English: Thank you very much, Llywydd, and thank you for the opportunity to open the debate on group 4. Supporting amendment 43 would add the sentence 'The History of Wales in all of its diversity, including Black and People of Colour History' to the list of mandatory elements within the areas of learning and experience. It would be in addition to what we've just been discussing, namely relationship and sexuality education, and be in addition to RVE also as mandatory elements on the face of the Bill. Supporting amendment 44 would make it a requirement for the 'what matters' code to note how an understanding of key historical events of Wales and the world would be provided across AoLEs. During our Stage 2 debate, the Minister quite fairly highlighted the fact that the history of Wales is not a matter for humanities alone, and amendment 44 recognises that point, making an understanding of the key historical events, in all their diversity, a cross-curricular issue. Amendments 46, 47 and 48 would make it a requirement for every curriculum in every school to be planned in order to allow pupils to develop a common understanding of the diverse history, cultural heritage, ethnic diversity, identities, experiences and perspectives of Wales. So, following on from the Stage 2 amendments, we've listened to the advice of the education Minister and have changed our approach in seeking to deliver our objectives. In rejecting these amendments, it will not be possible to provide consistency and assurance that every pupil in Wales will have the experience of learning about the rich and diverse history of our nation. The Children and Young People Committee, in its report on the Bill, has noted that the Government needs to strike the right balance between local flexibility and consistency at a national level. Ensuring that every pupil in Wales learnt about key historical events of national significance would help them to become informed citizens with cultural and political information, which would be crucial, and I believe that including this on the face of the Bill would strike that right balance between the need for consistency at the national level and flexibility at the local level. The amendments would also secure equal access to education in history, which is crucial to ensure equality in education across Wales. In order to help tackle structural injustice and racism and to promote racial and cultural diversity, we must secure education for all pupils on the history of black people and people of colour. And by ensuring that Welsh history has a statutory basis in the Bill, we can ensure that teachers are able access the necessary information about Welsh history, providing the necessary guidance in order to support teachers and to develop their confidence in teaching a subject that can be complex, but one that is crucial, just as we've discussed in relation to RSE. We need major structural change to tackle racism, and we need to promote identities and diversity within Wales to be a cross-curricular theme that deserves the same status and consistency of approach as other areas. The Minister's argument is likely to be that the Bill provides a framework without much detail, but she does argue that certain issues need clarity and specific focus, and that's her argument for including RSE on the face of the Bill. My argument is that that is also entirely appropriate in terms of the addition of the history of Wales in all of its diversity. And the fact that RSE and RVE are included on the face of the Bill does open the door to the addition of other issues of national importance too - issues that can be transformational in their nature, and for the very same reasons as we have discussed in relation to RSE. I would therefore assert that there is a lack of rationality in terms of rejecting this as a mandatory element and, therefore, that the Bill is deficient because it is not consistent in that regard. Thank you, Llywydd. I look forward to hearing the debate and the response.