Tailwind CSS vs Foundation: A Comparison of CSS Frameworks
Tags: javascript, beginners, tutorial, webdev
Published: 2024-02-02 11:01:18

With the rise in popularity of utility-first CSS frameworks like Tailwind CSS, developers now have more options than ever for styling web applications. Two of the most popular CSS frameworks today are Tailwind CSS and Foundation. In this article, we’ll compare these two frameworks to help you decide which one may be better suited for your next project.

## What You’ll Learn:

- The history and philosophy behind Tailwind CSS and Foundation
- Key similarities and differences in features
- How the frameworks handle styling and layout
- Customization and extensibility options
- Community size and learning resources
- Performance considerations
- When to use Tailwind CSS vs Foundation

By the end of this article, you’ll have a solid understanding of the pros and cons of Tailwind CSS and Foundation so you can determine which one is the best fit for your needs.

## Tailwind CSS Overview

Tailwind CSS was created by Adam Wathan in 2017. It is a utility-first CSS framework that focuses on composing styles using utility classes rather than predefined components. The idea behind Tailwind is to break all CSS down into single-purpose utility classes like “font-bold” or “bg-blue-500” that can be combined to build any design.

Some key aspects of Tailwind CSS:

- **Utility-First:** Focuses on small, single-purpose classes instead of predefined components. Gives you flexible low-level primitives.
- **Responsive:** Mobile-first styles and variants for responsive design built-in.
- **Customizable:** Provides default theme but everything can be customized — colors, spacing, fonts, etc.
- **Purge Unused Styles:** Can remove unused CSS for a smaller production build size.
- **Preflight Included:** Comes with a reset CSS style for cross-browser consistency.

Tailwind promotes writing CSS that is reusable, maintainable, and scalable. It can help enforce consistency across projects and teams. The tradeoff is that it can take longer to compose all your styles manually using utilities compared to using pre-built components.

Overall, Tailwind CSS aims to be highly customizable and give developers a high degree of control over their project’s styling.

## Foundation Overview

Foundation was created by Zurb in 2011 and is one of the older and more established CSS frameworks. It provides a responsive grid system, CSS components, Sass variables and mixins, and templates to help developers quickly prototype and build web projects.

Some key aspects of Foundation:

- **Components:** Comes with prebuilt UI components like buttons, dropdowns, navigation, etc.
- **Responsive Grid:** Includes a fully responsive grid system.
- **Mobile-First:** Grid and components designed mobile-first.
- **Sass-Powered:** Uses Sass for CSS extensions like variables, mixins, and functions.
- **Accessibility:** Follows best practices for accessibility.
- **Customizable:** Extendable with your own Sass, components, and templates.
- **Right-to-Left Support:** Includes RTL layout options.

Foundation provides an easy way to get started with building responsive, accessible web projects using proven templates and components. The tradeoff is less fine-grained control compared to a utility-first approach.

Foundation aims to give developers an easy starting point while still offering customization options.


![Similarities Between Tailwind CSS and Foundation](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/1dje35cz4jjp2s0pgogv.png)

## Similarities Between Tailwind CSS and Foundation

Despite their different philosophies, Tailwind CSS and Foundation have some notable similarities:

- Both are free, open-source frameworks.
- They support fully responsive web design through mobile-first approaches.
- Customization and extensibility are baked in — create your own components/utilities.
- Focus on accessibility with built-in best practices.
- Utilities for rapid prototyping and building.
- Large communities with learning resources and ecosystem of plugins/extensions.

The mobile-first, accessible foundations of the frameworks are largely aligned. They both aim to help developers build modern, production-ready websites and applications efficiently.

## Key Differences

The core differences between Tailwind and Foundation come down to philosophy. Tailwind promotes composing all your styles from low-level utilities while Foundation gives you pre-built components and templates.

## Philosophy

**Tailwind:** Utility-first, customizable, flexible control.
**Foundation:** Component-driven, quick prototyping, some pre-built constraints.
Tailwind avoids assumptions by providing basic building blocks while Foundation makes assumptions to provide widgets.

## Styling and Layout

**Tailwind:** No predefined layout system. Layout done using flex utilities.
**Foundation:** Includes a responsive grid system and layout components.
Foundation has more layout constraints out of the box — both can achieve similar results but Foundation guides you more heavily.

## Learning Curve

**Tailwind:** Can have a steeper initial learning curve as you learn the utility classes.
**Foundation:** Easier to pick up quickly thanks to prebuilt components and templates.
Foundation lets you hit the ground running faster. Tailwind takes more time to master utility composition.

## Customization

**Tailwind:** Very customizable — default theme is fully configurable. Add your own utilities easily.
**Foundation:** Customizable with Sass — create components, change variables. Not as flexible as Tailwind.
Tailwind provides more tools for deep customization of styling defaults.

## Community and Resources

**Tailwind:** Rapidly growing community. Extensive 1st party learning resources. Many 3rd party plugins and tools.
**Foundation:** Large community but slower growth. Solid docs and resources. Smaller plugin ecosystem.
Both are popular with large communities — Tailwind has more momentum currently.

## Performance Comparison

Performance is an important consideration when choosing a CSS framework. Here is how Tailwind and Foundation compare:

**Initial Load Time:** Foundation is lighter weight and bundles less code so can be faster to load initially.
**Build Size:** Tailwind can remove all unused styles so optimized production builds are small. Foundation’s full framework builds can be larger.
**Runtime Performance:** Both are quite performant for real world use cases. Tailwind avoids specificity issues.

Overall, Tailwind offers better optimized production builds while Foundation is faster out of the box. Both will be highly performant in most real-world applications.


![When to Use Tailwind CSS vs Foundation](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/10tbn5xlmb864q5wt4ku.png)

## When to Use Tailwind CSS vs Foundation
Based on their differences, here is an overview of when Tailwind or Foundation may be better suited for a project:

## Use Tailwind When:

- You want maximum customizability and control over styling.
- You are comfortable composing UI with utility classes.
- You want to build one-off custom designs.
- You prefer a utility-first workflow.
- Your app uses a JavaScript framework like React or Vue.

## Use Foundation When:

- You need to quickly prototype or build something without heavy customization.
- You like using pre-built components and templates.
- You want UI with some constraints and conventions baked in.
- You are building a simple brochure-type marketing site.
- You prefer working with Sass/SCSS.

Both can work for most projects but these guidelines point you in the right direction based on the strengths of each framework. Consider your team’s skills, project needs, and preferences when deciding.

## Conclusion

Tailwind CSS and Foundation take different approaches but both are robust frameworks for building modern web applications. Tailwind provides flexible low-level utilities while Foundation gives you pre-built components and templates.

Tailwind excels at customization while Foundation makes it easier to get started quickly. Both have options for tuning and extensibility as well. Performance is solid with either option once you optimize for production.

For simple sites Foundation may be easier to pick up, while Tailwind offers superior control for complex UIs. Evaluate your specific needs — for many projects, either framework can get the job done. The large and growing communities behind both ensure you’ll have learning resources and be able to find answers as you build.

Hopefully this comparison gives you a better understanding of Tailwind CSS and Foundation so you can decide which framework best fits your next web project. Both aim to help you create modern websites quickly and efficiently.