teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
Automating User Management on Linux with Bash Scripting
Tags: productivity, devops, bash
Published: 2024-07-03 09:21:38

As a SysOps engineer, efficient user management is crucial for maintaining system security and functionality. I've developed a bash script called create_users.sh that automates user creation, password management, group assignment, and logging on Linux systems to simplify this process. This script is designed to dynamically handle multiple users and groups from a structured input file.

## Script Overview
The create_users.sh script performs the following tasks:

Reading Input: It reads from an input file (users.txt), where each line contains a username and associated groups separated by semicolons (username;group1,group2).

User Creation: Checks if each user exists; if not, creates the user with a personal group (same name as the username).

Password Management: Generates a random password for each user and securely stores it in /var/secure/user_passwords.txt.

Group Management: Adds users to their group and optionally to additional groups specified in the input file.

Logging: Records all actions in /var/log/user_management.log for audit purposes.

Error Handling: Skips invalid lines and manages existing users gracefully.

## Benefits of Using This Script
Efficiency: Automates tedious user management tasks, reducing manual errors and saving time.
Security: Ensures passwords are generated securely and stored in a protected file.
Flexibility: Handles varying user and group configurations dynamically from a single input file.
Auditability: Logs every action performed, providing accountability and traceability.
Usage Instructions
To utilize the script:

Ensure the users.txt file is formatted correctly with each line containing username; and groups.
Run the script with ./create_users.sh users.txt on your Linux machine.

## Conclusion
Automating user management tasks is essential for maintaining system integrity and security. The create_users.sh script simplifies these tasks by leveraging bash scripting capabilities. It ensures consistency, security, and efficiency in managing users and groups on Linux systems.

For those interested in exploring system operations and infrastructure management opportunities, I recommend checking out the [HNG Internship](https://hng.tech/internship) program. It offers valuable insights and practical experience in the tech industry, preparing aspiring professionals for rewarding careers.

Additionally, you can learn more about opportunities at [HNG Premium](https://hng.tech/premium), which provides advanced training and mentorship for tech enthusiasts looking to accelerate their career growth.

Feel free to access the script on GitHub and adapt it to suit your system's specific requirements.
Telemedicine Practitioners
Tags: healthcare, onlinemedicalcare
Published: 2024-07-03 09:20:29

At [Telemedicine Practitioners](https://www.telemedicinepractitioners.com/), Barbara Grubbs provides numerous health and wellness services to both men and women. My area of expertise encompasses medically supervised weight loss, focusing on providing safe, convenient medications to your doorstep or pharmacy to help you improve your health for a lifetime by modifying your body. This may include prescription or natural pills or injections to help reset your cravings and response to food.

Barbara Grubbs is a telehealth provider dedicated to offering comprehensive advice and consultation to patients from the comfort of their homes. She helps people with Weight loss / anti-aging / wellness / peptides.

Barbara's commitment to telehealth is rooted in her belief that accessible healthcare can lead to better health outcomes. Her approach is patient-centric, aiming to reduce the barriers to medical care by providing timely and accurate consultations. Whether managing chronic conditions, addressing acute concerns, or offering preventive care advice, Barbara Grubbs is a reliable resource for patients seeking quality healthcare remotely.
Commercial Vehicle Online Platform TrucksBuses.com
Tags: trucks, buses, minitruck, pickup
Published: 2024-07-03 09:18:50

When it comes to secure and comfortable transport of a group of people then the 52 seater bus becomes the perfect solution. Different [52 seater bus](https://www.trucksbuses.com/pc/52-seater-bus) brands have been produced by leading bus manufacturers in India to provide for the varying demand for buses in the market especially when it comes to transporting students and staff, tourists among other customers.
Best 52 Passenger Bus Models
Get the luxury of comfort with efficiency in the Mahindra Cruzio Grande School 4440, the Ashok Leyland Oyster School 4200, and the ever-popular Tata Starbus School LP 810. These fantastic 52 seater bus marvels not only meet social utility and practicality but are also stylish and luxurious for the passengers and owners to boot.
52-Seater Bus Price Range
Huge savings for the best 52 seater bus brands as top players unveil competitive prices. Check out the detailed specifications of Ashok Leyland Oyster School 4200 for Rs 28.1 lakh, or travel in the Tata Starbus School LP 810 which ranges for between Rs 26. 50 lacs to Rs 25.72 lakh. If one wants to go a notch higher in terms of capability and features, then Tata Starbus School LP 909 CNG is priced at Rs 27.88 lakh.

