English: I welcome Plaid Cymru's debate on young people and communities in Wales, and, in particular, I welcome the emphasis on tackling the outward migration of young people from our communities to other parts of Wales, or to the UK, or to the rest of the world. Immigration is one factor affecting the demographics of our society, but emigration is where a devolved Government can make more of a difference, through housing policy, through higher education policy, and a whole range of policy levers mentioned in the Plaid Cymru motion available this afternoon. It's important to begin by recognising the right of young people to live, to work, to travel and to study across a wide range of territories. At no point do we want to seek to limit young people's wider horizons. But we want the retention of young people to be recognised as a goal for public policy. For those who have moved away, we want to incentivise them to return to Wales, and, for those who have moved within Wales, we want to ensure that job opportunities are available as evenly as possible, right throughout the country. So, two main goals of public policy should be to retain a higher number of young people in Wales nationally, and to ensure a healthy distribution of young people across the country, with particular attention to rural and semi-urban areas. I'd like to mention the specific situation in the former coalfield. Looking at the statistics, the local authorities in the former south Wales coalfield have usually experienced a net loss of 15 to 29-year-olds over each of the past five years. Rhondda Cynon Taf has occasionally experienced a small net inflow of 15 to 29-year-olds, but not often. In Blaenau Gwent, in Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Neath Port Talbot, there is a consistent net loss of 15 to 29-year-olds. We know that young people will travel to bigger cities for work or to study, but these numbers, which include people in their late 20s, could look far healthier if we were able to provide more job opportunities closer to people's home communities. The location of young adults shouldn't simply be left to the market to decide. The market is clearly failing, and when the market fails, there should be Government intervention in the form of incentives and opportunities to ensure that we have vibrant communities in place of declining communities. So, why does Plaid Cymru believe this? Why does it matter where people live and work? Young people, especially young adults, contribute to the resilience of communities. They are a barometer as to how viable a community is. They contribute to population growth, either by themselves or as families, which sustains services like schools, GP surgeries, shops, pubs and so on. Everyone in this Chamber who represents a former industrial-type community will know that we have seen a number of those services wither away as our population growth has stagnated. Llywydd, I would like to see changes to the planning system that enable affordable housing to be developed, targeted specifically at young people. I would like to see public sector jobs located in areas that need a helping hand to stimulate other economic activity. I would also urge the Government to improve the digital infrastructure so that people can work closer to home and can start businesses within their own communities. I don't think the amendments from the Government, or from the other opposition parties, go far enough. Mentioning incentives that have already happened won't make a difference. Mentioning Governments from a decade ago won't make any difference. We need new ideas and I urge this Assembly this afternoon to endorse Plaid Cymru's ideas in this motion today.
