Diving Deeper into Blockchain Layers: What is Layer 1 Blockchain?
Tags: blockchain, bitcoin, ethereum, beginners
Published: 2024-03-29 07:47:53


![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/ycr469fn5bx7siowgv47.png)
Welcome to the latest chapter in our series on blockchain fundamentals. Having unpacked the basics of blockchain technology, we're now set to explore its structure, starting with Layer 1. This guide will shed light on the defining aspects, notable examples, and how these foundational blockchains differentiate from Layer 2 solutions.

**_In a nutshell:
At the heart of the cryptocurrency ecosystem lie Layer-1 (L1) blockchains, such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana. These platforms form the infrastructure that allows developers to craft applications, protocols, and even new blockchain networks, known as Layer-2s._**

**Understanding Layer-1:**
Layer 1 blockchains independently handle transactions without needing external networks for their core functions. Well-known Layer 1 blockchains include Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Solana, and Cardano.

![Image description](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/articles/o4x4ivv8qkla4wkqxgmb.png)

**Key Characteristics of Layer-1:**
Layer-1 networks act as the foundational layer for building additional blockchain functionalities. They offer developers the tools needed for creating a diverse range of applications and protocols, emphasizing security through sophisticated consensus algorithms, even at the expense of speed and scalability.


**Examples of L1 Protocols:**
Layer 1 networks vary in architecture and functionality. Ethereum is celebrated for its programmability, while Bitcoin is renowned for secure and efficient peer-to-peer transactions. Overall, the landscape of Layer-1 blockchains features a variety of platforms, each with unique capabilities and innovations.


**_Bitcoin_**: The oldest cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, uses Proof-of-Work for unmatched security. It supports direct wallet transactions and has been expanded to include functionalities like NFTs through the [Ordinals protocol](https://getblock.io/blog/brc-20-bitcoin-tokens-understanding-the-brc20-token-standard/?utm_source=external&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=dev.to_layer1) and fast, cost-effective transactions via the Lightning Network.
**_Ethereum_**: As the leading platform for dApps of all types, Ethereum revolutionized blockchain space with its smart contract technology. Continuous evolution through updates like the [Merge](https://getblock.io/blog/ethereum-merge-update-activated-everything-you-should-know-about-eth-proof-of-stake/?utm_source=external&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=dev.to_layer1) and the Dencun hard fork keeps Ethereum at the forefront of blockchain development, supported by a wide array of Layer-2 solutions.
**_Solana_**: Known for its high performance, Solana's Proof-of-History consensus has made it a top choice for developers, hosting a wide range of dApps and securing a prominent position in the DeFi sector.
**_Avalanche_**: Designed to overcome Ethereum's limitations by offering a unique architecture that enhances scalability and developer experience. Its smart contracts layer, the C-Chain, is celebrated for high speed and efficiency.
**_Cardano_**: Prioritizing decentralization, Cardano is a major Proof-of-Stake blockchain known for its UTXO-based architecture and smart contract capabilities, enhanced by the Marlowe addon for improved developer interaction.

**Scaling Layer 1 Blockchains:**
As the blockchain community grows, the demand for faster transaction processing becomes more acute. Blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum have their limits in transaction throughput, leading to higher fees during peak times.
Solutions for scaling include on-chain optimizations, such as increasing block sizes, employing parallelization techniques, and the introduction of sharding, which divides the network into smaller, more manageable segments. Off-chain Layer-2 solutions also play a crucial role by handling transactions separately and then reconciling them with the main chain, enhancing speed and reducing costs.
For deeper insights, consult our [guide on Ethereum L2 scaling solutions](https://getblock.io/blog/ethereum-merge-update-activated-everything-you-should-know-about-eth-proof-of-stake/?utm_source=external&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=dev.to_layer1).

**Layer 1 vs. Layer 2 Differences:**
Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchains serve different purposes within the ecosystem, with L1 focusing on security and foundational support and L2 aiming to improve performance and scalability. This distinction helps stakeholders choose the most appropriate technology for their specific needs.

**Advantages of Layer 1 Protocols:**
Layer-1 solutions stand out for their security, extensive ecosystems, and transparent transactions. These benefits make them an attractive choice for developers looking for a reliable platform for their applications, especially when handling sensitive data, with Layer 2 options being more suited to projects needing high transaction speeds and lower costs.

**Conclusion:**
Layer-1 blockchains are pivotal in fostering a decentralized digital economy, providing a stable foundation for the development of dApps and protocols. However, scaling solutions are essential for accommodating the expanding ecosystem.
For developers seeking to leverage this technology, services like GetBlock offer access to high-performance nodes, facilitating seamless integration with the blockchain. You can [register](https://getblock.io/?utm_source=external&utm_medium=article&utm_campaign=dev.to_layer1) for an account today to enjoy access to over 50+ blockchains.

**FAQs:**

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Layer-1 blockchains ensure security through consensus mechanisms like Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake.

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The future of Layer-1 lies in scaling solutions to accommodate the growing demands of the dApp ecosystem.

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Scalability challenges at Layer-1 can be addressed through protocol optimizations or the integration of Layer-2 networks to offload transaction processing.