techiaith/cofnodycynulliad_en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: We had an evidence session with representatives from Qualifications Wales as a committee, and there was a suggestion made there that Qualifications Wales wasn't entirely sure whether they would be able to adhere to their statutory duty to act because of the changes that are likely to take place as a result of the advisory group's work. Do you believe that this is going to be a barrier? Are the concerns expressed by Qualifications Wales real ones, and is this going to cause a problem down the line?
Welsh: Mi gawson ni sesiwn dystiolaeth efo cynrychiolwyr o Gymwysterau Cymru fel pwyllgor, ac mi oedd yna awgrym yn fanna nad oedd Cymwysterau Cymru yn hollol sicr a fyddan nhw'n gallu cadw at eu dyletswydd statudol i weithredu oherwydd y newidiadau sydd yn debygol o ddigwydd yn sgil gwaith y grŵp cynghori. Ydych chi'n credu bod hwn yn mynd i fod yn rhwystr? Ydy agwedd a phryderon Cymwysterau Cymru yn rhai real ac ydy hyn yn mynd i greu problem lawr y lein?
English: Just one final question, Chair. Ultimately, it's you who will be taking the policy decisions with regard to how exactly the assessments will take place. What are your feelings in terms of the balance in these new approaches between external assessment and assignments and other methods of assessment done internally?
Welsh: Jest un cwestiwn arall, Gadeirydd. Yn y pen draw, chi fydd yn cymryd y penderfyniadau polisi ynghylch sut yn union fydd yr asesu yn digwydd. Beth ydy'ch teimladau chi o ran y balans fydd yn y dulliau newydd yma rhwng asesu allanol ac asesiadau a dulliau eraill o asesu mewnol?
English: But the policy decision - it is a decision at a very high level with regard to the direction of travel, whether to place a great deal of emphasis on external assessment or a percentage of it on external assessment. I would say that that's a policy decision that needs to be very clearly presented to the advisory group before they do the detailed work.
Welsh: Ond mi fydd y penderfyniad polisi yna - mae o'n benderfyniad ar lefel uchel iawn ynglŷn â'r cyfeiriad i fynd iddo fo, pa un ai i roi lot o bwyslais ar asesiadau allanol neu ganran ohono fo ar asesiadau allanol. Buaswn i'n credu bod hwnna'n benderfyniad polisi sydd angen bod yn glir i'r grŵp cynghori cyn iddyn nhw wneud y gwaith manwl.
English: And the timetable is going well? There will be decisions made before the end of the year?
Welsh: Ac mae'r amserlen yn mynd yn iawn? Mi fydd yna benderfyniadau yn cael eu cyhoeddi cyn diwedd y flwyddyn?
English: Thank you very much, Chair. Specifically at the outset, I wanted to ask Nick about the written evidence, where you mention the fact that the Welsh Government didn't take advantage of the flexibility that they had in terms of some of the funds or European funding sources - that they haven't used that flexibility to support the sector throughout the pandemic. So, what kind of action would you have liked to have seen from the Government and in terms of the use of those funds?
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn, Cadeirydd. Yn benodol efallai i gychwyn, roeddwn i eisiau holi Nick ynglŷn â'r dystiolaeth ysgrifenedig, lle rŷch chi'n sôn am y ffaith dyw Llywodraeth Cymru ddim wedi manteisio ar yr hyblygrwydd oedd gyda nhw o safbwynt rhai o'r cronfeydd neu'r ffynonellau ariannu Ewropeaidd - dydyn nhw ddim wedi defnyddio'r hyblygrwydd yna i gefnogi'r sector yn ystod y pandemig. Pa fath o weithredu byddech chi wedi hoffi gweld y Llywodraeth yn ei wneud, efallai yn defnyddio'r cronfeydd yna?
