teleren/devto huggingface dataset:
How Websites Work? Explained! 🤔🌐
Tags: webdev, beginners, programming, news
Published: 2024-03-27 15:00:00

The web is used everywhere, not just in browsers.

You see, checking emails, tweeting, browsing, video calling etc., all use the internet.

Thus, a developer should understand how web pages function. This is essential for a developer.

It's also crucial for resolving problems and improving the performance of an application or site.

***

## How Websites Work?

Entering a URL (e.g., https://dev.to/) in the browser starts multiple processes.

These processes can be summarised in four main steps, namely -

- 1️⃣ URL Gets Resolved
- 2️⃣ Request Is Sent To The Server
- 3️⃣ Response From The Server Is Parsed
- 4️⃣ Requested Page Is Displayed

Follow along!

***

## Step 1️⃣: URL Gets Resolved

Website code is stored on "servers" (a system that provides resources, data, services, or programs to other computers, known as clients, over a network.)

Suppose you enter a domain (e.g., https://dev.to/), which is translated to an IP address (a unique identifying number assigned to every device connected to the internet) using DNS (Domain Name System) servers.

Browsers have the addresses of DNS servers built-in.

After **getting the IP address**, the process moves to the next step, which is...

***

## Step 2️⃣: Request Is Sent To The Server

With the IP address, **the browser sends a request to the corresponding server**.

Requests contain information and are sent using the HTTP/HTTPS protocol (a protocol for fetching resources such as files)

Servers respond to these requests with data, which can include the code for a website or other types of data.

The server's response is determined by how web developers have programmed the requested website or data.

***

## Step 3️⃣: Response From The Server Is Parsed

The **browser receives and parses the server's response**.

The type of data (e.g., website, PDF) is identified through metadata (data about data in the web page) in the response.

If it's a website, the data is parsed as HTML, which structures the webpage.

***

## Step 4️⃣: Requested Page Is Displayed

The browser renders the website using the HTML data.

**CSS adds styles** to the HTML structure, making the page visually appealing.

Additional data can be fetched as per the instructions in the code.

**JavaScript adds dynamic interactivity** to the page.

Experience in these technologies will allow you to create engaging and responsive websites.

***

## 🙌 Final Thoughts

Here is an article explaining the "fundamentals of the internet", in case you want to explore more about this stuff -
{% embed https://dev.to/arjuncodess/fundamentals-of-the-internet-the-basics-1hpp %}

Okay, that's it for today!

Connect with me @ [Linktree](https://linktr.ee/arjuncodess).

Happy Coding! 🚀
Thanks for 25390! 🤗
Can you help with a quick survey? 30 secs top. 🙏
Tags: webdev, javascript, react, frontend
Published: 2024-03-27 14:02:20

We are researching brand names. 
**Would you help us?** 🥹

2 questions. 30 secs top. I swear.

{% cta https://tally.so/r/nP6GjB %}Yes, I'l take the quick survey!{% endcta %}

Thanks a bunch!


![Thank you, brother!](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ndw6j3hwodo2vu6jj103.gif)
Loop DOS? Letś Discuss.
Tags: career, security, cybersecurity
Published: 2024-03-27 13:55:24

**New Loop DoS Attack Targets Application Layer Protocols**
A new type of denial-of-service (DoS) attack, named "Loop DoS," has emerged, targeting application layer protocols that rely on the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Developed by researchers at the CISPA Helmholtz-Center for Information Security, this attack can affect an estimated 300,000 hosts and their networks.
**How Does Loop DoS Work?**
Loop DoS takes advantage of a vulnerability in the implementation of the UDP protocol, specifically its susceptibility to IP spoofing and lack of sufficient packet verification. When an attacker exploits this vulnerability, they create a self-perpetuating mechanism that generates excessive traffic without limits or a means to stop it.
Potential Outcomes of Loop DoS Attacks
There are three possible outcomes when an attacker leverages the vulnerability:

    Overloading of a vulnerable service: The attack can cause a service to become unstable or unusable due to the excessive traffic generated.
    Network outage: The attack can lead to a denial-of-service condition on the network backbone, causing network outages for other services.
    Amplification attacks: Network loops can cause amplified distributed denial-of-service (DDOS) attacks, where the attacker's traffic is multiplied before reaching the target.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/jvn5p61e9el3jdr93e4q.png)
**Impact and Mitigation Strategies**
The potential impact of Loop DoS extends to both legacy and modern protocols, affecting crucial internet-based functions like time synchronization, domain name resolution, and file transfer without authentication. To mitigate the risks associated with Loop DoS, CERT/CC recommends several strategies:

    Install the latest patches from vendors addressing the vulnerability.
    Replace products that no longer receive security updates.
    Use firewall rules and access-control lists for UDP applications.
    Turn off unnecessary UDP services.
    Implement TCP or request validation.
    Deploy anti-spoofing solutions like BCP38 and Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF).
    Utilize Quality-of-Service (QoS) measures to limit network traffic and protect against abuse from network loops and DoS amplifications.

