English: As we already know, Wales is well positioned to play a global leading role in marine energy, with 1,200 km of coastline and up to 6 GW of generating capacity through the potential for wave and tidal stream. If we are to reach net zero by 2050, or perhaps before, we need to massively increase renewable energy generation in Wales. The Minister and Deputy Minister said in a letter to the Climate Change, Environment, and Infrastructure Committee that, since 2019, work has been under way to stimulate renewable tidal power generation in the seas around Wales and to help to support other forms of marine energy generation. As a recent report on the Welsh Government's marine policies by the Senedd's climate change committee makes clear, with reference to evidence from Jess Hooper, there has been a lack of policy support for tidal range developments from the UK Government, and that the large scale of some projects meant that they did not fall within the competence of Welsh Government, such as the north Wales tidal lagoon project. What's clear is that a lack of powers, a lack of policy support and a lack of financial resources, not to mention severe grid constraints, skills gaps and insufficient port infrastructure, are seriously holding us back when it comes to fully realising our marine energy potential, our ability to respond to climate, and our ability to build a greener and fairer economy in the process. Is now not the time to seek greater powers over large-scale renewable energy projects? I'd like to ask the Minister what conversations he's had with his ministerial colleagues in Welsh Government as well as the UK Government, regarding the further devolution of powers over large-scale energy projects, so those that are above 350MW, does he agree that we need further powers in order to realise our potential for offshore energy development? Now, the report also notes the number of jobs that will be created through offshore renewables, with Marine Energy Wales stating that floating offshore wind alone is expected to generate 3,000 jobs by 2030, if the early mover opportunity is seized. David Jones of Simply Blue Energy said that, because of the predicted need for jobs in the sector, which is, by the way, 70,000 by 2026 to deliver the current programme, his company had engaged with local schools and further education, focusing on science, technology, engineering and mathematics and skills development. As part of the Deputy Minister for Climate Change's deep dive on renewable energy, he confirmed that Welsh Government will develop a net-zero skills action plan by spring 2022. Well, of course, we're in spring 2022, and, whilst I welcome the Government's continued commitment to delivering on that plan, could the Minister provide a new rough estimate on when we will see this plan? Because to achieve our ambitions around net zero, I can't emphasise enough how important it will be to get to grips with the skills gap in the green economy, and I would be interested if the Minister could also provide timescales for implementation and the Government's targets with regard to green job creation in the sector by 2050 as soon as possible. Finally, according to UKRI's own figures for 2018 and 2019, research councils and Innovate UK spent £5.4 billion across the UK, only £131 million of which was spent in Wales. This amounted to 2.4 per cent of the total and £42 per capita, the lowest such figure among the UK's comparable nations and regions. If research spending were devolved and fed through the Barnett formula, then the Welsh Government could expect to receive an allocation equivalent to around 5.9 per cent of the total. Given that Wales lags behind the rest of the UK when it comes to research and innovation funding, I'd like to hear if, or rather how, the Minister plans to scale up research and innovation funding in the marine energy sector to help them develop and deliver positive outcomes.
