English: So, this report comprehensively examines how recovery should look across the committee's portfolio and, in the short term, we now would like to see and draw Members' attention to three key areas, and they are: one, continuing support for hard-hit sectors; two, using reconstruction funding to reinvigorate and retool our economy; and three, avoiding a scarred generation of young people. So, I'll talk to each of those points in turn. So, the effects of the pandemic have not been felt equally across the economy. We heard evidence from businesses that rely on people coming together, like tourism and hospitality or those who provide contact services, like hair and beauty, and they've been particularly affected. Many venues, like theatres, nightclubs and exhibition spaces, closed their doors a year ago and haven't been able to trade since. So, we hope for a summer of reunions with friends and family, many of which will take place in tourism and hospitality businesses. However, one good summer will not make up for the lost trade from last year. Tourism providers have described what has just passed as three consecutive winters. Similarly, I've had a do-it-yourself haircut. I haven't had a haircut since the middle of December. I can see Members looking up from their screens now checking my hair height. But the point is this: I won't be having an extra haircut when hairdressers reopen again. So, it's likely that the economy will be affected differently in different sectors. It's likely that Wales's manufacturing industries will also take some time to recover. For example, we heard evidence that the aerospace industry would take three or four years to recover to the 2019 levels. Now, the committee believes it is clear that businesses that felt effects the worst in the pandemic need a stronger and a longer recovery strategy than the rest of the economy. So, it's vital that the next Welsh Government sets out this strategy very early on and, as part of it, it must also make clear any additional funding it thinks it needs from the UK Government. Now, a dramatic drop in public transport usage has meant that companies involved in transport services have also been heavily affected. So, the next Welsh Government as well must set out a long-term plan for public transport recovery as well. Tuning to my next point with regard to using reconstruction funding to reinvigorate and retool our economy, the picture on the front of the report - I'm just holding it up here - is a daffodil. Now, that's not just because we launched our report on St David's Day, not at all, it's because we're looking for optimism and opportunity from the recovery. Just like flowers appearing after a winter or with the right nutrition, our economy can grow anew. So, the committee heard that at the end of the first lockdown, there was a real surge in entrepreneurial spirit and release, and a surge in start-ups. Now, if the Welsh Government can capture that energy, it can be used to tackle the relatively low start-up rates that we have in Wales now. We also heard about how a skills-led recovery could promote better productivity and tackle low skills traps, a key problem that I know the committee has reported on in the past. Alongside this, we heard evidence that investment in research and innovation would also improve Wales's productivity and its resilience. So, business representatives, unions, think tanks, academics and environmental organisations all told us, as Members, about the environmental and economic gains that could be made by investing in a greener economy. So, the next Welsh Government - certainly we, as a committee, believe - should prioritise accelerating shovel-ready green infrastructure projects to boost job creation, and the next programme for government must have skills at its heart, in the view of the committee. The Welsh Government must seize the opportunities set out in this report and use reconstruction to create a more innovative, resilient and future-proofed economy for Wales with a highly skilled workforce engaged in high productivity, resilient and environmentally friendly jobs. The last section, which I talked about at the beginning of my contribution, was youth unemployment. The committee was pleased that