English: I, too, would like to congratulate Helen Reeves-Graham for raising this issue, because without that, we would not have discussed it. And I'm very grateful to Diana Beljaars, who is an academic expert at Swansea University, who has done research on this subject, not least because a close family member of hers has Tourette's, so, obviously, that has prompted her interest in this. And from talking to her, I learnt a great deal about this. I always knew about the shouting out and swearing, but nothing about the other ways in which it presents itself just with tics. So, children can be told to stop moving, keep still in the classroom, and can then be singled out for behaviour that they actually can't do anything about, because they don't know why they do that. My understanding is it's a combination of genetic and environmental factors that cause Tourette's, so there's clearly a need for a lot more research. Is there a link, for example, with air pollution? There's so much we are beginning to understand about the impact of air pollution on different aspects of people's health. Clearly, it's important that we have patient-focused services. We've got to be listening to the people who are caring for these children, and taking seriously what they're reporting. Now, parenting doesn't come with instructions, so a first-time parent might not realise that there was anything out of the ordinary about the particular presentation of their child with Tourette's. But what Diana pointed out to me was that people are often told that most children don't need treatment, so it's sort of 'Go away' time. 'Yes, we've diagnosed you, you've got Tourette's, but you're not going to get anything off us', and that, clearly, has to stop. So, I think one of the most important things that we can all do something about is combat the discrimination that people with Tourette's can experience, both in the classroom and in the workplace, because people can lose their jobs as a result of the employer simply not understanding the unusual movements that somebody might be displaying are something that (a) they can't do anything about, but (b) that doesn't stop them being a perfectly brilliant whatever. And there are two really good examples I learnt about, which are really interesting, because I had assumed that if you've got Tourette's, you can't possibly be a surgeon. Not true. There's apparently a really famous neurosurgeon, Peter Hollenbeck, who functions in the United States, and who's won all sorts of awards, including the top teacher award in Purdue University from the College of Science, and several other accolades for his work on the nervous system. And the second person who is perhaps more accessible to most people is Tim Howard, who used to play as a goalie for Everton and Manchester United, and then went on to be one of the goalkeepers for Memphis 901 FC in the United States. He's widely considered to be one of the greatest goalkeepers in American footballing history. So, clearly, these are two people who are doing jobs where hand-eye co-ordination is absolutely crucial, and the reason why they are able to excel at their chosen profession is because, apparently, when you're concentrating on something - and, clearly, when you're in front of the goal, you're concentrating - you don't have Tourette's, whereas if you're asleep you can have the tics or whatever the presenting factors are of Tourette's. All of which I find really interesting, but also a really great way of saying that if your child has Tourette's, that does not mean to say they can't excel in the career of their choice.
