English: Do you want me to start? In thinking about the strengths and weaknesses of the 2011 Measure, in terms of the strengths, I think it is right to say that we have seen progress in provision from local authorities and other public bodies, and there's an increasingly visual status for the Welsh language. There is a legal framework, a perhaps restricted legal framework, in place i n terms of monitoring arrangements, where standards apply. What's interesting for our sector is that the concept of standards, to a certain extent, emulates the national standards that are already required in the area of childcare. So, the concept of a standard in and of itself isn't for me problematic, because we have been used to working to standards and seeing that regulation on the ground previously. In terms of the weaknesses, clearly, the concept of rights is selective. These rights aren't across the board or universal. And, of course, they don't address organisations with an England-and-Wales remit, such as the Charity Commission or HMRC. So, for Mudiad Meithrin, if they want to register as a charitable corporate organisation, they can't do that through the medium of Welsh. And I think the main weakness is the interrelation between the Measure and the ambitious and laudable Cymraeg 2050 strategy. We don't have a legal framework that is sufficiently robust to meet the needs in terms of attaining those ambitious targets that have been set in terms of both care and education. And, to a certain extent, the Aled Roberts panel is addressing many of these challenges in terms of WESPs, for example, but it's clear to me that we must move away from this concept of assessing demand for Welsh-medium education and move towards actually stimulating demand for care and education. All of these questions around standards also relate to promotion and status and so on. I do think it's right to say that legislation is making a difference, because for decades we've all known that smoking is bad for us but what's made the real difference is to restrict individuals' ability to smoke in public places. So, I do think that legislation can be a driver for behavioural change. The question is: what is that driver from the point of view of language planning? It is easy, on one level, to place a levy on plastic bags, but it's not as easy to identify what is that one thing that will make a difference in terms of convincing parents to choose Welsh-medium care and education for their children. So, I do think that the Cymraeg 2050 challenge poses a huge challenge. It's a laudable challenge and one that we certainly support. Part of the problem is that lack of co-ordination between the Welsh language Measure and the requirements in terms of planning for childcare and education.
Welsh: A wyt ti eisiau i fi gychwyn? Meddwl am gryfderau a gwendidau Mesur 2011, felly, o safbwynt y cryfderau, rydw i'n credu ei bod hi'n iawn i ddweud ein bod ni wedi gweld cynnydd mewn darpariaeth gan awdurdodau lleol a chyrff cyhoeddus, ac mae yna statws gynyddol weledol o safbwynt y Gymraeg. Mae yna fframwaith cyfreithiol, cyfyng o bosibl, gyda threfniadau monitro lle mae'r safonau yn berthnasol, wrth gwrs. A'r hyn sy'n ddiddorol i'n sector ni ydy bod y cysyniad o safonau, i raddau, yn efelychu'r safonau gofynnol cenedlaethol sydd yn bodoli ym maes gofal plant. Felly, nid yw'r cysyniad o safon ynddo'i hun ddim i mi yn broblematig, achos dyna rydym ni wedi ei harfer â'i weithredu a gweld yn cael ei rheoleiddio ar lawr gwlad. O safbwynt y gwendidau, wedyn, yn amlwg mae'r cysyniad o hawliau yn hawliau dethol. Hynny yw, nid ydyn nhw ddim yn rhai bydol neu universal. Ac, wrth gwrs, nid ydyn nhw'n mynd i'r afael â chyrff sydd â chwmpas neu gwmpawd Lloegr a Chymru, fel y Comisiwn Elusennau ac yn y blaen, a chyllid a threth. Felly, mae hynny'n peri problem i aelodau Mudiad Meithrin, oherwydd, os ydyn nhw'n dymuno cofrestru fel sefydliad corfforedig elusennol, maen nhw'n methu â gwneud hynny drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg. Ac wedyn y gwendid mwyaf, rydw i'n meddwl, ydy'r cydberthynas rhwng y Mesur a strategaeth uchelgeisiol a chlodwiw Cymraeg 2050. Nid oes gennym ni fframwaith gyfreithiol ddigon cadarn i allu diwallu gofynion o safbwynt cyrraedd y targedau uchelgeisiol yna sy'n bodoli ar gyfer y maes gofal ac addysg. Ac i raddau mae panel Aled Roberts yn mynd i'r afael â nifer o'r heriau yma o safbwynt cynlluniau strategol y Gymraeg mewn addysg, ond mae'n amlwg i mi bod yn rhaid inni symud i ffwrdd o'r syniad o fesur y galw am addysg Gymraeg, a chreu a symbylu'r galw am ofal ac addysg Gymraeg. Mae'r holl gwestiynau ynglŷn â Mesur a safonau hefyd yn ymwneud â hybu a hyrwyddo statws ac yn y blaen. Ac rydw i'n meddwl ei bod hi'n iawn inni ddweud bod deddfwriaeth yn gwneud gwahaniaeth, oherwydd, ers degawdau, rydym ni i gyd yn gwybod bod ysmygu'n ddrwg i ni, ond yr hyn sydd wedi gwneud gwir wahaniaeth ydy cyfyngu ar allu unigolion i ysmygu mewn mannau cyhoeddus. Felly, rydw i'n meddwl bod deddfwriaeth yn gallu bod yn yriant i newid ymddygiad. Y cwestiwn ydy: beth ydy'r gyriant yna o safbwynt cynllunio ieithyddol? Mae'n hawdd, ar un lefel, rhoi lefi ar fagiau plastig, onid ydy, ond nid yw mor amlwg i adnabod beth ydy'r peth yna sy'n gwneud y gwahaniaeth o safbwynt darbwyllo rhieni i ddewis gofal ac addysg Gymraeg i'w plant. Felly, rydw i'n meddwl bod strategaeth Cymraeg 2050 yn gosod her enfawr inni - her glodwiw ac yn un rydym ni'n sicr yn ei chefnogi - ac mae rhan o'r broblem ydy'r diffyg cyd-gynllunio, neu ddiffyg cydlyniant, sydd yn bodoli rhwng Mesur y Gymraeg a'r anghenion sy'n dod o gynllunio ar gyfer gofal plant ac addysg.