English: Diolch, Deputy Presiding Officer. This, basically, is a call for GPs to undertake routine screening for type 1 diabetes in children and young people. Lynne Neagle AM has kindly offered to give a minute, and my colleague, Mark Reckless. I would like to speak today on the importance of screening particularly in children and young people, especially when they do present with the very four telling signs of severe illness. The potentially devastating effects of type 1 diabetes have been highlighted to me through evidence given to me, as a member of the Petitions Committee, by the family of the late 13-year-old Peter Baldwin, who tragically lost his life in early 2015 as a result of diabetic ketoacidosis - DKA. Peter's family may be with us this evening and were certainly doing their best to be here. I know that his mother and father, along with Diabetes UK, have worked very hard to try and ensure that no other family have to go through what they've had to endure. In her words - this is the mother's words: 'Peter loved life at school and his friends. He was a fit and healthy teenager who had the world at his feet. He'd just been to Germany with the school and had come back with a winter cold. On New Year's Eve, he was very unwell, so we visited our GP. He diagnosed a chest infection, giving us antibiotics. No type 1 test was offered or considered. I explained that Peter was sleeping lots and drinking lots, which we now know are two of the major signs of the four Ts. 'Twenty four hours later, at 4.30 p.m. on New Year's Day, we called the out-of-hours service and explained that we were very concerned about Peter, who was fast deteriorating, with laboured breathing and delirium. Insisting that this was very urgent, we were transferred to 999, which was engaged for quite a short time. I asked for an ambulance, which I had to be very direct about; the operator kept asking if this was deemed necessary. Thank goodness I insisted and I stuck to my guns - many at this point would've given up. The rapid response paramedic arrived shortly and the first thing he did after giving Peter oxygen was to prick his finger. He diagnosed Peter on the spot with type 1 diabetes and it took less than 30 seconds. The paramedic called an ambulance and within 15 minutes, we were in the resus department at the Heath hospital. Peter was given the right care. He fought for six days, but his poor little body couldn't cope and he never recovered.' Diabetic ketoacidosis can be fatal. Peter had presented at his GP surgery days before. A two-second finger-prick test by his GP at that time could and would have diagnosed type 1 diabetes and given Peter and his family a vital 24-hour head start to fight the DKA. It is a testament to the dedication and commitment of Peter's family to campaigning in his memory that I'm stood here tonight raising this. They want - and I want - to make sure that no-one else ever has to go through the same horrific experience that they have and that nobody loses their child unnecessarily. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, where the body is attacked and destroys insulin-producing cells, meaning that no insulin is produced. This causes glucose to quickly rise in the blood and everyone with type 1 diabetes must therefore take insulin to control their blood sugar or blood glucose levels. The condition is not preventable and there is no known cure. We do know that around 1,500 children and young people have type 1 diabetes in Wales. The peak age for diagnosis is around nine to 14 years of age, and Diabetes UK tell us that, of these, 24 per cent - that's around 360 - will have been diagnosed very late in the life-threatening stage of DKA or diabetic ketoacidosis. In the under-five age group, this number increases to 29 per cent. At this stage of late diagnosis, type 1 diabetes is a rapid onset condition, resulting in a child becoming critically ill and very fast. If left without immediate testing, referral and treatment, this can be fatal. We also know that type 1 diabetes in children is relatively rare. The Royal College of General Practitioners estimates the rate amongst children under 15 to be 187 in every 100,000 children, meaning that a GP might go their entire career without experiencing such a case.
