techiaith/cofnodycynulliad_en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: Diolch, Llywydd. As we move through one of the most challenging global pandemics for generations, it's easy to see why some people might overlook the arts. They may not play an obvious role in addressing the problems we're facing, but it's so important to recognise how the arts have been integral to the mental and physical well-being of people of all ages and abilities, as well as bringing people together. Nothing highlights this more than the outpouring of community expression seen at the start of the pandemic. As COVID minimised our ability to socialise, people simply found new ways in which to show their gratitude - painted pebbles left on the street, artworks displayed in window upon window, street singalongs, amongst others, to give thanks to our NHS, social care staff and key workers. All are expressions that use our creative skills, and we've seen art and music continue to inspire people in this - people designing and making face masks, for example, and the wonderful Prosecco and Purls knitting and crochet group, who have been busy throughout the pandemic creating a magic garden in Caerleon in support of St David's hospice foundation and also bringing a ray of hope and fun to the village.
Welsh: Diolch, Lywydd. Wrth i ni symud drwy un o'r pandemigau byd-eang mwyaf heriol ers cenedlaethau, mae'n hawdd gweld pam y gallai rhai pobl esgeuluso'r celfyddydau. Efallai na fyddant yn chwarae rhan amlwg wrth inni fynd i'r afael â'r problemau rydym yn eu hwynebu, ond mae mor bwysig cydnabod sut y mae'r celfyddydau wedi bod yn rhan annatod o les meddyliol a chorfforol pobl o bob oed a gallu, yn ogystal â dod â phobl at ei gilydd. Nid oes dim yn tynnu sylw at hyn yn fwy na'r llifeiriant o fynegiant cymunedol a welwyd ar ddechrau'r pandemig. Wrth i COVID leihau ein gallu i gymdeithasu, daeth pobl o hyd i ffyrdd newydd o ddangos eu diolchgarwch - cerrig mân wedi'u paentio a'u gadael ar y stryd, gwaith celf wedi'i arddangos mewn ffenestri dirifedi, canu yn y stryd, ymhlith pethau eraill, i ddiolch i'n GIG, ein staff gofal cymdeithasol a gweithwyr allweddol. Roedd y cyfan yn fynegiant sy'n defnyddio ein sgiliau creadigol, ac rydym wedi gweld celf a cherddoriaeth yn parhau i ysbrydoli pobl yn hyn - pobl yn dylunio ac yn gwneud mygydau wyneb, er enghraifft, a'r grŵp gwau a chrosio gwych, Prosecco and Purls, sydd wedi bod yn brysur drwy'r pandemig yn creu gardd hud yng Nghaerllion i gefnogi sefydliad hosbis Dewi Sant ac yn dod â fflach o obaith a hwyl i'r pentref.
English: Thank you, Chair. I just want to ask you whether - why so many people feel that the term 'rewilding' is so toxic.
Welsh: Diolch, Cadeirydd. Dwi jest eisiau holi os ydych chi - neu pam fod gymaint o bobl yn teimlo bod y term 'ailwylltio' mor toxic.
English: Yes, because I do think that, when you have a discussion about rewilding, the parameters of the discussion are very different to a discussion around environmentally friendly farming. People's attitudes at the outset of the discussion are very different, so I do think that there is a problem with the terminology and with the baggage that surrounds the term 'rewilding' in the minds of many people. But, of course, what perhaps has contributed to the problem that some people have with the agenda of rewilding is the perception, of course, that what we have is wealthy people from outside deciding that they want to make a positive contribution to biodiversity and wildlife recovery, but doing that in a way that, to an extent, is seen as oppression of rural communities by bringing their aspiration and their major investment - a company that's registered in London investing lots of money - in order to realise that. And, of course, you did emphasise in your presentation the importance of local consultation and working from the bottom up, but the perception is that this is something that is top down and isn't perhaps rooted in the communities that are most affected. So, what is happening to try and tackle that perception of what rewilding represents?
