English: There are several paths that I could pursue this afternoon. The comments that Llyr Gruffydd made about the economic opportunities that would come from developing green industries and investing in retrofitting energy saving equipment in homes, and so on, is something that appeals to me, and is something that I spoke about when I had the economic role in the previous Assembly, but what I want to focus on, if I may, is transport specifically. The climate change committee at the Assembly said recently that the Welsh Government faces a specific challenge here that stems from a number of major emitters of carbon dioxide in Wales. According to the committee: 'There is therefore a need to maximise the impact of interventions to reduce emissions in other areas, such as transport'. And it also mentions housing. That is, getting to grips with transport emissions is something that we can do here in the devolved world that we have, so we need to ensure that we push this to the maximum in terms of the potential that we have before us. Transport in 2014 accounted for 12.77 per cent of the total emissions in Wales, but over 21 per cent of the emissions within devolved competence. That is, the things that we can do something about, and transport is one of those things. A report from the Institute of Welsh Affairs on decarbonisation of transport in Wales states that Wales is more dependent on the car than any other nation or region in the United Kingdom. That states clearly that we do have to do something about this and we do have to seek that modal change. We do talk a lot about it, but we are not making enough progress on it in terms of getting to grips with the problem that we are trying to tackle - in the most fundamental way, getting people out of their cars and onto their bikes or on foot. We have an active travel Act, but we're not seeing the investment going in to support that legislation that we should be seeing. We see that around £10 per head per year is spent by the Welsh Government on active transport, whereas the Assembly's economy committee has recommended expenditure between £17 and £20 per annum. Yes, people need to be persuaded to change their own culture in terms of the way that they travel from A to B, but let us give them that nudge through investing in infrastructure that makes that so much easier. We only have to look at the new Nextbike system in Cardiff. There's been investment that's gone into that and people are using those bikes, and I'm one of them. There is a sense here in Cardiff that there is a genuine feeling of change towards active travel and this needs to happen across Wales, not just in our capital city. And we do have to move people onto the buses. The same report that I referred to earlier by the Institute of Wales Affairs states that bus services in Wales have been in significant decline over the long term. We do have to overturn that trend. We know where we need to invest in the railways. It's of course a great disappointment that the UK Government hasn't invested and has only invested in electrification in the south. It's appalling that electrification in the north isn't on the agenda at all. We should be talking seriously, all of us, as we are doing in Plaid Cymru, about making that rail connection along the west of Wales - not just from Carmarthen to Aberystwyth, but from Aberystwyth through to Bangor. Yes, we need to open the railway across Anglesey. These projects are all there, we just need the ambition to pursue them. We were talking about this in questions earlier on: if you consider the £100 billion that's being spent on HS2 in England, just imagine what we could do with a very small proportion of that total. I'll refer quickly to the M4. We agree that it would be a waste and would actually attract people to use their cars more. That's what the black route would do. Yes, we do need a solution for the south-east, but we need to be clever and smarter in the way that we tackle that puzzle around the Brynglas tunnels.
