English: Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I very much welcome the opportunity to discuss this very important issue and the tone in which it's been discussed so far. Homelessness is complicated and is caused by a number of different events. Whilst people often equate homelessness with rough-sleeping, rough-sleeping is just one form of homelessness, albeit the most visible and probably the most dangerous. We know that many more homeless people sleep on sofas and floors of friends and family or are in temporary accommodation, or live in overcrowded conditions, sometimes with two families living in a two-bedroomed house. When the choice is living in overcrowded accommodation or living on the streets, it's easy to see why people choose the overcrowded accommodation for themselves relative to a friend's, and you can understand why people make room for people where they haven't actually got it, so they don't end up sleeping on the street. Homelessness is devastating. It's driven by high rents and low income, lack of affordable housing, people not receiving the support they need when they need it, and this includes benefits. The most important thing is to stop people becoming homeless in the first place by early intervention, and the Welsh Government are committed to that, and we passed an Act a couple of years ago talking about early intervention. Prevention will stop people from becoming homeless in the first place. People need to intervene when homelessness is threatened, not wait for the day before they've been moved out, or in some cases the day that they're being moved out. Now, local authorities have got the power and the duty to do it, but we need to ensure that every local authority uses that power and that duty in order to ensure that people don't end up homeless. Sometimes, early intervention can keep people in the home they're currently in, providing support at this stage rather than waiting for people to become homeless, emergency response, providing emergency supports like shelter, food and day programmes while someone is homeless. We need housing, accommodation and support - the provision of housing and ongoing support as a means of moving people out of homelessness. For some homeless people, providing a house or flat will not solve their problems. They have other problems. They need the housing-related support and supported living services that help people to live as independently as they can, or move on to independent living. Many different groups of people benefit from these services. There are many providers in Wales who provide housing-related support and supported living services, but it wouldn't be me if I didn't mention the ones in Swansea. There is also good work done by The Wallich, including their cross-border women's project in Birchgrove, Swansea, which I urge people to visit if they're in the area, and also Dinas Fechan, a 15-bedroom hostel providing shelter and support to single homeless people. The hostel provides accommodation and support to people with a variety of support needs, including mental health issues, learning difficulties, offending behaviour or substance misuse. All residents meet regularly with their support worker, who will offer personal development work, access to appropriate services and advice on seeking permanent accommodation. Each resident has their own living space and shared communal living rooms. All these good works are important, but we wish for everyone to be adequately housed. Appointing a homelessness tsar, ideally someone who has lived experience and who can scrutinise the progress towards ending homelessness in Wales, will not end homelessness. We need to build more council houses. I know I bang on about this again all the time, but the only time since the second world war when we didn't have a housing crisis was when we were building council housing at scale. That's what we need to do - go back to building council housing at scale. We've got demand that is not being met. We can change who we give priority to and how to move it round, but the reality is that unless we've got adequate housing, we just decide that different people are going to be housed. It's important that we get sufficient housing available, and we've got a huge problem of the lack of council housing, and that's got to be built. We need to go back to building at scale. If we look back to the 1950s and 1960s, when we had Labour and Conservative Governments at Westminster who, at election time, campaigned to see who was going to build the most council houses. People like Harold Macmillan would probably find Boris Johnson's Government a very difficult place to be. They were really interested in getting council housing. We need that. We also need to get empty housing and flats back into use. Every one of us can wander round our own constituencies and see that these are houses, many in sought-after areas, that have just been left, and we need to get those back into use. I know Manselton in my constituency is a really sought-after area of good-quality terraced houses, but you can wander round most streets and find one or more houses that have been left empty. This is just a waste of resources, and it really is to the disadvantage of homeless people. We need to get more council houses and the empty houses and flats back into use so people aren't homeless anymore.
