English: Well, going in reverse order, because that last one is very important indeed, I do think there's a real issue about teaching healthy relationships, in the context of gender stereotyping, and some of the cultural things that are going on in our society today. We are running several schemes across Wales, actually, pre-Donaldson, as you put it, and I went to see one run by Hafan Cymru only very recently. And the young woman running it was amazing, I have to say; I had the privilege of sitting through one of the sessions. But she told me, Deputy Presiding Officer, something that really cuts to every one of our hearts. Before the session - and this was for year 5 and year 6 students - she asked a mixed gender group whether boys or girls were better, and it will be no shock to anyone to know that the boys thought the boys were better and the girls thought the girls were better, because that's what you do. But then she asked the boys why they thought they were better, and they said that they thought that boys were better because they were stronger and better at sport. And then she asked the girls why they thought girls were better, and they couldn't come up with anything, which is really horrible, isn't it? I had the privilege of being there, so I asked them if they'd heard of Jessica Ennis, and I happened to have a photograph of her on my phone, because I'd been at a different event. And they had heard of Jessica Ennis, and I asked them if they thought she was both strong and good at sport and they agreed that she was. So, we had quite an interesting discussion about what that gender stereotype was about. But it was quite shocking to me that those young women wanted themselves to be better - if 'better' is the right word - but they couldn't actually come up with anything, because already at that young age they'd been subjected to such gender stereotyping that they struggled to say a characteristic that is associated with femaledom that is 'better'. This is not about being better, this is about every single human being being able to be the best person that they can be regardless. It's nothing to do with your gender. I happen to like mucking about with cars. My son happens to like cooking. Apparently, that's against the gender stereotype. Well, that was news to me when I was growing up and it's news to him as well. And that's the point, isn't it? So, we support in the Government a large number of these schemes. We support the campaign Let Toys be Toys, for example, where we don't encourage people to gender stereotype their toys. If you want, in your shop, to segregate your toys for ease of shopping, then do it by age appropriateness. I'm sure you all know my anecdote about stopping in a local shop in Swansea, and having a go at the manager and asking him what was in the aisle of boys' toys and girls' toys and telling him that he and I were going to have to go outside if there were engineering toys in one aisle and domestic appliances in the other. And he cordially invited me to have a cup of tea, while he checked and sorted it out. So, he wasn't too sure himself, is the point. In fairness, when I went back to that shop the next week, they'd organised it back into age, so, he took the point straight away. I was very grateful for that. But it shows you how pervasive this stuff is and how destructive it is of relationships. We know that domestic violence is driven by some of this gender stereotyping as people try to live in to roles that actually don't suit them and they are stressed by trying to do that. It's a very important part of that. In terms of some of the specific things she said, I was delighted to see that Bridgend College had won the award, and it is very well deserved. We have worked very hard to put some equality gender stereotyping awareness into some of the apprenticeship things and we have initiatives that encourage both boys and girls to take part in experiential learning across the gender divide - so, programming a robot, plaiting hair, planning childcare activities - for both genders simultaneously regardless, because, why not? And that's been very well received and very well taken up. Just in terms of returnships, it is worth mentioning the Sêr Cymru scheme at this point, which is now being copied by the UK Government - I'm always delighted when they do that for Wales. One very large part of the Sêr Cymru programme has been to encourage researchers who have gone out of research - usually because of a career break, but sometimes just because they've gone some place else - to come back in to science. And you'd be amazed to discover that about 95 per cent of those returnships are female, because they've taken career breaks and are coming back. So, we are on that, but I think there is undoubtedly a great deal more to do before we get anywhere near, unfortunately, gender equality.
