Stress Management
Tags: stressmanagement, coping, protectivefactors
Published: 2024-04-24 09:30:37

As we reviewed in the [first part of this blog series](https://dev.to/one-beyond/stress-awareness-33pb), the starting point for stress management is awareness of our stress levels. Once we realize we are stressed, we often unconsciously ask ourselves the following questions: 
- Can we **manage** the situation? 
- Is it within our **control**? 
- Can we **solve** it? 
- What **solutions** do we see? 
- If we can't manage it, how should we **cope**? 

In this blog, we delve into various aspects of stress management, exploring concepts like the three main arousal responses to stress and the difference between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. The stress container self-reflective task helps us analyse our mood and identify actions we can take. Additionally, we'll discuss tips for managing workplace stress and the importance of our shields, which act as protective factors against stress and anxiety. Towards the end, you'll find thought-provoking questions to reflect on your coping mechanisms. 

 
**Fight vs flight vs freeze (& fawn)** 

There is a general concept of how we and our bodies react when we perceive threats.  
- The **fight** response activates a person to cope with perceived threats by **taking action** to **eliminate** the **danger**. It results in physical changes like increased heart rate, higher blood pressure, adrenaline rush, and tightened jaw.  
- The **flight** response involves **escaping** the danger, seeking safety and distance from the source of the stress. This response triggers a cascade of physiological changes, including a surge in adrenaline, rapid heartbeat, shallow breathing, and tense muscles. The body readies itself for swift escape, prioritizing survival above all else. 
- In contrast, the **freeze** response involves a state of **immobility**, where the individual becomes momentarily **paralyzed** in the face of danger. Rather than confront or flee, they may find themselves unable to act, as if caught in a state of suspended animation. This response is characterized by a decrease in heart rate and muscle tension, often accompanied by a sense of detachment or dissociation from the surrounding environment. 
- Lately, research has identified a fourth stress reaction pattern: **fawn**. This is a little bit similar to the freeze response, but its core aspect is that we try to **please** and **appease the needs of someone else**, **instead** of **prioritizing** our **own well-being**, so in the end we become more submissive in the situation. 

 

**Problem-focused or emotional-focused**

The **problem-focused coping strategies aim** to **chang**e or **eliminate a stressor**. When you employ a strategy aimed at directly addressing the stressor itself, you are engaging in problem-focused coping. For instance, devising plans, solving problems, or removing the stressor altogether are all forms of problem-focused coping. 
**Emotion-focused coping** is when you **try to deal with your emotional response to the stressor**. If you are trying to reduce, eliminate, or simply tolerate your emotional response to a stressor, then you’re using emotion-focused coping. Examples include withdrawal, expressing anger and frustration, seeking emotional support, distracting oneself, engaging in rumination, and accepting resignation (acknowledging that the problem may persist). 
For example, if we have a higher workload, prioritizing our tasks or delegating them is a problem-focused solution, but acknowledging and celebrating small victories or milestones to stay motivated is more about emotion-focused coping. 

 

**Our Stress Container** 

The Stress Container model illustrates **how individuals manage** everyday **stresses based on their level of vulnerability**. Those with low vulnerability possess larger containers, making them less susceptible to mental health issues. The size of the container can be due to a lot of factors from someone’s background, like the patterns that we went through in the previous part of this blog series. 


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/lfyq2kwpz62dapep1to8.PNG)

When the container overflows, individuals may experience mental and physical illness. This is a **learning process** to **check & identify when our container is filling** and we have to **actively manage** what is in there. 

 

**Workplace stress** 

Most of us experience stress during our personal lives but experience it more heavily during work. Most of the time we cannot show or express that we are stressed when we work, so we must minimize what our environment sees from it. In this case it is truly important to have some time for ourselves after a harsh meeting or project demo or the day itself where we can express it or reward ourselves after a hard day or period. 

Some key tips to manage our daily stress: 
- **Taking a break** from work is needed, especially since our **need for rest** is **rising** with the **increased spent time without rest**, so we should install breaks within our days and our schedule. Sometimes it is hard especially when we work remotely, to just walk around, or have a few minutes as a break while when we work in the office. Our environment can help us like having a coffee together or just chatting about something. However, 
- **Morning routine** can be key when it comes to keeping balance within our lives. Having some activity to do before we jump to our laptops can be hugely beneficial. Since remote working is truly part of our DNAS, we intend to start our day with coffee and our duties. Well, I cannot say that it never occurred to me, but I enjoy my day more if I have some time before I start working. This can be reading or doing sports, having your big walk with your dog or learning something. It does not have to be long activity, even 20-30 minutes are sufficient to have the feeling that you have already done something for yourself. 
- **Setting up boundaries** is not an easy task to do. We have a lot of priorities and duties, and we can be overwhelmed with these and the feeling that we want to execute as many tasks as we want to and help as many colleagues as possible. However, **assertively declining extra commitments** and clearly **communicating availability** and **preferred communication** methods are needed to create transparency and take care of ourselves. 
- **Leaving work behind** is not easy, switching off our working- mode, work-persona is essential, here are some tips: 