Welsh: Ie, achos dwi'n meddwl, pan ydych chi'n cael trafodaeth am ailwylltio, mae parameters y drafodaeth yna'n wahanol iawn i drafodaeth o gwmpas ffermio amgylcheddol gyfeillgar. Mae holl agwedd pobl ar gychwyn y drafodaeth yn wahanol, ac wedyn dwi'n meddwl bod yna broblem gyda'r derminoleg a gyda'r baggage efallai sydd o gwmpas y term 'ailwylltio' yn meddwl nifer o bobl. Ond, wrth gwrs, beth sydd hefyd efallai wedi cyfrannu at y broblem sydd gan rhai pobl gyda'r agenda ailwylltio yw'r canfyddiad yma, wrth gwrs, mai beth sydd gennym ni yw pobl gyfoethog o ffwrdd yn penderfynu eu bod nhw eisiau, wrth gwrs, gwneud cyfraniad positif tuag at fioamrywiaeth ac adfer bywyd gwyllt, ond yn gwneud hynny mewn ffordd sydd, i raddau, yn cael ei weld fel gormesu cymunedau gwledig drwy ddod â'u dymuniad a'u buddsoddiad mawr - rhyw gwmni wedi ei gofrestru yn Llundain yn buddsoddi pres mawr - er mwyn gwireddu hynny. Ac, wrth gwrs, mi wnaethoch chi bwysleisio yn eich cyflwyniad bwysigrwydd ymgynghori lleol a gweithio o'r gwaelod i fyny, ond y canfyddiad, yn sicr, yw mai rhywbeth top i lawr yw hwn ac nad yw e efallai wedi ei wreiddio yn rhai o'r cymunedau sy'n cael eu heffeithio fwyaf ganddo fe. Felly, beth sy'n digwydd i drio mynd i'r afael â'r agwedd neu'r canfyddiad yna o beth mae ailwylltio yn ei gynrychioli?
English: I have nothing to add, really, to what's been said already, but certainly the word can be problematic. But, certainly, it has inspired a great number of people, so I think there is some way to go to understand where that excitement has come from, and how we can create that excitement in ways that already exist in the conservation and farming world.
Welsh: Does gen i ddim byd yn ychwanegol i beth sydd wedi cael ei ddweud yn barod, ond yn sicr mae'r gair yn gallu bod yn reit problematig. Ond, yn sicr, mae e wedi ysbrydoli nifer fawr iawn o bobl, felly dwi'n meddwl bod ffordd i fynd i ddeall o le mae'r cyffro yna wedi dod a sut ydyn ni'n gallu creu'r cyffro yna mewn ffyrdd sydd yn bodoli'n barod yn y byd cadwraeth a ffermio.
English: Thank you, Chair. I just want to ask about the scale of the approach to rewilding. Evidently, one feels that the bigger the piece of land or water you have, the bigger the impact you can have, but of course, the geographical nature of Wales means that we have a patchwork of different owners and so forth - perhaps not on the scale that we'd see in places like Scotland and so forth. I just want to understand, really, how much of this agenda could be delivered by sharing the use of land and the sea with things such as agriculture, because evidently the canvas isn't a blank one, and it's not as big as perhaps some people would hope, and I think that a lot of the conflict emanates from that. So, I just want to hear more about how we can make the scale of the approach work in a place like Wales.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Cadeirydd. Dwi jest eisiau holi ychydig ynglŷn â sgêl yr approach i ailwylltio. Yn amlwg, mae rhywun yn tybio po fwyaf ydy'r darn o dir neu ddarn o fôr sydd gennych chi, po fwyaf o impact y gallwch chi ei gael, ond wrth gwrs mae natur ddaearyddol Cymru yn golygu bod gennym ni frodwaith o berchnogion gwahanol ac yn blaen - efallai ddim ar y sgêl y bydden ni'n ei weld mewn llefydd fel yr Alban neu'n rhywle arall. A dwi jest eisiau deall faint o'r agenda yma y mae modd ei gyflawni trwy rannu'r defnydd o dir neu fôr gyda phethau fel amaethyddiaeth, achos yn amlwg dyw'r cynfas ddim yn un blanc, a dyw e ddim mor fawr, efallai, ag y byddai rhai pobl yn gobeithio, a dwi'n meddwl bod tipyn o'r gwrthdaro yn dod o hynny. So, dwi jest eisiau clywed mwy ynglŷn â sut mae modd gwneud i sgêl yr approach weithio mewn gwlad fel Cymru.
English: I agree with Clive. We can't look at conservation land and farming land as two different things. They're the same thing and collaboration across different land use is very important. I agree with what Hilary said about linking up the good things that are happening. There are a number of different examples of that happening already in Wales, and it's worth celebrating those and the collaboration that's already happening.
