English: The one thing that I would say is that our focus was on fairness for young people, because we wanted fairness in the results, but we were also aware that the results that they received last summer were an important part of the next step in their lives, which could be going to college, to university, to an apprenticeship or the world of work, and so on. So we held a major public consultation and we had over 4,000 people responding to that, and we learned and developed our recommendations on the basis of the feedback that we received as part of that. Through doing so, it was clear to us - we felt that it was important that the standards of the results had to be, in a way, similar to those of results in previous years. But in doing that - and I do have to make this important point - in focusing on this aspect, we weren't in any way trying to look after the education system rather than the well-being of the learner. Our priority every time was the learner. Of course, on 17 August, I believe it was, the Minister decided that those who were meant to sit their exams were going to receive the centre-assessed grades, rather than using the standardisation. And we accept that these were very difficult circumstances. At the end of the day, I don't think that anyone in this meeting has lived in a pandemic before. The truth is that people were trying to deal with very difficult issues in their lives and in their work, and at the same time, many people were poorly themselves and people close to them, family and so on, were poorly, too. So we were working in a very difficult time, and we're still doing that, as you'll all know. One of the things that has strengthened during this period, from summer onwards - and I think it's a very good thing - is the voice of the student. And we're going to learn from that and work more closely from now on with the Welsh Youth Parliament and with the Children's Commissioner for Wales to learn and improve. We're also going to create a new group, a group of learners, who are going to be part of the corporate side of Qualifications Wales so that we listen and link up with learners in a more robust way as part of our everyday work. We'll be working with the children's commissioner to do that, and we're going to appoint members, young people, to this group to work with us for two years at a time. Just to conclude, in response to your question, we have learned a great deal. That is the quick response, Siân; we have learned a great deal. In terms of vocational qualifications - and perhaps you'll know my history of working in a college in north Wales - it was also important that we gave fair play to those who were pursuing exams or qualifications without exams. So, those vocational qualifications. The aim was to ensure that we dealt with everyone in the same way, fairly, and in saying that, what I'm talking about is ensuring that we didn't deal with A-level and GCSE in a different way to vocational courses. That was the aim, and I think we did that. Of course, it was slightly different in terms of vocational courses because of the way that people sit a great deal of qualifications on a UK level, rather than just a Welsh level. So, we've worked with Ofqual on that work, and we made a statement with Ofqual in April to explain how we were dealing with those vocational qualifications. So, just to summarise: it's been a difficult year for everyone, and I want to say once again, I think everyone has worked together across the education sector in Wales. We're very grateful to them for all of their work. Also, we're learning from the experience, and there is that commitment to that now and for the future, certainly.
