techiaith/cofnodycynulliad_en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: Thank you, Minister. You'll be aware of the recent report of the Education Policy Institute, stating that no progress has been made in trying to close the gap between pupils from different social backgrounds over the past decade. According to the report, the poorest pupils are two years behind their contemporaries from more affluent backgrounds, on average. I know that you are concerned about this, Minister; you've made that clear. But, can you give us an explanation as to what has gone wrong as well as detailing your plans to tackle this problem, on top of what you've already said? I understand the challenges caused by austerity, but this doesn't explain why the situation is worse in Wales than it is in England. Could you also tell us what your analysis is of what is at the heart of this problem? Is it the fact that schools in poorer areas don't have the same resources and funding, or are there challenges in attracting teachers, perhaps, to some of these areas? How will you be targeting resources and funding to support pupils facing such disadvantage? And finally, Minister, how much will you prioritise trying to teach those who need more support in smaller groups, please? Thank you.
Welsh: Diolch, Weinidog. Fe fyddwch chi'n ymwybodol o adroddiad diweddar yr Education Policy Institute, sy'n dweud bod dim cynnydd wedi bod o ran lleihau'r bwlch rhwng disgyblion o wahanol gefndiroedd cymdeithasol dros y ddegawd diwethaf. Mae'r adroddiad yn dweud bod y disgyblion tlotaf ddwy flynedd y tu ôl i'w cyfoedion o gefndiroedd mwy llewyrchus, ar gyfartaledd. Rwy'n gwybod eich bod chi'n poeni am hyn, Weinidog; rydych chi wedi gwneud hynny'n hysbys. Ond, allwch chi esbonio i ni beth sydd wedi mynd o'i le a beth fyddwch chi'n ei wneud i daclo'r broblem, ynghyd â beth rydych chi wedi ei ddweud? Rwy'n deall yr heriau y gwnaeth llymder eu hachosi, ond dyw hyn ddim yn esbonio pam fod y sefyllfa yn waeth yng Nghymru nag yw e yn Lloegr. Allwch chi ddweud hefyd beth yw eich dadansoddiad o ran gwraidd y broblem? Ydy e achos bod ysgolion mewn ardaloedd tlotach heb yr un adnoddau a chyllid, neu a oes heriau mewn atynnu athrawon efallai i rai o'r ardaloedd hyn? Sut fyddwch chi'n targedu adnoddau a chyllid er mwyn cefnogi disgyblion sy'n wynebu anfanteision? Ac yn olaf, Weinidog, faint o flaenoriaeth fyddwch chi'n ei rhoi i geisio dysgu grwpiau sydd angen mwy o gefnogaeth mewn grwpiau sydd yn llai, plis? Diolch yn fawr.
English: Minister, a report for the UK Department for Education in 2015 found that the most successful schools are supporting the attainment of disadvantaged pupils, treating each pupil as an individual with specific challenges and needs. The less successful schools tended to view their disadvantaged pupils as a group whose home environment and lack of access to opportunities limited their chances of success. The most successful schools put effective systems in place to identify needs, select strategies, monitor progress and respond quickly, whilst providing pupils with extensive emotional support alongside supporting their academic progress. Minister, do you agree that this individual targeted approach is best suited to reducing the attainment gap between pupils from different socioeconomic backgrounds here in Wales? Thank you.
Welsh: Weinidog, canfu adroddiad ar gyfer Adran Addysg y DU yn 2015 fod yr ysgolion mwyaf llwyddiannus yn cefnogi cyrhaeddiad disgyblion difreintiedig, gan drin pob disgybl fel unigolyn sydd â heriau ac anghenion penodol. Roedd yr ysgolion llai llwyddiannus yn tueddu i edrych ar eu disgyblion difreintiedig fel grŵp yr oedd eu hamgylchedd cartref a diffyg mynediad at gyfleoedd yn cyfyngu ar eu gobaith o lwyddo. Mae'r ysgolion mwyaf llwyddiannus yn rhoi systemau effeithiol ar waith i nodi anghenion, dewis strategaethau, monitro cynnydd ac ymateb yn gyflym, gan ddarparu cymorth emosiynol helaeth i ddisgyblion ochr yn ochr â chefnogi eu cynnydd academaidd. Weinidog, a ydych chi'n cytuno mai'r dull unigol hwn sydd wedi'i dargedu yw'r mwyaf addas ar gyfer lleihau'r bwlch cyrhaeddiad rhwng disgyblion o wahanol gefndiroedd economaidd-gymdeithasol yma yng Nghymru? Diolch.
