Top 70+ Snowflake Test Cases: Snowflake Testing Templates
Tags: snowflake, testing, programming, cloud
Published: 2024-05-30 14:12:19



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Inconsistent data can generate false reports, negatively affect business decisions, and produce inaccurate results. Snowflake Testing plays a vital role in delivering high-quality data and ensuring that your reports are accurate.

This tutorial will take you through all concepts around Snowflake, why to use it, and what Snowflake testing is. To help you accelerate your testing game, we have covered more than 70+ Snowflake test case template examples. So, let's get started!

## What is Snowflake testing?

Snowflake testing is a type of [software testing](https://www.lambdatest.com/blog/ways-to-get-better-at-software-testing/?utm_source=devto&utm_medium=organic&utm_campaign=may_06&utm_term=bw&utm_content=blog) used to test a system's resilience and robustness. It involves creating unique and unexpected test cases to stress the system and expose weaknesses or vulnerabilities.

The goal of snowflake testing is to simulate real-world scenarios where the system may be exposed to unusual or unpredictable conditions and to ensure that it can continue functioning despite these challenges.

## Why use Snowflake testing?

Snowflake testing is used to test the resilience of a system or application to unique, unexpected inputs or edge cases. These tests are used to ensure that the system can handle unexpected data or scenarios, such as invalid input or extreme conditions, without breaking or behaving in an unstable manner. This helps to identify and prevent potential issues that could arise in production environments, improving the overall stability and reliability of the system.

One of the main benefits of snowflake testing is that it helps to identify and prevent potential issues that could arise in production environments. For example, if a system cannot handle unexpected input or extreme conditions, it may crash or produce incorrect results, leading to a poor user experience. Snowflake testing can help to identify these issues before they occur, allowing developers to make adjustments and improve the overall stability and reliability of the system.
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## Testing Character Formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different character encodings:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process character encodings such as UTF-8, UTF-16, and ASCII. The test case also ensures that the system can handle various inputs and correctly display or process text regardless of the character encoding.

**Code**

    import codecs
    
    # Test input with a mix of different character encodings in a list
    test_input = [
        "Hello world!", # ASCII
        "¡Hola mundo!", # UTF-8
        "こんにちは世界", # UTF-8
        "안녕하세요 세계", # UTF-8
        "你好，世界", # UTF-8
        codecs.decode('54657374206d657373616765', 'hex').decode('utf-8'), # UTF-8 encoded hex
        codecs.encode('테스트 메시지', 'utf-16-le'), # UTF-16 encoded
    ]
    
    def test_character_encodings(test_input):
        for text in test_input:
            print(text)

**Testing the system with input that contains non-printable characters:**

This test case is designed to evaluate the system's handling of special characters, including those that may not be visible or directly entered by users but are included in input data in various ways. It also helps identify data validation or handling related issues of non-printable characters. Non-printable characters have functions in specific contexts, but they are not meant to be printed on paper or displayed on computer screens.

To implement this test case, it is necessary to provide the system with inputs containing non-printable characters in various ways (manually entering via keyboard, copying and pasting from a file, or including in a system-uploaded file). This test case should be repeated often to ensure that the system can handle different non-printable characters properly.

**Code**

    import unittest
    
    class SpecialCharacterTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
        def test_non_printable_characters(self):
            input_data = "Hello World!"
            expected_output = "Hello World!"
            processed_input = remove_non_printable_characters(input_data)
            self.assertEqual(processed_input, expected_output)
    
    def remove_non_printable_characters(input_string):
        return ''.join(char for char in input_string if char.isprintable())
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()
    
    # Running the test
    # $ python test_special_characters.py
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**Testing the system with input that contains special characters, such as $,%,#:
**This test case of Snowflake testing involves testing the system with input data having special characters such @, #, !, etc.

**Code**

    #Python code for Snowflake testing with special characters input
    
    def test_special_chars_input():
        # Define input data with special characters
        input_data = "$%#&*@!"
        
        # Pass the input data to the system
        system_output = system_function(input_data)
        
        # Test the system output against the expected output
        expected_output = "Special characters input successfully processed"
        assert system_output == expected_output, f"Test failed: {system_output} does not match {expected_output}"

**Testing the system with input that contains non-English characters:**

This test case of Snowflake testing involves testing input data with no English language characters or letters. This test case is useful for testers using languages other than English for writing their test scripts.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing input data with no English language characters
    
    # Import necessary libraries
    import re
    
    # Function to check if input data contains non-English characters or letters
    def test_non_english_characters(input_data):
        # Regular expression to match non-English characters
        regex = ".*[^a-zA-Z].*"
        # Check if input data contains non-English characters or letters
        if re.match(regex, input_data):
            print("Input data contains non-English characters or letters")
        else:
            print("Input data does not contain non-English characters or letters")
    
    # Test the function with input data
    test_non_english_characters("This is a test") # Output: Input data does not contain non-English characters or letters
    test_non_english_characters("这是一个测试") # Output: Input data contains non-English characters or letters

**Testing the system with input that contains only letters:**

This test case of Snowflake testing involves testing input data having only letters and no numbers or special characters.

**Code**

    # Here is the code in Python for the given test case:
    
    
    def test_letters_only_input():
        input_data = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
        assert input_data.isalpha(), "Input contains non-letter characters"
        
        # Rest of the test case steps go here
    
    
    # In the above code, we first define a function 'test_letters_only_input' which represents the test case. We then define the input data as a string with only letters. 
    
    # We use the 'isalpha()' method to confirm that the input data contains only letters and no other characters. If the assertion fails, it means that the input data is invalid and the test case fails. If the assertion passes, we can proceed with the rest of the test case steps. 
    
    # These steps are not included in the given test case description, but would typically involve some form of processing or validation of the input data.

**Testing the system with input that contains only special characters:**

**Code**

    # Import required libraries
    import string
    
    # Define the input string containing only special characters
    input_string = string.punctuation
    
    # Define function to test the system with input that contains only special characters
    def test_only_special_characters(input_string):
      # Code to send the input string to the system and retrieve output
      # Assert statement to verify if the output is as expected
    
    
    # Call the test function with the input
    test_only_special_characters(input_string)
    
    
    # The code above is an example shell code for the test case. The actual implementation of the system and the test function will vary depending on the specific requirements of the project.

**Testing the system with input that contains control characters, such as tab and newline:**

This test case ensures that the system can adequately handle and process control characters, such as tab and newline and that they do not cause any errors or unexpected behavior. It is used to format text and can affect how text is displayed.

**Code**

    # Here's an example code in Python for the given test case:
    
    import unittest
    
    class TestControlCharacters(unittest.TestCase):
    
        def test_tabs_and_newlines(self):
            sample_text = "This is a sample text with a tab   and a newline 
     character."
            processed_text = process_text(sample_text)
            self.assertEqual(processed_text, "This is a sample text with a tab      and a newline 
     character.")
    
    def process_text(text):
        # Replace tabs with 4 spaces and add a newline at the end
        processed_text = text.replace(' ', '    ')
        processed_text += '
    '
        return processed_text
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of left-to-right and right-to-left characters:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle, process, and display bidirectional text correctly - the text written in both left-to-right and right-to-left scripts, such as Arabic and Hebrew.

**Code**

    #Here's a basic idea of how you can approach this test case. Here's what you can do:
    
    #Create a variable containing a text string that contains a mix of left-to-right (English) and right-to-left characters (Arabic or Hebrew). You can copy this string to the clipboard and paste it in the variable.
    
    example_text = "Hello, مرحبا"
    
    #Use the "bidi.algorithm" module/library in Python to determine the direction of the text.
    
    import bidi.algorithm as bidi
    
    text_direction = bidi.directionality(example_text)
    print(text_direction)
    
    #This code will output "bidi" which means that the text contains both LTR and RTL characters.
    
    #Use the "pyarabic" and "arabic_reshaper" modules to convert the text into its correct form for display.
    
    import arabic_reshaper
    from pyarabic.araby import vocalize
    
    reshaped_text = arabic_reshaper.reshape(example_text)
    vocalized_text = vocalize(reshaped_text)
    
    print(vocalized_text)
    
    #This code will vocalize and reshape the Arabic text according to proper grammar rules.
    
    #Finally, you can display the text on the screen to verify that it's displayed correctly.
    
    print(vocalized_text)
    
    #This code will display the text on your screen properly.
    
    #Please note that the above code only provides a basic idea and may not be complete or fully functional. You may need to modify it according to your specific requirements and test case criteria.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different character sets:**

This test case uses a specific combination of characters from multiple characters sets that is unlikely to be encountered in normal use of the system. It would allow you to test how well your system can handle and display text written in different character sets and encodings, such as Unicode, UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32, to ensure the text is processed correctly.
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**Code**

    # Here's an example code in Python for the given test case:
    
    test_input = "你好, こんにちは, привет, שלום, สวัสดี"
    
    # Convert input to different encodings
    encoded_input_utf8 = test_input.encode('utf-8')
    encoded_input_utf16 = test_input.encode('utf-16')
    encoded_input_utf32 = test_input.encode('utf-32')
    
    # Print the encoded inputs
    print("Encoded UTF-8 input:", encoded_input_utf8)
    print("Encoded UTF-16 input:", encoded_input_utf16)
    print("Encoded UTF-32 input:", encoded_input_utf32)
    
    # Decode the encoded inputs and print them
    decoded_input_utf8 = encoded_input_utf8.decode('utf-8')
    decoded_input_utf16 = encoded_input_utf16.decode('utf-16')
    decoded_input_utf32 = encoded_input_utf32.decode('utf-32')
    
    print("
    Decoded UTF-8 input:", decoded_input_utf8)
    print("Decoded UTF-16 input:", decoded_input_utf16)
    print("Decoded UTF-32 input:", decoded_input_utf32)
    
    # Check if the decoded inputs match the original input
    assert decoded_input_utf8 == test_input
    assert decoded_input_utf16 == test_input
    assert decoded_input_utf32 == test_input
    
    # If no assertion error is raised, then the test case passed
    print("
    Test case passed!")

**Testing Number Formats**

**Testing the system with input that contains very large numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle numbers that are larger than the maximum value it can handle and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives a very large number of the input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    import sys
    
    def test_large_numbers():
        # Test for a number greater than sys.maxsize
        large_number = sys.maxsize + 1
        assert large_number == (sys.maxsize + 1)
        
        # Test for very large input data
        big_list = [i for i in range(large_number)]
        assert len(big_list) == large_number
        
        # Test for handling large numbers in calculations
        big_sum = sum(big_list)
        assert big_sum == ((large_number - 1) * large_number / 2)

Testing the system with input that contains very small numbers:

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle numbers that are smaller than the minimum value it can handle and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives a very small number as the input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    # Here is an example Python code for this test case:
    
    import sys
    
    def test_system_with_small_numbers():
        # Define the very small numbers to test
        small_numbers = [0, sys.float_info.min, 1e-100, -1e-100]
    
        # Test the system with each small number and check the results
        for number in small_numbers:
            result = system_function(number)
            expected_result = calculate_expected_result(number)
            assert result == expected_result, f"Test failed for input {number}. Result: {result}, Expected: {expected_result}"
    
    def system_function(input_number):
        # Replace this with the actual system function you want to test
        # Example: 
        # return input_number ** 2
        pass
    
    def calculate_expected_result(input_number):
        # Replace this with the expected result for the input number
        # Example:
        # if input_number < sys.float_info.min:
        #     return 0
        pass
    
    # Run the test case
    test_system_with_small_numbers()
    
    # If the test case passes, no error will be raised. Otherwise, it will raise an AssertionError with a failure message.

**Testing the system with input that contains very large decimal numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle decimal numbers that are larger than the maximum value it can handle and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives a very large decimal number as input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    import sys
    
    def test_large_decimal_handling():
        max_value = sys.float_info.max
        very_large_decimal = max_value * 2
    
        # Test scenario 1: Input is greater than maximum possible value
        # Expected result: System should raise OverflowError
        try:
            result = 1 / very_large_decimal
        except OverflowError as e:
            assert str(e) == "float division by zero"
            print("Test scenario 1 passed")
        else:
            raise AssertionError("Test scenario 1 failed")
    
        # Test scenario 2: Input is multiplied with another large decimal
        # Expected result: System should handle the calculation correctly
        result = very_large_decimal * 10
        assert result == float("inf")
        print("Test scenario 2 passed")
    
    test_large_decimal_handling()

**Testing the system with input that contains very small decimal numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle decimal numbers that are smaller than the minimum value it can handle and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives a very small decimal number as input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    # Sample code for testing the system with input that contains very small decimal numbers
    
    import unittest
    
    class TestSystem(unittest.TestCase):
      
      def test_decimal_numbers(self):
        result = 1/100000000000000000
        self.assertAlmostEqual(result, 0.000000000001, delta=0.000000001)
        
        result = 1/1000000000000000000000000
        self.assertAlmostEqual(result, 0.000000000000000000001, delta=0.000000000000000001)
        
        result = 0.00000000000000000001 + 0.000000000000000000001
        self.assertAlmostEqual(result, 0.000000000000000000011, delta=0.0000000000000000000001)
        
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()
    
    # This code tests the system's ability to handle very small decimal numbers and ensures that it behaves as expected. The first two test cases check the system's ability to handle very small decimal numbers that are smaller than the minimum value it can handle. The third test case checks the system's ability to add very small decimal numbers together and get the correct result. The delta parameter is used to set the maximum difference between the expected and actual result.

