English: Thank you very much, and you are right, what we're not trying to do here is to control behaviour within the family. We do understand that we're in a sensitive area here. So, what we're trying to do is to motivate, to help people to make their own decisions, and ensure the resources and the evaluation in terms of what works is available to them, and that we help in that area. There is a lot of research that has been done in this area, but what's important now is that we share that work and we do more nudge theory with these people. We know, to a certain extent, certain things that do work, but is there more that we can do? And that's why it's vital - . You mentioned that it's difficult to change a language once you've set up that habit, and that is true, I think. And that's why it's so important that we start before children are born. That's why we collaborate before that with midwives. And that way of working has taken us quite a long way already, but evidently there is a cohort that we haven't reached yet, and it's important that we look at that. So, why are people not transmitters? Well, that's what we're trying to find out here. You've mentioned that a lack of confidence is a part of that, and maybe particularly if they haven't been brought up through the medium of Welsh, but they've learned the language at school. It's interesting, maybe they don't have the vocabulary for very young children. Do they know how to sing to the children when they're very small and so forth? That's the kind of thing we have to ensure that we provide. Another thing, from the research we've seen, is that, often, there isn't a conscious decision about which language to speak. One of the things we're trying to do is to have people to think about this. What's interesting in the research is that they do talk about which school their child goes to, so if they're sending them to a Welsh school, but they don't have a discussion about which language they speak at home. And you are right, work has been done in this area over the years. There was Twf, and then that has become Cymraeg for Kids. One of the things that we've done in planning this new policy is evaluate Cymraeg for Kids to see what works, and that has fed into this programme. What we're hoping to do here is place a greater focus on the fact that what we want to see is the transmission of the language within families, and that that is established within the family rather than something that's school based. So, the focus is very consciously on families. In terms of the time this is going to take, we think maybe a decade would be the timeframe for this. In terms of the funding, Cymraeg for Kids received £750,000 this year. What we'd expect, as a result of this consultation, is bids for more funding in this area. So, we'll have to see what comes back and what projects that are not funded now will be funded in the future.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, ac rŷch chi'n eithaf reit, beth dŷn ni ddim yn trio gwneud fan hyn yw rheoli ymddygiad y tu fewn i'r teulu. Rŷm ni'n deall ein bod ni mewn maes eithaf sensitif fan hyn. Felly, beth rŷm ni'n trio gwneud yw argymell, helpu pobl i wneud eu penderfyniadau eu hunain, a gwneud yn siŵr bod yr adnoddau a'r gwerthusiad gyda nhw ynglŷn â beth sy'n gweithio, a'n bod ni'n helpu i wneud hynny. Ac mae lot o waith ymchwil wedi cael ei wneud yn y maes yma, ond beth sy'n bwysig nawr yw ein bod ni'n rhannu'r gwaith yna a'n bod ni'n gwneud tamaid bach mwy o'r nudge theory yma gyda'r bobl yma. Rŷm ni'n gwybod, i raddau, rhai pethau sy'n gweithio, ond a oes yna fwy gallwn ni ei wneud? Dyna pam mae'n hollbwysig - . Roeddech chi'n sôn ei bod hi'n anodd newid iaith unwaith rŷch chi wedi arfer, a dwi'n meddwl bod hwnna'n wir. Dyna pam mae mor bwysig ein bod ni'n dechrau cyn bod plant yn cael eu geni. Dyna pam ni'n cydweithio eisoes gyda'r bydwragedd. Ac mae'r ffordd yna o weithredu, dwi'n meddwl, wedi mynd â ni i ffordd eithaf pell yn barod. Ond yn amlwg, mae yna cohort dŷn ni ddim wedi cyrraedd fan hyn, ac mae'n bwysig ein bod ni'n edrych ar hyn. So, pam nad yw pobl yn trosglwyddo? Wel, dyna un o'r pethau rŷm ni'n trio'i ddarganfod yma. Wrth gwrs, roeddech chi'n sôn bod diffyg hyder yn rhan ohoni, ac efallai yn arbennig os nad ydyn nhw wedi cael eu magu trwy'r Gymraeg ond wedi'i dysgu hi yn yr ysgol. Mae'n ddiddorol, efallai bod yr eirfa ar gyfer plant bach, bach ddim gyda nhw. So, ydyn nhw'n gwybod sut i ganu i'r plant pan fo nhw'n ifanc iawn ac ati? Dyna'r math o beth mae'n rhaid i ni sicrhau: ein bod ni'n rhoi darpariaeth iddyn nhw o'r pethau yna. Y peth arall yw, o'r ymchwil rŷn ni wedi'i weld, bod yna ddim, yn aml, penderfyniad ymwybodol ynglŷn â pha iaith ŷch chi'n ei siarad. Un o'r pethau rydym ni trio gwneud yw cael pobl i feddwl amdano. Beth sy'n ddiddorol o'r ymchwil yw eu bod nhw yn siarad am ba ysgol mae eu plant nhw'n mynd i, so maen nhw'n mynd i'w anfon nhw i ysgol Gymraeg, ond dŷn nhw ddim yn cael y drafodaeth ynglŷn â pha iaith maen nhw'n ei siarad yn y cartref. Ac rydych chi'n eithaf reit, mae gwaith wedi'i wneud yn y maes yma dros y blynyddoedd. Roedd Twf, ac wedyn mae hwnna wedi trawsnewid i mewn i Cymraeg i Blant. Un o'r pethau dŷn ni wedi gwneud drwy gynllunio'r polisi newydd yma yw gwneud gwerthusiad o Cymraeg i Blant i weld beth sydd wedi gweithio, ac mae hwnna wedi bwydo i mewn i'r rhaglen yma. Beth rydym ni'n gobeithio ei wneud fan hyn yw rhoi lot mwy o ffocws ar y ffaith mai beth rŷn ni eisiau ei weld yw trosglwyddo mewn teulu, a'i fod e wedi sefydlu yn lleoliad y teulu yn hytrach na rhywbeth i gael pobl i mewn i ysgolion. So, mae'r ffocws yn ymwybodol iawn ar deuluoedd. O ran faint o amser mae hwn yn mynd i gymryd, wel, rŷn ni'n gweld mai efallai tua 10 mlynedd bydd y ffocws ar gyfer hyn. Wrth gwrs, o ran yr arian, mae Cymraeg i Blant eisoes yn derbyn tua £750,000 eleni. Beth fuaswn i'n ei ddisgwyl, fel canlyniad i'r ymgynghoriad yma, fyddai ceisiadau am fwy o arian yn y maes yma. Felly, bydd yn rhaid i ni weld beth sy'n dod nôl a pha brosiectau sydd ddim yn cael eu hariannu nawr efallai bydd angen i ni eu hariannu yn y dyfodol.