English: So, Welsh is the fourth language that I've learned, and the only way to do it is immersion, really. Immersion courses should be freely available to everyone: for pupils, for teachers, so teachers can be upskilled. Otherwise, I don't really see us achieving the target. We need to build up skill bases. If we look at, maybe, refugees, they come to Wales and they get given free English lessons. Well, they should be taught Welsh as well because we live in Wales. The next amendment, amendment 6, talks about modern foreign languages and we really, really should be teaching languages from year 1 on. There is no excuse. Again, we need to upskill staff to be able to do that. In the Netherlands and all around the world - many places - it's very common for people to be multilingual through their education systems. I remember going to Spain and watching seven-year-olds do geography through the medium of English. It was really interesting. On the issue of class sizes, the last speaker touched on this, but what I want to do and what the Welsh National Party wants to do is to put smaller class sizes back on the agenda. As a former teacher, I know the absolutely massive effect and huge difference, more culturally in the classroom, really, and especially with better relationships, when you teach classes under the size of 20, and I think that is something we should be aiming for. I'm just clicking on the screen now to the motion itself, and I wish I'd amended this, really, because if you look at point 4, you've got 'a) black and people of colour history; and b) the history of Wales' and the plight - . Speakers have talked about the BAME community. Well, black, brown, people of colour are part of Welsh history. We are Welsh history. We help make it, and I think there are seriously unintended consequences, or there could be seriously unintended consequences, with the wording of the motion. Maybe I should have added 'as part of', but I didn't, but I wish I had done now. I remember being in a meeting once with Betty Campbell, and she was labelled 'a BME', and Betty said, 'I ain't no BME. I'm Welsh.' And I think we must never forget that. I think never, ever forget that. I identify as Welsh and happen to have brown skin, and what I want to see is a fully inclusive history of Wales, where we automatically learn about every community that makes up our country, and, when my son grows up, I want him learning about Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf, I want him learning about Sycharth and the court of Owain Glyndŵr, I want him learning about the castles, and Dolbadarn, for example, and about Tŷ Morgan, and not just the Battle of Hastings, the Magna Carta, and Henry VIII. Let's touch back again on the race issue, because I think if we're going to seriously address the issue of race, then we need to address the matter institutionally. Look at the BBC, and ask anyone out there how many journalists of colour they see in Wales? How many journalists of colour do they take on their training programmes? How many women, for that matter? How many disabled people? Well, the BBC are so embarrassed, they won't even say, because I have asked, but they will not release the figures, probably because they're so embarrassing. If we look at the Senedd itself, during lockdown, if you were an MS of colour, you were half as likely to be chosen to pose a question to the First Minister as a white Member. Now, these are institutional matters of discrimination that the institution must address, because they're not being addressed. I think what we need to talk about, really, as well, are the barriers still there, preventing people of colour from being part of Welsh history. Just to recap, we're never going to have, by 2050, a country with a million Welsh speakers, where people can converse in English or Welsh, until we have those immersion courses. It's a really, really fundamental thing. If anyone votes against it, it's a shocking state of affairs, really, because I don't see how anybody can seriously vote against pre-immersion classes in the Welsh language for people who live in Wales. It's our right, and it should be there already. We do need to upskill people. The economy would be much more nimble, much more able to be successful if we had better language skills. And, of course, the final point there on the class sizes: we need to start talking about reducing class sizes until we get under 20. So, those are my amendments, and diolch yn fawr.
