English: Can I thank Simon Thomas for bringing this forward today? Because I think it's an important proposal that he is putting down, and I took part in the debate in February 2015 in relation to fracking. Michelle Brown has highlighted, and I agree with her, that there is a mix of energy generation that is required. We all accept that. But it's also important that, when we do that, we balance that with the safety of the environment. Therefore, we must look at those considerations, and I err on the side of the lack of evidence for safe fracking at this point, and that's particularly important, because that is what we're talking about, hydraulic fracturing - as we all know it, fracking - and the implications of that. Across the globe, environmental groups have mounted significant protests against fracking, citing the fact that the detrimental environmental impact that shale gas extraction may have could prove to be substantial. And that's it: we don't know, and I'd rather err on the side of safety. There is no doubt that public concern is significant around fracking and the related industrial processes. As Simon Thomas highlighted, there is one application possibly waiting to come in, within - . Actually, it's not Pontrhydyfen; it's in Cwmafan, technically, because it's in my own ward - but it is a concern. And boreholes have been approved, because there's no control on boreholes. So, we should look at - . If you are going to look at it, expand, look beyond just fracking itself; look at the boreholes and the processes beforehand that can lead to the concerns of communities, not to understand the whole process. Cut it straight away and we are better off. Dirprwy Lywydd - Llywydd, sorry - there are many gaps in the scientific literature regarding these impacts and, as a result, public debate often relies on information and anecdotal sources. We need to get the evidence. David Melding was quite right: evidence is important. But we need to have the evidence of safety or not safety, and that's not there. And the analysis of geological structures - as Simon Thomas said, our strata are different here in Wales compared to - the Vale of Glamorgan, perhaps, compared to Blackpool. We need to have that investigation. Scientists from Global Responsibility and the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health have published reports that reviewed current evidence, all issuing the fact that there are concerns. The many environmental risks have already been mentioned - I won't mention them all. But we also talk about health and safety aspects. We forget sometimes that there are workers on these sites, and Cornell University in the US actually conducted research that found that exposure to gas drilling operations was strongly implicated in serious health effects on humans and animals. And the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health released a hazard alert on data collected that workers may be exposed to dust with high levels of respirable crystalline silica - silicon dioxide - during fracking. So, there are serious health implications for workers. These can go on to people around the communities because, unlike America, we have tight spaces. And, unlike America, we have the opportunity perhaps now to do things. It was mentioned by Huw Irranca-Davies that places in America are changing American laws. But New York State has banned fracking. Maryland has banned fracking. There are countries and regions that have banned fracking, and while we may not be the leader this time, I think we should definitely follow.
