techiaith/cofnodycynulliad_en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: That is a very key question, isn't it? We have started to discuss this, specifically in particular in a forum that includes publishers in Wales, with the Welsh Government around the table and Qualifications Wales around the table. I think one of the very interesting questions and important questions is: what will the nature of the information available in April 2019 be in terms of the new curriculum? At what level of detail will it be? To what extent will it be adapted again after April 2019? Is it detailed enough, really, for teachers to start discussing their programmes of teaching, and that we then still have a role with publishers, even though this is for this curriculum and not for qualifications? WJEC has a tradition of publishing resources over the key stages and other key stages as well. I think there is a need to discuss the implications of the timetable as it starts to appear, because there is a need to start teaching the new curriculum in September 2022. If we're talking about a year of preparation, that brings us back to September 2021. If we're talking about working on resources available for that preparation year, we're talking about September 2020. So, the timetable does appear already tight, particularly if there's something that's not quite certain about that curriculum statement in 2019, and that there is a lot of work to turn that into teaching programmes. So, I think it is a key question, and I can't be confident at the moment that this is going to work.
Welsh: Mae hwnnw'n gwestiwn allweddol iawn, onid yw? Rydym ni wedi dechrau trafod hyn, yn benodol mewn fforwm sy'n cynnwys cyhoeddwyr yng Nghymru, gyda Llywodraeth Cymru rownd y bwrdd, a chyda Cymwysterau Cymru rownd y bwrdd hefyd. Rydw i'n meddwl mai un o'r cwestiynau diddorol a phwysig iawn yw: beth fydd natur y wybodaeth a fydd ar gael yn Ebrill 2019 ynglŷn â'r cwricwlwm newydd? Ar ba lefel o fanylder fydd e? I ba raddau y bydd e'n cael ei addasu eto ar ôl Ebrill 2019? A ydy e'n ddigon manwl, mewn ffordd, i athrawon ddechrau trafod rhaglenni dysgu tebygol, a'n bod ni wedyn yn dal i gael rhyw fath o rôl gyda chyhoeddwyr, er mai ar gyfer y cwricwlwm mae hyn ac nid ar gyfer cymhwysterau? Mae gan CBAC draddodiad o ymwneud â chyhoeddi adnoddau ar draws y cyfnodau allweddol eraill hefyd. Rydw i'n meddwl bod eisiau trafod goblygiadau'r amserlen fel mae'n dechrau ymddangos, oherwydd mae eisiau dechrau dysgu y cwricwlwm newydd ym Medi 2022. Os ydym ni'n sôn am flwyddyn baratoi, mae hynny'n dod â ni nôl i Fedi 2021. Os ydym ni'n sôn am weithio ar adnoddau a fydd ar gael ar gyfer y flwyddyn baratoi, rydym ni'n sôn am Fedi 2020. Wel, mae'r amserlen eisoes yn ymddangos yn fyr, yn enwedig os mai rhywbeth cymharol amhendant fydd y datganiad cwricwlwm yn 2019, a bod yna lawer o waith i'w wneud i droi hwnnw i mewn i raglenni dysgu. Felly, rydw i'n credu ei fod e'n gwestiwn allweddol, a gallaf i ddim bod yn hyderus ar hyn o bryd fod hyn yn mynd i weithio.
English: Just one very brief comment in that context: I think that the comment of the consortia jointly is important there. They emphasise, in the context of the curriculum, the importance of the autonomy of teachers in interpreting and providing, therefore I think we truly need to discuss that. Does that suggest that there won't be so much need for national resources, or are those resources required to support that autonomy in any case? We need to discuss that at an early stage and in detail, I think.
Welsh: Ac un sylw byr iawn, iawn yn y cyd-destun yna hefyd: rydw i'n meddwl bod sylw'r consortia ar y cyd yn bwysig yn fan yna. Maen nhw'n pwysleisio, yng nghyd-destun y cwricwlwm newydd, hunanryddid neu awtonomi'r athrawon o ran dehongli a darparu, felly rydw i'n meddwl bod wir eisiau trafod y cwestiwn yna. A ydy hynny'n awgrymu na fydd yna gymaint o angen am adnoddau cenedlaethol, neu a oes eisiau adnoddau cenedlaethol i gefnogi hunanryddid ac awtonomi ta beth? Mae eisiau trafod hynny yn fuan ac yn fanwl, rydw i'n credu.
