English: Wales has a long history of internationalism. Solidarity movements have existed for generations, with communities as far afield as Somaliland, as we know from Wales's coal-trading history and long-settled diaspora; Lesotho, through Dolen Cymru, founded in 1982, which after all was the world's first nation-to-nation twinning; and Uganda, where several charities have worked over four decades. Let's take the Wales for Africa programme as a prime example. The programme connects professionals in health, education and the environmental sectors and diaspora in Wales and Africa, and harnesses the power of community-based collaborative civil society links. Rather than professional agencies or staff in country offices, projects take place through volunteers in direct contact with in-country local partners, in domains such as health, education, climate change and water. Wales for Africa catalyses huge amounts of community work here in Wales, raising awareness and funds at a local level, and Welsh Government funding of course has supported this through capacity building; the co-ordination of Wales's fair trade movement, with Wales becoming the world's first Fairtrade Nation in 2008; efforts to mitigate climate change, including the Size of Wales project to help protect an area of rainforest the size of Wales; and volunteer placements for professionals. So, we do understand here in Wales the benefits of working collaboratively at the international level to help our fellow people abroad, but with the contributions of my fellow Members in mind, can we really, honestly, hand on heart, state that we're making a net positive contribution to the world, when our consumption at the domestic level is actively driving climate change, biodiversity decline and the loss of culture? How can we simultaneously preach for sustainability and cultural preservation here in Wales while contributing to what amounts to cultural and environmental genocide in lands afar? Let's look again to another case study - one championed by the Size of Wales - the cause of the Guarani people. The Guarani are one of the largest groups of indigenous people in Latin America, and their ancestral territory sits in the Atlantic forest in Brazil, only 7 per cent of which remains intact. The Atlantic forest still holds about 5 per cent of the world's biodiversity, and it provides water to around 67 per cent of the Brazilian population. They nourish, protect and respect the land, plants, animals and insects, regarding their lives as equal, and they never seek to gain dominion and power over nature or exploit it. Despite the forest suffering huge levels of deforestation, vegetation cover within legally recognised Guarani land stands at nearly 100 per cent, exemplifying the fact that indigenous peoples are the best guardians of the world's forests. But consumption patterns at the domestic level cast a long, dark shadow on these indigenous cultures abroad. Powerful economic forces are threatening the few lands the Guarani have been able to defend, and preventing them from demarcating and protecting the remainder of their ancestral home, through things like mineral ore production and large-scale infrastructure projects. Indeed, Guarani territories are currently threatened by up to 178 million hectares of legal deforestation on private land, and up to 115 million hectares of illegal deforestation in currently protected indigenous territories: a total area of more than 12 times the size of the United Kingdom. These threats were driven at least in part by the damaging premiership of Jair Bolsonaro, which was characterised by corruption, greed and extreme lack of regard for indigenous rights and the rights of the natural world. But the degradation of habitats is driven by a much more fundamental behaviour, which is consumption. We are responsible for some of this consumption-derived damage, and we need to be honest about that. As a nation, we have tried to atone for our past crimes, such as our role in colonialism and empire among them, but we've also had a role to play in global climate change, in habitat loss, and our behaviour today is still driving deforestation abroad; an extractive economic relationship built on greed that destroys native cultures and habitats. So, we urge the Welsh Government to support international projects and initiatives aimed at preserving and restoring forests in the main commodity, and in responding to the debate, I hope that the Minister can outline how Welsh Government intends to achieve these aims to ensure that Wales is a globally responsible nation, not just for the climate, but for people and their cultures too.
