English: I will speak in Welsh. First of all, I'd like to pay tribute to all the excellent journalists within Reach, Newsquest and the BBC at a very uncertain time for them. It's important to note that there are people with mortgages and rent to pay and families to support, and they're at the heart of everything we're discussing today. The irony of all of this, of course, is that coronavirus has proven the value for Wales of having its own media, whilst simultaneously doing more than anything else to damage those media. In terms of the impact of coronavirus on the sector, what needs to be emphasised is that this crisis has been coming for a long time. It's been 20 years, since the beginning of devolution, since online journalism started to displace more profitable types of journalism, such as print, and unfortunately, despite devolution, I don't think we as a nation have done much to tackle this problem. What coronavirus has done, if truth be told, in my view, is to hasten by two or three years processes that were already in train. But there may also be some benefits from the point of view of the fact that the situation is so critical today that it'll actually wake us up to the need to take action and the need to address this, because I think it's a very real threat to devolution itself. We know from academic research done by Stephen and other academics, and opinion polls, that the people of Wales are, generally speaking, quite ignorant about devolution in Wales, and that is a direct result of the weakness of Welsh media. With changes within Reach, particularly, and the suggestion that the Welsh branch could be merged with the midlands branch in England, I think there is a very real risk that there will be even less content on the company's website and in its newspapers that will be relevant to Wales from here on in, and this will create even further confusion as to what is devolved to Wales and what is not devolved to Wales. With the various threats starting to appear to devolution itself, I do think that we need to strengthen the media in Wales if we expect people to understand what's at stake. I think, as Emma said earlier, the good news is that there is no absence of demand for news that's relevant to Wales. I did my doctorate on the nineteenth century, and I think there are more people today reading news about Wales than was ever the case in Welsh history. In March, there was talk that WalesOnline had 50 million page views in one month. And, again, as Emma said, I've heard from a number of other news services that their online readership has increased significantly as a result of the coronavirus crisis. So it's important to bear in mind that demand isn't the problem, it's the provision. It's the supply, rather than the demand for news about Wales and Welsh news. The problem, of course, is that we haven't been able to find a business model that can sustain online news to the same extent as traditional news output had done. For example, 80 per cent of Reach's income still comes from print, rather than online, although there are huge audiences accessing their website as compared to the numbers actually reading their newspapers. What we need to emphasise, I think, is that the state of news media in Wales is even worse than it appears on the surface, because if you look at a list of news media in Wales, there appears to be a whole range of news sources there, which suggests plurality that doesn't truly exist. Because what you have in a number of cases in these services is that they have now shrunk to one or two members of staff who are responsible for whole newspapers or whole websites, and occasionally it's more than one newspaper and website. It's almost impossible for them to do any kind of real investigative journalism. So, what they do very often is to process information - they select press releases that they think might be relevant to their readership.