English: Yes, certainly, and one is concerned that that conversation isn't already happening, but, yes, okay, you've made that point clearly. If I could return, therefore, to the commercial issue - clearly, there is a shortage of providers in Wales, and we are reliant on others. You suggested that the WJEC may be interested in stepping up and taking some sort of role if regulations were changed. I assume that that would be something that you would be eager to see happening in terms of the change to regulation in that context.
Welsh: Oes, yn sicr, ac mae rhywun yn poeni bod y drafodaeth yna ddim yn digwydd eisoes, ond, ie, ocê, mae'r pwynt yn cael ei wneud yn glir. I ddod yn ôl, felly, at yr issue masnachol yma - yn amlwg, mae yna ddiffyg yng Nghymru o ddarparwyr, ac wedyn rŷm ni yn ddibynnol ar eraill. Fe wnaethoch chi awgrymu efallai y byddai CBAC â diddordeb i gamu lan i ryw fath o rôl felly petai'r rheoliadau yn cael eu newid. Rydw i'n tybio y byddai hynny'n rhywbeth y byddech chi'n awyddus i'w weld yn digwydd o ran newid y rheoliadau yn y cyd-destun yna.
English: Yes, and we've been part of starting that discussion amongst publishers in Wales. Certainly, there is interest. I think that I haven't described correctly the purpose of a seminar to encourage interest: the interest is there, but there needs to be an understanding of what the implications are of working towards that kind of timetable, what the implications are of working in two languages, what kind of business model, perhaps, would be suitable for the publishers in Wales, how much certainty could be given to them that there is a period of work, because they would want to build their teams, and develop skills within those teams, and to have enough certainty that this is worth doing. And therefore, those are the sort of issues that we're starting a discussion on, in the hope of having a discussion in June to move that forward. Of course, Welsh Government, Qualifications Wales and other stakeholders are part of this discussion, not only WJEC, but we've been part of initiating that discussion.
Welsh: Byddem, ac rŷm ni wedi bod yn rhan o sbarduno'r drafodaeth ymhlith gweisg yng Nghymru. Mae yna yn sicr ddiddordeb. Rydw i'n meddwl fy mod i wedi camddisgrifio pwrpas seminar meithrin diddordeb: mae'r diddordeb yna, ond mae yna angen dealltwriaeth o beth ydy goblygiadau gweithio i'r math hwn o amserlen, beth ydy goblygiadau gweithio mewn dwy iaith, pa fodel busnes, efallai, a fyddai'n addas i'r gweisg yng Nghymru, faint o sicrwydd mae'n bosib rhoi iddyn nhw fod yna gyfnod o waith, achos bydden nhw eisiau adeiladu'r timoedd, a datblygu sgiliau o fewn y timoedd hynny, a chael digon o sicrwydd bod hyn yn werth ei wneud. Ac felly, dyna'r math o bethau rydym ni'n sbarduno trafodaeth yn eu cylch nhw, gan obeithio cael sgwrs ym mis Mehefin i symud hynny ymlaen. Wrth gwrs, mae Llywodraeth Cymru, Cymwysterau Cymru a rhanddeiliaid eraill yn rhan o'r drafodaeth hefyd, nid dim ond CBAC, ond rŷm ni wedi bod yn rhan o sbarduno'r drafodaeth.
English: Is this developing at the pace that you would like to see it developing?
Welsh: A ydy'r drafodaeth yna'n datblygu ar y cyflymdra y byddech chi'n dymuno iddi wneud?
English: Yes, I think, and there is some enthusiasm. For example, a number of publishers in Wales are within an association describing itself as Cwlwm Cyhoeddwyr Cymru. Myrddin ap Dafydd is chair of Cwlwm at the moment, and there is enthusiasm and vision, certainly. So, there's a wonderful opportunity, I think, for Wales to interpret these possibilities swiftly and then hopefully take action on them.
Welsh: Ydy, rydw i'n credu, ac mae yna frwdfrydedd. Er enghraifft, mae nifer o'r cyhoeddwyr yng Nghymru o fewn cymdeithas sy'n galw eu hunain yn Cwlwm Cyhoeddwyr Cymru. Myrddin ap Dafydd yw cadeirydd Cwlwm ar hyn o bryd, felly mae yna frwdfrydedd a gweledigaeth, yn bendant. Felly, mae yna gyfle gwych, rydw i'n meddwl, i Gymru i ddehongli'r posibiliadau yma yn glou a gobeithio gweithredu arnyn nhw.
