English: Thank you for the series of questions. I think it might be helpful to say that a number of the questions you asked were really about how effective will the support and guidance aspects of the variety of programmes we've put in place be. On the point about knowing your rights, about understanding what you're entitled to in a workplace on a basic level when it comes to pay, but then you get into other challenges, frankly, as you go up through your time in working life and understand how your pay reflects around other people's, it's part of the reason why this Government is positive about trade union membership. Trade union workplaces are safer, more productive on average, and better paid than non-unionised workforces. I should, of course, note that I'm a former trade union steward myself, as well as a former trade union lawyer. But, there's a serious point here about knowing your rights and what you could and should expect in the workplace as well. But actually, much of the young person's guarantee is with people who are near the labour market or job ready. Some apprentices know what they want to do and they don't struggle with the choices they make. Lots of young people in further education have a career path that's mapped out for them. Lots of the other work we're talking about, though, is persuading people to get nearer to the labour market, to be ready, and that's where lots of the support is there and available. Jobs Growth Wales+, for example, is about young people who may not be job ready. It's taking on the best of both Jobs Growth Wales and the traineeships. There's a wage subsidy to help people into doing things as well. Our challenge is we're dealing with more than one cohort of young people in the sense of how job ready they are and the support they'll need. So, different people will need a different range of support. Interestingly, that's been really important from young people's feedback already, that they want more personalised support that understands them, how ready they are, and whether they're actually ready to plan their longer term future or not. There's still a fair amount of uncertainty, and we're still not sure how much that relates to the pandemic or a broader generational difference that you may be closer to than me, but there's a challenge about understanding how the support we want to provide is actually going to be useful for the people we want to work with and for. That includes your point on the risks of automation. There are opportunities in automation and AI, and lots of things we're doing. In fact, lots of young people coming through their education today have an entirely different view on the way the world already works and how it should work, and that's why lots of the challenges are actually going through education in the way we're trying to help teach young people not just to be able to use technology, but to design and build it. I regularly reflect on the lectures I've had from my colleague the climate change Minister on the importance of coding and making sure it's something that is seen for both boys and girls, because the talent isn't distributed in just one gender and not the other. You'll see that there's a lot of proactive support that we're doing to try to make sure that boys and girls see opportunities in a whole range of careers. It is often about getting women into careers that are still seen as traditionally male-dominated ones. That's part of the reason why that support and advice is important. I'll continue to reflect on the points about what more we can do with providers as well as encouraging people themselves to have a broader view on what they could and should do with the talent that they have. On your point about self-employment, I do recognise there are risks in self-employment, but then there are also opportunities in doing so as well. That's why the money we're providing in the start-up grant is accompanied by practical support. I recently had a really inspiring but very loud evening with a range of start-up businesses in the Wales StartUp Awards. It was really inspiring seeing lots of people over the last three years who have started their businesses and been successful. In the room, there were lots and lots of people of my age, but the great majority of people were much younger. Lots of young people have been successful entrepreneurs in one of the most difficult periods of time to set up their own business. I'm delighted to say the big winners were non-alcoholic brewers, two women running a firm, and I look forward to sampling more of their produce - it won't stop me from working. We do have lots of talent. It's about reflecting on that and it's about being able to point out that this is possible, and that's why support is there. We talked before about the challenge of our age profile; we need to be better at persuading people to move to Wales, we need to be better at persuading people they can plan to have their future here, with both the educational and the work opportunities, but a great place to grow your business and to look forward to a future. That's an economic imperative, not just a challenge for public services.
