English: Electric vehicles rely on batteries. Batteries require cobalt, and the vast majority of that is sourced from the Congo - an area rife with conflict. Furthermore, children are exploited to work in the cobalt mines for slave wages, and much of the profits the companies make is used to fund civil war. The term 'blood batteries' has now entered the lexicon of those talking about development of electric vehicles, and we must ensure that we're no part of it. We have to make sure that in our scramble to find a different form of fuel for our cars we don't end up fuelling conflict, poverty and child labour - however many miles away it is from Wales. Tesla have reportedly said that they're looking to source cobalt from Cuba, but in the global scramble for this finite resource, once the ethical sources have been depleted, it will be sourced from less ethical sources. There will be no other choice. Therefore, where point 2 (b) mentions a strategy to move towards using electrical vehicles, please can we ensure that a constant element of that strategy is to only use vehicles that are free of conflict materials or blood batteries? But it's not just the ethical sourcing that concerns me. Some of the practicalities have to be sorted before we rush towards mass use of electrical vehicles. The biggest problem is obviously going to be the recharging. Where, at the moment, we can fill up quickly mid journey, there's not the infrastructure or technology that allows that to the same degree at the moment, and other speakers have alluded to that. Many petrol stations, even now, have a queue of cars waiting for the petrol pumps, and I appreciate that charging points don't have to be restricted to the petrol stations, but there will have to be some centralised charging points for people to use when they're actually en route. So, we've already got queues; how big are these recharging centres going to have to be if a recharge takes, say, 30 minutes as opposed to a five-minute pit stop to just fill up with petrol or diesel? What happens if a car runs out of charge before it can get to a recharging point? The driver can't exactly take a petrol can up the road to a filling station.
Welsh: Mae cerbydau trydan yn dibynnu ar fatris. Mae angen cobalt ar fatris, a daw'r rhan helaeth ohono o'r Congo - ardal sy'n rhemp o wrthdaro. At hynny, manteisir ar blant i weithio yn y mwyngloddiau cobalt ar gyflog caethweision, a defnyddir llawer o'r elw a wna'r cwmnïau i ariannu rhyfel cartref. Mae'r term 'batris gwaed' bellach wedi mynd yn rhan o eirfa'r rhai sy'n sôn am ddatblygu cerbydau trydan, a rhaid inni sicrhau nad ydym yn rhan ohono. Mae'n rhaid i ni wneud yn siŵr, wrth inni sgrialu i ddod o hyd i ffurf wahanol ar danwydd ar gyfer ein ceir, nad ydym yn hybu wrthdaro, tlodi a llafur plant wrth wneud hynny - ni waeth pa mor bell o Gymru y mae. Yn ôl y sôn, mae Tesla wedi dweud eu bod yn ystyried cael cobalt o Cuba, ond yn yr ymdrech fyd-eang i ddod o hyd i'r adnodd cyfyngedig hwn, ar ôl dihysbyddu'r ffynonellau moesegol, fe ddaw o ffynonellau llai moesegol. Ni fydd dewis arall. Felly, lle mae pwynt 2 (b) yn sôn am strategaeth i symud tuag at ddefnyddio cerbydau trydanol, a gawn ni sicrhau mai elfen gyson yn y strategaeth honno yw na fyddwn yn defnyddio cerbydau sy'n cynnwys deunyddiau gwrthdaro neu fatris gwaed? Ond nid y ffynonellau moesegol yn unig sy'n peri pryder i mi. Rhaid datrys rhai o'r agweddau ymarferol cyn inni ruthro tuag at ddefnyddio cerbydau trydan ar raddfa fawr. Y broblem fwyaf, yn amlwg, fydd ailwefru. Lle gallwn ail-lenwi'n gyflym ar ein taith ar hyn o bryd, ni cheir seilwaith na thechnoleg sy'n caniatáu hynny i'r un graddau yn awr, ac mae siaradwyr eraill wedi cyfeirio at hynny. Mewn llawer o orsafoedd petrol, hyd yn oed yn awr, ceir rhes o geir yn aros am y pympiau petrol, ac rwy'n sylweddoli nad oes rhaid cyfyngu pwyntiau gwefru i orsafoedd petrol, ond bydd yn rhaid cael rhai pwyntiau canolog ar gyfer gwefru i bobl eu defnyddio pan fyddant ar eu taith. Felly, mae gennym giwiau eisoes; pa mor fawr fydd yn rhaid i'r canolfannau ailwefru hyn fod os yw ailwefru'n cymryd, dyweder, 30 munud yn hytrach na phum munud yn unig i lenwi â phetrol neu ddiesel? Beth sy'n digwydd os yw car angen ei ailwefru cyn cyrraedd pwynt ailwefru? Nid yw'r gyrrwr yn mynd i allu cario can petrol i lawr y lôn i orsaf betrol.