English: Can I thank the Cabinet Secretary for the statement and can I join others in thanking Sir Ian and his panel for the work they did? Can I also thank her predecessor, Huw Lewis, who actually was one of the leading instigators of this? We've got to recognise the work he put into that as well. Cabinet Secretary, you've answered many questions today, so I'll try and keep mine as short as possible. My constituents in Aberavon are faced by very many difficulties. In fact, we undertook a survey of those who'd applied to higher education in Neath Port Talbot and we found that, in Aberavon, there were far fewer students going to HE than in Neath. It could be a consequence of some of the challenges they would have faced in living costs. I very much appreciate the work that's gone on to actually support those students from more deprived areas to have that ability to go in. But, can I move on to part-time study, which is one of my concerns? I've always been interested in part-time study. I very much appreciate the move into supporting part-time study. I think it's important that we help those in work and those who are seeking to go into work or change to a different direction to actually get those qualifications. But, can you clarify a couple of points for me, please? Will it be part-time based upon modules or credits, on that basis? Because it is important, as some only do certain modules per year, or you, for example, may only do one module per year. Are we looking at that? Will existing part-time students who have never had any support in that sense, unlike full-time graduates, be able to benefit from this straight away? So, if they're already in a programme, will they be able to benefit from that straight away? I'm a little bit concerned in case we also perhaps give some unscrupulous employers opportunities to say, 'Ah, you'll get funding from the Welsh Government now for this.' Will you be monitoring closely the former employer contributions to make sure we don't, sort of, cover their costs that they're now backtracking on, to ensure that they still continue to support their employees who are going through part-time study? Also, it says in here, in the executive summary, 'The more moderate fee for part-time students should be topped-up with institutional learning and teaching grants for universities and higher education providers'. Could you indicate what the allocation will be actually to provide that top-up support? 'The overall funding system for part-time students should not be restricted by credit thresholds'. Can you clarify again what you mean by 'credit thresholds' in that sense? It also indicates that a part-time student should not be penalised for any prior study. Will that apply to full-time students as well? Because many full-time students may actually go back. I know of an individual who graduated as an engineer, spent 10 years working as an engineer, decided to go and change pathways, went back to study medicine and has been practising as a GP for many years since. Again, that applies, you know - . So, if you apply it to one route of part-time, are you going to apply it to full-time as well? I appreciate also the emphasis on part-time taught Master's and part-time research, and I note again that there are discussions as to the tripartite approach to supporting 150 research students. Have you had discussions with industry, because they're one of the ones discussed as a third party - Welsh Government, universities and other funders, which I assume will be industry? What discussions have you had with industry to be that third party in funding those research students? I also welcome and support the continued emphasis on HEFCW putting money into research, because greater research is important. We know, many times, we have not worked to our level in the funding grant we're receiving from our funding councils. This is important, that we continue to fund our universities, so that we can get to that level and get more funding from the research councils.