**Testing the system with input that contains hexadecimal numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle hexadecimal numbers and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives the minimum or maximum value of hexadecimal numbers as input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    # Test case: Testing the system with input that contains hexadecimal numbers
    
    import unittest
    
    class TestHexadecimalString(unittest.TestCase):
        
        def test_uppercase_hexadecimal(self):
            hexadecimal_string = "ABCDE"
            response = system_function(hexadecimal_string)
            self.assertEqual(response, expected_output)
        
        def test_lowercase_hexadecimal(self):
            hexadecimal_string = "abcde"
            response = system_function(hexadecimal_string)
            self.assertEqual(response, expected_output)
        
        def test_mixedcase_hexadecimal(self):
            hexadecimal_string = "aBcDe"
            response = system_function(hexadecimal_string)
            self.assertEqual(response, expected_output)
        
        def test_minimum_value_hexadecimal(self):
            hexadecimal_string = "0000"
            response = system_function(hexadecimal_string)
            self.assertEqual(response, expected_output)
        
        def test_maximum_value_hexadecimal(self):
            hexadecimal_string = "FFFF"
            response = system_function(hexadecimal_string)
            self.assertEqual(response, expected_output)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

**Testing the system with input that contains octal numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle octal numbers and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives the minimum or maximum value of octal numbers as input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing octal number handling capability of the system
    
    # Importing necessary libraries
    import unittest
    
    # Defining the OctalTest class
    class OctalTest(unittest.TestCase):
    
        # Testing if the system can handle input with octal numbers properly
        def test_octal_input(self):
            # Test Cases
            # 1. Valid octal number input
            self.assertEqual(int('34', 8), 28)
            # 2. Invalid octal number input - should raise ValueError
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '89', 8)
            # 3. Empty input string - should raise ValueError
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '', 8)
            # 4. Mixed input - should raise ValueError
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, int, '34hj', 8)
    
        # Testing for the minimum and maximum value of octal numbers as input
        def test_octal_limits(self):
            # Test Cases
            # 1. Minimum octal number input
            self.assertEqual(int('0', 8), 0)
            # 2. Maximum octal number input
            self.assertEqual(int('77777777', 8), 4294967295)
    
    # Running the test cases
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

**Testing the system with input that contains binary numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle binary numbers and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for when the system receives the minimum or maximum value of binary numbers as input data in different scenarios.

**Code**

    # Python code for the given test case
    
    # Initialize the input data
    input_data = ['0101', '1010', '1111111111111111', '0000000000000000']
    expected_output = ['5', '10', '65535', '0']
    
    # Loop through the input data
    for i in range(len(input_data)):
        # Convert the binary string to decimal integer
        decimal = int(input_data[i], 2)
        
        # Check if the decimal output is as expected
        if decimal == int(expected_output[i]):
            print("Test case", i+1, "passed")
        else:
            print("Test case", i+1, "failed")

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different number formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different number formats, such as decimal, octal, binary, and hexadecimal. This test case also ensures that the system can handle and process input data from various number systems regardless of the number system used.

**Code**

    def test_handle_number_formats():
        # Test data containing a mix of different number formats. 
        test_data = ["123", "0O77", "0b1101", "0x1F"]
        
        # Expected output in decimal format.
        expected_output = "Decimal: 123 Octal: 63 Binary: 110101 Hexadecimal: 31"
        
        # Verify system's ability to handle and process different number formats.
        output = "Decimal: " + str(int(test_data[0])) + " Octal: " + str(int(test_data[1], 8)) + " Binary: " + str(int(test_data[2], 2)) + " Hexadecimal: " + str(int(test_data[3], 16))
        
        assert output == expected_output, "Test failed."
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**Testing the system with input that contains only number:**

**Code**

    # Description: The purpose of this test case is to verify that the system can handle input that consists only of numbers. The input should be valid and the system should be able to process it correctly.
    
    # Here's one way to approach this test case in Python:
    
    # importing necessary modules
    import sys
    
    # defining the test input
    test_input = "123456"
    
    # validating the input
    try:
        int(test_input)
    except ValueError:
        print("Invalid input: input contains non-numeric characters")
        sys.exit()
    
    # processing the input
    # (in this case, simply printing it to the console)
    print("Test input:", test_input)
    
    # This code defines the test input as a string of numbers, and then attempts to convert it to an integer using 'int()'. If this conversion results in a 'ValueError' (i.e. the input contains non-numeric characters), the code prints an error message and exits the program using 'sys.exit()'. If the input is valid, the code proceeds to process it (in this case, just printing it to the console).
    
    # Of course, the specific code for processing the input will depend on the requirements of the software being tested. This code is meant to serve as a starting point for your test case.

**Testing the system with input that contains negative numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle negative numbers correctly. Negative numbers can have different handling rules or constraints than positive ones, so negative numbers are considered special in many systems.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing the system with input that contains negative numbers
    
    # First, let's define the function that we want to test
    def handle_negative_numbers(number):
        if number < 0:
            return "Negative number"
        else:
            return "Positive number"
    
    # Now let's write the test case that tests the function with negative input
    def test_handle_negative_numbers():
        assert handle_negative_numbers(-5) == "Negative number"
        assert handle_negative_numbers(-10) == "Negative number"
    
    # Run the test case
    test_handle_negative_numbers()
    
    # If the code runs without any errors, the function is working correctly

**Testing the system with input that contains floating point numbers:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle floating-point numbers correctly and behaves as expected. This also includes testing for the minimum or maximum value of floating-point numbers with a specific precision that the system can handle and process.

**Code**

    import unittest
    
    class TestFloat(unittest.TestCase):
        
        def test_float_min_max(self):
            self.assertAlmostEqual(float('-inf'), -1.0/0.0, delta=0.0001)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(float('inf'), 1.0/0.0, delta=0.0001)
        
        def test_float_precision(self):
            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(1.23), 1.23, delta=0.0001)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(1.23456789), 1.23456789, delta=0.000001)
            self.assertAlmostEqual(float(0.123456789), 0.123456789, delta=0.0000001)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different number systems:**

This test case allows you to test your system's ability to convert and process numbers written in different number systems, such as decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It would also test how the system would handle mixed number systems, such as a decimal number represented in binary or a binary number represented in hexadecimal.

**Code**

    # Test case: Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different number systems
    
    # Let's define a function that takes a string as input and returns the converted value
    def convert(number):
        # Determine the input number system
        if number.startswith('0b'):
            base = 2
        elif number.startswith('0o'):
            base = 8
        elif number.startswith('0x'):
            base = 16
        else:
            base = 10
        
        # Convert the input number to decimal
        decimal = int(number, base)
        
        # Determine the output number system based on the input format
        if number.isdigit():
            output_base = 10
        elif number.startswith('0b'):
            output_base = 2
        elif number.startswith('0o'):
            output_base = 8
        else:
            output_base = 16
        
        # Convert the decimal value to the output number system
        output_number = format(decimal, f'#{output_base}x' if output_base == 16 else f'#{output_base}b')
        
        return output_number
    
    # Now, let's test the function with different input numbers in different formats:
    test_cases = ['10', '0b10', '0o10', '0x10', '1010', '0b1010', '0o12', '0x2A']
    expected_results = ['10', '0b10', '0o2', '0x10', '0b1010', '0b1010', '0o12', '0x2A']
    
    for i, test_case in enumerate(test_cases):
        result = convert(test_case)
        expected_result = expected_results[i]
        
        assert result == expected_result, f'Test case {i+1} failed: {result} != {expected_result}'
    
    print('All test cases passed successfully!')

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different phone number formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different phone number formats, such as international, national, and local phone numbers, with or without country code or area code. It also ensures that the system can handle different ways of formatting phone numbers, such as using dashes and parentheses and process phone number-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Code for verifying the system's ability to handle different phone number formats
    
    import re
    
    def test_phone_numbers():
        phone_numbers = [
            "+1-(555)-123-4567",
            "555-123-4567",
            "(555)123-4567",
            "1-555-123-4567",
            "+44-20-7123-1234",
            "020 7123 1234",
            "+4915123456789",
            "015123456789",
            "123-4567",
            "+1-234-567-8901",
            "234-567-8901",
            "(234)567-8901",
            "1-234-567-8901",
            "+44-161-928-3424",
            "0161 928 3424",
            "442071231234",
        ]
        
        for pn in phone_numbers:
            if not handle_phone_number(pn):
                print(f"Failed for phone number: {pn}")
    
    
    def handle_phone_number(phone_number):
        # regular expression to match different phone number formats
        regex = r"^(?:(?:+?(?:(?:00|d{1,4})s*-?)(?:d{1,3}s*-?)?)?(?:(d{1,4})|d{1,4})s*-?)(?:d{1,4}s*-?){1,6}(?:d{1,4})$"
        
        # remove any non-digit characters from phone number
        clean_number = re.sub(r"D+", "", phone_number)
        
        # check if phone number matches the regular expression
        match = re.fullmatch(regex, clean_number)
        
        return bool(match)
    
    
    # run the test case
    test_phone_numbers()

## Testing Date and Time Formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different date and time formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process character encodings such as multiple date and time formats such as ISO 8601, UNIX timestamp, and US date format (MM/DD/YYYY). This test case also ensures that the system can adequately handle and process input from various date and time formats regardless of the format used.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    input_string = "2021-08-18T12:34:56Z, 1629308100, 08/18/2021"
    
    formats = ['%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ', '%s', '%m/%d/%Y']
    
    for fmt in formats:
        try:
            dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(input_string, fmt)
            print("Input string {} successfully parsed to datetime object: {}".format(input_string, dt))
            break
        except ValueError:
            pass
            
    if not dt:
        print("Input string could not be parsed by any format")

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different date and time formats:**

This test case includes a specific combination of date and time formats that may not be encountered while using the system. It would test the system's configuration for handling the date and time data correctly and parsing, displaying, and processing the date and time data in various formats, such as ISO 8601, RFC 2822, and US formats (MM/DD/YYYY, DD/MM/YYYY). This test case would benefit systems dealing with date and time data, such as a calendar, scheduler, or booking system.

**Code**

    Here's an example code for the test case you provided:
    
    import datetime
    
    # The input data with a mix of different date and time formats
    input_data = [
        '2021-05-25',
        'May 25, 2021',
        '25/05/2021',
        '2021-05-25T15:30:00Z',
        '2021-05-25T10:30:00-05:00',
        '05/25/2021',
        '25.05.2021 10:30:00',
        '20210525T153000'
    ]
    
    # A list of formats to try for parsing the input data
    date_formats = [
        '%Y-%m-%d',
        '%B %d, %Y',
        '%d/%m/%Y',
        '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ',
        '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z',
        '%m/%d/%Y',
        '%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S',
        '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S'
    ]
    
    # Test the system by parsing and displaying the input data in different formats
    for fmt in date_formats:
        print(f'Testing format: {fmt}')
        print('-' * 30)
        for data in input_data:
            try:
                date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(data, fmt)
                print(f'Parsed date from {data} with format {fmt}: {date_obj}')
                print(f'Formatted date as ISO 8601: {date_obj.isoformat()}')
                print(f'Formatted date as RFC 2822: {date_obj.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z")}')
                print(f'Formatted date as US format (MM/DD/YYYY): {date_obj.strftime("%m/%d/%Y")}')
                print(f'Formatted date as US format (DD/MM/YYYY): {date_obj.strftime("%d/%m/%Y")}')
                print()
            except ValueError:
                print(f'Could not parse {data} with format {fmt}
    ') 
    
    # Calculate the difference between two dates using timedelta
    date_str1 = '2021-05-25T10:30:00Z'
    date_str2 = '2021-05-26T10:30:00Z'
    date1 = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(date_str1)
    date2 = datetime.datetime.fromisoformat(date_str2)
    diff = date2 - date1
    print(f'The difference between {date_str1} and {date_str2} is: {diff}') 
    
    # Showing how timedelta can be formatted as a duration string
    days = diff.days
    hours, remainder = divmod(diff.seconds, 3600)
    minutes, seconds = divmod(remainder, 60)
    duration = f'{days} day(s), {hours} hour(s), {minutes} minute(s), {seconds} second(s)'
    print(f'The duration between {date_str1} and {date_str2} is: {duration}')

**Testing the system with input that contains date in different format:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing the date in different formats. It is also used to check if the system can process dates in various formats and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    # Test case data
    dates = [
        '2021-01-01',
        '01-01-2021',
        '20210101',
        'Jan 1, 2021',
        '1/1/21',
        'January 1, 2021'
    ]
    
    # Test case function
    def test_date_format():
        for date in dates:
            try:
                # Attempt to convert date string to datetime object using multiple formats
                date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d')
            except ValueError:
                try:
                    date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%m-%d-%Y')
                except ValueError:
                    try:
                        date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y%m%d')
                    except ValueError:
                        try:
                            date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%b %d, %Y')
                        except ValueError:
                            try:
                                date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%m/%d/%y')
                            except ValueError:
                                date_obj = None
                                
            # Check if date object was successfully created
            assert date_obj is not None, f'Error parsing date {date}'
            
            # Check if date object is correct
            assert date_obj.year == 2021, f'Incorrect year for date {date}'
            assert date_obj.month == 1, f'Incorrect month for date {date}'
            assert date_obj.day == 1, f'Incorrect day for date {date}'
            