Welsh: Diolch, Ddirprwy Lywydd. Rwy'n croesawu'n fawr y cyfle i drafod y mater pwysig hwn a'r ysbryd y cafodd ei drafod ynddo hyd yma. Mae digartrefedd yn gymhleth ac fe'i hachosir gan nifer o wahanol ddigwyddiadau. Er bod pobl yn aml yn meddwl bod digartrefedd yn golygu cysgu ar y stryd, un math yn unig o ddigartrefedd yw cysgu ar y stryd, er mai dyna'r math mwyaf gweladwy a'r mwyaf peryglus yn ôl pob tebyg. Rydym yn gwybod bod llawer mwy o bobl ddigartref yn cysgu ar soffas a lloriau ffrindiau a theulu neu mewn llety dros dro, neu'n byw mewn amodau gorlawn, weithiau gyda dau deulu'n byw mewn tŷ dwy ystafell wely. Pan fydd y dewis rhwng byw mewn llety gorlawn neu fyw ar y strydoedd, mae'n hawdd gweld pam y mae pobl yn dewis y llety gorlawn iddynt eu hunain mewn perthynas â ffrind, a gallwch ddeall pam y mae pobl yn gwneud lle i bobl pan nad oes ganddynt le mewn gwirionedd, fel nad ydynt yn gorfod cysgu ar y stryd. Mae digartrefedd yn ddinistriol. Caiff ei yrru gan renti uchel ac incwm isel, diffyg tai fforddiadwy, pobl ddim yn cael y cymorth sydd ei angen arnynt pan fo'i angen arnynt, ac mae hyn yn cynnwys budd-daliadau. Y peth pwysicaf yw atal pobl rhag mynd yn ddigartref yn y lle cyntaf trwy ymyrraeth gynnar, ac mae Llywodraeth Cymru wedi ymrwymo i hynny, a phasiwyd Deddf ychydig flynyddoedd yn ôl yn siarad am ymyrraeth gynnar. Bydd atal yn rhwystro pobl rhag mynd yn ddigartref yn y lle cyntaf. Mae angen i bobl ymyrryd pan geir bygythiad o ddigartrefedd, nid aros am y diwrnod cyn iddynt gael eu symud allan, neu mewn rhai achosion y diwrnod y cânt eu symud allan. Nawr, mae gan awdurdodau lleol bŵer a dyletswydd i'w wneud, ond mae angen i ni sicrhau bod pob awdurdod lleol yn defnyddio'r pŵer hwnnw a'r ddyletswydd honno er mwyn sicrhau nad yw pobl yn mynd yn ddigartref. Weithiau gall ymyrraeth gynnar gadw pobl yn y cartref y maent ynddo ar hyn o bryd, gan ddarparu cefnogaeth ar y cam hwn yn hytrach nag aros i bobl fynd yn ddigartref, ymateb mewn argyfwng, darparu cymorth brys fel lloches, bwyd a rhaglenni dydd tra bo rhywun yn ddigartref. Mae angen tai, llety a chymorth - darparu tai a chymorth parhaus fel ffordd o symud pobl allan o ddigartrefedd. I rai pobl ddigartref, ni fydd darparu tŷ neu fflat yn datrys eu problemau. Mae ganddynt broblemau eraill. Maent angen y cymorth sy'n gysylltiedig â thai a'r gwasanaethau byw â chymorth sy'n helpu pobl i fyw mor annibynnol ag y gallant, neu symud ymlaen i fyw'n annibynnol. Mae llawer o wahanol grwpiau o bobl yn elwa o'r gwasanaethau hyn. Ceir llawer o ddarparwyr yng Nghymru sy'n darparu cymorth sy'n gysylltiedig â thai a gwasanaethau byw â chymorth, ond nid fi fuaswn i pe na bawn i'n sôn am y rhai yn Abertawe. Gwneir gwaith da gan The Wallich hefyd, gan gynnwys eu prosiect menywod trawsffiniol yn Birchgrove, Abertawe, ac rwy'n annog pobl i ymweld ag ef os ydynt yn yr ardal, a Dinas Fechan hefyd, hostel 15 ystafell wely sy'n darparu lloches a chymorth i bobl ddigartref sengl. Mae'r hostel yn darparu llety a chefnogaeth i bobl ag amrywiaeth o anghenion cymorth, gan gynnwys problemau iechyd meddwl, anawsterau dysgu, ymddygiad troseddol neu gamddefnyddio sylweddau. Mae'r holl breswylwyr yn cyfarfod yn rheolaidd â'u gweithiwr cymorth a fydd yn cynnig gwaith datblygu personol, mynediad at wasanaethau priodol a chyngor ar chwilio am lety parhaol. Mae gan bob preswylydd ei le byw ei hun ac ystafelloedd byw cymunedol a rennir. Mae'r holl waith da yn bwysig, ond rydym yn dymuno i bawb gael cartref digonol. Ni fydd penodi tsar digartrefedd, yn ddelfrydol rhywun sydd wedi cael profiad o fyw'n ddigartref ac sy'n gallu craffu ar y cynnydd tuag at roi diwedd ar ddigartrefedd yng Nghymru, yn dod â digartrefedd i ben. Mae angen i ni adeiladu mwy o dai cyngor. Rwy'n gwybod fy mod yn rhygnu ymlaen am hyn drwy'r amser, ond yr unig amser ers yr ail ryfel byd nad oedd gennym argyfwng tai oedd pan oeddem yn adeiladu tai cyngor ar raddfa fawr. Dyna beth sydd angen i ni ei wneud - mynd yn ôl i adeiladu tai cyngor ar raddfa fawr. Mae gennym alw nad yw'n cael ei ddiwallu. Gallwn newid pwy sy'n cael blaenoriaeth gennym a sut i'w symud o gwmpas, ond y gwir amdani yw oni bai fod gennym dai digonol, rydym ond yn penderfynu bod gwahanol bobl yn mynd i gael cartref. Mae'n bwysig ein bod yn sicrhau bod digon o dai ar gael, ac mae gennym broblem enfawr oherwydd prinder tai cyngor, ac mae'n rhaid eu hadeiladu. Mae angen i ni fynd yn ôl i adeiladu ar raddfa fawr. Os edrychwn yn ôl ar y 50au a'r 60au, pan oedd gennym Lywodraethau Llafur a Cheidwadol yn San Steffan a oedd, ar adeg etholiad, yn ymgyrchu i weld pwy oedd yn mynd i adeiladu'r nifer fwyaf o dai cyngor. Mae'n debyg y byddai pobl fel Harold Macmillan yn ei chael hi'n anodd iawn bod yn rhan o Lywodraeth Boris Johnson. Roedd ganddynt ddiddordeb mawr mewn cael tai cyngor. Mae angen hynny arnom. Mae angen i ni hefyd ddefnyddio tai a fflatiau gwag unwaith eto. Gall pob un ohonom grwydro o amgylch ein hetholaethau ein hunain a gweld tai, llawer ohonynt mewn ardaloedd poblogaidd, sydd wedi'u gadael yn wag, ac mae angen inni ddefnyddio'r rheini unwaith eto. Rwy'n gwybod bod Manselton yn fy etholaeth yn ardal boblogaidd o dai teras o ansawdd da, ond gallwch grwydro o amgylch y mwyafrif o strydoedd a dod o hyd i un neu fwy o dai sydd wedi'u gadael yn wag. Gwastraff adnoddau yw hyn, ac anfantais i bobl ddigartref mewn gwirionedd. Mae angen i ni gael mwy o dai cyngor a defnyddio tai a fflatiau gwag unwaith eto fel nad yw pobl yn ddigartref mwyach.