English: Thank you, Minister, for the update and for the opportunity to see the statement in advance. I particularly welcome the fact that the Minister has stated his commitment to ensuring that all learners in all schools have the best possible opportunity to be confident Welsh speakers. This is an important principle, and takes us further than the commitment in the 'Cymraeg 2050' strategy, which states that the Government's aim is to ensure that at least 70 per cent of all learners develop Welsh language skills and are able to use the language confidently in all aspects of their lives by the time they leave school. I certainly welcome this change, and I'm of the view that if we are serious about ensuring that the Welsh language belongs to us all, then all learners must be supported to learn the language in every school in Wales. This is a significant change, and what I would like to ask, Minister, is: how is this principle supported by the WESPs? After all, evidence from the Basque Country shows that immersion, and receiving education through the medium of the Basque language, is undoubtedly the most effective way of ensuring that learners become confident Basque speakers. If you don't support this principle, what methodology would you recommend for ensuring that all pupils in Wales develop confident bilingual skills? You refer in your statement to the steps that have been taken to support immersion education, and without doubt, this is to be welcomed. We've all seen incredible things on the news of people becoming entirely fluent in no time at all. But in most cases, if not in all cases, the intention of immersion education is to support learners who want to attend Welsh-medium schools, and there are few opportunities for learners in other schools to take advantage of such schemes. We know that immersion works - we've seen that. You and I have met people who've been through that system. So, with the commitment to ensure that all learners will have the best possible opportunity to be confident Welsh speakers, what plans does the Government have to expand opportunities for immersion and increase the use of learning through the medium of Welsh in every school? Isn't this the only way to ensure that we reach our goal? Clearly, one thing that is an obstacle to all of this is the workforce - you refer to that in your statement - and specifically that we don't have enough teachers who can work through the medium of Welsh to meet the requirements of the WESPs as they are currently. With a number of teachers on strike tomorrow, and many telling us that they are leaving the profession or considering doing so, how concerned are you that we don't have the workforce in place to reach the current goals, specifically in terms of learning Welsh, learning through the medium of Welsh, and also in terms of additional learning needs? I'm pleased to see reference to the co-operation agreement in your statement, and specifically in terms of the free Welsh lessons for learners between the ages of 16 and 25, and also those in the education workforce. Can I ask how many people have taken advantage of these lessons since the schemes were launched? Are you seeing that people have the time to take up these opportunities? Finally, as has been mentioned, one of the major challenge with the WESPs so far is the issue of accountability. I accept the point that you've been given a commitment by leaders in all local authorities, and that's to be warmly welcomed. Clearly, there was some discussion between you and the local authorities in terms of the WESPs, with many having to return to them. But in terms of that issue of accountability, in the the past we have seen some local authorities not delivering the objectives that they had set for themselves, and not always providing explanations for that. So, although I welcome that there is a commitment that they will do better, possibly, in those authorities, how can we ensure that accountability? And therefore how important will it be to ensure that the Welsh language education Bill will strengthen the Government's ability to ensure that education plans are implemented in a way that supports the ambition of seeing all children becoming confident Welsh speakers?