English: I think that's part of the answer. Actually, I strongly believe that the new curriculum that we're introducing in Wales, which has at its heart, really, a curriculum tailored to the needs of individual learners and putting each learner in the best possible position to fulfil their own potential, will be a huge step forward for us. We will all speak to schools in our constituencies and regions. My own experience is that where schools have high levels of disadvantage, they're very excited about the opportunity that the curriculum brings, because they can see there's a means of perhaps re-engaging some of those young people who've found it most of a challenge. So, I think, that is very important. I finished my answer to Delyth Jewell by referencing the work we did in terms of COVID, and I think we will discover - we're already discovering - that the impact of that obviously has not been equally felt, and there's a very significant impact on those who are most disadvantaged, and so the support we've provided has very much been about making sure that the individual learner's needs are met and reflected. So, it hasn't been about a generic catch-up programme; it's been about remotivating, rebuilding confidence, re-engaging at that individual tailored level.
Welsh: Rwy'n credu bod hynny'n rhan o'r ateb. A dweud y gwir, rwy'n credu'n gryf y bydd y cwricwlwm newydd yr ydym yn ei gyflwyno yng Nghymru, sydd wedi'i deilwra i anghenion dysgwyr unigol ac sy'n rhoi pob dysgwr yn y sefyllfa orau bosibl i gyflawni ei botensial ei hun, yn gam enfawr ymlaen i ni mewn gwirionedd. Bydd pawb ohonom yn siarad ag ysgolion yn ein hetholaethau a'n rhanbarthau. Yn fy mhrofiad i, mae ysgolion sydd â lefelau uchel o anfantais yn gyffrous iawn am y cyfleoedd a ddaw yn sgil y cwricwlwm oherwydd gallant weld bod yna ffordd efallai o ailennyn diddordeb rhai o'r bobl ifanc sydd wedi wynebu'r heriau mwyaf. Felly, rwy'n credu bod hynny'n bwysig iawn. Gorffennais fy ateb i Delyth Jewell drwy gyfeirio at y gwaith a wnaethom mewn perthynas â COVID, ac rwy'n credu y byddwn yn darganfod - rydym eisoes yn darganfod - nad yw effaith hwnnw wedi'i theimlo'n gyfartal, a bod effaith sylweddol iawn ar y rhai mwyaf difreintiedig, ac felly mae'r cymorth a ddarparwyd gennym wedi ymwneud i raddau helaeth â sicrhau bod anghenion y dysgwr unigol yn cael eu diwallu a'u hadlewyrchu. Felly, nid oedd yn ymwneud â rhaglen dal i fyny generig; roedd yn ymwneud ag ailysgogi, ailadeiladu hyder, ail-ymgysylltu ar lefel sy'n addas i'r unigolyn.
English: Qualifications Wales have sought to deliver grade outcomes for approved A-levels and GCSEs that are broadly midway between summer 2019 and summer 2021, at a national level. And the results that were achieved by learners demonstrate their resilience, and I congratulate them all on their achievements.
Welsh: Mae Cymwysterau Cymru wedi ceisio darparu canlyniadau graddau ar gyfer Safon Uwch a TGAU cymeradwy sydd oddeutu hanner ffordd rhwng haf 2019 a haf 2021, ar lefel genedlaethol. Ac mae'r canlyniadau a gyflawnwyd gan ddysgwyr yn dangos eu gwytnwch, ac rwy'n eu llongyfarch i gyd ar eu cyflawniadau.
English: Minister, after such a troubling time, with the effect of the pandemic clearly impacting the lives of our young people, it is right that we celebrate the achievements of all our young people who have shown such fortitude in completing their studies. Many will have struggled because of absence, and some have questioned the fairness of the results. What lessons can we learn from the experience of this cohort of students as we plan for next year and beyond? Thank you.