Welsh: Gwnaf i siarad yn Gymraeg, os yn bosib. I ddechrau, hoffwn i dalu teyrnged i'r holl newyddiadurwyr penigamp yn Reach, Newsquest a'r BBC ar adeg hynod ansicr iddyn nhw. Mae'n bwysig cofio bod yna lawer o bobl sydd â morgeisi a rhent i'w talu a theuluoedd i'w cynnal wrth galon y cwestiynau rydym ni'n eu trafod heddiw. Eironi'r cyfan, wrth gwrs, ydy bod coronafeirws wedi profi fwy nag erioed y gwerth i Gymru o gael ei chyfryngau ei hun tra ar yr un pryd wedi gwneud mwy nag unrhyw beth arall i niweidio'r cyfryngau hynny. O ran effaith coronafeirws ar y sector, beth sydd angen ei bwysleisio dwi'n credu yw bod yr argyfwng yma wedi bod yn dod ers amser hir. Mae wedi bod yn 20 mlynedd, ers dechrau datganoli mewn gwirionedd, ers i newyddiaduraeth ar-lein ddechrau disodli mathau mwy proffidiol o newyddiaduraeth fel print, ac yn anffodus, er gwaethaf datganoli, dwi ddim yn meddwl ein bod ni fel cenedl wedi gwneud ryw lawer i fynd i'r afael â'r broblem yma. A'r hyn mae coronafeirws wedi ei wneud mewn gwirionedd, yn fy marn i, ydy prysuro'r broses gan tua dwy neu dair blynedd oedd yn digwydd beth bynnag. Ond efallai fod yna rai manteision yn hynny o beth o ran y ffaith bod y sefyllfa wedi mynd mor argyfyngus heddiw y byddwn ni'n deffro'n hunain, mewn gwirionedd, i'r brys a'r angen i weithredu i wneud rhywbeth am hyn, achos dwi'n meddwl ei fod yn fygythiad go iawn i ddatganoli ei hun. Rydym ni'n gwybod o ymchwil academaidd Stephen ac academyddion eraill, a'r polau piniwn, fod pobl Cymru ar y cyfan yn gymharol anwybodus ynglŷn â datganoli yng Nghymru, ac mae hynny'n ganlyniad uniongyrchol, i raddau, i wendid y cyfryngau Cymreig. Gyda newidiadau yn Reach yn arbennig, a'r awgrym y gallai cangen Gymreig y cwmni gael ei chyfuno gyda changen canolbarth Lloegr, dwi'n meddwl bod yna berygl gwirioneddol y bydd hyd yn oed llai o gynnwys gwefannau a phapurau newydd y cwmni yn berthnasol i Gymru o hyn ymlaen, a bydd hynny yn ei dro wedyn yn creu dryswch pellach ynglŷn â beth sydd wedi ei ddatganoli i Gymru a beth sydd ddim wedi ei ddatganoli. A gyda bygythiadau lu yn dechrau ymddangos rŵan i ddatganoli ei hun, yn dechrau amlygu eu hunain, dwi'n meddwl bod angen cryfhau'r cyfryngau yng Nghymru os ydyn ni'n disgwyl i bobl ddeall beth sydd yn y fantol yn hynny o beth. Dwi'n meddwl, fel roedd Emma yn ei ddweud, y newyddion da, dwi'n meddwl, ydy does yna ddim diffyg galw am newyddion sy'n berthnasol i Gymru. Mae yna fwy o bobl - . Gwnes i fy noethuriaeth ar y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg, a dwi'n meddwl bod yna fwy o bobl heddiw yn darllen newyddion am Gymru nag erioed o'r blaen yn hanes Cymru. Ym mis Mawrth, roedd yna sôn bod WalesOnline, er enghraifft, wedi cyrraedd 50 miliwn o ymweliadau tudalen mewn mis yn unig. Eto, fel roedd Emma'n dweud, dwi wedi clywed gan sawl gwasanaeth newyddion arall bod eu ffigurau darllenwyr ar-lein wedi cynyddu'n sylweddol o ganlyniad i'r argyfwng coronafeirws. Felly mae'n bwysig cofio nad y galw ydy'r broblem, ond yn hytrach y ddarpariaeth - y supply, yn hytrach na'r demand am newyddion am Gymru a newyddion Cymreig. Y broblem ydy, wrth gwrs, ein bod ni ddim wedi gallu dod o hyd i fodel busnes sydd yn gallu cynnal newyddiaduraeth ar-lein i'r un graddau ag yr oedd mathau traddodiadol o newyddiaduraeth yn ei wneud. Er enghraifft, mae 80 y cant o incwm Reach yn dal i ddod o brint, yn hytrach nag ar-lein ar hyn o bryd, er bod yna gynulleidfaoedd anferth yn defnyddio eu gwefannau nhw o gymharu efo faint sy'n darllen eu papurau newydd nhw. A beth sydd angen inni ei bwysleisio, dwi'n credu, ydy bod cyflwr y cyfryngau newyddion yng Nghymru hyd yn oed yn waeth nag y mae'n ymddangos ar yr wyneb, oherwydd os ydych chi'n edrych ar restr o'r cyfryngau newyddion yng Nghymru, mae fel pe bai yna amrywiaeth mawr o ffynonellau newyddion yno, ac mae hynny'n awgrymu plwraliaeth sydd ddim yn bodoli, mewn gwirionedd. Oherwydd yr hyn sydd gyda chi mewn llawer o achosion yn y gwasanaethau hyn ydy eu bod nhw wedi crebachu rŵan i un neu ddau aelod o staff sy'n gyfrifol am bapur newydd cyfan, neu wefannau cyfan, ac weithiau mwy nag un papur newydd a gwefan. Mae bron yn amhosibl iddyn nhw wneud unrhyw fath o newyddiaduraeth ymchwiliadol go iawn. Yr hyn sy'n digwydd yn lle hynny ydy mai'r hyn maen nhw'n ei wneud, mewn gwirionedd, yn aml iawn ydy prosesu gwybodaeth - dewis a dethol datganiadau i'r wasg maen nhw'n credu fydd yn berthnasol i'w darllenwyr nhw.