English: Thank you very much, Joel James. I was grateful we had some positive comments at the start of your questions today. I think you recognised that this pilot could offer great opportunities for our care leavers, and this is a basic income pilot. I just want to start by answering your questions about why we're focusing this pilot on care leavers. We're, as a Welsh Government, committed to supporting those who are living in poverty, ensuring they receive adequate financial support so that everyone in Wales can live happy and healthy lives. Care leavers have a right - this is about a right for care leavers to be fully supported, as we do through their care experience, as they develop into independent young adults. We know that too many young people leaving care do face significant barriers to achieving that successful transition into adulthood. So, basic income is a direct investment in a cohort of young people who we want to support so that they can thrive while they secure their basic needs. Care-experienced young people are a group, as I've said, we've already consistently chosen to invest in - a top-up for the child trust fund, additional council tax exemptions, the establishment of the St David's Day fund. But it is recognised that, compared with their peers - . This is where you've got to answer the question, I have to say, as well: why not invest in these care-experienced young people who have been disproportionately disadvantaged and who are statistically more likely to experience issues such as homelessness, addiction and mental health? So, this is about actually building on the support, enabling our young people leaving care to take part in this pilot. And given the support, they could have the best possible chance for this transition into better, easier and more positive experiences. This is a decision, this is a choice that we have made, a priority that we have in our budget. Indeed, it was in our manifesto and programme for government that we would pilot basic income. So, just to clarify on the funding, we've allocated £20 million to the delivery of this pilot over the course of three years. It comprises the payments themselves, administration costs and research and evaluation costs. Clearly, it depends on the take-up and participation rates; it's not compulsory, this pilot, but just in terms of the need for additional financial advice and support, that's going to be provided for those eligible to take part in the pilot - that's what care-experienced young people said. Approximately £2 million has been allocated for this service for the full period of the pilot, over three to four years. So, that's pre pilot through to post pilot as well. So, the funding is there to fund the organisations that actually have responsibility, as we do Voices from Care Cymru and all those who currently support our young people. But also, as I've said, it's the role of local authorities to support them as well. As a point of principle, I would say - and taking this as a rights-based approach - all of those who meet the eligibility criteria will be entitled to sign up to the pilot if they choose to do so, and it should be treated no differently from any other form of income. Just in terms of their needs and their life experiences, of course there will be existing ongoing support from young people's advisors. Safeguarding procedures would be followed as standard as well, if there was any concern about perceived risk. But this is about actually having a package of support that's going to be available. Now, it's