Welsh: Weinidog, ar ôl cyfnod mor gythryblus, gydag effaith y pandemig yn amlwg yn effeithio ar fywydau ein pobl ifanc, mae'n iawn inni ddathlu cyflawniadau ein holl bobl ifanc sydd wedi dangos cymaint o gryfder wrth gwblhau eu hastudiaethau. Bydd llawer wedi cael trafferth oherwydd absenoldeb, ac mae rhai wedi cwestiynu tegwch y canlyniadau. Pa wersi y gallwn eu dysgu o brofiad y garfan hon o ddisgyblion wrth i ni gynllunio ar gyfer y flwyddyn nesaf a thu hwnt? Diolch.
English: The cost-of-living crisis is having, and will continue to have, significant impact on all public services, including our schools. The First Minister has already made clear in the Senedd yesterday that only the UK Government has the financial firepower to tackle the crippling effects of rising energy costs and other costs.
Welsh: Mae'r argyfwng costau byw yn cael, a bydd yn parhau i gael, effaith sylweddol ar bob gwasanaeth cyhoeddus, gan gynnwys ein hysgolion ni. Mae'r Prif Weinidog eisoes wedi egluro yn y Senedd ddoe mai dim ond y Llywodraeth yn San Steffan sydd â'r grym ariannol i fynd i'r afael gydag effeithiau andwyol y cynnydd mewn costau ynni a chostau eraill.
English: Thank you, Minister. Certainly, as the First Minister emphasised, there is a role for this Government and there are other things that we could be doing. The First Minister mentioned yesterday the campaign in terms of ensuring that people do take up every benefit currently available, including those that are under the control of the Welsh Government. In Scotland, they have advisers in specific schools to support parents to ensure that they do receive every benefit available to them. Is that something that you are considering introducing here in Wales?
Welsh: Diolch, Weinidog. Yn sicr, fel gwnaeth y Prif Weinidog bwysleisio hefyd, mae yna rôl gan y Llywodraeth hon ac mae yna bethau y gallem ni fod yn eu cyflawni. Soniodd y Prif Weinidog ddoe am yr ymgyrch o ran sicrhau bod pobl yn cymryd pob buddiant sydd ar gael ar y funud, gan gynnwys y rhai sydd o dan reolaeth Llywodraeth Cymru. Yn yr Alban, mae ganddyn nhw gynghorwyr mewn ysgolion penodol i gefnogi rhieni i sicrhau eu bod nhw'n cael pob buddiant. Ydy hyn yn rhywbeth yr ydych yn ystyried ei gyflwyno yma yng Nghymru?
English: It's already happening in some schools in Wales. Schools support families in all sorts of different ways to ensure that they can access support more broadly. One of the considerations mentioned by the First Minister yesterday was the need to ensure that any contact between families and any public body allows people to understand the range of support available to them. One of the things, and perhaps the Member is aware of this, that we considered in the context of free school meals was how to remind families that, although they already access free school meals, if they are already eligible to receive certain support, that they know that and that they can inform the school of that so that the school can ensure they have access to that broader range of support that is already available. And there's also more to be done in terms of communication and ensuring that we as a Government also provide information to schools to support families in need.
Welsh: Mae eisoes yn digwydd mewn rhai ysgolion yng Nghymru. Mae ysgolion yn cefnogi teuluoedd mewn pob math o ffyrdd i sicrhau eu bod nhw'n cael mynediad at gefnogaeth ehangach. Un o'r ystyriaethau wnaeth y Prif Weinidog sôn amdano ddoe, wrth gwrs, oedd bod angen sicrhau bod unrhyw gysylltiad rhwng teuluoedd ac unrhyw gorff cyhoeddus yn caniatáu i bobl ddeall yr ystod o gefnogaeth sydd ar gael ar eu cyfer nhw. Un o'r pethau, fel efallai fod yr Aelod yn gwybod, y gwnaethom ni ei ystyried yng nghyd-destun cynllun prydau am ddim oedd sut i atgoffa teuluoedd, er eu bod nhw'n cael prydau am ddim, os ydyn nhw'n gymwys eisoes i dderbyn cefnogaeth benodol, eu bod nhw'n gwybod hynny a bod cyfle iddyn nhw hysbysu'r ysgol o hynny fel bod yr ysgol yn gallu sicrhau eu bod nhw'n cael mynediad at yr ystod ehangach yna o gefnogaeth sydd i'w chael eisoes. Ac mae mwy i'w wneud hefyd o ran cyfathrebu a sicrhau ein bod ni hefyd fel Llywodraeth yn darparu gwybodaeth i ysgolion allu cefnogi teuluoedd sydd mewn angen.