As of now, there is no evidence of active exploitation of the Loop DoS vulnerability, but the researchers warn that it is easy to exploit. Vendors confirmed to be affected by CVE-2024-2169 include Broadcom, Cisco, Honeywell, Microsoft, and MikroTik.
How to choose a casino game online
Published: 2024-03-27 13:53:39

Choosing a casino game online can be an exciting yet daunting task due to the vast array of options available. To make an informed decision, consider several key factors. Firstly, assess your preferences and interests. Whether you enjoy strategy-based games like poker or luck-based games like slots, selecting a game that aligns with your preferences ensures an enjoyable experience.
Next, consider the game's rules and complexity. If you're a beginner, opt for simpler games with easy-to-understand rules, such as blackjack or roulette, before delving into more intricate ones like baccarat or craps. Additionally, evaluate the house edge and odds associated with each game. Games with lower house edges typically offer better chances of winning over the long term.
Furthermore, take advantage of free demo versions or tutorials offered by [online casinos](https://www.barz.com/en/) to familiarize yourself with the gameplay and features before wagering real money. Pay attention to the game's graphics, sound effects, and overall user experience, as these factors contribute to your enjoyment and immersion.
Consider your budget and risk tolerance when selecting a game. Games with varying betting limits cater to players with different budgets, allowing you to manage your bankroll effectively. Finally, prioritize reputable online casinos with proper licenses and certifications to ensure fairness and security in gameplay. By considering these factors, you can confidently choose a casino game online that suits your preferences and enhances your gaming experience.
Companies that adhered to InnerSource (and what it means)
Tags: career, startup, beginners, tutorial
Published: 2024-03-27 13:53:11

Several well-known companies have adopted InnerSource practices to enhance collaboration, improve code quality, and drive innovation within their organizations. Some of these include:

**PayPal:** PayPal is often highlighted as a success story in the InnerSource community. They adopted InnerSource to improve efficiency and collaboration across their many development teams.

**Bloomberg:** Bloomberg has leveraged InnerSource practices to encourage collaboration and innovation, allowing their teams to share code and expertise more effectively.

**Bosch:** Bosch uses InnerSource to enhance collaboration across its diverse and globally distributed software teams, aiming to break down silos and encourage a more unified approach to development.

**SAP:** SAP has implemented InnerSource practices to foster collaboration and knowledge sharing among its vast network of developers, thereby speeding up the development process and enhancing product quality.

**Microsoft:** Microsoft has also incorporated InnerSource principles in certain areas, using it to encourage open collaboration and sharing best practices among different teams.

**Cisco:** Cisco has adopted InnerSource to improve collaboration and innovation within their development teams, recognizing the benefits of open source culture within a corporate environment.

**Ericsson:** Ericsson uses InnerSource to break down barriers between teams, encouraging a more collaborative and innovative approach to software development.

**IBM:** IBM has embraced InnerSource for various projects, fostering an environment where developers from different teams can contribute and collaborate.

**Intuit:** Intuit has utilized InnerSource practices to bring down silos and foster a more collaborative culture in its software development processes.

**Capital One:** Capital One has integrated InnerSource practices to improve collaboration and efficiency in its software development efforts.

These companies have recognized that adopting open source principles internally can lead to more efficient, innovative, and collaborative software development practices, even in a corporate setting.
Penetration Testion, A Guide.
Tags: beginners, cybersecurity, javascript, career
Published: 2024-03-27 13:47:42

**Mastering Penetration Testing: A Comprehensive Guide for Pentesters**
Penetration testing, often referred to as pen testing, is a crucial aspect of cybersecurity that helps organizations identify and address vulnerabilities in their systems. As a pentester, understanding the methodology behind this practice is essential to ensure effective testing and reporting. In this LinkedIn article, we delve into the various stages of a typical penetration testing methodology, highlighting key concepts and best practices.
Preparation Phase
Before embarking on a penetration test, it is vital to prepare thoroughly. This includes:

    Defining the scope: Determine which parts of the system will be tested and establish clear boundaries.
    Gathering necessary permissions: Obtain approval from relevant stakeholders within the organization.
    Setting expectations: Clearly communicate the purpose, goals, and limitations of the test to all involved parties.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/0jhohr1farsktfka8dup.jpg)

