English: Sorry, forgive me, Suzy. With regard to Hwb, that is being rolled out to FE learners. I think that process is near complete, and so those resources are available for those learners. With regard to the PCET Bill, as you've just outlined, Suzy, the contribution of both FE and HE and work-based learning to the future of the Welsh economy as we emerge from this - not just a public health emergency but an economic emergency - is going to be more important then ever and, therefore, reforms in that sector, I think, are more important than ever. You'll be aware that the Bill was submitted to the Presiding Office prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, and it was my intention for that to come to the committee at the start of this term. Those processes, of course, are ongoing. That Bill is ready to be scrutinised, and I will continue to discuss with the Commission about the opportunities that may be available as the Assembly finds new and innovative ways of carrying on its work in this crisis to be able to bring that Bill forward. I certainly am ready to do so. There may be practical considerations that, perhaps, we will have to contend with. With regard to the HE sector, you will be aware of the work of Universities UK that has tried to quantify the effects of the crisis on the HE sector. Some of those are immediate in terms of loss of income in the here and now, whether that be from conferences, catering, accommodation, but, of course, as we look to the start of the new academic year, those impacts could be even greater. I think it is fair to say that we are looking at a significant drop in overseas students as well as potentially disruption to the UK market if some students decide to defer for a year and not choose to go to university at this point, although we have to say there's no evidence of that at this point. In fact, quite to the contrary: anecdotal evidence suggests that there are a lot of 18-year-olds who are desperate to get away in September at the start of the academic year, and perhaps are even more determined to fly the nest having experienced this period of lockdown than they were previously. But they are real questions that we're grappling with. I'm very pleased that universities have abided by the moratorium on converting conditional offers to offers that do not have any conditions. I'm grateful for their co-operation in that regard. But that moratorium, as you know, will come to an end, and we're discussing, on a UK-wide basis, the introduction - certainly, on an England and Wales basis - of temporary student number controls. This is not something that usually happens in the Welsh or the English systems. They do have controls on numbers in Scotland because of the different ways in which they finance their system, but in England and Wales we don't have number controls. But as you'll have known from the Universities UK paper, this is a suggestion by the sector itself that we introduce student number controls for the new academic year, which would allow institutions to recruit their projected numbers plus 5 per cent, and I hope that we're able to make an announcement in Wales shortly on student number controls, which will add additional stability for the start of the new academic year. Research funding is absolutely critical and is particularly at risk because this is often match funded by the fees brought to the sector by international students, and the future and the scale of research funding continues to be a subject that is discussed on a four-nation basis because the scales - . First of all, many elements of research and innovation funding for the sector is not a devolved matter and the scale of some of the interventions that we're looking at really needs to be done on a four-nation basis. I had further discussions with my Westminster counterpart in that regard today and we - myself, the Northern Irish Minister and the Scottish Minister - keep urging the Westminster Government to be able to find new moneys from the Treasury to be able to support the HE sector at this time. But just like the finance Minister in Wales is being asked by all parties for additional resources, I suspect the same is true of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and we are supporting Gavin Williamson and Michelle Donelan in their calls for the Treasury and their case to the Treasury to support the sector.