English: Thank you, Llyr. Well, that flexibility came in under the European rules in terms of how you can spend European funding, which is still coming from Europe. And there was one specifically where it was possible to give up to €5,000 to farmers out of the RDP fund. And by doing that, as well as helping those who are suffering under these very difficult circumstances, we would argue that that would also have reduced the negative impact of what we heard yesterday in terms of the statement of the Westminster Government about how much money will be coming to agriculture next year. Because that is based, to an extent, on how much money we haven't spent in the current European budget period.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Llyr. Wel, daeth yr hyblygrwydd yna i mewn o dan rheolau Ewrop o ran sut roeddech chi'n gallu gwario pres Ewrop, sydd yn dal i ddod o Ewrop. Ac roedd un yn benodol lle roedd yn bosib rhoi i fyny at €5,000 i ffermwyr allan o gronfa'r RDP. A thrwy wneud hynny, yn ogystal â helpu'r rheini a oedd yn dioddef o dan yr amgylchiadau anodd yma, byddai hynny, byddem ni'n dadlau, hefyd wedi lleihau'r effaith negyddol o beth glywson ni ddoe o ran datganiad Llywodraeth San Steffan ynglŷn â faint o bres fydd yn dod i amaeth flwyddyn nesaf. Achos mae hwnna wedi ei seilio, i raddau, ar faint o bres dŷn ni ddim wedi gwario yng nghyfnod cyllideb presennol Ewrop.
English: Chair, could I endorse what Nick said as well? We feel very strongly that the Government should have taken advantage of this opportunity to get this money out to the industry when the need was greatest, and I think that now we are seeing - it's ironic, isn't it - that we are now in a position where problems have developed because of the underspend in the rural development scheme. It's a great shame they didn't take advantage of the opportunity to get that money into the industry. Thank you.
Welsh: Cadeirydd, gaf i ategu'r hyn ddywedodd Nick hefyd? Rŷn ni'n teimlo'n gryf y dylai'r Llywodraeth wedi manteisio ar y cyfle yma i gael yr arian yma mas i'r diwydiant pan oedd yr angen ar y mwyaf, a dwi'n credu nawr rŷn ni'n gweld - mae'n eironig, onid yw e - ein bod ni nawr mewn sefyllfa lle mae problemau wedi datblygu o achos y tanwariant yn y cynllun datblygu gwledig. Mae'n drueni mawr na achubwyd ar y cyfle ar y pryd i gael yr arian yna i'r diwydiant. Diolch.
English: We could spend time discussing yesterday's announcement, but I don't know whether the Chair wants us to have a little bit more clarity about that situation - I don't know whether he is happy with that.
Welsh: Mi allen ni dreulio amser yn trafod y cyhoeddiad ddoe, ond dwi ddim yn gwybod os yw'r Cadeirydd yn hapus inni efallai jest gael bach mwy o eglurder ynglŷn â beth yw'r sefyllfa.
English: Thank you, Chair. I want to return to the possible crisis payment for the sheep sector if it was needed. Nick mentioned that the needs of different parts of the UK would be different, and that seasonal factors would vary and dictate what the scheme would be. If we needed that kind of scheme, it would mean that the market would be under great pressure, and there would be extreme sensitivity then, if there were schemes and the nature of the schemes were to vary from one part of the UK to the other, and there would be complaints about distorting the market and unfairness within the UK. So, are you confident that that kind of flexibility is going to be possible, because there will be political pressure to ensure that not one part of the UK has an advantage over another?
Welsh: Diolch, Gadeirydd. Dwi eisiau dod nôl at y taliad creisis posib yma ar gyfer y sector ddefaid petai angen un. Roedd Nick yn sôn efallai fod anghenion gwahanol rannau o'r Deyrnas Unedig yn wahanol, ac mae'r tymhorau, wrth gwrs, yn amrywio, mae hynny yn mynd i 'dictate-o' i raddau beth fydd lled cynllun o'r fath. Ond petai angen cynllun o'r fath, mae'n golygu y byddai'r farchnad dan bwysau aruthrol, ac mi fyddai yna sensitifrwydd eithriadol wedyn petai yna gynlluniau a bod natur y cynlluniau yn amrywio o un rhan o'r Deyrnas Unedig i'r llall, ac mi fyddai yna gwyno ynglŷn â 'distort-o' y farchnad ac annhegwch oddi fewn i'r Deyrnas Unedig. Felly, ydych chi'n hyderus bod y math yna o hyblygrwydd yn mynd i fod yn bosib, oherwydd mi fydd yna bwysau gwleidyddol hefyd i sicrhau nad yw un rhan o'r Deyrnas Unedig yn cael mantais dros y llall?
