English: Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. I'll see if I can just improve the sound. Sorry about that. Thank you very much for calling me. I was very impressed with the Ogbonna report and particularly its highlighting of the difficulties that asylum seekers and refugees have in accessing mental health services. This is a really important issue. Some years ago, I befriended a boy who was an asylum seeker who had witnessed the murder of his father by political opponents in the country he fled from, and his mother often asked in school for him to get counselling and to get help. But, as he progressed through school and through college, he never managed to get the counselling he needed in order to overcome the adverse childhood experience that he'd had. Unfortunately, he is now, tragically, addicted and has been thrown out by his family. He's now homeless, and it's going to cost an awful lot more money to put things right, if he manages to survive. It's a very sad story, and I'm sure my friend is not alone in all this. It really does highlight the importance of teachers understanding when children are suffering and the need to refer them to services where they can help heal the wounds that children often carry with them. I think one of the important things that's highlighted in the report is that the progress that BAME children make - black pupils have lower attainment than white pupils in early years education, but by the end of key stage 4, when they take their GCSEs, they are slightly out-performing white pupils, which is a credit both to their families and to their teachers. We need to do more, though, because we know that the Gypsy and Traveller community has abysmally low levels of attainment compared to other black and minority ethnic groups, and in discourse that we've had in the Senedd not that long ago, we know that the traveller sites in Wales, only half of them have any form of internet connection, and that means it's extremely difficult both for pupils to access online learning if there's another lockdown, but also for other people who live there to access all the other public services that are now more readily available online. I think that I have to highlight that many of my BAME constituents are disproportionately affected by the COVID pandemic because they're working in areas of the economy where they have no right to sick leave and they're people, for example, working in hospitality and as taxi drivers, who are very, very seriously impacted because they have no right to any support, and as freelancers, it's very difficult for them to get public support. I want to just recognise the terrible struggle of people who come from abroad and who get work permits to come here, and the discrimination and the economic hardship that they go through in order to stay here and the huge cost of renewing their work permits. I think this is one of the things that we need to address when we want to become a nation of sanctuary. There are still so many things that we have to do. We have to recognise that air pollution is a killer and the BAME communities in my constituency are disproportionately living in the areas of highest air pollution. Equally, housing: they're obviously often poorly housed. So, I want to understand that of the - I think it was 25 - recommendations from the Ogbonna report that were deemed to be ones they wanted to be addressed immediately, how are we going to ensure that we're going to take all of these forward when we are struggling with the pandemic? Clearly, the ones that need to take top priority are the ones that impact on the disproportionate numbers of people who have been seriously ill with COVID, or in many cases have died, but this is something we really, really need to address, particularly through the curriculum reform. We need to learn about our own past and the terrible things that we did to people in other countries and some of the injustices that we still haven't rectified as a result of that.