English: And we're talking here not just about translating but developing resources, and the point, I think, is an important one around some of the evidence that we've received about the importance of developing resources naturally bilingually from the very beginning, rather than having to translate something. Because there have been comments that translations are clunky, difficult to follow and not - I'm not saying that they're not fit for purpose, but certainly don't facilitate teaching, perhaps, as easily as one would wish.
Welsh: Ac rŷm ni'n sôn yn fan hyn nid jest am gyfieithu ond am ddatblygu adnoddau, ac mae'r pwynt, rydw i'n meddwl, yn un pwysig o gwmpas peth o'r dystiolaeth rŷm ni wedi'i chael ynglŷn â phwysigrwydd datblygu adnoddau yn naturiol ddwyieithog o'r cychwyn cyntaf, yn hytrach na gorfod cyfieithu rhywbeth. Oherwydd mae yna sylwadau wedi bod fod cyfieithiadau'n glogyrnaidd, yn anodd eu dilyn a ddim - dywedaf i ddim nad ydynt yn ffit i bwrpas, ond yn sicr ddim yn hwyluso dysgu mor rhwydd, efallai, ag y byddai rhywun yn ei ddymuno.
English: So, the expertise, and the same capacty with the publishers as well.
Welsh: Felly, yr arbenigedd, a'r un capasiti, felly, hefyd, yn y gweisg.
English: Yes, and we do want to nurture authors within Wales, particularly given that the new curriculum has to do justice to a Welsh dimension within the curriculum in so many different subjects. So, we need authors who can be developed, and authors who would be willing to work with the publishers. That's a very specific theme within one of the ideas of the seminars with publishers.
Welsh: Ie, ac rydym ni wir eisiau meithrin awduron o fewn Cymru, yn enwedig o sylweddoli bod angen i'r cwricwlwm newydd wneud cyfiawnder â dimensiwn Cymreig o fewn y cwricwlwm mewn cynifer o bynciau. Felly, rydym ni eisiau awduron sy'n gallu cael eu meithrin, ac awduron a fydd yn hapus i weithio gyda'r gweisg. Mae honno'n thema benodol iawn o fewn un o'r syniadau ar gyfer y seminarau gyda'r cyhoeddwyr.
English: Would that market be viable without any sort of subsidy, if it were to develop bilingually? Or do we have to accept that they have to have an element of public subsidy?
Welsh: A fyddai'r farchnad honno'n hyfyw heb unrhyw fath o sybsidi - a'i bod hi'n datblygu'n ddwyieithog? Neu a oes rhaid inni dderbyn bod yn rhaid cael elfen o sybsidi cyhoeddus?
English: Our view in the WJEC is that subsidy will be necessary. But we could rethink the model for the subsidy, perhaps. At the moment, the subsidy is described as a subsidy for the Welsh-medium version. Why not rethink that and think of a subsidy for producing resources in two languages for the Welsh curriculum? And perhaps we would need a little more funding for that. But there will be organisations such as the WJEC who will still be interested in contributing, because we are a charity, and within our mission is investment in various things that supports education in Wales.
Welsh: Ein barn ni yn CBAC yw y bydd angen sybsidi. Ond mae'n bosib ailfeddwl y model ar gyfer y sybsidi, efallai. Ar hyn o bryd, mae'r sybsidi'n cael ei ddisgrifio fel sybsidi ar gyfer y fersiwn cyfrwng Cymraeg. Beth am ailfeddwl hynny a meddwl am sybsidi ar gyfer cynhyrchu adnoddau mewn dwy iaith ar gyfer cwricwlwm Cymru? Ac efallai bod eisiau ychydig bach mwy o gyllid. Ond fe fydd yna gyrff fel CBAC yn dal â diddordeb mewn cyfrannu, oherwydd rydym ni yn elusen, ac o fewn ein cenhadaeth ni - mae buddsoddi mewn gwahanol bethau sy'n cefnogi addysg yng Nghymru yn rhan o'n cenhadaeth ni.
English: But in terms of where we are now, resources have to be translated. I struggle at times to understand why it takes so much time to translate a resource. I would like to know better, perhaps, what the main barriers are in that sense. But also, how long is acceptable to wait for a translation, in your view?