English: If I can start, Chair, yes, I do recognise the dilemma or the tension, perhaps, that you've outlined, Llyr. We certainly would be looking to the UK Government to fund any scheme of that kind, and the likelihood is that the Welsh Government will administer it. I don't know about that, but certainly the pressure is on the UK Government to ensure that the funding is available. I think that it would be difficult for us if the four nations did go off in different directions with the kind of support that's available. So, I think that we'd have to have some collaboration to ensure that there are no variances that lead to unfairness in terms of the different provision in different parts of the UK. Thank you.
Welsh: Os caf i ddechrau, Gadeirydd, dwi'n cydnabod y dilema neu efallai'r tyndra dŷch chi wedi ei amlinellu, Llyr. Dwi'n gwybod y byddwn ni'n sicr yn edrych i Lywodraeth y Deyrnas Unedig i ariannu unrhyw gynllun o'r fath, ac efallai'r tebygrwydd yw y byddai Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei weinyddu fe. Dwi ddim yn gwybod, ond yn sicr dwi'n credu bod y pwysau ar Lywodraeth y Deyrnas Unedig i wneud yn siŵr bod yr arian ar gael. Dwi'n credu y byddai'n anodd i ni petasai'r pedair cenedl yn mynd off mewn gwahanol gyfeiriadau gyda'r math o gymorth sydd ar gael. So, dwi'n credu y byddai'n rhaid bod tipyn o gydweithio i sicrhau nad oes yna wahaniaethau yn agor lan annhegwch o ran y cymorth sydd ar gael mewn gwahanol rannau o'r Deyrnas Unedig. Diolch.
English: I would agree 100 per cent with Huw. We will have to have more of a discussion about this in the coming weeks, because we're not just talking about the impact of a 'no deal' Brexit. This time, we're talking about the impact of a Brexit deal. That is, there was a time when we were hoping, at least, that we would have zero friction as our produce would be exported, but it's obvious now that there will be certain problems, even if we don't have to pay tariffs on our produce - there will be non-tariff barriers. And so, that's going to cause problems, and, possibly, it will cause major problems that change the picture, as opposed to conflict between a deal and no deal. There are concerns about the need to ensure that there is no market distortion, but there are lots of models that could mean leaving some people out of that cycle.
Welsh: Byddwn i'n cytuno 100 y cant efo Huw. Bydd yn rhaid inni gael mwy o drafodaeth ynglŷn â hwn yn yr wythnosau sydd i ddod, oherwydd dŷn ni ddim dim ond yn sôn am effaith ' no deal' Brexit. Y tro yma rownd, dŷn ni'n sôn am effaith deal Brexit, os gallaf i ei roi o fel yna. Hynny yw, bu yna adeg pryd oedden ni'n gobeithio, o leiaf gobeithio, byddai zero friction wrth i'n cynnyrch gael ei allforio, ond mae'n amlwg rŵan y bydd yna dipyn o broblemau yn digwydd, hyd yn oed os dŷn ni ddim yn gorfod talu tariffs ar ein cynnyrch - non-tariff barriers. Felly, mae hwnna'n mynd i achosi problemau ac, o bosib, byddai fo'n gallu achosi problemau mawr sydd yn newid y llun dipyn bach o'i gymharu efo jest deal/no deal. Mae yna bryderon ynglŷn â'r angen i wneud yn siŵr nad oes market distortion, ond mae yna lot o fodelau fyddai'n gallu gadael rhai allan o'r cylch, fel petai.
English: One feels that it might be better for those discussions to happen now, rather than that they happen at the boiling point of that situation where the pressure is great and the political pressure is even greater, but I do understand the message that you're conveying. That brings me to the internal market Bill, which has been the subject of discussion recently and of concern for some, as well. Now, the NFU says, Huw, in their paper that it could trigger a race to the bottom when it comes to standards. I think that we're familiar with the arguments, but perhaps you could tell us whether you have had any discussions with UK and Welsh Governments - both unions - on this issue. Certainly you've expressed your concern, but do you feel that there's any way to address those concerns?