English: Minister, undoubtedly the cost of supplying energy to school buildings with the recent increases in wholesale energy prices is going to put enormous strain on finances, which, as we know, are already under considerable pressure. It is therefore a real concern that headteachers will have to make staffing cuts in order to balance budgets, as highlighted earlier by other Members. Whilst we all agree that the situation that schools find themselves in is far from ideal, I believe that the current situation gives cause to invest more vigorously in the energy efficiency of school buildings. I wonder therefore what plans you have to upgrade the energy efficiency of school buildings across Wales, and, given that many of them have highly suitable roof surfaces and sufficient ground space to support renewable energy generation, whether this Government is going to provide investment to enable schools in Wales to install solar panels or suitable wind turbines. Thank you.
Welsh: Weinidog, diau y bydd y gost o gyflenwi ynni i adeiladau ysgolion, gyda'r cynnydd diweddar mewn prisiau ynni cyfanwerthol, yn rhoi straen enfawr ar gyllid, sydd, fel y gwyddom, eisoes dan bwysau sylweddol. O ganlyniad, mae'r ffaith y bydd yn rhaid i benaethiaid wneud toriadau staffio er mwyn cydbwyso cyllidebau, fel yr amlygwyd ynghynt gan Aelodau eraill, yn peri pryder gwirioneddol. Er ein bod ni i gyd yn cytuno bod y sefyllfa y mae ysgolion ynddi ymhell o fod yn ddelfrydol, credaf fod y sefyllfa bresennol yn rheswm dros fuddsoddi'n fwy helaeth yn effeithlonrwydd ynni adeiladau ysgolion. Tybed felly pa gynlluniau sydd gennych i uwchraddio effeithlonrwydd ynni adeiladau ysgolion ledled Cymru, ac o ystyried bod gan lawer ohonynt doeau addas iawn a digon o dir i gefnogi cynhyrchiant ynni adnewyddadwy, tybed a yw'r Llywodraeth hon am ddarparu buddsoddiad i alluogi ysgolion yng Nghymru i osod paneli solar neu dyrbinau gwynt addas. Diolch.
English: Well, that is a longer term solution to the challenge that the Member correctly describes as being imminent for schools, and I hope, as I'm sure he will, that when the statement is made on Friday, the Prime Minister will be clear in terms of the commitment that she's making to businesses and to individuals about the support for energy costs, which is certainly necessary in order for public services right across the UK not to feel the incredible pressure that otherwise they would. On the broader point that the Member was making, in a number of ways he will know that we have a programme to ensure that the school estate, like every other part of the public estate in Wales, makes its contribution to reaching the goals, the ambitious targets that we've set for making Wales a net-zero nation. So, for new school builds, as he will know, from 1 January this year, any school seeking funding from the Welsh Government will need to be a net-zero school. But there are many schools, obviously, that are much older than that and there is a significant amount of the school estate that requires investment in order for them to be able to make that contribution as well, and there's work under way to understand the scale of that with our local authority partners and then to look at how that can be mapped out into the future.
Welsh: Wel, mae hwnnw'n ateb mwy hirdymor i'r her y mae'r Aelod yn ei disgrifio'n gywir fel un sydd ar fin digwydd i ysgolion, ac rwy'n gobeithio, fel rwy'n siŵr y bydd ef, pan fydd y datganiad yn cael ei wneud ddydd Gwener, y bydd Prif Weinidog y DU yn glir ynghylch yr ymrwymiad y mae'n ei roi i fusnesau ac i unigolion am y cymorth tuag at gostau ynni, sy'n sicr yn angenrheidiol er mwyn sicrhau nad yw gwasanaethau cyhoeddus ar draws y DU yn teimlo'r pwysau anhygoel y byddent yn ei deimlo fel arall. Ar y pwynt ehangach a wnaeth yr Aelod, mewn nifer o ffyrdd fe fydd yn gwybod bod gennym raglen i sicrhau bod ystad yr ysgol, fel pob rhan arall o'r ystad gyhoeddus yng Nghymru, yn gwneud ei gyfraniad tuag at gyrraedd y nodau, y targedau uchelgeisiol a osodwyd gennym er mwyn gwneud Cymru yn genedl sero net. Felly, o ran ysgolion a adeiladir o'r newydd, fel y gŵyr, o 1 Ionawr eleni, bydd angen i unrhyw ysgol sy'n gofyn am arian gan Lywodraeth Cymru fod yn ysgol sero net. Ond mae yna lawer o ysgolion, yn amlwg, sy'n llawer hŷn na hynny ac mae cryn dipyn o ystad yr ysgol angen buddsoddiad er mwyn iddynt hwy allu cyfrannu hefyd, ac mae gwaith ar y gweill i ddeall hyd a lled hynny gyda'n partneriaid yn yr awdurdodau lleol ac edrych wedyn ar sut y gellir mapio hynny i'r dyfodol.