Welsh: Diolch, Ddirprwy Lywydd. Yn y bôn, galwad ar feddygon teulu i ymgymryd â sgrinio rheolaidd ar gyfer diabetes math 1 ymysg plant a phobl ifanc yw hon. Mae Lynne Neagle AC wedi cynnig yn garedig i roi munud, a fy nghyd-Aelod, Mark Reckless. Hoffwn siarad heddiw am bwysigrwydd sgrinio yn arbennig mewn plant a phobl ifanc, yn enwedig pan fyddant yn dangos pedwar arwydd cryf iawn o salwch difrifol. Cafodd effeithiau diabetes math 1, sy'n gallu bod yn drychinebus, eu hamlygu i mi drwy dystiolaeth a roddwyd i mi, fel aelod o'r Pwyllgor Deisebau, gan deulu'r diweddar Peter Baldwin a oedd yn 13 oed, ac a gollodd ei fywyd yn drasig yn gynnar yn 2015 o ganlyniad i getoasidosis diabetig - DKA. Efallai fod teulu Peter gyda ni heno, ac yn sicr roeddent yn gwneud eu gorau i fod yma. Gwn fod ei fam a'i dad, gyda Diabetes UK, wedi gweithio'n galed iawn i geisio sicrhau na fydd unrhyw deulu arall yn gorfod mynd drwy'r hyn y maent hwy wedi gorfod ei ddioddef. Yn ei geiriau hi - dyma eiriau'r fam: Roedd Peter yn caru bywyd yn yr ysgol a chyda'i ffrindiau. Roedd yn laslanc ffit ac iach a bywyd o'i flaen. Roedd newydd fod yn yr Almaen gyda'r ysgol ac wedi dod yn ôl yn dioddef o annwyd. Nos Calan, roedd yn sâl iawn, felly aethom at ein meddyg teulu. Gwnaeth ddiagnosis o haint ar ei frest, a rhoi gwrthfiotigau i ni. Ni chafodd prawf math 1 ei gynnig na'i ystyried. Eglurais fod Peter yn cysgu llawer ac yn yfed llawer, a gwyddom bellach fod y rheini'n ddau o'r prif arwyddion. Bedair awr ar hugain yn ddiweddarach, am 4.30 p.m. ddydd Calan fe wnaethom ffonio'r gwasanaeth tu allan i oriau ac esbonio ein bod yn bryderus iawn am Peter, a oedd yn dirywio'n gyflym, a'i anadlu'n drafferthus ac roedd yn ffwndrus. Gan fynnu bod hyn yn fater o frys mawr, cawsom ein trosglwyddo i'r gwasanaeth 999, ac ni allem fynd drwodd am amser eithaf byr. Gofynnais am ambiwlans, a bu'n rhaid i mi fod yn ddiamwys ynglŷn â hynny; roedd y sawl y siaradais â hwy'n cadw gofyn a oedd hynny'n angenrheidiol. Diolch byth fe fynnais a dal fy nhir - byddai llawer wedi rhoi'r gorau iddi ar y pwynt hwn. Cyrhaeddodd y parafeddyg ymateb cyflym yn fuan a'r peth cyntaf a wnaeth ar ôl rhoi ocsigen i Peter oedd pricio'i fys. Rhoddodd ddiagnosis o ddiabetes math 1 i Peter yn y fan a'r lle a chymerodd lai na 30 eiliad. Ffoniodd y parafeddyg am ambiwlans ac o fewn 15 munud, roeddem yn yr adran resus yn Ysbyty'r Mynydd Bychan. Cafodd Peter y gofal cywir. Brwydrodd am chwe diwrnod ond ni allai ei gorff bach ymdopi ac ni wellodd. Gall cetoasidosis diabetig fod yn angheuol. Roedd Peter wedi bod ym meddygfa ei feddyg teulu ddyddiau ynghynt. Gallai, ac fe fyddai prawf pricio bys dwy eiliad ar yr adeg honno gan ei feddyg teulu wedi rhoi diagnosis o ddiabetes math 1 ac wedi rhoi mantais hanfodol o 24 awr i Peter a'i deulu i ymladd y DKA. Mae'n dyst i ymroddiad ac ymrwymiad teulu Peter eu bod yn ymgyrchu er cof amdano a dyna pam rwy'n sefyll yma heno yn trafod hyn. Maent eisiau - ac rwyf fi eisiau - gwneud yn siŵr nad oes neb arall byth yn gorfod mynd drwy'r un profiad erchyll â hwy ac nad oes neb yn colli eu plentyn yn ddiangen. Cyflwr awto-imiwn yw diabetes math 1 lle yr ymosodir ar y corff a chaiff celloedd sy'n cynhyrchu inswlin eu dinistrio, sy'n golygu nad oes unrhyw inswlin yn cael ei gynhyrchu. Mae hyn yn peri i glwcos godi yn y gwaed yn gyflym ac felly, mae'n rhaid i bawb sydd â diabetes math 1 gymryd inswlin i reoli siwgr yn y gwaed neu eu lefelau glwcos yn y gwaed. Nid oes modd atal y cyflwr ac nid oes gwellhad. Gwyddom fod diabetes math 1 ar oddeutu 1,500 o blant a phobl ifanc yng Nghymru. Yr oedran y ceir diagnosis amlaf yw rhwng tua naw a 14 mlwydd oed, ac mae Diabetes UK yn dweud wrthym, o'r rhain, y bydd 24 y cant - hynny yw, tua 360 - wedi cael diagnosis yn hwyr iawn ar y cam lle y ceir bygythiad i fywyd o ganlyniad i DKA neu getoasidosis diabetig. Yn y grŵp oedran o dan bump, mae'r nifer hwn yn cynyddu i 29 y cant. Ar y cam hwn o ddiagnosis hwyr, mae diabetes math 1 yn gyflwr sy'n dechrau'n gyflym, a bydd y plentyn yn mynd yn sâl iawn yn gyflym iawn. Os na chaiff brawf, atgyfeiriad a thriniaeth ar unwaith, gall fod yn angheuol. Rydym hefyd yn gwybod bod diabetes math 1 mewn plant yn gymharol brin. Mae Coleg Brenhinol yr Ymarferwyr Cyffredinol yn amcangyfrif bod y gyfradd ymhlith plant o dan 15 yn 187 o bob 100,000 o blant, sy'n golygu y gallai meddyg teulu fynd drwy eu gyrfa gyfan heb weld achos o'r fath.