   - **Develop a shutdown routine** to signal the end of the workday. This could include tidying your workspace, reviewing your tasks for the next day, and mentally transitioning out of work mode.  
   - **Prioritize Tasks:** Before leaving work, prioritize your tasks for the next day. Knowing what needs to be done can ease your mind and help you relax during your time off. 
   - **Unplug:** Disconnect from work-related communication channels, such as email and work chat apps, when you are off the clock. Consider turning off notifications or even deleting work apps from your personal devices.


**Our shields** 

We can say that we can **arm ourselves against stress**; this is what we can call **“protective factors”**. This includes elements that can be obvious for some of us, but we can easily look over these under a stressful period and let go of the elements of a healthy lifestyle with charging and cheerful relationships. 
- **Sports:** Being active and taking care of our physical fitness is a protective factor against stress. It helps us to create balance within our lives, so it helps to relieve stress unconsciously. Additionally, we can use it as a conscious coping strategy, when after a hard-working day we decide to go for a run or a walk with our dog, or during a weekend having a trip in nature – all of these help us to manage our stress level and we can experience an eustress after an activity that we made it. 
- **Nutrition** plays a huge part in how we feel daily. Whether we feel energized or fatigued depends on the micro and macro nutrients that we give to our body through foods. 
- **Sleep:** Rest is essential. Even if we eat well and engage in activities, if we do not sleep well or enough, we can harm ourselves. Sometimes sleep problems occur first when we tip over our balance, either we have restless nights, or we feel that we cannot sleep enough to rest. Based on scientific research like this we should aim for **7-9 hours per night** in order to have proper time for regeneration. 
- **Hobbies:** Having time for your hobbies is great for recharging. Sometimes we skip this easily when we have a lot of things to do at work, which for a brief period of time can be an adaptive coping mechanism, but if we lose an activity whose aim was to refill our batteries then we cut out. 
- **Mindfulness:** Being in the present has not been harder than during the last couple of years with our accelerated world. Incorporating mindfulness into our daily lives can help us manage stress. 

   - **Practice mindful breathing:** When you are feeling stressed or overwhelmed, take a few moments to focus on your breath. Close your eyes if possible, and take slow, deep breaths, paying attention to the sensation of the air moving in and out of your body. This simple mindfulness exercise can help calm your nervous system, bring you back to the present moment, and reduce the impact of stress. 
   - **Engage in mindful activities:** Incorporate mindfulness into your daily routine by **engaging in activities with full awareness**. Whether you are eating, walking, or washing dishes, try to focus on the present moment and fully engage your senses. Notice the sights, sounds, smells, and textures around you without judgment. By bringing mindfulness to everyday activities, you can reduce stress and increase your overall sense of well-being. 
   - **Practice self-compassion:** When you are feeling stressed, it is **easy to be hard on yourself** or **engage in negative self-talk**. Instead, practice self-compassion by **treating yourself** with **kindness** and **understanding**. Remind yourself that it's normal to feel stressed from time to time, and that you're doing the best you can in this moment. Offer yourself words of encouragement and support, just as you would to a friend in need. Mindfulness can help you cultivate a greater sense of self-compassion by allowing you to observe your thoughts and emotions with greater clarity and acceptance.

As we can see, everything comes back to **self-care**, **knowing our self** and **boundaries** and **paying attention to our body and soul**. By understanding our stress responses and adopting a balance of problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies, along with taking care of ourselves and our lifestyle, we can effectively manage stress and **foster resilience** in our daily lives. 

 


Some **takeaway questions** which can help you to reflect on your copings and stress management techniques: 
- What are my go-to strategies for managing stress? Are they primarily problem-focused or emotion-focused? 
- How effective are my current stress management techniques in helping me cope with different stressors? 
- If I look at my stress container, what elements are within it? Is it overflowing? Can I take some elements from it? 
- Do I tend to prioritize self-care, such as taking breaks, engaging in hobbies, or practising relaxation techniques, during stressful periods? 
- How well do I set boundaries between work and personal life? Do I struggle to disconnect from work-related stressors? 
- What role does physical activity play in my stress management routine? Am I consistently incorporating exercise into my daily or weekly schedule? 
- What adjustments can I make to improve my sleep quality and ensure I get enough rest to support my well-being? 
- How mindful am I of my thoughts and emotions during stressful situations? Do I practice mindfulness or other forms of mental relaxation regularly? 
- Do I have a support system in place for seeking help or guidance when I feel overwhelmed by stress?