English: Schools are calling out for concrete information about when this will happen - that is to say, when this major retraining will occur. Will it happen during school hours, outwith school hours, on additional inset days? How will it be done? We do need an idea about the financial investment that will be allocated to this - more detail, if you like. You've allocated £100,000, I think, for ongoing development or continuous development, but is this sufficient? Releasing teachers is expensive. It all needs to be planned very carefully beforehand, and we need to recognise the scale of the task facing us, and we need to emphasise that this includes classroom teachers, classroom assistants, and the school leaders. I am aware that CPD won't be part of the White Paper, but I do think that the questions raised by teachers and unions are very pertinent indeed. My second question is on assessment arrangements, and you have mentioned that you will publish further detail on that in the spring. At the moment, before we have that information, teachers are concerned that they don't have a clear idea of the nature of the assessment methods that will run alongside the curriculum. We know about the annual adaptive tests, and we know about significant changes in terms of the broader accountability issues, but, in terms of the progress steps and the attainment outcomes, it would be good to have more clarity on all of this, and I assume that the intention is to move away from teacher assessment as it currently stands at the moment. Now, another huge question, which nobody seems to be able to tackle at the moment, is: what will the impact of the changes to the curriculum be on qualifications, as Suzy alluded to? You did start to answer the question, but we do need clarity very soon on this issue. You said that 2026 is a long way off, but no, it isn't, because the first cohort of pupils that will have followed the new curriculum - those in year 7 in September 2022 - will reach year 10 and they will start GCSE courses in September 2025. Working back from that point, the schedules for those courses will have to have been published by 2024 so that teachers have time for preparation. There is huge work to be done, first of all, by Qualifications Wales, in terms of setting the criteria, and then by the WJEC, and any other awarding bodies who may be interested in qualifications, in terms of drawing up those qualifications and going through Qualification Wales's validation processes. Now, I know that, quite understandably, you've sought to avoid having the nature of the qualifications having too much of an influence on the curriculum, but the time has now come to actually make some robust decisions in this area. Turning now to an issue that is a cause for concern for me, namely the Welsh aspects of this curriculum, and the Welsh identity of the curriculum, I would like to know how much emphasis there will be on Welsh history, for example. You talk about a Welsh dimension, but I am talking about a curriculum that is rooted in the Welsh experience, and I do think that there is a difference there, and I would like some clarity on that issue. There are questions that arise about the framework for the Welsh language, and what the assessment arrangements will be there, and there is a major question, which isn't being answered at the moment, about what the nature of the qualification or qualifications will be in terms of the Welsh language. There is a lack of clarity about that, and that is a cause for concern; there is a vacuum there, and I would appreciate a little more meat on the bones, as it were. Finally, I turn to an issue that Suzy started to address, which is on page 35 of the consultation document, and here it says that there will be 'Duty on all schools and Funded Nursery Settings to teach English as a compulsory element of the new curriculum for Wales.' Now, that strikes me as being very strange, in these days where the cylchoedd meithrin run by Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin do provide their provision through the medium of Welsh. And every expert opinion in this area has emphasised that the immersion of children in the Welsh language, at that very early age, is the best way of producing children who are fluent Welsh speakers. And a statement such as that one does raise a number of questions, I believe, and it has frightened Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin without doubt, and it appears to me to run contrary to the aim of a million Welsh speakers. So, I would like to know whether that is an error if truth be told, It's such a strange and unexpected statement in the current context in Wales. It strikes me that it may be a mistake. So -
