teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Don't Be a Victim: The Ultimate Guide to Defending Against Cybersecurity Threats
Tags: opensource, cybersecurity, security, github
Published: 2024-07-04 15:59:24

In today's hyper-connected world, cybersecurity is more crucial than ever. From personal data breaches to corporate espionage, the threats are real and ever-evolving. Imagine waking up one day to find your bank account emptied or your identity stolen—all because of a cyber attack that could have been prevented.

### <u>**Common Cybersecurity Threats**</u>

1. **Phishing Attacks:** These deceptive emails or messages lure you into revealing sensitive information. Always verify the source before clicking any links.
2. **Malware:** Viruses, worms, and ransomware can wreak havoc on your devices. Keep your antivirus software updated and avoid downloading from suspicious sources.
3. **Weak Passwords:** Easily guessable passwords are an open invitation to hackers. Use strong, unique passwords for each account and consider using a password manager.
4. **Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks:** Hackers intercept communications between two parties, potentially stealing sensitive data. Use encrypted connections (HTTPS) whenever possible.
5. **Insider Threats:** Sometimes the biggest threats come from within. Limit access to sensitive information and educate employees about cybersecurity best practices.

### <u>**How to Guard Against Them:**</u>

- **Use Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):** Add an extra layer of security to your accounts with 2FA. VerifyVault offers a free, open-source 2FA application for Windows and soon Linux, ensuring your accounts stay protected even if your password is compromised.
- **Keep Software Updated:** Patching vulnerabilities is crucial. Enable automatic updates on all devices and applications.
- **Backup Regularly:** In case of ransomware or hardware failure, regular backups can save your data. VerifyVault offers automatic backups, making it easier to secure your accounts.
- **Educate Yourself:** Stay informed about the latest threats and educate yourself and your team on cybersecurity practices.

Cybersecurity is a shared responsibility. By taking proactive steps to safeguard your data and privacy, you not only protect yourself but also contribute to a safer digital environment for everyone. Don't wait until it's too late—start implementing these strategies today and make cybersecurity a priority.

Ready to enhance your online security? Download [VerifyVault](https://github.com/VerifyVault), the free and open-source 2FA application for desktop. Protect your accounts with encrypted, offline access and automatic backups. Secure your digital life now!

[VerifyVault Beta v0.3 Download](https://github.com/VerifyVault/VerifyVault/releases/tag/Beta-v0.3)
Managing Users in PraisePHS Microsystems Ltd with a Bash Script
Tags: cloudcomputing, devops, bash, ubuntu
Published: 2024-07-04 15:49:45

In any corporate environment, managing users efficiently and securely is paramount. PraisePHS Microsystems Ltd. employs a systematic approach to user management using a Bash script. This article will explain how the provided Bash script functions, ensuring smooth and secure user creation and management.

**Overview**
The script takes a file containing user and group information as input, creates users, assigns them to specified groups, sets passwords, and logs the process. The users.txt file, for example, provides the necessary user and group details in a semicolon-separated format.

**Bash Script Breakdown**
Here's a step-by-step explanation of the script:

1. The script starts by defining the necessary files: the input file containing user information, the log file for logging actions, and the password file for storing generated passwords.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/kvizzlcx494iaxbidx7x.JPG)

2. This function generates a random password using OpenSSL's rand function, ensuring a strong and unique password for each user.
![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/gn4nj94eluzycwl0h4ew.JPG)


3. This section ensures the existence and correct permissions of the log and password files. If these files or directories do not exist, the script creates them and sets appropriate permissions to ensure security

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/z3tf92urazug22jk0wkx.JPG)

4. The script reads each line of the input file, removes any carriage returns, trims whitespace, and skips empty lines to ensure clean data processing.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/1ktx2m9zf3s610o3h6s6.JPG)


- User Existence Check: The script checks if a user already exists. If they do, it logs this information.
- User Creation: If the user does not exist, the script generates a password, creates the user with a home directory, sets the password, and logs these actions.
- Group Management: The script adds the user to specified groups. If a group does not exist, it creates the group before adding the user.
- Permissions and Ownership: Finally, the script sets the permissions and ownership
 for the user's home directory to ensure security.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/brzr1iye8s2la75xni4f.JPG)

Example Input File: users.txt
The users.txt file contains user information in the format username; group1,group2

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/r7mc8z5djs5yyxh2n3oe.JPG)


For more information about the HNG internship, visit the [HNG Internship page](https://hng.tech/internship)

If you are looking to hire talented interns, check out the [HNG Hire page](https://hng.tech/hire)
Supercharge Your Website Relaunch: The Power of Performance Optimization
Tags: devops, productivity, frontend, testing
Published: 2024-07-04 15:37:48

**Are you planning a website relaunch? 👀**

Don't overlook the game-changing **impact of performance optimization**. Let's dive into why speed matters and how you can **make your site lightning-fast**.

