Understanding Power Semiconductor Devices and Their Applications
Published: 2024-05-14 08:54:49

Power semiconductors can be defined as electronic components that are able to block high voltages and can handle large amounts of current. These devices are mainly used extensively in power control circuits as on/off switches. They not only perform all the electronic functions of a simple semiconductor but can also withstand higher voltage and current with minimal power loss and voltage fluctuations. When used in an integrated circuit, power semiconductors are also called power devices.

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### Types of Power Semiconductor Devices

Broadly, power semiconductors can be divided into three categories, depending on the number of terminals they have. These are two-terminal, three-terminal, and four-terminal devices. All of these devices have different characteristics, which make them suitable for different applications.
**Some of the commonly used power semiconductor devices are:**
● Power Diodes: Power diodes are two-terminal devices that are widely used in power electronics circuits. They perform a wide range of functions, such as acting as switches in rectifiers, changing the reversal of capacitors, and transferring energy between components.
● Power Transistors: These are three terminal devices that consist of an emitter, base, and a collector. Their main function is to amplify electrical signals and to control current, which makes them suitable for use in a number of electronic circuits.
● Insulator Gate Bipolar Transistors: Also known as IGBTs, these power semiconductors are very fast and can handle high levels of voltage and current. They are mainly used in high-power applications such as motor drives, power supplies, etc.
● Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors: Also known as MOSFET, these are four-terminal devices that find several applications, such as in an AC/DC converter.

Applications of Power Semiconductor Devices
Since power semiconductor devices can actively control the flow of electric current in a circuit and manipulate it as required, they are used for different kinds of applications. Some of the most common applications of power semiconductor devices are:
● Automobile Industry: Power semiconductors are widely used in manufacturing electric and hybrid vehicles. From power converters to motor controllers, there are several components of these vehicles that utilise power semiconductor devices. Mainly, power semiconductors help control and convert electrical energy efficiently to optimise overall performance.
● Renewable Energy Systems: Renewable energy systems produce large amounts of DC power. Power semiconductors are used in electronic systems designed to convert DC power into AC power, which helps ensure that the generated power can be used efficiently.
● Industrial Automation: Efficient motor control is an important aspect of industrial automation. Power semiconductors, such as IGBTs, can be used to regulate the speed and direction of these motors.
● Consumer Electronics: Power semiconductor devices are also widely used in consumer electronics as they serve a variety of purposes. From voltage regulation to power conversion, there are several things that power semiconductor devices can help with.

Apart from these, the military, power industry, and aerospace are also among the common areas of [power semiconductor applications](https://in.mitsubishielectric.com/en/feature/partneringindia/case-studies/power-semiconductors-india.html).

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