English: Thank you, Dirprwy Lywydd, and I'll give a minute of my time to Heledd Fychan. I grew up in Gwent, and I would go shopping in Newport. The famous mural that told the story of the Chartists, which now, unfortunately, has been destroyed, was a wonder to me. I learnt of their battle and their sacrifice through the graphic and dramatic images of that mural. I would insist on being told the story by my parents every time I passed, and I was encouraged to learn more about the history of my area and my nation, and about the battle of the ordinary people of Wales for a voice in the way in which their lives and society were governed. Yes, children and young people can be inspired, and we can fire their enthusiasm for ideas and campaigns, such as those of the Chartists, and that can be done in many ways: seeing public art or a theatrical performance; reading books about young campaigners, such as Greta Thunberg or Malala; seeing protests by young campaigners for Cymdeithas yr Iaith and Black Lives Matter. But it is in school, of course, that we can best ensure that our young people are introduced to politics in all its forms, and the way in which these ideas influence society and generate change. Including Welsh history in all its diversity, and political education, as mandatory elements in the humanities area of learning and experience in the new curriculum will certainly be a means of encouraging this. And there have been many calls in recent years, particularly as we decided to give the vote to those at 16 years of age, for a better framework, and more consistent and complete provision, to ensure meaningful and standardised political education for all. It's crucial that we enable our young people to understand the way in which policy ideas, ideology and systems of government create the society and the world that they live in, and how they can have a voice, express a view and play a part in the democratic process, and to appreciate and understand why that's important, so that they understand that they do have power. There's no need for me to rehearse those arguments now because they have been partially accepted, at last. And I welcome the reference in the annual report on the Curriculum for Wales, published at the beginning of the month, about supporting learners to exercise their democratic rights, and to make political decisions, in order to nurture an understanding of the way in which systems of government in Wales work, as a central element of this area of learning and experience. So, change for the better is afoot, and I welcome that. But - and I think this is an important 'but', and a 'but' that's worth raising in the Chamber this afternoon - what's being provided at the moment in our education system is inadequate, it's not consistent across Wales and it's not acceptable, therefore, if we truly want to empower our young people to raise their voices and generate change. We must bear in mind that no pupil in year 7 or older at the moment will be educated under the new curriculum. We must not forget those young people. And we must bear in mind that the Westminster elections and the Senedd elections will happen within the next five years, and hundreds of young people will turn 16 before that point. That is why I want to see an improvement in political education being addressed by Government now. There are also concerns that the plans in the new curriculum aren't on the firmest of foundations, and I will mention that in just a moment.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Dirprwy Lywydd, ac fe fyddaf yn rhoi munud o fy amser i Heledd Fychan. Fe dyfais i lan yng Ngwent, ac i Gasnewydd y byddem ni'n mynd i siopa. Roedd y murlun enwog a oedd yn adrodd hanes y Siartwyr, sydd nawr bellach, yn anffodus, wedi'i chwalu, yn destun rhyfeddod i fi. Dysgais i am eu brwydr a'u haberth drwy ddelweddau graffig a dramatig y murlun. Byddwn yn mynnu cael yr hanes gan fy rhieni bob tro y byddem yn pasio, ac fe'm sbardunodd i ddysgu mwy am hanes fy mro a'm cenedl, ac am frwydr pobl gyffredin Cymru dros gael llais yn y modd yr oedd eu bywydau a'u cymdeithas yn cael eu rheoli. Oes, mae modd ysbrydoli plant a phobl ifanc a thanio'u hangerdd a'u chwilfrydedd dros syniadau ac ymgyrchoedd, fel rhai y Siartwyr, a hynny drwy bob math o ffyrdd: gweld celf gyhoeddus neu berfformiad theatr; darllen llyfrau am ymgyrchwyr ifanc, fel Greta Thunberg neu Malala; gweld protestiadau ymgyrchwyr ifanc Cymdeithas yr Iaith ac Mae Bywydau Du o Bwys. Ond yn yr ysgol, wrth gwrs, mae modd sicrhau orau fod ein pobl ifanc yn cael eu cyflwyno i wleidyddiaeth yn ei holl ffurfiau, a'r modd y mae'r syniadau yma yn dylanwadu ar gymdeithas ac yn creu newid. Bydd cynnwys hanes Cymru yn ei holl amrywiaeth, ac addysg wleidyddol, fel elfennau mandadol ym maes dysgu a phrofiad y dyniaethau yn y cwricwlwm yn sicr yn fodd o annog hyn. Achos fe fu galwadau lu a chroch yn y blynyddoedd diwethaf, yn enwedig wrth inni benderfynu rhoi'r bleidlais i bobl 16 oed, am fframwaith gwell, a darpariaeth fwy cyson a chyflawn, i sicrhau addysg wleidyddol bwrpasol a safonol i bawb. Mae'n hanfodol ein bod yn galluogi ein pobl ifanc i ddeall y modd y mae syniadau polisi, ideoleg a systemau llywodraethu yn creu'r gymdeithas a'r byd y maent yn rhan ohonynt, a sut gallant gael llais, mynegi barn a chwarae eu rhan yn y broses ddemocrataidd, a sylweddoli a gwerthfawrogi pam fod hynny'n bwysig, iddynt ddeall bod ganddynt rym. Does dim angen imi ailadrodd y dadleuon hynny nawr am eu bod wedi'u derbyn yn rhannol, o'r diwedd. Ac rwy'n croesawu'n fawr, felly, y cyfeiriad yn yr adroddiad blynyddol ar y Cwricwlwm i Gymru, a gyhoeddwyd ddechrau'r mis, at gefnogi dysgwyr i arddel eu hawliau democrataidd, a gwneud penderfyniadau gwleidyddol, er mwyn meithrin dealltwriaeth o'r ffordd mae systemau llywodraethu yng Nghymru yn gweithio, fel elfen ganolog o'r maes dysgu a phrofiad hwn. Felly, mae newid er gwell ar droed ac rwy'n croesawu hynny. Ond - ac mae hwn, dwi'n meddwl, yn 'ond' mawr, ac yn 'ond' sy'n werth ei godi yn y Siambr y prynhawn uma - nid yw'r hyn sy'n cael ei ddarparu ar hyn o bryd yn ein system addysg yn ddigonol, yn gyson dros Gymru nac yn dderbyniol, felly, os ydym wir am rymuso ein pobl ifanc i fedru codi llais a chreu newid. Rhaid cofio na fydd unrhyw ddisgybl sydd ym mlwyddyn 7 neu uwch ar hyn o bryd yn cael ei addysgu o dan y cwricwlwm newydd. Rhaid inni beidio ag anghofio am y bobl ifanc hynny. A rhaid cofio y bydd etholiad San Steffan a'r Senedd yn digwydd o fewn y pum mlynedd nesaf, a bydd cannoedd o bobl ifanc yn troi'n 16 cyn hynny. Dyna pam rwyf am weld gwella addysg wleidyddol yn cael sylw'r Llywodraeth nawr. Mae yna hefyd bryderon nad yw'r cynlluniau yn y cwricwlwm newydd ar y seiliau mwyaf cadarn, ac fe soniaf am hynny yn y man.