Welsh: Mae'n ddrwg gennyf, maddeuwch i mi, Suzy. O ran Hwb, mae'n cael ei gyflwyno i ddysgwyr AB. Credaf fod y broses honno bron wedi'i chwblhau, ac felly mae'r adnoddau hynny ar gael i'r dysgwyr hynny. O ran y Bil AHO, fel yr ydych chi newydd ei amlinellu, Suzy, bydd cyfraniad addysg bellach ac addysg uwch a dysgu seiliedig ar waith i ddyfodol economi Cymru wrth i ni ddod allan o hyn - sydd nid dim ond yn argyfwng iechyd cyhoeddus ond yn argyfwng economaidd - yn bwysicach nag erioed ac, felly, mae diwygiadau yn y sector hwnnw, rwy'n credu, yn bwysicach nag erioed. Byddwch yn ymwybodol bod y Bil wedi'i gyflwyno i Swyddfa'r Llywydd cyn i'r pandemig ddechrau, a'm bwriad oedd dod â hynny i'r pwyllgor ar ddechrau'r tymor hwn. Mae'r prosesau hynny, wrth gwrs, yn parhau. Mae'r Bil hwnnw'n barod i graffu arno, a byddaf yn parhau i drafod gyda'r Comisiwn y cyfleoedd a all fod ar gael wrth i'r Cynulliad ganfod ffyrdd newydd ac arloesol o gyflawni ei waith yn yr argyfwng hwn er mwyn gallu cyflwyno'r Bil hwnnw. Rwy'n sicr yn barod i wneud hynny. Efallai fod ystyriaethau ymarferol y bydd yn rhaid inni ymgodymu â nhw. O ran y sector addysg uwch, byddwch yn ymwybodol o waith Universities UK sydd wedi ceisio mesur effeithiau'r argyfwng ar y sector addysg uwch. Mae rhai o'r rheini'n ddisyfyd o ran colli incwm ar hyn o bryd, boed hynny o gynadleddau, arlwyo, llety, ond, wrth gwrs, wrth inni edrych ar ddechrau'r flwyddyn academaidd newydd, gallai'r effeithiau hynny fod hyd yn oed yn fwy. Rwy'n credu ei bod yn deg dweud ein bod yn edrych ar ostyngiad sylweddol mewn myfyrwyr tramor yn ofrgystal ag amharu ar farchnad y DU o bosibl os bydd rhai myfyrwyr yn penderfynu gohirio am flwyddyn a dewis peidio â mynd i'r brifysgol ar hyn o bryd, er bod yn rhaid i ni ddweud nad oes tystiolaeth o hynny ar hyn o bryd. A dweud y gwir, i'r gwrthwyneb: mae tystiolaeth anecdotaidd yn awgrymu bod llawer o bobl ifanc 18 oed sy'n daer am fynd i ffwrdd ym mis Medi ar ddechrau'r flwyddyn academaidd, ac efallai eu bod yn fwy penderfynol fyth o adael y nyth ar ôl profi'r cyfnod hwn o gyfyngiadau nag yr oeddent o'r blaen. Ond maen nhw'n gwestiynau dilys yr ydym ni'n ymgodymu â nhw. Rwy'n falch iawn bod prifysgolion wedi ufuddhau i'r moratoriwm ar drosi cynigion amodol i gynigion nad oes ganddyn nhw unrhyw amodau. Rwy'n ddiolchgar am eu cydweithrediad yn hynny o beth. Ond bydd y moratoriwm hwnnw, fel y gwyddoch, yn dod i ben, ac rydym yn trafod, ar sail y DU gyfan, cyflwyno - yn sicr, ar sail Cymru a Lloegr - rheolaethau ar niferoedd myfyrwyr dros dro. Nid yw hyn yn rhywbeth sy'n digwydd fel arfer yn systemau Cymru a Lloegr. Mae ganddyn nhw reolaethau ar niferoedd yn yr Alban oherwydd y gwahanol ffyrdd y maen nhw'n ariannu eu system, ond yng Nghymru a Lloegr nid oes gennym ni reolaethau ar niferoedd. Ond fel y byddwch chi'n gwybod o bapur Universities UK, mae hwn yn awgrym gan y sector ei hun ein bod yn cyflwyno rheolaethau rhif myfyrwyr ar gyfer y flwyddyn academaidd newydd, a fyddai'n caniatáu i sefydliadau recriwtio eu niferoedd rhagamcanol ynghyd â 5 y cant, a gobeithio y gallwn wneud cyhoeddiad yng Nghymru yn fuan ar reolaethau niferoedd myfyrwyr, a fydd yn ychwanegu sefydlogrwydd ychwanegol ar gyfer dechrau'r flwyddyn academaidd newydd. Mae cyllid ymchwil yn gwbl hanfodol ac mae mewn perygl arbennig gan fod hyn yn aml yn cael ei ariannu gan arian cyfatebol o'r ffioedd a gyflwynir i'r sector gan fyfyrwyr rhyngwladol, ac mae'r dyfodol a graddfa cyllid ymchwil yn parhau i fod yn bwnc sy'n cael ei drafod ar sail pedair gwlad oherwydd bod y graddfeydd - . Yn gyntaf oll, nid yw llawer o elfennau o gyllid ymchwil ac arloesi ar gyfer y sector wedi'u datganoli ac oherwydd maint rhai o'r ymyriadau yr ydym ni'n edrych arnyn nhw dylid eu gwneud mewn gwirionedd ar sail pedair gwlad. Cefais ragor o drafodaethau gyda'm Gweinidog cyfatebol yn San Steffan ynghylch hyn heddiw ac rydym ni - minnau, Gweinidog Gogledd Iwerddon a Gweinidog yr Alban - yn parhau i annog Llywodraeth San Steffan i ddod o hyd i arian newydd o'r Trysorlys i gefnogi'r sector addysg uwch ar yr adeg hon. Ond yn union fel y mae pob plaid yn gofyn i'r Gweinidog Cyllid yng Nghymru am adnoddau ychwanegol, nid wyf yn amau nad yw'r un peth yn wir am Ganghellor y Trysorlys, ac rydym yn cefnogi Gavin Williamson a Michelle Donelan yn eu galwadau i'r Trysorlys a'u hachos i'r Trysorlys i gefnogi'r sector.