Welsh: Mae ysgolion yn gweiddi allan am wybodaeth goncrit ynglŷn â pryd fydd hyn yn digwydd - hynny yw, pryd fydd yr ailhyfforddi mawr yma'n digwydd? Fydd o'n digwydd yn ystod oriau ysgol, tu hwnt i oriau ysgol, mewn diwrnodau hyfforddiant mewn swydd ychwanegol, neu beth? Mae angen syniad ynghylch y buddsoddiad ariannol fydd yn cael ei neilltuo i hyn - mwy o fanylion, os liciwch chi. Dŷch chi wedi clustnodi £100,000, dwi'n credu, ar gyfer datblygiad parhaus, ond ydy hynny yn ddigon? Mae rhyddhau athrawon yn gostus. Mae angen i'r cwbl fod wedi ei gynllunio yn ofalus ymlaen llaw. Mae angen cydnabyddiaeth o faint y dasg, ac mae angen pwysleisio bod hyn yn cynnwys athrawon dosbarth, cynorthwywyr dosbarth ac arweinwyr ysgol fel ei gilydd. Dwi yn ymwybodol na fydd hyfforddiant datblygiad proffesiynol yn rhan o'r Papur Gwyn, ond mae'r cwestiynau dwi'n meddwl sydd yn cael eu codi gan yr athrawon a gan yr undebau yn hollol berthnasol. Mae fy ail gwestiwn i ynghylch trefniadau asesu, a dŷch chi wedi sôn y byddwch chi'n cyhoeddi mwy o fanylion ynglŷn â hynny yn y gwanwyn. Ar hyn o bryd, cyn cael y wybodaeth yna, mae athrawon yn pryderu nad ydyn nhw yn gallu cael syniad clir o natur a dull y trefniadau asesu fydd yn cydfynd â'r cwricwlwm. Dŷn ni'n gwybod am y profion ymaddasol blynyddol, a dŷn ni'n gwybod am newidiadau sylweddol a chadarnhaol yn dod o ran y trefniadau atebolrwydd ehangach, ond, o ran y camau cynnydd a'r deilliannau cyflawniad, mi fyddai'n dda cael mwy o eglurhad ynghylch hyn oll, a dwi'n cymryd mai'r bwriad fydd symud i ffwrdd o asesiadau athrawon fel maen nhw ar hyn o bryd. Cwestiwn anferth arall lle nad oes yna unrhyw un fel petaen nhw'n fodlon mynd i'r afael ag o ar hyn o bryd ydy: beth fydd sgil-effaith y newidiadau i'r cwricwlwm ar gymwysterau, fel roedd Suzy yn sôn? Mi wnaethoch chi ddechrau ateb y cwestiwn, ond mae angen eglurder yn fuan iawn ar y mater yma. Roeddech chi'n sôn, 'O, mae 2026 yn bell i ffwrdd'. Wel, nac ydy, dydy 2026 ddim yn bell i ffwrdd, oherwydd mi fydd y garfan gyntaf o ddisgyblion sydd wedi dilyn y cwricwlwm newydd, sef y rhai fydd ym mlwyddyn 7 ym mis Medi 2022, yn cyrraedd blwyddyn 10, sef yn dechrau cyrsiau TGAU, ym mis Medi 2025. Gweithio nôl o'r pwynt yna, bydd angen i'r manylebau ar gyfer y cymwysterau hynny fod wedi eu cyhoeddi erbyn mis Medi 2024 er mwyn i athrawon gael amser i ymbaratoi. Mae yna waith aruthrol i'w wneud yn gyntaf gan Cymwysterau Cymru o ran gosod y meini prawf, ac wedyn gan Cydbwyllgor Addysg Cymru, ac unrhyw gyrff dyfarnu eraill fydd â diddordeb cynnig cymhwyster, o ran llunio'r cymhwyster, a mynd drwy brosesau dilysu Cymwysterau Cymru. Dwi'n gwybod eich bod chi, yn ddealladwy efallai, wedi eisiau osgoi bod natur a chynnwys cymwysterau yn dylanwadu'n ormodol ar y cwricwlwm, ond mae'r amser wedi dod i fynd â'r maen i'r wal a gwneud penderfyniadau cadarn. Troi rŵan at fater sydd yn peri consern i mi hefyd, sef Cymreictod y cwricwlwm, ac fe hoffwn i wybod pa mor Gymreig fydd profiad y disgybl a faint o bwyslais fydd ar hanes Cymru. Dŷch chi'n sôn am ddimensiwn Cymreig; dwi'n sôn am gwricwlwm wedi ei wreiddio yn y profiad Cymreig, a dwi yn meddwl bod yna wahaniaeth yn fanna, a hoffwn i eglurder am hynny. Mae yna gwestiynau yn codi am y fframwaith ar gyfer y Gymraeg, a beth fydd y trefniadau asesu yn fan honno, a'r cwestiwn mawr sydd ddim yn cael ei ateb ar hyn o bryd ydy: beth fydd natur y cymhwyster neu gymwysterau o ran y Gymraeg? Mae diffyg eglurder ynglyn â hynny yn peri ychydig bach o ofid; mae yna wagle yn ei gylch o, ac mi fyddai'n dda cael dipyn bach mwy o gig ar yr asgwrn o safbwynt hwnnw. Ac, yn olaf, dwi'n troi at yr hyn roedd Suzy wedi cychwyn sôn amdano fo - yr hyn sydd ar dudalen 35 yn yr adroddiad yn y ddogfen ymgynghori, ac yn fan hyn mae o'n dweud y bydd: 'Dyletswydd ar bob ysgol a Lleoliad Meithrin a Gyllidir i addysgu Saesneg, fel elfen orfodol o'r cwricwlwm newydd i Gymru.' Rŵan mae hwnna yn taro rhywun fel rhywbeth chwithig iawn yn y dyddiau sydd ohoni, lle mae cylchoedd meithrin y Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin yn cyflwyno eu gwaith drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg. Ac mae pob barn arbenigol yn pwysleisio bod trochi plant yn y Gymraeg yn yr oed cynnar yna - dyna ydy'r ffordd i gynhyrchu plant sydd yn rhugl yn y Gymraeg. Ac mae datganiad fel yna yn codi llawer iawn o gwestiynau, dwi'n meddwl, ac mae o wedi dychryn y Mudiad Ysgolion Meithrin yn sicr, ac mae'n ymddangos i mi yn mynd yn hollol groes i'r nod o filiwn o siaradwyr. Felly, hoffwn i wybod ai camgymeriad ydy o mewn gwirionedd. Mae o'n ddatganiad mor od ac annisgwyl yn y cyd-destun dŷn ni ynddo fo yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd, mae'n fy nharo i efallai mai camgymeriad ydy o, beth bynnag. Felly -