English: I've campaigned for many years to increase the use of 20 mph zones in Wales. I first looked at this in 2011, and at that time there were 237 serious pedestrian casualties in Wales, and sadly that included 82 children losing their lives or being very seriously injured, and I think it's those stats that we have to keep in our minds when we're talking about this. At that time, I focused my report onto Ceredigion council to see if they could introduce more 20 mph zones in built-up areas to protect their children. At that time, six schools in Ceredigion were in a 20 mph limit zone, but there were 40 with a 30 mph limit and six schools with a 40 mph limit, and there were five that had the national speed limit right outside their door. So, I think there is a real need and a real focus, and I agree with John Griffiths, this is piece of legislation that stands on its own in terms of road safety, but I do recognise all the other advantages that everybody has built into that. So, the numbers speak for themselves. Between 2017 and 2019, 127 people were killed in car accidents, but 1,759 people were injured and 453 were seriously injured. That is a significantly high number. So we get down to does speed make a difference? Well, it does, because if you're hit by a car travelling at 20 mph, you'll have a 95 per cent chance of survival. If the car is travelling at 30 mph, you'll have 80 per cent. You'll only have a 50 per cent chance of survival if you're hit by a car going at 35 mph, and if you're hit by a car going at 40 mph, you've got a 10 per cent chance of surviving. So I think it's very clear from those statistics that your chances of surviving an impact by being hit by a car greatly increase as you reduce the speed of that car, and you don't have to reduce it by significant amounts, as that demonstrated. Part of the reason, of course, is that the faster the vehicle is travelling, the longer the distance it will need to stop. So, I'll give another example: on perfectly dry roads and in perfectly good conditions, a car or a vehicle travelling at 30 mph will need a stopping distance of 23 meters or six car lengths. At 20 mph, that will go down to half. So, speed, again, is a factor in giving both the driver and also the pedestrian an opportunity to not end up with a serious collision resulting in injury or fatality. But I agree that it isn't speed limits alone that will solve these problems. There will be a need for adequate enforcement measures, and we will have to come to agreement on who and how those enforcements are implemented. But the Welsh Government has, over the years, given local authorities in Wales the power to vary speed limits. It is cumbersome, as is outlined here, but we have seen authorities move ahead, like Cardiff and Swansea, for example, when the political drive has been there. We've also seen Welsh Government give money to local authorities to improve the safety outside the roads. Yet, last year, with the newly built school in Haverfordwest, Ysgol Caer Elen, I joined parents to campaign to reduce the 30 mph speed limit to a 20 mph speed limit. So, my ask here of you, Minister, is that, when we're building new schools, built into their design is a 20 mph speed zone outside that school. It seems incredible to me that any local authority that has already implemented 20 mph speed limits outside some schools then builds a new school with a 30 mph speed limit outside it - and there's already been an accident and thankfully nobody was hurt. I obviously support what you're doing. I'm really pleased to see that it's back on the agenda, that it is being discussed, and I know without any doubt at all, from everything that I have just said, that it has the potential to save lives.