Welsh: Ond o safbwynt lle rŷm ni nawr, mae adnoddau'n gorfod cael eu cyfieithu. Rydw i'n stryglo weithiau i ddeall pam ei bod hi'n cymryd cymaint o amser i gyfieithu adnodd. Byddwn i'n licio gwybod yn well, efallai, beth yw'r prif rwystrau yn hynny o beth. Ond hefyd, pa mor hir sy'n dderbyniol i aros am gyfieithiad, yn eich barn chi?
English: We've done a great deal of work recently, over recent years, to ensure that that delay between having an English version and a Welsh version is reduced. We are highly aware of the fact that the best-case scenario is that the Welsh and the English are available simultaneously. In those terms, we've taken huge steps forward with the publishers that we've named this morning, so that we have discussed translation as the textbook is being produced. There is a risk there, of course. The nature of books is that the author may change his or her mind, or edit as he or she is writing. Well, with that model, we would have to ensure that we approved as we moved forward, chapter by chapter perhaps, so that there would be no changes to be made from then on. At the end of the process, then, the publishers in England have agreed to hold the English version back for a period of time until the Welsh version is available, and then to publish both simultaneously. Unless that timetable is followed throughout the process, there are inherent risks in that process, of course, as I've mentioned in terms of translation as we author materials, and in ensuring that that timetable is stuck to.
Welsh: Rydym ni wedi gwneud lot o waith yn ddiweddar, dros y blynyddoedd yma nawr, i sicrhau bod yr oedi yna rhwng cael y Saesneg a derbyn yr un Gymraeg wedi dod lawr tipyn. Rydym ni wir yn ymwybodol o'r ffaith mai'r senario gorau fyddai bod y Gymraeg a'r Saesneg yn bodoli ar yr un pryd. O ran hynny, rydym ni wedi cymryd camau enfawr ymlaen gyda'r cyhoeddwyr rydym ni wedi'u henwi y bore yma, fel ein bod ni wedi trafod efallai cyfieithu wrth i'r llyfrau gael eu cynhyrchu. Mae yna risg yn hynny, wrth gwrs. Natur llyfrau yw bod y person sy'n awdur yn newid meddwl, neu'n addasu wrth iddyn nhw fynd ymlaen. Wel, gyda'r model hwnnw, byddai'n rhaid sicrhau, fesul pennod efallai, ein bod ni'n cymeradwyo wrth inni symud ymlaen, fel nad oedd yna newid o hynny ymlaen. Ar ddiwedd y broses, wedyn, mae'r cyhoeddwyr yn Lloegr wedi cytuno i ddal y Saesneg yn ôl am gyfnod nes bod y fersiwn Gymraeg yn barod, ac wedyn cyhoeddi'r ddau ar yr un pryd. Oni bai bod yr amserlen yna wedyn yn cael ei dilyn reit drwyddi. Mae yna lot o risgiau yn y broses honno, wrth gwrs, fel rydw i wedi codi'n barod o ran cyfieithu wrth inni symud ymlaen, o ran sicrhau wedyn bod yr amserlen honno'n digwydd.
English: And perhaps there is a need to emphasise that the process is translation and editing as a package, and that sometimes the same amount of time goes on the editing, how the Welsh works in terms of diagrams and things that aren't text necessarily - pictures and so forth. So, eight weeks, I think, is the time that we've succeeded in agreeing with the publishers so that we can turn around the Welsh version in that period of time.
Welsh: Ac efallai bod eisiau pwysleisio mai cyfieithu a golygu fel pecyn yw'r broses, ac weithiau mae yna lawn gymaint o amser yn gorfod mynd ar y golygu, sut mae'r Gymraeg yn gweithio o ran diagramau a phethau sydd ddim yn destun o fewn y gyfrol - lluniau ac yn y blaen. Felly, wyth wythnos, rydw i'n credu, yw'r amser rŷm ni wedi llwyddo i'w cytuno gyda'r cyhoeddwyr, ac efallai ein bod ni'n gallu troi rownd y fersiwn Gymraeg o fewn y cyfnod hwnnw.
English: We can only work on those books that are in the process of being developed. Naturally, if something is late in English, then that timetable would be affected in terms of a decision that will ultimately have to be taken. But that's the hope: that when new textbooks are produced in English and authored in English, we would look at that eight-week period as a turnaround.