True Fuel Efficiency & Performance
Indeed, since the company aims to balance its operational expenses and the environmental impact, the 52 seater bus models exhibit optimal fuel consumption figures. Starting from the diesel versions that can travel 5 to 8 kilometres per litre and CNG options that can travel 5 to 7 kilometres per kilogram, these buses are made to perform efficiently at low operational cost.
Comfort and Safety
In addition to the excellent features, the appropriate 52 seater buses for sale in India focus on the comfort and security of the riders. Facilities such as leg space, seat belts, fire fighting apparatus, and space for emergency exit also add confidence to both passengers as well as operators of these buses. Moreover, the sixteen positions of flexible seating layout from 2 by 2 to 3 by 3 make the journey comfortable for everyone.
Long wheel base 52 seater bus models
Relating to the different transport requirements, the 52 seater bus segment comes with a variation of wheelbase. The wheelbase ranges from as low as 4100 mm in the compact model to as large as 5240 mm in the large model; this provides flexibility in accommodating different passenger loads and luggage as well.

Bus Offers from TrucksBuses
At TrucksBuses, we feel the same way and understand the need to find the perfect 52 seater bus. With our easy-to-use search tool, you can locate reputable dealers near you in India and choose from a vast range of excellent quality 52 seater buses models. You get a hassle-free and professional service as you use the advanced search functions to make your 52 seater bus hire decision.

Improve your transportation experience with the finest 52 seater buses offered in India. Love comfort, quality, and durability like never before, and set off on a journey that is beyond compare.
Is tail call optimization truly necessary?
Tags: functional, scala
Published: 2024-07-03 09:16:56

When I was learning about a new functional programming language, one of the first things I would check would be if it supports tail call optimization. My thinking was that if this feature isn't available, then the tail-recursive functions could blow the stack.

Tail call optimization is a technique that makes recursive function calls efficient by eliminating the need for new stack frames. When the last expression of a function is a call to itself, this optimization reuses the current function's stack frame rather than creating a new one. So, it prevents stack overflow errors and improves performance.

Scala supports tail call optimization. However, it is not enabled by default. You need to use the `@annotation.tailrec` annotation to tell the compiler that a function should be optimized.

```scala
def factorial(n: Int): Int =
  @annotation.tailrec
  def go(m: Int, acc: Int): Int = m match
    case 0 => acc
    case _ => go(m - 1, m * acc)

  go(n, 1)
```

The above code is an implementation of the factorial function. The `go` function is tail-recursive because the last expression is a call to itself `go(m - 1, m * acc)`. The `@annotation.tailrec` annotation ensures that the compiler will optimize this function.

Recently, I've started wondering whether tail call optimization is really necessary. Let me explain why. The majority of functional programming languages have collections whose elements can be processed lazily, without loading them all into memory at once. Among other things, we use these collections to process large datasets. For example, we treat the contents of a huge file as a lazy sequence of lines, and we perform operations like `map`, `filter`, `fold`, `reduce`, etc. to compute some result. Interestingly, we can generate these collections with methods like `unfold` or `iterate`. It seems to me that almost all tail-recursive functions can be rewritten using lazy collections.

```scala
def factorial(n: Int): Int =
    Iterator
      .iterate((n, 1)) { (m, acc) => (m - 1, m * acc) }
      .dropWhile { (m, _) => m > 0 }
      .next()
      ._2
```

In the code above, the iteration is managed without additional call-stack usage, and the memory footprint is low because the elements are created and consumed on the fly. Additionally, the code is easier to understand compared to the tail-recursive version.