the Welsh Government has committed to ensuring that no-one is left behind by the recovery. Now, we know that people who were already disadvantaged in the job market feel the worst effects when the market shrinks. The report contains a section on recovery for all, which outlines the steps the Government must take to support an equal recovery to meet its pledge. Young people are a group who have been left behind in past economic emergencies and we heard from several experts who were extremely anxious about the spike in youth unemployment creating a scarred generation. Wales already has two cohorts of young people deeply affected by COVID-19 and there's no doubt that the pandemic and the economic emergency that this created will affect students leaving education and training for some time to come. Professor Keep likened youth unemployment to filling a bath - every year more young people and graduates come out of university and that bath keeps filling up if those people can't then find their way into the labour market and secure high-quality and fulfilling employment. If our young people can't find their way into the labour market, if they spend a long time unemployed or if they can't find the right path in the churn between employment, training and unemployment, their lives could potentially be scarred and their wings clipped for the rest of their careers. We know that this scarring will follow them, potentially, throughout their whole lives, reducing their earning potential and prosperity. So, tackling the beckoning prospect of a scarred generation of young people must be absolutely a priority for the next Welsh Government. Its success or failure with this objective will ripple beyond the first half of the twenty-first century. I very much look forward to Members' contributions to this debate this afternoon.
Welsh: Felly, mae'r adroddiad hwn yn archwilio'n gynhwysfawr sut y dylai adferiad edrych ar draws portffolio'r pwyllgor ac yn y tymor byr, hoffem dynnu sylw'r Aelodau at dri maes allweddol, sef: un, cymorth parhaus i sectorau sydd wedi'u taro'n galed; dau, defnyddio cyllid ailadeiladu i ailfywiogi ac ailarfogi ein heconomi; a thri, osgoi cenhedlaeth o bobl ifanc wedi'u creithio. Felly, byddaf yn siarad am bob un o'r pwyntiau hynny yn eu tro. Felly, nid yw effeithiau'r pandemig wedi cael eu teimlo'n gyfartal ar draws yr economi. Clywsom dystiolaeth gan fusnesau sy'n dibynnu ar bobl yn dod at ei gilydd, fel twristiaeth a lletygarwch neu'r rhai sy'n darparu gwasanaethau cysylltiadau agos, fel gwallt a harddwch, ac effeithiwyd yn arbennig arnynt hwy. Caeodd llawer o leoliadau, fel theatrau, clybiau nos ac arddangosfeydd, eu drysau flwyddyn yn ôl ac nid ydynt wedi gallu masnachu ers hynny. Felly, gobeithiwn am haf o aduniadau gyda ffrindiau a theulu, y bydd llawer ohonynt yn digwydd mewn busnesau twristiaeth a lletygarwch. Fodd bynnag, ni fydd un haf da yn gwneud iawn am y fasnach a gollwyd y llynedd. Mae darparwyr twristiaeth wedi disgrifio'r amser sydd wedi mynd heibio fel tri gaeaf olynol. Yn yr un modd, rwyf wedi torri fy ngwallt fy hun. Nid wyf wedi cael fy ngwallt wedi'i dorri ers canol mis Rhagfyr. Gallaf weld Aelodau'n edrych ar eu sgriniau yn awr i weld pa mor hir yw fy ngwallt. Ond y pwynt yw hyn: ni fyddaf yn cael fy ngwallt wedi'i dorri eto pan fydd siopau trin gwallt yn ailagor. Felly, mae'n debygol y bydd yr economi'n cael ei heffeithio'n wahanol mewn gwahanol sectorau. Mae'n debygol y bydd sefyllfa diwydiannau gweithgynhyrchu Cymru hefyd yn cymryd peth amser i ymadfer. Er enghraifft, clywsom dystiolaeth y byddai'r diwydiant awyrofod yn cymryd tair neu bedair blynedd i adfer i lefelau 2019. Nawr, mae'r pwyllgor yn credu ei bod yn glir fod busnesau a gafodd eu taro waethaf gan y pandemig angen strategaeth adfer gryfach a hwy na gweddill yr economi. Felly, mae'n hanfodol fod Llywodraeth nesaf Cymru yn nodi'r strategaeth hon yn gynnar iawn ac fel rhan ohoni, mae'n rhaid iddi hefyd nodi unrhyw gyllid ychwanegol y mae'n credu ei bod ei angen gan Lywodraeth y DU. Nawr, mae gostyngiad dramatig yn y defnydd o drafnidiaeth gyhoeddus wedi golygu bod cwmnïau sy'n ymwneud â gwasanaethau trafnidiaeth hefyd wedi cael eu heffeithio'n drwm. Felly, mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth