Don't nest ternary operators. Please!
Tags: webdev, programming, learning
Published: 2024-01-25 13:27:00

In JavaScript, the [ternary operator](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_operator) (also known as the "conditional operator") is a concise and handy tool for conditional logic. However, when it comes to nesting these operators, you might be stepping into a tangled web of complexity. Let's discuss why nesting ternaries can be problematic and explore alternative approaches for cleaner code.

### **Understanding Ternary Operators**

A ternary operator in JavaScript is a one-liner alternative to an if-else statement. It takes three operands: a condition, a result upon the condition being true, and a result if it's false.

**Syntax:**

```javascript
condition ? exprIfTrue : exprIfFalse;
```

**Example:**

```javascript
let isAdult = age >= 18 ? 'Yes' : 'No';
```

### **The Temptation of Nesting Ternaries**

Nesting ternary operators means using one ternary inside another. It's often seen as a shortcut to handle multiple conditions.

**Example of Nested Ternaries:**

```javascript
let category = age > 18 ? (age > 65 ? 'Senior' : 'Adult') : 'Minor';
```

While this might seem like an efficient use of space, it introduces several issues.

### **1. Readability Concerns**

Nested ternaries can quickly become hard to read and understand, especially for someone new to the code. What seems straightforward to you now might be a puzzle for future-you or other developers.

**Hard-to-Read Example:**

```javascript
let message = user.isAuthenticated ? (user.hasPremium ? 'Welcome, premium user!' : 'Welcome, user!') : 'Please log in.';
```

### **2. Debugging Difficulties**

Debugging nested ternaries can be challenging. Isolating which part of the ternary chain is causing an issue is more complex than debugging a simple if-else statement or a switch case.

### **3. Maintainability Issues**

As your codebase grows and evolves, maintaining nested ternaries becomes problematic. Any modification might require a significant unraveling and reworking of the logic.

### **4. Performance Misconception**

Some developers might think nesting ternaries is faster or more efficient. However, any performance gains are negligible and certainly not worth the trade-off in readability and maintainability.

### **Alternatives to Nested Ternaries**

1\. **Simple If-Else Statements:**

   For clarity and ease of understanding, a traditional if-else structure is often best.

```javascript

   let category;

   if (age > 18) {
       category = age > 65 ? 'Senior' : 'Adult';
   } else {
       category = 'Minor';
   }

```

2\. **Switch Statements:**

   For multiple conditions, a switch statement can be more readable.

```javascript

   switch (true) {
       case age > 65:
           category = 'Senior';
           break;
       case age > 18:
           category = 'Adult';
           break;
       default:
           category = 'Minor';
   }

```

3\. **Function Abstraction:**

   Encapsulate complex logic in a function for better abstraction and reusability.

```javascript

   function getCategory(age) {
       if (age > 65) return 'Senior';
       if (age > 18) return 'Adult';
       return 'Minor';
   }

```

While ternary operators are a useful feature of JavaScript, nesting them can lead to code that's hard to read, debug, and maintain. Opting for clearer, more straightforward alternatives like if-else statements, switch statements, or function abstraction makes your code more accessible and maintainable. Remember, in programming, clarity should almost always trump cleverness. Production code isn't code golf, shorter isn't always better.