interesting to look at trials across the world of basic income. For example, one of the longest running basic income schemes in North Carolina has followed children who were aged nine to 13 in 1992. These children grew into adulthood, and lower prevalence of substance misuse disorders were observed in those receiving the income. We've looked at these trials, we've looked at the outcomes. That scheme also demonstrated a 22 per cent decrease in reported criminal activity among 16 and 17-year-olds, particularly in terms of substance misuse and minor crimes. This pilot will be evaluated very clearly in terms of the responsibilities, but also it is going to be, in terms of evaluation - . We're going to be looking, as we move through this, in terms of support for these young people as the pilot concludes. They will have the backing, the support and the ongoing input in terms of not just financial advice and support, signposting well-being, education, work and broader financial advice. Many of these young people will be accessing other schemes, like the young person's guarantee. I mean, if you have chosen, or otherwise I hope you will, to look at some of the statements that have been made by young people today, young people in care who said to us - and these include young people who've been in care - that this gives them hope, this shows that this Welsh Government, and, I hope, this Senedd, believes in these young people and believes that they should have these opportunities we're providing.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn i chi, Joel James. Roeddwn i'n ddiolchgar am ein bod ni wedi cael rhai sylwadau cadarnhaol ar ddechrau eich cwestiynau chi heddiw. Rwy'n credu i chi gydnabod y gallai'r cynllun treialu hwn gynnig cyfleoedd gwych i'r rhai sy'n gadael gofal yma, ac mai cynllun treialu incwm sylfaenol yw hwn. Fe hoffwn i ddechrau drwy ateb eich cwestiynau chi ynghylch pam yr ydym ni wedi canolbwyntio'r cynllun treialu hwn ar y rhai sy'n gadael gofal. Rydym ni, yn Llywodraeth Cymru, wedi ymrwymo i gefnogi'r rhai sy'n byw mewn tlodi, gan sicrhau eu bod nhw'n cael cymorth ariannol digonol er mwyn i bawb yng Nghymru gael bywyd sy'n hapus ac yn iach. Mae gan y rhai sy'n gadael gofal hawl - ystyr hyn yw rhoi hawl i'r rhai sy'n gadael gofal gael cefnogaeth lawn, fel yr ydym ni'n parhau i'w wneud drwy gydol eu profiad nhw o ofal, wrth iddyn nhw ddatblygu yn oedolion ifanc annibynnol. Fe wyddom ni fod gormod o bobl ifanc sy'n gadael gofal yn wynebu rhwystrau sylweddol rhag cyflawni'r newid hwnnw ar gyfer trosglwyddo i fywyd oedolyn yn llwyddiannus. Felly, mae incwm sylfaenol yn fuddsoddiad uniongyrchol mewn carfan o bobl ifanc yr ydym ni'n awyddus i'w cefnogi nhw fel y gallan nhw ffynnu wrth sicrhau eu hanghenion sylfaenol nhw. Mae pobl ifanc â phrofiad o ofal yn grŵp, fel dywedais i, y gwnaethom ni ddewis gwneud buddsoddiad cyson ynddo eisoes - ychwanegiad at y gronfa ymddiriedolaeth plant, eithriadau ychwanegol i'r dreth gyngor, sefydlu cronfa Dydd Gŵyl Dewi. Ond fe gaiff hynny ei gydnabod, o'i gymharu â'u cyfoedion nhw - . Mae'n rhaid i chi ateb y cwestiwn yn hyn o beth, mae'n rhaid i mi ddweud, hefyd: beth am fuddsoddi yn y bobl ifanc hyn sydd â phrofiad o ofal sydd wedi bod o dan anfantais anghymesur ac sy'n fwy tebygol yn ystadegol o brofiadau o faterion ynglŷn â digartrefedd, dibyniaeth ac iechyd meddwl? Felly, ystyr hyn yw adeiladu ar y cymorth, gan alluogi ein pobl ifanc ni yma sy'n gadael gofal i fod â rhan yn y cynllun treialu hwn. Ac o gael y gefnogaeth honno, fe allen nhw fod â'r cyfle