English: Thank you very much to Sam Kurtz for those questions. It is a horrific disease, I absolutely agree with you, and it is vital that we work in partnership. I would never, ever present one thing within the toolbox as being - I don't like the phrase 'a silver bullet', but that was your phrase. But, it isn't, it is about a suite of measures, and certainly since the five years I've been in portfolio, I came to learn that very, very quickly. When you look at the science, there isn't one thing; if there were, how much easier life would be. There isn't. So, it is about making sure that the measures we have in place are absolutely correct. You asked about statistics in your first question and certainly, looking at short-term trends, on 30 June this year, there were 81 fewer herds under movement restrictions compared with the previous year, so the previous 30 June 2020. I think it is really important that we don't read too much into short-term trends, as we do expect short-term fluctuations in the figures. So, I think it's really important that we do have a look at the figures, and I mentioned in my statement around the 48 per cent which you referred to. I don't agree with you that there's been slow progress. I do think since we have had this programme we have made some significant progress, but of course if you're in a long-term breakdown - that is one over 18 months - that's of very small comfort to you, and I absolutely appreciate that. When we refreshed the programme four years ago, we brought in the bespoke action plans, which I think have helped some farmers. Not all farmers have welcomed it, but I certainly think it has helped them. But I do think it's now time for a refresh and, as you say, in the consultation, we have brought forward several things that we're going to look at, and I'm proposing that we change them. In relation to the cattle vaccination that you referred to - as I say, I don't think there is any one thing, it has to be a combination - the aim is to have a deployable cattle TB vaccine with a test that can differentiate infected from vaccinated animals by 2025. Certainly, when I met with Professor Glyn Hewinson in the summer in Aberystwyth University, he was very excited about this because he said it's always been 10 years hence, and now it's four years, which I appreciate is quite a long time, but we are getting closer to that. I certainly think the UK Government are keen to have a cattle vaccination, and there is definitely an impetus now, I would say, across the UK. I mentioned in my statement that I am disappointed there are no Welsh farms taking part in these trials, they are all English farms at the moment. Anything we can do to encourage farms from low TB areas to participate in these trials would be really good. Certainly, as a Government, we are working closely with DEFRA and the Scottish Government, and there have been about 20 years now of research into this vaccination, and I know the Welsh Government, way before my time, really led on this. You asked about skin tests and testing in general. Certainly, the skin test is a long-established test and it's used worldwide. It's the main surveillance test in all, as far as I can see, TB controlled programmes, and it's likely to identify only one false positive animal in every 5,000 of non-infected cattle tested. I'm very keen to look at new testing, and I mentioned it's part of the consultation, and I really look forward to views coming forward around testing. There are tests that aren't validated yet, but again I know my officials have engaged with people around that. I think collectively we all want to improve testing, and this is a real opportunity now to have a look. You mentioned the - I think it was the IDEXX