English: Diolch yn fawr, Llywydd, and I'd like to thank Members for taking part in this important debate. Rape is, of course, as some Members have already said, a particularly horrible crime. It is also true that most women will have had some experience that we didn't want, and all of us in this room will know somebody who's been raped. You may not know that you know somebody who's been raped, but you do, because sexual violence, particularly against women, is so pervasive in our culture. There have been so many really good contributions that I'm not going to be able to respond to them all, but I will get through as many as I can. As the Deputy Minister has said, Leanne Wood set out the context, set out the facts, and they are chilling. Several Members mentioned the importance of the culture around these issues, and when we have children and young people growing up in a world that is poisoned by particularly horrible pornography, where boys and girls grow up thinking that things are normal when they are not - . A very clear message when Sally and David Challen came to our Assembly last week: when Sally was asked what could people have done, she said that part of her problem was she didn't realise that what was happening to her wasn't normal, and she said that what we need to do is two things, as has been pointed out - that all we need to take responsibility for not being bystanders and to ask questions when we see patterns of behaviour that we know are wrong. But we also need to start that very, very early so that our children don't grow up thinking that men coercing women and sometimes boys - other men and boys - into sexual acts is in any way normal. I think Mandy Jones's question about when did we start blaming the victims is a really valid one. Having been involved in active campaigns around these issues since the 1980s, Llywydd, I did believe that things were getting better, and I'm sadly convinced that now they are not and in some ways we are going backwards. I can't honestly say that, if my friend or my daughter came to me today having been raped and asked if she should report it - I cannot put my hand on my heart and say that I could safely encourage her to do that with the system as it is. And it pains me dreadfully to say that because, as Jenny has said, these experiences are so common, if you don't make a report, you're left wondering how many other women or other victims will suffer at the hands of this individual. But I cannot honestly say that I would say to my best friend, 'Go to the police', because of some of the experiences that we've heard. I'd particularly like to pick up on some parts of Joyce Watson's contribution, because I think the way that we react to people making allegations of sexual violence, particularly women and girls, is so different from the way we react to other allegations of violent crime. I cannot imagine that a man who has come forward with an allegation of grievous bodily harm against another man would have his telephone confiscated, and would be expected to share all his private information. And I know, because I've had those conversations, as Joyce has, that that does deter young women and girls. We all have probably on our social media profiles things that may be complicated, things that we may want to keep private. Why would we ask a woman to share that? Why is that relevant, when we don't do that for any of the victims of other violent crimes? I want to respond to some of the points that have been made about false allegations. Obviously, any false allegation of any offence is completely unacceptable and it should be prosecuted, but we work in a culture where people assume that it is more likely that people who are making allegations of sexual violence are lying, and that is just not true. If we look at all the statistics and all the research that's ever been done, it shows that the level of false allegations about sexual offences is just a little bit lower than the levels of false allegations about all sorts of other things - about on a par in some studies, lower in others.