Welsh: Rwy'n croesawu dadl Plaid Cymru ar bobl ifanc a chymunedau yng Nghymru, ac yn benodol, rwy'n croesawu'r pwyslais ar fynd i'r afael ag allfudiad pobl ifanc o'n cymunedau i rannau eraill o Gymru, neu i'r DU, neu i weddill y byd. Un ffactor sy'n effeithio ar ddemograffeg ein cymdeithas yw mewnfudo, ond un ffactor lle y gall Llywodraeth ddatganoledig wneud mwy o wahaniaeth yw allfudo, drwy'r polisi tai, drwy'r polisi addysg uwch, ac ystod eang o ysgogiadau polisi a grybwyllir yng nghynnig Plaid Cymru y prynhawn yma. Mae'n bwysig dechrau drwy gydnabod hawl pobl ifanc i fyw, i weithio, i deithio ac i astudio ar draws ystod eang o diriogaethau. Ni ddymunwn geisio cyfyngu ar orwelion ehangach pobl ifanc mewn unrhyw fodd. Ond rydym am i gadw pobl ifanc gael ei gydnabod fel nod polisi cyhoeddus. I'r rhai sydd wedi symud, rydym am eu cymell i ddychwelyd i Gymru, ac i'r rhai sydd wedi symud yng Nghymru, rydym am sicrhau bod cyfleoedd swyddi ar gael mor gyfartal â phosibl, ym mhob cwr o'r wlad. Felly, dylai cadw nifer uwch o bobl ifanc yng Nghymru yn genedlaethol, a sicrhau dosbarthiad iach o bobl ifanc ledled y wlad, gyda sylw arbennig i ardaloedd gwledig a lled-drefol, fod yn ddau brif amcan polisi cyhoeddus. Hoffwn sôn am y sefyllfa benodol yn y cyn faes glo. Wrth edrych ar yr ystadegau, fel arfer mae'r awdurdodau lleol yn hen faes glo de Cymru wedi profi colled net o bobl ifanc 15 i 29 oed dros bob un o'r pum mlynedd diwethaf. Ar brydiau, mae Rhondda Cynon Taf wedi profi mewnlif net bychan o bobl ifanc 15 i 29 oed, ond nid yw'n digwydd yn aml. Ym Mlaenau Gwent, Merthyr Tudful, Caerffili, Castell-nedd Port Talbot, ceir colled net gyson o bobl ifanc 15 i 29 oed. Rydym yn gwybod y bydd pobl ifanc yn teithio i ddinasoedd mwy i gael gwaith neu i astudio, ond gallai'r niferoedd hyn, sy'n cynnwys pobl yn eu 20au hwyr, edrych lawer yn iachach pe baem yn gallu darparu mwy o gyfleoedd gwaith yn nes at gymunedau cartref pobl. Ni ddylid gadael i'r farchnad yn unig bennu lle mae oedolion ifanc yn byw. Yn amlwg, mae'r farchnad yn methu, a phan fydd y farchnad yn methu, dylid cael ymyrraeth gan y Llywodraeth ar ffurf cymhellion a chyfleoedd i sicrhau bod gennym gymunedau bywiog yn lle cymunedau sy'n dihoeni. Felly, pam mae Plaid Cymru'n credu hyn? Pam mae'n bwysig lle bydd pobl yn byw ac yn gweithio? Mae pobl ifanc, yn enwedig oedolion ifanc, yn cyfrannu at gryfder cymunedau. Maent yn llinyn mesur o ba mor hyfyw yw cymuned. Maent yn cyfrannu at dwf poblogaeth, naill ai eu hunain neu fel teuluoedd, gan gynnal gwasanaethau fel ysgolion, meddygfeydd, siopau, tafarndai ac yn y blaen. Bydd pawb yn y Siambr sy'n cynrychioli cymuned a arferai fod yn gymuned ddiwydiannol o ryw fath yn gwybod ein bod wedi gweld nifer o'r gwasanaethau hynny'n diflannu wrth i dwf yn y boblogaeth arafu. Lywydd, hoffwn weld newidiadau i'r system gynllunio sy'n ei gwneud hi'n bosibl datblygu tai fforddiadwy, wedi'u targedu'n benodol at bobl ifanc. Hoffwn weld swyddi sector cyhoeddus wedi'u lleoli mewn ardaloedd sydd angen help i ysgogi gweithgarwch economaidd arall. Buaswn hefyd yn annog y Llywodraeth i wella'r seilwaith digidol fel y gall pobl weithio'n agosach at eu cartrefi a gallu dechrau busnesau yn eu cymunedau eu hunain. Nid wyf yn meddwl bod y gwelliannau gan y Llywodraeth neu gan y gwrthbleidiau eraill yn mynd yn ddigon pell. Ni fydd crybwyll cymhellion sydd eisoes wedi digwydd yn gwneud gwahaniaeth. Ni fydd sôn am Lywodraethau ddegawd yn ôl yn gwneud unrhyw wahaniaeth. Mae angen syniadau newydd arnom, ac rwy'n annog y Cynulliad y prynhawn yma i gefnogi syniadau Plaid Cymru yn y cynnig hwn heddiw.