English: Thank you very much to Sam Rowlands for his questions this afternoon and the way in which he's approached what is a really, really significant undertaking over the course of the next Senedd term. And he does recognise the importance of consultation. And today I'm announcing that, in due course, next year, I'll be undertaking a consultation, a large-scale public consultation, in the order of around 12 weeks. And that's for the public, but also there'll be the need to undertake some really serious engagement with local government leaders and the revenues and benefits officers and so on. So, we're putting in place at the moment those structures to make sure that we have regular engagement. And I know that Sam Rowlands has particular expertise in this area, given his background in local government, so I'll be keen to explore his views on the proposals as they come forward and undertake some further discussions on that. There was a question in relation to non-domestic rates reform. So, today, what we're talking about is the future of reform of council tax. However, it is really important to recognise that non-domestic rates are another important part of that local government finance picture. Inside the document that I've referred to, the summary of findings - which, Deputy Llywydd, is a fantastic read and I commend it to all colleagues, as I've been doing since we published it in February - it does set out all of the research that we undertook over the course of the last Senedd term, looking at different options for council tax. So, it explores some of those radical options that Sam Rowlands was describing, such as a land value tax, but it also talks about the work we're starting to pursue in terms of reform of non-domestic rates. And that work is more in its infancy than the council tax work, because we've made so much progress over the last Senedd term. But, as I say, non-domestic rates are a really important part of that picture, and it's impossible, really, to see the two sides of that local government finance coin separately from each other. Some really important questions about any transitional arrangements and what the impacts might be on households. So, the Institute for Fiscal Studies undertook research for us over the course of the last Senedd term, and I'm really pleased that we were able to work closely with them on that. And it explores whether or not a less regressive system could be possible through the introduction of a revaluation or a revaluation with additional bands, or a proportional system without bands. And that does conclude in the research that our current system is now out of date, it's regressive, it's distortionary, although the research did also recognise that we're the only part of the UK to have revalued since the 1990s. And understanding now the impact of the revaluation on citizens, councils and local economies is going to be absolutely vital in taking this work forward. And the IFS work does help us to do that. So, that work estimated that undertaking a revaluation and keeping the current nine bands would move around 25 per cent of properties up bands, 26 per cent would move down bands, and around 49 per cent would stay the same. But, obviously, there are implications in terms of different local authorities being affected in different ways. But part of what we're also looking at would be to increase the number of bands, which obviously would change that picture as well. So, lots of work for us to be doing as we move forward, but I think the questions that have been identified about the implications for households and for local authorities are the right ones and the ones that we'll need to pursue in the period ahead. And alongside that, then, to look at transitional arrangements for those households that might be affected. That's something that I'm keen to explore in due course, and also keen to have that engagement with the UK Government, and we'll be reaching out to them. I've talked to them, as I've talked to everybody since February, about the summary of findings document, and I've commended it to the UK Government as well.