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Lywydd, a hoffwn ddiolch i'r Aelodau am gymryd rhan yn y ddadl bwysig hon. Mae trais rhywiol, wrth gwrs, fel y mae rhai Aelodau eisoes wedi dweud, yn drosedd arbennig o ofnadwy. Mae hefyd yn wir y bydd y rhan fwyaf o fenywod wedi cael rhyw brofiad nad oeddem mo'i eisiau, a bydd pob un ohonom yn yr ystafell hon yn adnabod rhywun sydd wedi cael ei threisio. Efallai nad ydych yn gwybod eich bod yn adnabod rhywun sydd wedi cael ei threisio, ond mae'n wir, oherwydd mae trais rhywiol, yn enwedig yn erbyn menywod, mor hollbresennol yn ein diwylliant. Cafwyd cynifer o gyfraniadau gwirioneddol dda fel nad wyf yn mynd i allu ymateb i bob un ohonynt, ond fe af drwy gymaint ag y gallaf. Fel y mae'r Dirprwy Weinidog wedi dweud, gosododd Leanne Wood y cyd-destun, amlinellu'r ffeithiau, ac maent yn ddychrynllyd. Soniodd sawl Aelod am bwysigrwydd y diwylliant mewn perthynas â'r materion hyn, a phan fydd gennym blant a phobl ifanc yn cael eu magu mewn byd sydd wedi'i wenwyno gan bornograffi arbennig o erchyll, lle mae bechgyn a merched yn tyfu i fyny gan feddwl bod pethau'n normal pan na fyddant - . Neges glir iawn pan ddaeth Sally a David Challen i'n Cynulliad yr wythnos diwethaf: pan ofynnwyd i Sally beth y gallai pobl fod wedi'i wneud, dywedodd mai rhan o'i phroblem oedd nad oedd hi'n sylweddoli nad oedd yr hyn oedd yn digwydd iddi'n normal, a dywedodd fod i ni wneud dau beth, fel y nodwyd - mai'r cyfan sydd angen i ni fod yn gyfrifol amdano yw peidio â chamu'n ôl pan welwn fod rhywbeth o'i le a gofyn cwestiynau pan welwn batrymau ymddygiad y gwyddom eu bod yn anghywir. Ond mae angen i ni ddechrau hynny'n gynnar iawn hefyd fel nad yw ein plant yn tyfu i fyny gan feddwl bod i ddynion reoli menywod a bechgyn weithiau - dynion a bechgyn eraill - drwy orfodaeth i gyflawni gweithredoedd rhywiol yn normal mewn unrhyw ffordd. Rwy'n credu bod cwestiwn Mandy Jones ynglŷn â pha bryd y gwnaethom ni ddechrau beio'r dioddefwyr yn un dilys iawn. Ar ôl cymryd rhan mewn ymgyrchoedd gweithredol ar y materion hyn ers y 1980au, Lywydd, roeddwn yn credu bod pethau'n gwella, ac rwy'n argyhoeddedig, yn anffodus, nad ydynt yn gwella bellach ac mewn rhai ffyrdd rydym yn mynd tuag yn ôl. Ni allaf ddweud yn onest, pe bai cyfaill i mi neu fy merch yn dod ataf heddiw ar ôl cael ei threisio a gofyn a ddylai ei adrodd - ni allaf roi fy llaw ar fy nghalon a dweud y gallwn ei hannog yn ddiogel i wneud hynny gyda'r system fel y mae. Ac mae'n ofid mawr i mi ddweud hynny oherwydd, fel y dywedodd Jenny, mae'r profiadau hyn mor gyffredin, os na fyddwch yn rhoi gwybod amdanynt, rydych yn cael eich gadael yn pendroni faint o fenywod eraill neu ddioddefwyr eraill fydd yn dioddef dan law'r unigolyn hwnnw. Ond ni allaf ddweud yn onest y buaswn yn dweud wrth fy ffrind gorau, 'Cer at yr heddlu', oherwydd rhai o'r profiadau a glywsom. Hoffwn yn arbennig gyfeirio at rai rhannau o gyfraniad Joyce Watson, oherwydd credaf fod y ffordd yr ymatebwn i bobl sy'n gwneud honiadau o drais rhywiol, yn enwedig menywod a merched, mor wahanol i'r ffordd yr ymatebwn i honiadau eraill o droseddau treisgar. Ni allaf ddychmygu y byddai dyn sydd wedi gwneud honiad o niwed corfforol difrifol yn erbyn dyn arall yn cael ei ffôn wedi'i gymryd, a bod disgwyl iddo rannu ei holl wybodaeth breifat. Ac rwy'n gwybod, oherwydd rwyf wedi cael y sgyrsiau hynny, fel y mae Joyce, fod hynny'n atal menywod ifanc a merched. Mae'n debyg fod gan bob un ohonom ar ein proffiliau cyfryngau cymdeithasol bethau a all fod yn gymhleth, pethau y byddwn am eu cadw'n breifat o bosibl. Pam y byddem yn gofyn i ddynes rannu hynny? Pam y mae hynny'n berthnasol, pan nad ydym yn gwneud hynny ar gyfer unrhyw ddioddefwyr troseddau treisgar eraill? Rwyf am ymateb i rai o'r pwyntiau a wnaed am honiadau ffug. Yn amlwg, mae unrhyw honiad ffug o unrhyw drosedd yn gwbl annerbyniol a dylid ei erlyn, ond rydym yn gweithio mewn diwylliant lle mae pobl yn tybio ei bod yn fwy tebygol fod pobl sy'n gwneud honiadau o drais rhywiol yn dweud celwydd, ac nid yw hynny'n wir o gwbl. Os edrychwn ar yr holl ystadegau a'r holl ymchwil sydd wedi'i wneud erioed, mae'n dangos bod lefel yr honiadau ffug ynghylch troseddau rhywiol ychydig yn is na lefelau'r honiadau ffug am bob math o bethau eraill - tua'r un faint mewn rhai astudiaethau, ac yn is mewn rhai eraill.