Welsh: Mae gan Gymru hanes hir o ryngwladoliaeth. Mae mudiadau undod wedi bodoli ers cenedlaethau gyda chymunedau mor bell i ffwrdd â Somalia, fel y gwyddom o hanes masnachu glo Cymru a'i diaspora hirsefydlog; Lesotho, drwy Dolen Cymru, a sefydlwyd yn 1982, a oedd, wedi'r cyfan, yn enghraifft gyntaf y byd o efeillio rhwng gwledydd; ac Uganda, lle mae sawl elusen wedi gweithio dros bedwar degawd. Gadewch inni gymryd enghraifft wych rhaglen Cymru o Blaid Affrica. Mae'r rhaglen yn cysylltu gweithwyr proffesiynol yn y sector iechyd, y sector addysg a'r sectorau amgylcheddol a diaspora yng Nghymru ac Affrica, ac yn harneisio pŵer cysylltiadau cymdeithas sifil cydweithredol yn y gymuned. Yn hytrach nag asiantau neu staff proffesiynol mewn swyddfeydd cenedlaethol, mae prosiectau'n digwydd drwy wirfoddolwyr mewn cysylltiad uniongyrchol â phartneriaid lleol yn y wlad, mewn meysydd fel iechyd, addysg, newid hinsawdd a dŵr. Mae Cymru o blaid Affrica yn gatalydd i lawer iawn o waith cymunedol yma yng Nghymru, gan godi ymwybyddiaeth ac arian ar lefel leol, ac mae cyllid Llywodraeth Cymru wrth gwrs wedi cefnogi hyn trwy feithrin capasiti; cydlynu mudiad masnach deg Cymru, gyda Chymru'n dod yn Genedl Masnach Deg gyntaf y byd yn 2008; ymdrechion i liniaru newid hinsawdd, gan gynnwys prosiect Maint Cymru i helpu i ddiogelu ardal o fforestydd glaw maint Cymru; a lleoliadau gwaith gwirfoddol ar gyfer gweithwyr proffesiynol. Felly, rydym yn deall yma yng Nghymru beth yw manteision gweithio ar y cyd ar y lefel ryngwladol i helpu ein cymheiriaid dramor, ond gyda chyfraniadau fy nghyd-Aelodau mewn cof, a allwn ni'n onest, â'n llaw ar ein calonnau, ddatgan ein bod yn gwneud cyfraniad net cadarnhaol i'r byd, pan fo'n defnydd ar y lefel ddomestig yn gyrru newid hinsawdd, dirywiad bioamrywiaeth a cholli diwylliant? Sut y gallwn bregethu ar yr un pryd am gynaliadwyedd a gwarchod diwylliant yma yng Nghymru tra bôm yn cyfrannu at yr hyn sy'n hil-laddiad diwylliannol ac amgylcheddol mewn tiroedd pell? Beth am edrych eto ar astudiaeth achos arall - un a hyrwyddwyd gan Maint Cymru - sef achos pobl Guarani. Mae'r Guarani yn un o'r grwpiau mwyaf o bobl frodorol yn America Ladin, ac mae tiriogaeth eu hynafiaid yng nghoedwig yr Iwerydd ym Mrasil, coedwig nad oes ond 7 y cant ohoni'n dal heb ei difa. Mae coedwig yr Iwerydd yn dal i gynnal tua 5 y cant o fioamrywiaeth y byd, ac mae'n darparu dŵr i tua 67 y cant o boblogaeth Brasil. Maent yn maethu, yn diogelu ac yn parchu'r tir, y planhigion, yr anifeiliaid a'r pryfed, ac yn ystyried eu bywydau'n gyfartal, ac nid ydynt yn ceisio cael goruchafiaeth a phŵer dros fyd natur na'i ecsbloetio. Er bod y goedwig yn dioddef lefelau enfawr o ddatgoedwigo, mae'r gorchudd llystyfiant yn y tiroedd Guarani a gydnabyddir yn gyfreithiol bron yn 100 y cant, sy'n dangos mai pobl frodorol yw gwarcheidwaid gorau coedwigoedd y byd. Ond mae patrymau bwyta ar y lefel ddomestig yn taflu cysgod hir a thywyll dros y diwylliannau brodorol hyn dramor. Mae grymoedd economaidd pwerus yn bygwth yr ychydig diroedd y mae'r Guarani wedi gallu eu hamddiffyn, ac yn eu hatal rhag gosod terfynau a diogelu'r gweddill o diriogaeth eu hynafiaid, drwy bethau fel cynhyrchu mwynau a phrosiectau seilwaith mawr. Yn wir, mae tiriogaethau Guarani yn cael eu bygwth ar hyn o bryd gan hyd at 178 miliwn hectar o ddatgoedwigo cyfreithlon ar dir preifat, a hyd at 115 miliwn hectar o ddatgoedwigo anghyfreithlon mewn tiriogaethau brodorol a ddiogelir ar hyn o bryd: cyfanswm arwynebedd o fwy na 12 gwaith maint y Deyrnas Unedig. Gyrrwyd y bygythiadau hyn yn rhannol o leiaf gan arlywyddiaeth niweidiol Jair Bolsonaro, a nodweddwyd gan lygredd, trachwant a diffyg parch eithafol tuag at hawliau brodorol a hawliau byd natur. Ond mae dirywiad cynefinoedd yn cael ei yrru gan ymddygiad llawer mwy sylfaenol, sef defnydd. Ni sy'n gyfrifol am beth o'r difrod sy'n deillio o ddefnydd, ac mae angen inni fod yn onest am hynny. Fel cenedl, rydym wedi ceisio gwneud iawn am ein troseddau yn y gorffennol, yn cynnwys ein rôl yn sefydlu trefedigaethau ac ymerodraeth, ond rydym hefyd wedi cyfrannu at newid hinsawdd byd-eang, at golli cynefinoedd, ac mae ein hymddygiad heddiw yn dal i yrru datgoedwigo dramor; perthynas economaidd echdynnol a adeiladwyd ar drachwant sy'n dinistrio diwylliannau brodorol a chynefinoedd. Felly, rydym yn annog Llywodraeth Cymru i gefnogi prosiectau a mentrau rhyngwladol gyda'r nod o gadw ac adfer coedwigoedd, ac wrth ymateb i'r ddadl, rwy'n gobeithio y gall y Gweinidog amlinellu sut y bwriada Llywodraeth Cymru gyflawni'r nodau hyn er mwyn sicrhau bod Cymru'n genedl sy'n gyfrifol ar lefel fyd-eang, nid yn unig mewn perthynas â'r hinsawdd, ond mewn perthynas â phobl a'u diwylliannau hefyd.