English: Thank you to Mr Reckless for his series of questions. I know that you are relatively new to Wales, but there is an honourable tradition in Welsh public policy of the principle of universalism in a progressive system. It is one that has enjoyed a consensus of many of us in this Chamber, and I am delighted that Sir Ian has continued with that principle in the report today. I firmly believe that higher education is a shared investment - a shared investment, yes, with those who will directly benefit from pursuing a higher education - but, there is benefit to our society also in people deciding to choose at a higher education level. It is a shared investment and I for one am very pleased that Sir Ian has recognised it in his work and it is a principle that I fully endorse. Mr Reckless asks how this is a progressive system. This is a progressive system because it will address the No. 1 concern for students in the here and now - that it is upfront living costs that is the biggest barrier to going on to study at higher education. It is the ability to survive from week to week, to sustain yourself in university, that is the biggest barrier. And in this system, students from our poorest backgrounds, or those who have been in the care system, or those who are estranged from their parents will have a maintenance grant, non-repayable, that is equivalent to the minimum wage. That is the essence of a progressive system. If he can't recognise that, then there's nothing I can do to help him. There is nothing I can do to help him. Nothing at all. I think it's also an important principle, which has been endorsed by Sir Ian today, that this system should be truly portable. As I've said in earlier questions, I don't want to put a lid on the ambition of Welsh students. There are fantastic higher education institutions in our country that people can study in, and many in this Chamber have benefitted from them. But, there is also a wider world out there and if students want to take the opportunity to study in institutions in the rest of the UK, the European Union or other parts of the world, then I want a system that allows them to fulfil their dreams and their ambitions. If they are good enough to get into whichever institution, then this system should be there to support them. I will be looking to see how we can make that a reality for students. With regard to incentivisation, it is a recommendation within the report. I welcome that recommendation. I think that there is merit in looking to do what we can to incentivise students to remain, to practise their work in Wales, to keep those skills in Wales, or to bring those skills back to Wales. It is not without its problems; that is outlined in the report. But it is not beyond the wit of this Government, working with others, to come up with a system that can achieve those goals. I have made a sincere offer to the Plaid Cymru spokesperson to work with them to see what scheme we can come up with that will do just that. There are practicalities to overcome. But, as I said, it's not beyond the wit of us to be able to come up with a scheme, and that is what I intend to do.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr i Mr Reckless am ei gyfres o gwestiynau. Gwn eich bod yn gymharol newydd i Gymru, ond ceir traddodiad anrhydeddus o ran polisi cyhoeddus yng Nghymru sef yr egwyddor o gyffredinoliaeth mewn system flaengar. Mae'n un sydd wedi bod yn destun consensws gan lawer ohonom yn y Siambr hon, ac rwyf wrth fy modd â'r ffaith bod Syr Ian wedi parhau i gadw at yr egwyddor honno yn yr adroddiad heddiw. Rwy'n credu'n gryf bod addysg uwch yn fuddsoddiad a rennir - buddsoddiad a rennir, ie, â'r rhai hynny a fydd yn elwa'n uniongyrchol o ddilyn addysg uwch - ond, ceir budd i'n cymdeithas hefyd o ran pobl yn penderfynu astudio ar lefel addysg uwch. Mae'n fuddsoddiad a rennir ac rwy'n falch iawn bod Syr Ian wedi cydnabod hynny yn ei waith ac mae'n egwyddor rwy'n ei chymeradwyo'n llwyr. Mae Mr Reckless yn gofyn sut y mae hon yn system flaengar. Mae hon yn system flaengar gan y bydd yn mynd i'r afael â'r prif bryder ar gyfer myfyrwyr ar hyn o bryd - mai costau byw ymlaen llaw yw'r rhwystr mwyaf o ran mynd ymlaen i astudio mewn addysg uwch. Y gallu i oroesi o wythnos i wythnos, i gynnal eich hun yn y brifysgol, dyna'r rhwystr mwyaf. Ac yn y system hon, bydd ein myfyrwyr mwyaf difreintiedig, neu'r rhai sydd wedi bod yn rhan o'r system ofal, neu'r rhai sydd wedi ymddieithrio oddi wrth eu rhieni, yn derbyn grant cynhaliaeth, na fydd angen ei ad-dalu, sy'n cyfateb â'r isafswm cyflog. Dyna yw hanfod system flaengar. Os na allai gydnabod hynny, yna nid oes dim byd y gallaf ei wneud i'w helpu. Nid oes unrhyw beth y gallaf ei wneud i'w helpu. Dim byd o gwbl. Rwy'n credu ei bod hefyd yn egwyddor bwysig, sydd wedi'i chymeradwyo gan Syr Ian heddiw, y dylai'r system hon fod yn wirioneddol gludadwy. Fel yr wyf wedi ei ddweud wrth ymateb i gwestiynau yn gynharach, nid wyf am roi cap ar uchelgais myfyrwyr o Gymru. Ceir sefydliadau addysg uwch ardderchog yn ein gwlad ni y gall pobl astudio ynddynt, ac mae llawer yn y Siambr hon wedi elwa arnynt. Ond, mae yna fyd mawr y tu allan i Gymru hefyd ac os yw myfyrwyr eisiau achub ar y cyfle i astudio mewn sefydliadau yng ngweddill y DU, yr Undeb Ewropeaidd neu rannau eraill o'r byd, yna rwyf am gael system sy'n caniatáu iddynt wireddu eu breuddwydion a'u huchelgeisiau. Os ydynt yn ddigon da i gael eu derbyn i ba bynnag sefydliad, yna dylai'r system hon eu cefnogi. Byddaf yn ystyried sut y gallwn wireddu hynny ar gyfer myfyrwyr. O safbwynt cymhelliant, mae'n argymhelliad o fewn yr adroddiad. Rwy'n croesawu'r argymhelliad hwnnw. Rwy'n credu ei bod hi'n werth pwyso a mesur yr hyn y gallwn ni ei wneud i gymell myfyrwyr i aros yng Nghymru ac arfer eu gwaith, i gadw'r sgiliau hynny yng Nghymru, neu i ddod â'r sgiliau hynny yn ôl i Gymru. Nid yw'n gwbl ddidrafferth; amlinellir hynny yn yr adroddiad. Ond nid yw y tu hwnt i grebwyll y Llywodraeth hon, gan weithio gydag eraill, i ffurfio system sy'n gallu cyflawni'r nodau hynny. Rwyf wedi gwneud cynnig diffuant i lefarydd Plaid Cymru i weithio gyda nhw i ystyried pa gynllun y gallwn gytuno arno a fydd yn gwneud hynny. Ceir materion ymarferol i'w goresgyn. Ond, fel y dywedais, nid ydyw y tu hwnt i'n crebwyll ni i allu cytuno ar gynllun, a dyna beth yr wyf yn bwriadu ei wneud.