English: Minister, there's been significant interest in the reported consultation on school uniforms, and the First Minister spoke about this yesterday. The Welsh Government, of course, has extended the pupil development grant to support more families with the cost of uniforms and school kit to the extent of £200, but the Children's Society have said that the average cost of school uniform is still over £300 per child per year, and that is completely unnecessary and unfair. It's three years since we brought in guidance to improve uniform affordability - two years, that is, before England - and the succession of Westminster Tory Governments have widened the inequality. Now we find that school uniform banks are springing up, alongside food banks, alongside proposed warmth banks, and yet the bankers can get their extended bonuses. Can you provide an update on what schools in my region are doing to ensure families claim all the support that is available to them, and on the timetable for that public consultation?
Welsh: Weinidog, mae diddordeb sylweddol wedi bod yn yr ymgynghoriad yr adroddwyd yn ei gylch ar wisgoedd ysgol, a siaradodd y Prif Weinidog am hyn ddoe. Wrth gwrs, mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymestyn y grant datblygu disgyblion i roi hyd at £200 o gymorth i fwy o deuluoedd gyda chostau gwisg ysgol a chit ysgol, ond mae Cymdeithas y Plant wedi dweud bod cost gyfartalog gwisg ysgol yn dal i fod dros £300 y plentyn y flwyddyn, ac mae hynny'n annheg ac yn gwbl ddiangen. Mae tair blynedd ers inni gyflwyno canllawiau i wella fforddiadwyedd gwisg ysgol - dwy flynedd cyn Lloegr hynny yw - ac mae Llywodraethau Torïaidd olynol San Steffan wedi ehangu'r anghydraddoldeb. Nawr rydym yn gweld bod banciau gwisg ysgol yn agor, ochr yn ochr â banciau bwyd, ochr yn ochr â'r banciau cynhesu arfaethedig, ac eto gall y bancwyr gael eu bonysau disgwyliedig. A wnewch chi ddarparu'r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf am yr hyn y mae ysgolion yn fy rhanbarth yn ei wneud i sicrhau bod teuluoedd yn hawlio'r holl gymorth sydd ar gael iddynt, ac am yr amserlen ar gyfer yr ymgynghoriad cyhoeddus hwnnw?
English: I thank Joyce Watson for that supplementary question. She's right to say, of course, that the costs of school uniform are a considerable concern for many families. I wrote to schools over the summer recess, towards the end of the recess, to say to them that we will be looking again, as she says, at the guidance that's been in place for three years, effectively, at this point, but the scale of the issue is such that we need to look again at what more we can do. We know that the cost of uniform with school logos can be a real issue for families, so I will want to look at whether that is absolutely necessary and whether schools should be required to provide iron-on logos free of charge, so that the merits of the school uniform can be maintained without the costs being borne by those who are struggling most. The PDG access grant that we run in Wales is the most generous of any part of the UK. It is actually worth up to £300 for pupils in year 7, which is a year where the costs are particularly challenging, but for other years it's £225, and this year it's been increased to that level. And that is one of a range of ways in which we support families, but the pressures that families are feeling due to costs are very, very real, and there are many families who don't qualify for free school meals who are also finding it challenging, obviously, which is why tackling some of those questions, like the cost of uniforms, is so important.
