English: Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I'm very pleased to be able to contribute to this debate this afternoon. As one who's a father of children coming to an age where they do have an online presence and use social media, I can identify with some of the opening remarks made in this debate. Of course, I'm from a generation that didn't grow up with social media, and it's difficult for someone like me, I think, to identify with my children, who not only have the experience of learning about and understanding these social media, but do that while simultaneously facing all the pressures and challenges of growing up. So, it's no surprise that that can lead to a confusion of emotional experience, which can lead to outcomes that are very often less than favourable. We know from the work carried out by the NSPCC that some 20 per cent of children aged between eight and 11 have a profile on social media, and that increases to some 70 per cent for those aged between 12 and 15. A quarter of children have had an experience that has caused them concern on a social media site and a third have suffered online bullying. So, that gives us a flavour of how grave the situation is, and that, of course, is reflected in the figures that Childline regularly release, which demonstrate the increasing demand for their services. Under the new national curriculum - and we've heard reference to that already - digital competence will be one of the three cross-curricular responsibilities, and that is entirely appropriate and entirely necessary. It is something that we would all welcome, and it is crucial that that framework should empower children and young people to make safe use of the internet as a fundamental part of their education. Only today I was reading a report from the World Health Organization that demonstrated that young people in Wales were in the fourth position out of 42 nations around the world on use of social media and computers. Over three quarters of girls aged between 11 and 15, and almost 85 per cent of boys, were using a computer, tablet or phone for two hours or more on school nights for reasons other than gaming. Now, you don't need an expert - although they do endorse that message, of course - to tell us that that presents a grave health risk, in terms of mental health and, without a doubt, because of the threats of cyber bullying, but also the impacts on physical health, in terms of obesity, type 2 diabetes in the longer term, and so on. And recent survey from February last year for Safer Internet Day identified that a quarter of teenagers had suffered online hatred in the past year. Now, on social media, that's where young people were most likely to suffer that kind of abuse, and, in some cases, those would be seen as a hate crime, which again underlines the gravity of the situation. Over the past week, as we've just heard, cyber crime has been in the headlines with that cyber attack on the health service in England and Scotland, which had a major impact on services there. But we must, of course, take just as seriously crimes against individuals online, although those can be hidden, very often, whereas the attacks that we've seen on the health service are not. Just last year the ONS started to publish experimental figures on cyber crime, and those figures were far higher than anyone had expected, with 5.8 million crimes in England and Wales in the year up to July of last year. That is enough to almost double the crime rate here in Wales and England. Harassment crimes increased, including new crimes such as malicious correspondence online and misuse of social media and so on - an increase of 90 per cent, from 82,000 to 156,000. And therefore, the scale of the problem is becoming more and more apparent, and the scale of the response needed is also a crucial issue that needs to be increased. Girls suffered twice as many threats to kill or attack them physically than men. According to one study, there were 66 cases on social media, but only 10 per cent of the girls who had suffered abuse or harassment online reported that to police. Therefore, there is a very serious challenge facing us there, too. The fact that there is so much abuse happening on social media does require that young people are given the necessary education to empower them to protect themselves and their interests, and also highlights, as the Plaid Cymru amendments outline, the need for the UK Government to take action with relevant companies and others to tackle this, and to do so as soon as possible.