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn, Llywydd. Gadewch i mi weld a allaf i wella'r sain. Mae'n ddrwg gen i am hynna. Diolch yn fawr am fy ngalw. Fe wnaeth adroddiad Ogbonna argraff fawr arnaf i ac yn enwedig wrth amlygu'r anawsterau sydd gan geiswyr lloches a ffoaduriaid o ran cael gafael ar wasanaethau iechyd meddwl. Mae hwn yn fater pwysig iawn. Rai blynyddoedd yn ôl, fe ddes i'n ffrindiau gyda bachgen a oedd yn geisiwr lloches a oedd wedi gweld llofruddiaeth ei dad gan wrthwynebwyr gwleidyddol yn y wlad yr oedd yn dianc ohoni, ac roedd ei fam yn aml yn gofyn yn yr ysgol iddo gael cwnsela a chael cymorth. Ond, wrth iddo symud ymlaen drwy'r ysgol a thrwy'r coleg, ni lwyddodd erioed i gael y cwnsela yr oedd ei angen er mwyn goresgyn y profiad niweidiol yn ystod plentyndod yr oedd wedi'i ddioddef. Yn anffodus, mae ef erbyn hyn, yn drasig, yn gaeth i gyffuriau ac wedi cael ei daflu allan gan ei deulu. Mae bellach yn ddigartref, ac mae'n mynd i gostio llawer iawn mwy o arian i unioni pethau, os bydd yn llwyddo i oroesi. Mae'n stori drist iawn, ac rwy'n siŵr nad yw fy ffrind i ar ei ben ei hun yn hyn i gyd. Mae'n tynnu sylw mewn gwirioneddol at ba mor bwysig yw hi bod athrawon yn deall pan fydd plant yn dioddef a'r angen i'w cyfeirio at wasanaethau lle gallan nhw helpu i wella'r clwyfau y mae plant yn aml yn eu cario gyda nhw. Rwy'n credu mai un o'r pethau pwysig y tynnir sylw ato yn yr adroddiad yw bod y cynnydd y mae plant BAME yn ei wneud - mae gan ddisgyblion du gyrhaeddiad is na disgyblion gwyn mewn addysg blynyddoedd cynnar, ond erbyn diwedd cyfnod allweddol 4, pan eu bod yn sefyll eu harholiadau TGAU, maen nhw'n perfformio ychydig yn well na disgyblion gwyn, sy'n glod i'w teuluoedd ac i'w hathrawon. Mae angen i ni wneud mwy, serch hynny, oherwydd rydym ni'n gwybod bod gan y gymuned Sipsiwn a Theithwyr lefelau cyrhaeddiad echrydus o isel o'i gymharu â grwpiau pobl dduon a lleiafrifoedd ethnig eraill, ac o drafodaethau a gawsom yn y Senedd heb fod mor bell yn ôl â hynny, rydym yn gwybod mai dim ond hanner y safleoedd i deithwyr yng Nghymru sydd ag unrhyw fath o gysylltiad â'r rhyngrwyd, ac mae hynny'n golygu ei bod yn anodd iawn i ddisgyblion gael gafael ar ddysgu ar-lein os bydd cyfyngiadau symud eto, ond hefyd i bobl eraill sy'n byw yno gael gafael ar yr holl wasanaethau cyhoeddus eraill sydd bellach ar gael yn haws ar-lein. Rwy'n credu bod yn rhaid i mi dynnu sylw at y ffaith bod pandemig y COVID yn effeithio'n anghymesur ar lawer o'm hetholwyr BAME oherwydd eu bod yn gweithio mewn rhannau o'r economi lle nad oes ganddyn nhw hawl i absenoldeb salwch a'u bod yn bobl, er enghraifft, sy'n gweithio ym maes lletygarwch ac fel gyrwyr tacsi, sy'n cael eu heffeithio yn ddifrifol iawn gan nad oes ganddyn nhw hawl i unrhyw gymorth, ac fel gweithwyr llawrydd, mae'n anodd iawn iddyn nhw gael cefnogaeth gyhoeddus. Rwyf i eisiau cydnabod trafferthion ofnadwy pobl sy'n dod o dramor ac sy'n cael trwyddedau gwaith i ddod yma, a'r gwahaniaethu a'r caledi economaidd y maen nhw'n ei ddioddef er mwyn aros yma a'r gost enfawr o adnewyddu eu trwyddedau gwaith. Rwy'n credu bod hwn yn un o'r pethau y mae angen i ni fynd i'r afael ag ef a ninnau eisiau dod yn genedl noddfa. Mae cynifer o bethau y mae'n rhaid i ni eu gwneud o hyd. Mae'n rhaid i ni gydnabod bod llygredd aer yn lladd a bod y cymunedau BAME yn fy etholaeth i yn byw yn anghymesur yn yr ardaloedd lle mae'r llygredd aer uchaf. Yn yr un modd, tai: mae'n amlwg eu bod nhw'n aml mewn cartrefi gwael. Felly, rwyf i eisiau deall, o'r argymhellion - rwy'n credu bod yna 25 - yn adroddiad Ogbonna yr ystyriwyd eu bod yn rhai yr oedden nhw eisiau mynd i'r afael â nhw ar unwaith, sut ydym ni'n mynd i sicrhau ein bod yn mynd i fwrw ymlaen â'r rhain i gyd pan ein bod ni'n cael trafferthion oherwydd y pandemig? Yn amlwg, y rhai y mae angen iddyn nhw fod â'r brif flaenoriaeth yw'r rhai sy'n effeithio ar y nifer anghymesur o bobl sydd wedi bod yn ddifrifol wael gyda COVID, neu mewn llawer o achosion sydd wedi marw, ond mae hyn yn rhywbeth y mae gwir angen i ni fynd i'r afael ag ef, yn enwedig drwy ddiwygio'r cwricwlwm. Mae angen i ni ddysgu am ein gorffennol ein hunain a'r pethau ofnadwy a wnaethom ni i bobl mewn gwledydd eraill a rhai o'r anghyfiawnderau nad ydym ni wedi eu hunioni o hyd o ganlyniad i hynny.