**Why Performance Optimization is Crucial 🔑**

1. Enhanced User Experience: Fast sites = happy users
2. Improved Search Engine Visibility: Speed is a ranking factor
3. Increased Conversion Rates: Faster sites convert better
4. Reduced Operational Costs: Efficient sites are cheaper to run
5. Competitive Advantage: Outpace your rivals with a speedy site

**Key Areas to Focus On 🎯**

1️⃣ Frontend Performance
Optimize for:

- Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)
- Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)
- First Contentful Paint (FCP)
- Interaction to Next Paint (INP)

2️⃣ Server-Side Responsiveness
Reduce:

- Time to First Byte (TTFB)
- Total Blocking Time (TBT)

3️⃣ Caching
Implement:

- Browser caching
- Server-side caching

4️⃣ Asset Optimization

- Minimize and compress CSS and JavaScript
- Implement asset bundling
- Reduce HTTP requests

5️⃣ Image Optimization

- Compress images
- Implement lazy loading
- Use modern image formats

6️⃣ Monitoring
Establish comprehensive systems to track performance metrics
Taking Action 💪

- Set clear performance targets
- Prioritize performance in design and development
- Optimize content for speed
- Implement efficient hosting and infrastructure
- Adopt lightweight frameworks
- Conduct thorough testing
- Implement continuous monitoring and optimization

**Overcoming Roadblocks 🚧**

Be aware of common challenges:

- Industry norms
- Lack of awareness or expertise
- Misaligned priorities
- Budget and time constraints
- Limited accountability

**✨ Pro tip: Explicitly request performance optimization to keep it a priority throughout development. ✨**

**The Bottom Line 📊**

Performance optimization isn't just a nice-to-have – it's a must-have for successful website relaunches. By focusing on speed and efficiency, you'll create a better user experience, improve your search rankings, and gain a competitive edge in your industry.

Ready to dive deeper into performance optimization for your website relaunch? 🤔 Check out the **[full blog post](https://platform.sh/blog/website-relaunch-performance/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic_social&utm_campaign=blog-post)** on the for more insights and strategies.
Scenestamps: Movie Scenes and Quotes Database
Tags: webdev, database, flask, sqlite
Published: 2024-07-04 15:32:45



Scenestamps is a innovative website that allows users to easily share and discover specific scenes from movies, TV shows, and other video content. Unlike traditional video platforms, Scenestamps is designed specifically for cataloging and sharing individual moments, complete with detailed timestamps and descriptions.

Link : https://scenestamps.com 

--- 

**Tech Stack** : 
- Flask
- Sqlite
- HTML
- CSS
- JS
- NGINX

---

The key features of Scenestamps include:

**Search and Discovery**

Users can search for scenes by keyword, show/movie title, or even specific actors. The platform makes it easy to find and browse through a wide range of memorable moments from various media.


**Timestamp Sharing**

When creating a new scene post, users can input precise timestamps to indicate the start and end times of the clip they want to share. This allows viewers to quickly jump to the exact moment being referenced.


**Tagging and Organization**

Scenes can be tagged with relevant keywords, making it simple to group and find related content. Users can also browse all scenes associated with a particular tag.


**Social Sharing**

Scenestamps provides built-in social sharing options, allowing users to easily spread their favorite scenes across platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and more.


For those looking to create a centralized hub for cataloging and discussing memorable moments from films, TV shows, and other video content, Scenestamps provides a solid foundation and set of features to build upon. With continued refinement and promotion, this niche platform could find an engaged audience of movie and TV enthusiasts.
Come correggere l'errore "Currently using Missing or invalid module"
Tags: drupal, fix, italian
Published: 2024-07-04 15:32:11

Durante lo sviluppo di un sito drupal, può capitare di installare un modulo e poi cancellare i file senza disabilitarlo, oppure durante la disintallazione qualcosa non va a buon fine e il DB rimane sporco.

In questi casi può comparire l'errore:
```bash
[error] Currently using Missing or invalid module.
        The following module is marked as installed in
        the core.extension configuration,
        but it is missing:
 * phpass
```
L'errore normalmente compare se si prova a effettuare `drush updatedb`, in questo caso non è bloccante ma è solo noioso vederlo.
L'errore diventa bloccante quando si prova a installare o disinstallare un modulo, in quel momento si viene bloccati.

Nell'esempio che ho riportato stavo effettuando test di aggiornamento di un sito da Drupal 9 a 10, ma dopo l'aggiornamento (avvenuto con successo), sono dovuto tornare alla versione 9.
Cambiando versione, senza procedure di rollback guidate che eseguivano le operazioni necessarie, ho causato la problematica; il modulo `phpass` introdotto in Drupal 10 non era più presente su sito.