    # Run the test case
    test_date_format()

**Testing the system with input that contains date in different timezone:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing the date in different time zones. It is also used to check if the system can process dates in various timezones and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    import datetime
    import pytz
    
    def test_date_time_zones():
        # Input data containing the date in different time zones
        input_dates = [
            ('2021-10-01 12:00:00', 'UTC'),
            ('2021-10-01 12:00:00', 'US/Eastern'),
            ('2021-10-01 12:00:00', 'US/Pacific')
        ]
        
        for date, timezone in input_dates:
            # Convert string date to datetime object
            date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
            
            # Set timezone
            timezone_obj = pytz.timezone(timezone)
            date_obj = timezone_obj.localize(date_obj)
            
            # Check if date is in expected timezone
            assert date_obj.tzinfo == timezone_obj
            
            # Check if system can process dates in different timezones
            date_str = date_obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z')
            assert date_str.startswith('2021-10-01 12:00:00')
            
        # Handle unexpected input data
        invalid_date = '2021-13-01 12:00:00'
        try:
            date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(invalid_date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
        except ValueError:
            assert True
        else:
            assert False
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**Testing the system with input that contains date in different calendar system:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing the date in different calendar systems. It is also used to check if the system can process dates in various calendar systems and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    # Input data with date in Gregorian calendar system
    gregorian_date = datetime.datetime(2021, 11, 12)
    
    # Input data with date in Julian calendar system
    julian_date = datetime.datetime.strptime('22/11/2021', '%d/%m/%Y')
    
    # Input data with date in Islamic calendar system
    islamic_date = datetime.datetime.strptime('15/03/1443', '%d/%m/%Y')
    
    # Input data with unexpected date format
    unexpected_date = '2021-11-12'
    
    # Test system's ability to process date in Gregorian calendar system
    assert gregorian_date.year == 2021
    assert gregorian_date.month == 11
    assert gregorian_date.day == 12
    
    # Test system's ability to process date in Julian calendar system
    assert julian_date.year == 2021
    assert julian_date.month == 11
    assert julian_date.day == 22
    
    # Test system's ability to process date in Islamic calendar system
    assert islamic_date.year == 2021
    assert islamic_date.month == 3
    assert islamic_date.day == 15
    
    # Test system's ability to handle unexpected input date format
    try:
        unexpected_date = datetime.datetime.strptime(unexpected_date, '%d/%m/%Y')
    except ValueError:
        pass
    else:
        assert False, "Unexpected date format not handled"

**Testing the system with input that contains date in different era:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing the date in different era. It is also used to check if the system can process dates in various eras and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    def test_era_dates():
        # List of dates in different era
        dates = ['2019-05-31', '2000-02-14', '1066-10-14', '1492-10-12', '1900-01-01']
        
        for date in dates:
            # Convert string date to datetime object
            date_obj = datetime.datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d')
            
            # Check if date is valid
            assert date_obj.year >= 1 and date_obj.year <= 9999
            
            # Check if date is before current date
            assert date_obj <= datetime.datetime.now()

**Testing the system with input that contains date in different leap year:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing the date in different leap years. It is also used to check if the system can process dates in various leap years and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    # Here's an example of how you could generate code in Python for this test case:
    
    import datetime
    
    # Define a list of dates in different leap years
    leap_years = [datetime.date(2000, 2, 29), datetime.date(2004, 2, 29), datetime.date(2008, 2, 29)]
    
    def test_leap_years():
        # Loop through the list of dates and check if they are valid leap year dates
        for date in leap_years:
            assert datetime.datetime(date.year, 2, 29).date() == date
    
        # Test unexpected input data - in this case, passing in a string instead of a date object
        try:
            datetime.datetime.strptime("not a date", "%Y-%m-%d")
        except ValueError:
            pass  # expected ValueError
    
        # Add more unexpected input data tests here as needed
        
    test_leap_years()  # run the test case
    
    # This code defines a list of dates in different leap years and a function called 'test_leap_years()' which loops through the list of dates and checks if they are valid leap year dates. It also includes code to test unexpected input data, such as passing in a string instead of a date object.
    
    # To run the test case, simply call 'test_leap_years()' at the end of the script. The 'assert' statements will raise an error if the test fails, and the try-except block will catch any expected errors caused by unexpected input data. You can add more expected input tests as needed by modifying the 'test_leap_years()' function.

**Testing the system with input that contains time in different format:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different formats. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various formats and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**



    import unittest
    
    class TestTimeFormats(unittest.TestCase):
        
        def test_time_formats(self):
            valid_time_formats = ['hh:mm:ss', 'h:mm:ss', 'hh:m:ss', 'hh:mm:s', 'h:m:ss', 'hh:m:s', 'h:mm:s', 'h:m:s']
            invalid_time_formats = ['hh:mm:sss', 'hh:mm:', '12:30', '12:', '12:30:60']
            
            for time_format in valid_time_formats:
                time = '12:30:45'  # can be replaced with any valid time in the given format
                self.assertTrue(self.process_time(time_format, time), f"Failed for the format: {time_format}")
                
            for time_format in invalid_time_formats:
                time = 'invalid_time'  # can be replaced with any invalid time in the given format
                self.assertFalse(self.process_time(time_format, time), f"Failed for the format: {time_format}")
        
        
        def process_time(self, time_format, time):
            # code to process time in given format
            # returns True if time is processed successfully, False otherwise
            return True  # can be replaced with actual code to process time
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()

**Testing the system with input that contains time in different timezone:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different time zones. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various time zones and handle unexpected input data if there is any.

**Code**

    import datetime
    import pytz
    
    # Test Case
    def test_time_zones():
        # Input data containing time in different time zones
        time_zones = ['US/Eastern', 'Europe/London', 'Asia/Tokyo']
    
        for tz in time_zones:
            # Get current time in specified time zone
            loc_dt = datetime.datetime.now(pytz.timezone(tz))
            # Check if system can process time in various time zones
            assert isinstance(loc_dt, datetime.datetime)
            # Handle unexpected input data if there is any
            try:
                loc_dt = datetime.datetime.strptime('2019-01-01 00:00:00', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
            except Exception as e:
                assert False, "Unexpected error: " + str(e)

**Testing the system with input that contains time in different daylight saving:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different daylight savings. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various daylight savings and handle unexpected time related ambiguities correctly.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    def test_daylight_savings_time():
        # test for Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)
        eastern_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-5)))
        assert eastern_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 EDT-0400"
    
        # test for Central Daylight Time (CDT)
        central_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-6)))
        assert central_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 CDT-0500"
    
        # test for Mountain Daylight Time (MDT)
        mountain_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-7)))
        assert mountain_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 MDT-0600"
    
        # test for Pacific Daylight Time (PDT)
        pacific_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-8)))
        assert pacific_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 PDT-0700"
    
        # test for Alaska Daylight Time (AKDT)
        alaska_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-9)))
        assert alaska_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 AKDT-0800"
    
        # test for Hawaii-Aleutian Daylight Time (HDT)
        hawaii_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-10)))
        assert hawaii_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 HDT-0900"
    
        # test for Samoa Daylight Time (SDT)
        samoa_dtime = datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 8, 2, 30, tzinfo=datetime.timezone(datetime.timedelta(hours=-11)))
        assert samoa_dtime.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z") == "2020-03-08 02:30:00 SDT-1000"
        
    test_daylight_savings_time()

**Testing the system with input that contains time in different leap second:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different leap seconds. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various leap seconds and handle unexpected time related ambiguities correctly.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    def test_leap_seconds():
        input_data = [
            "2022-06-30 23:59:59.995",
            "2022-06-30 23:59:59.996",
            "2022-06-30 23:59:59.997",
            "2022-06-30 23:59:59.998",
            "2022-06-30 23:59:59.999",
            "2022-12-31 23:59:59.995",
            "2022-12-31 23:59:59.996",
            "2022-12-31 23:59:59.997",
            "2022-12-31 23:59:59.998",
            "2022-12-31 23:59:59.999"
        ]
        
        for dt in input_data:
            d = datetime.datetime.strptime(dt, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f")
            print(d.timestamp())
    
    test_leap_seconds()

**Testing the system with input that contains date and time in different timezone:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different daylight savings. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various daylight savings and handle unexpected time related ambiguities correctly.

**Code**

    Code in Python:
    
    import datetime
    import pytz
    
    def test_timezones():
        input_data = "2022-03-05 17:45:00"
        timezone_list = ["US/Pacific", "US/Mountain", "US/Central", "US/Eastern"]
        
        for timezone in timezone_list:
            timezone_obj = pytz.timezone(timezone)
            input_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(input_data, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
            input_datetime = timezone_obj.localize(input_datetime)
            utc_datetime = input_datetime.astimezone(pytz.utc)
            
            # perform tests on utc_datetime
            
            # example test
            assert utc_datetime.hour == 1 
            
    test_timezones()

**Testing the system with input that contains date and time in different calendar system:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing time in different calendar systems. It is also used to check if the system can process time in various calendar systems and handle unexpected time related ambiguities correctly.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    def test_calendar_systems():
        # Gregorian calendar date and time
        gregorian_date_time = datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11)
        assert gregorian_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'
        
        # Islamic calendar date and time
        islamic_date_time = datetime.datetime(1444, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2)
        assert islamic_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'
        
        # Persian calendar date and time
        persian_date_time = datetime.datetime(1401, 8, 20, 20, 20, 20)
        assert persian_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'
        
        # Julian calendar date and time
        julian_date_time = datetime.datetime(2022, 10, 29, 11, 11, 11)
        assert julian_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'
        
        # Chinese calendar date and time
        chinese_date_time = datetime.datetime(4719, 10, 28, 11, 11, 11)
        assert chinese_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'
        
        # Julian day date and time
        julian_day_date_time = datetime.datetime(2459586, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11)
        assert julian_day_date_time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') == '2022-11-11 11:11:11'

**Testing the system with input that contains date and time:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to test input data containing date and time. It is also used to check if the system can process input data with date and time and handle unexpected time related ambiguities correctly.

**Code**

    import datetime
    
    # Test case inputs
    date_input = "2021-10-12"
    time_input = "15:30:00"
    datetime_input = "2021-10-12 15:30:00"
    
    # Expected outputs
    expected_date_output = datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 12)
    expected_time_output = datetime.time(15, 30, 0)
    expected_datetime_output = datetime.datetime(2021, 10, 12, 15, 30, 0)
    
    # Test case
    system_date_output = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_input, "%Y-%m-%d").date()
    system_time_output = datetime.datetime.strptime(time_input, "%H:%M:%S").time()
    system_datetime_output = datetime.datetime.strptime(datetime_input, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    
    # Assertion
    assert system_date_output == expected_date_output, "Date inputs are not being processed correctly by the system"
    assert system_time_output == expected_time_output, "Time inputs are not being processed correctly by the system"
    assert system_datetime_output == expected_datetime_output, "Datetime inputs are not being processed correctly by the system"
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## Testing Address Formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different IP address formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different IP address formats, such as IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. It also includes testing different variations of the IP addresses, including with and without subnet masks, and verifying the system's ability to handle and process IP format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Code in Python for the given test case 
    
    import socket
    
    # List of input IP addresses with different formats and variations
    ip_addresses = ['192.168.0.1', '2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1', '2001:db8::567:8:1', 'fe80::1%eth0', '192.168.0.1/24','2001:db8::567:8:1/64', '2001:db8::567:8:1%eth0/64']
    
    # Loop through each IP address and verify if it is valid
    for ip in ip_addresses:
        try:
            # Check if the input IP address is valid
            socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET, ip)
            print("{} is a valid IPv4 address".format(ip))
        except socket.error:
            pass
        
        try:
            # Check if the input IP address is valid
            socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, ip)
            print("{} is a valid IPv6 address".format(ip))
        except socket.error:
            pass

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different MAC address formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different MAC address formats, such as standard (IEEE 802) MAC addresses and EUI-64 addresses. It also includes testing different variations of MAC addresses, such as those with and without separators (e.g., colons, dashes, etc.), and verifying the system's ability to handle and process MAC address format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    import re
      
    # List of sample MAC addresses in different formats
    mac_addresses = [
        "00:11:22:33:44:55",  # standard IEEE 802 format with colons
        "00-11-22-33-44-55",  # standard IEEE 802 format with dashes
        "0011.2233.4455",     # standard IEEE 802 format with dots
        "0001A2233445",       # EUI-48 format with a mix of letters and digits
        "0001A2-33-4455",     # EUI-48 format with a mix of letters, digits, and a separator
        "0001a2:3344-55",     # EUI-48 format with a mix of letters, digits, and multiple separators
        "0200000000000000FFFE223344",  # EUI-64 format with a mix of digits and letters
        "02-00-00-00-00-00-00-FF-FE-22-33-44",  # EUI-64 format with dashes and colons
        "0200:0000:0000:00FF:FE22:3344"        # EUI-64 format with colons and hex digits
    ]
    
    # Regular expression pattern for matching MAC address formats (IEEE 802 and EUI-48/64)
    mac_pattern = re.compile(r"^(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{2}[-:.]){5}[0-9a-fA-F]{2}$|^(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{4}.){2}[0-9a-fA-F]{4}$|^(?:[0-9a-fA-F]{12})$")
    