We can achieve similar functionality with other programming languages that follow the functional paradigm. So, the question remains: is tail call optimization truly necessary?
How to Apply a Magento 2 Patch
Tags: magento, security, patch
Published: 2024-07-03 09:16:49

Keeping your Magento 2 store secure and up-to-date is crucial for maintaining its stability and protecting it from vulnerabilities. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to apply a Magento 2 patch, often referred to as a "composer patch," without actually using Composer.

## Step-by-Step Guide to Applying a Magento 2 Patch

### Step 1: Download the Patch

First, download the patch that is suitable for your Magento 2 version. Adobe regularly releases patches to address security vulnerabilities and other issues. For this example, we'll use the security update available for Adobe Commerce APSB24-40. You can find the relevant patch at the following link:

[Adobe Commerce APSB24-40 Patch](https://experienceleague.adobe.com/en/docs/commerce-knowledge-base/kb/troubleshooting/known-issues-patches-attached/security-update-available-for-adobe-commerce-apsb24-40-revised-to-include-isolated-patch-for-cve-2024-34102)

### Step 2: Unzip the Patch

Once you have downloaded the patch, unzip the file. The unzipped contents should include a file with a `.composer.patch` extension.

### Step 3: Apply the Patch

To apply the patch manually, follow these steps:

1. **Navigate to your Magento root directory**:
   ```sh
   cd /path/to/your/magento2/root
   ```

2. **Apply the patch**:
   ```sh
   patch -p1 < %patch_name%.composer.patch
   ```
   Replace `%patch_name%` with the actual name of the patch file you unzipped. For example, if the file is named `VULN-27015-2.4.6x.composer.patch`, you would run:
   ```sh
   patch -p1 < VULN-27015-2.4.6x.composer.patch
   ```

### Step 4: Verify the Patch

After applying the patch, it's important to verify that the patch was applied correctly and that your Magento store is functioning as expected. You can do this by:

- Checking the patch log files for any errors.
- Testing key functionalities of your store to ensure everything is working smoothly.
- Running a security scan to confirm that the vulnerability addressed by the patch has been resolved.

### Conclusion

Applying patches to your Magento 2 store is an essential part of maintaining its security and performance. By following these steps, you can ensure your store is protected against the latest vulnerabilities and continues to operate seamlessly.

For more detailed information and additional patches, always refer to the official Adobe Commerce knowledge base.

And that's it! You've successfully patched your Magento 2 store.
SSRF Vulnerability in HiTranslate: A Technical Breakdown
Tags: security, tecno, cybersecurity, bounty
Published: 2024-07-03 09:14:48

Server-side request Forgery (SSRF) is a security vulnerability that allows an attacker to induce the server-side application to make HTTP requests to an arbitrary domain chosen by the attacker. This article details the discovery, exploitation, and mitigation of an SSRF vulnerability in the HiTranslate application, a popular app used to translate text between different languages.

**1.Detecting SSRF Vulnerabilities**

Security researchers can employ various methods to detect SSRF vulnerabilities during security assessments:


**① Fuzzing URL Parameters**

Utilize automated tools to fuzz URL parameters with different payloads to identify potential SSRF points.


**② Monitoring Outbound Requests**

Monitor outbound network requests made by the application for unusual or unauthorized destinations.


**③ Testing with Collaborator Services**

Use services like Burp Collaborator to track and confirm whether external requests are being made by the application.


**④ Reviewing Source Code**

Perform code reviews to identify unvalidated URL inputs or improper handling of external requests.


**② Preventing SSRF Vulnerabilities**

To effectively prevent SSRF vulnerabilities, several best practices and mitigation strategies should be implemented:


**① Input Validation**

- Allowlist Approach: Implement strict allowlisting of acceptable domains. Only permit URLs that are known and trusted.
- Denylist Approach: Use a denylist to block known malicious domains, though this is less effective due to the ease of bypassing with new domains.


