English: Yes. It's about changing behaviour. Marketing, on its own, doesn't work in terms of language. We have been working very closely with the Basque Country. We have a programme called ARFer, linked with Bangor University, in terms of changing behaviour with regard to the language, and the Basque Country has its own programme called Euskaraldia. And, once a year - . International research has shown that, if you do something for 11 days, then the practice starts to take root. So, what they did this year, and we've seen the evaluation in the Basque Country, is that they have badges, like the ones that we have, as speakers of the language, but they also have ear-shaped badges and then they sign a contract and, for 11 days, one makes a commitment to speak the Basque language, or to the extent of their ability. And then that pattern leads, or is supposed to lead, to more use of the language. From the evaluation that I've seen, there's been a 5 per cent increase in the use of language amongst the groups that engaged with the programme. So, they are now going to develop Euskaraldia in the Basque Country from working just with adults to working also with young people in Donostia - in Lasarte, I think it is, just outside Donostia. So, we're going to do something similar now, and we're going to look at the precedent set out by Euskaraldia, but also do it according to sector, so with a programme of young people. The mentrau iaith in Caerphilly and in Dinefwr are going to do something similar with young people, on the basis of the Euskaraldia programme, to see whether there's something in this - but not the 11 days, as our programmes tend to happen throughout the year, rather than 11 days. So, there is a lot of sharing. We work very closely with Friesland, with Finland and the Scandinavian nations, because they're smaller languages but the populations are small. We do have similarities, because the English language is very prominent, especially in terms of the digital side of things, television and so on, and music, and it's the English language that has the influence there. So, that's why Dydd Miwsig Cymru, the Welsh Language Music Day, is so important in terms of identity. And I think, increasingly, young people, in the same way that they return to their local shops, they're going back to their local music as well. They sing in their indigenous languages now, which is seen as cool now. So, there's a lot of co-ordination happening. In terms of language practices as well, I know that the Urdd is going to undertake a project with TG Lurgan next year, in terms of their camps and in terms of how those camps can promote and generate this kind of excitement around the Welsh language. There are primary schoolchildren and also secondary schoolchildren who don't hear the language in the summer recess, and so these summer schools are so important. So, there are lots of things under way, and we can share whatever is of interest with you, or if you want to meet, one-to-one, to discuss these issues further, then I'm more than happy to do so.
Welsh: Iawn. Newid ymddygiad ydy be dŷn ni angen ei wneud, mewn ffordd. Dydy marchnata ar ei ben ei hun ddim yn gweithio o ran iaith. Dŷn ni wedi bod yn gweithio'n glòs efo Gwlad y Basg. Mae gennym ni raglen o'r enw ARFer, ynghlwm â Phrifysgol Bangor, ar gyfer newid ymddygiad iaith mewn gweithleoedd, ac mae gan Wlad y Basg raglen o'r enw Euskaraldia, a beth mae Euskaraldia yn ei wneud ydy, unwaith y flwyddyn - . Mae yna ryw ymchwil rhyngwladol yn dweud os ydych chi'n gwneud rhywbeth am 11 diwrnod, mae'r arfer yn dechrau gwreiddio. Felly, beth wnaethon nhw eleni, a dŷn ni wedi edrych ar y gwerthusiad o Wlad y Basg, oedd bod ganddyn nhw fathodynau, fel sydd gennym ni, y siaradwyr, ond hefyd mae ganddyn nhw fathodynau clust ar gyfer siaradwyr goddefol, ac wedyn maen nhw'n seinio contract ac, am 11 diwrnod, mae pawb yn ymrwymo i siarad Basgeg neu i siarad Basgeg hyd at eu gallu nhw, os ydyn nhw'n siaradwyr goddefol. Mae'r patrwm yna, wedyn, i fod i arddel mwy o ddefnydd iaith. Dwi'n meddwl, o'r gwerthusiad dwi wedi ei weld, cafwyd 5 y cant o gynnydd o ran defnydd iaith yn y grwpiau a wnaeth ymwneud ag Euskaraldia. Maen nhw rŵan yn mynd i drio gwneud Euskaraldia yng Ngwlad y Basg - achos jest efo oedolion maen nhw wedi ei wneud o - efo pobl ifanc yn ardal Donostia, yn Lasarte, dwi'n meddwl, jest y tu allan i Donostia. Felly, dŷn ni'n mynd i wneud rhywbeth tebyg rŵan. So, edrych ar gynsail Euskaraldia, ond ei wneud o fesul sector, felly gwneud rhaglen efo pobl ifanc. Mae menter iaith Caerffili a menter iaith Bro Dinefwr yn gwneud rhywbeth tebyg hefyd efo pobl ifanc, ar sail Euskaraldia, jest i weld a oes rhywbeth yn hyn, ond dŷn ni ddim wedi arddel yr 11 diwrnod. Mae'n rhaglenni ni yn tueddu i fod drwy gydol y flwyddyn. Felly, mae yna lot o rannu. Dŷn ni'n gweithio'n agos efo Friesland ac efo'r Ffindir a gwledydd Sgandinafia, achos ieithoedd llai ydyn nhw, ond mae'r poblogaethau'n fach, ac mae gennym ni debygrwydd achos bod y Saesneg yn amlwg, yn enwedig ar yr ochr ddigidol, gyda theledu ac yn y blaen, a cherddoriaeth, yn dylanwadu. Dyna pam, wrth gwrs, o ran Dydd Miwsig Cymru, y mae hynny mor bwysig o ran hunaniaeth. A mwy a mwy, dwi'n meddwl, mae pobl yn mynd yn ôl - fel maen nhw'n mynd yn ôl at eu siop leol, maen nhw'n mynd yn ôl at gerddoriaeth wreiddiol. Mae yna rywbeth llawer mwy cŵl am ganu yn yr iaith wreiddiol rŵan. Felly, mae yna lot o gydlynu'n digwydd. O ran arferion iaith hefyd, rwy'n gwybod bod yr Urdd yn mynd i wneud project efo TG Lurgan y flwyddyn nesaf, o ran y gwersylloedd, a gweld i ba raddau mae'r gwersylloedd yna'n gallu hybu a chreu rhyw fath o fwrlwm ieithyddol yn ystod gwyliau'r haf, achos, wrth gwrs, mae rhai, yn enwedig plant cynradd ac efallai rhai plant uwchradd, sydd ddim yn clywed yr iaith yn ystod gwyliau'r haf, ac mae'r pethau yma yn hollbwysig. So, mae yna lot o bethau ar y gweill, ond fe allwn ni rannu beth bynnag sydd o ddiddordeb i chi, neu os ydych chi eisiau cyfarfod, un-wrth-un, yn ehangach, buasem ni'n fodlon iawn gwneud hynny.