Welsh: A gaf i ddiolch i Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet am y datganiad ac ymuno ag eraill wrth ddiolch i Syr Ian a'i banel am y gwaith a wnaethant? A gaf i ddiolch hefyd i'w ragflaenydd, Huw Lewis, a oedd mewn gwirionedd yn un o'r bobl a oedd yn flaenllaw yn hyn? Mae'n rhaid i ni gydnabod ei waith ef hefyd. Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet, rydych wedi ateb llawer o gwestiynau heddiw, felly byddaf yn ceisio cadw fy rhai i mor gryno ag sy'n bosibl. Mae fy etholwyr yn Aberafan yn wynebu llawer iawn o anawsterau. Yn wir, cynhaliwyd arolwg o'r rhai a oedd wedi gwneud cais am addysg uwch yng Nghastell-nedd Port Talbot a gwelsom, yn Aberafan, fod llai o fyfyrwyr o lawer yn mynd i Addysg Uwch nag yng Nghastell-nedd. Gallai fod yn ganlyniad i rai o'r heriau y byddent wedi eu hwynebu o ran costau byw. Rwyf yn gwerthfawrogi yn fawr iawn y gwaith sydd wedi ei wneud i gefnogi'r myfyrwyr hynny o ardaloedd mwy difreintiedig i gael mynediad i addysg uwch. Ond, a gaf i barhau trwy sôn am astudio'n rhan-amser, sef un o'm mhryderon? Rwyf wedi bod â diddordeb mewn astudio rhan-amser erioed. Rwyf yn gwerthfawrogi'n fawr iawn y bwriad i gefnogi astudiaethau rhan-amser. Rwy'n credu ei bod yn bwysig ein bod yn helpu'r rhai sydd mewn gwaith a'r rhai sy'n ceisio cael gwaith neu newid i gyfeiriad gwahanol i gael y cymwysterau hynny mewn gwirionedd. Ond, a wnewch chi egluro un neu ddau o bwyntiau i mi, os gwelwch yn dda? A fydd hyn yn rhan-amser ar sail modiwlau neu gredydau, ar y sail honno? Oherwydd mae hyn yn bwysig, gan fod rhai dim yn gwneud modiwlau penodol yn unig bob blwyddyn, neu mae modd, er enghraifft, gwneud un modiwl y flwyddyn yn unig. A ydym yn ystyried hynny? A fydd myfyrwyr rhan-amser presennol nad ydynt erioed wedi cael unrhyw gymorth yn yr ystyr honno, yn wahanol i raddedigion amser llawn, yn cael elwa ar hyn ar unwaith? Felly, os ydynt eisoes mewn rhaglen, a fyddant yn cael elwa ar hynny ar unwaith? Rwyf yn bryderus braidd rhag i ni hefyd efallai roi cyfleoedd i rai cyflogwyr diegwyddor ddweud, 'Byddwch yn cael cyllid gan Lywodraeth Cymru am hyn nawr.' A fyddwch yn monitro yn ofalus gyfraniadau blaenorol cyflogwyr i sicrhau nad ydym, i raddau, yn talu eu costau nhw y maent bellach yn eu hailfeddwl, er mwyn sicrhau eu bod yn parhau i gefnogi eu gweithwyr sy'n astudio'n rhan-amser? Hefyd, mae'n dweud yn fan hyn, yn y crynodeb gweithredol, 'Dylai'r ffi fwy cymedrol ar gyfer myfyrwyr rhan-amser gael ei hategu gan grantiau dysgu ac addysgu sefydliadol i brifysgolion a darparwyr addysg uwch.' Allech chi nodi beth fydd y dyraniad mewn gwirionedd er mwyn darparu'r cymorth ategol? 'Ni ddylai'r system gyllido gyffredinol ar gyfer myfyrwyr rhan-amser gael ei chyfyngu gan drothwyon credyd'. A wnewch chi egluro unwaith eto beth yr ydych yn ei olygu gan 'drothwyon credyd' yn yr ystyr hwnnw? Mae hefyd yn nodi na ddylai myfyriwr rhan-amser gael ei gosbi am unrhyw astudio blaenorol. A fydd hynny yn berthnasol i fyfyrwyr llawn amser hefyd? Oherwydd gallai llawer o fyfyrwyr llawn amser fynd yn ôl mewn gwirionedd. Gwn am unigolyn a raddiodd fel peiriannydd, ac a dreuliodd 10 mlynedd yn gweithio fel peiriannydd, cyn penderfynu newid llwybr gyrfa. Aeth yn ôl i astudio meddygaeth, ac mae wedi bod yn gweithio fel meddyg teulu am flynyddoedd lawer ers hynny. Unwaith eto, mae hynny'n gymwys, wyddoch chi - . Felly, os byddwch yn ei gymhwyso i un llwybr rhan-amser, a fyddwch yn ei gymhwyso i lwybr llawn amser hefyd? Rwyf hefyd yn gwerthfawrogi'r pwyslais ar radd Feistr a addysgir yn rhan-amser ac ymchwil rhan-amser, a nodaf eto fod trafodaethau ar waith ynghylch y dull tair rhan i gefnogi 150 o fyfyrwyr ymchwil. A ydych wedi trafod hyn â diwydiant, gan ei fod yn un o'r rhai a drafodwyd fel trydydd parti - Llywodraeth Cymru, prifysgolion ac arianwyr eraill, yr wyf yn tybio mai diwydiant fydd hwnnw? Pa drafodaethau yr ydych chi wedi'u cael â diwydiant o ran iddo fod y trydydd parti hwnnw sy'n ariannu'r myfyrwyr ymchwil hynny? Rwyf hefyd yn croesawu ac yn cefnogi'r pwyslais parhaus ar CCAUC yn ariannu ymchwil, gan fod mwy o ymchwil yn bwysig. Rydym yn gwybod nad ydym, lawer o weithiau, wedi gweithio i lefel y grant cyllid yr ydym yn ei gael gan ein cynghorau cyllido. Mae hyn yn bwysig, ein bod ni'n parhau i ariannu ein prifysgolion, er mwyn i ni allu cyrraedd y lefel honno a chael rhagor o arian gan y cynghorau ymchwil.