**② Network Segmentation**

Segregate internal and external network resources to minimize the risk of SSRF attacks accessing sensitive internal services.


**③ Metadata Service Protection**

Restrict access to cloud metadata services. Many cloud providers offer configuration options to disable or limit metadata service access from instances.


**④ Proxy Configuration**

- Ensure the proxy only forwards requests to a restricted set of domains.
- Avoid resolving custom domains to internal IP addresses by verifying that resolved IPs belong to trusted networks.


**⑤ Use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs)**

Implement WAFs to detect and block malicious traffic patterns indicative of SSRF attacks.


**⑥ Regular Security Audits and Penetration Testing**

Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing to identify and mitigate potential vulnerabilities before they can be exploited.

Discovery of the SSRF Vulnerability: SSRF Vulnerability in HiTranslate: A Technical Breakdown[https://security.tecno.com/SRC/blogdetail/271?lang=en_US]
My Journey in Software Engineering: A Challenge That Taught Me A Great Deal
Published: 2024-07-03 08:44:37

My name is Desmond Okeke and I am currently a Software engineer with 3+ years in building full-stack solutions. I am proficient in front-end stack including but not limited to **HTML/CSS, SCSS, JavaScript, Vue.js, Nuxt.js, Tailwindcss, and Buefy**, as well as some back-end stacks such as Python Flask, Node.js, Postgresql, MySql. I also work with vast programming tools like Java, C, etc., and enjoy problem-solving. When I am not on my laptop I am practicing my violin.

I was introduced to programming in my secondary school days when Co-Creation Hub aimed to empower unprivileged teenagers with digital technology. Over the years, I grew to love programming and have gathered much experience. My journey in tech is like a learning curve for me, because in every experience I get, there is something new for me to learn. This unique nature of programming has kept me intrigued for over a decade. At a point in my life, something fascinating happened that made me question my ability to be the professional software engineer I had always wanted to be.

I was given a task to call the third-party API to validate and transform an endpoint to a URL. I was supposed to call third-party endpoints and send authorization through the API. This task involved manipulating a third-party payload response by changing the image type from base 64 to a URL endpoint. I had to use Axios to get an authorization token. After that, I used the token to access the service to get the URL location. Explaining it now might seem pretty straightforward, but it took a lot of hard work, grit, and research to figure this out. I did not just learn how to call third-party services the right way, but I also got exposed to the art of problem-solving. Shying away from difficult tasks will never be an option for me because I believe that with the right attitude and mindset, every problem has a solution. 

In the journey of continuous learning and growth, I decided to register for HNG11 using this link: [https://hng.tech/internship](https://hng.tech/internship). I believe the internship will get me busy with projects that will sharpen my ability to solve coding problems more intelligently. Also, I intend to join the premium network using this link: [https://hng.tech/premium](https://hng.tech/premium). This premium package will be of great benefit to me in terms of networking, getting job opportunities, and being constantly motivated to be better. 

At the end of this internship, I hope to be more vast in terms of my skill set and also volunteer as an instructor of HNG in the backend track. 

Thank you
Sacred Vestments Alb and Cincture Set for Reverent Service
Published: 2024-07-03 08:38:26

Our Alb and Cincture set combines simplicity and elegance, tailored for clergy and altar servers. The Alb, made from high-quality fabric, offers a comfortable fit and a dignified appearance during Mass and other sacred ceremonies. Paired with the Cincture, which features a symbolic cord to secure the Alb, this **_[Alb And Cincture](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/)_** enhances the solemnity of worship and spiritual devotion. Ideal for enhancing your spiritual attire with authentic and respectful garments that reflect dedication and reverence in your sacred duties.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/b3cayz6rllwx3837n7o7.jpg)
 [Alb and cincture](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/), [Catholic Altar Cloths](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/), [Catholic Altar Items](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/),[Clergy Alb](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/), [Catholic Church Altar](https://clergywearshop.com/product-category/altar-server-vestments/altar-server-cassocks/)
Phone Number Verification Bot 📞✅
Tags: telegram, telegrambot, dakidarts, bot
Published: 2024-07-03 08:26:30

Welcome to the **[Phone Number Verification Bot](https://dakidarts.com/)**! This Telegram bot helps you verify phone numbers, providing details about the country, location, phone type, and more. Built with Python and leveraging the power of RapidAPI, this bot is here to ensure you have accurate information at your fingertips.


