English: I move the amendment, Deputy Presiding Officer. According to Public Health Wales, ambient air quality in the UK has, on the whole, improved steadily over recent decades, mainly as a result of a reduction in industrial emissions and better regulation and technological advances in clean vehicle fuels and more efficient engines. But it's a great tragedy, really, that against that generally improving air quality, we still have real problems, and much of the gains are offset by the increasing number of road vehicles, and they're often concentrated in particularly deprived areas, as Simon has just outlined. So, I do think we need to return to this and have a targeted approach, a very local approach, and to realise how integrated it is to some of the wider factors like deprivation - and also the heath issues, which I think are very prominent, and I won't repeat them, as Simon covered that. But just to say, as well as the appalling individual costs, the societal costs estimated by DEFRA are very considerable, amounting annually to something like £27.5 billion. Particulates alone are estimated at £16 billion a year, so we clearly need to take action here very forcefully. Can I just say that the Conservative amendment, I think, is necessary? Just because point 3 of this motion, I think, is a little grudging and unco-operative in its aim. So, I'm trying to put that right, because we do need a co-ordinated effort across parties and across Government, which, in fairness to the Minister, the tone of her speech did reflect. We would very much welcome the substantive measures such as phasing out new petrol and diesel cars and vans by 2040. We should be encouraging a greater partnership with that, ensuring it's effectively enforced, and, possibly, as public opinion perhaps becomes more forceful as well and demanding, then we may even do a bit better than those targets. So, in general, I think that we need to be reflecting the work that has been done in a very pioneering way by the UK Government. I think it's the first to announce these targets, and I do think that that's the type of vision that we should be replicating over the areas under our control. I welcome, in general, Plaid's amendments, apart from the final amendment, which we'll abstain on because of its self-congratulatory tone, which we don't want to be particularly - [ Interruption. ] I thought the other amendments were quite constructive; amendment 1 just reiterating those points around the public health aspects. I particularly thought amendment 4 was helpful, in terms of air quality management around schools. If you look at the exposure of children to severe air pollution and the effects that has, it really is quite concerning. I know that a recent freedom of information request submitted by the British Lung Foundation to local authorities found that 57 per cent of them were not monitoring air pollution within 10m of schools. Now, that's a UK-wide issue - I do accept that it's not just Wales. But I think that's a very clear indicator of what we should be doing, really, to ensure that we're driving up standards and particularly protecting the most vulnerable. Before I conclude, Deputy Presiding Officer, could I quickly speak about the role of towns and cities in these efforts? Wales's urban areas are at the front line of the fight to reduce emissions and to improve air quality. I have recognised this for a long time and called for more significant measures to address this. I am pleased that this is now much higher on the agenda. There was a Conservative minority debate on this very early in this Assembly, in the summer of 2016, because it had not been mentioned in the programme for government - air quality - and we were very concerned about that. So, we did raise the issue then. In fairness to the Welsh Government, they have devoted increasing attention to it, but I think some very pertinent points have already been made by Simon about the need to drive through targets now. Five towns and cities in Wales - Port Talbot, Chepstow, Cardiff, Newport and Swansea - reported illegal and damaging levels of air pollution in 2016, and it's not difficult to see why and the sort of action that we do need to reduce that in terms of reduced car use and more active travel plans. The problem we have from vehicle emissions is an overriding issue, and these are responsible for about 70 per cent of airborne pollutants. I'm pleased to see a couple of statements of opinion on this, and I have put one down calling for the Welsh Government to pilot a clean air zone in Cardiff. I think that would really be useful. To date, the leading role for local authorities has been front and centre of air quality policy, but we must also recognise the need for national leadership. We've seen that from the UK Government. I think we need to see more now from Welsh Government, but they will have our co-operation when they do the right thing. Whilst we've amended the motion, I'm sure that we will support whatever the Assembly adopts this afternoon in this important debate. Thank you.