**Reconnaissance and Identification**
During the reconnaissance phase, gather open-source information about the target system. This may include IP addresses, domain and sub-domain names, technologies used, third-party components, and any publicly available technical or sensitive data. Mapping the target system involves listing all its functionalities, providing better visibility of critical and exposed elements.
Discovery and Exploitation
The discovery stage focuses on identifying vulnerabilities through manual tests and automated tools. Once found, these vulnerabilities should be exploited to gain deeper insights into the system and potentially uncover additional weaknesses.
Reporting and Follow-up
After completing the penetration test, compile a detailed report outlining all identified vulnerabilities, their severity levels, and recommended remediation steps. Additionally, hold a debriefing session to present findings and discuss corrective actions.
**Continuous Improvement**
Stay updated with emerging trends and advancements in penetration testing methodologies to enhance your skills and effectiveness. Regularly review and adapt your approach to accommodate new threats and techniques. By adhering to this methodology, you can conduct thorough and efficient penetration tests, ensuring your organization stays protected against potential cyber threats. Remember, the ultimate goal is to strengthen your defenses and maintain a secure environment for your users and data.
Ibuprofeno.py💊| #64: Explica este código Python
Tags: python, spanish, learning, beginners
Published: 2024-03-27 13:37:19

## **<center>Explica este código Python</center>**
#### <center>**Dificultad:** <mark>Fácil</mark></center>

```py
## Reto #64
my_dict = {"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}
del my_dict["age"]
print(my_dict)
```

👉 **A.** `{'name': 'John', 'city': 'New York'}`
👉 **B.** `{"name": "John", "age": 30, "city": "New York"}`
👉 **C.** `SyntaxError`
👉 **D.** `TypeError`

---

Respuesta en el primer comentario.
Uncovering the Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Mirth Connect (CVE-2023-43208)
Published: 2024-03-27 13:28:45


In the field of healthcare technology, ensuring the security of patient data is paramount. However, vulnerabilities like CVE-2023-43208 in NextGen Mirth Connect remind us of the constant challenges faced in safeguarding sensitive information.

This blog post delves into the technical aspects of CVE-2023-43208, a critical security flaw that enables attackers to execute code remotely without authentication. The impact of such a vulnerability on healthcare systems can be devastating, potentially leading to unauthorized access and exposure of confidential patient data.

Our analysis covers the timeline of events leading to the discovery and patching of CVE-2023-43208, highlighting the collaborative efforts between security researchers and NextGen. We discuss the shortcomings of the initial patch (CVE-2023-37679) and how attackers bypassed it using clever exploitation techniques involving third-party libraries.

Furthermore, we provide insights into reproducing the vulnerability in a controlled lab environment, showcasing the steps and tools needed to understand the exploit's mechanics. Additionally, we explore detection methods to identify vulnerable versions of Mirth Connect and emphasize the importance of applying the latest patches and updates to mitigate such risks.

Ultimately, this blog serves as a reminder of the ongoing battle against cybersecurity threats in critical infrastructure like healthcare IT. By staying informed, adopting best practices, and leveraging robust security measures, we can fortify our systems against malicious attacks and protect patient data with diligence and resilience.

For a more detailed exploration of CVE-2023-43208 and its implications, please visit our [detailed analysis here](https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/rce-in-mirth-connect-pt-ii-cve-2023-43208).
Need Help Seeding Static Data into PostgreSQL Container on GO Application Startup
Tags: help
Published: 2024-03-27 13:28:08

Hi everyone,

I'm currently working on a project where I'm using a PostgreSQL database as the backend for my application. I'm trying to find a way to seed static data into the PostgreSQL container when my application starts up. Despite searching through various blogs and documentation, I haven't been able to find a suitable solution for my specific scenario.

Here's a brief overview of what I'm trying to achieve:

I have a Dockerized Go application that relies on a PostgreSQL database.
When the application starts up, I want to automatically seed the PostgreSQL database with some static data, such as initial user accounts or configuration settings.
I'm looking for a reliable and efficient way to accomplish this seeding process without manual intervention.
I've explored options like using SQL scripts or custom Go code to perform the seeding, but I'm not sure which approach would be the best fit for my requirements. Additionally, I'm not sure how to integrate the seeding process seamlessly into my Dockerized application startup workflow.

If anyone has experience with a similar setup or has any suggestions on how to tackle this issue, I would greatly appreciate your insights and advice. Any examples, tutorials, or best practices would be incredibly helpful in guiding me in the right direction.

Thank you in advance for your assistance!
Deal or No Deal game finished
Tags: javascript, coding, codepen, gamedev
Published: 2024-03-27 13:22:59

I started a project last week in my free time to try and recreate the TV Show game/logic as an online version. I built a working version in about 6-7 hours but it's had a number of hours put into improvements after local feedback, but I'm pleased that I now have a working version I can share and can be played for free on CodePen: [https://codepen.io/Chobbit/pen/ExJmmmJ](https://codepen.io/Chobbit/pen/ExJmmmJ)

It's built in vanilla JS with a fully randomised game each time. It has Bankers logic that affects his offers each round, based on what prize values are left in the game and also the Bankers aggression. 

