English: The 2011 Measure has been a step forward and has given the language status - official status - which is an important issue. Moving from language schemes to standards has made a difference, even though there are criticisms to be made in terms of the standards. But also I agree with Gwenllian that the range of the standards is problematic in that they don't have an impact on a number of organisations or types of organisations that would be able to influence very much the everyday lives of people - Crown institutions and also parts of the private sector. Perhaps we'll go into more detail in terms of the standards, but, to come back to one of the main principles of the 1993 Act that's then been passed on to the 2011 Measure, one of the basic principles, I think, that is problematic really is this principle of not treating the Welsh language less favourably than English, and that that is the basis for everything we do. It is a basis, first of all, that is negative. That is, you shouldn't treat the Welsh language worse than English. But also it doesn't consider the difference in terms of the status of both languages and the power and force of both languages. That is, treating both languages is in the same way is not going to do what is required to promote the Welsh language to reach the 2050 targets. This idea of equality versus equity - what is needed is to provide some sort of statutory basis that allows things to be done in favour of the Welsh language to align the situation and to create a level playing field, not to treat them in the same way. I have a list of examples, but the Learner Travel (Wales) Measure 2008 is a very clear one, where there was no means of making the Welsh language part of the definition of 'closest suitable school', and then you had this workaround where you had to say there was a duty to promote access to Welsh-medium education, but it leaves that to the discretion of local authorities. Essentially, it came down to legal advice that there was no way of treating Welsh-medium education and the Welsh language differently to access to English-medium education. So, I think that principle in the legislation is problematic, and being able to change that would open the door to make much more progress in terms of reaching the targets.
Welsh: Mae Deddf 2011 yn gam ymlaen - wedi bod, yn sicr. Rwy'n cytuno bod rhoi statws i'r iaith - statws swyddogol - yn beth pwysig. Mae symud o gynlluniau iaith i safonau wedi gwneud gwahaniaeth, er bod yna feirniadaethau i'w gwneud ynghylch y safonau. Ond hefyd rwy'n cytuno gyda Gwenllian fod cwmpas y safonau yn broblematig yn yr ystyr nad ydyn nhw ddim yn effeithio ar nifer o gyrff, neu fathau o gyrff, fyddai'n gallu dylanwadu'n fawr ar fywydau dydd i ddydd pobl - sefydliadau'r Goron a hefyd rhannau o'r sector breifat. Efallai y byddwn ni'n mynd i fwy o fanylder wedyn ynghylch y safonau, ond i ddod yn ôl, efallai, at un o brif egwyddorion Deddf 1993 sydd wedi ei basio wedyn i Fesur 2011, un o'r egwyddorion sylfaenol rydw i'n credu sydd yn broblematig go iawn yw'r egwyddor yma o beidio â thrin y Gymraeg yn llai ffafriol na'r Saesneg, ac mai dyna yw'r sylfaen ar gyfer popeth rydym ni'n ei wneud. Mae'n sylfaen, i gychwyn, negyddol, os liciwch chi. Hynny yw, na ddylech chi ddim trin y Gymraeg yn waeth na'r Saesneg. Ond hefyd nid yw'n cymryd i ystyriaeth y gwahaniaeth o ran statws y ddwy iaith a phŵer a grym y ddwy iaith. Hynny yw, nid yw trin y ddwy iaith yn yr un modd ddim yn mynd i wneud yr hyn sydd ei angen i hyrwyddo'r Gymraeg i gyrraedd at dargedau 2050. Y syniad yma o equality versus equity - beth sydd ei angen yw gallu rhoi rhyw sylfaen mewn deddfwriaeth sy'n caniatáu gwneud pethau o blaid y Gymraeg er mwyn unioni'r sefyllfa a chreu tir gwastad rhwng y ddwy iaith, nid eu trin nhw yn yr un modd. Hynny yw, mae gen i restr o enghreifftiau, ond mae'r Mesur Teithio gan Ddysgwyr (Cymru) 2008 yn un amlwg iawn, iawn, lle bu dim modd gwneud y Gymraeg yn rhan o'r diffiniad o 'ysgol addas agosaf', ac wedyn mae gyda chi'r math o workaround yma lle mae'n rhaid dweud bod yna ddyletswydd i hybu a hyrwyddo mynediad at addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg, ond mae e'n gadael hynny at ddisgresiwn yr awdurdodau lleol. Yn y bôn, roedd e'n dod lawr i gyngor cyfreithiol nad oedd dim modd trin addysg cyfrwng Cymraeg a'r Gymraeg yn wahanol i fynediad at addysg Saesneg. Felly, rydw i'n credu bod yr egwyddor yna yn y ddeddfwriaeth yn broblematig, a byddai gallu newid hynny yn agor y drws i wneud llawer o ddaioni wrth gyrraedd at y targedau.