Welsh: Mae rhywun jest yn teimlo efallai y byddai'n well i'r trafodaethau yna ddigwydd nawr yn hytrach na'u bod nhw'n digwydd ym merw'r sefyllfa lle mae'r pwysau yn aruthrol ac mae'r pwysau gwleidyddol hyd yn oed yn fwy, ond dwi'n clywed y neges ŷch chi'n ei ddweud. Mae hwnna'n dod â fi, wrth gwrs, wedyn, at Fil y farchnad fewnol, sydd wedi bod yn destun trafod yn ddiweddar a gofid ymhlith rhai, yn sicr. Nawr mae'r NFU, Huw, yn dweud yn eich papur chi y gallai fe 'trigger-o' ras i'r gwaelod pan fydd hi'n dod i safonau. Rwyf i'n credu ein bod ni'n gyfarwydd gyda'r dadleuon, ond efallai y gallwch chi ddweud a ydych chi wedi cael unrhyw drafodaethau gyda Llywodraethau Cymru a'r Deyrnas Unedig - y ddwy undeb - ar y mater yma. Yn sicr, dwi'n gwybod eich bod chi wedi mynegi eich gofid, ond ydych chi'n teimlo bod unrhyw ffordd o gwrdd â'r gofidiau hynny?
English: There's not much I can add to that. It's very unfortunate that we're in this position. As you know, Llyr, we've been talking about this with politicians since the referendum, as regards the need for this conversation to be held, because it's such a political subject, because of the different countries involved and the different parties involved in governing each country. But hat's not a reason not to have that discussion very early in the process, so that we could have come to a decision much earlier, avoiding the way in which the Government is trying to reach a decision in the very final hours before Brexit happens. So, it's an awkward situation, and we do foresee problems that could well be very significant, where nations start moving in different directions for the first time in centuries, to be honest.
Welsh: Does dim llawer y gallaf i ei ychwanegu. Mae'n anffodus iawn ein bod ni yn y sefyllfa yma. Fel rydych chi'n gwybod, Llyr, rydyn ni wedi bod yn siarad am hwn efo gwleidyddion ers bron yn syth ar ôl y refferendwm, a'r angen i'r drafodaeth gychwyn, achos ei fod e'n bwnc mor lletchwith, mor wleidyddol, achos bod gwledydd gwahanol a bod partïau gwahanol yn rheoli yn y gwledydd gwahanol. Ond doedd hynny ddim yn rheswm i beidio cael y drafodaeth yna yn gynnar, gynnar iawn, fel ein bod ni'n gallu dod at ryw benderfyniad lawer yn gynharach na'r ffordd y mae pethau'n digwydd gyda'r Llywodraeth - yn yr oriau olaf, jest cyn i Brexit ddigwydd. So, mae'n sefyllfa letchwith iawn, ac rydyn ni'n rhagweld problemau enfawr, o bosibl, pan fydd gwledydd yn dechrau mynd mewn cyfeiriadau gwahanol am y tro cyntaf ers canrifoedd, a bod yn onest.
English: Good morning and a very warm welcome to this meeting of the Senedd Culture, Welsh Language and Communications Committee. In accordance with Standing Order 34.19, I have determined that the public are excluded from attending this committee meeting in order to protect public health. The meeting is being broadcast live on Senedd.tv, with all participants joining via video-conference. A transcript of the meeting will be published as usual. Aside from the procedural adaptations relating to conducting proceedings remotely, all other Standing Order requirements for committees remain in place. If for any reason I drop out of the meeting, David Melding has kindly agreed to step into the Chair temporarily whilst I try to resolve technical issues. May I ask Members if there are any declarations of interest? There are none.
Welsh: Bore da a chroeso cynnes i bawb i Bwyllgor Diwylliant, y Gymraeg a Chyfathrebu'r Senedd. Yn unol â Rheol Sefydlog 34.19, dwi wedi gwahardd y cyhoedd rhag bod yn rhan o'r cyfarfod yma er mwyn amddiffyn iechyd y cyhoedd. Mae'r cyfarfod yn cael ei ddarlledu yn fyw ar Senedd.tv, gyda pawb yn ymuno drwy ddulliau rithiol. Bydd trawsgrifiad o'r cyfarfod yn cael ei gyhoeddi fel arfer. Ar wahân i'r pethau y mae'n rhaid inni eu gwneud yn wahanol gan ein bod ni'n cwrdd o bell, mae'r holl Reolau Sefydlog sydd yn berthnasol i'r pwyllgorau yn dal i fod mewn lle. Os am unrhyw reswm dwi'n colli cysylltiad, mae David Melding, yn garedig iawn, wedi cytuno i gymryd y Gadair tra'n bod ni'n trio datrys y problemau technegol. Gaf i ofyn i fy nghyd-Aelodau os oes unrhyw ddatganiadau o fudd? Does yna ddim datganiadau o fudd.