Welsh: Rwyf i wedi ymgyrchu ers blynyddoedd lawer o blaid defnyddio mwy o barthau 20mya yng Nghymru. Edrychais yn gyntaf ar hyn yn 2011, ac ar yr adeg honno yr oedd 237 o ddamweiniau difrifol yn cynnwys cerddwyr yng Nghymru, ac yn anffodus roedd hynny'n cynnwys 82 o blant yn colli eu bywydau neu'n cael eu hanafu'n ddifrifol iawn, ac rwy'n credu bod yn rhaid i ni gadw'r ystadegau hynny mewn cof wrth siarad am hyn. Ar y pryd, fe wnes i ganolbwyntio fy adroddiad ar Gyngor Ceredigion i weld a all gyflwyno mwy o barthau 20mya mewn ardaloedd adeiledig i amddiffyn eu plant. Bryd hynny, roedd chwe ysgol yng Ngheredigion mewn parth terfyn 20mya, ond roedd 40 â therfyn 30mya a chwe ysgol â therfyn 40mya, ac roedd pump a oedd â'r terfyn cyflymder cenedlaethol yn union y tu allan i'w drws. Felly, rwy'n credu bod angen gwirioneddol a phwyslais gwirioneddol, ac rwy'n cytuno â John Griffiths, bod hwn yn ddarn o ddeddfwriaeth sy'n sefyll ar ei ben ei hun o ran diogelwch ar y ffyrdd, ond rwyf i yn cydnabod yr holl fanteision eraill y mae pawb wedi eu cynnwys yn hynny. Felly, mae'r rhifau'n siarad drostyn nhw eu hunain. Rhwng 2017 a 2019, cafodd 127 o bobl eu lladd mewn damweiniau ceir, ond cafodd 1,759 o bobl eu hanafu a chafodd 453 eu hanafu'n ddifrifol. Mae hynny'n nifer sylweddol uchel. Felly y cwestiwn sylfaenol yw a yw cyflymder yn gwneud gwahaniaeth? Wel, ydy mae, oherwydd os cewch chi eich taro gan gar sy'n teithio 20mya, bydd gennych chi 95 y cant o siawns o oroesi. Os yw'r car yn teithio 30mya, bydd gennych chi 80 y cant. Dim ond 50 y cant yw'r siawns y byddwch chi'n goroesi os cewch chi eich taro gan gar sy'n teithio 35mya, ac os cewch chi eich taro gan gar sy'n teithio 40mya, mae gennych siawns 10 y cant o oroesi. Felly, rwy'n credu ei bod yn glir iawn o'r ystadegau hynny bod eich siawns o oroesi ardrawiad o gael eich taro gan gar yn cynyddu'n fawr wrth i chi leihau cyflymder y car hwnnw, ac nid oes yn rhaid i chi ei leihau yn sylweddol, fel y dangosodd hynny. Rhan o'r rheswm, wrth gwrs, yw po gyflymaf y mae'r cerbyd yn teithio, yr hiraf y bydd y pellter y bydd ei angen arno i stopio. Felly, fe wnaf i roi enghraifft arall: ar ffyrdd sy'n gwbl sych ac o dan amodau perffaith, bydd angen pellter stopio o 23 metr neu chwe hyd car ar gar neu gerbyd sy'n teithio ar 30mya. Ar 20mya, bydd hynny'n gostwng i hanner. Felly, mae cyflymder, unwaith eto, yn ffactor sy'n rhoi cyfle i'r gyrrwr a hefyd i'r cerddwr beidio â chael gwrthdrawiad difrifol sy'n arwain at anaf neu farwolaeth. Ond rwy'n cytuno na wnaiff terfynau cyflymder yn unig ddatrys y problemau hyn. Bydd angen mesurau gorfodi digonol, a bydd yn rhaid i ni ddod i gytundeb ynghylch pwy a sut y caiff y mesurau gorfodi hynny eu rhoi ar waith. Ond dros y blynyddoedd, mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi rhoi'r pŵer i awdurdodau lleol yng Nghymru i amrywio eu terfynau cyflymder. Mae'n feichus, fel sydd wedi ei amlinellu yma, ond rydym ni wedi gweld awdurdodau yn symud ymlaen, fel Caerdydd ac Abertawe, er enghraifft, pan fu'r awydd gwleidyddol yno. Rydym ni hefyd wedi gweld Llywodraeth Cymru yn rhoi arian i awdurdodau lleol i wella diogelwch oddi ar y ffyrdd. Ac eto, y llynedd, ar gyfer yr ysgol newydd yn Hwlffordd, Ysgol Caer Elen, ymunais â rhieni i ymgyrchu i leihau'r terfyn cyflymder o 30mya i derfyn cyflymder o 20mya. Felly, fy nghais i yma i chi, Gweinidog, yw, pan fyddwn yn adeiladu ysgolion newydd, bod parth cyflymder 20mya y tu allan i'r ysgol honno wedi ei gynnwys yn y dyluniad. Mae'n anhygoel i mi fod unrhyw awdurdod lleol sydd eisoes wedi rhoi terfynau cyflymder o 20mya ar waith y tu allan i rai ysgolion wedyn yn mynd ati i adeiladu ysgol newydd â therfyn cyflymder o 30mya y tu allan iddi - ac mae damwain wedi bod yn barod, a diolch byth nad oedd neb wedi brifo. Rwy'n amlwg yn cefnogi yr hyn yr ydych chi'n ei wneud. Rwy'n falch iawn o weld ei fod yn ôl ar yr agenda, ei fod yn cael ei drafod, ac rwy'n gwybod heb unrhyw amheuaeth o gwbl, o bopeth yr wyf i newydd ei ddweud, bod ganddo'r potensial i achub bywydau.