    # Test case
    for mac in mac_addresses:
        if mac_pattern.match(mac):
            print(f"{mac} is a valid MAC address")
        else:
            print(f"{mac} is not a valid MAC address")
    
    
    # The code starts by defining a list of sample MAC addresses in different formats. It then defines a regular expression pattern that can match all valid IEEE 802 and EUI-48/64 MAC address formats, with or without separators. The regular expression uses alternation ('|') to match three different formats:
    
    # The standard IEEE 802 format with colons, dashes, or dots as separators (e.g., '00:11:22:33:44:55', '00-11-22-33-44-55', '0011.2233.4455')
    # The EUI-48 format, which also allows a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters (e.g., '0001A2233445', '0001A2-33-4455', '0001a2:3344-55')
    # The EUI-64 format, which has a larger address space and uses a modified format with either 2 dashes or 6 colons, and a "FFFE" sequence in the middle to distinguish it from other MAC addresses (e.g., '0200000000000000FFFE223344', '02-00-00-00-00-00-00-FF-FE-22-33-44', '0200:0000:0000:00FF:FE22:3344')
    
    # Finally, the code tests each MAC address in the list against the regular expression pattern using the 'match()' method. If the regex pattern matches the MAC address, it is considered a valid address and the code prints a message saying so. Otherwise, the code prints a message saying that the MAC address is not valid.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different address formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different address formats, such as a street address, city, state, zip code, and country. It also ensures that the system can handle different ways of formatting addresses, such as using abbreviations and processing address-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Here is an example code for the provided test case in Python:
    
    # Import required libraries
    import unittest
    
    # Define a test class
    class AddressFormatTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    
      # Define test method
      def test_address_format(self):
        
        # Define input data
        input_address = "123 Main St, New York, NY 10001, USA"
        
        # Define expected output
        expected_output = {
          "street_address": "123 Main St",
          "city": "New York",
          "state": "NY",
          "zip_code": "10001",
          "country": "USA"
        }
        
        # Call function to parse address
        parsed_address = parse_address(input_address)
        
        # Check if output matches expected output
        self.assertEqual(parsed_address, expected_output)
    
    # Define a function to parse address
    def parse_address(raw_address):
      
      # Initialize dictionary to store parsed address components
      parsed_address = {}
      
      # Split raw address string into components
      address_components = raw_address.split(", ")
      
      # Parse street address
      parsed_address["street_address"] = address_components[0]
      
      # Parse city
      parsed_address["city"] = address_components[1]
      
      # Parse state
      parsed_address["state"] = address_components[2]
      
      # Parse zip code
      parsed_address["zip_code"] = address_components[3]
      
      # Parse country
      parsed_address["country"] = address_components[4]
      
      return parsed_address
    
    # Run tests
    if __name__ == "__main__":
      unittest.main()
    
    Note that this is a simple example and there are various ways to approach this test case depending on the specifics of the system being tested. Additionally, in practice, one would typically create multiple test cases and use a testing framework such as PyTest or Nose to manage and run the tests.

## Testing Media Formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different file formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different file formats, such as text files, image files, audio files, and video files. It also includes testing a mix of different file formats and verifying the system's ability to handle and process file format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing the system's ability to handle different file formats
    
    import os
    
    # Define a list of file formats to test
    file_formats = ['.txt', '.jpg', '.mp3', '.mp4']
    
    # Define a sample file for each format
    text_file = 'sample.txt'
    image_file = 'sample.jpg'
    audio_file = 'sample.mp3'
    video_file = 'sample.mp4'
    
    # Create a mix of files with different formats
    mix_files = []
    for i in range(len(file_formats)):
        for j in range(len(file_formats)):
            mix_files.append('mix_{}{}'.format(i, file_formats[j]))
    
    # Create the test files
    with open(text_file, 'w') as f:
        f.write('This is a text file')
    with open(image_file, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(b'PNG
    
    ')
    with open(audio_file, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(b'ÿûä¤ ')
    with open(video_file, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(b'gd')
    
    for file in mix_files:
        if file.endswith('.txt'):
            os.system('cp {} {}'.format(text_file, file))
        elif file.endswith('.jpg'):
            os.system('cp {} {}'.format(image_file, file))
        elif file.endswith('.mp3'):
            os.system('cp {} {}'.format(audio_file, file))
        elif file.endswith('.mp4'):
            os.system('cp {} {}'.format(video_file, file))
    
    # Verify the system's ability to handle the files
    for file in mix_files:
        with open(file, 'rb') as f:
            data = f.read()
            if file.endswith('.txt'):
                assert data == b'This is a text file'
            elif file.endswith('.jpg'):
                assert data.startswith(b'ÿØ')
            elif file.endswith('.mp3'):
                assert data.startswith(b'ÿû')
            elif file.endswith('.mp4'):
                assert data.startswith(b'')

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different image formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different image file types and formats, such as JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP, and TIFF. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to handle different image sizes, resolutions, color depth, and compression and process image format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    import os
    from PIL import Image
    
    # Define the list of image types to be tested
    image_types = ['jpg', 'png', 'gif', 'bmp', 'tiff']
    
    # Define the test images directory path
    test_images_dir = 'path/to/test/images/directory/'
    
    # Iterate through the test images directory and process each image
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(test_images_dir):
        for file in files:
            if file.lower().endswith(tuple(image_types)):
                # Load the image
                image_path = os.path.join(root, file)
                img = Image.open(image_path)
    
                # Verify image properties
                assert type(img).__name__ == 'JpegImageFile' or type(img).__name__ == 'PngImageFile' or type(img).__name__ == 'GifImageFile' or type(img).__name__ == 'BmpImageFile' or type(img).__name__ == 'TiffImageFile'
                assert img.size[0] > 0 and img.size[1] > 0
                assert img.mode in ['1', 'L', 'P', 'RGB', 'RGBA', 'CMYK', 'YCbCr', 'LAB', 'HSV']
                assert img.format.lower() in image_types
    
                # Verify image content
                pixels = img.load()
                for x in range(img.size[0]):
                    for y in range(img.size[1]):
                        pixel = pixels[x, y]
                        assert isinstance(pixel, tuple) and len(pixel) >= 3 and all(isinstance(component, int) and 0 <= component <= 255 for component in pixel)

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different audio formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different audio file types and formats, such as MP3, WAV, and FLAC. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to process proper playback, compatibility with different devices and software, and ability to convert between formats and handle audio format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    import os
    import subprocess
    
    def test_audio_formats(audio_folder):
        audio_files = os.listdir(audio_folder)
        for audio_file in audio_files:
            if audio_file.endswith(".mp3") or audio_file.endswith(".wav") or audio_file.endswith(".flac"):
                # Check if file exists
                if os.path.exists(os.path.join(audio_folder, audio_file)):
                    print(f"{audio_file} exists")
                    # Check file playback
                    subprocess.run(["afplay", os.path.join(audio_folder, audio_file)])
                else:
                    print(f"{audio_file} does not exist")
            else:
                print(f"{audio_file} is not a supported audio format")

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different video formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different video file types and formats, such as MP4, AVI, and MKV. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to process proper playback and compatibility with different devices and software. Also, how the system can handle video codecs, resolutions, bitrate, fps, aspect ratios, and other video format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    import os
    
    def test_video_file_handling():
        video_files = ["sample.mp4", "sample.avi", "sample.mkv"]
        for file in video_files:
            assert os.path.isfile(file), f"{file} not found"
            # Verify file type
            extension = os.path.splitext(file)[1]
            assert extension in ['.mp4', '.avi', '.mkv'], f"{extension} not supported"
            # Verify playback
            # Code to play video file and check for appropriate playback
            # Verify compatibility
            # Code to check if the video file plays on different devices and software
            # Verify codecs, resolutions, bitrate, fps, aspect ratio and other video format-related ambiguities
            # Code to check and verify the above parameters for the given video file
    
    test_video_file_handling()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different document formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different document types and formats, such as PDF, DOC, DOCX, TXT, and ODT. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to process proper rendering, compatibility with different devices and software, and ability to convert between formats. Also, how the system can handle password-protected documents, large files, different formatting styles, tables, images, and process other document format-related ambiguities..

**Code**

    # To test the system's ability to handle a mix of different document formats, you can write a Python script that does the following:
    
    # 1. Create a directory for the test files and copy a mix of different document types and formats into that directory, including PDF, DOC, DOCX, TXT, and ODT files.
    
    # 2. Add test cases for each file format, including opening the file, verifying the file's contents, and checking if the file can be rendered properly.
    
    # 3. Add test cases for password-protected documents and verify that the system can handle them.
    
    # 4. Add test cases for large files and verify that the system can process them efficiently.
    
    # 5. Add test cases for different formatting styles, tables, and images, and verify that the system can handle them and maintain the formatting.
    
    # 6. Add test cases for document conversion, and verify that the system can convert between different file formats without data loss or formatting errors.
    
    # Here is some sample Python code that you can use to get started with this test case:
    
    import os
    import unittest
    from docx import Document
    from pdfminer.high_level import extract_text
    from odf import text, teletype
    from zipfile import ZipFile
    
    
    class TestDocumentFormats(unittest.TestCase):
    
        @classmethod
        def setUpClass(cls):
            cls.test_files_dir = 'test_files'
            if not os.path.exists(cls.test_files_dir):
                os.makedirs(cls.test_files_dir)
    
            # Copy test files to the test directory
            # ...
    
        @classmethod
        def tearDownClass(cls):
            # Remove the test directory
            os.rmdir(cls.test_files_dir)
    
        def test_pdf(self):
            pdf_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.pdf')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(pdf_file))
            with open(pdf_file, 'rb') as f:
                text = extract_text(f)
            # Add tests for PDF content and rendering
            # ...
    
        def test_docx(self):
            docx_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.docx')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(docx_file))
            doc = Document(docx_file)
            # Add tests for DOCX content and rendering
            # ...
    
        def test_txt(self):
            txt_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.txt')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(txt_file))
            with open(txt_file, 'r') as f:
                text = f.read()
            # Add tests for TXT content and rendering
            # ...
    
        def test_odt(self):
            odt_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.odt')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(odt_file))
            with ZipFile(odt_file) as zip_file:
                with zip_file.open('content.xml') as content_file:
                    content = content_file.read()
                    odf_text = text.text(content)
                    plain_text = teletype.extractText(odf_text)
            # Add tests for ODT content and rendering
            # ...
    
        def test_password_protected_docx(self):
            password_protected_docx_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test_password_protected.docx')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(password_protected_docx_file))
            # Add tests for password-protected documents
            # ...
    
        def test_large_file(self):
            large_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test_large_file.pdf')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(large_file))
            # Add tests for large files
            # ...
    
        def test_formatting_styles(self):
            formatting_styles_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test_formatting_styles.docx')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(formatting_styles_file))
            doc = Document(formatting_styles_file)
            # Add tests for formatting styles, tables, and images
            # ...
    
        def test_document_conversion(self):
            docx_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.docx')
            pdf_file = os.path.join(self.test_files_dir, 'test.pdf')
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(docx_file))
            self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(pdf_file))
            # Add tests for document conversion
            # ...

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different compression formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different compression types and formats, such as ZIP, RAR, TAR, and GZIP. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to process proper decompression, its compatibility with different devices and software, and its use of different algorithms to compress and decompress files. Also, how the system can handle password-protected archives and large files and process other compression format-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Python code for test case: Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different compression formats
    
    import zipfile
    import rarfile
    import tarfile
    import gzip
    import os
    
    # Create compressed files
    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile('test_case.zip', 'w')
    zip_file.write('test.txt')
    zip_file.close()
    
    rar_file = rarfile.RarFile('test_case.rar', 'w')
    rar_file.write('test.txt')
    rar_file.close()
    
    tar_file = tarfile.open('test_case.tar', 'w')
    tar_file.add('test.txt')
    tar_file.close()
    
    with gzip.open('test_case.gz', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(open('test.txt', 'rb').read())
    
    # Test decompression of compressed files
    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile('test_case.zip', 'r')
    zip_file.extractall()
    zip_file.close()
    
    rar_file = rarfile.RarFile('test_case.rar', 'r')
    rar_file.extractall()
    rar_file.close()
    
    tar_file = tarfile.open('test_case.tar', 'r')
    tar_file.extractall()
    tar_file.close()
    
    with gzip.open('test_case.gz', 'rb') as f_in:
        with open('test_case.txt', 'wb') as f_out:
            f_out.write(f_in.read())
    
    # Test compatibility with different devices and software
    if os.path.isfile('test.txt'):
        os.remove('test.txt')
    
    if os.path.isfile('test_case.zip'):
        os.remove('test_case.zip')
    
    if os.path.isfile('test_case.rar'):
        os.remove('test_case.rar')
    
    if os.path.isfile('test_case.tar'):
        os.remove('test_case.tar')
    
    if os.path.isfile('test_case.txt'):
        os.remove('test_case.txt')
    
    # Test password-protected archives and large files
    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile('test_case.zip', 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
    zip_file.setpassword('password')
    zip_file.write('large_file.txt')
    zip_file.close()
    
    rar_file = rarfile.RarFile('test_case.rar', 'w', rarfile.RAR_5)
    rar_file.setpassword('password')
    rar_file.write('large_file.txt')
    rar_file.close()
    
    tar_file = tarfile.open('test_case.tar', 'w')
    tar_file.add('large_file.txt')
    tar_file.close()
    
    with gzip.open('large_file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f:
        f.write(open('large_file.txt', 'rb').read())
    
    # Process other compression format-related ambiguities
    zip_file = zipfile.ZipFile('test_case.zip', 'r')
    if 'large_file.txt' in zip_file.namelist():
        print('File extracted from ZIP archive')
    zip_file.close()
    
    rar_file = rarfile.RarFile('test_case.rar', 'r')
    if 'large_file.txt' in rar_file.namelist():
        print('File extracted from RAR archive')
    rar_file.close()
    
    tar_file = tarfile.open('test_case.tar', 'r')
    if 'large_file.txt' in [member.name for member in tar_file.getmembers()]:
        print('File extracted from TAR archive')
    tar_file.close()
    
    with gzip.open('large_file.txt.gz', 'rb') as f_in:
        with open('large_file.txt', 'wb') as f_out:
            f_out.write(f_in.read())

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different encryption formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different encryption types and formats, such as AES, RSA, and DES. It also includes evaluating the system's ability to process proper encryption and decryption, compatibility with different devices and software, and ability to encrypt and decrypt files using different key sizes and modes. Also, how the system can handle various key management options like key generation, key storage, key exchange, key rotation, etc., and process other encryption format-related ambiguities are also verified.

Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different authentication formats:

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different authentication types and formats, such as username and password, biometric authentication, and multi-factor authentication. It also includes testing edge cases where one of the authentication methods fails, how the system will handle the failure, and if it falls back to the second authentication method or denies the user access.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different authorization formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle different authorization types and formats, trying to access resources or perform actions that the user should not have permission to access, to ensure that the system properly enforces the authorization rules and prevents unauthorized access. It also includes testing edge cases if the user's role or group membership is changed. At the same time, they are logged in, how the system will handle the change, and if it immediately applies the new authorization rules or waits for the user to log in and in again.

**Code**

    # Python Code for Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different authorization formats
    
    # Import necessary libraries or modules
    
    # Define a function to test the different authorization formats
    def test_authorization_formats(authorization_formats):
        # Set up the system with the given authorization formats
        # ...
    
        # Try to access resources or perform actions that the user should not have permission to access
        # ...
    
        # Test if the system properly enforces the authorization rules and prevents unauthorized access    
        # ...
    
        # Test edge cases if the user's role or group membership is changed
        # ...
    
        # Test if the system properly handles the change if the user is logged in
        # ...
    
        # Test if the system immediately applies the new authorization rules or waits for the user to log in again
        # ...
    
        # Return the test results
        return test_results
    
    # Test the system with different authorization formats
    test_results = test_authorization_formats(["format_1", "format_2", "format_3", ...])
    
    # Print the test results
    print(test_results)

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different network protocols:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process input data from a wide range of security protocols by encrypting and decrypting data transmitted over the network. It also includes testing edge cases to see if the system can properly route the data transmitted over the network.

**Code**

    # Python code for the provided test case
    # Import necessary libraries
    import random
    from cryptography.fernet import Fernet
    import socket
    
    # Create a list of different network protocols
    protocols = ['TCP', 'UDP', 'IP', 'FTP', 'HTTP', 'SMTP', 'POP3']
    
    # Generate a random protocol using the protocols list
    protocol = random.choice(protocols)
    
    # Encrypt and decrypt data transmitted over the network
    key = Fernet.generate_key()
    cipher_suite = Fernet(key)
    
    # Generate a random message for testing purposes
    message = b'This is a test message'
    
    # Encrypt the message
    cipher_text = cipher_suite.encrypt(message)
    
    # Decrypt the message
    plain_text = cipher_suite.decrypt(cipher_text)
    
    # Test if the decrypted message is the same as the original message
    if message == plain_text:
        print('Encryption and decryption of message successful')
    
    # Test if the system can properly route the data transmitted over the network
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect(("www.google.com", 80))
    s.sendall(b"GET / HTTP/1.1
    Host: www.google.com
    
    ")
    data = s.recv(1024)
    s.close()
    
    # Print the received data
    print(repr(data))

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different file system formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process multiple file systems formats such as NTFS, FAT32, and ext4. It also includes testing edge cases such as if the file system gets corrupted or the system needs to read and write files from a file system it does not support natively, how the system will handle the interruption, and if it can recover the data or deny the access to the user.

**Code**

    # Here is an example code in Python for the given test case:
    
    import os
    
    # List of different file system formats
    file_systems = ['NTFS', 'FAT32', 'ext4']
    
    # Loop through each file system format
    for file_system in file_systems:
        # Create a file with random data
        file_name = f'test_file.{file_system.lower()}'
        with open(file_name, 'w') as f:
            f.write('This is test data.')
    
        # Simulate corruption of the file system
        if file_system == 'NTFS':
            # Corrupt the MFT entry for the test file
            os.system(f'fsutil repair set c:\{file_name} corrupted')
    
        elif file_system == 'FAT32':
            # Corrupt the FAT table entry for the test file
            os.system(f'fsutil repair set c:\{file_name}~1 corrupted')
    
        elif file_system == 'ext4':
            # Corrupt the superblock for the test file
            os.system(f'tune2fs -z c:\{file_name}')
    
        # Try to read the test file
        try:
            with open(file_name, 'r') as f:
                print(f.read())
    
        except Exception as e:
            print(f'Error reading test file: {str(e)}')
    
        # Try to write to the test file
        try:
            with open(file_name, 'a') as f:
                f.write('More test data.')
    
        except Exception as e:
            print(f'Error writing to test file: {str(e)}')
    
        # Delete the test file
        try:
            os.remove(file_name)
            print(f'Successfully deleted test file {file_name}.')
    
        except Exception as e:
            print(f'Error deleting test file: {str(e)}')

## Testing Data Formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data storage formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process multiple file systems formats such as CSV, JSON, and XML. The test case would also involve reading, writing, and manipulating data on the system using all of these data storage formats.

**Code**

    import snowflake.connector as sf
    
    # Connect to Snowflake database
    conn = sf.connect(
        user='your_username',
        password='your_password',
        account='your_account',
        warehouse='your_warehouse',
        database='your_database',
        schema='your_schema'
    )
    
    # Define test data with multiple data types
    test_data = [
        (1, 'John', 'Doe', 27, True),
        (2, 'Jane', 'Doe', 32, False),
        (3, 'Bob', 'Smith', 45, True),
        (4, 'Alice', 'Green', 18, False)
    ]
    
    # Load test data into Snowflake database
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute('CREATE TABLE test_data (id INTEGER, first_name VARCHAR, last_name VARCHAR, age INTEGER, is_active BOOLEAN)')
        cur.executemany('INSERT INTO test_data VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', test_data)
    
    # Verify data loading and transformation process
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute('SELECT * FROM test_data')
        result_set = cur.fetchall()
        
        for row in result_set:
            print(row)
    
    # Close Snowflake database connection
    conn.close()

**Testing the system with input that is a combination of multiple data types:**

This test case ensures the system's ability to handle adequately and process multiple types of data. By testing the data loading and transformation process, you can conclude how Snowflake would handle the data conversions from one type to another and any errors that may arise during the process.

**Code**

    import snowflake.connector as sf
    
    # Connect to Snowflake database
    conn = sf.connect(
        user='your_username',
        password='your_password',
        account='your_account',
        warehouse='your_warehouse',
        database='your_database',
        schema='your_schema'
    )
    
    # Define test data with multiple data types
    test_data = [
        (1, 'John', 'Doe', 27, True),
        (2, 'Jane', 'Doe', 32, False),
        (3, 'Bob', 'Smith', 45, True),
        (4, 'Alice', 'Green', 18, False)
    ]
    
    # Load test data into Snowflake database
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute('CREATE TABLE test_data (id INTEGER, first_name VARCHAR, last_name VARCHAR, age INTEGER, is_active BOOLEAN)')
        cur.executemany('INSERT INTO test_data VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', test_data)
    
    # Verify data loading and transformation process
    with conn.cursor() as cur:
        cur.execute('SELECT * FROM test_data')
        result_set = cur.fetchall()
        
        for row in result_set:
            print(row)
    
    # Close Snowflake database connection
    conn.close()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data structures:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different types of data structures, such as arrays, linked lists, trees, and graphs. This test case also ensures that the system can handle and process input data from various sources regardless of the data structure used.

**Code**

    Code in Python:
    
    # Importing libraries
    import array
    import linkedList
    import tree
    import graph
    
    # Defining test data
    test_array = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3])
    test_linked_list = linkedList.LinkedList()
    test_linked_list.add_node(1)
    test_linked_list.add_node(2)
    test_linked_list.add_node(3)
    test_tree = tree.Tree()
    test_tree.add_node(1)
    test_tree.add_node(2)
    test_tree.add_node(3)
    test_graph = graph.Graph()
    test_graph.add_edge(1, 2)
    test_graph.add_edge(2, 3)
    test_graph.add_edge(3, 1)
    
    # Integration test
    def test_data_structure_integration():
      assert len(test_array) == 3
      assert test_linked_list.get_length() == 3
      assert test_tree.get_num_nodes() == 3
      assert test_graph.get_num_vertices() == 3
    
    # Run test
    test_data_structure_integration()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data formats:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different types of data structures, such as text, images, audio, and video. This test case also ensures that the system can handle and process input data from various sources regardless of the data format used.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data formats
    
    import os
    import numpy as np
    import cv2
    import soundfile as sf
    
    # Test data for text
    text = "This is a test text."
    
    # Test data for image
    img = cv2.imread("test_image.jpg")
    
    # Test data for audio
    audio, sample_rate = sf.read("test_audio.wav")
    
    # Test data for video
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture("test_video.mp4")
    
    # Verify system's ability to handle text data
    if isinstance(text, str):
        print("System can handle text data.")
    
    # Verify system's ability to handle image data
    if isinstance(img, np.ndarray):
        print("System can handle image data.")
    
    # Verify system's ability to handle audio data
    if isinstance(audio, np.ndarray) and isinstance(sample_rate, (int, float)):
        print("System can handle audio data.")
        
    # Verify system's ability to handle video data
    if cap.isOpened():
        print("System can handle video data.")
    
    # Close video capture
    cap.release()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data compression techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process multiple methods, such as gzip, bzip2, and LZMA, to ensure that the system can adequately decompress all different types of compression. This test case also ensures that the system can identify potential issues or bugs using various compression techniques.

**Code**

    # Here is the code in Python for the given test case:
    
    import os
    import gzip
    import bz2
    import lzma
    
    # Set the input file path containing data in different compression techniques
    input_path = '/path/to/input/file'
    
    # List of available compression techniques
    compression_methods = ['gzip', 'bzip2', 'lzma']
    
    # Iterate over each file in the input directory
    for file_name in os.listdir(input_path):
        # Get the compression technique used in the file
        compression_method = file_name.split('.')[-1]
        if compression_method not in compression_methods:
            continue
    
        # Decompress the file using the appropriate method
        with open(os.path.join(input_path, file_name), 'rb') as f:
            if compression_method == 'gzip':
                decompressed_data = gzip.decompress(f.read())
            elif compression_method == 'bzip2':
                decompressed_data = bz2.decompress(f.read())
            elif compression_method == 'lzma':
                decompressed_data = lzma.decompress(f.read())
            else:
                raise ValueError('Invalid compression method: {}'.format(compression_method))
    
        # Run any tests to ensure data integrity
        # ...
    
        # Print the decompressed data
        print(decompressed_data)
    
    # Run any additional tests across all decompressed data
    # ...

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data encryption techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data encryption techniques, such as AES and RSA, that have been encrypted using multiple methods. This test case also ensures that the data remains secure and can be properly decrypted.

**Code**

    # Here is the code to test the system's ability to handle and process data encryption techniques:
    
    import random
    import string
    import hashlib
    from Crypto.Cipher import AES, PKCS1_OAEP
    from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
    
    # Generate random input data
    plaintext = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=32))
    
    # Encrypt plaintext using 2 different encryption techniques
    aes_key = hashlib.sha256('secretkey'.encode()).digest()[:16]
    iv = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=16)).encode()
    cipher = AES.new(aes_key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
    ciphertext_aes = cipher.encrypt(plaintext.encode())
    
    rsa_key = RSA.generate(2048)
    cipher_rsa = PKCS1_OAEP.new(rsa_key)
    ciphertext_rsa = cipher_rsa.encrypt(plaintext.encode())
    
    # Mix encrypted data together
    mixed_data = [ciphertext_aes, ciphertext_rsa]
    random.shuffle(mixed_data)
    
    # Decrypt mixed data using appropriate decryption technique
    decrypted_data = []
    for data in mixed_data:
        try:
            # Try to decrypt using AES
            cipher = AES.new(aes_key, AES.MODE_CBC, iv)
            decrypted_data.append(cipher.decrypt(data).decode())
        except ValueError:
            # If not AES, try to decrypt using RSA
            decrypted_data.append(cipher_rsa.decrypt(data).decode())
    
    # Verify decrypted data is same as original plaintext
    assert decrypted_data[0] == decrypted_data[1] == plaintext
    
    print("Test case passed!")
    
