English: I think I agree with absolutely everything that everybody's said. I think, on this issue, it is important that we do have consensus because tackling air quality is a fantastically important subject. There is no such thing as safe levels of particulates and, frankly, some of the things that we're going to need to do will require us to tackle the holy motorist, and that will obviously be quite controversial with some people in our community. I think some of the issues that have just been raised by Gareth are very important, and whilst there is a role for parking for a BBC cameraperson who is carrying thousands of pounds worth of equipment - they have got to go by car - it is obviously not the case that those who are doing a desk job need to come into the city centre by car. That's something that needs to be reflected in the Cardiff development plan. I mainly wanted to concentrate on other aspects that are much less controversial but nevertheless extremely important. I represent the most urban and built-up constituency in Wales, I think, in Cardiff Central, and therefore making more green spaces is absolutely essential to improving the quality of air. Simon's already mentioned the importance of trees, and I would just like to highlight one fact, which is that one tree can remove 26 pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year, which is equal to 11,000 miles of car emissions. Two thousand five hundred square feet of turf releases enough oxygen for a family of four to breathe. These are really important figures, and it really should be concentrating our minds on the way that we approach our town planning, because all communities need to benefit from this. In terms of tackling climate change, if we have green spaces, it counters the warming effects of paved surfaces, recharges groundwater supplies, and protects lakes and streams from polluted run-off. It reduces soil erosion - a dense cover of plants and mulch holds the soil in place, keeps sediment out of storm drains and roads, and reduces flooding, mudslides and dust storms. These are fantastically important issues for all of us, whichever part of Wales we are in. A healthy sodded garden will absorb rainfall six times more effectively than a wheat field and four times better than a hay field. I think that these are really important issues, because water is the new gold; we cannot survive without it. Green spaces reduce stress and boost children's attention span. There's other research that has found tha, attention deficit disorder symptoms in children are relieved by contact with nature. Greenery in a child's everyday environment, even views of green through a window, reduces their ADD symptoms. As that is an increasing presentation amongst pupils, this is, potentially, a very important finding and something we should be thinking about in all our schools. So, what are the levers that Government can use to do more of this sort of thing? I was interested to recall the community grown food action plan, which was launched in 2010, I think by the Presiding Officer, to promote, support and encourage community-grown food in Wales, and to improve food security by increasing the availability of locally grown horticultural produce, connecting people to the food chain, increasing the number of people interested in growing food, and improving health and well-being in the process. I recall that lots of excellent LEADER projects were funded by the previous EU programme, which really transformed some of our most disadvantaged communities, but were never mainstreamed into other disadvantaged communities, which was really a lost opportunity. I recall that, sometimes, there are lengthy waiting lists for allotments, and, in any case, they're often inaccessible to people without a car. So, finding land for new growing projects is a challenge that I feel we all need to rise up to. I pay tribute to some of the organisations and communities in Cardiff that have helped overcome these difficulties and got more people growing their own. We've got the Federation of City Farms and Community Gardens, which has 49 community growing projects across our city. And the Riverside community allotment project, an integral part of which is the Community Market Association's activities, has a growing space just north of Cardiff, where people can learn how to grow food in a sociable and supportive atmosphere. Farm Cardiff is a community-led mapping process, which has identified over 400 public spaces for growing food and other plants. I recall that the Welsh Government funded the Cynefin project, which led to herb planters being put on Albany Road, which is the town centre for my constituency and probably the most urban environment anywhere, in that there is almost no green space immediately around. There's a strip of land called the Mackintosh community garden, also in Plasnewydd, which started very modestly and is now developing growing tunnels and helping to educate whole cohorts of school children whose school is a concrete jungle, about where food comes from. My office is working with schools in Llanedeyrn and Pentwyn, which, in contrast to Adamsdown and Plasnewydd, are well endowed with sizeable plots of land, but, to date, there's not much growing going on on them.
