English: The Minister referenced more consensus in Wales on higher education. I think there probably is something to be said for that. I'm not sure that she's yet entirely got me with the programme on progressive universalism, but I criticised the Diamond report initially for proposing maintenance grants for families with up to £80,000 a year income, which I thought was way too high, but the Minister brought that down, I think, to nearer £50,000. And I agree with much of what she said just now, and I certainly much prefer it to the Plaid spokesperson's approach and demand for leadership for staying in Wales in the first place. I agree with the Minister that it's in no way unpatriotic to decide to go to university outside Wales. I recall the absurd situation where the previous First Minister, I think, attacked Adam Price for having taken up the opportunity to study at Harvard. I think we should all have those opportunities to benefit from study elsewhere. And where I really agree with what the Minister has said is that student support should be portable across the United Kingdom. I'd just like to say how different the Welsh Government's approach has been from that of the Scottish Government. There was a very interesting article in The Economist last week that referred to the Scottish Government education policy weakening the bonds that unite the kingdom. The Economist suggested that it was the intention of the SNP to do this, to stop people when they're young leaving Scotland and potentially going to England and some perhaps staying there, and to ensure that they stayed in Scotland and therefore were more likely to support the SNP. They get free education at university if they stay in Scotland but have to pay £9,250 a year if they go to England, so it's no surprise that many more stay in Scotland. What that's seen is mobility from Scotland fall very significantly. In Wales, I think 2 per cent of people each year go to another nation or English region, compared to Scotland, where only 0.5 per cent do so, and that's a massive difference. It's really increased, and that, at least in part, I believe, is due to the student finance system. So, I'd like to thank and applaud the Minister for what she's done on this area, even to the extent of giving higher maintenance and support if a student studies in London, because of the higher cost. I think there's a huge difference between what she and the Welsh Government have done compared to what the SNP and Scotland have done and, perhaps, what Plaid might like to happen here. So, well done on that. Can I also just briefly ask her about COVID? Firstly, is there any chance that students might get some sort of refund for the terrible situations that so many have had over the past year and that still continue in terms of the value they've got? What are her views on that? Second, I recall, about a year ago, the UK Government put in caps - at least in England - to try and protect some of the lower-ranking institutions from seeing lots more students go to the higher-ranking institutions just for that year or two because of the COVID impact and because of not having international students. I think the Minister quite rightly complained about that unilateral action taken by the UK Government that affected Wales and how it would be much better if that had been done on a co-ordinated UK basis. Could she update us as to what's now happening on that issue?