Welsh: A gaf fi ddiolch i Simon Thomas am gyflwyno hwn heddiw? Oherwydd rwy'n credu ei fod yn cyflwyno cynnig pwysig, a chymerais ran yn y ddadl ar ffracio ym mis Chwefror 2015. Mae Michelle Brown wedi amlinellu bod angen cymysgedd o ffyrdd o gynhyrchu ynni ac rwy'n cytuno â hi. Mae pawb ohonom yn derbyn hynny. Ond mae hefyd yn bwysig, pan fyddwn yn gwneud hynny, ein bod yn cydbwyso hynny â diogelwch yr amgylchedd. Felly, mae'n rhaid i ni edrych ar yr ystyriaethau hynny, ac rwy'n gwyro tuag at y diffyg tystiolaeth o blaid ffracio diogel ar y pwynt hwn, ac mae hynny'n arbennig o bwysig, oherwydd dyna rydym yn siarad amdano, hollti hydrolig - ffracio, fel rydym i gyd yn ei adnabod - a goblygiadau hynny. Ar draws y byd, mae grwpiau amgylcheddol wedi cynnal nifer sylweddol o brotestiadau yn erbyn ffracio, gan nodi'r ffaith y gallai'r effaith amgylcheddol niweidiol y gall echdynnu nwy siâl ei chael fod yn sylweddol. A dyna ni: nid ydym yn gwybod, a buasai'n well gennyf fod yn or-ofalus. Nid oes amheuaeth fod yna bryder cyhoeddus sylweddol ynglŷn â ffracio a'r prosesau diwydiannol cysylltiedig. Fel y nododd Simon Thomas, mae yna un cais sydd o bosibl yn aros i ddod i mewn, o fewn - . Nid ym Mhont-rhyd-y-fen y mae mewn gwirionedd; mae yng Nghwmafan, yn dechnegol, oherwydd mae wedi'i leoli yn fy ward fy hun - ond mae'n bryder. Ac mae tyllau turio wedi cael eu cymeradwyo, gan nad oes rheolaeth ar dyllau turio. Felly, dylem edrych ar - . Os ydych am edrych arno, ehangwch, edrychwch y tu hwnt i'r ffracio ei hun; edrychwch ymlaen llaw ar y tyllau turio a'r prosesau a all arwain at bryderon cymunedau, nid ceisio deall y broses gyfan. Torrwch ef yn syth, a byddwn yn well ein byd. Dirprwy Lywydd - Llywydd, sori - mae llawer o fylchau yn y llenyddiaeth wyddonol mewn perthynas â'r effeithiau hyn ac o ganlyniad mae trafodaeth gyhoeddus yn aml yn dibynnu ar wybodaeth a ffynonellau anecdotaidd. Mae angen i ni gael y dystiolaeth. Roedd David Melding yn llygad ei le: mae tystiolaeth yn bwysig. Ond mae angen inni gael tystiolaeth o ddiogelwch neu ddiffyg diogelwch, ac nid yw hwnnw yno. A dadansoddi strwythurau daearegol - fel y dywedodd Simon Thomas, mae ein strata'n wahanol yma yng Nghymru o gymharu â - Bro Morgannwg, efallai, o'i gymharu â Blackpool. Mae angen i ni gael yr ymchwiliad hwnnw. Mae gwyddonwyr o Global Responsibility a Sefydliad Siartredig Iechyd yr Amgylchedd wedi cyhoeddi adroddiadau sy'n adolygu'r dystiolaeth gyfredol, ac mae pob un yn cyhoeddi'r ffaith bod yna bryderon. Mae'r amryw o beryglon amgylcheddol eisoes wedi cael eu crybwyll - nid wyf am grybwyll pob un. Ond rydym hefyd yn sôn am agweddau iechyd a diogelwch. Rydym yn anghofio weithiau fod gweithwyr ar y safleoedd hyn, ac mae Prifysgol Cornell yn yr Unol Daleithiau wedi gwneud gwaith ymchwil a ddangosai fod dod i gysylltiad â gweithgarwch drilio nwy yn chwarae rhan fawr mewn effeithiau difrifol ar iechyd pobl ac anifeiliaid. A rhyddhaodd y Sefydliad Cenedlaethol dros Iechyd a Diogelwch Galwedigaethol rybudd perygl ar ddata a gasglwyd y gallai gweithwyr ddod i gysylltiad â llwch gyda lefelau uchel o silica crisialog anadladwy - silicon deuocsid - yn ystod y broses o ffracio. Felly, mae goblygiadau iechyd difrifol i weithwyr. Gall y rhain gael eu trosglwyddo i bobl o gwmpas y cymunedau oherwydd, yn wahanol i America, mae gennym ofodau cyfyngedig. Ac yn wahanol i America, mae gennym gyfle yn awr, o bosibl, i wneud pethau. Cafodd ei grybwyll gan Huw Irranca-Davies fod mannau yn America yn newid cyfreithiau Americanaidd. Ond mae talaith Efrog Newydd wedi gwahardd ffracio. Mae Maryland wedi gwahardd ffracio. Mae yna wledydd a rhanbarthau sydd wedi gwahardd ffracio, ac er nad ni fydd yn arwain y tro hwn, rwy'n credu'n bendant y dylem ddilyn.