English: I want to talk about a more rational estimate of housing need. And here, I do, at least, commend the Welsh Government for commissioning an effective report that really looked at this, and I refer to the 'Future Need and Demand for Housing in Wales', which was authored by the late Professor Holmans. That report estimated that Wales needs up to 240,000 new housing units between 2011 and 2031, or 12,000 new units annually. That 12,000 figure is nearly double the number we delivered in 2015-16. So, we're barely constructing 50 per cent of the new homes that we really need to see if we are going to improve our housing position. But this - what is known as the alternative projection - has been rejected by the Welsh Government. So, they commissioned an alternative projection and they have rejected it. I do think we need to know why that is the case. So, we're in a situation that, by 2031, even if the Welsh Government succeeds in meeting its own targets - and I've indicated that it's 10 years ago since it met one of its own, or nearly 10 years ago since it met its own target - there will be a shortfall of some 66,000 homes in Wales. I do think this is shocking. Previous generations would be absolutely amazed by this complacency and failure. After the first world war, after the second world war, in the great reforming Labour Government, health and housing were seen as the central social objectives. I think it's time for us now to state the alternative projection has to be our basis for calculating housing need. Of course, more houses need more land. It is important, I think, that we identify and make available land for development. The UK Government has pledged to introduce brownfield registers as part of their own housing strategy. Local authorities in England will have to produce and maintain publicly available registers of brownfield sites, and these will be made available to house builders who are seeking to identify suitable sites for new homes. The UK Government has backed this policy up by promising significant funding for brownfield development, because, obviously, the sites very often have to be thoroughly cleaned. By comparison, the Welsh Government has taken a very weak stance on this aspect of housing policy. Its guidance merely says that brownfield sites should, wherever possible, be used in preference. Well, I agree with that, but it's giving no encouragement for the identification of suitable sites or providing the resources to clean the land. As Edwina Hart confirmed in the fourth Assembly, no money was made available to councils for this purpose by the Welsh Government. It's just astonishing. As the Residential Landlords Association has stated, the selling of derelict land has multiple positive effects in increasing the potential for homeownership, both social and private, increasing revenue for local authorities through council tax, and leading to many more opportunities for supporting small-scale local businesses. On that point, I do want to remind people of how economically vital house building is. We've seen the decline of the SME sector in this area, and that's been a real problem. If you look at the previous decades when there was a lot of house building - the 1930s and 1950s in particular, and 1970s as well - the SME sector was really, really key to that success. We've pretty much lost that in Wales, and it has to be said that's happened in other parts of the UK - it's not exclusively a Welsh problem - but that part of the sector needs to be brought back in. It's an excellent multiplier and would increase enterprise generated within Wales. For that, we need to increase the number of potential employees trained with the appropriate vocational skills in construction, and, again, this needs key partnership with further education and a better vocational offer in general to those 14 or 18-year-olds in particular that are perhaps looking in this area for future employment. It is very, very important that we do that as quickly as possible. One of the additional things that I want to