English: May I start by commending the work that Lynne Neagle has done in the area of dementia? I think that was a very passionate speech and she challenges her own side, as well, appropriately, which I think is really being an effective champion, then, for those with dementia. I want to talk a little bit about those older people who end up being carers. There are more carers amongst older people in the population on average. As people age, obviously, the susceptibility of diseases like dementia increases. This is a double challenge. There's the caring responsibilities themselves, and they are often performed by people who are a little frail and susceptible to illness themselves, and they are not supported enough in many ways. The lack of appropriate respite care continues to be a real challenge in the support of carers and means - you know, particularly for older people, if they're in the situation where they are usually caring for a spouse, that takes so much of their time that their wider social circle starts to shrink and they become very, very isolated. And often, when they then see their partner die, they are left without any bearing in terms of a way forward, because they're dealing with bereavement, they've lost that daily task that, although exhausting, often, kept them focused, and they don't have the social circle they once enjoyed. So, I think it's a real problem and it leads into, for them, a very intense period of loneliness. A couple of people have mentioned loneliness and that is something we really need to focus on, because as soon as your retire, the daily contact you have in your workplace, obviously that ceases, and for a lot of people, an awful lot of interaction can stop if they don't have access to other meaningful activities and social recreation and whatever. I also think that, when we look at older people as making a very valuable contribution to society, we should recall they can do a lot for the younger generation and they want to. There's a lot of evidence out there that older people acting as mentors to people, say, who have low skills or poor literacy, or even those who have been on the edge of ending up in the criminal justice system, there's a lot of evidence that contact with older people and being in programmes where they're involved together can really lead to very good results. And older people are often very keen to volunteer the time they have, but also the vocation they feel for the younger generation is a very intense one, and I think that's something we shouldn't forget. Can I just, finally, make the point about the need for better - ? We need to shape our urban places, I think, with much more ambition. I do see many changes in the years ahead, as we see the transport system change and the demands on the environment and to improve air quality and other things. And this, I think, will be of great benefit to older people. Diesel cars have probably kept an awful lot of older people indoors, especially at times like the rush hour or intense traffic through special events, or whatever. The respiratory health of older people is dramatically affected by the pollutants that are pumped out by diesel vehicles in particular, but also in general by the scale of traffic we have at the moment. So, better traffic management, seeing our urban places as principally for people and pedestrians, rather than for the motor car or other forms of motor transport, that's very important. If I'm talking about transport as well, we need to pay more attention to the very needy, who have very poor mobility or are frail, as they can't get to the local bus stop, often, and even if the bus is accessible, because the design of the bus stops now has improved, unless they have transport-to-home services, community buses, car schemes or whatever, which are run by volunteers that will transport older people, they are really a long way from being able to access services, even if they live in an urban area. Obviously, it's much, much worse if they're living in rural areas. And finally, other amenities like - what's happened to our public benches? I can remember a time when you used to see them not just in parks, but everywhere. And that's really, really important. Something I find now, as I get older, and I might be spending a morning in Cardiff, or whatever: where are the public lavatories? We had a shopping revolution in the late nineteenth century because public lavatories were provided. Without them, women just could not, really, be very far from their homes, because they did not have facilities available. Well, it's the same for older people and, of course, they often need disabled facilities as well, or at least toilets that are of a reasonable size so that they can move about within them. So these things, really: how we construct the urban environment. We need to be thinking about how older people are going to thrive in the future and the services and the help they will need. Thank you very much.