Welsh: Hoffwn innau hefyd longyfarch Helen Reeves-Graham am godi'r mater hwn, oherwydd heb hynny, ni fyddem wedi'i drafod. Ac rwy'n ddiolchgar iawn i Diana Beljaars, arbenigwr academaidd ym Mhrifysgol Abertawe, sydd wedi gwneud ymchwil ar y pwnc hwn, yn rhannol oherwydd bod aelod agos o'i theulu yn dioddef o syndrom Tourette, felly, yn amlwg, mae hynny wedi ysgogi ei diddordeb yn hyn. Ac o siarad â hi, dysgais lawer iawn am hyn. Roeddwn bob amser yn gwybod am y gweiddi a'r rhegi, ond nid oeddwn yn gwybod unrhyw beth am y ffyrdd eraill y mae'n arddangos ei hun ar wahân i diciau. Felly, dywedir wrth blant am roi'r gorau i symud, i aros yn llonydd yn yr ystafell ddosbarth, ac yna cânt gerydd am ymddygiad na allant wneud unrhyw beth yn ei gylch, am nad ydynt yn gwybod pam eu bod yn ei wneud. Fy nealltwriaeth i yw bod syndrom Tourette yn cael ei achosi gan gyfuniad o ffactorau genetig ac amgylcheddol, felly mae'n amlwg fod angen llawer mwy o waith ymchwil. A oes cysylltiad, er enghraifft, â llygredd aer? Mae cymaint yr ydym yn dechrau ei ddeall am effaith llygredd aer ar wahanol agweddau ar iechyd pobl. Yn amlwg, mae'n bwysig fod gennym wasanaethau sy'n canolbwyntio ar y claf. Mae'n rhaid inni wrando ar y bobl sy'n gofalu am y plant hyn, a rhoi ystyriaeth ddifrifol i'r hyn y maent yn ei ddweud. Nawr, nid oes y fath beth a chyfarwyddiadau i rieni, felly efallai na fydd rhiant am y tro cyntaf yn sylweddoli bod unrhyw beth o'i le am symptomau penodol plentyn gyda syndrom Tourette. Ond yr hyn a nododd Diana wrthyf oedd bod pobl yn aml yn cael gwybod nad oes angen triniaeth ar y rhan fwyaf o blant, felly mae'n ymateb tebyg i droi cefn: 'Rydym wedi gwneud diagnosis, mae gennych syndrom Tourette, ond ni chewch unrhyw beth gennym ni', ac mae'n amlwg fod yn rhaid i hynny ddod i ben. Felly, rwy'n credu mai un o'r pethau pwysicaf y gallwn i gyd wneud rhywbeth yn ei gylch yw mynd i'r afael â'r gwahaniaethu y gall pobl â syndrom Tourette ei brofi, yn yr ystafell ddosbarth ac yn y gweithle, oherwydd gall pobl golli eu swyddi o ganlyniad i'r ffaith nad yw'r cyflogwr yn deall bod y symudiadau anarferol y gallai rhywun fod yn eu harddangos yn rhai na allant wneud unrhyw beth yn eu cylch, ond nad yw hynny'n eu hatal rhag bod yn wych yn eu swydd. Ac mae dwy enghraifft dda iawn y dysgais amdanynt, sy'n ddiddorol iawn, oherwydd roeddwn wedi tybio, os oes gennych syndrom Tourette, na allech fod yn llawfeddyg. Nid yw hynny'n wir. Mae'n debyg bod yna niwrolawfeddyg enwog iawn, Peter Hollenbeck, sy'n gweithio yn yr Unol Daleithiau, ac sydd wedi ennill pob math o wobrau, gan gynnwys y wobr athro gorau ym Mhrifysgol Purdue gan y Coleg Gwyddorau, a sawl gwobr arall am ei waith ar y system nerfol. A'r ail berson sydd efallai'n haws ei ddilyn i'r rhan fwyaf o bobl yw Tim Howard, a arferai fod yn gôl-geidwad i Glybiau Pêl-droed Everton a Manchester United, ac aeth ymlaen wedyn i fod yn un o gôl-geidwaid Clwb Pêl-droed Memphis 901 yn yr Unol Daleithiau. Mae'n cael ei ystyried yn eang fel un o'r gôl-geidwaid mwyaf yn hanes pêl-droed America. Felly, yn amlwg, dyma ddau unigolyn sy'n gwneud swyddi lle mae cydsymud llaw a llygaid yn gwbl hanfodol, a'r rheswm pam eu bod yn gallu rhagori yn eu proffesiwn dewisol, mae'n debyg, yw oherwydd, pan fyddwch yn canolbwyntio ar rywbeth - ac yn amlwg, pan fyddwch o flaen y gôl, rydych yn canolbwyntio - nid oes gennych syndrom Tourette, ond os ydych yn cysgu gallwch brofi ticiau neu beth bynnag yw'r symptomau o syndrom Tourette. Mae'r cyfan yn ddiddorol iawn i mi, ond mae hefyd yn ffordd wych iawn o ddweud, os oes gan eich plentyn syndrom Tourette, nad yw hynny'n golygu na allant ragori yn eu gyrfa ddewisol.