bring to this debate is that we need to think more creatively as well. In the design of the urban environment, I think we need a bit of a revolution in making them user-friendly places and seeing pedestrians and cyclists being much more protected, and also the recreational opportunities for people in urban spaces. But I do think we need higher density housing as an option, because providing family units is going to be a real challenge if the old model of more suburbs of semi-detached houses and gardens is going to be the way forward. On the continent, high-density housing does not mean high-rise buildings. There are many good examples now of high-density, attractive family accommodation. For instance, in Amsterdam, there is the Borneo Sporenburg development in a docklands, which looks at three-storey patio houses, which are designed in particular to be attractive spaces for young families and provide general space for occupants outside as well, with many shared facilities. I think that would really be effective. We need really good play facilities and recreation facilities, and I referred the Minister to the work of the London Assembly's planning committee in this area, and there are many other examples of family-friendly, high-density housing that could be very, very attractive as part of the solution. Can I just say, Chair, in conclusion that we need new ambition? Housing is a basic need, and it's vital for our health, and the development rights of children in particular, in appropriate family housing. By increasing vocational skills in the construction sector rapidly, we can create the conditions for a major expansion in house building. We should be aiming for a house building rate of at least 12,000 new units a year, and, in some years, when capacity allows, that target should be 15,000 houses to make up for the wasted years. Our aim should be simple and ambitious: homes for all.
Welsh: Rwyf eisiau siarad am amcangyfrif mwy rhesymegol o anghenion tai. Ac yma, rwyf o leiaf yn canmol Llywodraeth Cymru am gomisiynu adroddiad effeithiol a edrychodd ar hyn yn iawn, ac rwy'n cyfeirio at yr adroddiad 'Future Need and Demand for Housing in Wales', a luniwyd gan y diweddar Athro Holmans. Roedd yr adroddiad hwnnw'n amcangyfrif bod Cymru angen hyd at 240,000 o unedau tai newydd rhwng 2011 a 2031, neu 12,000 o unedau newydd bob blwyddyn. Mae'r ffigur hwnnw o 12,000 bron yn ddwbl y nifer a ddarparwyd gennym yn 2015-16. Felly, prin ein bod yn adeiladu 50 y cant o'r cartrefi newydd sydd eu hangen arnom yn ddybryd os ydym am wella ein sefyllfa dai. Ond mae hwn - yr hyn a elwir yn amcanestyniad amgen - wedi cael ei wrthod gan Lywodraeth Cymru. Felly, aethant ati i gomisiynu amcanestyniad amgen ac maent wedi ei wrthod. Rwy'n credu bod angen i ni wybod pam y maent wedi gwneud hynny. Felly, rydym mewn sefyllfa, erbyn 2031, hyd yn oed os yw Llywodraeth Cymru yn llwyddo i gyrraedd ei thargedau ei hun - ac rwyf wedi nodi bod 10 mlynedd ers iddi gyrraedd un o'i thargedau ei hun, neu bron i 10 mlynedd ers iddi gyrraedd ei tharged ei hun - bydd diffyg o oddeutu 66,000 o gartrefi yng Nghymru. Credaf fod hyn yn frawychus. Byddai cenedlaethau blaenorol yn rhyfeddu'n llwyr at yr hunanfodlonrwydd a'r methiant hwn. Ar ôl y rhyfel byd cyntaf, ar ôl yr ail ryfel byd, a diwygio mawr y Llywodraeth Lafur, roedd iechyd a thai yn cael eu gweld fel yr amcanion cymdeithasol canolog. Rwy'n credu ei bod bellach yn bryd i ni ddatgan bod yn rhaid i'r amcanestyniad amgen fod yn sail ar gyfer cyfrifo'r angen am dai. Wrth gwrs, mae angen mwy o dir er mwyn cael mwy o dai. Rwy'n credu ei bod yn bwysig inni nodi a sicrhau bod tir ar gael i'w ddatblygu. Mae Llywodraeth y DU wedi addo cyflwyno cofrestri tir llwyd fel rhan o'u strategaeth dai eu hunain. Bydd yn rhaid i awdurdodau lleol yn Lloegr gynhyrchu a chynnal cofrestri safleoedd tir llwyd a fydd ar gael i'r cyhoedd, a bydd y rhain ar gael i adeiladwyr tai sy'n ceisio nodi safleoedd addas ar gyfer cartrefi newydd. Mae Llywodraeth y DU wedi cefnogi'r polisi hwn drwy addo cyllid sylweddol ar gyfer