English: I think that is the core trend. I agree with you and broadly what the Conservatives have been pushing in that area - that in education in Wales, the results seem to have got significantly worse over that period, and that has been the substantial trend. If there is some improvement this year, I think that we should recognise that, but I think the trend is still the dominant matter. With the Welsh second language, I won't ask for another intervention, but Welsh second language - is that the same as Welsh short course? Because my understanding was we're moving away from - [ Interruption.] They're two different things. I will try and understand that more clearly. But we are seeing significant changes in this area that makes it harder to make the comparisons that we seek to do in this motion. So, we note the Welsh Government research around key indicators. In some ways it's good to hear the Welsh Government's doing some research, particularly if it's being published, but there shouldn't be so much need for it, because we should have published and comparable data that we can all engage with in a consistent way. I've spoken before to the education Secretary both in the Chamber and elsewhere about my concerns about not publishing quality comparable statistics. I focused on 2014-17 when I was told that, actually, Estyn was publishing these results, and I was pleased to see that was the case, on school inspections, but that's now stopped, and I don't understand why that is. I was also disappointed to see the level 2 inclusive measure taken away as a requirement, and the schools being able to set their own targets and measures, and feared that would lead to them marking their own homework and not having the same reliability of comparison. But I do want to engage sensibly in this by making these points. I'm not arguing there should be a private market in education. I'm not saying schools shouldn't co-operate and work with each other, but I do think we need clear, published, reliable, trusted data about how well schools are doing in order to help drive improvement up. Finally, on the Conservative motion, I thought it was slightly hopeful of them to expect the Government to be apologising to all pupils for letting them down, but I think it's right that we haven't seen significant improvements. But it's worse than that - we saw a significant deteriorating trend even if there was some improvement this year. One thing I would like to congratulate the Government for in its motion is point (b), which strikes me as very impressive, if indeed Wales is voted first for A* at A-level. That really is a significant achievement. I don't know how issues with exam boards - perhaps we have exam boards that may be different; I don't know whether that's an issue or whether there are other factors - but on the face of it, that is an impressive thing that I would like to congratulate the Government on at least in its own narrow terms. I wonder whether the Seren programme that I've also spoken about quite frequently - whether those two things may be linked in any way. I'm certainly very keen to see the top end of the attainment area being stretched and given a real opportunity to deliver. But overall, we'd like to see clearer and better comparisons available to ensure proper accountability for schools, not to deliver a market, but in order to drive up standards. I don't think it's helpful to characterise it in that type of language, and I look forward to hearing what the education Minister's got to say in response.