Welsh: Gallwn ni ddim ond gweithio ar lyfrau sydd yn y broses o gael eu gwneud, yntefe? Yn naturiol, byddai amserlen sydd yn hwyr yn y Saesneg yn sicr yn cael effaith ar y penderfyniad y bydd yn rhaid cael ei wneud yn y pen draw. Ond dyna yw'r gobaith: pan fydd yna lyfrau newydd yn cael eu cynhyrchu yn y Saesneg a'u hawduro yn Saesneg, byddem ni'n yn edrych ar yr wyth wythnos yna.
English: We're entirely open to that and to that sort of model.
Welsh: Rydym ni'n hollol agored i hynny. Hollol agored i'r fath yna o fodel.
English: Well, of course, it would happen with subjects that stem from Wales, but I think the problem is that we work with publishers and those publishers and their authors, therefore, tend to work through the medium of English. But, just to be clear, this idea of delaying an English version is something that the Welsh Government is eager for us to experiment with, but not with textbooks that are already late. They are within the new programme of textbooks that are contained within the grant that you mentioned of £500,000. So, in a way, this is an experiment and the Welsh Government wants to look at this as one way of responding to the complaint that there are different timetables available.
Welsh: Wel, wrth gwrs, bydd e'n digwydd mewn pynciau sydd â'u targed yng Nghymru, ond rydw i'n meddwl mai'r broblem yw ein bod ni'n gweithio gyda chyhoeddwyr ac mae'r cyhoeddwyr hynny a'u hawduron, felly, yn tueddu i fod yn bobl sy'n gweithio trwy'r Saesneg. Ond, jest i fod yn glir, mae'r syniad yma o oedi cyfrol Saesneg yn rhywbeth y mae Llywodraeth Cymru'n frwd ein bod ni'n arbrofi gydag e, ond nid gyda chyfrolau sy'n hwyr ydy'r bwriad yna. Maen nhw o fewn y rhaglen newydd o werslyfrau sydd yn y grant yr oeddech chi'n sôn amdano o £500,000. Felly, mewn ffordd, arbrawf yw hwn ac mae Llywodraeth Cymru eisiau defnyddio hwn fel un ffordd o ymateb i'r gŵyn fod yna wahanol amseroedd.
English: Well, as long as the textbook isn't late in the first place, then yes; it's worth trying. There is a challenge on the eight weeks, there is a challenge in the publisher sticking to the timetable in terms of the English version first of all, but we are willing to use this as a test bed, and we're working on two specific textbooks on this.
Welsh: Wel, cyn belled â bod y gwerslyfr ddim yn hwyr i ddechrau, ydyn; mae'n werth rhoi cynnig arni. Mae yna her ynglŷn â'r wyth wythnos, mae yna her ynglŷn â bod y cyhoeddwr yn gallu cadw at yr amserlen o ran y gyfrol Saesneg i ddechrau, ond rŷm ni'n fodlon arbrofi, ac rydw i'n meddwl mai dwy gyfrol rŷm ni'n sôn am wneud hyn gyda nhw.
English: Well, no, in a way, it uses the same principle as we have regarding our use of digital resources. With the digital materials, the intention is that things are available in time and that they're available in both languages at the same time. So, trying to imitate that with printed text is what we're trying to do, but not with texts that are already late. So, if these books keep to the timetable, then they will be available in time in both languages, but that the English version has stayed before going out on the shelves.
Welsh: Wel, na, mewn ffordd, mae'n defnyddio'r un egwyddor ag sydd gennym ni ar gyfer ein deunyddiau digidol. Gyda'n deunyddiau digidol, y bwriad yw bod pethau ar gael mewn pryd a'u bod nhw ar gael yn y ddwy iaith yr un pryd. Felly, ceisio efelychu hynny ond gyda thestun print, ond nid gyda testunau sydd eisoes yn hwyr. Felly, os ydy'r llyfrau yma'n cadw at eu hamserlenni, yna byddan nhw ar gael mewn pryd yn y ddwy iaith, ond bod y fersiwn Saesneg wedi aros cyn mynd mas ar y silffoedd.
English: So, that's to say that the English version will be completed eight weeks beforehand so that you have eight weeks for translation.
Welsh: Hynny yw, bydd y fersiwn Saesneg wyth wythnos yn gynt yn cael ei chwblhau fel eich bod chi'n cael wyth wythnos i gyfieithu.
