English: Well, on one level, those principles are ones that all legislation creating a new body has to tackle. So, this is a familiar context for what the Government does in establishing an arm's-length body. The starting point, I would suggest, is this: if we as a Government wanted to keep those powers, we wouldn't be proposing the Bill. So, that's the starting point in terms of our approach to the question. The creation of the new body is going to ensure that significant powers and responsibility and funding will be with the new body. This will be the biggest body, I believe, outside the Welsh Government, apart from the health service, in terms of the magnitude of the budget and the impact. Therefore, we need - I am sure that everyone agrees with the broad principle here - we need to strike a balance between freedom to operate on one hand and accountability on the other hand. I am certain that the committee wouldn't perceive it as being adequate if I appeared before you as Minister and said, 'Well, that's not my responsibility, it's the responsibility of the new body.' In terms of scrutiny and democratic accountability, we need a line between the actions of the commission and the role of the Minister for education in that regard. In terms of the specific point that you mentioned in your question, board appointments will happen on the basis of the open, transparent process that happens for public appointments, and Ministers in the Welsh Government will approve those. That already happens with HEFCW. We did respond to feedback that we had from stakeholders during the consultation asking us to remove from the Bill the powers to appoint the research committee appointees. So, we've done that. We also have powers, as we have at present, under the Learning and Skills Act 2000 to continue to fund some aspects of further and higher education. It's not a general power, it's a specific power that is tied to parts of the Education Reform Act 1988 and, on the whole, the focus of those powers is professional qualifications. If you look broadly at how the powers have been allocated - and this is a very broad look, so there are exceptions at the margins, just to be clear about that - the powers in terms of things that lead to specific qualifications lie within the scope of the work of the commission, and things that are in the field of employability are still within the Government's hands. So, that's the broad allocation. So, if you look, for example, at Jobs Growth Wales and Working Wales, there are elements of those that require direct funding from the Welsh Government, and retaining those financial powers allows us to continue providing that kind of scheme.
Welsh: Wel, ar un lefel, mae'r egwyddorion hynny yn egwyddorion y mae pob deddfwriaeth sydd yn creu corff newydd yn gorfod mynd i'r afael â nhw. Felly, mae hwn yn gyd-destun bythol, os hoffwch chi, i'r hyn mae'r Llywodraeth yn gwneud wrth sefydlu corff hyd braich. Y man cychwyn, byddwn i'n awgrymu, yw hyn: pe byddem ni fel Llywodraeth eisiau cadw gafael ar y pwerau yma, byddem ni ddim yn cynnig y Bil. Felly, dyna'r man cychwyn o ran ein approach ni i'r cwestiwn. Mae creu'r corff newydd yn mynd i sicrhau bod pwerau a chyfrifoldeb ac ariannu sylweddol yn mynd i'r corff newydd. Hwn fydd y corff mwyaf, rwy'n credu, y tu allan i Lywodraeth Cymru, oni bai am y gwasanaeth iechyd, o ran maint y gyllideb a'r impact. Felly, mae angen - rwy'n sicr bod pawb yn cytuno â'r egwyddor bras yma - mae angen taro cydbwysedd wedyn rhwng rhyddid i weithredu ar yr un llaw ac atebolrwydd ar y llaw arall. Rwy'n gwbl sicr na fyddai'r pwyllgor yma yn ei weld yn ddigonol petaswn i'n dod o'ch blaen chi fel Gweinidog a dweud, 'Wel, nid fy nghyfrifoldeb i yw hwnnw, cyfrifoldeb y corff newydd yw e.' Mae angen bod, o ran craffu, o ran atebolrwydd democrataidd, llinell rhwng gweithredoedd y comisiwn a rôl y Gweinidog addysg yn hynny o beth. O ran y pwynt penodol roeddech chi'n sôn amdano yn eich cwestiwn, o ran apwyntiadau i'r bwrdd, bydd hynny'n digwydd ar sail y broses dryloyw, agored sydd yn digwydd ar gyfer apwyntiadau cyhoeddus, a bydd Gweinidogion Llywodraeth Cymru yn cytuno i hynny. Mae hynny eisoes yn digwydd, wrth gwrs, gyda HEFCW. Fe wnaethom ni ymateb i adborth gawsom ni gan randdeiliaid yn yr ymgynghoriad oedd yn gofyn i ni dynnu allan o'r Bil y pwerau i apwyntio aelodau'r pwyllgor ymchwil. Felly, rŷn ni wedi gwneud hynny. Mae gennym ni hefyd bwerau, fel sydd gyda ni ar hyn o bryd, o dan Ddeddf Dysgu a Sgiliau 2000 i barhau i ariannu rhai elfennau o addysg bellach ac addysg uwch. Dyw e ddim yn bŵer cyffredinol, mae e'n bŵer penodol sydd ynghlwm â rhannau o Ddeddf Diwygio Addysg 1988 ac, ar y cyfan, ffocws y pwerau hynny yw cymwysterau proffesiynol. Os edrychwch chi'n fras ar sut mae'r pwerau wedi'u dyrannu - ac mae hwn yn fras, felly mae eithriadau ar yr ymylon, jest i fod yn glir - mae'r pwerau o ran pethau sydd yn arwain at gymwysterau penodol yn gorwedd o fewn cwmpas gwaith y comisiwn, ac mae pethau sydd yn y maes employability yn dal yn nwylo y Llywodraeth. Felly, dyna'r dyraniad bras. Os edrychwch chi, er enghraifft, ar Jobs Growth Wales, gwaith Working Wales, mae elfennau o'r rheini sy'n gofyn am ariannu uniongyrchol gan Lywodraeth Cymru, ac mae cynnal y pwerau ariannu hynny felly yn caniatáu i ni barhau i ddarparu'r math yna o gynllun.