English: Thank you, Janet, for tabling this debate. As a Member who represents a sizeable stretch of our coastline, I like to remind people that Welsh seas are more than a third larger than the Welsh land mass. So, marine planning is critical to many policies and priorities, from climate change to biodiversity, economic development to energy security. As a member of the Senedd committee that recently reported on the Welsh Government's marine policies, I have looked at how these competing and overlapping demands are being managed and balanced. Ever since we reported, which was last month, the scales have significantly tipped. The war in Ukraine has put energy security and curbing fossil fuel imports at the top of the agenda. The Welsh Government was, of course, already committed to decreasing carbon emissions by 95 per cent by 2050. The sanctions against Russia highlight why that is a national security as well as a climate security issue. We will hear a lot more about electricity generation from offshore wind, wave and tidal currents coming in the weeks and months ahead. Wales, of course, is best placed - literally, geographically - to generate these sustainable forms of energy. In west Wales, we have the Pembrokeshire demonstration zone and Wave Hub. Like the other energy-generation zones, it leases its right to use the sea bed from the Crown Estate, which Janet has just mentioned. And if devolving the estate can help us meet our aspiration to be a world leader in renewable energy, we must, of course, pursue that. But we must also ensure we have a robust plan to site and develop these technologies sensitively and appropriately to mitigate and minimise impacts on marine ecosystems and blue carbon stores. I agree with Janet on that. I mention blue carbon because as well as the ecologically sensitive areas and vulnerable habitats and species that the motion lists, we must also consider blue carbon habitats and stores, sequestration and restoration. At least 113 million tonnes of carbon are stored in Welsh marine habitats, nearly 10 years' worth of Welsh carbon emissions. So, they're critical to achieving our climate change goals. NRW is due to publish a report documenting the carbon sequestration potential for the existing marine protected areas soon, and I look forward to reading that. Welsh Labour has a manifesto commitment to restore coastal habitat restoration. We could extend that to include both blue carbon and ecologically significant habitats in the Welsh sea area. Going forward, the overarching aim should be to protect, restore and enhance blue carbon habitats, like seagrass meadow, at every opportunity.
Welsh: Diolch, Janet, am gyflwyno'r ddadl hon. Fel Aelod sy'n cynrychioli darn sylweddol o'n harfordir, hoffwn atgoffa pobl fod moroedd Cymru yn fwy na thraean yn fwy o faint na thirfas Cymru. Felly, mae cynllunio morol yn allweddol i lawer o bolisïau a blaenoriaethau, o newid hinsawdd i fioamrywiaeth, o ddatblygu economaidd i ddiogelu ffynonellau ynni. Fel aelod o bwyllgor y Senedd a gyflwynodd adroddiad yn ddiweddar ar bolisïau morol Llywodraeth Cymru, rwyf wedi edrych ar sut y mae'r galwadau hyn sy'n cystadlu â'i gilydd ac yn gorgyffwrdd yn cael eu rheoli a'u cydbwyso. Ers inni adrodd fis diwethaf, mae'r sefyllfa wedi newid yn sylweddol. Mae'r rhyfel yn Wcráin wedi rhoi diogelwch ffynonellau ynni a lleihau mewnforion tanwydd ffosil ar frig yr agenda. Wrth gwrs, roedd Llywodraeth Cymru eisoes wedi ymrwymo i leihau allyriadau carbon 95 y cant erbyn 2050. Mae'r sancsiynau yn erbyn Rwsia yn amlygu pam fod hynny'n fater o ddiogelwch gwladol yn ogystal â diogelwch hinsawdd. Byddwn yn clywed llawer mwy am gynhyrchu trydan o ffermydd gwynt ar y môr, ynni'r tonnau a cheryntau llanw dros yr wythnosau a'r misoedd nesaf. Mae Cymru, wrth gwrs, mewn sefyllfa wych - yn llythrennol, yn ddaearyddol - i gynhyrchu'r mathau cynaliadwy hyn o ynni. Yng ngorllewin Cymru, mae gennym ardal arddangos sir Benfro a Wave Hub. Fel yr ardaloedd cynhyrchu ynni eraill, mae'n cael hawl i ddefnyddio gwely'r môr ar brydles gan Ystad y Goron, fel y mae Janet newydd ei grybwyll. Ac os gall datganoli'r ystad ein helpu i gyflawni ein dyhead i fod yn arweinydd byd-eang ym maes ynni adnewyddadwy, mae'n rhaid inni fynd ar drywydd hynny, wrth gwrs. Ond mae'n rhaid inni sicrhau hefyd fod gennym gynllun cadarn i leoli a datblygu'r technolegau hyn mewn modd sensitif a phriodol er mwyn lliniaru a lleihau'r effeithiau ar ecosystemau morol a storfeydd carbon glas. Rwy'n cytuno gyda Janet ynglŷn â hynny. Rwy'n sôn am garbon glas oherwydd, yn ogystal â'r ardaloedd sensitif o safbwynt ecolegol a'r cynefinoedd a'r rhywogaethau dan fygythiad y mae'r cynnig yn eu rhestru, rhaid inni hefyd ystyried cynefinoedd a storfeydd carbon glas, ac atafaelu ac adfer carbon. Mae o leiaf 113 miliwn tunnell o garbon wedi'i storio yng nghynefinoedd morol Cymru, gwerth bron i 10 mlynedd o allyriadau carbon Cymru. Felly, maent yn allweddol i gyflawni ein nodau newid hinsawdd. Mae CNC i fod i gyhoeddi adroddiad cyn bo hir yn dogfennu'r potensial atafaelu carbon ar gyfer yr ardaloedd morol gwarchodedig presennol, ac edrychaf ymlaen at ei ddarllen. Mae gan Lafur Cymru ymrwymiad maniffesto i adfer cynefinoedd arfordirol. Gallem ymestyn hynny i gynnwys cynefinoedd carbon glas a chynefinoedd o bwys ecolegol yn ardal forol Cymru. Wrth symud ymlaen, dylai achub ar bob cyfle i warchod, adfer a gwella cynefinoedd carbon glas, fel dolydd morwellt, fod yn nod trosfwaol.