Welsh: Dwi'n cytuno efo Clive. Dydyn ni ddim yn gallu sbio ar dir cadwriaethol a thir ffermio fel dau beth gwahanol. Maen nhw yr un peth ac mae cydweithio ar draws gwahanol ddefnydd o dir yn hynod o bwysig. Dwi'n cytuno efo beth oedd Hilary yn ei ddweud amboutu cysylltu pethau da sy'n digwydd. Mae yna nifer fawr o wahanol enghreifftiau o hynny yn digwydd yn barod yng Nghymru ac mae'n werth dathlu'r rheini a'r cydweithio sydd yn digwydd yn barod.
English: Yes, just to build on what Arfon said there and to inform the panel, and I said this in the paper as well, that there is an independent evaluation that happened over the summer, and the project was eager to investigate what went well and what didn't go so well, on the management side, on the governance and looking in partnership, and that is coming out in the next few weeks. I think that something that's very important is local communication. For me, the best discussions that you'll ever have happen over a cup of tea with some bara brith or in a pub at the end of the day, or, when I lived on Bardsey island, waiting in the cabin for the boat to come in. That's when the best discussions happen, with people on the ground or at sea, working. It's difficult currently, of course, with COVID and its restrictions, but it is possible, still, for us to have these discussions, and we've been quite fortunate in the number of people who have still taken part in the process of co-design that's happening at present with this project locally in mid Wales.
Welsh: Ie, jest i adeiladu ar beth mae Arfon yn dweud, ac i roi gwybod i'r panel - dwi wedi dweud hwnna yn y papur ymlaen llaw hefyd fod yna werthusiad annibynnol wedi digwydd dros yr haf yma, ac roedd y project yn reit awyddus i ymchwilio mewn i beth aeth yn iawn a beth oedd ddim wedi gweithio mor dda ar yr ochr reoli, governance a gweithio mewn partneriaeth. Mae hynny yn dod allan o fewn yr wythnosau nesaf. Dwi'n meddwl mai rhywbeth sydd yn reit bwysig yw cyfathrebu lleol. I fi, y trafodaethau gorau rydych chi'n eu cael fyth ydy'r rhai dros baned, efo bara brith, neu yn y dafarn ar ddiwedd y dydd, neu, pan oeddwn i'n byw ar Enlli, wrth aros i'r cwch ddod mewn yn y caban. Dyna pryd mae'r trafodaethau gwir, go iawn yn digwydd, gyda phobl ar y tir, neu wrth y llyw ar y môr, yn gweithio. Ac mae'n reit anodd ar hyn o bryd gyda COVID a'r rhwystrau yna, ond mae e dal yn bosib inni gynnal trafodaeth a dŷn ni wedi bod yn reit ffodus efo niferoedd y bobl sydd yn dal wedi cymryd rhan yn y broses o gyd-ddylunio sydd yn digwydd ar hyn o bryd gyda'r project yma yn lleol yng nghanolbarth Cymru.
English: Just to build on that, there are a great number of people, particularly in this area of mid Wales, where their income is reliant on natural resources, and those are farmers, but, more broadly, they are fisher people and people who run mountain biking businesses or surfing or paddle boarding businesses. There are a lot of people in this area who are dependent on natural resources, let alone the supply chain within the agriculture sector, and how far that goes into the community. And that's something that Language of the Land has been looking at: the importance of the Welsh language within the agricultural sector, and how we, outside that sector, can expand on that. But coming back to your question, Janet, within the Summit to Sea project - . Of course, at present, we're right at the outset of the co-design, so in terms of what we're going to monitor and evaluate, we don't know yet because we haven't designed it. But, as part of the funding that we have at present, one of the objectives is to develop monitoring and evaluation on a cross-sectoral basis in terms of whichever plan emanates from this process. So, it's very important that we can show how we see this project - not a rewilding project, but we don't know what the project will look like - aside from the main purpose, which is to make this area of Wales better for wildlife and for people, and for the local economy through that.