Welsh: Felly, Cymraeg yw'r bedwaredd iaith yr wyf i wedi'i dysgu, a'r unig ffordd o wneud hynny yw drwy drochi, mewn gwirionedd. Dylai cyrsiau trochi fod ar gael yn rhad ac am ddim i bawb: i ddisgyblion, i athrawon, er mwyn i athrawon allu gwella eu sgiliau. Fel arall, dydw i ddim wir yn ein gweld ni'n cyrraedd y targed. Mae angen i ni ddatblygu sylfeini sgiliau. Os edrychwn ni, efallai, ar ffoaduriaid, maen nhw'n dod i Gymru ac mae nhw'n cael gwersi Saesneg am ddim. Wel, fe ddylen nhw gael eu dysgu i siarad Cymraeg hefyd am ein bod ni'n byw yng Nghymru. Mae'r gwelliant nesaf, gwelliant 6, yn sôn am ieithoedd tramor modern a dylem ni, mewn gwirionedd, fod yn addysgu ieithoedd o flwyddyn 1 ymlaen. Nid oes unrhyw esgus. Unwaith eto, mae angen i ni wella sgiliau staff er mwyn gallu gwneud hynny. Yn yr Iseldiroedd ac ym mhob cwr o'r byd - llawer o leoedd - mae'n gyffredin iawn i bobl fod yn amlieithog drwy eu systemau addysg. Rwy'n cofio mynd i Sbaen a gwylio plant saith oed yn gwneud daearyddiaeth trwy gyfrwng y Saesneg. Roedd yn ddiddorol iawn. O ran maint dosbarthiadau, crybwyllodd y siaradwr diwethaf hyn, ond yr hyn yr wyf i eisiau ei wneud a'r hyn y mae'r Welsh National Party eisiau ei wneud yw rhoi dosbarthiadau llai yn ôl ar yr agenda. Fel cyn-athro, rwy'n gwybod am yr effaith enfawr a'r gwahaniaeth anferth, yn fwy diwylliannol yn yr ystafell ddosbarth, mewn gwirionedd, ac yn enwedig gyda gwell cydberthnasoedd, pan eich bod yn addysgu dosbarthiadau o lai nag 20, ac rwy'n credu y dylem ni fod â'r nod hwnnw. Rwy'n clicio ar y sgrin nawr i'r cynnig ei hun, ac rwy'n difaru na wnes i wella hwn, mewn gwirionedd, oherwydd os edrychwch chi ar bwynt 4, mae gennych chi 'a) hanes pobl dduon a phobl o liw; a b) hanes Cymru' a'r trafferthion - . Mae siaradwyr wedi sôn am y gymuned BAME. Wel, du, brown, mae pobl o liw yn rhan o hanes Cymru. Ni yw Hanes Cymru. Rydym ni'n helpu i'w wneud, ac rwy'n credu bod yna ganlyniadau anfwriadol difrifol, neu gallai fod canlyniadau anfwriadol difrifol, gyda geiriad y cynnig. Efallai y dylwn i fod wedi ychwanegu 'yn rhan o', ond wnes i ddim, ond byddai'n dda gennyf pe bawn i wedi gwneud hynny nawr. Rwy'n cofio bod mewn cyfarfod unwaith gyda Betty Campbell, a chafodd hi ei labelu yn 'BME', ac fe ddywedodd Betty, 'I ain't no BME. I'm Welsh.' Ac rwy'n credu na ddylem ni byth, byth anghofio hynny. Rwyf i'n uniaethu fel Cymro a, digwydd bod, mae gen i groen brown, a'r hyn yr wyf i eisiau ei weld yw hanes cwbl gynhwysol o Gymru, lle byddwn yn dysgu yn awtomatig am bob cymuned sydd yn ffurfio ein gwlad, a, phan fydd fy mab yn tyfu i fyny, rwyf eisiau iddo ddysgu am Llywelyn Ein Llyw Olaf, rwyf eisiau iddo ddysgu am Sycharth a llys Owain Glyndŵr, rwyf eisiau iddo ddysgu am y cestyll, a Dolbadarn, er enghraifft, ac am Dŷ Morgan, ac nid dim ond Brwydr Hastings, y Magna Carta, a Harri'r VIII. Gadewch i ni fynd yn ôl eto at y mater o hil, oherwydd rwy'n credu os ydym ni'n mynd i fynd i'r afael o ddifrif â'r mater o hil, yna mae angen i ni fynd i'r afael â'r mater yn sefydliadol. Edrychwch ar y BBC, a gofynnwch i unrhyw un allan yna sawl newyddiadurwr o liw y maen nhw'n ei weld yng Nghymru? Sawl newyddiadurwr o liw y maen nhw'n eu derbyn ar eu rhaglenni hyfforddi? Faint o fenywod, o ran hynny? Faint o bobl anabl? Wel, mae'r BBC yn teimlo cymaint o gywilydd, dydyn nhw ddim hyd yn oed yn fodlon dweud, oherwydd rwyf wedi gofyn, ond wnawn nhw ddim rhyddhau'r ffigurau, mae'n debyg oherwydd eu bod nhw mor gywilyddus. Os edrychwn ni ar y Senedd ei hun, yn ystod y cyfyngiadau symud, os oeddech chi yn AS o liw, roeddech chi hanner mor debygol o gael eich dewis i ofyn cwestiwn i'r Prif Weinidog o'i gymharu ag Aelod gwyn. Nawr, mae'r rhain yn faterion sefydliadol o wahaniaethu y mae'n rhaid i'r sefydliad fynd i'r afael â nhw, oherwydd nid ydyn nhw'n cael sylw. Rwy'n credu mai'r hyn y mae angen i ni siarad amdano, mewn gwirionedd, hefyd, yw'r rhwystrau sy'n dal i fod yno, yn atal pobl o liw rhag bod yn rhan o hanes Cymru. Dim ond i ailadrodd, ni fydd gennym ni byth, erbyn 2050, wlad sydd â miliwn o siaradwyr Cymraeg, lle gall pobl sgwrsio yn Gymraeg neu yn Saesneg, nes bod y cyrsiau trochi hynny gennym. Mae'n beth gwirioneddol sylfaenol. Os bydd unrhyw un yn pleidleisio yn ei erbyn, mae'n sefyllfa frawychus, mewn gwirionedd, oherwydd nid wyf yn gweld sut y gall unrhyw un bleidleisio'n ddifrifol yn erbyn dosbarthiadau cyn-trochi yn y Gymraeg i bobl sy'n byw yng Nghymru. Dyma ein hawl ni, a dylai fod yno'n barod. Mae angen i ni wella sgiliau pobl. Byddai'r economi yn llawer mwy ystwyth, yn llawer mwy abl i lwyddo pe byddai gennym ni sgiliau iaith gwell. Ac, wrth gwrs, y pwynt olaf yn y fan yna ar faint dosbarthiadau: mae angen i ni ddechrau trafod lleihau maint dosbarthiadau hyd nes y cawn ni'r ffigwr o dan 20. Felly, dyna fy ngwelliannau i, a diolch yn fawr.