Welsh: Diolch, Weinidog, am y diweddariad heddiw, ac am gael gweld y datganiad ymlaen llaw. Dwi'n croesawu'n benodol fod y Gweinidog yn nodi ymrwymiad i sicrhau bod pob dysgwr ym mhob ysgol yn cael y cyfle gorau i fod yn siaradwr Cymraeg hyderus. Mae hon yn egwyddor bwysig, ac yn mynd â ni'n bellach na'r ymrwymiad sydd yn strategaeth 'Cymraeg 2050', sy'n dweud mai nod y Llywodraeth yw sicrhau bod o leiaf 70 y cant o'r holl ddysgwyr yn datblygu eu sgiliau Cymraeg a'u bod yn gallu defnyddio'r iaith yn hyderus ym mhob agwedd o'u bywydau erbyn iddynt adael yr ysgol. Dwi'n sicr yn croesawu'r newid hwn ac o'r farn os ydym ni o ddifrif o ran sicrhau bod y Gymraeg yn perthyn i ni i gyd, yna mae'n rhaid i bob dysgwr gael cefnogaeth i ddysgu'r iaith ym mhob ysgol yng Nghymru. Mae hwn yn newid arwyddocaol, a'r hyn yr hoffwn ofyn, Weinidog, ydy: sut mae'r egwyddor hon yn cael ei chefnogi gan y CSCAau? Wedi'r cyfan, dengys tystiolaeth o Wlad y Basg mai trochi, a derbyn addysg drwy gyfrwng Basgeg, heb os yw'r ffordd fwyaf effeithiol o sicrhau bod dysgwyr yn dod yn siaradwyr Basgeg hyderus. Os nad ydych yn cefnogi'r egwyddor hon, pa fethodoleg fyddech chi'n ei hargymell ar gyfer sicrhau bod pob disgybl yng Nghymru yn datblygu sgiliau dwyieithog hyderus? Rydych chi'n cyfeirio yn eich datganiad at y camau sydd wedi eu cymryd i gefnogi addysg drochi, a heb os, mae hyn i'w groesawu. Rydyn ni i gyd wedi gweld pethau anhygoel ar y newyddion o bobl yn dod yn hollol, hollol rugl mewn dim o beth. Ond mewn nifer helaeth o achosion, os nad ym mhob achos, bwriad addysg drochi yw cefnogi dysgwyr sydd eisiau mynychu ysgolion cyfrwng Cymraeg, a prin yw'r cyfleon i ddysgwyr mewn ysgolion eraill fanteisio ar gynlluniau o'r fath. Gwyddom fod trochi'n gweithio - rydyn ni wedi gweld hynny. Rydych chi a mi wedi cyfarfod pobl sydd wedi bod drwy'r system. Felly, gyda'r ymrwymiad i sicrhau bod pob dysgwr yn mynd i gael y cyfle gorau i fod yn siaradwr Cymraeg hyderus, pa gynlluniau sydd gan y Llywodraeth i ehangu cyfleon trochi a chynyddu'r defnydd o ddysgu drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg ym mhob ysgol? Onid dyma'r unig ffordd i sicrhau ein bod yn cyrraedd y nod? Yn amlwg, un peth sy'n rhwystr o ran hyn oll ydy'r gweithlu - rydych chi'n cyfeirio at hynny yn y datganiad - ac yn benodol nad oes gennym ddigon o athrawon gyda'r Gymraeg i ddiwallu anghenion y CSCAau fel y maen nhw. Gyda nifer o athrawon ar streic yfory, a nifer yn dweud wrthym eu bod yn gadael y proffesiwn neu'n ystyried gwneud, pa mor bryderus ydych chi nad oes gennym y gweithlu yn ei le o ran cyrraedd y nodau presennol, yn benodol o ran dysgu Cymraeg, dysgu drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg, a hefyd o ran anghenion dysgu ychwanegol? Dwi'n croesawu'r cyfeiriad at y cytundeb cydweithio yn eich datganiad hefyd, ac yn benodol o ran y gwersi Cymraeg am ddim i ddysgwyr 16 i 25 oed, a hefyd yn y gweithlu addysg. Gaf i ofyn faint o bobl sydd wedi manteisio ar y gwersi hyn ers i'r cynlluniau gael eu lansio? Ydych chi'n gweld bod pobl yn manteisio a bod ganddynt yr amser i wneud hynny? Yn olaf, fel y soniwyd, un o'r heriau sydd wedi bod efo'r CSCAau ydy o ran yr atebolrwydd hwnnw. Dwi'n derbyn y pwynt eich bod chi wedi cael ymrwymiad, ac mae hynny i'w groesawu'n fawr, gan arweinwyr ym mhob awdurdod lleol. Yn amlwg, mi fuodd yna dipyn o drafod rhyngoch chi a'r awdurdodau o ran y CSCAau, efo nifer yn gorfod ailedrych arnyn nhw. Ond o ran y cwestiwn o ran atebolrwydd, mi ydyn ni yn y gorffennol wedi gweld rhai awdurdodau lleol ddim yn cyrraedd y nodau maen nhw wedi'u gosod, a ddim wastad yn cynnig eglurhad o ran hynny. Felly, er fy mod yn croesawu bod yna ymrwymiad eu bod nhw'n mynd i wneud yn well, efallai, yn yr awdurdodau hynny, sut ydyn ni'n mynd i sicrhau yr atebolrwydd hwnnw? Ac felly pa mor bwysig fydd sicrhau bod Bil addysg y Gymraeg yn cryfhau gallu'r Llywodraeth i sicrhau bod cynlluniau addysg yn cael eu gweithredu mewn ffordd fydd yn cefnogi'r uchelgais o weld pob plentyn yn dod yn siaradwr hyderus?