English: I want to use this opportunity to focus on one aspect, which is children in poverty. I know that other people have also mentioned it, but I just wanted to look at the way in which we look after our children. Prue Leith, one of the most iconic cookery experts, said at the Hay Festival last week that food is a demonstration of love and, frankly, we don't love our children enough, because too many families don't cook meals and rely instead on pre-prepared dishes that are often adulterated with sugar, salt and fat to increase their profits. Poverty is a really complex issue, because although class, as John quite rightly said, is a major determinant, nevertheless there are different people within the working class who have different responses to the challenges of low wages, of inadequate schooling and all the rest of it. So, it's a really complex issue. The power of the advertising industry is certainly a factor in this issue, and the way it comes back to the Government's strategy is that school meals are often the only proper meal that many children get. And then, as the Bevan Foundation's 'Holiday Hunger' report has pointed out, the problem becomes acute in the holidays, when that school meal is no longer available. Now, the school holiday enrichment programme, which was trialled only two or three years ago, has been very successful in demonstrating that it really does have a major impact on those children who take part in it. Food Cardiff did some research that showed that one third of those children had gone without a meal the previous day before they came to the Food and Fun holiday scheme. So, while it's fantastic that the new Welsh Government has committed a further £400,000 to this scheme, it is a drop in the ocean when we look at the actual statistics. Some 2,500 schoolchildren benefited from this system last summer; hopefully, there'll be a lot more this summer. But it really isn't touching the at least 76,000 children who are eligible for free school meals in Wales and the 160,000 to 180,000 children who are living in relative poverty, many of them in working households. We know that getting a job is the best route out of poverty. Seventy per cent of children are living in workless households, 35 per cent in families where there is one earner, and 15 per cent even in households where there are two wage earners. So, part of that is down to the rubbish wages that some employers pay. I met a man on the street in my constituency this morning who told me that he was offered a job for £4.50 an hour in a restaurant. This is completely illegal, because it's about half the minimum wage. But I'm sure that that is what many companies are getting away with because there isn't enough enforcement going on. I just want to look at who is actually eligible for a free school meal, because we know that, on school census day in 2017-18, fewer than half the children who live in relative income poverty and are in full-time education in Wales actually received a free school meal, and one quarter of the children who were eligible for a free school meal didn't eat one. Even some of the ones who were actually signed up as being eligible didn't actually take it up. So, this is a really complicated problem. Who is eligible today, now that we have not just income support and employment and support allowance, but also universal credit? Well, the Welsh Government had to restrict those on universal credit to those with a net earnings threshold of £7,400 after housing costs had been taken into consideration. It's a very blunt instrument, because a household where there are two adults and one child needs less income than a household where there are two adults and three children. So, by setting a cap that only considers earned income, the Welsh Government, unfortunately, is exacerbating poverty in larger families, a group that are already at greater risk of living in poverty. There are lots of different ways in which we could tackle the issues of inadequate diet in health, educational attainment being lower, as well as the really challenging problem we have of obesity. But we live in a country where one third of all the food produced never reaches the table; it's thrown away. So, there has to be a way in which we can resolve this problem and we have to look at what we can do to resolve it, because the difference between local authorities about who gets a free school meal, even if they're in debt on their cashless system in secondary schools, there's a huge difference in that, and there's a huge difference in the level of school meal debt between different local authorities - from £770 in Rhondda Cynon Taf to a whacking £85,000 in Gwynedd.