nesaf Cymru nodi cynllun hirdymor ar gyfer adfer trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus hefyd. Mae fy mhwynt nesaf yn ymwneud â defnyddio cyllid ailadeiladu i ailfywiogi ac ailarfogi ein heconomi, ac ar flaen yr adroddiad - rwy'n ei godi yma - mae llun o gennin Pedr. Nawr, ni wnaethom hynny oherwydd ein bod wedi lansio ein hadroddiad ar Ddydd Gŵyl Dewi, ddim o gwbl, y rheswm pam y gwnaethom hynny yw oherwydd ein bod yn chwilio am optimistiaeth a chyfle o'r adferiad. Yn union fel blodau sy'n ymddangos ar ôl y gaeaf, neu gyda'r maeth cywir, gall ein heconomi dyfu o'r newydd. Felly, clywodd y pwyllgor fod ymchwydd go iawn wedi bod yn y teimlad o ryddhad ac ysbryd entrepreneuraidd ar ddiwedd y cyfyngiadau symud cyntaf, a chynnydd yn nifer y busnesau newydd. Nawr, os gall Llywodraeth Cymru ddal yr egni hwnnw, gellir ei ddefnyddio i fynd i'r afael â'r cyfraddau cymharol isel o fusnesau newydd sydd gennym yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd. Clywsom hefyd sut y gallai adferiad a arweinir gan sgiliau hybu gwell cynhyrchiant a mynd i'r afael â thrapiau sgiliau isel, problem allweddol y gwn fod y pwyllgor wedi sôn amdani yn y gorffennol. Ochr yn ochr â hyn, clywsom dystiolaeth y byddai buddsoddiad mewn ymchwil ac arloesedd hefyd yn gwella cynhyrchiant Cymru a'i chydnerthedd. Felly, mae cynrychiolwyr busnes, undebau, melinau trafod, academyddion a sefydliadau amgylcheddol i gyd wedi dweud wrthym, fel Aelodau, am yr enillion amgylcheddol ac economaidd y gellid eu gwneud drwy fuddsoddi mewn economi fwy gwyrdd. Felly, dylai Llywodraeth nesaf Cymru - rydym ninnau fel pwyllgor yn sicr yn credu - roi blaenoriaeth i gyflymu prosiectau seilwaith gwyrdd parod i'w hadeiladu er mwyn hybu creu swyddi, ac mae'n rhaid i sgiliau fod wrth wraidd y rhaglen lywodraethu nesaf, ym marn y pwyllgor. Mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru fachu ar y cyfleoedd a nodir yn yr adroddiad hwn a defnyddio ailadeiladu i greu economi fwy arloesol a gwydn sy'n ddiogel at y dyfodol i Gymru gyda gweithlu medrus iawn yn gwneud swyddi cynhyrchiant uchel, gwydn ac ecogyfeillgar. Yr adran olaf, y soniais amdani ar ddechrau fy nghyfraniad, oedd diweithdra ymhlith pobl ifanc. Roedd y pwyllgor yn falch bod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymrwymo i sicrhau nad oes neb yn cael ei adael ar ôl gan yr adferiad. Nawr, gwyddom mai pobl a oedd eisoes dan anfantais yn y farchnad swyddi sy'n teimlo'r effeithiau gwaethaf pan fydd y farchnad yn crebachu. Mae'r adroddiad yn cynnwys adran ar adferiad i bawb, sy'n amlinellu'r camau y mae'n rhaid i'r Llywodraeth eu cymryd i gefnogi adferiad cyfartal er mwyn cyflawni ei haddewid. Mae pobl ifanc yn grŵp sydd wedi'u gadael ar ôl mewn argyfyngau economaidd yn y gorffennol a chlywsom gan nifer o arbenigwyr a oedd yn bryderus iawn y bydd y cynnydd mewn diweithdra ymhlith pobl ifanc yn creu cenhedlaeth sydd wedi'i chreithio. Mae gan Gymru eisoes ddwy garfan o bobl ifanc y mae COVID-19 wedi effeithio'n fawr arnynt ac nid oes amheuaeth y bydd y pandemig a'r argyfwng economaidd a grëwyd ganddo'n effeithio ar fyfyrwyr sy'n gadael addysg a hyfforddiant am beth amser i ddod. Dywedodd yr Athro Keep fod diweithdra ymhlith pobl ifanc yn debyg i lenwi bath - bob blwyddyn mae mwy o bobl ifanc a graddedigion yn gadael y brifysgol ac mae'r bath yn dal i lenwi os na all y bobl hynny ddod o hyd i ffordd i mewn i'r farchnad lafur a sicrhau cyflogaeth foddhaus o ansawdd uchel. Os na all ein pobl ifanc ddod o hyd i ffordd i mewn i'r farchnad lafur, os ydynt yn treulio amser hir yn ddi-waith neu os na allant ddod o hyd i'r llwybr cywir yn y cylchdroi rhwng cyflogaeth, hyfforddiant a diweithdra, gallai eu bywydau gael eu creithio a'u huchelgais wedi'i gyfyngu am weddill eu gyrfaoedd. Gwyddom y bydd y creithiau hyn yn eu dilyn, o bosibl, drwy gydol eu hoes, gan leihau eu potensial ennill cyflog a'u ffyniant. Felly, mae'n rhaid sicrhau bod mynd i'r afael â'r bygythiad o genhedlaeth o bobl ifanc sydd wedi'u creithio yn flaenoriaeth i Lywodraeth nesaf Cymru. Bydd ei llwyddiant neu ei methiant gyda'r amcan hwn yn cael effaith y tu hwnt i hanner cyntaf yr unfed ganrif ar hugain. Edrychaf ymlaen yn fawr at gyfraniadau'r Aelodau i'r ddadl hon y prynhawn yma.