Welsh: Jest i adeiladu ar hynny, mae yna nifer fawr iawn o bobl, yn enwedig yn yr ardal yma o ganolbarth Cymru, lle mae eu hincwm nhw'n ddibynnol ar yr adnoddau naturiol, ac mae'r rhain yn ffermwyr, ond hefyd, yn lot fwy eang, yn cynnwys pysgotwyr, pobl sy'n rhedeg llefydd beiciau mynydd neu sesiynau syrffio neu badl-fyrddio. Mae lot fawr o bobl o fewn yr ardal yma'n ddibynnol ar yr adnoddau naturiol, heb sôn, wedyn, am y supply chain hyd yn oed o fewn y byd amaeth, a pha mor bell mae hynny'n mynd allan i mewn i'r gymuned. Ac mae hwnna'n rhywbeth y mae Iaith y Pridd wedi bod yn sbio ar: pwysigrwydd y Gymraeg o fewn y byd amaeth, a sut y gallwn ni, y tu allan i'r byd amaeth, ehangu ar hynny. Ond i ddod yn ôl i'ch cwestiwn chi, Janet, o fewn prosiect O'r Mynydd i'r Môr - . Wrth gwrs, ar hyn o bryd, dŷn ni reit ar gychwyn y broses o gyd-ddylunio, felly o ran beth rydyn ni'n mynd i fonitro a gwerthuso, dŷn ni ddim yn gwybod eto achos dŷn ni ddim wedi'i ddylunio fo. Ond, fel rhan o'r cyllid sydd efo ni ar hyn o bryd, un o'n hamcanion ni yw i ddatblygu monitro a gwerthuso traws-sectoraidd i fewn i beth bynnag bydd y cynllun fydd yn dod allan o'r broses yma. Felly, mae'n reit bwysig ein bod ni'n gallu dangos sut dŷn ni'n gweld prosiect fel hyn - eto, nid prosiect ailwylltio, ond dŷn ni ddim yn gwybod beth fydd y prosiect yn edrych fel, heblaw am y prif bwrpas, sef i wneud yr ardal yma o Gymru'n well fyth i fywyd gwyllt ac i bobl, ac i'r economi lleol drwy hynny.
English: Thank you, Chair. I just wanted to say that it's an exciting time for the Summit to Sea project. There's a lot of work to be done, and we have started that work. The workshop has started online. More than 100 people have filled our questionnaire online. We've had one-on-one meetings with more than 100 people since June, and at the end of the month, on 30 November, we will be undertaking a link group with local stakeholders with an interest in the project. So, we are moving quite quickly through creating local partnerships. We're very excited about this opportunity to co-design with people. I'm also looking for more designers, as it were, who live in the area, who can organise workshops with friends, family or with their community groups, to have an input into this process. We're very open to that and I'm very eager that anyone with an interest in the area or beyond in Wales, who wants to be part of this and part of creating a vision that is exciting for nature and people in mid Wales, to visit our website to find out more information about that. Thank you very much for the opportunity to talk to you today.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Gadeirydd. Ie, dwi jest eisiau dweud ei fod e'n amser reit gyffrous i'r prosiect O'r Mynydd i'r Môr. Mae yna lot fawr o waith i'w wneud, a dŷn ni wedi cychwyn ar y gwaith yna. Mae'r gweithdy wedi cychwyn ar-lein. Mae dros 100 o bobl wedi cwblhau ein holiadur ni ar-lein. Dŷn ni wedi cael cyfarfodydd un-i-un efo dros 100 o bobl ers mis Mehefin, ac ar ddiwedd y mis ar y dydd Llun nesaf, 30 Tachwedd, dŷn ni'n cynnal cyfarfod cyswllt efo grŵp cyswllt o stakeholders lleol sydd â diddordeb yn y prosiect. Felly, dŷn ni'n symud yn reit sydyn drwy greu partneriaeth leol. Dŷn ni'n gyffrous am y cyfle yma i gyd-ddylunio gyda phobl. Dwi hefyd yn chwilio am fwy o ddylunwyr, fel y mae, sy'n byw yn yr ardal, i drefnu gweithdai gyda'u ffrindiau, teuluoedd neu grwpiau cymunedol, i fewnbynnu i'r broses yma. Dŷn ni'n hollol agored a dwi'n awyddus iawn i unrhyw un sydd â diddordeb yn yr ardal, neu'n bellach, tu hwnt, ar draws Cymru, sydd eisiau bod yn rhan o hyn a rhan o greu gweledigaeth gyffrous i natur a phobl yng nghanolbarth Cymru, i fynd i'n gwefan i ffeindio mwy o wybodaeth. Diolch am y cyfle i siarad â chi heddiw.