### Come risolvere l'errore
La risoluzione è molto semplice, basta rimuovere dalla configurazione `core.extension` il riferimento al modulo, così il sito non vede più il modulo attivo e non lo cerca più.

Il comando da eseguire è questo:
```bash
drush config:delete core.extension module.phpass
```

Dopo averlo eseguito sarete liberi di installare ogni modulo che desiderate!
Elixir Agent - A simple way to sharing data between processes without implement process or GenServer
Tags: elixir, agent
Published: 2024-07-04 15:22:40

## Intro

For newbies, it's hard for fully understanding Elixir process (also `GenServer`). For easy to work with process, Elixir provides `Agent` module to support sharing data (state) between two or more processes.

## Explain


![Agent](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/zy8lgvzey5yqyr64pa8f.png)



In Elixir, every single line of code is run in a process and because Elixir is functional programming then we don't have global variable (of course, we have a big benefit for this that is much more less side effect - From avoided using global variable).

To share data between functions we use process dictionary or pass variable as param. 

But for between different processes we need more effort to share data (if not used Ets table & `:persistent_term` - a limited way). We need add code to send & receive a message, also we need to handle state to store global variable (can use process dictionary).

For much more convenient to sharing data between process we can use `Agent` for holding global data (state) to share between processes or simple between functions in different point of times in a process.

## Implement a Agent

We can implement a module using `Agent` or directly (less convenient).

```Elixir
defmodule AutoId do
  use Agent

  def start_link(initial_id) do
    Agent.start_link(fn -> initial_value end, name: __MODULE__)
  end

  def last_id do
    Agent.get(__MODULE__, & &1)
  end

  def set_id(new_id) do
    Agent.update(__MODULE__, &(&1 + new_id))
  end

  def new_id do
    Agent.get_and_update(__MODULE__, fn id -> {id, id + 1} end)
  end
end
```

In this example, we make a module to sharing a way to get unique id for all processes in system by call `AudoId.new_id()`.
We can add to a application supervisor or manual start by call `AutoId.start_link(0)` before using (remember Agent process will crash if our process is crashed).

To add to a application supervisor (or our supervisor) we add code like:

```Elixir
children = [
  {AutoId, 0}
]

Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
```

For start manual `AutoId` process just add code like:

```Elixir
AutoId.start_link(1_000)
```

And in somewhere in source code we can use by call `AutoId` functions like:

```Elixir
my_id = AutoId.new_id()

#...

# reset id
AutoId.set_id(1_000_000)

other_id = AutoId.new_id()
```

`Agent` is simple enough for using and we don't need implement `GenServer` or write new process for sharing data.

`Agent` is process then it can be handover or overload, for in case we need get/set data (state) in limited time we can use `timeout` param (default is 5_000 ms).

`Agent` also provides config for `child_spec` for supervisor like `GenServer` & support distributed, hot code swapping for more use cases.
Functional Interface in Java
Tags: java8, java, functional, interview
Published: 2024-07-04 15:09:00

### Functional Interface in Java

A functional interface in Java is an interface that contains exactly one abstract method. It can have any number of default methods or static methods.

*   **Syntax:** Declared using the `@FunctionalInterface` annotation.
*   **Example:** 
```java
@FunctionalInterface
public interface MyFunctionalInterface {
    void abstractMethod();

    default void defaultMethod() {
        System.out.println("Default method implementation");
    }

    static void staticMethod() {
        System.out.println("Static method implementation");
    }
}
```

**Conclusion:** Functional interfaces are the foundation of functional programming in Java, facilitating the use of lambda expressions and method references. They promote concise and readable code by allowing methods to be treated as first-class citizens.
What is Try-With-Resources, in Java? #InterviewQuestion
Tags: java, errors, interview
Published: 2024-07-04 14:30:37

##What is Try-With-Resources?

Try-with-resources in Java is a feature introduced in Java 7 to automatically manage resources that implement `AutoCloseable` or `Closeable` interfaces. It ensures these resources are closed properly after they are no longer needed, even if an exception occurs.


###Example

```java
public class TryWithResourcesExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String fileName = "example.txt";

        try (FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(fileName);
             BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader)) {

            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("Error reading file: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

```


###Explanation

- **Syntax:** Resources are declared within the parentheses of the try statement. 
- **Automatic Closing:** After the try block finishes execution, or if an exception occurs, the resources are automatically closed in the reverse order of their creation.
- **Exception Handling:** Any exceptions that occur within the try block can be caught and handled in the catch block as usual.