    
    # This code generates a random plaintext and encrypts it using both AES and RSA encryption techniques. It then mixes the encrypted data together and randomly shuffles it. The code then attempts to decrypt the mixed data using the appropriate decryption technique (AES or RSA) and verifies that the decrypted data matches the original plaintext. If the test case passes, it prints "Test case passed!" to the console.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data authentication techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data authentication techniques, such as HMAC and digital signature, that have been signed using multiple methods. This test case also ensures that the system is not vulnerable to any replay or man-in-the-middle attacks.

**Code**

    # Python code for testing data authentication techniques
    
    import hashlib
    import hmac
    import base64
    
    # Sample data for testing
    data = b"Hello World"
    
    # Creating HMAC signature using sha256 hash function
    key = b'my_secret_key'
    hashfunction = hashlib.sha256
    signature = hmac.new(key, data, hashfunction).digest()
    print('HMAC Signature:', signature)
    
    # Creating Digital Signature using sha256 hash function and RSA
    from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
    from Crypto.Signature import pkcs1_15
    from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
    
    # Generating key pair for RSA
    key = RSA.generate(2048)
    
    # Signing the data with private key
    hash_obj = SHA256.new(data)
    signature_obj = pkcs1_15.new(key)
    signature = signature_obj.sign(hash_obj)
    
    # Verifying the signature with public key
    verifier_obj = pkcs1_15.new(key.publickey())
    verifier_obj.verify(hash_obj, signature)
    
    print('Digital Signature:', signature)
    
    # Encoding and decoding with base64
    encoded_data = base64.b64encode(data)
    print('Encoded Data:', encoded_data)
    decoded_data = base64.b64decode(encoded_data)
    print('Decoded Data:', decoded_data)

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data authorization techniques:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data authorization techniques, such as role-based access control (RBAC) and attribute-based access control (ABAC). This test case also ensures that the system is not vulnerable to any unauthorized access or privilege escalation attacks.

**Code**

    #Python code for Data Authorization Test Case
    
    #Import necessary libraries
    import os
    import random
    
    #Define test data containing mix of different authorization techniques
    test_data = {
        'user_1': {
            'name': 'John',
            'role': 'admin',
            'permissions': ['edit_users', 'delete_users', 'create_user']
        },
        'user_2': {
            'name': 'Peter',
            'role': 'manager',
            'permissions': ['edit_users', 'create_user']
        },
        'user_3': {
            'name': 'Mary',
            'role': 'user',
            'permissions': ['create_user']
        },
        'user_4': {
            'name': 'Sarah',
            'role': 'guest',
            'permissions': []
        }
    }
    
    #Define RBAC and ABAC methods
    def rbac_authorization(user, permission):
        if user['role'] == 'admin':
            return True
        elif user['role'] == 'manager':
            if permission == 'create_user':
                return False
            else:
                return True
        elif user['role'] == 'user':
            if permission == 'edit_users' or permission == 'delete_users':
                return False
            else:
                return True
        else:
            return False
    
    def abac_authorization(user, permission):
        if permission in user['permissions']:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    
    #Test RBAC authorization
    def test_rbac_authorization():
        for user in test_data:
            for permission in test_data[user]['permissions']:
                assert rbac_authorization(test_data[user], permission) == True
    
    #Test ABAC authorization
    def test_abac_authorization():
        for user in test_data:
            for permission in test_data[user]['permissions']:
                assert abac_authorization(test_data[user], permission) == True
    
    #Test system for unauthorized access or privilege escalation attacks
    def test_system_security():
        #Attempt to access unauthorized permission
        for user in test_data:
            for permission in ['edit_users', 'delete_users']:
                assert rbac_authorization(test_data[user], permission) == False
                assert abac_authorization(test_data[user], permission) == False
                
        #Attempt to escalate privileges
        for user in test_data:
            random_permission = random.choice(test_data[user]['permissions'])
            assert rbac_authorization(test_data[user], random_permission) == True
            assert abac_authorization(test_data[user], random_permission) == True
    
    #Run tests
    test_rbac_authorization()
    test_abac_authorization()
    test_system_security()
    
    #Print test results
    print('All tests passed! System is secure and can handle different data authorization techniques.')

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data network protocols:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data network protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and HTTP, transmitted using multiple protocols. This test case also ensures that the system is compatible with different types of networks and can work effectively in a mixed environment.

**Code**

    Possible code in Python for the test case is:
    
    import socket
    
    # Set up a TCP server and client
    tcp_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_server.bind(('localhost', 0))
    tcp_server.listen(1)
    tcp_client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    tcp_client.connect(('localhost', tcp_server.getsockname()[1]))
    # Send and receive some data using TCP
    tcp_client.send(b'Test data over TCP')
    tcp_server_connection, tcp_server_address = tcp_server.accept()
    tcp_received_data = tcp_server_connection.recv(1024)
    # Close the TCP connection
    tcp_server_connection.close()
    tcp_client.close()
    tcp_server.close()
    
    # Set up a UDP server and client
    udp_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    udp_server.bind(('localhost', 0))
    udp_client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    udp_client.sendto(b'Test data over UDP', ('localhost', udp_server.getsockname()[1]))
    # Receive some data using UDP
    udp_received_data, udp_received_address = udp_server.recvfrom(1024)
    # Close the UDP connection
    udp_client.close()
    udp_server.close()
    
    # Set up an HTTP server and client
    http_server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    http_server.bind(('localhost', 0))
    http_server.listen(1)
    http_client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    http_client.connect(('localhost', http_server.getsockname()[1]))
    # Send an HTTP request and receive an HTTP response
    http_client.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1
    Host: localhost
    
    ')
    http_server_connection, http_server_address = http_server.accept()
    http_received_data = http_server_connection.recv(1024)
    # Close the HTTP connection
    http_server_connection.close()
    http_client.close()
    http_server.close()
    
    # Print the received data from all protocols
    print('Received data over TCP:', tcp_received_data)
    print('Received data over UDP:', udp_received_data)
    print('Received data over HTTP:', http_received_data)

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data storage techniques:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data storage techniques, such as relational databases, NoSQL databases, and file systems. This test case also ensures data integrity, consistency, and availability.

**Code**

    
    
    # Here is a sample code in Python:
    
    # Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data storage techniques
    
    import sqlite3
    from pymongo import MongoClient
    import os
    
    # Establish connection to relational database
    conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
    
    # Create a table in the database
    c = conn.cursor()
    c.execute('''CREATE TABLE stocks
                 (date text, trans text, symbol text, qty real, price real)''')
    conn.commit()
    
    # Populate the table with test data
    c.execute("INSERT INTO stocks VALUES ('2006-01-05', 'BUY', 'RHAT', 100, 35.14)")
    conn.commit()
    
    # Close the connection to the relational database
    conn.close()
    
    # Establish connection to NoSQL database
    client = MongoClient()
    db = client.test_database
    
    # Create a collection in the database
    collection = db.test_collection
    
    # Populate the collection with test data
    post = {"author": "Mike",
            "text": "My first blog post",
            "tags": ["mongodb", "python", "pymongo"]}
    post_id = collection.insert_one(post).inserted_id
    
    # Close the connection to the NoSQL database
    client.close()
    
    # Save data to file system
    with open('example.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write('This is an example file
    ')
    
    # Check data integrity, consistency, and availability
    assert os.path.isfile('example.txt')
    assert post_id is not None
    
    print('Test case passed successfully')

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data transfer protocols:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data transfer protocols, such as FTP, SFTP, and HTTPS. This test case also ensures that the system can transfer data securely and efficiently in a mixed environment and ensure data integrity, consistency, and availability during the transfer process.

**Code**

    import ftplib
    import pysftp
    import requests
    
    # FTP transfer test
    def test_ftp_transfer():
        ftp = ftplib.FTP('ftp.example.com')
        ftp.login('user', 'password')
        with open('localfile.txt', 'rb') as f:
            ftp.storbinary('STOR /path/to/remote/file', f)
        ftp.quit()
    
    # SFTP transfer test
    def test_sftp_transfer():
        with pysftp.Connection('sftp.example.com', username='user', password='password') as sftp:
            with sftp.cd('/path/to/remote'):
                sftp.put('localfile.txt')
    
    # HTTPS transfer test
    def test_https_transfer():
        r = requests.post('https://example.com/upload', files={'file': open('localfile.txt', 'rb')})
        assert r.status_code == 200
    
    # Run all transfer tests
    def test_data_transfer():
        test_ftp_transfer()
        test_sftp_transfer()
        test_https_transfer()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data backup techniques:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data backup techniques, such as incremental backups, full backups, and cloud-based backups. This test case also ensures that the system data is adequately backed up and can be restored in case of any failure or disaster.

**Code**

    # Here is sample code in Python for the given test case:
    
    # Import required modules
    import os
    import shutil
    
    # Define backup directories
    source_dir = "/path/to/source/dir"
    backup_dir = "/path/to/backup/dir"
    
    # Define backup types
    backup_types = {"full": ["*.txt", "*.pdf", "*.docx"],
                    "incremental": ["*.xls", "*.ppt"],
                    "cloud": []}
    
    # Function to perform full backup
    def perform_full_backup():
        # Iterate through all backup types
        for backup_type in backup_types["full"]:
            # Copy files from source directory to backup directory
            shutil.copy(source_dir + "/" + backup_type, backup_dir)
    
    # Function to perform incremental backup
    def perform_incremental_backup():
        # Iterate through all backup types
        for backup_type in backup_types["incremental"]:
            # Get all files in source directory
            files = os.listdir(source_dir)
            # If files found, copy the latest file to backup directory
            if files:
                files.sort(key=lambda x: os.path.getmtime(source_dir + "/" + x))
                latest_file = files[-1]
                shutil.copy(source_dir + "/" + latest_file, backup_dir)
    
    # Function to perform cloud backup
    def perform_cloud_backup():
        # Iterate through all backup types
        for backup_type in backup_types["cloud"]:
            # Upload files to cloud backup service
            pass # Replace with code to upload files to cloud backup service
    
    # Function to test backup functionality
    def test_backup():
        # Perform full backup
        perform_full_backup()
        # Perform incremental backup
        perform_incremental_backup()
        # Perform cloud backup
        perform_cloud_backup()
        # Restore full backup
        # Replace with code to restore full backup
        # Verify restored files
        # Replace with code to verify restored files
    
    # Run backup test
    test_backup()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data recovery techniques:**

With the help of multiple methods, this test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process data backup techniques, such as point-in-time recovery, disaster recovery, and data replication. This test case also ensures that the system can work effectively in a mixed recovery environment and that the recovery process is fast, efficient, and reliable.

**Code**

    # Approach for creating this test case using Python. 
    
    # 1. Define the different data recovery techniques that the system needs to handle, such as point-in-time recovery, disaster recovery, and data replication.
    
    # 2. Create test data that simulates a mixed recovery environment with a variety of data types and sizes.
    
    # 3. Implement methods to perform each of the data recovery techniques identified in step 1.
    
    # 4. Design tests to verify the system's ability to handle and process the different recovery techniques, as well as its performance in the mixed recovery environment. 
    
    # 5. Code the tests in Python, running the tests to verify that the system can effectively handle and process the various data recovery techniques and perform well in a mixed environment.
    
    # Here is an example test code in Python, focused on verifying the system's ability to handle point-in-time data recovery:
    
    import unittest
    
    class TestPointInTimeRecovery(unittest.TestCase):
        
        def test_point_in_time_recovery(self):
            
            # Simulate test data
            data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
            point_in_time = 2
            
            # Perform point-in-time recovery
            recovered_data = self.perform_point_in_time_recovery(data, point_in_time)
            
            # Verify recovered data matches expected results
            expected_data = [1, 2]
            self.assertEqual(recovered_data, expected_data)
            
        def perform_point_in_time_recovery(self, data, point_in_time):
            # TODO: Implement point-in-time recovery method
            pass
    
    
    # This code defines a test case for verifying the system's ability to perform point-in-time data recovery. It creates test data and calls the 'perform_point_in_time_recovery' method, which should return the data as it existed at the specified point in time. The test then verifies that the recovered data matches the expected results. 
    
    # To cover the other recovery techniques mentioned in the test case description, you would need to implement methods for each of them and create tests to verify their functionality.#

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data archiving techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different techniques, such as compression, encryption, and deduplication, to archive and retrieve a set of data. This test case also ensures that the system behaves when certain archive components are missing or corrupted.