English: Well, ultimately, I may have used the wrong words in saying that we're holding the English back. The English version would still be in the process, just as the Welsh version would be, and then they would catch up as they approach the date for publication and printing. There is an element of editing the English as well as the Welsh and that would happen in that eight-week period. So, a draft form might be available, and we do ensure that our draft versions are available on our secure website as soon as possible, but then that has to be held up before publication.
Welsh: Wel, y peth yw, yn y pen draw, efallai fy mod i wedi defnyddio'r geiriau anghywir o ran dweud ein bod yn dal y Saesneg yn ôl. Mi fydd y Saesneg yn y broses yr un fath â'r Gymraeg, felly byddan nhw'n dal i fyny, wedyn, wrth iddyn nhw ddod at yr elfen o gyhoeddi yn y pen draw, o ran yr argraffu. Mae yna elfen, wrth gwrs, o olygu'r Saesneg yn ogystal â'r Gymraeg a bydd hynny'n digwydd ar yr un pryd. Felly, efallai bod yna ffurf ddrafft a rŷm ni yn sicrhau bod y llyfrau drafft ar gael ar ein gwefan ddiogel cyn gynted â bod hynny'n bosib, ond wrth gwrs mae'n rhaid dal i fyny wedyn yn y pen draw, cyn argraffu.
English: I think this is a point for Qualifications Wales to a certain extent, but applicants for qualifications in Wales are assessed as a national cohort, if truth be told, so, each piece of information we have on the standards is evaluated for that national cohort. The standards stem from the three-nation system. So, in discussion with Qualifications Wales, we ensure that there is no disadvantage to any cohort in Wales in any subject, be that because of a textbook being unavailable or for any other reason.
Welsh: Rydw i'n meddwl efallai fod hwn yn bwynt i Gymwysterau Cymru i raddau, ond mae'r ymgeiswyr ar gyfer cymhwyster yng Nghymru yn cael eu hasesu fel carfan genedlaethol, mewn gwirionedd, ac felly, mae pob darn o wybodaeth sydd gyda ni ynglŷn â safonau yn cael ei gloriannu ar gyfer y grŵp cenedlaethol cyfan. Mae tarddiad y safonau yn mynd nôl i'r gyfundrefn tair gwlad. Felly, trwy drafodaeth gyda Chymwysterau Cymru, rydym ni'n sicrhau nad oes yna unrhyw anfantais i unrhyw garfan yng Nghymru mewn unrhyw bwnc, boed hynny oherwydd nad oedd gwerslyfr ar gael neu boed hynny am unrhyw reswm arall.
English: I'd have to agree. There is evidence of their concern, isn't there? But as Philip said, what we don't have is evidence that that anxiety then has an impact on their attainment, because there are so many factors, there are so many different kinds of resources that they've referred to - even those who want to see textbooks, they're also talking about so many other materials that are available to them. Of course, it's also clear that they are conscientious young people who have worked hard, so you have a picture there of young people who are concerned, yes, and as you've said, examinations are a stressful time in general, but they are also young people who are doing their level best, and usually do get the results that they have worked for. That's the evidence that we have: the results tend to be achieved.
Welsh: Mae'n rhaid i fi gytuno. Mae yna dystiolaeth o'u pryder nhw, onid oes? Ond fel roedd Philip yn dweud, beth sydd gennym ni ddim yw tystiolaeth bod y pryder yna wedyn yn trosglwyddo i effaith ar eu cyflawniad nhw, oherwydd mae yna gymaint o ffactorau, mae yna gymaint o wahanol fathau o adnoddau maen nhw'n cyfeirio atyn nhw - hyd yn oed y rhai sy'n dymuno gweld gwerslyfr, maen nhw hefyd yn sôn am gymaint o bethau eraill sydd ganddyn nhw. Wrth gwrs, mae'n amlwg hefyd eu bod nhw'n bobl ifanc cydwybodol sydd wedi gweithio'n galed, felly rydw i'n meddwl bod y darlun sydd yna o bobl ifanc sydd yn pryderu, ac fel rydych chi'n dweud, mae arholiadau yn gyfnod pryderus yn gyffredinol, ond maen nhw hefyd yn bobl ifanc sy'n mynd ati i wneud eu gorau glas ac fel arfer yn cael y canlyniadau maen nhw wedi gweithio tuag atyn nhw. Dyna'r dystiolaeth sydd gennym ni: mae'r canlyniadau yn tueddu i'w bodloni nhw.