English: Yes, sorry, just one very quick thing. I wanted to raise awareness and congratulate the team behind the Wales Real Food and Farming conference that's been happening this week. They've had a very broad-ranging discussion and a very diverse discussion, which has been very successful in stepping closer towards a future of collaboration.
Welsh: Ie, sori, jest un peth sydyn iawn. Roeddwn i eisiau codi ymwybyddiaeth a llongyfarch y tîm y tu ôl i'r gynhadledd Gwir Fwyd a Ffermio Cymru, sydd wedi bod yn digwydd drwy'r wythnos yma. Maen nhw wedi cynnal trafodaeth hynod o eang, hynod o amrywiol, sydd wedi bod yn llwyddiannus iawn yn camu'n agosach at ddyfodol o gydweithio efo'n gilydd.
English: Sorry, I was waiting for the prompt to unmute myself. I just wanted to ask, evidently COPA has come from a local response to the Summit to Sea work, and I just wanted to ask you what are some of the lessons that have been learned from the Summit to Sea project so far.
Welsh: Dyna ni. Sori, roeddwn i'n aros am y prompt i'm dad-fudo fi. Jest eisiau gofyn ydw i, yn amlwg mae COPA wedi dod i bob pwrpas o ymateb lleol i'r gwaith O'r Mynydd i'r Môr, a dwi jest eisiau holi beth ŷch chi'n teimlo yw rhai o'r gwersi sydd wedi cael eu dysgu o'r project O'r Mynydd i'r Môr hyd yma.
English: Evidently, there are a number of lessons. The first obvious lesson is how not to do something, in that sense. That is, you don't go into an area and preach to people about what they should do. If you want any scheme to succeed, it has to be embedded in the local community and you have to have local ownership. A project of whatever kind has to grow from the community, and it's much more likely to succeed if that happens. But if you have a situation where you have an impression, rightly or wrongly, of wealthy people and international companies from the south of England and beyond coming in to tell farmers in rural Wales what they're allowed to do, well, you're going to have a negative response. I think that's the first lesson from me: ensure local ownership.
Welsh: Wel, yn amlwg, mae yna nifer o wersi. Y wers amlwg gyntaf ydy sut i beidio â gwneud rhywbeth, yn hynny o beth. Hynny yw, dŷch chi ddim yn mynd i mewn i ardal ac yn pregethu wrth bobl beth ddylen nhw ei wneud. Os dŷch chi eisiau i unrhyw gynllun lwyddo, mae'n rhaid iddo gael ei wreiddio yn y gymuned leol. Mae'n rhaid ichi gael perchnogaeth leol, mae'n rhaid i broject o ba bynnag fath dyfu o'r gymuned ac mae'n llawer iawn mwy tebygol o lwyddo wedyn. Ond os dŷch chi'n cael sefyllfa sydd yn creu'r argraff yn gam neu'n gymwys o bobl gefnog a chyfoethog a chwmnïau rhyngwladol o dde Lloegr a thu hwnt yn dod i mewn i ddweud wrth ffermwyr cefn gwlad Cymru beth maen nhw'n cael ei wneud, wel, dŷch chi'n mynd i gael ymateb negyddol, mae'n ddrwg gennyf i. Dyna ydy'r wers a'r gri gennyf i: sicrhewch berchnogaeth leol.
English: Can I come in on that as well? I think that Councillor Vaughan is perfectly right in terms of local ownership. I think it's also a very important lesson in terms of how damaging the rewilding narrative is, because, unfortunately, it means a whole host of needs and different viewpoints are putting pressure on any landscape where that narrative is given. Unfortunately, organisations such as Rewilding Britain are making that worse, not better. I think that one of the big lessons we've seen locally is that the departure of Rewilding Britain and the departure of that damaging narrative has enabled much richer, much more intelligent conversations, to evolve, which has allowed us to move forward to a place where the discussion is much more mature than the one that was started. The lesson on that basis was that there was enough information and ability locally for us to be able to set our own objectives, and unfortunately, when the project was formed, they brought in a misunderstanding about the quality and nature of the local landscape, but they also brought in a lack of any detailed understanding of the local situation, so that's where the conflict was. Local people had more information than a lot of the core partners of the project had, particularly Rewilding Britain.