Welsh: Cyfeiriodd y Gweinidog at fwy o gonsensws yng Nghymru ar addysg uwch. Credaf fod rhywbeth i'w ddweud dros hynny, mae'n debyg. Nid wyf yn siŵr a yw hi wedi fy narbwyllo'n llwyr eto gyda'r rhaglen ar gyffredinoliaeth gynyddol, ond beirniadais adroddiad Diamond i ddechrau am gynnig grantiau cynhaliaeth i deuluoedd sydd â hyd at £80,000 y flwyddyn o incwm, a oedd, yn fy marn i, yn llawer rhy uchel, ond daeth y Gweinidog â hwnnw i lawr, mi gredaf, i rywbeth yn nes at £50,000. A chytunaf â llawer o'r hyn a ddywedodd nawr, ac yn sicr mae'n llawer gwell gennyf hynny na dull llefarydd y Blaid a'r galw am arweinyddiaeth ynghylch aros yng Nghymru yn y lle cyntaf. Rwy'n cytuno â'r Gweinidog nad yw'n anwlatgar o gwbl i benderfynu mynd i brifysgol y tu allan i Gymru. Cofiaf y sefyllfa hurt pan ymosododd y Prif Weinidog blaenorol, mi gredaf, ar Adam Price am fanteisio ar y cyfle i astudio yn Harvard. Credaf y dylem ni i gyd gael y cyfleoedd hynny i elwa ar astudio mewn mannau eraill. A lle rwy'n cytuno'n wirioneddol â'r hyn y mae'r Gweinidog wedi'i ddweud yw y dylai cymorth i fyfyrwyr fod ar gael ledled y Deyrnas Unedig. Hoffwn ddweud pa mor wahanol fu ymagwedd Llywodraeth Cymru i ymagwedd Llywodraeth yr Alban. Roedd erthygl ddiddorol iawn yn The Economist yr wythnos diwethaf a gyfeiriodd at bolisi addysg Llywodraeth yr Alban yn gwanhau'r bondiau sy'n uno'r deyrnas. Awgrymodd The Economist mai bwriad yr SNP oedd gwneud hyn, atal pobl pan fyddan nhw'n ifanc rhag gadael yr Alban ac o bosibl mynd i Loegr a rhai efallai'n aros yno, ac i sicrhau eu bod yn aros yn yr Alban ac felly'n fwy tebygol o gefnogi'r SNP. Maen nhw'n cael addysg am ddim yn y brifysgol os ydyn nhw'n aros yn yr Alban ond yn gorfod talu £9,250 y flwyddyn os ydyn nhw'n mynd i Loegr, felly nid yw'n syndod bod llawer mwy yn aros yn yr Alban. Yr hyn a welir yw symudedd o'r Alban yn gostwng yn sylweddol iawn. Yng Nghymru, credaf fod 2 y cant o bobl bob blwyddyn yn mynd i wlad arall neu ranbarth arall yn Lloegr, o'i gymharu â'r Alban, lle mae dim ond 0.5 y cant yn gwneud hynny, ac mae hynny'n wahaniaeth enfawr. Mae wedi cynyddu'n fawr, ac mae hynny, yn rhannol o leiaf, rwy'n credu, yn ganlyniad i'r system cyllid myfyrwyr. Felly, hoffwn ddiolch i'r Gweinidog a'i chymeradwyo am yr hyn y mae wedi'i wneud yn y maes hwn, hyd yn oed i'r graddau o roi mwy o gynhaliaeth a chefnogaeth os bydd myfyriwr yn astudio yn Llundain, oherwydd y gost uwch. Rwy'n credu bod gwahaniaeth enfawr rhwng yr hyn y mae hi a Llywodraeth Cymru wedi'i wneud o'i gymharu â'r hyn y mae'r SNP a'r Alban wedi'i wneud ac, efallai, yr hyn y byddai Plaid Cymru efallai yn hoffi iddo ddigwydd yma. Felly, da iawn chi am hynny. A gaf i hefyd ei holi'n fyr am COVID? Yn gyntaf, a oes unrhyw obaith y gallai myfyrwyr gael rhyw fath o ad-daliad am y sefyllfaoedd ofnadwy y mae cynifer wedi'u dioddef dros y flwyddyn ddiwethaf ac mae hynny'n dal i barhau o ran y gwerth sydd ganddyn nhw? Beth yw ei barn am hynny? Yn ail, cofiaf, tua blwyddyn yn ôl, fod Llywodraeth y DU wedi rhoi capiau - yn Lloegr o leiaf - i geisio diogelu rhai o'r sefydliadau is eu safle rhag gweld llawer mwy o fyfyrwyr yn mynd i'r sefydliadau uwch eu safle ar gyfer y flwyddyn honno neu fwy oherwydd effaith COVID ac oherwydd nad oedd ganddyn nhw fyfyrwyr rhyngwladol. Credaf fod y Gweinidog, a hynny'n gwbl briodol, wedi cwyno am y camau unochrog hynny a gymerwyd gan Lywodraeth y DU a effeithiodd ar Gymru a sut y byddai wedi bod yn well o lawer pe bai hynny wedi'i wneud ar sail gydgysylltiedig yn y DU. A wnaiff hi roi'r wybodaeth ddiweddaraf inni am yr hyn sy'n digwydd ar hyn o bryd ar y mater hwnnw?