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Llywydd, a diolch am y cyfle i agor y drafodaeth ar grŵp 4. Mi fyddai cefnogi gwelliant 43 yn ychwanegu'r frawddeg 'Hanes Cymru yn ei holl amrywiaeth, gan gynnwys Hanes Pobl Dduon a Phobl Groenliw' i'r rhestr o elfennau gorfodol o fewn yr ardaloedd dysgu a phrofiad. Byddai'n ychwanegol at yr hyn rydym ni newydd fod yn ei drafod, sef addysg cydberthynas a rhywioldeb, ac mi fyddai'n ychwanegol at grefydd, gwerthoedd a moeseg fel elfennau mandadol ar wyneb y Bil. Mi fyddai cefnogi gwelliant 44 yn ei gwneud hi'n ofynnol i god 'yr hyn sy'n bwysig' nodi sut y bydd dealltwriaeth o ddigwyddiadau hanesyddol allweddol Cymru a'r byd yn cael ei sicrhau ar draws meysydd dysgu a phrofiad. Yn ystod ein trafodaeth ni yng Nghyfnod 2, fe dynnodd y Gweinidog sylw'n ddigon teg at y ffaith nad mater i'r dyniaethau yn unig ydy hanes Cymru, ac mae gwelliant 44 yn cydnabod hynny, gan wneud dealltwriaeth o brif ddigwyddiadau hanes, yn eu holl amrywiaeth, yn fater trawsgwricwlaidd. Mi fyddai gwelliannau 46, 47 a 48 yn rhoi rheidrwydd ar i bob cwricwlwm ym mhob ysgol gael eu cynllunio i alluogi disgyblion i ddatblygu dealltwriaeth gyffredin o hanes amrywiol, treftadaeth ddiwylliannol, amrywiaeth ethnig, hunaniaethau a safbwyntiau Cymru. Felly, yn dilyn Cyfnod 2, fe welwch ein bod ni wedi gwrando ar gyngor y Gweinidog Addysg ac wedi penderfynu newid ein dull ni o geisio cael Wil i'w wely. O wrthod y gwelliannau yma, fydd hi ddim yn bosib rhoi cysondeb a sicrwydd y bydd pob plentyn yng Nghymru yn cael y profiad o ddysgu am hanes cyfoethog ac amrywiol ein gwlad ni. Mae'r Pwyllgor Plant a Phobl Ifanc, yn ei adroddiad ar y Bil, wedi nodi bod angen i'r Llywodraeth daro'r cydbwysedd cywir rhwng hyblygrwydd lleol a chysondeb cenedlaethol. Byddai sicrhau bod pob disgybl yng Nghymru yn cael dysgu am ddigwyddiadau hanesyddol allweddol o arwyddocâd cenedlaethol yn eu helpu nhw i ddod yn ddinasyddion gwybodus gyda gwybodaeth ddiwylliannol a gwleidyddol hanfodol, a dwi'n credu y byddai cynnwys hyn ar wyneb y Bil yn taro'r cydbwysedd cywir yna rhwng yr angen am gysondeb cenedlaethol a'r angen am hyblygrwydd lleol. Mi fyddai'r gwelliannau hefyd yn sicrhau mynediad cyfartal i addysg hanes, sy'n hanfodol i sicrhau cydraddoldeb addysg ar draws Cymru. Er mwyn helpu mynd i'r afael ag anghyfiawnderau strwythurol a hiliaeth a hyrwyddo amrywiaeth hiliol a diwylliannol, mae'n rhaid gwarantu addysg i bob disgybl ar hanes pobl dduon a phobl o liw. A drwy sicrhau bod gan hanes Cymru sylfaen statudol yn y Bil, fe allwn ni sicrhau bod athrawon yn gallu cael gafael ar y wybodaeth angenrheidiol am hanes Cymru, gan ddarparu canllawiau angenrheidiol a defnyddiol i gefnogi athrawon a meithrin eu hyder nhw mewn addysgu pwnc sy'n gallu bod yn gymhleth, yn anghyfarwydd, ond eto yn hanfodol, yn union fel rydym ni wedi ei ddadlau efo addysg cydberthynas a rhywioldeb. Mae angen newid strwythurol mawr i daclo hiliaeth, ac mae angen dyrchafu hunaniaethau ac amrywiaeth Cymru i fod yn thema addysgol drawsgwricwlaidd sy'n haeddu'r un statws a chysondeb â meysydd eraill. Dadl y Gweinidog, mae'n debyg, ydy mai fframwaith heb fanylder ydy'r Bil yma, ac eto mae hi'n dadlau bod angen i rai materion gael eglurder a ffocws penodol, a dyna'i dadl hi dros gynnwys addysg cydberthynas a rhyw ar wyneb y Bil. Fy nadl i ydy bod hynny yn hollol briodol hefyd o ran ychwanegu hanes Cymru yn ei holl amrywiaeth. Mae'r ffaith bod addysg cydberthynas a rhyw, a chrefydd a moeseg, wedi cael eu cynnwys ar wyneb y Bil yn agor y drws at ychwanegu materion o bwys cenedlaethol eraill hefyd - materion sydd yn gallu bod yn drawsffurfiol eu natur, ac am union yr un rhesymau rydyn ni wedi bod yn eu trafod efo addysg cydberthynas a rhyw. Felly, dwi'n honni heddiw fod yna ddiffyg rhesymegol yn y dadleuon dros wrthod cynnwys hwn fel elfen fandadol ac, felly, fod y Bil yn ddiffygiol oherwydd nad ydy o'n gyson. Diolch, Llywydd. Fe wnaf i edrych ymlaen at glywed y dadleuon a'r ymateb.