Welsh: Rwy'n credu fy mod i'n cytuno â phopeth y mae pawb wedi'i ddweud. Rwy'n credu, ar y mater hwn, ei bod yn bwysig bod gennym gonsensws oherwydd mae mynd i'r afael ag ansawdd yr aer yn bwnc aruthol o bwysig. Nid oes y fath beth â lefelau diogel o ronynnau ac, a dweud y gwir, bydd rhai o'r camau y bydd angen i ni eu cymryd yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i ni fynd i'r afael â'r modurwr hunangyfiawn, a bydd hynny yn amlwg yn eithaf dadleuol ymhlith rhai pobl yn ein cymuned. Rwy'n credu bod rhai o'r materion y mae Gareth newydd eu codi yn bwysig iawn, ac er bod cyfiawnhad i gael lle parcio ar gyfer gweithwyr camera y BBC sy'n cario gwerth miloedd o bunnoedd o offer - mae'n rhaid iddyn nhw deithio mewn car - mae'n amlwg nad yw'n wir bod angen i'r rhai sy'n gwneud gwaith desg ddod i ganol y ddinas mewn car. Mae hynny'n rhywbeth sydd angen ei adlewyrchu yng nghynllun datblygu Caerdydd. Roeddwn i'n dymuno canolbwyntio yn bennaf ar agweddau eraill sydd yn llawer llai dadleuol ond er hynny yn bwysig dros ben. Rwy'n cynrychioli'r etholaeth fwyaf trefol ac adeiledig yng Nghymru, rwy'n credu, yng Nghaerdydd Canolog, ac felly mae creu rhagor o fannau gwyrdd yn gwbl hanfodol i wella ansawdd yr aer. Mae Simon eisoes wedi crybwyll pwysigrwydd coed, a hoffwn innau dynnu sylw at un ffaith, sef y gall un goeden dynnu 26 pwys o garbon deuocsid o'r atmosffer bob blwyddyn, sy'n gyfwerth ag 11,000 o filltiroedd o allyriadau ceir. Mae dwy fil pum cant o droedfeddi sgwâr o laswellt yn rhyddhau digon o ocsigen i deulu o bedwar ei anadlu. Mae'r rhain yn ffigurau pwysig iawn, a dylai hyn ganolbwyntio ein meddyliau ar ein dull o gynllunio trefol, gan fod angen i bob cymuned elwa ar hyn. O ran mynd i'r afael â'r newid yn yr hinsawdd, os oes gennym fannau gwyrdd, mae'n atal yr effeithiau cynhesu yn sgil arwynebau palmentog, yn adlenwi cyflenwadau dŵr daear, ac yn diogelu llynnoedd a nentydd rhag llygredd dŵr ffo. Mae'n lleihau erydiad pridd - mae gorchudd trwchus o blanhigion a thomwellt yn dal y pridd yn ei le, yn cadw gwaddod i ffwrdd o ddraeniau storm a ffyrdd, ac yn lleihau llifogydd, llithriad tir a stormydd llwch. Mae'r rhain yn faterion hynod bwysig i ni i gyd, ni waeth pa ran o Gymru yr ydym yn byw ynddi. Bydd gardd dyweirch iach yn amsugno glawiad chwe gwaith yn fwy effeithiol na chae gwenith a phedair gwaith yn well na chae gwair. Rwy'n credu bod y rhain yn faterion pwysig iawn, oherwydd dŵr erbyn hyn yw'r aur newydd; ni allwn oroesi hebddo. Mae mannau gwyrdd yn lleihau straen ac yn rhoi hwb i rychwant sylw plant. Mae ymchwil arall sydd wedi darganfod bod symptomau anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio mewn plant yn cael eu lleddfu drwy gysylltiad â natur. Mae cael gwyrddni mewn amgylchedd bob dydd plentyn, hyd yn oed gweld gwyrddni drwy'r ffenestr, yn lleihau eu symptomau ADD. Gan fod hynny yn digwydd fwyfwy ymhlith disgyblion, mae hyn, o bosibl, yn ganfyddiad pwysig iawn ac yn rhywbeth y dylem ei ystyried yn ein holl ysgolion. Felly, beth yw'r ysgogiadau y gall y Llywodraeth eu defnyddio i wneud mwy o'r math hwn o beth? Roedd yn ddiddorol i mi gofio'r cynllun gweithredu ar gyfer bwyd a dyfir yn y gymuned, a lansiwyd yn 2010, rwy'n credu gan y Llywydd, i hyrwyddo, cefnogi ac annog tyfu bwyd yn y gymuned yng Nghymru, ac i wella diogelwch bwyd drwy gynyddu'r cynnyrch garddwriaethol sydd ar gael sydd wedi'i dyfu yn lleol, gan gysylltu pobl â'r gadwyn fwyd, cynyddu nifer y bobl sydd â diddordeb mewn tyfu bwyd, a gwella iechyd a lles yn y broses. Rwy'n cofio bod llawer o brosiectau LEADER ardderchog wedi eu hariannu gan y rhaglen UE flaenorol, a weddnewidiodd rai o'n cymunedau mwyaf difreintiedig yn wirioneddol, ond na chawsant erioed eu troi'n arfer prif ffrwd i gymunedau difreintiedig eraill, a oedd wir yn gyfle a gollwyd. Rwy'n cofio, bod rhestrau aros hir ar gyfer rhandiroedd, weithiau, ac maen nhw'n aml yn anhygyrch i bobl heb gar beth bynnag. Felly, mae dod o hyd i dir ar gyfer prosiectau tyfu newydd yn her y mae angen i ni ymdrin â hi, yn fy marn i. Talaf deyrnged i rai o'r sefydliadau a'r cymunedau yng Nghaerdydd sydd wedi helpu i oresgyn yr anawsterau hyn a chael rhagor o bobl i dyfu eu cynnyrch eu hunain. Mae gennym y Ffederasiwn Ffermydd Dinesig a Gerddi Cymunedol, sydd â 49 o brosiectau tyfu cymunedol ledled ein dinas. Ac mae gan y prosiect rhandir cymunedol Glanyrafon, sy'n cynnwys, yn rhan annatod ohono, weithgareddau'r Gymdeithas Marchnad Gymunedol, le cynyddol nepell i'r gogledd o Gaerdydd, lle gall pobl ddysgu sut i dyfu bwyd mewn awyrgylch cymdeithasol a chefnogol. Mae Farm Caerdydd yn broses fapio dan arweiniad y gymuned, sydd wedi nodi dros 400 o fannau cyhoeddus ar gyfer tyfu bwyd a phlanhigion eraill. Rwy'n cofio bod Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ariannu'r prosiect Cynefin, a arweiniodd at osod planwyr perlysiau ar Heol Albany, sef canol tref fy etholaeth i ac yn ôl pob tebyg yr amgylchedd mwyaf trefol mewn unrhyw fan, gan nad oes braidd dim mannau gwyrdd yn yr ardal gyfagos. Mae llain o dir a elwir yn ardd gymunedol Mackintosh, hefyd ym Mhlasnewydd, a ddechreuodd ar raddfa fach iawn ac sydd bellach yn datblygu twneli tyfu ac yn helpu i addysgu carfannau cyfan o blant ysgol o ysgolion sy'n jyngl concrid, am o ble mae bwyd yn dod. Mae fy swyddfa i yn gweithio gydag ysgolion yn Llanedeyrn a Phentwyn, sydd, yn wahanol i Adamsdown a Phlasnewydd, yn cynnwys llawer o leiniau sylweddol o dir, ond, hyd yn hyn, nid oes llawer o dyfu yn digwydd arnyn nhw.