datblygu tir llwyd, oherwydd, yn amlwg, mae'n rhaid clirio'r safleoedd yn drylwyr yn aml iawn. Mewn cymhariaeth, mae safbwynt Llywodraeth Cymru ar yr agwedd hon ar bolisi tai wedi bod yn wan iawn. Nid yw ei chanllawiau ond yn dweud y dylid ffafrio defnyddio safleoedd tir llwyd, lle bynnag y bo'n bosibl. Wel, rwy'n cytuno â hynny, ond nid oes unrhyw anogaeth i nodi safleoedd addas neu ddarparu'r adnoddau ar gyfer clirio'r tir. Fel y cadarnhaodd Edwina Hart yn y Pedwerydd Cynulliad, ni ryddhaodd Llywodraeth Cymru unrhyw arian i gynghorau i'r diben hwn. Mae'n rhyfeddol. Fel y mae'r Gymdeithas Landlordiaid Preswyl wedi'i ddatgan, mae gwerthu tir diffaith yn arwain at nifer o effeithiau cadarnhaol o ran cynyddu'r potensial ar gyfer perchentyaeth gymdeithasol a phreifat, gan gynyddu'r refeniw i awdurdodau lleol drwy'r dreth gyngor, ac arwain at lawer mwy o gyfleoedd ar gyfer cefnogi busnesau bach lleol. Ar y pwynt hwnnw, rwy'n awyddus i atgoffa pobl o ba mor allweddol yn economaidd yw adeiladu tai. Rydym wedi gweld dirywiad y sector busnesau bach a chanolig yn y maes hwn, ac mae honno wedi bod yn broblem go iawn. Os edrychwch ar y degawdau blaenorol pan oedd llawer o dai'n cael eu hadeiladu - y 1930au a'r 1950au yn arbennig, a'r 1970au yn ogystal - roedd y sector busnesau bach a chanolig yn wirioneddol allweddol i'r llwyddiant hwnnw. Rydym wedi colli hynny yng Nghymru i bob pwrpas, ac mae'n rhaid dweud bod hynny wedi digwydd mewn rhannau eraill o'r DU - nid problem Gymreig yn unig ydyw - ond mae angen dod â'r rhan honno o'r sector yn ôl i mewn. Mae'n lluosydd ardderchog a byddai'n cynyddu menter a gynhyrchir yng Nghymru. Er mwyn gwneud hynny, mae angen i ni gynyddu nifer y darpar weithwyr a hyfforddir gyda'r sgiliau galwedigaethol priodol ym maes adeiladu, ac unwaith eto, geilw hyn am bartneriaeth allweddol gydag addysg bellach a chynnig galwedigaethol gwell yn gyffredinol i bobl ifanc 14 neu 18 oed yn arbennig sydd efallai'n edrych am waith yn y maes hwn yn y dyfodol. Mae'n bwysig tu hwnt ein bod yn gwneud hynny cyn gynted ag y bo modd. Un o'r pethau ychwanegol rwy'n awyddus i'w cyflwyno yn y ddadl hon yw bod angen i ni feddwl yn fwy creadigol hefyd. O ran dylunio'r amgylchedd trefol, rwy'n credu ein bod angen tipyn o chwyldro i'w gwneud yn llefydd hawdd eu defnyddio a gweld cerddwyr a beicwyr yn cael eu diogelu'n llawer gwell, a hefyd y cyfleoedd hamdden ar gyfer pobl mewn mannau trefol. Ond rwy'n credu ein bod angen tai dwysedd uwch fel opsiwn, oherwydd mae darparu unedau teuluol yn mynd i fod yn her wirioneddol os mai'r hen fodel o ragor o faestrefi â thai pâr a gerddi yw'r ffordd ymlaen yn mynd i fod. Ar y cyfandir, nid yw tai dwysedd uwch yn golygu adeiladau uchel. Mae llawer o enghreifftiau da bellach o gartrefi dwysedd uchel deniadol i deuluoedd. Er enghraifft, yn Amsterdam, mae datblygiad Borneo Sporenburg yn ardal y dociau, sy'n edrych ar dai patio tri llawr, a gynlluniwyd yn benodol i fod yn lleoedd deniadol i deuluoedd ifanc a darparu gofod cyffredinol yn yr awyr agored ar gyfer y deiliaid hefyd, gyda llawer o gyfleusterau'n cael eu rhannu. Rwy'n credu y byddai hynny'n effeithiol iawn. Rydym angen cyfleusterau chwarae a chyfleusterau hamdden da iawn, ac rwyf wedi cyfeirio'r Gweinidog at waith pwyllgor cynllunio Cynulliad Llundain yn y maes hwn, a cheir llawer o enghreifftiau eraill o dai dwysedd uchel sy'n ystyriol o deuluoedd a allai fod yn ddeniadol tu hwnt fel rhan o'r ateb. A gaf fi ddweud i gloi, Cadeirydd, fod angen uchelgais newydd arnom? Mae tai yn angen sylfaenol, ac mae'n hanfodol i'n hiechyd, a hawliau datblygiad plant yn arbennig, mewn tai teuluol priodol. Drwy gynyddu sgiliau galwedigaethol yn y sector adeiladu yn gyflym, gallwn greu'r amodau ar gyfer ehangu sylweddol ym maes adeiladu tai. Dylem fod yn anelu at gyfradd adeiladu tai o 12,000 o unedau newydd y flwyddyn fan lleiaf, ac mewn rhai blynyddoedd, pan fydd capasiti'n caniatáu, dylid codi'r targed hwnnw i 15,000 o dai i wneud iawn am y blynyddoedd a wastraffwyd. Dylai ein nod fod yn syml ac yn uchelgeisiol: cartrefi i bawb.