Welsh: Wel, gan ddechrau â'r olaf yn gyntaf, oherwydd mae'r un olaf yna yn bwysig iawn, rwy'n credu bod addysgu am berthynas iach ag eraill yn fater pwysig iawn, yng nghyd-destun stereoteipio ar sail rhyw, a rhai o'r pethau diwylliannol sy'n digwydd yn ein cymdeithas heddiw. Rydym ni'n rhedeg sawl cynllun ledled Cymru, mewn gwirionedd, cyn-Donaldson, fel yr ydych chi'n ei ddweud, ac es i i weld un sy'n cael ei redeg gan Hafan Cymru yn ddiweddar iawn. Ac roedd y ferch ifanc a oedd yn ei redeg yn anhygoel, mae'n rhaid i mi ddweud; cefais y fraint o eistedd drwy un o'r sesiynau. Ond dywedodd hi wrthyf, Dirprwy Lywydd, rywbeth sy'n torri calonnau pob un ohonom mewn gwirionedd. Cyn y sesiwn - ac roedd y sesiwn hon ar gyfer disgyblion blwyddyn 5 a blwyddyn 6 - gofynnodd i grŵp cymysg o ran rhywedd a oedd bechgyn neu ferched yn well, ac ni fydd neb yn synnu i glywed bod y bechgyn yn credu bod y bechgyn yn well a'r merched yn credu bod y merched yn well, oherwydd dyna fel ag y mae hi. Ond wedyn gofynnodd i'r bechgyn pam yr oedden nhw o'r farn eu bod nhw yn well, a gwnaethon nhw ddweud bod bechgyn yn well oherwydd eu bod nhw'n gryfach ac yn well am wneud chwaraeon. Ac yna gofynnodd i'r merched pam yr oedden nhw'n meddwl bod merched yn well, ac ni allen nhw feddwl am unrhyw beth, sy'n ofnadwy, on'd yw e'? Cefais y fraint o fod yno, felly gofynnais iddyn nhw os oedden nhw wedi clywed am Jessica Ennis, a digwydd bod, roedd gen i lun ohoni hi ar fy ffôn, gan fy mod i wedi bod mewn digwyddiad gwahanol. Ac roedden nhw wedi clywed am Jessica Ennis, a gofynnais iddyn nhw a oedden nhw'n meddwl ei bod hi'n gryf ac yn dda am wneud chwaraeon ac roedden nhw'n cytuno ei bod hi. Felly, cawsom drafodaeth eithaf diddorol ynghylch beth oedd y stereoteip rhywedd hwnnw. Ond roedd yn eithaf brawychus i mi bod y menywod ifanc hynny eisiau iddyn nhw fod yn well - os 'gwell' yw'r gair cywir - ond doedden nhw ddim yn gallu meddwl am unrhyw beth, mewn gwirionedd, oherwydd eu bod nhw eisoes, hyd yn oed ar yr oedran ifanc hwnnw, wedi bod yn destun cymaint o stereoteipio ar sail rhyw, eu bod yn ei chael hi'n anodd nodi un nodwedd sy'n gysylltiedig â bod yn fenyw sy'n 'well'. Nid oes a wnelo hyn â bod yn well, mae hyn yn ymwneud â galluogi pob un bod dynol i fod y person gorau y gallan nhw ei fod, er gwaethaf popeth. Nid yw'n ymwneud â'ch rhyw. Rwyf i'n digwydd fod yn hoffi chwarae o gwmpas â cheir. Mae fy mab yn hoffi coginio. Mae hynny yn ôl pob tebyg, yn erbyn y stereoteip rhywedd. Wel, roedd hynny'n newyddion i mi pan oeddwn i'n tyfu i fyny ac mae'n newyddion iddo fe hefyd. A dyna'r pwynt, ynte? Felly, rydym ni yn y Llywodraeth yn cefnogi nifer fawr o'r cynlluniau hyn. Rydym ni'n cefnogi'r ymgyrch Let Toys be Toys, er enghraifft, lle nad ydym ni'n annog pobl i ddefnyddio stereoteip rhyw o ran eu teganau. Os ydych chi, yn eich siop, eisiau gwahanu eich teganau i'w gwneud yn fwy hwylus i siopa, yna gwnewch hynny yn ôl oedran priodol. Rwy'n siŵr eich bod chi i gyd yn gwybod fy hanesyn am stopio mewn siop leol yn Abertawe, a dweud y drefn wrth y rheolwr a gofyn iddo beth oedd yn y rhes o deganau i fechgyn a theganau i ferched a dweud wrtho ei fod ef a minnau yn mynd i orfod mynd y tu allan os oedd yna deganau peirianneg mewn un rhes ac offer domestig yn y llall. Estynnodd wahoddodd i mi gael cwpanaid o de, tra yr aeth ef i edrych a datrys y mater. Felly, nid oedd ef yn rhy siŵr ei hun, a dyna'r pwynt. A bod yn deg, pan es i yn ôl i'r siop honno yr wythnos nesaf, roedden nhw wedi eu trefnu yn ôl oedran, felly, derbyniodd y pwynt ar unwaith. Roeddwn i'n ddiolchgar iawn am hynny. Ond mae'n dangos pa mor dreiddiol yw hyn a pha mor ddinistriol yw hyn o ran perthnasoedd. Rydym ni'n gwybod bod trais yn y cartref yn cael ei ysgogi gan rywfaint o'r stereoteipio ar sail rhyw hyn wrth i bobl geisio byw yn unol â rôl nad yw'n addas ar eu cyfer, mewn gwirionedd, ac maen nhw'n teimlo'r straen drwy geisio gwneud hynny. Mae'n rhan bwysig iawn o hynny. O ran rhai o'r pethau penodol a ddywedodd, roeddwn i'n falch o weld bod Coleg Penybont wedi ennill y wobr, ac mae'n haeddiannol iawn. Rydym ni wedi gweithio'n galed iawn i gynnwys rhywfaint o ymwybyddiaeth o stereoteipio ar sail rhyw a chydraddoldeb yn rhai o'r pethau prentisiaeth ac mae gennym ni fentrau sy'n annog bechgyn a merched i gymryd rhan mewn dysgu drwy brofiad ar draws y rhaniad rhwng y rhywiau - felly, rhaglennu robot, plethu gwallt, cynllunio gweithgareddau gofal plant - ar gyfer y ddau ryw ar yr un pryd er gwaethaf popeth, oherwydd, pam lai? Ac mae hynny wedi ei dderbyn yn dda iawn ac mae llawer yn manteisio ar hynny. O ran dychweliaethau, mae'n werth sôn am y cynllun Sêr Cymru ar y pwynt hwn, sydd bellach yn cael ei gopïo gan Lywodraeth y DU - rwyf i bob amser yn falch iawn pan fyddan nhw'n gwneud hynny. Un rhan fawr iawn o raglen Sêr Cymru fu annog ymchwilwyr sydd wedi gadael y maes ymchwil - fel arfer oherwydd seibiant gyrfa, ond weithiau dim ond oherwydd eu bod wedi mynd rywle arall - i ddod yn ôl yn i'r maes gwyddoniaeth. Fe fyddech chi'n synnu i ddarganfod bod tua 95 y cant o'r rhai hynny sy'n dychwelyd yn fenywod, oherwydd eu bod wedi cymryd seibiant gyrfa a'u bod yn dod yn ôl. Felly, rydym yn gwneud hynny, ond rwy'n credu nad oes amheuaeth bod llawer mwy i'w wneud, yn anffodus, cyn inni gyflawni unrhyw beth tebyg i gydraddoldeb rhwng y rhywiau.