English: So, we will move to item 2, our inquiry into who gets remembered in public spaces. And I'm very pleased to welcome our three witnesses. So, if I could thank you very much for joining us, and if we could ask you to introduce yourselves and then we will move immediately into questions, if that's okay with you. So, I'll take you in the order that I see you on the screen. I will ask Merfyn Jones to introduce himself first of all.
Welsh: Felly, dwi'n symud at eitem 2, sef ymchwiliad i mewn i bwy dŷn ni'n eu cofio yn ein llefydd cyhoeddus ni. A dwi'n falch iawn, iawn o groesawu ein tri thyst cyntaf ni. Os caf i ddweud diolch yn fawr iawn ichi am ymuno â ni, a gwnawn ni jest gofyn ichi gyflwyno eich hunain, ac wedyn awn ni'n syth i mewn i gwestiynu, os yw hynny'n iawn gyda chi. Jest yn y drefn sy'n ymddangos ar fy sgrin i, gwnaf i ofyn i Merfyn Jones i gyflwyno ei hunan i ddechrau.
English: Thank you for those kind words, Merfyn Jones. I, like Merfyn, am a historian, a former head of the department of history at Aberystwyth, but then went to the other side as an administrator and vice-chancellor, like Merfyn, and I was a joint editor with him and I still study labour issues in Wales and commentate on political issues in Wales, from a distance.
Welsh: Diolch am y geiriau caredig, Merfyn Jones. Dwi'n hanesydd, fel Merfyn, yn gyn-bennaeth adran hanes yn Aberystwyth, ond wedi mynd at yr ochr arall fel gweinyddwr a phennaeth prifysgol, fel Merfyn, ac yn gyd-olygydd a hefyd yn rhywun sy'n dal i astudio llafur a'r mudiad llafur ac yn sylwebu ar faterion cyhoeddus gwleidyddol yng Nghymru, o bellter.
English: A very good morning to you. Thank you for the invitation. I'm Bill Jones, I'm a former professor of Welsh history at Cardiff University, so you have another historian. Prior to that, I was a curator with the National Museum of Wales, with responsibility for the coal industry collections, and, at the moment, I am a trustee of the Cynon Valley Museum in Aberdare.
Welsh: Bore da ichi gyd. Diolch am y gwahoddiad. Bill Jones ydw i. Rwy'n gyn-athro hanes Cymru Prifysgol Caerdydd, felly hanesydd arall. Cyn hynny, roeddwn i'n guradur gydag Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Cymru, gyda chyfrifoldeb am y casgliad diwydiant glo, ac, ar hyn o bryd, rwyf hefyd yn un o ymddiriedolwyr Amgueddfa Cwm Cynon yn Aberdâr.
English: Well, thank you once again, and thank you for making the time to join us this morning. I will turn immediately now to John Griffiths for the first set of questions. John.
Welsh: Wel, diolch yn fawr eto - diolch i'r tri ohonoch chi am wneud yr amser i ymuno â ni. Gwnaf i droi'n syth wedyn at John Griffiths am y set gyntaf o gwestiynau. John.
English: Thank you to all three of you. And just before I bring John in, this committee has no intention of suggesting to the Welsh Government that we should have some legislation in this area, but we are considering whether we can help to create a framework that will be useful so that people can have conversations at a local level. Because I'm sure that many of us would agree with Deian when he says that every community should consider these issues and how they relate to them. So, I don't think, unless we receive very strong evidence otherwise, that there should be any legislation likely to emerge from our work. Bill.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr. Diolch i'r tri ohonoch chi. Jest cyn imi dynnu John i mewn, does dim bwriad gyda'r pwyllgor yma i awgrymu i Lywodraeth Cymru, er enghraifft, dylen ni gael rhyw fath o Ddeddf ar y mater yma, ond jest edrych i weld os ydym ni'n gallu helpu i greu fframwaith fydd yn ddefnyddiol er mwyn i bobl gynnal sgyrsiau ar lefel leol. Achos rwy'n siŵr byddai lot ohonom ni'n cytuno gyda Deian, pan mae e'n dweud dylai pob cymuned ystyried y materion yma a sut maen nhw'n berthnasol iddyn nhw. So, dydyn ni ddim yn mynd i gynnig, dwi ddim yn credu, os nad ydym ni'n cael tystiolaeth gref y ffordd arall, fod yna unrhyw Ddeddf yn dod mas o'n gwaith ni. Bill.