The game includes music, sounds and crowd reactions to a players actions to add to the games feel.  However this can be disabled/paused at anytime (all music and sound are free to download and use just like this game is free to play & enjoy)

## How to play
Simply pick a box you want to hold for the game, eliminate other boxes from the game one by one and the banker will make offers for your box after each round based on performance. You will be presented with the option to swap your box when only two boxes remain. 

If your box had less than an accepted Bankers offer, or at the end the box you choose has more than the other box available then you beat the Banker and win.

I hope someone gets enjoyment out of it but I'm just pleased to have got it working :)
Reasons for the increasing popularity of online casinos
Published: 2024-03-27 13:21:46

The surge in popularity of [online casinos](https://www.barz.com/en-gb/) can be attributed to several key factors, each contributing to the industry's rapid growth and widespread appeal. Firstly, convenience plays a pivotal role. With the advent of high-speed internet and advancements in mobile technology, players can access their favorite casino games from the comfort of their homes or on the go, eliminating the need to travel to physical casinos.
Moreover, online casinos offer a diverse range of games, catering to varying preferences and skill levels. From classic table games like blackjack and roulette to innovative slot machines and immersive live dealer experiences, there's something for everyone. This variety ensures that players can find entertainment that suits their tastes, keeping them engaged and coming back for more.
Furthermore, the accessibility of online casinos extends beyond geographical boundaries. Players from around the world can participate in virtual gaming communities, fostering a global gaming culture and creating opportunities for social interaction and competition.
Additionally, the generous bonuses and promotions offered by online casinos serve as powerful incentives for players to join and continue playing. From welcome bonuses to loyalty rewards, these incentives enhance the overall gaming experience and provide added value to players.
Lastly, the anonymity provided by online casinos appeals to those who prefer to keep their gambling activities private. This anonymity reduces the stigma associated with gambling, attracting a broader audience to the online gaming world.
In combination, these factors contribute to the increasing popularity of online casinos, shaping the landscape of the gaming industry and driving its continuous expansion.
What is cloud native?
Tags: microservices, kubernetes, docker, devops
Published: 2019-08-12 14:26:31

_[Subscribe to a monthly newsletter](https://azure.microsoft.com/resources/join-the-azure-developer-community/?WT.mc_id=devto-blog-shboyer) with many articles, docs, events events, and find opportunities to connect with other developers online and locally._

Cloud Native – what is it? Loosely defined, it's running scalable applications in the cloud using containers, microservices, and immutable infrastructure managed with through devops.

[As defined by Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)](https://github.com/cncf/toc/blob/master/DEFINITION.md#cncf-cloud-native-definition-v10)

> Cloud native technologies empower organizations to build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds. Containers, service meshes, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs exemplify this approach. These techniques enable loosely coupled systems that are resilient, manageable, and observable. Combined with robust automation, they allow engineers to make high-impact changes frequently and predictably with minimal toil.

**What is your definition of Cloud Native?**

I had a conversation with Brendan Burns, a Distinguished Engineer in Microsoft Azure and co-founder of the [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io) open source project, to get his definition of the term.

{% youtube j9toQJkKze8%}

Subscribe to the show at [aka.ms/cloudnativeshow](https://aka.ms/cloudnativeshow), [follow me](https://twitter.com/spboyer) and [Brendan](https://twitter.com/brendandburns) on twitter, checkout more great content from the Azure team at http://dev.to/azure.
How to Fix Langchain Hub Pull Error
Tags: ai, tutorial, langchain, beginners
Published: 2024-03-27 13:16:10

When trying to run your first agent (https://js.langchain.com/docs/integrations/tools/tavily_search#usage) in Langchain, you will probably run into the following error:

![Langchain Hub Pull Error](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/xlwh04kk1fcvl3sz79l8.png)

The problem is that Hub Pull returns `false`. That is this part of the code:

```javascript
const prompt = await pull<ChatPromptTemplate>(
  "hwchase17/openai-functions-agent"
);
```
To solve the problem, remove the code above and define a different prompt with a `MessagesPlaceholder` of `"agent_scratchpad"` like so:

```javascript
 const prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.fromMessages([
  new MessagesPlaceholder("agent_scratchpad"),
  ["user", "{input}"],
  ["user", "Answer the question in detail and state your source."],
 ]);
```

The text (`"Answer the question in detail and state your source."`) can be any instructions you want.

This fixed mine.

You can find more tutorials on my YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/@njokusamsonebere2589) where I teach JavaScript and AI extensively.