**Code**

    # Python code for the given test case:
    
    # Import necessary libraries and modules
    import gzip
    import shutil
    import hashlib
    
    # Define a class for the archive testing
    class ArchiveTesting:
        
        # Define a method to create an archive with different techniques
        def create_archive(self, file_path):
            # Compression
            with open(file_path, 'rb') as f_in:
                with gzip.open(file_path + '.gz', 'wb') as f_out:
                    shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)
            # Encryption
            with open(file_path + '.gz', 'rb') as f_in:
                with open(file_path + '_encrypted', 'wb') as f_out:
                    # Define a secret key for encryption
                    key = b'secret_key'
                    while True:
                        chunk = f_in.read(1024)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        # Encrypt the chunk with AES algorithm
                        # using the secret key
                        enc_chunk = encrypt_aes(chunk, key)
                        # Write the encrypted chunk to the output file
                        f_out.write(enc_chunk)
            # Deduplication
            with open(file_path, 'rb') as f_in:
                with open(file_path + '_dedup', 'wb') as f_out:
                    # Define a hash table to check for duplicates
                    hash_table = {}
                    while True:
                        chunk = f_in.read(1024)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        # Calculate the SHA256 hash of the chunk
                        hash_value = hashlib.sha256(chunk).digest()
                        # If the hash value is not already in the hash table,
                        # write the chunk to the output file and add the hash value
                        # to the hash table
                        if hash_value not in hash_table:
                            f_out.write(chunk)
                            hash_table[hash_value] = True
        
        # Define a method to retrieve data from an archive with different techniques
        def retrieve_data(self, archive_path):
            # Deduplication
            with open(archive_path + '_dedup', 'rb') as f_in:
                with open(archive_path + '_dedup_retrieved', 'wb') as f_out:
                    # Define a hash table to check for duplicates
                    hash_table = {}
                    while True:
                        chunk = f_in.read(1024)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        # Calculate the SHA256 hash of the chunk
                        hash_value = hashlib.sha256(chunk).digest()
                        # If the hash value is not already in the hash table,
                        # write the chunk to the output file and add the hash value
                        # to the hash table
                        if hash_value not in hash_table:
                            f_out.write(chunk)
                            hash_table[hash_value] = True
            # Encryption
            with open(archive_path + '_dedup_retrieved', 'rb') as f_in:
                with open(archive_path + '_retrieved', 'wb') as f_out:
                    # Define a secret key for decryption
                    key = b'secret_key'
                    while True:
                        chunk = f_in.read(1024)
                        if not chunk:
                            break
                        # Decrypt the chunk with AES algorithm
                        # using the secret key
                        dec_chunk = decrypt_aes(chunk, key)
                        # Write the decrypted chunk to the output file
                        f_out.write(dec_chunk)
            # Decompression
            with gzip.open(archive_path + '_retrieved', 'rb') as f_in:
                with open(archive_path + '_retrieved_decompressed', 'wb') as f_out:
                    shutil.copyfileobj(f_in, f_out)
        
        # Define a method to corrupt an archive component
        def corrupt_archive(self, archive_path, component):
            # Component can be 'compression', 'encryption' or 'deduplication'
            if component == 'compression

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data indexing techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different indexing techniques, such as full-text search, inverted index, and columnar indexing, to index and retrieve a set of data using other indexing techniques. This test case is also used to check the system's performance, scalability, and robustness when dealing with a variety of indexing approaches.

**Code**

    
    # Here is an example of how the structured code for such a test case could look like:
    
    import my_database_module
    
    def test_indexing_techniques():
        # populate database with test data
        records = [
            {"id": 1, "title": "The quick brown fox", "content": "jumps over the lazy dog"},
            {"id": 2, "title": "Python is awesome", "content": "especially for testing"},
            {"id": 3, "title": "Indexing is key", "content": "to fast and accurate search"},
        ]
    
        my_database_module.populate_database(records)
    
        # define indexing and retrieval functions
        def test_full_text_search(query):
            expected_result = [r for r in records if query in r["title"] or query in r["content"]]
            actual_result = my_database_module.full_text_search(query)
            assert actual_result == expected_result
    
        def test_inverted_index(column, value):
            expected_result = [r for r in records if r[column] == value]
            actual_result = my_database_module.inverted_index(column, value)
            assert actual_result == expected_result
    
        def test_columnar_index(column, start, end):
            expected_result = [r for r in records if start <= r[column] <= end]
            actual_result = my_database_module.columnar_index(column, start, end)
            assert actual_result == expected_result
    
        # write test cases
        test_full_text_search("brown")
        test_inverted_index("title", "The quick brown fox")
        test_columnar_index("id", 2, 3)
        test_full_text_search("testing")
        test_inverted_index("content", "jump over the lazy dog")
    
        # use testing framework to run test cases
        # example using pytest:
        # 'pytest -v test_indexing_techniques.py'
    
    
    # Note that this is only a skeleton of the code and is not meant to be complete or functional for any specific system. You would need to adapt it to your specific needs and requirements.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data sorting techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different sorting techniques, such as quicksort, merge sort, and radix sort, to sort and return a set of data using those techniques. This test case also checks the system's ability to handle data types such as numerical, alphabetic, or special characters.

**Code**

    # Here's an example code in Python based on the provided test case:
    
    # import required modules
    import random
    
    # define test data to sort
    data = []
    for i in range(10):
        # randomly generate a mix of numerical, alphabetic, and special characters
        data.append(random.choice([random.randint(0, 9), 
                                    chr(random.randint(97, 122)), 
                                    chr(random.randint(33, 47))]))
    
    # define sorting techniques to test
    sorting_techniques = ['quicksort', 'mergesort', 'radixsort']
    
    # test each sorting technique on the data
    for technique in sorting_techniques:
        # copy the original data to avoid sorting in place
        unsorted_data = data.copy()
        # sort the data using the current technique
        if technique == 'quicksort':
            sorted_data = sorted(unsorted_data)
        elif technique == 'mergesort':
            sorted_data = sorted(unsorted_data, key=str)
        elif technique == 'radixsort':
            sorted_data = sorted(unsorted_data, key=lambda x: int(x) if x.isdigit() else ord(x))
        # print the results and compare with the expected result
        print(f"Sorting with {technique}:
    Original Data: {unsorted_data}
    Sorted Data:   {sorted_data}")
        assert sorted_data == sorted(unsorted_data)

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data aggregation techniques:**

This test case verifies the system's ability to handle and process different aggregation techniques, such as sum, count, and average, to aggregate and return data using those techniques. This test case also checks the system's ability to handle data types, such as numerical, date, or categorical data, missing data, and null values in the aggregated data.

**Code**

    
    # Sample input data
    data = {
        'numerical': [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 6, 7, 8], 
        'date': ['2021-01-01', '2021-02-01', None, '2021-04-01', '2021-05-01', '2021-06-01', '2021-07-01', '2021-08-01'], 
        'categorical': ['A', 'B', 'C', None, 'B', 'A', 'C', 'B']
    }
    
    # Test case: Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different data aggregation techniques
    def test_aggregation():
        # Testing with sum aggregation technique for numerical data
        assert sum(data['numerical']) == 31, "Sum aggregation test failed"
        
        # Testing with count aggregation technique for date data
        assert len(data['date']) == 8, "Count aggregation test failed"
        
        # Testing with average aggregation technique for numerical data
        numerical_avg = sum(data['numerical']) / len(data['numerical'])
        assert numerical_avg == 4, "Average aggregation test failed"
        
        # Testing the system's ability to handle missing data and null values in the aggregated data
        assert None in data['numerical'], "Missing data test failed"
        assert None in data['date'], "Missing data test failed"
        assert None in data['categorical'], "Missing data test failed"
        
        # Testing with categorical data aggregation
        categorical_counts = {}
        for category in set(data['categorical']):
            categorical_counts[category] = data['categorical'].count(category)
        assert categorical_counts == {'A': 2, 'B': 3, 'C': 2, None: 1}, "Categorical aggregation test failed"
    
    test_aggregation()

## Bonus Snowflake Test Cases

**Testing the system with extremely long input values:**

Testing the system with highly long input values test case aims at not crashing or causing other issues while verifying the system's ability to handle large sums of input data. This test case also helps identify the limitations or performance issues in handling extensive input data.

It is necessary to provide the system with input values exceeding the maximum length or size it is designed to handle to trigger this test case. This can include highly long strings, large numbers, large arrays, or other data types expected to be processed by the system.

**Code**

    # Define a test function
    def test_long_input():
        # Create a very long input string
        long_input = 'a' * 1000000
        
        # Call the system function with the long input
        system_output = system_function(long_input)
        
        # Check if the system output is correct
        expected_output = 'expected output'
        assert system_output == expected_output, 'System did not handle long input properly'
    
    # Define the system function being tested
    def system_function(input_string):
        # Process the input string
        processed_string = input_string.lower()
        
        # Return the processed string
        return processed_string
    
    # Run the test
    test_long_input()

**Testing the system with input that contains multiple spaces between words:**

This test case is implemented to check whether the system can and how it handles input containing multiple spaces between the words. This test case comes in handy while identifying data validation or handling multiple space issues.

Many systems automatically remove or ignore multiple spaces between words, while others may treat them as errors or unexpected input. Ensuring that the test case implementation causes no security breaches is crucial. It will help identify how the system is designed to handle multiple spaces and whether it behaves as expected.

**Code**

    # Python code for the test case: Testing the system with input that contains multiple spaces between words
    
    def test_input_with_multiple_spaces():
        # Define input string with multiple spaces
        input_string = "Hello      world! How     are    you?"
    
        # Remove extra spaces from the input string
        input_string = " ".join(input_string.split())
    
        # Check if the input string has only one space between each word
        assert "Hello world! How are you?" == input_string, "Error: Input string has multiple spaces between words."

**Testing the system with input that is case-sensitive:**

This test case of Snowflake testing involves testing the system with input data being case-sensitive. This includes the data can be in lowercase letters or uppercase letters.

**Code**

    # Example test case for case-sensitive input testing
    
    # Input data in uppercase
    input_data_upper = "SNOWFLAKE"
    # Input data in lowercase
    input_data_lower = "snowflake"
    # Expected output
    expected_output = "Snowflake"
    
    # Test case function
    def test_case_case_sensitive_input():
        # Test for uppercase input
        result_upper = your_system_function(input_data_upper)
        assert result_upper == expected_output, f"Failed for input: {input_data_upper}"
        
        # Test for lowercase input
        result_lower = your_system_function(input_data_lower)
        assert result_lower == expected_output, f"Failed for input: {input_data_lower}"
    
    # Call the test case function
    test_case_case_sensitive_input()
    
    
    # Make sure to replace 'your_system_function' with the function or method that you are testing in your own context. The 'assert' statements compare the actual result from the system to the expected output, and will raise an AssertionError if they are not equal. If both tests pass, the function will exit without errors.

**Testing the system with input that contains leading and trailing spaces:**

In this test case, leading and trailing spaces in the input data are not eliminated automatically and are considered a part of the string. As leading and trailing spaces might affect the query results, it is crucial to consider them while querying the data in Snowflake.

**Code**

    # Here is a sample code in Python for testing the system with input that contains leading and trailing spaces:
    
    import snowflake.connector
    
    # establish Snowflake connection
    connection = snowflake.connector.connect(
         user='<user_name>',
         password='<password>',
         account='<account_name>'
         )
    
    # execute a query with leading and trailing spaces
    query = "SELECT * FROM my_table WHERE my_col = '  my_value  '"
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute(query)
    
    # display query results
    results = cursor.fetchall()
    for row in results:
         print(row)
    
    # close Snowflake connection
    connection.close()
    
    
    # In this code, we establish a Snowflake connection using the 'snowflake.connector' library in Python. We then execute a query that includes leading and trailing spaces in the filter condition. Finally, we display the query results and close the Snowflake connection. This code tests the system's ability to handle input with leading and trailing spaces, and ensures that those spaces are not automatically eliminated by the system.

**Testing the system with input that is a combination of multiple languages:**

This test case of Snowflake testing involves testing the system with input data containing multiple languages and not a specific language. This is relevant for testers using different languages for writing their code.

**Code**

    # Here is the code in Python to test the system with input that is a combination of multiple languages:
    
    import requests
    
    url = "http://snowflake.com/input-data"
    
    payload = "Hello, こんにちは, Bonjour, مرحبا, 你好"
    
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'text/plain'
    }
    
    response = requests.post(url, headers=headers, data=payload.encode('utf-8'))
    
    if response.status_code == 200:
        print("Test Passed: System accepted input data containing multiple languages")
    else:
        print("Test Failed: System did not accept input data containing multiple languages")

**Testing the system with input that contains HTML or XML tags:**

This test case helps in testing if the system can adequately handle and process data that may include HTML or XML tags so that they don't cause any errors or unexpected behavior. Inserting the sample data containing HTML or XML tags and then running a query to retrieve this input data can help developers verify the system's ability to handle these tags.

**Code**

    
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
    
    # Sample input data containing HTML or XML tags
    input_data = "<root><name>John Doe</name><address><street>123 Main St</street><city>New York</city></address></root>"
    
    # Parsing the input data using ElementTree
    parsed_data = ET.fromstring(input_data)
    
    # Retrieving the values of name and city tags
    name = parsed_data.find('name').text
    city = parsed_data.find('address/city').text
    
    # Printing the output
    print("Name:", name)
    print("City:", city)
    
    
    # In this example, we are using the 'xml.etree.ElementTree' module to parse the input data that contains XML tags. We are retrieving the values of the 'name' and 'city' tags using the 'find()' function and then printing them as output.

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of alphabets with different encodings:**

This test case typically uses a specific combination of alphabets and encodings that is unlikely to be encountered while using the system. It aims to ensure the system's ability to handle any input data it may receive and identify and fix any bugs that may occur during the process.

**Code**

    # Here is the code in Python for the above-mentioned test case:
    
    input_string = "áàäçèéêïñôöùüÿ"
    encoded_string = input_string.encode(encoding="UTF-8", errors="strict")
    # Replace "UTF-8" with the encoding you want to test with.
    
    # Send the encoded string to the system and get the response.
    
    decoded_response = encoded_response.decode(encoding="UTF-8", errors="strict")
    # Replace "UTF-8" with the encoding used by the system to send the response.
    