Welsh: Diolch i Joyce Watson am y cwestiwn atodol hwnnw. Mae'n gywir i ddweud, wrth gwrs, fod costau gwisg ysgol yn bryder sylweddol i lawer o deuluoedd. Ysgrifennais at ysgolion dros doriad yr haf, tuag at ddiwedd y toriad, i ddweud wrthynt y byddwn yn edrych eto, fel y mae'n dweud, ar y canllawiau sydd wedi bod ar waith ers tair blynedd, i bob pwrpas, ar hyn o bryd, ond mae maint y mater yn golygu bod angen inni edrych eto ar beth arall y gallwn ei wneud. Gwyddom y gall cost gwisg ysgol gyda logos ysgol fod yn broblem wirioneddol i deuluoedd, felly byddaf am edrych i weld a yw hynny'n gwbl angenrheidiol ac a ddylai fod yn ofynnol i ysgolion ddarparu logos haearn smwddio yn rhad ac am ddim, fel y gellir cynnal rhinweddau'r wisg ysgol heb i'r rhai sy'n ei chael hi'n fwyaf anodd orfod talu'r costau. Ein grant datblygu disgyblion ni yma yng Nghymru yw'r grant mwyaf hael yn unrhyw ran o'r DU. Mewn gwirionedd mae'n werth hyd at £300 i ddisgyblion ym mlwyddyn 7, sy'n flwyddyn lle mae'r costau'n arbennig o heriol, a £225 i flynyddoedd eraill, ac fe gafodd ei gynyddu i'r lefel honno eleni. A dyna un o amrywiaeth o ffyrdd yr awn ati i gefnogi teuluoedd, ond mae'r pwysau y mae teuluoedd yn ei deimlo oherwydd costau yn real iawn ac mae llawer o deuluoedd nad ydynt yn gymwys i gael prydau ysgol am ddim yn amlwg yn ei chael hi'n anodd, a dyna pam ei bod hi mor bwysig ein bod yn mynd i'r afael â rhai o'r cwestiynau hyn, fel cost gwisg ysgol.
English: Our priority continues to be ensuring that higher education students have access to support that enables them to meet their day-to-day living costs. Our student support system provides support equivalent to the national living wage, with the highest levels of grant being targeted to those students most in need.
Welsh: Ein blaenoriaeth o hyd yw sicrhau bod myfyrwyr addysg uwch yn gallu cael cymorth sy'n eu galluogi i dalu eu costau byw o ddydd i ddydd. Mae ein system cymorth i fyfyrwyr yn darparu cymorth sy'n cyfateb i'r cyflog byw cenedlaethol, gyda'r lefelau grant uchaf yn cael eu targedu at y myfyrwyr sydd â'r angen mwyaf.
English: Thank you for that response, Minister. I'm sure you'll be as concerned as I am at the significant increase in inflation in the past few months and, of course, it's forecast to rise even further in the months ahead. The student finance regime hasn't changed to take account of those rising costs that many students are facing, particularly in terms of any increase in the level of grant that the Welsh Government makes available on an universal basis to all students - that has been frozen since the beginning of the introduction of the new student finance regime. And there's been no increase either in the maintenance grants that are available to students. What consideration has the Welsh Government given to actually looking at the levels of that universal grant and, indeed, the maintenance loans that are available to support students, given the situation that many will find themselves in over the next few months and years ahead?
Welsh: Diolch ichi am yr ymateb hwnnw, Weinidog. Rwy'n siŵr y byddwch yr un mor bryderus â minnau am y cynnydd sylweddol mewn chwyddiant yn y misoedd diwethaf ac wrth gwrs, rhagwelir y bydd yn codi'n uwch eto yn y misoedd i ddod. Nid yw'r drefn cyllid myfyrwyr wedi newid i ystyried y costau cynyddol y mae llawer o fyfyrwyr yn eu hwynebu, yn enwedig o ran cynyddu lefel y grant y mae Llywodraeth Cymru yn ei ddarparu ar sail gyffredinol i bob myfyriwr - mae hwnnw wedi'i rewi ers cyflwyno'r drefn cyllid myfyrwyr newydd. Ac ni fu cynnydd yn y grantiau cynhaliaeth sydd ar gael i fyfyrwyr ychwaith. Pa ystyriaeth y mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi'i rhoi i edrych ar lefelau'r grant cyffredinol hwnnw, ac yn wir y benthyciadau cynhaliaeth sydd ar gael i gefnogi myfyrwyr, o ystyried y sefyllfa y bydd llawer ohonynt yn ei hwynebu dros y misoedd nesaf a'r blynyddoedd i ddod?