Welsh: A gaf fi ddechrau drwy ganmol y gwaith y mae Lynne Neagle wedi ei wneud ym maes dementia? Credaf ei bod wedi rhoi araith angerddol iawn ac mae hi'n herio ei hochr ei hun, yn ogystal, yn briodol, ac rwy'n meddwl mai dyna yw bod yn hyrwyddwr effeithiol go iawn i bobl â dementia. Rwyf eisiau siarad ychydig am y bobl hŷn sy'n dod yn ofalwyr. Mae yna fwy o ofalwyr ymhlith pobl hŷn yn y boblogaeth ar gyfartaledd. Wrth i bobl heneiddio, yn amlwg, mae'r tueddiad i gael clefydau fel dementia yn cynyddu. Mae hon yn her ddwbl. O ran y cyfrifoldebau gofalu eu hunain, yn aml cânt eu cyflawni gan bobl sydd ychydig yn fregus ac yn agored i salwch eu hunain, ac nid ydynt yn cael eu cefnogi'n ddigonol mewn sawl ffordd. Mae diffyg gofal seibiant addas yn parhau i fod yn her go iawn o ran cefnogi gofalwyr ac mae'n golygu - wyddoch chi, yn enwedig i bobl hŷn, os ydynt mewn sefyllfa lle y maent fel arfer yn gofalu am briod, mae hynny'n cymryd cymaint o'u hamser nes bod eu cylch cymdeithasol ehangach yn dechrau crebachu ac maent yn cael eu hynysu fwyfwy. Ac yn aml, pan fydd eu partner yn marw, maent yn cael eu gadael heb unrhyw syniad ynglŷn â'r ffordd ymlaen, am eu bod yn ymdrin â phrofedigaeth, maent wedi colli'r tasgau beunyddiol hynny a oedd yn aml yn rhoi ffocws iddynt er eu bod yn drwm, ac nid oes ganddynt y cylch cymdeithasol a oedd ganddynt ar un adeg. Felly, rwy'n credu ei bod yn broblem go iawn ac mae'n eu harwain i gyfnod o unigrwydd dwys iawn. Mae un neu ddau o bobl wedi crybwyll unigrwydd ac mae hynny'n rhywbeth y mae gwir angen i ni ganolbwyntio arno, oherwydd cyn gynted ag y byddwch yn ymddeol, y cyswllt dyddiol sydd gennych yn eich gweithle, yn amlwg daw hwnnw i ben, ac i lawer o bobl, gall llawer iawn o ryngweithio ddod i ben os nad oes ganddynt fynediad at weithgareddau ystyrlon eraill a hamdden cymdeithasol a beth bynnag. Rwyf hefyd yn credu, pan edrychwn ar bobl hŷn fel rhai sy'n gwneud cyfraniad gwerthfawr iawn i gymdeithas, dylem gofio y gallant wneud llawer i'r genhedlaeth iau ac maent eisiau gwneud hynny. Mae llawer o dystiolaeth ar gael fod pobl hŷn sy'n gweithredu fel mentoriaid i bobl, dyweder, sydd heb lawer o sgiliau neu lythrennedd, neu hyd yn oed y rhai sydd wedi bod ar fin mynd i mewn i'r system cyfiawnder troseddol, ceir llawer o dystiolaeth fod cysylltiad â phobl hŷn a bod mewn rhaglenni lle y maent yn cymryd rhan gyda'i gilydd yn gallu arwain at ganlyniadau da iawn mewn gwirionedd. Ac mae pobl hŷn yn aml yn awyddus iawn i wirfoddoli eu hamser, a hefyd mae'r alwad a deimlant tuag at y genhedlaeth iau yn un ddwys iawn, ac rwy'n credu bod hynny'n rhywbeth na ddylem ei anghofio. Yn olaf, a gaf fi wneud y pwynt am yr angen am well - ? Mae angen i ni siapio ein mannau trefol, rwy'n meddwl, gyda llawer mwy o uchelgais. Rwy'n gweld llawer o newidiadau yn y blynyddoedd i ddod, wrth i ni weld y system drafnidiaeth yn newid a'r gofynion ar yr amgylchedd ac i wella ansawdd aer a phethau eraill. A bydd hyn, rwy'n meddwl, o fudd mawr i bobl hŷn. Mae ceir diesel, yn ôl pob tebyg, wedi cadw llawer iawn o bobl hŷn rhag mynd allan, yn enwedig ar adegau fel oriau brys neu draffig dwys oherwydd digwyddiadau arbennig, neu beth bynnag. Effeithir yn ddramatig ar iechyd anadlol pobl hŷn gan y llygryddion sy'n cael eu pwmpio allan gan gerbydau diesel yn arbennig, ond hefyd yn gyffredinol gan faint y traffig sydd gennym ar hyn o bryd. Felly, mae rheoli traffig yn well, gweld ein mannau trefol yn bennaf fel lleoedd ar gyfer pobl a cherddwyr yn hytrach na'r car modur neu fathau eraill o drafnidiaeth fodurol, mae hynny'n bwysig iawn. Os wyf fi'n siarad am drafnidiaeth hefyd, mae angen i ni dalu mwy o sylw i'r anghenus iawn, sy'n methu symud fawr ddim neu sy'n eiddil, gan na allant gyrraedd y safle bws lleol, yn aml, a hyd yn oed os bydd y bws yn hygyrch oherwydd bod cynllun safleoedd bysiau bellach wedi gwella, oni bai bod ganddynt wasanaethau trafnidiaeth i'r cartref, bysiau cymunedol, cynlluniau ceir neu beth bynnag, sy'n cael eu rhedeg gan wirfoddolwyr ar gyfer cludo pobl hŷn, maent yn bell iawn o allu defnyddio gwasanaethau, hyd yn oed os ydynt yn byw mewn ardal drefol. Yn amlwg, mae'n llawer iawn gwaeth os ydynt yn byw mewn ardaloedd gwledig. Ac yn olaf, amwynderau eraill fel - beth sydd wedi digwydd i'n meinciau cyhoeddus? Gallaf gofio adeg pan oeddech yn arfer eu gweld nid yn unig mewn parciau, ond ym mhob man. Ac mae hynny'n wirioneddol bwysig. Rhywbeth rwy'n ei ganfod yn awr, wrth i mi fynd yn hŷn, ac efallai y byddaf yn treulio bore yng Nghaerdydd, neu beth bynnag: ble mae'r toiledau cyhoeddus? Cawsom chwyldro siopa ar ddiwedd y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg am fod toiledau cyhoeddus yn cael eu darparu. Hebddynt, ni allai menywod fod yn bell iawn o'u cartrefi mewn gwirionedd, am nad oedd ganddynt gyfleusterau ar gael. Wel, mae hi'r un fath ar gyfer pobl hŷn ac wrth gwrs, maent yn aml angen cyfleusterau i'r anabl yn ogystal, neu doiledau o faint rhesymol fan lleiaf er mwyn iddynt allu symud ynddynt. Felly'r pethau hyn, mewn gwirionedd: sut rydym yn adeiladu'r amgylchedd trefol. Mae angen i ni fod yn meddwl sut y mae pobl hŷn yn mynd i ffynnu yn y dyfodol a'r gwasanaethau a'r cymorth y bydd ei angen arnynt. Diolch yn fawr iawn.