    # Check if the decoded response matches the expected output.
    expected_output = "The system should be able to handle input with different encodings."
    assert decoded_response == expected_output, "Test case failed: system failed to handle input with different encodings."
    
    # Note:
    
    # - The input string in this test case contains a mix of alphabets with different encodings.
    # - The input string is encoded using the 'encode()' method with the 'UTF-8' encoding.
    # - The encoded string is sent to the system and the response is received and decoded using the 'decode()' method with the 'UTF-8' encoding.
    # - The expected output is compared with the decoded response using the 'assert' statement. If the assertion fails, the test case indicates that the system has failed to handle input with different encodings.

**Testing the system with input that is missing required fields:**

This test case is used to identify and fix any issues that may arise when the system is used with missing or incomplete fields, which can result in unexpected behavior or errors.

**Code**

    # Assuming the system requires two fields, "username" and "password", here is an example code in Python for testing the system with missing required fields:
    
    def test_missing_required_fields():
        # Test with missing username
        response = system_login(password="testpass")
        assert response == "Username is required."
    
        # Test with missing password
        response = system_login(username="testuser")
        assert response == "Password is required."
    
        # Test with both fields missing
        response = system_login()
        assert response == "Username and password are required."
    
    
    def system_login(username=None, password=None):
        if not username and not password:
            return "Username and password are required."
        elif not username:
            return "Username is required."
        elif not password:
            return "Password is required."
        else:
            # Call system login function here
            # Return login response or error message
    
    # You can modify the code according to the required fields and login function of your system. This is just an example for testing the input validation with missing fields.

**Testing the system with input that contains duplicate fields:**

This test case is used to identify and fix any issues that may arise when the system is used with duplicate fields, which can result in unexpected behavior or errors.

**Code**

    Assuming you have a system that accepts input in the form of dictionary objects with string keys and values, here's some code that demonstrates testing the system with input that contains duplicate fields:
    
    '''python
    def test_system_with_duplicate_fields():
        # The system accepts input as dictionaries with string keys and values
        input_with_duplicate_fields = {'name': 'John', 'age': 35, 'name': 'Jane'}
        # The input contains duplicate fields with key 'name'
        # The system should handle this gracefully without unexpected behavior or errors
        
        # Call the system with the input
        result = system_accepting_input(input_with_duplicate_fields)
        
        # Check that the result is as expected
        assert result == expected_result_for_duplicate_fields_input(), "Unexpected result when input contains duplicate fields"
    '''
    
    You would need to replace 'system_accepting_input' with the name or reference to the function that calls your system with the input, and 'expected_result_for_duplicate_fields_input()' with the expected output for the given input (if any).

**Testing the system with input that contains extra fields:**

This test case is used to identify and fix any issues that may arise when the system is used with extra fields, which can result in unexpected behavior or errors.

**Code**

    `Assuming the system in question is a web application or API, here is some sample code in Python to test the system with input that contains extra fields:
    
    '''
    import requests
    
    # Define test data with extra fields
    data = {
      'username': 'testuser',
      'password': 'testpassword',
      'extra_field': 'unexpected_value'
    }
    
    # Choose an API endpoint or webpage to test
    url = 'https://example.com/login'
    
    # Make a POST request with the test data
    response = requests.post(url, data=data)
    
    # Check the response for expected behavior or errors
    if response.status_code == 200:
      print('Login successful')
    elif response.status_code == 401:
      print('Unauthorized - invalid credentials')
    else:
      print(f'Unexpected response code: {response.status_code}')
    '''
    
    This code sends a POST request to the specified URL with the test data. The response is then checked for expected behavior or errors, such as a successful login or an unauthorized error. The presence of the extra_field in the data passed to the endpoint simulates the presence of unexpected input, which can help identify any unforeseen issues with the system's handling of input data.

**Testing the system with input that contains malformed data:**

This test case is used to verify if the system can return appropriate error messages or handle unexpected or malformed input data, such as incorrect data types, missing fields, or invalid characters.

**Code**

    Here is the Python code for testing the system with input that contains malformed data:
    
    '''
    # Import necessary libraries
    import unittest
    
    # Define a test class
    class MalformedDataTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
            
            # Define a test method
            def test_malformed_data(self):
                    
                    # Define a malformed input data string
                    malformed_data = "22x_ 9K"
    
                    # Use the system function with malformed input data
                    result = system_function(malformed_data)
    
                    # Assert that the system returns an appropriate error message
                    self.assertEqual(result, "Error: Malformed input data")
    
    # Run the tests
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main()
    '''
    
    Note that this code assumes that a function called 'system_function' exists within the system and that it takes a string parameter as input. The test case creates a test method named 'test_malformed_data' that defines a malformed input data string and uses the system function with that data. It then asserts that the system returns an appropriate error message. This test case can be expanded upon to test other types of malformed input data as well.

**Testing the system with input that is a combination of multiple scenarios:**

This test case ensures the system can handle complex scenarios involving different input data, not interfering with each other, and works as expected. This can be particularly useful for systems that have a lot of inter-dependencies.

**Code**

    # Sample test case - combination of multiple scenarios
    
    import unittest
    
    class TestSystem(unittest.TestCase):
        
        def test_scenario_1(self):
            # Test scenario 1 with input A
            result = function_under_test("A")
            self.assertEqual(result, expected_output_1)
        
        def test_scenario_2(self):
            # Test scenario 2 with input B
            result = function_under_test("B")
            self.assertEqual(result, expected_output_2)
        
        def test_scenario_3(self):
            # Test scenario 3 with input C
            result = function_under_test("C")
            self.assertEqual(result, expected_output_3)
        
        def test_combined_scenario(self):
            # Test combination of scenarios with inputs A, B and C
            result1 = function_under_test("A")
            result2 = function_under_test("B")
            result3 = function_under_test("C")
            combined_result = combine_results(result1, result2, result3)
            self.assertEqual(combined_result, expected_combined_output)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        unittest.main(

**Testing the system with input that contains emojis:**

**Code**

    Description: The test case aims to verify that the system accepts and handles input that contains emojis correctly without throwing any errors or exceptions. 
    
    Code in Python:
    
    '''python
    # Import the necessary modules
    import emoji
    
    # Define the input string that contains emojis
    input_str = "I love 🍕 and 🍺!"
    
    # Print the input string to verify the emojis are present
    print(input_str)
    
    # Test the system with the input string that contains emojis
    # Your testing code would go here
    '''

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different currency formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different currency formats, such as symbol placement, decimal points, and thousands of separators. It also ensures that the system can handle different conversion rates and process currency-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    # Here's an example Python code that can be used for testing the currency format handling capability of a system:
    
    def test_currency_format_handling():
        # define input data with mix of different currencies
        input_data = [
            {"amount": "$1,234.56", "currency": "USD"},
            {"amount": "¥42,000", "currency": "JPY"},
            {"amount": "12,345.67 €", "currency": "EUR"},
            {"amount": "3.99 CAD", "currency": "CAD"},
            {"amount": "₹9,999.99", "currency": "INR"},
            {"amount": "10.50 £", "currency": "GBP"},
            {"amount": "$1.234,56", "currency": "USD"},  # testing decimal point
            {"amount": "1 234,56€", "currency": "EUR"},  # testing thousand separator
            {"amount": "1'234.56 CHF", "currency": "CHF"},  # testing apostrophe separator
            {"amount": "123.456,00 kr", "currency": "SEK"},  # testing decimal and thousand separator
            {"amount": "45.5 CHF", "currency": None},  # testing ambiguous currency (CHF or CZK?)
            {"amount": "5.123,01", "currency": None},  # testing missing currency symbol
        ]
    
        # expected output data for each input
        expected_output = [
            {"amount": 1234.56, "currency": "USD"},
            {"amount": 42000, "currency": "JPY"},
            {"amount": 12345.67, "currency": "EUR"},
            {"amount": 3.99, "currency": "CAD"},
            {"amount": 9999.99, "currency": "INR"},
            {"amount": 10.5, "currency": "GBP"},
            {"amount": 1234.56, "currency": "USD"},
            {"amount": 1234.56, "currency": "EUR"},
            {"amount": 1234.56, "currency": "CHF"},
            {"amount": 123456.00, "currency": "SEK"},
            {"amount": 45.5, "currency": None},
            {"amount": 5123.01, "currency": None},
        ]
    
        # run the test for each input
        for i, inp in enumerate(input_data):
            # call system function to process input data
            result = process_currency_format(inp["amount"], inp["currency"])
            # compare the actual output with expected output
            assert result == expected_output[i], f"Test case {i} failed"
    
    def process_currency_format(amount_str, currency=None):
        # TODO: implement system function to process currency format
        # convert amount_str to float, handle decimal and thousand separators according to locale, and extract currency symbol or use currency argument
        return {"amount": 0.0, "currency": None}
    
    
    # In this example code, the 'test_currency_format_handling' function defines a list of input data, each containing a currency amount string and a corresponding expected output in terms of a float value and a currency symbol. The function then iterates over the input data and calls a 'process_currency_format' function to process each input, passing in the amount string and currency symbol (if available) as arguments. The function returns a dictionary with the processed amount and currency symbol, which is then compared with the expected output using the 'assert' statement.
    
    # Note that the 'process_currency_format' function is left as a TODO item, as it will depend on the specific system being tested and may require the use of Python's built-in 'locale' or 'decimal' modules to handle different currency formats

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different measurement units:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different measurement units, such as weight, length, volume, and temperature. It also ensures that the system can handle conversions between different units of measurement and process measurement-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    Assuming the system being tested is a measurement conversion tool or an application that handles measurements, here is an example code in Python for the test case provided:
    
    # Define a function that accepts input containing a mix of different measurement units
    def test_measurement_units(input):
        # Define a dictionary that maps each measurement unit to its abbreviation and conversion factor
        conversion_factors = {"inches": ("in", 1), "feet": ("ft", 12), "centimeters": ("cm", 0.3937),
                              "meters": ("m", 39.37), "grams": ("g", 1), "kilograms": ("kg", 1000),
                              "ounces": ("oz", 28.35), "pounds": ("lb", 453.59), "celsius": ("C", [1.8, 32])}
    
        # Define a regex pattern to extract measurement values and units from the input
        pattern = r"(d+(.d+)?s?(in|ft|cm|m|g|kg|oz|lb|°C))"
    
        # Use the regex pattern to split the input into measurement values and units
        matches = re.findall(pattern, input)
    
        # Initialize a dictionary to store the converted measurements
        converted_measurements = {}
    
        # Loop through each match and convert the measurement to the desired unit
        for match in matches:
            value, unit = match[0].split()
            if unit not in conversion_factors:
                raise ValueError(f"Unexpected unit: {unit}")
            abbreviation, factor = conversion_factors[unit]
            if isinstance(factor, list):  # convert temperature if unit is Celsius
                converted_value = round(float(value) * factor[0] + factor[1], 2)
            else:
                converted_value = round(float(value) * factor, 2)
            converted_measurements[abbreviation] = converted_value
    
        # Define the expected output of the system
        expected_output = {"inches": 12.24, "ft": 1.02, "cm": 31.11, "m": 7.90,
                           "g": 245.0, "kg": 0.25, "oz": 8.64, "lb": 0.54, "C": 132.62}
    
        # Check if the system's output matches the expected output
        assert converted_measurements == expected_output, f"unexpected output: {converted_measurements}"
    
    # Call the test function with an example input
    test_measurement_units("3.3 ft, 5.5 cm, 9.5 oz, 1100 g, 2.2 lb, 20.5 inches, 2.0 m, 25.0 cm, 50.0 kg, 50.0 °C")

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different email formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different email formats, such as with or without periods in the username, with or without "+" symbols, etc. It also ensures the system can handle different ways of formatting emails and processing email-related ambiguities.

**Code**

    import re
    
    def test_email_format():
        email_list = ['test@example.com', 'john.doe@example.com', 'test+123@example.com', 
                      'jane.doe+test@example.com', 'jane.doe.test@example.com']
        expected_output = ['valid', 'valid', 'valid', 'valid', 'valid']
      
        for i in range(len(email_list)):
            match = re.match(r'^([a-zA-Z0-9._+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9]+.[a-zA-Z]{2,4})$', email_list[i])
            
            if match:
                output = 'valid'
            else:
                output = 'invalid'
            
            assert output == expected_output[i]
            
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        test_email_format()

**Testing the system with input that contains a mix of different URL formats:**

This test case is used to verify the system's ability to handle different URL formats such as HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, and others, along with different variations of URLs such as with and without "www" and "HTTP" prefixes. It also includes testing the system's ability to handle and process URLs with special characters, parameters, and redirects.

**Code**

    import requests
    
    urls = [
      "http://www.google.com",
      "https://www.yahoo.com",
      "ftp://ftp.is.co.za.example.org",
      "https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer",
      "http://www.example.com?test=parameter"
    ]
    
    for url in urls:
      response = requests.get(url)
      if response.status_code == 200:
        print("Success!")
      else:
        print("Failure: Status Code - " + str(response.status_code))

**Wrapping Up!**

Overall, snowflake testing is an essential step in the software development process, as it helps to ensure that the software is stable and reliable when it is released to users. It is important to have a solid plan and tools in place to effectively manage the testing process, and to have a process in place for identifying and addressing any issues that are discovered.