antibody test specifically, which as you know is a blood test and it has to be performed between 10 and 30 days after a skin TB test. The high positivity rate in 2020 that we did see is likely to be the fact that we targeted that test, and of course then it's our higher risk animals. So, we have been using it, and the gamma test, in our TB hotspots in north Wales for the first time. So, it's interesting to see the results we are getting there. In relation to compensation, again, I'm consulting on three options, and I hope you've had time to have a look at the consultation. We are consulting on three options. They've been recommended to me by the programme board. So, I was very keen to have the table valuations plus a top-up for being a member of an accreditation scheme, and then the TB levy. Those three options are set out in the consultation document. You mentioned the overspend and you're right: it's a demand-led scheme, so, obviously - . I think, every year, we have oversubscribed for it, but, as a Government, we have a statutory duty to pay farmers for animals that have been slaughtered under the programme, and we always find that funding. I reprioritise, I redirect and I divert funding away from it, but we do need to reduce that funding - and, again, it is part of the consultation. So, again, I would urge Members to encourage farmers, certainly, and all their constituents, if they have an interest in this, to participate in the consultation.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn i Sam Kurtz am y cwestiynau yna. Ydy, mae hwn yn glefyd erchyll, rwy'n cytuno yn llwyr â chi, ac mae hi'n hanfodol ein bod ni'n gweithio mewn partneriaeth. Ni fyddwn i fyth bythoedd yn cyflwyno un peth yn y gist arfau fel - nid wyf i'n hoff o'r ymadrodd 'ateb hud a lledrith', ond dyna a ddywedasoch chi. Ond, nid dyna ystyr hyn, cyfres o fesurau sydd gennym ni, ac yn sicr am y pum mlynedd yr wyf i wedi bod mewn portffolio, fe ddysgais i hynny'n gyflym iawn, iawn. Pan edrychwch chi ar y wyddoniaeth, nid oes unrhyw un ateb; pe byddai hi felly, pa mor hawdd fyddai bywyd? Ond nid felly y mae hi. Ystyr hyn, felly, yw sicrhau bod y mesurau sydd gennym ni ar waith yn gwbl briodol. Roeddech chi'n gofyn am ystadegau yn eich cwestiwn cyntaf chi ac yn sicr, gan edrych ar dueddiadau byrdymor, ar 30 o fis Mehefin eleni, roedd 81 yn llai o fuchesi o dan gyfyngiadau symud o'i gymharu â'r flwyddyn flaenorol, 30 o'r mis Mehefin blaenorol yn 2020. Rwyf i o'r farn ei bod hi'n bwysig iawn nad ydym ni'n darllen gormod i dueddiadau byrdymor, gan ein bod ni'n disgwyl amrywiadau byrdymor yn y ffigurau. Felly, rwy'n credu ei bod hi'n bwysig iawn i ni edrych ar y ffigurau, ac fe soniais i yn fy natganiad am y 48 y cant yr oeddech chi'n cyfeirio atyn nhw. Nid wyf i'n cytuno â chi mai cynnydd araf sydd wedi bod. Ond rwyf i o'r farn ein bod ni wedi gwneud peth cynnydd sylweddol ers i ni fod â'r rhaglen hon, ond wrth gwrs os ydych chi wedi bod ag achosion hirdymor o TB yn eich buches chi - hynny yw am dros 18 mis - nid yw hynny o lawer iawn o gysur i chi o gwbl, ac rwy'n llwyr werthfawrogi hynny. Pan wnaethom ni adnewyddu'r rhaglen bedair blynedd yn ôl, fe ddaethom ni â'r cynlluniau gweithredu pwrpasol, sydd, yn fy marn i, wedi helpu rhai ffermwyr. Nid yw pob ffermwr wedi croesawu hynny, ond rwy'n sicr yn credu bod hyn wedi eu helpu nhw. Ond rwy'n credu ei bod hi'n bryd i ni ddiwygio eto erbyn hyn ac, fel rydych chi'n dweud, yn yr ymgynghoriad, rydym ni wedi cyflwyno sawl peth i'w hystyried, ac rwyf i'n cynnig ein bod ni'n eu newid nhw. O ran brechu gwartheg yr oeddech chi'n cyfeirio ato - fel rwyf i'n dweud, nid wyf i o'r farn fod unrhyw beth unigol, mae'n rhaid cael cyfuniad - y nod yw cael brechlyn TB ar gyfer gwartheg y