Welsh: Diolch am y gyfres o gwestiynau. Rwy'n credu y gallai fod yn ddefnyddiol dweud bod nifer o'r cwestiynau a ofynnwyd gennych yn ymwneud mewn gwirionedd â pha mor effeithiol fydd yr agweddau cymorth ac arweiniad ar yr amrywiaeth o raglenni yr ydym wedi'u rhoi ar waith. O ran y pwynt am wybod eich hawliau, am ddeall yr hyn y mae gennych hawl iddo mewn gweithle ar lefel sylfaenol pan ddaw'n fater o gyflog, ond yna byddwch yn dod ar draws heriau eraill, a dweud y gwir, wrth i chi fynd drwy gyfnod gweithio eich bywyd a deall sut mae eich cyflog yn cymharu â rhai pobl eraill, mae'n rhan o'r rheswm pam mae'r Llywodraeth hon yn gadarnhaol ynghylch aelodaeth o undebau llafur. Mae gweithleoedd undebau llafur yn fwy diogel, yn fwy cynhyrchiol ar gyfartaledd, ac yn talu'n well na gweithluoedd nad ydyn nhw yn aelodau o undeb. Dylwn i, wrth gwrs, nodi fy mod yn gyn-stiward undeb llafur fy hun, yn ogystal â chyn-gyfreithiwr undeb llafur. Ond, mae pwynt difrifol yma ynghylch gwybod eich hawliau a'r hyn y gallech ac y dylech chi ei ddisgwyl yn y gweithle hefyd. Ond mewn gwirionedd, mae llawer o'r warant i bobl ifanc yn ymwneud â phobl sy'n agos at y farchnad lafur neu'n barod am waith. Mae rhai prentisiaid yn gwybod beth maen nhw eisiau ei wneud ac nid ydyn nhw'n cael trafferth gyda'r dewisiadau maen nhw'n eu gwneud. Mae gan lawer o bobl ifanc mewn addysg bellach lwybr gyrfa sydd wedi'i fapio ar eu cyfer. Mae llawer o'r gwaith arall yr ydym ni'n sôn amdano, serch hynny, yn perswadio pobl i fynd yn agosach at y farchnad lafur, i fod yn barod, a dyna lle mae llawer o'r gefnogaeth ar gael. Mae Twf Swyddi Cymru+, er enghraifft, yn ymwneud â phobl ifanc nad ydyn nhw efallai'n barod am waith. Mae'n ymgymryd â'r gorau o Twf Swyddi Cymru a'r hyfforddeiaethau. Mae cymhorthdal cyflog i helpu pobl i wneud pethau hefyd. Ein her yw ein bod yn ymdrin â mwy nag un garfan o bobl ifanc o ran pa mor barod am waith y maen nhw a'r cymorth y bydd ei angen arnyn nhw. Felly, bydd angen ystod wahanol o gymorth ar wahanol bobl. Yn ddiddorol, mae hynny wedi bod yn bwysig iawn yn adborth pobl ifanc eisoes, eu bod eisiau cael cymorth mwy personol sy'n eu deall nhw, pa mor barod ydyn nhw, ac a ydyn nhw mewn gwirionedd yn barod i gynllunio eu dyfodol tymor hirach ai peidio. Mae cryn ansicrwydd o hyd, ac nid ydym yn siŵr o hyd faint o hynny sy'n gysylltiedig â'r pandemig neu wahaniaeth ehangach rhwng y cenedlaethau y gallech fod yn nes ato na mi, ond mae her o ran deall sut y bydd y cymorth yr ydym eisiau ei ddarparu yn ddefnyddiol i'r bobl yr ydym eisiau gweithio gyda nhw ac ar eu cyfer. Mae hynny'n cynnwys eich pwynt am risgiau awtomeiddio. Mae cyfleoedd mewn awtomeiddio ac AI, a llawer o bethau yr ydym ni'n eu gwneud. Yn wir, mae gan lawer o bobl ifanc sy'n dod drwy eu haddysg heddiw farn hollol wahanol am y ffordd y mae'r byd eisoes yn gweithio a sut y dylai weithio, a dyna pam mae llawer o'r heriau'n ymwneud â mynd drwy addysg mewn gwirionedd yn y ffordd yr ydym yn ceisio helpu i addysgu pobl ifanc, nid yn unig i allu defnyddio technoleg, ond i'w ddylunio a'i adeiladu. Rwy'n myfyrio'n rheolaidd ar y darlithoedd yr wyf wedi'u cael gan fy nghyd-Weinidog y Gweinidog Newid Hinsawdd ar bwysigrwydd codio a gwneud yn siŵr ei fod yn rhywbeth sy'n cael ei ystyried ar gyfer bechgyn a merched, oherwydd nid yw'r dalent yn cael ei dosrannu i un rhyw yn unig ac nid i'r llall. Fe welwch fod llawer o gefnogaeth ragweithiol gennym i geisio sicrhau bod bechgyn a merched yn gweld cyfleoedd mewn ystod eang o yrfaoedd. Mae'n aml yn ymwneud â chael menywod i ddilyn gyrfaoedd sy'n dal i gael eu hystyried yn rhai sy'n cael eu dominyddu gan ddynion yn draddodiadol. Mae hynny'n rhan o'r rheswm pam y mae'r gefnogaeth a'r cyngor hwnnw'n bwysig. Byddaf yn parhau i fyfyrio ar y pwyntiau ynghylch beth arall y gallwn ei wneud gyda darparwyr yn ogystal ag annog pobl eu hunain i gael barn ehangach ar yr hyn y gallan nhw ac y dylen nhw ei wneud gyda'r dalent sydd ganddyn nhw. O ran eich pwynt am hunangyflogaeth, yr wyf yn cydnabod bod risgiau o ran hunangyflogaeth, ond yna mae cyfleoedd hefyd o wneud hynny. Dyna pam mae cymorth ymarferol yn cyd-fynd â'r arian yr ydym yn ei ddarparu yn y grant dechrau busnes. Yn ddiweddar cefais noson ysbrydoledig ond mawr ei sŵn gydag amrywiaeth o fusnesau newydd yng Ngwobrau Dechrau Busnes Cymru. Roedd yn ysbrydoledig iawn gweld llawer o bobl dros y tair blynedd diwethaf sydd wedi dechrau eu busnesau ac wedi bod yn llwyddiannus. Yn yr ystafell, roedd llawer o bobl yr un oed â mi, ond roedd y mwyafrif helaeth o bobl yn llawer iau. Mae llawer o bobl ifanc wedi bod yn entrepreneuriaid llwyddiannus yn un o'r cyfnodau anoddaf i sefydlu eu busnes eu hunain. Rwy'n falch iawn o ddweud mai bragwyr di-alcohol oedd yr enillwyr, dwy fenyw yn rhedeg cwmni, ac edrychaf ymlaen at samplo mwy o'u cynnyrch - ni fydd yn fy atal rhag gweithio. Mae gennym lawer o dalent. Mae'n ymwneud â myfyrio ar hynny ac mae'n ymwneud â gallu tynnu sylw at y ffaith bod hyn yn bosibl, a dyna pam mae cymorth ar gael. Buom yn siarad o'r blaen am her ein proffil oedran; mae angen i ni fod yn well wrth berswadio pobl i symud i Gymru, mae angen i ni fod yn well wrth berswadio pobl y gallan nhw gynllunio i gael eu dyfodol yma, gyda'r cyfleoedd addysgol a gwaith, ond ei fod yn lle gwych i dyfu eich busnes ac i edrych ymlaen at ddyfodol. Mae hynny'n rheidrwydd economaidd, nid yn her i wasanaethau cyhoeddus yn unig.