Welsh: Rwyf am ddefnyddio'r cyfle hwn i ganolbwyntio ar un agwedd, sef plant mewn tlodi. Gwn fod pobl eraill wedi sôn amdano hefyd, ond roeddwn am edrych ar y ffordd y gofalwn am ein plant. Dywedodd Prue Leith, un o'r arbenigwyr coginio mwyaf eiconig, yng Ngŵyl y Gelli yr wythnos diwethaf fod bwyd yn arddangosiad o gariad ac a dweud y gwir, nid ydym yn caru ein plant ddigon, oherwydd mae gormod o deuluoedd nad ydynt yn coginio prydau bwyd ac yn dibynnu yn hytrach ar brydau parod sy'n aml wedi'u lygru â siwgr, halen a braster er mwyn cynyddu eu helw. Mae tlodi'n fater cymhleth iawn, oherwydd er bod dosbarth, fel y dywedodd John yn gwbl gywir, yn benderfynydd mawr, serch hynny ceir gwahanol bobl o fewn y dosbarth gweithiol sydd ag ymatebion gwahanol i heriau cyflogau isel, addysg annigonol a'r gweddill i gyd. Felly, mae'n fater cymhleth iawn. Mae grym y diwydiant hysbysebu yn sicr yn ffactor yn y mater hwn, a'r ffordd y daw'n ôl at strategaeth y Llywodraeth yw mai prydau ysgol yn aml yw'r unig bryd iawn y mae llawer o blant yn ei gael. Ac yna, fel y nododd adroddiad 'Holiday Hunger' Sefydliad Bevan, mae'r broblem yn tyfu'n un ddifrifol yn y gwyliau pan nad yw'r pryd ysgol hwnnw ar gael mwyach. Nawr, mae'r rhaglen gyfoethogi gwyliau ysgol, a gafodd ei threialu ddwy neu dair blynedd yn ôl, wedi llwyddo i ddangos ei bod yn cael effaith wirioneddol fawr ar y plant sy'n cymryd rhan ynddi. Gwnaeth Bwyd Caerdydd waith ymchwil a ddangosai fod traean o'r plant hynny wedi mynd heb bryd o fwyd y diwrnod cynt cyn iddynt ddod i'r cynllun gwyliau Bwyd a Hwyl. Felly, er ei bod yn wych fod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymrwymo £400,000 arall i'r cynllun hwn, nid yw ond yn ddiferyn yn y môr pan edrychwn ar yr ystadegau eu hunain. Cafodd tua 2,500 o blant ysgol fudd o'r system hon yr haf diwethaf; gobeithio y bydd llawer mwy yr haf yma. Ond nid yw'n cyffwrdd â'r 76,000 o blant, fan lleiaf, sy'n gymwys i gael prydau ysgol am ddim yng Nghymru a'r 160,000 i 180,000 o blant sy'n byw mewn tlodi cymharol, a llawer ohonynt ar aelwydydd sy'n gweithio. Gwyddom mai cael swydd yw'r llwybr gorau allan o dlodi. Mae 70 y cant o blant yn byw mewn cartrefi lle nad oes neb mewn gwaith, 35 y cant mewn cartrefi lle mae un yn ennill cyflog, a 15 y cant mewn cartrefi lle mae dau o bobl yn ennill cyflog hyd yn oed. Felly, mae rhan o hynny oherwydd y cyflogau gwael y mae rhai cyflogwyr yn eu talu. Cyfarfûm â dyn ar y stryd yn fy etholaeth y bore yma a ddywedodd wrthyf ei fod wedi cael cynnig swydd am £4.50 yr awr mewn bwyty. Mae hyn yn gwbl anghyfreithlon, am mai hanner yr isafswm cyflog ydyw. Ond rwy'n siŵr fod llawer o gwmnïau'n cael rhwydd hynt i wneud hynny am nad oes digon o orfodaeth yn digwydd. Rwyf am edrych ar bwy sy'n gymwys i gael pryd ysgol am ddim, oherwydd gwyddom, ar ddiwrnod y cyfrifiad ysgol yn 2017-18, fod llai na hanner y plant sy'n byw mewn tlodi incwm cymharol ac sydd mewn addysg amser llawn yng Nghymru wedi cael pryd ysgol am ddim mewn gwirionedd, ac ni wnaeth chwarter y plant a oedd yn gymwys i gael pryd ysgol am ddim fwyta'r pryd hwnnw. Ni fanteisiodd rhai o'r plant ar y pryd ysgol am ddim er eu bod yn gymwys i'w gael. Felly, mae hon yn broblem wirioneddol gymhleth. Pwy sy'n gymwys heddiw, gan fod gennym y credyd cynhwysol hefyd yn ogystal â chymhorthdal incwm a lwfans cyflogaeth a chymorth? Wel, bu'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru gyfyngu'r rhai ar gredyd cynhwysol i'r rhai a oedd â throthwy enillion net o £7,400 ar ôl ystyried costau tai. Mae'n ddull anfanwl iawn, oherwydd mae aelwyd gyda dau oedolyn ac un plentyn angen llai o incwm nag aelwyd gyda dau oedolyn a thri o blant. Felly, drwy osod cap sy'n ystyried incwm a enillir yn unig, yn anffodus mae Llywodraeth Cymru'n gwaethygu tlodi mewn teuluoedd mwy o faint, grŵp sydd eisoes mewn mwy o berygl o fod yn byw mewn tlodi. Ceir llawer o ffyrdd gwahanol y gallem fynd i'r afael â phroblemau deiet annigonol i iechyd, gyda chyrhaeddiad addysgol yn is, yn ogystal â'r broblem wirioneddol heriol sydd gennym gyda gordewdra. Ond rydym yn byw mewn gwlad lle nad yw traean o'r holl fwyd a gynhyrchir byth yn cyrraedd y bwrdd; caiff ei daflu. Felly, rhaid inni gael ffordd o ddatrys y broblem hon a rhaid inni edrych ar yr hyn y gallwn ei wneud i'w datrys, oherwydd y gwahaniaeth rhwng awdurdodau lleol o ran pwy sy'n cael pryd ysgol am ddim, hyd yn oed os ydynt mewn dyled yn eu system heb arian parod mewn ysgolion uwchradd, mae gwahaniaeth enfawr yn hynny, ac mae gwahaniaeth enfawr yn lefel y ddyled prydau ysgol rhwng gwahanol awdurdodau lleol - o £770 yn Rhondda Cynon Taf i'r swm enfawr o £85,000 yng Ngwynedd.