gellir ei ddefnyddio gyda phrawf a all wahaniaethu rhwng anifeiliaid a frechwyd erbyn 2025. Yn sicr, pan wnes i gyfarfod â'r Athro Glyn Hewinson yn yr haf ym Mhrifysgol Aberystwyth, roedd ef yn gyffrous iawn am hyn gan ei fod ef wedi dweud ei fod ef bob amser wedi clywed y byddai'r brechlyn yn dod ymhen 10 mlynedd eto, ac erbyn hyn ymhen pedair blynedd eto yw'r ddealltwriaeth, ac rwy'n gwerthfawrogi bod hwnnw'n gyfnod gweddol faith, ond rydym ni'n nes at ddiwedd y daith nawr. Rwy'n sicr yn credu bod Llywodraeth y DU yn awyddus i gael brechiad ar gyfer gwartheg, ac yn bendant fe geir hwb ymlaen at hynny nawr, fe fyddwn i'n dweud, ledled y DU. Roeddwn i'n sôn yn fy natganiad fy mod i'n siomedig nad oes unrhyw ffermydd yng Nghymru yn cymryd rhan yn y treialon hyn, ar ffermydd yn Lloegr y maen nhw i gyd ar hyn o bryd. Peth da fyddai unrhyw anogaeth i ffermydd o ardaloedd TB isel i gymryd rhan yn y treialon hyn. Yn sicr, yn y Llywodraeth, rydym ni'n gweithio yn agos gyda DEFRA a Llywodraeth yr Alban, ac fe fu yna tua 20 mlynedd o ymchwil i'r brechiad hwn erbyn hyn, ac fe wn i fod Llywodraeth Cymru, ymhell cyn fy amser i, wedi arwain ar hyn mewn gwirionedd. Roeddech chi'n gofyn am brofion croen a phrofion yn gyffredinol. Yn sicr, mae'r prawf croen yn brawf hirsefydlog ac mae hwnnw'n cael ei ddefnyddio trwy'r byd. Dyma'r prif brawf gwyliadwriaeth, hyd y gwelaf i, ym mhob un o'r rhaglenni a reolir gan TB, ac mae'n debygol o roi dim ond un canlyniad positif anghywir i un anifail ym mhob 5,000 o wartheg nad ydyn nhw wedi cael eu heintio. Rwy'n awyddus iawn i edrych ar brofion newydd, ac fe soniais i fod hynny'n rhan o'r ymgynghoriad, ac rwy'n edrych ymlaen yn fawr iawn at glywed pobl yn rhoi eu safbwyntiau nhw ynglŷn â phrofion. Mae yna brofion nad ydyn nhw wedi cael eu dilysu hyd yn hyn, ond unwaith eto rwy'n gwybod bod fy swyddogion i wedi ymgysylltu â phobl ynglŷn â hynny. Rwy'n credu ein bod i gyd yn awyddus i wella'r profion ar y cyd, ac mae hwn yn gyfle gwirioneddol nawr i gael golwg ar hynny. Roeddech chi'n sôn am y - rwy'n credu mai'r prawf gwrthgyrff IDEXX yn benodol, sef, fel y gwyddoch chi, prawf gwaed ac mae'n rhaid ei roi rhwng 10 a 30 diwrnod wedi prawf croen TB. Mae'r gyfradd uchel o brofion positif a welsom ni yn 2020 yn debygol o fod oherwydd ein bod ni wedi anelu'r prawf hwnnw, ac wrth gwrs, at ein hanifeiliaid ni â mwy o risg. Felly, rydym ni wedi bod yn ei ddefnyddio, yn ogystal â'r prawf gama, yn y mannau lle gwelwn ni lawer o achosion o TB yn y gogledd am y tro cyntaf. Felly, mae hi'n ddiddorol gweld y canlyniadau yr ydym ni'n eu cael yn y fan honno. O ran iawndal, unwaith eto, rwy'n ymgynghori ar dri dewis, ac rwy'n gobeithio eich bod chi wedi cael amser i gael golwg ar yr ymgynghoriad. Rydym ni'n ymgynghori ar dri dewis. Maen nhw wedi cael eu hargymell i mi gan fwrdd y rhaglen. Felly, roeddwn i'n awyddus iawn i gael y tablau prisio ynghyd ag ychwanegiadau am fod yn aelod o gynllun achredu, ac yna'r ardoll TB. Caiff y tri dewis hynny eu nodi yn y ddogfen ymgynghori. Roeddech chi'n sôn am y gorwariant ac rydych chi'n iawn: cynllun yw hwn sy'n cael ei arwain gan y galw, felly, yn amlwg - . Rwy'n credu, bob blwyddyn, ein bod ni wedi gordanysgrifio ar ei gyfer, ond, yn y Llywodraeth, mae gennym ni ddyletswydd statudol i dalu ffermwyr am anifeiliaid a gafodd eu lladd o dan y rhaglen, ac rydym ni'n dod o hyd i'r cyllid hwnnw bob tro. Rwyf i'n ailflaenoriaethu, rwy'n ailgyfeirio ac rwy'n dargyfeirio cyllid oddi wrtho, ond mae yna angen i ni leihau'r cyllid hwnnw - ac, unwaith eto, mae hynny'n rhan o'r ymgynghoriad. Felly, unwaith eto, fe fyddwn i'n annog Aelodau i annog ffermwyr, yn sicr, a'u hetholwyr nhw i gyd, os oes ganddyn nhw ddiddordeb yn hyn, i gymryd rhan yn yr ymgynghoriad.