Welsh: Mae yna sawl trywydd y buaswn i'n gallu mynd ar ei ôl o heddiw yma. Roedd sylwadau Llyr Gruffydd ynglŷn â'r cyfleon economaidd a fyddai'n dod o ddatblygu diwydiannau gwyrdd a buddsoddi mewn 'retro-osod' offer arbed ynni mewn tai, ac ati, yn rhywbeth sy'n apelio ataf i, ac yn rhywbeth y gwnes i siarad amdano fo pan oeddwn i'n dal y rôl economi yn y Cynulliad diwethaf, ond mi ydw i am ganolbwyntio, os caf i, ar drafnidiaeth yn benodol. Mi ddywedodd pwyllgor newid hinsawdd y Cynulliad yn ddiweddar fod Llywodraeth Cymru yn wynebu'r her benodol yma sydd yn deillio o nifer o allyrwyr mawr o garbon deuocsid yng Nghymru. Felly, meddai'r pwyllgor, 'mae angen gwneud y mwyaf o effaith ymyriadau i leihau allyriadau mewn meysydd eraill, megis trafnidiaeth'. Ac mae o hefyd yn enwi tai. Hynny ydy, mae mynd i'r afael ag allyriadau trafnidiaeth yn rhywbeth rydym ni'n gallu ei wneud yma yn y byd datganoledig sydd gennym ni, felly mae angen sicrhau ein bod ni'n gwthio i'r eithaf y potensial sydd o'n blaenau ni. Mi oedd trafnidiaeth, yn 2014, yn cyfrif am 12.77 y cant o gyfanswm yr allyriadau yng Nghymru, ond dros 21 y cant o'r allyriadau o fewn cymhwysedd datganoledig. Hynny ydy, y pethau rydym ni'n gallu gwneud rhywbeth amdanyn nhw, ac mae trafnidiaeth yn un o'r rheini. Mae adroddiad gan y Sefydliad Materion Cymreig ar ddad-garboneiddio trafnidiaeth yng Nghymru yn dweud bod Cymru'n fwy dibynnol ar y car nag unrhyw genedl neu ranbarth arall yn y Deyrnas Unedig. Ac mae hynny'n datgan yn glir fod yn rhaid inni wneud rhywbeth am hyn ac mae'n rhaid inni chwilio am y newid modal yma. Rydym ni'n gwneud llawer o siarad amdano fo, ond yn methu ag ennill digon o dir arno fo mewn gwirionedd o ran mynd i'r afael â'r broblem rydym ni'n ceisio ei thaclo - yn y modd mwyaf sylfaenol, cael pobl allan o'u ceir ac ar eu beiciau neu ar eu traed. Mae gennym ni Ddeddf teithio llesol, ond nid ydym yn gweld y buddsoddiad yn mynd i mewn i gefnogi'r ddeddfwriaeth yna y dylem ni fod yn ei weld. Rydym ni'n gweld mai tua £10 y pen y flwyddyn sy'n cael ei wario gan Lywodraeth Cymru ar deithio llesol, lle mae pwyllgor economi'r Cynulliad wedi argymell gwariant o rhwng £17 ac £20 y pen y flwyddyn. Oes, mae'n rhaid i bobl gael eu perswadio i newid eu diwylliant eu hunain o ran y ffordd maen nhw'n mynd o A i B, ond gadewch inni roi'r anogaeth yna drwy fuddsoddi yn yr isadeiledd sydd yn gwneud hynny gymaint yn haws. Nid oes ond angen inni edrych ar y system beiciau newydd Nextbike yng Nghaerdydd. Mae buddsoddiad wedi mynd i mewn yn y man yna, ac mae pobl yn defnyddio'r beiciau yna, a minnau yn eu plith nhw. Mae yna synnwyr yma yng Nghaerdydd fod yna, go iawn, deimlad o newid tuag at deithio llesol. Mae'n rhaid i hyn ddigwydd ar draws Cymru, nid dim ond yn ein prifddinas ni. Mae'n rhaid inni symud pobl i fysys. Mae'r un adroddiad y gwnes i gyfeirio ato fo'n gynharach gan y Sefydliad Materion Cymreig yn adrodd bod gwasanaethau bysys yng Nghymru wedi bod mewn dirywiad difrifol dros dymor hir. Mae'n rhaid inni wyrdroi hyn. Rydym ni'n gwybod am y llefydd lle rydym ni angen buddsoddi mewn rheilffyrdd. Mae'n gywilydd bod Llywodraeth Prydain wedi peidio â buddsoddi a dim ond wedi trydaneiddio'r rheilffordd ar draws y de. Mae'n gywilydd nad ydy trydaneiddio ar draws y gogledd hyd yn oed ar yr agenda, mewn difrif. Mi ddylwn ni fod yn siarad o ddifrif, bob un ohonom ni, fel rydym ni ym Mhlaid Cymru yn ei wneud, am wneud y cysylltiad rheilffordd yna i fyny'r gorllewin - nid yn unig o Gaerfyrddin i Aberystwyth, ond wedyn o Aberystwyth drwodd i Fangor. Ydyn, mi ydym ni eisiau agor y rheilffordd sydd ar draws Ynys Môn. Hynny ydy, mae'r prosiectau yma i gyd yno ond inni gael yr uchelgais i fynd ar eu holau nhw. Os edrychwch ar - ac roeddem ni'n trafod hyn mewn cwestiynau yn gynharach yma - ar y £100 biliwn sy'n cael ei wario ar HS2 yn Lloegr a meddwl beth y gallem ni ei wneud am gyfran fechan iawn, iawn, iawn o'r cyfanswm yna. Mi gyfeiriaf i'n sydyn at yr M4. Rydym ni'n cytuno mai gwastraff a denu pobl i ddefnyddio'u ceir yn fwy ydy mynd am y llwybr du. Oes, mae eisiau ateb ar gyfer y de-ddwyrain, rwy'n cydnabod hynny, ac mae'n rhaid inni fod yn glyfar yn y ffordd rydym ni'n ateb y pos yna o gwmpas y twneli Bryn-glas.