
        List<Integer> permutation = new LinkedList<>();
        int[] flags = new int[nums.length];

        backTracking(permutation, nums, flags);

        return list;        
    }

    public void  backTracking(List<Integer> permutation, int[] nums, int[] flags){
        if(permutation.size() == nums.length){
            list.add(new ArrayList<>(permutation));
            return;
        }

        Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();
        for(int i=0; i<nums.length; i++){
            // flag work for recursion, set work for loop 
            if(flags[i] != 0 || set.contains(nums[i])){
                continue;
            }

            int num = nums[i];
            permutation.add(num);
            set.add(num);
            flags[i] = 1;
            backTracking(permutation, nums, flags);
            //recover to flag;
            flags[i] = 0;
            permutation.remove(permutation.size()-1);

        }

    }
```