gorau posibl i sicrhau'r newid hwn i brofiadau gwell, sy'n haws ac yn fwy adeiladol. Penderfyniad yw hwn, dewis a wnaethom ni yw hwn, ac mae honno'n flaenoriaeth yn ein cyllideb ni. Yn wir, yn ein maniffesto a'n rhaglen lywodraethu ni roeddem ni'n nodi y byddem ni'n treialu incwm sylfaenol. Felly, i roi eglurder ynglŷn â'r cyllid, rydym ni wedi dyrannu £20 miliwn i gyflawni'r cynllun treialu hwn dros gyfnod o dair blynedd. Mae hynny'n cynnwys y taliadau eu hunain, y costau gweinyddu a'r costau o ran ymchwil a gwerthuso. Yn amlwg, mae hyn yn dibynnu ar y cyfraddau o ran defnydd a chyfranogi; nid rhywbeth gorfodol mo'r cynllun treialu hwn, ond o ran yr angen am gyngor a chymorth ariannol ychwanegol yn unig, fe fydd hynny'n cael ei roi i'r rhai sy'n gymwys i gymryd rhan yn y cynllun - dyna a oedd y bobl ifanc â phrofiad o ofal yn ei ddweud. Dyrannwyd tua £2 filiwn gyfer y gwasanaeth hwn am gyfnod llawn y cynllun treialu, dros dair i bedair blynedd. Felly, mae hynny o'r cyfnod cyn y cynllun yr holl ffordd drwodd i'r cyfnod wedi'r cynllun hefyd. Felly, mae'r cyllid yno i ariannu'r sefydliadau sydd â chyfrifoldeb mewn gwirionedd, fel rydym ni'n gwneud i Voices from Care Cymru a phawb sy'n cefnogi ein pobl ifanc ni ar hyn o bryd. Ond hefyd, fel dywedais i, gwaith i'r awdurdodau lleol yw eu cefnogi nhw hefyd. Yn fater o egwyddor, yn fy marn i - ac o ystyried hwn yn ddull gweithredu ar sail hawliau unigolion - y bydd gan bawb sy'n bodloni'r meini prawf cymhwysedd hawl i ymuno â'r cynllun treialu pe byddan nhw'n dewis gwneud hynny, ac ni ddylid ei drin yn wahanol i unrhyw fath arall o incwm. O ran eu hanghenion nhw a phrofiadau eu bywydau nhw, wrth gwrs, fe roddir cymorth parhaus ar hyn o bryd gan gynghorwyr pobl ifanc. Fe fyddai gweithdrefnau diogelu yn cael eu dilyn yn ôl arfer hefyd, pe byddai unrhyw bryder ynglŷn â risgiau canfyddedig. Ond ystyr hyn yw cynnig pecyn cymorth a fydd ar gael. Nawr, mae hi'n ddiddorol i ni edrych ar gynlluniau arbrofol ar draws y byd o ran incwm sylfaenol. Er enghraifft, mae un o'r cynlluniau incwm sylfaenol mwyaf hir sefydlog yn nhalaith Gogledd Carolina wedi bod yn dilyn plant a oedd rhwng naw a 13 oed ym 1992. Tyfodd y plant hyn i fod yn oedolion, a gwelwyd llai o achosion o ran camddefnyddio sylweddau yn y rhai a oedd wedi cael yr incwm hwnnw. Rydym ni wedi edrych ar y cynlluniau hyn, rydym ni wedi edrych ar y canlyniadau. Dangosodd y cynllun hwnnw ostyngiad o 22 y cant hefyd yn nifer y materion troseddol a gofnodwyd ymhlith pobl ifanc 16 a 17 oed, yn enwedig o ran camddefnyddio sylweddau a mân droseddau. Bydd y cynllun treialu hwn yn cael ei werthuso yn fanwl iawn o ran y cyfrifoldebau, ond fe fydd hefyd, o ran gwerthuso - . Fe fyddwn ni'n edrych, wrth i ni symud drwy hyn, o ran cefnogaeth i'r bobl ifanc hyn wrth i'r cynllun ddod i ben. Bydd y gefnogaeth, y cyngor a'r mewnbwn parhaus ar gael o ran nid yn unig cyngor a chymorth ariannol, gan gyfeirio at lesiant, addysg, gwaith a chyngor ariannol ehangach. Bydd llawer o'r bobl ifanc hyn yn manteisio ar gynlluniau eraill, fel y warant i bobl ifanc. Hynny yw, os ydych chi wedi dewis, neu fel rwyf i'n gobeithio y gwnewch chi rywbryd eto efallai, edrych ar rai o'r datganiadau a wnaeth pobl ifanc heddiw, pobl ifanc mewn gofal a oedd yn dweud wrthym ni - ac mae'r rhain yn cynnwys pobl ifanc sydd wedi bod mewn gofal - fod hyn yn estyn gobaith iddyn nhw, mae hyn yn dangos bod y Llywodraeth hon, ac, rwy'n gobeithio, fod y Senedd hon yn dangos ffydd yn y bobl ifanc hyn ac yn credu y dylen nhw fod â'r cyfleoedd hyn yr ydym ni'n eu rhoi.