Welsh: Fel y gwyddom eisoes, mae Cymru mewn sefyllfa dda i chwarae rhan flaenllaw yn fyd-eang o ran ynni'r môr, gyda 1,200km o arfordir a hyd at 6GW o gapasiti cynhyrchu drwy botensial ffrwd tonnau a llanw. Os ydym am gyrraedd sero net erbyn 2050, neu efallai cyn hynny, mae angen i ni gynyddu'n aruthrol yr ynni adnewyddadwy a gynhyrchir yng Nghymru. Dywedodd y Gweinidog a'r Dirprwy Weinidog mewn llythyr at y Pwyllgor Newid Hinsawdd, yr Amgylchedd a Seilwaith fod gwaith wedi bod ar y gweill ers 2019 i ysgogi cynhyrchu ynni'r llanw adnewyddadwy yn y moroedd o amgylch Cymru ac i helpu i gefnogi mathau eraill o gynhyrchu ynni'r môr. Fel y mae adroddiad diweddar ar bolisïau morol Llywodraeth Cymru gan bwyllgor newid hinsawdd y Senedd yn ei gwneud yn glir, gan gyfeirio at dystiolaeth gan Jess Hooper, bu diffyg cymorth polisi ar gyfer datblygiadau amrediad llanw gan Lywodraeth y DU, a bod graddfa fawr rhai prosiectau yn golygu nad oedden nhw'n dod o fewn cymhwysedd Llywodraeth Cymru, megis prosiect morlyn llanw'r gogledd. Yr hyn sy'n amlwg yw bod diffyg pwerau, diffyg cymorth polisi a diffyg adnoddau ariannol, heb sôn am gyfyngiadau difrifol ar y grid, bylchau mewn sgiliau a seilwaith porthladdoedd annigonol, yn ein dal yn ôl o ddifrif pan ddaw'n fater o wireddu ein potensial ynni'r môr yn llawn, ein gallu i ymateb i'r hinsawdd, a'n gallu i adeiladu economi wyrddach a thecach drwy hynny. Onid dyma'r amser i geisio mwy o bwerau dros brosiectau ynni adnewyddadwy ar raddfa fawr? Hoffwn ofyn i'r Gweinidog pa sgyrsiau y mae wedi eu cael gyda'i gyd-Weinidogion yn Llywodraeth Cymru yn ogystal â Llywodraeth y DU, ynghylch datganoli pwerau ymhellach dros brosiectau ynni ar raddfa fawr, felly'r rhai sydd dros 350MW, a yw'n cytuno bod angen rhagor o bwerau arnom er mwyn gwireddu ein potensial ar gyfer datblygu ynni ar y môr? Nawr, mae'r adroddiad hefyd yn nodi nifer y swyddi a fydd yn cael eu creu drwy ynni adnewyddadwy ar y môr, gydag Ynni Môr Cymru yn datgan y disgwylir i wynt ar y môr yn unig greu 3,000 o swyddi erbyn 2030, os manteisir ar y cyfle i symud yn gynnar. Dywedodd David Jones o Simply Blue Energy, oherwydd yr angen a ragwelir am swyddi yn y sector, sef, gyda llaw, 70,000 erbyn 2026 i gyflwyno'r rhaglen bresennol, fod ei gwmni wedi ymgysylltu ag ysgolion lleol ac addysg bellach, gan ganolbwyntio ar wyddoniaeth, technoleg, peirianneg a mathemateg a datblygu sgiliau. Fel rhan o astudiaeth ddofn y Dirprwy Weinidog Newid Hinsawdd ar ynni adnewyddadwy, cadarnhaodd y bydd Llywodraeth Cymru yn datblygu cynllun gweithredu sgiliau sero net erbyn gwanwyn 2022. Wel, wrth gwrs, rydym yng ngwanwyn 2022, ac, er fy mod i'n croesawu ymrwymiad parhaus y Llywodraeth i gyflawni'r cynllun hwnnw, a wnaiff y Gweinidog ddarparu amcangyfrif bras newydd ynghylch pryd y byddwn yn gweld y cynllun hwn? Oherwydd er mwyn cyflawni ein huchelgeisiau o ran sero net, ni allaf bwysleisio digon pa mor bwysig fydd mynd i'r afael â'r bwlch sgiliau yn yr economi werdd, a byddai gen i ddiddordeb pe bai'r Gweinidog yn darparu amserlenni hefyd ar gyfer gweithredu a thargedau'r Llywodraeth o ran creu swyddi gwyrdd yn y sector erbyn 2050 cyn gynted â phosibl. Yn olaf, yn ôl ffigurau UKRI ei hun ar gyfer 2018 a 2019, gwariodd cynghorau ymchwil ac Innovate UK £5.4 biliwn ledled y DU, dim ond £131 miliwn o hwnnw a wariwyd yng Nghymru. Roedd hyn yn cyfateb i 2.4 y cant o'r cyfanswm a £42 y pen, y ffigur isaf o'r fath ymysg gwledydd a rhanbarthau tebyg y DU. Pe bai gwariant ymchwil yn cael ei ddatganoli a'i fwydo drwy fformiwla Barnett, yna gallai Llywodraeth Cymru ddisgwyl cael dyraniad sy'n cyfateb i tua 5.9 y cant o'r cyfanswm. O gofio bod Cymru ar ei hôl hi o'i chymharu â gweddill y DU o ran cyllid ymchwil ac arloesi, hoffwn glywed a yw'r Gweinidog, neu yn hytrach sut y mae'n bwriadu cynyddu cyllid ymchwil ac arloesi yn sector ynni'r môr i'w helpu i ddatblygu a sicrhau canlyniadau cadarnhaol.