Welsh: Diolch, Dirprwy Lywydd. Rwy'n falch iawn i allu cyfrannu i'r ddadl yma'r prynhawn yma. Fel rhywun sy'n dad i blant sy'n dod i oed lle mae ganddyn nhw nawr bresenoldeb ar-lein ac ar wefannau cymdeithasol, rwy'n gallu uniaethu gyda rhai o'r sylwadau agoriadol a wnaethpwyd i'r ddadl yma. Wrth gwrs, rwyf i o genhedlaeth nad oedd wedi tyfu i fyny â gwefannau cymdeithasol yn bodoli. Mae'n anodd i rywun fel fi uniaethu, rwy'n meddwl, gyda fy mhlant i, sydd nid yn unig yn cael y profiad o ddarganfod, dysgu am, a deall y cyfryngau cymdeithasol yma, ond hefyd yn gorfod gwneud hynny ar yr un pryd â wynebu holl bwysau a heriau tyfu i fyny. Felly, wrth gwrs, nid oes rhyfedd bod hynny'n arwain at ryw gymysgwch o brofiadau emosiynol, sydd yn arwain at ganlyniadau, yn aml iawn, llai na hapus. Rydym yn gwybod, yn ôl y gwaith mae'r NSPCC wedi amlygu, fod rhyw 20 y cant o blant rhwng wyth ac 11 oed â phroffil ar gyfryngau cymdeithasol. Mae hynny'n codi i ryw 70 y cant i bobl ifanc 12 i 15 oed. Mae chwarter o blant wedi cael profiad sydd wedi peri gofid iddyn nhw ar safle rhyngweithio cymdeithasol a thraean wedi dioddef bwlio ar-lein. Felly, dyna flas, mewn gwirionedd, o ba mor ddifrifol yw'r sefyllfa, a hynny, wrth gwrs, sy'n cael ei adlewyrchu yn y ffigurau mae Childline yn eu rhyddhau yn gyson, sydd yn dangos y galw cynyddol sydd yna am eu gwasanaethau nhw. O dan y cwricwlwm cenedlaethol newydd - ac rydym wedi clywed cyfeiriad at hynny yn barod - mi fydd cymhwysedd digidol yn un o'r tri chyfrifoldeb traws-gwricwlwm. Mae hynny, wrth gwrs, yn gwbl addas ac yn gwbl angenrheidiol. Mae'n rhywbeth y byddem ni i gyd yn ei groesawu. Mae'n hanfodol bod y fframwaith hwnnw yn grymuso plant a phobl ifanc i allu gwneud defnydd diogel o'r rhyngrwyd fel rhan sylfaenol o'u haddysg nhw. Dim ond heddiw roeddwn yn darllen adroddiad gan Sefydliad Iechyd y Byd a oedd yn dangos bod pobl ifanc yng Nghymru yn y pedwerydd safle allan o 42 o wledydd o gwmpas y byd am y defnydd o gyfryngau cymdeithasol a chyfrifiadurol. Mae dros dri chwarter o ferched rhwng 11 a 15 oed, a bron 85 y cant o fechgyn, yn defnyddio cyfrifiadur, tabled neu ffôn am ddwy awr neu fwy ar nosweithiau ysgol ar gyfer rhesymau heblaw chwarae gemau. Nawr, nid oes angen arbenigwr i ddweud wrthym ni - er eu bod nhw wrth gwrs yn ategu'r neges - fod hynny'n cyflwyno perygl iechyd difrifol, o safbwynt iechyd meddwl a'n sicr oherwydd y peryglon seiber fwlio, ond hefyd y peryglon iechyd corfforol a'r risg cynyddol o ordewdra a chlefyd y siwgr math 2 yn y tymor hir, ac yn y blaen. Ac mi wnaeth arolwg o Chwefror y llynedd ar gyfer Safer Internet Day amlygu bod chwarter o bobl ifanc yn eu harddegau wedi dioddef casineb ar-lein yn y flwyddyn flaenorol. Nawr, ar gyfryngau cymdeithasol roedd pobl ifanc fwyaf tebygol o ddod ar draws y fath gamdriniaeth, ac mewn rhai achosion, mi fyddai'r achosion hynny'n cael eu cyfri fel trosedd casineb, sydd eto yn tanlinellu difrifoldeb y sefyllfa. Dros yr wythnos diwethaf, fel y clywsom ni gynnau, mae seiberdroseddu wedi bod ar frig y newyddion gyda'r ymosodiad seiber ar y gwasanaeth iechyd yn Lloegr ac yn yr Alban, wrth gwrs, sydd wedi cael cryn effaith ar wasanaethau yn fanna. Ond mae'n rhaid, wrth gwrs, inni gymryd yr un mor o ddifri troseddu yn erbyn unigolion ar-lein, er bod hynny'n fwy cudd yn aml iawn nag ymosodiad fel y gwelsom ni ar y gwasanaeth iechyd yn ddiweddar. Dim ond y flwyddyn ddiwethaf dechreuodd yr ONS gyhoeddi ffigurau arbrofol ar seiberdroseddu, ac roedd y ffigurau yn llawer iawn uwch nag yr oedd unrhyw un wedi ei ddisgwyl, gyda 5.8 miliwn o droseddau yng Nghymru a Lloegr yn y flwyddyn hyd at Orffennaf y llynedd. Mae hynny yn ddigon i bron iawn ddyblu'r gyfradd o droseddu yma yng Nghymru ac yn Lloegr. Mi gynyddodd troseddau 'harass-o', gan gynnwys troseddau newydd fel cyfathrebu maleisus ar-lein, camddefnyddio cyfryngau cymdeithasol ac yn y blaen, 90 y cant. Mi gynyddodd o 82,000 o achosion i 156,000. Felly, mae 'scale' y broblem nawr yn dod yn fwyfwy amlwg, ac felly mae 'scale' yr ymateb sydd ei angen yn wyneb hynny angen ei gynyddu hefyd. Roedd merched yn derbyn bron i ddwywaith yn fwy o fygythiadau i'w lladd neu i ymosod arnyn nhw'n rhywiol na dynion. Yn ôl un astudiaeth - 66 o achosion yn digwydd ar y cyfryngau cymdeithasol, ond dim ond 10 y cant o'r merched a oedd wedi dioddef o gam-drin neu 'harass-o' ar-lein wnaeth adrodd hynny i'r heddlu. Felly, mae yna her ddifrifol yn ein hwynebu ni yn fanna hefyd. Mae'r ffaith bod cymaint o gamdriniaeth yn digwydd ar y cyfryngau cymdeithasol yn mynnu bod pobl ifanc yn cael yr addysg angenrheidiol er mwyn eu pweru nhw i warchod eu hunain a'u buddiannau, a hefyd yn tanlinellu, fel y mae gwelliannau Plaid Cymru yn eu hamlinellu, yr angen i Lywodraeth y Deyrnas Gyfunol weithio gyda chwmnïau perthnasol ac eraill i fynd i'r afael â hyn, ac, wrth gwrs, gorau po gynted.