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn i Sam Rowlands am ei gwestiynau y prynhawn yma a'r ffordd mae wedi rhoi sylw hyn sy'n ymgymeriad gwirioneddol arwyddocaol yn ystod tymor nesaf y Senedd. Ac mae'n cydnabod pwysigrwydd ymgynghori. A heddiw rwy'n cyhoeddi, maes o law, y flwyddyn nesaf, y byddaf yn cynnal ymgynghoriad, ymgynghoriad cyhoeddus ar raddfa fawr, tua 12 wythnos. Ac mae hynny ar gyfer y cyhoedd, ond hefyd bydd angen ymgysylltu'n ddifrifol iawn ag arweinwyr llywodraeth leol a'r swyddogion refeniw a budd-daliadau ac yn y blaen. Felly, rydym yn rhoi'r strwythurau hynny ar waith ar hyn o bryd i sicrhau ein bod yn ymgysylltu'n rheolaidd. A gwn fod gan Sam Rowlands arbenigedd penodol yn y maes hwn, o ystyried ei gefndir mewn llywodraeth leol, felly byddaf yn awyddus i archwilio ei farn ar y cynigion wrth iddynt ddod ymlaen a chynnal trafodaethau pellach ar hynny. Roedd cwestiwn ynglŷn â diwygio ardrethi annomestig. Felly, heddiw, yr hyn rydym yn sôn amdano yw dyfodol diwygio'r dreth gyngor. Fodd bynnag, mae'n bwysig iawn cydnabod bod ardrethi annomestig yn rhan bwysig arall o'r darlun cyllid llywodraeth leol hwnnw. Y tu mewn i'r ddogfen yr wyf wedi cyfeirio ati, mae'r crynodeb o'r canfyddiadau - sydd, Dirprwy Lywydd, yn wych i'w ddarllen ac rwy'n ei argymell i bob cyd-Aelod, fel yr wyf wedi bod yn ei wneud ers i ni ei gyhoeddi ym mis Chwefror - mae'n nodi'r holl ymchwil a wnaed gennym yn ystod tymor diwethaf y Senedd, gan edrych ar wahanol opsiynau ar gyfer y dreth gyngor. Felly, mae'n archwilio rhai o'r opsiynau radical hynny yr oedd Sam Rowlands yn eu disgrifio, megis treth ar werth tir, ond mae hefyd yn sôn am y gwaith yr ydym yn dechrau ei wneud o ran diwygio ardrethi annomestig. Ac mae'r gwaith hwnnw'n fwy yn ei ddyddiau cynnar na gwaith y dreth gyngor, oherwydd rydym wedi gwneud cymaint o gynnydd dros dymor diwethaf y Senedd. Ond, fel y dywedais i, mae ardrethi annomestig yn rhan bwysig iawn o'r darlun hwnnw, ac mae'n amhosibl, mewn gwirionedd, gweld dwy ochr y geiniog cyllid llywodraeth leol honno ar wahân i'w gilydd. Rhai cwestiynau pwysig iawn am unrhyw drefniadau trosiannol a beth allai'r effeithiau fod ar aelwydydd. Felly, cynhaliodd y Sefydliad Astudiaethau Cyllid ymchwil i ni yn ystod tymor diwethaf y Senedd, ac rwy'n falch iawn ein bod wedi gallu gweithio'n agos gyda nhw ar hynny. Ac mae'n archwilio a allai system lai atchweliadol fod yn bosibl drwy gyflwyno ailbrisio neu ailbrisio gyda bandiau ychwanegol, neu system gyfrannol heb fandiau. Ac mae hynny'n dod i'r casgliad yn yr ymchwil bod ein system bresennol bellach yn hen, mae'n atchweliadol, mae'n ystumio, er bod yr ymchwil hefyd yn cydnabod mai ni yw'r unig ran o'r DU i fod wedi ailbrisio ers y 1990au. Ac mae nawr beth fydd effaith yr ailbrisio ar ddinasyddion, cynghorau ac economïau lleol yn gwbl hanfodol wrth fwrw ymlaen â'r gwaith hwn. Ac mae'r gwaith IFS yn ein helpu i wneud hynny. Felly, amcangyfrifodd y gwaith hwnnw y byddai cynnal ailbrisiad a chadw'r naw band presennol yn symud tua 25 y cant o eiddo i fyny'r bandiau, byddai 26 y cant yn symud i lawr y bandiau, a byddai tua 49 y cant yn aros yr un fath. Ond, yn amlwg, mae goblygiadau o ran bod gwahanol awdurdodau lleol yn cael eu heffeithio mewn gwahanol ffyrdd. Ond rhan o'r hyn rydym ni'n edrych arno hefyd fyddai cynyddu nifer y bandiau, a fyddai'n amlwg yn newid y darlun hwnnw hefyd. Felly, llawer o waith i ni ei wneud wrth i ni symud ymlaen, ond rwy'n credu mai'r cwestiynau a nodwyd am y goblygiadau i aelwydydd ac i awdurdodau lleol yw'r rhai cywir a'r rhai y bydd angen i ni eu dilyn yn y cyfnod sydd i ddod. Ac ochr yn ochr â hynny, felly, i edrych ar drefniadau trosiannol ar gyfer yr aelwydydd hynny a fyddai'n cael eu heffeithio. Mae hynny'n rhywbeth yr wyf yn awyddus i'w archwilio maes o law, a hefyd yn awyddus i gael yr ymgysylltiad hwnnw â Llywodraeth y DU, a byddwn yn estyn allan atynt. Rwyf wedi siarad â nhw, fel yr wyf wedi siarad â phawb ers mis Chwefror, am y crynodeb o'r ddogfen canfyddiadau, ac rwyf wedi'i argymell i Lywodraeth y DU hefyd.