Welsh: Credaf mai dyna'r duedd graidd. Cytunaf â chi ac, yn fras, â'r hyn y mae'r Ceidwadwyr wedi bod yn ei wthio yn y maes hwnnw - yn y maes addysg yng Nghymru, mae hi'n ymddangos bod y canlyniadau wedi gwaethygu'n sylweddol dros ystod y cyfnod hwnnw, a dyna oedd y duedd fwyaf. Os oes rhywfaint o welliant eleni, credaf y dylem gydnabod hynny, ond credaf mai'r duedd yw'r prif fater o hyd. Gyda Chymraeg ail iaith, nid wyf am ofyn am ymyriad arall, ond Cymraeg ail iaith - a yw hwnnw yr un fath â'r cwrs byr mewn Cymraeg? Oherwydd fy nealltwriaeth i oedd ein bod yn symud oddi wrth - [ Torri ar draws.] Maent yn ddau beth gwahanol. Ceisiaf ddeall hynny'n gliriach. Ond rydym yn gweld newidiadau sylweddol yn y maes hwn sy'n ei gwneud hi'n anos inni wneud y cymariaethau y ceisiwn eu gwneud yn y cynnig hwn. Felly, rydym yn nodi ymchwil Llywodraeth Cymru ynghylch dangosyddion allweddol. Mewn rhai ffyrdd mae'n dda clywed bod Llywodraeth Cymru yn gwneud rhywfaint o ymchwil, yn enwedig os yw'n cael ei chyhoeddi, ond ni ddylai fod cymaint o angen amdani, oherwydd dylem gael data cymaradwy wedi'i gyhoeddi y gall pawb ohonom ei ddeall mewn ffordd gyson. Rwyf wedi siarad o'r blaen â'r Ysgrifennydd addysg yn y Siambr ac mewn mannau eraill ynglŷn â fy mhryderon ynghylch peidio â chyhoeddi ystadegau cymaradwy o ansawdd. Canolbwyntiais ar 2014-17 pan ddywedwyd wrthyf, mewn gwirionedd, fod Estyn yn cyhoeddi'r canlyniadau hyn ar arolygiadau ysgolion, ac roeddwn yn falch o weld hynny, ond mae hynny bellach wedi dod i ben, ac nid wyf yn deall pam. Roeddwn yn siomedig hefyd o weld y mesur lefel 2 cynhwysol yn cael ei dynnu i ffwrdd fel gofyniad, a'r ysgolion yn gallu gosod eu targedau a'u mesurau eu hunain, ac yn ofni y byddai hynny'n arwain at eu gweld yn marcio eu gwaith cartref eu hunain heb allu cymharu mewn modd dibynadwy. Ond rwyf am ymwneud â hyn yn synhwyrol drwy wneud y pwyntiau hyn. Nid wyf yn dadlau y dylid cael marchnad breifat yn y maes addysg. Nid wyf yn dweud na ddylai ysgolion gydweithredu a gweithio gyda'i gilydd, ond rwy'n credu ein bod angen data clir, dibynadwy, wedi'i gyhoeddi, data y gellir ymddiried ynddo, ynglŷn â pha mor dda y mae ysgolion yn gwneud er mwyn helpu i hybu gwelliant. Yn olaf, ar gynnig y Ceidwadwyr, roeddwn yn meddwl eu bod yn obeithiol braidd i ddisgwyl i'r Llywodraeth ymddiheuro i bob disgybl am eu siomi, ond credaf ei fod yn gywir i nodi nad ydym wedi gweld gwelliannau sylweddol. Ond mae'n waeth na hynny - gwelsom duedd waethygol sylweddol hyd yn oed os cafwyd rhywfaint o welliant eleni. Un peth yr hoffwn longyfarch y Llywodraeth arno yn ei chynnig yw pwynt (b), sy'n ymddangos yn drawiadol iawn i mi, os yw Cymru yn wir wedi dod yn gyntaf o ran canlyniadau A* yn y safon uwch. Mae hwnnw'n gryn dipyn o gyflawniad. Nid wyf yn gwybod sut y mae pethau gyda byrddau arholi - efallai fod gennym fyrddau arholi a allai fod yn wahanol; nid wyf yn gwybod a yw hynny'n digwydd neu a oes ffactorau eraill - ond ar yr wyneb, mae hyn yn drawiadol a hoffwn longyfarch y Llywodraeth arno, ar ei thelerau cul ei hun o leiaf. Tybed a yw'r rhaglen Seren y siaradais innau amdani yn eithaf aml hefyd - a ellir cysylltu'r ddau beth hynny mewn unrhyw ffordd? Rwy'n sicr yn awyddus iawn i weld pen uchaf y maes cyrhaeddiad yn cael ei ymestyn ac yn cael cyfle go iawn i gyflawni. Ond yn gyffredinol, hoffem weld cymariaethau cliriach a gwell i sicrhau atebolrwydd priodol i ysgolion, nid ar gyfer cyflwyno marchnad, ond er mwyn gwella safonau. Nid wyf yn credu ei bod o fudd i ni ei ddisgrifio yn y ffordd honno, ac edrychaf ymlaen at glywed beth sydd gan y Gweinidog Addysg i'w ddweud mewn ymateb.