![Phone number verification bot](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/435136v776qeccb7juz5.png)

## Features

- **Phone Number Verification**: Validate phone numbers with ease.
- **Country and Location Information**: Get details about the phone number's country and specific location.
- **Phone Type Identification**: Know whether the phone number is mobile, landline, etc.
- **Carrier Information**: Find out the carrier associated with the phone number.
- **Timezone Information**: Get the timezone related to the phone number.

## Commands

- `/start`: Welcome message and introduction to the bot.
- `/help`: Display a list of available commands and their usage.
- `/verify <phone> <country>`: Verify a phone number with the specified country code.

## Example Usage

To verify a phone number, simply use the following command: `/verify 6502530000 US`

## Usage

You don't need to install anything to use this bot. Simply go to [t.me/dws_verify_phone_bot](https://t.me/dws_verify_phone_bot) on Telegram and start verifying phone numbers right away!

## Contact

For any inquiries or support, reach out to us at [t.me/dakidarts](https://t.me/dakidarts).

---

Happy Verifying! 😊
How do you file cuticles with a nail drill?
Tags: nail, art, drill, bit
Published: 2024-07-03 08:18:05

Utilizing a Nail Drill to File Cuticles
Introduction
You've probably come across a nail drill if you’re a nail lover. This is often a tool used to file, buff, and shape fingernails. Nonetheless, are you aware it to register cuticles that one may also use? We'll be speaking about the benefits and safety with this innovation, how to use a nail drill to file cuticles, therefore the quality associated with application.


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/agvdovg09r76ewbsvmx2.png)

Safety
The matter first should note is the fact that safety is most important when utilizing a nail drill to register cuticles. Before usage, make sure you have clean fingernails and a tools for nail arts anitized. Its also wise to understand the kind of drill bits you are using and select the right one. It's essential to be cautious and just take things gradually to avoid any accidents which can be prospective.

Use
Ensure before you start filing your cuticles you know how to deal with the nail drill. The machine will be able to adjust the speed and strength for the drill for you personally. The Nail Drill Bits should be lowered towards the appropriate degree, then moved gently over your cuticles in a motion back-and-forth. Make certain that the drill bit just makes connection with the loosened, overgrown cuticles to avoid tearing the skin. The versatile nature of the nail drill means it to address various nail shapes and textures, rendering it well suited for novices and experts alike as you are able to make use of.

Utilizing
Before usage, you have to ensure that you have actually clean nails and a nail drill sanitized. Start by picking the absolute most bit suitable and form to match your preferences. Once you've the bit correct start by establishing the drill to a lower speed and work your path up as desired. Gently go the drill over your cuticle nail drill bits in a motion back-and-forth ensuring you don’t touch your skin layer. Once you’re complete, you should use a mini vacuum cleaner to wash the area up, then moisturize in order to complete from the process.

Provider and Quality
The quality and effectiveness of solution supplied by a nail drill rely on just how well it is maintained. Ruined or nails which are crashed a side-effect of poor maintenance. You need to always take the time to sanitize and store your nail drill correctly. Its also wise to ensure that you change usually drill bits to help keep the device in exceptional condition.

Application
Finally, when working with a nail drill to register cuticles, there are many ways to apply and achieve designs that are unique. Professionals add extra flair and sparkle to nails with the addition of rhinestones or glitter in various sizes and shapes. You can try out various colors and textures to achieve finishes which can be unique.