Welsh: Cynigiaf y gwelliant, Dirprwy Lywydd. Yn ôl Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru, mae ansawdd amgylchynol yr aer yn y DU ar y cyfan, wedi gwella'n gyson dros y degawdau diweddar, yn bennaf o ganlyniad i leihad mewn allyriadau diwydiannol a gwell rheoleiddio a datblygiadau technolegol mewn tanwydd cerbydau glân a pheiriannau mwy effeithlon. Ond mae'n drasiedi fawr, mewn gwirionedd, o ystyried bod ansawdd aer yn gwella ar y cyfan, bod gennym ni broblemau gwirioneddol o hyd, ac mae llawer o'r enillion yn cael eu gwrthbwyso gan y nifer gynyddol o gerbydau ar y ffyrdd, ac maen nhw yn aml yn crynhoi mewn ardaloedd difreintiedig iawn, fel y mae Simon newydd ei amlinellu. Rwy'n credu felly bod angen inni ddychwelyd at hyn a chael dull wedi'i dargedu, ymagwedd leol iawn, ac i sylweddoli pa mor integredig yw hyn â rhai o'r ffactorau ehangach fel amddifadedd - a hefyd y materion iechyd, sy'n amlwg iawn, yn fy marn i, ac ni wnaf eu hailadrodd, gan fod Simon wedi nodi hynny. Ond dim ond i ddweud, yn ogystal â'r costau unigol ofnadwy, mae'r costau cymdeithasol a amcangyfrifwyd gan DEFRA yn sylweddol iawn, sef cyfanswm bob blwyddyn o rywbeth fel £27.5 biliwn. Amcangyfrifir bod gronynnau ar eu pennau eu hunain yn £16 biliwn y flwyddyn, felly mae'n amlwg bod angen inni gymryd camau yn y fan yma mewn modd grymus iawn. A gaf i ddweud bod gwelliant y Ceidwadwyr, yn fy marn i, yn angenrheidiol? Dim ond oherwydd bod pwynt 3 y cynnig hwn, yn fy marn i, ychydig yn anfoddog ac yn anghydweithredol o ran ei nod. Felly, rwy'n ceisio unioni hynny, oherwydd bod angen ymdrech gydgysylltiedig arnom ar draws y pleidiau ac ar draws y Llywodraeth, yr oedd, er tegwch i'r Gweinidog, tôn ei haraith yn ei adlewyrchu. Byddem yn croesawu'r prif fesurau yn fawr fel cael gwared ar geir a faniau petrol a diesel newydd yn raddol erbyn 2040. Dylem ni fod yn annog partneriaeth gyda hynny, gan sicrhau ei fod yn cael ei orfodi yn effeithiol ac, o bosibl, wrth i'r farn gyhoeddus efallai ddod yn fwy grymus hefyd a heriol, yna gallem ni hyd yn oed wneud ychydig yn well na'r targedau. Felly, yn gyffredinol, rwy'n credu bod angen inni adlewyrchu'r gwaith sydd wedi'i wneud mewn ffordd arloesol iawn gan Lywodraeth y DU. Rwy'n credu mai hi yw'r cyntaf i gyhoeddi'r targedau hyn, ac rwy'n credu mai dyna'r math o weledigaeth y dylem ni fod yn ei hailadrodd yn y meysydd sydd o dan ein rheolaeth. Yn gyffredinol, rwy'n croesawu gwelliannau Plaid Cymru, ar wahân i'r gwelliant olaf, a byddwn ni'n ymatal ar hwnnw oherwydd ei dôn hunanglodforus, gan nad ydym yn arbennig eisiau bod felly - [ torri ar draws. ] Roeddwn i o'r farn bod y gwelliannau eraill yn eithaf adeiladol; gwelliant 1 yn ailadrodd y pwyntiau hynny ynghylch yr agweddau ar iechyd y cyhoedd. Roeddwn i'n meddwl yn arbennig bod gwelliant 4 yn ddefnyddiol, o ran rheoli ansawdd aer o amgylch ysgolion. Os edrychwch chi ar amlygiad plant i lygredd aer difrifol ac effeithiau hynny, mae'n codi cryn bryder. Rwy'n gwybod bod cais rhyddid gwybodaeth diweddar a gyflwynwyd gan Sefydliad Prydeinig yr Ysgyfaint i awdurdodau lleol wedi canfod nad oedd 57 y cant ohonyn nhw'n monitro llygredd aer o fewn 10m i ysgolion. Nawr, mae honno'n broblem ledled y DU - rwy'n derbyn nad dim ond yng Nghymru y mae hyn. Ond rwy'n credu bod hynny'n arwydd clir iawn o'r hyn y dylem ni fod yn ei wneud, mewn gwirionedd, i sicrhau ein bod ni'n gwella safonau ac yn amddiffyn y rhai mwyaf agored i niwed yn benodol. Cyn imi gloi, Dirprwy Lywydd, a gaf i sôn yn gyflym am swyddogaeth trefi a dinasoedd yn yr ymdrechion hyn? Mae ardaloedd trefol Cymru yn rheng flaen y frwydr i leihau allyriadau ac i wella ansawdd aer. Rwyf wedi cydnabod hyn ers amser maith ac wedi galw am fesurau mwy sylweddol i fynd i'r afael â hyn. Rwy'n falch bod hyn yn llawer uwch ar yr agenda erbyn hyn. Roedd dadl leiafrifol Geidwadol ar hyn yn gynnar iawn yn y Cynulliad hwn, yn ystod haf 2016, gan nad oedd wedi ei grybwyll yn y rhaglen lywodraethu - ansawdd aer - ac roeddem ni'n bryderus iawn am hynny. Felly, fe wnaethom godi'r mater bryd hynny. Er tegwch i Lywodraeth Cymru, maen nhw wedi rhoi mwy o sylw iddo, ond rwy'n credu bod rhai pwyntiau perthnasol iawn sydd eisoes wedi'u gwneud gan Simon am yr angen i sefydlu targedau nawr. Adroddodd pum tref a dinas yng Nghymru - Port Talbot, Cas-gwent, Caerdydd, Casnewydd ac Abertawe - lefelau anghyfreithlon a niweidiol o lygredd aer yn 2016, ac nid yw hi'n anodd gweld pam, a'r math o gamau y mae eu hangen arnom o ran lleihau'r defnydd o geir a mwy o gynlluniau teithio llesol. Mae'r broblem sydd gennym o allyriadau cerbydau yn fater tra phwysig, a dyma sy'n gyfrifol am tua 70 y cant o'r llygryddion yn yr aer. Rwy'n falch o weld un neu ddau o ddatganiadau barn ar hyn, ac rwyf i wedi gosod un yn galw ar Lywodraeth Cymru i gynnal cynllun treialu parth aer glân yng Nghaerdydd. Rwy'n credu y byddai hynny'n ddefnyddiol iawn. Hyd yma, mae swyddogaeth arweiniol awdurdodau lleol wedi bod yn rhan amlwg o'r polisi ansawdd aer, ond mae'n rhaid inni hefyd gydnabod yr angen am arweiniad cenedlaethol. Rydym ni wedi gweld hynny gan Lywodraeth y DU. Rwy'n credu bod angen inni weld mwy erbyn hyn gan Lywodraeth Cymru, ond byddant yn cael ein cydweithrediad pan fyddant yn gwneud y peth iawn. Er ein bod wedi gwella'r cynnig, rwy'n siŵr y byddwn yn cefnogi beth bynnag y bydd y Cynulliad yn ei fabwysiadu y prynhawn yma yn y ddadl bwysig hon. Diolch.