Welsh: Oes modd i fi ddod i mewn ar hwnna hefyd? Lyfli. Dwi'n credu bod y Cynghorydd Vaughan yn berffaith gywir o safbwynt perchnogaeth leol. Dwi'n credu ei fod hi hefyd yn wers bwysig iawn o safbwynt pa mor niweidiol yw'r naratif ailwylltio, oherwydd yn anffodus mae e'n golygu bod yna lu o anghenion a barn gwahanol yn dod i bwyso ar unrhyw dirwedd lle mae'r naratif yna'n cael ei roi. Mae mudiadau, yn anffodus, fel Rewilding Britain yn gwneud hynny'n waeth, ddim yn well. Dwi'n credu un o'r gwersi mawr ŷn ni wedi gweld yn lleol yw bod ymadawiad Rewilding Britain ac ymadawiad y naratif niweidiol yna wedi galluogi trafodaethau llawer mwy cyfoethog, llawer mwy deallus, i esblygu, sydd wedyn wedi ein galluogi ni i symud ymlaen i fan lle mae'r drafodaeth yn llawer mwy aeddfed na'r un a gafodd ei chychwyn. Y wers ar sail hynny oedd bod yna ddigon o wybodaeth a gallu yn lleol yn barod i ni fedru pennu ein hamcanion ein hunain, ac yn anffodus, pan ffurfiwyd y project neilltuol yna, daethpwyd mewn â chamddealltwriaeth am safon a natur y dirwedd yn lleol, ond hefyd daethpwyd mewn â diffyg unrhyw ddealltwriaeth fanwl a oedd yn berthnasol yn lleol, a dyna le oedd y gwrthdaro. Roedd y bobl leol efo mwy o wybodaeth nag oedd llawer o bartneriaid craidd y project, yn enwedig Rewilding Britain.
English: Yes, and that's very interesting. But to what extent have different perceptions that people have in terms of 'rewilding' led to this situation?
Welsh: Ie, mae hynny'n ddiddorol iawn. Ond i ba raddau hefyd mae gwahanol ganfyddiad pobl o beth mae 'ailwylltio' yn ei feddwl wedi arwain at rai o'r problemau yma?
English: Well, there's no definition, so every perception is correct, and that's the problem. It's a bit like 'Brexit means Brexit', isn't it? That's the problem. It means that every perception, however wild it is, or however sensible it is, is just as applicable, and that's why it's such a problem.
Welsh: Wel, does dim diffiniad, felly mae pob canfyddiad yn gywir, a dyna'r broblem. Mae e braidd fel 'Brexit means Brexit', onid yw e? Dyna yw'r drafferth. Mae e'n golygu bod pob canfyddiad, pa bynnag mor wyllt yw e, neu ba bynnag mor synhwyrol yw e, yr un mor gymwys, a dyna pam mae wedi bod mor broblematig.
English: Yes, if I could come in, the evident lesson is, 'Don't touch the term "rewilding"', because as soon as you use that term, every hare is set running and it's sure to undermine any project, however good the objectives of the project are.
Welsh: Ie, os caf i ddweud, y wers amlwg ydy, 'Peidiwch â chyffwrdd â'r term "ailwylltio"', achos cyn gynted ag yr ydych chi'n defnyddio'r term hwnnw, mae pob sgwarnog dan haul yn codi ac mae'n siŵr o danseilio unrhyw broject, pa bynnag mor dda ydy amcan y project hwnnw.
English: Thank you. So, just to summarise these references to Summit to Sea, could you talk about the level of engagement there's been? Because I know there's been a change of emphasis, there's been some reaching out, but could you just summarise how that relationship lies in terms of a practical level?
Welsh: Diolch. So, jest i grynhoi'r cyfeiriadau penodol yma at O'r Mynydd i'r Môr, allwch chi sôn, efallai, nawr am y lefel o gysylltiad sydd yna? Achos dwi'n gwybod bod yna newid wedi bod mewn pwyslais, mae yna estyn allan wedi digwydd, ac efallai gallwch chi jest grynhoi ychydig lle mae'r berthynas yna arni ar lefel ymarferol erbyn hyn.