The UK has had access throughout Horizon Europe as a third country with funding from a domestic funding guarantee, but uncertainty and political difficulties have nevertheless taken a toll.
Mae’r DU wedi cael mynediad drwy gydol Horizon Ewrop fel trydedd wlad gyda chyllid drwy warant cyllid domestig, ond mae ansicrwydd ac anawsterau gwleidyddol wedi cael effaith serch hynny.