###Conclusion

Try-with-resources simplifies resource management in Java programs by ensuring that resources are closed properly without needing explicit `finally ` blocks. It improves code readability and reduces the likelihood of resource leaks.
What are new features of Java 8 #interviewQuestion
Tags: java8
Published: 2024-07-04 14:46:55

### New Features in Java 8

Java 8 introduced several significant features:

1.  **Lambda Expressions**
    *   **Syntax:** Lambda expressions enable functional programming.
    *   **Example:**
        
```java
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
names.forEach(name -> System.out.println(name));
```
        
2.  **Stream API**
    *   **Functional Operations:** Stream API facilitates processing collections with functional-style operations.
    *   **Example:**
        
```java
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie");
long count = names.stream().filter(name -> name.startsWith("A")).count();
```
        
3.  **Date and Time API**
    *   **Improved API:** Provides a comprehensive set of classes for date and time manipulation.
    *   **Example:**
        
```java
LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
LocalDateTime dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(today, LocalTime.of(14, 30));
```
        
4.  **Default Methods in Interfaces**
    *   **Interface Evolution:** Allows adding methods to interfaces without breaking existing implementations.
    *   **Example:**
        
```java
public interface MyInterface {
default void defaultMethod() {
    System.out.println("Default method implementation");
    }
}
```
        
5.  **Optional Class**
    *   **Null Handling:** Encourages explicit handling of nullable values to avoid \`NullPointerException\`.
    *   **Example:**
        
```java
Optional<String> optionalName = Optional.ofNullable(name);
optionalName.ifPresent(System.out::println);
```
        

Java 8's features promote cleaner code, improved performance, and better support for modern programming paradigms.
Seeking Arabic Open-Source MERN Stack Blog Projects
Published: 2024-07-04 14:37:44

Hello Dev.to community!

I’m currently working on a project to create a blog using the MERN (MongoDB, Express.js, React, Node.js) stack and I’m specifically looking for open-source projects or resources available in Arabic. My goal is to build a blog that caters to Arabic-speaking users and developers.

What I'm Looking For:

Open-source MERN stack projects in Arabic.
Projects with documentation or interfaces translated into Arabic.
Any tutorials, guides, or resources focused on the MERN stack for Arabic developers.
How You Can Help:

Share any repositories or projects you know of that fit this description.
Point me to any communities or forums where I might find Arabic-speaking MERN developers.
If you have experience with translating projects or creating Arabic content, I’d love to hear your tips and advice.
Additionally, if there aren’t many resources available, I’m considering taking an existing open-source MERN blog project and translating it into Arabic. If you’re interested in collaborating on this, please let me know!

Thank you for your help!

Best,
[IlYas Maidi]
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL AND NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING
Published: 2024-07-04 14:20:13


The functional and non-functional testing both are necessary and important categories of software testing that help ensure the quality and reliability of a software application

## Functional Testing:- 

Functional testing focuses on verifying that the software functions correctly according to its specifications. The majority of this testing is done in a black box manner without touching the source code of the application.

**Unit Testing:** Testing individual components or functions in isolation.

**Integration Testing:** Verifying that different components/modules work together as expected.

**System Testing:** Testing the entire system to ensure it meets the specified requirements.

**User Acceptance Testing (UAT):** Checking if the software satisfies user requirements and expectations.

## Non-Functional Testing:- 

Non-functional testing its focuses on characteristics like performance, usability, reliability, and scalability.

**Performance Testing:** Evaluating how well the software performs under various conditions (e.g., load testing, stress testing).
**Usability Testing:** Assessing the user-friendliness of the software and its user interface.
**Security Testing:** Identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring the software is secure.
**Reliability Testing:** Testing the software’s stability and its ability to recover from failures.
**Scalability Testing:** Measuring how the software handles increased load or data volume.

## Example of Functional and Non Functional Testing

## Functional Testing Example:

For example for  "Amazon" is the checkout process. In functional testing, we focus on this process to ensure it works as expected.

## Test Scenarios:

1. Adding items to the cart: Users can select and add products to their shopping cart.

2. Applying discounts: The system correctly applies discount codes before finalizing the purchase.

3. Checkout process: The application successfully processes payment information and completes the order.

4. In each case, input specific data (e.g., product selection, discount code), and verify that the output matches expectations (e.g., cart total updates, discount applied, order confirmation received).

## Non-Functional Testing Example:

For example for A mobile banking application is preparing for a major update. The development team conducts non-functional testing to ensure the update meets high performance, security, and usability standards.

**Security Testing:** Tests are performed to identify and fix vulnerabilities, ensuring user data is protected against unauthorized access.

**Performance Testing:** The application is tested under peak load conditions to guarantee smooth transactions during high traffic periods, like holidays.

**Usability Testing:** Feedback from a diverse user group is collected to refine the app’s interface, making it intuitive and easy to navigate for all users.

This focused approach to non-functional testing ensures the banking app is secure, efficient, and user-friendly, maintaining user trust and satisfaction with every update.