Welsh: Y peth mwyaf y byddwn i'n ei ddweud, yr holl ffordd, oedd canolbwyntio ar degwch i bobl ifanc, oherwydd roedd eisiau tegwch yn y canlyniadau, ond hefyd roedden ni'n ymwybodol bod y canlyniadau y cawson nhw haf diwethaf yn rhan bwysig o'r cam nesaf iddyn nhw yn eu bywydau, sef mynd i'r coleg, i'r brifysgol neu waith, prentisiaeth, neu beth bynnag. Fe wnaethon ni wneud public consultation mawr, a chawson ni dros 4,000 o bobl yn ymateb, a gwnaethon ni ddysgu a datblygu ein hargymhellion ni ar sail yr adborth a gawson ni fel rhan o hwnna. Trwy wneud hwnna, roedd hi'n glir i ni - roedden ni'n teimlo ei bod hi'n bwysig bod yn rhaid i safonau a chanlyniadau fod, mewn ffordd, yn debyg i ganlyniadau blynyddoedd cynt. Ond trwy wneud hyn, mae'n rhaid i fi wneud y pwynt - ac mae hwn yn bwynt reit bwysig - trwy ganolbwyntio ar hyn, doedden ni ddim mewn unrhyw ffordd yn trio edrych ar ôl y system addysg yn hytrach na lles y dysgwyr. Ein blaenoriaeth ni bob tro oedd y dysgwyr. Wrth gwrs, ar 17 Awst, dwi'n credu, fe wnaeth y Gweinidog benderfynu bod y bobl oedd i fod i eistedd eu harholiadau yn mynd i dderbyn y CAG, y centre -assesed grade, yn hytrach na defnyddio standardisation. Ac rydyn ni'n derbyn bod y rhain yn amgylchiadau anodd iawn. Ar ddiwedd y dydd, dwi ddim yn credu bod neb yn y cyfarfod yma wedi byw trwy pandemig o'r blaen. Y gwir oedd bod pobl yn trio delio â phethau anodd yn eu bywydau nhw ac yn eu gwaith nhw, ac ar yr un pryd roedd llawer o bobl yn dost eu hunain, a hefyd roedd ganddyn nhw bobl agos atyn nhw, teulu ac ati, oedd yn dost hefyd. So, roedden ni'n gweithio mewn amser anodd dros ben, ac rydyn ni'n dal i wneud hynny, wrth gwrs, fel rydyn ni i gyd yn gwybod. Un o'r pethau sydd wedi cryfhau, dwi'n credu, yn ystod yr amser ers yr haf yma - a dwi'n credu ei bod hi'n beth da iawn - ydy llais y myfyriwr. Ac rydyn ni'n mynd i ddysgu o hwn a gweithio'n agosach o nawr ymlaen efo Senedd y bobl ifanc yng Nghymru ac efo'r comisiynydd plant yng Nghymru, er mwyn gwella a dysgu o'r profiad. Rydyn ni hefyd yn mynd i greu grŵp newydd, grŵp o ddysgwyr, sy'n mynd i fod yn rhan o ochr corfforaethol Cymwysterau Cymru, fel ein bod ni'n gwrando a chysylltu â dysgwyr yn gryfach, fel rhan o'n gwaith naturiol ni. Byddwn ni'n gweithio efo'r comisiynydd plant er mwyn gwneud hwnna, ac rydyn ni'n mynd i benodi aelodau, sef pobl ifanc, i'r grŵp yma i weithio efo ni am ddwy flynedd ar y tro. Jest i orffen yr ateb i'ch cwestiwn, rydyn ni wedi dysgu llawer. Dyna'r ateb cyflym, Siân; rydyn ni wedi dysgu llawer. O safbwynt y cymwysterau galwedigaethol - ac efallai eich bod chi'n gwybod fy nghefndir i o weithio mewn coleg yn y gogledd - roedd hi hefyd yn reit bwysig ein bod ni hefyd yn rhoi chwarae teg i bobl oedd yn gwneud arholiadau a chymwysterau heb arholiadau - rhai galwedigaethol. Y nod oedd gwneud yn siŵr ein bod ni'n delio â phawb yn yr un ffordd ac yn deg. Wrth gwrs, trwy wneud hwnna, beth dwi'n sôn am ydy gwneud yn siŵr ein bod ni ddim yn delio â lefel A a TGAU yn wahanol i gyrsiau galwedigaethol. So, dyna beth oedd y nod, a dwi'n credu gwnaethon ni wneud hwnna. Wrth gwrs, mae pethau bach yn wahanol o safbwynt cyrsiau galwedigaethol oherwydd y ffordd y mae pobl yn eistedd lot o gyrsiau a chymwysterau sydd yn gweithio ar lefel Prydain yn hytrach na jest ar lefel Cymru. So, bu'n rhaid inni weithio ar y cyd efo Ofqual ar y gwaith yna a gwnaeth Ofqual a ni wneud datganiad ym mis Ebrill i egluro'r ffordd roedden ni'n delio â chyrsiau galwedigaethol. So, jest i grynhoi: blwyddyn anodd i bawb, a dwi eisiau dweud unwaith eto, dwi'n credu bod pawb wedi gweithio efo'i gilydd ar draws y sector addysg yng Nghymru. Dŷn ni'n diolch iddyn nhw am eu holl waith. A hefyd, o ran dysgu o'r profiad, mae'r ymrwymiad yna i wneud hynny nawr ac yn y dyfodol, yn sicr.