English: Can I just add to that? I think the important thing here is that we do have a debate. This debate hasn't happened to all intents and purposes, and what happened in Bristol and so on happened partly because some sections of society have been calling for this kind of public debate and it hasn't happened previously. So, that is an important driver in discussing these major issues.
Welsh: Sori, allaf i jest atodi - ? Mae'n ddrwg gyda fi, ond dwi'n credu mai'r pwynt pwysig fan hyn yw ein bod ni yn creu dadl. Dyw'r ddadl yma ddim wedi digwydd i bob pwrpas, a rhan o'r pethau sydd wedi digwydd, yn enwedig beth ddigwyddodd ym Mryste ac ati - mae'n rhannol oherwydd bod rhai carfannau mewn cymdeithas wedi bod yn galw inni gael y math yma o ddadl gyhoeddus a dyw e ddim wedi digwydd. Ac felly, mae hwnna'n ysgogiad pwysig i drafod y peth yma nawr, rwy'n meddwl.
English: Well, yes, that was my thought. I'll bring Merfyn in and then we will need to turn to John's next question.
Welsh: Wel, dyna beth oeddwn i'n ei feddwl. Gwnaf dynnu Merfyn i mewn, ac wedyn bydd yn rhaid i fi droi at gwestiwn nesaf John.
English: Just a brief comment on what Bill said - I agree entirely. As I said earlier, we need to raise awareness so that the wider society can understand the importance of the pain that many of these images create - but we need to raise awareness, rather than destroy statues. But, as Bristol has demonstrated, we may need to topple some of these statues in order to raise awareness.
Welsh: Jest sylw bach ar beth roedd Bill yn ei ddweud - rwy'n cytuno'n llwyr. Fel roeddwn i'n ei ddweud yn gynharach, mae angen codi ymwybyddiaeth ac i weddill cymdeithas ddeall pwysigrwydd y briw a'r poen mae llawer o'r delweddau yma yn eu creu - ond codi ymwybyddiaeth yn hytrach na dinistrio delweddau. Ond, fel y mae Bryste wedi dangos, efallai bod angen dinistrio rhai o'r delweddau er mwyn codi ymwybyddiaeth.
English: Or to move them, as they have done elsewhere, and Deian referred to Budapest, of course. So, I will now turn to John for his second question. John.
Welsh: Neu eu symud nhw, fel maen nhw wedi ei wneud, wrth gwrs, fel yr oedd Deian yn cyfeirio ato, yn Budapest. So, gwnaf dynnu John yn ôl i mewn ar gyfer ei ail gwestiwn, os gwelwch yn dda, John.
English: Thank you very much, John. Could I start by saying that I think there is a problem here, because people change? Communities build buildings because of people's generosity. We can think of Andrew Carnegie - there are libraries built to Andrew Carnegie and there's huge respect for him. But if you look at how he made his money and the suffering of his workers, 12 hours - . We would never put up with that today, but times have changed. He was on the road to Damascus - he changed his mind and became a generous benefactor. So, ultimately, do you remember or commemorate someone for their generosity in later life or for what they did earlier? And very often, generosity accounts for the buildings.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn, John. Allaf i ddechrau trwy jest ddweud, rwy'n credu bod yna broblem yma, achos mae pobl yn newid? Mae cymunedau'n dodi adeiladau lan o achos haelioni pobl. Gallwn ni feddwl am rywun fel Andrew Carnegie - rydym ni wedi cael lyfrgelloedd i Andrew Carnegie ac mae parch mawr i Andrew Carnegie. Ac eto, os edrychwch chi ar sut y gwnaeth ei arian a'r dioddefaint gan y gweithwyr, 12 awr - . Byddem ni byth yn dioddef hynny y dyddiau yma. Ond mae e wedi newid - roedd ar yr hewl i Ddamascus, wedi newid ei feddwl ac wedi dod yn hael. Felly, yn y pen draw, ydych chi'n cofio rhywun am yr haelioni ar y diwedd neu am beth roedden nhw'n ei wneud yn gynharach? Ac i'r graddau hynny, haelioni, yn aml iawn, sydd yn gyfrifol am adeiladau.