English: Diolch. I've never fully understood this concept of entrepreneurship, despite having tried to teach it for some period of time in my professional life. The concern I have is where entrepreneurship is wrapped up with the concept of small and medium-sized enterprises, and, of course, when you talk about innovation-driven entrepreneurship, which is what the Cabinet Secretary has raised today, you can start to understand what we're talking about. We're talking about high-tech fast growth, perhaps. But, nonetheless, not all small and medium-sized enterprises are considered to be entrepreneurial in those terms, and an awful lot of firms are microfirms, they're never going to grow beyond 10 employees, and you could even say that that's the vast majority of firms in the sector. Therefore, we should be careful when we use phrases like 'small firms are the lifeblood of the economy'. We need to know exactly what we're talking about, and I'm cautious when using such language. Self-employment is a separate thing, too, to the concept of entrepreneurship, and we see in the Government motion that it mentions better jobs alongside the concept of entrepreneurship. Well, not all jobs in small firms are better jobs. Some jobs are pretty hideous in small firms, where you've got people, maybe young people, on very low salaries doing the kind of jobs that machinery could be doing at higher cost for the business owner. So, it can be what the academics would call 'bleak house' HR within small firms, so we shouldn't just assume that entrepreneurship is all small and medium-sized enterprises and it's going to solve all economic problems. That said, what the Cabinet Secretary is talking about, particularly in the concept of business hubs, is working with academia, working with industry and partners, to develop innovation-driven entrepreneurship, which is that thing, which, also, Rhun ap Iorwerth has referred to, that will be an engine for growth. I'll come back to self-employment in a minute, but also the Cabinet Secretary mentioned community entrepreneurship projects, and, by that, I would assume the Cabinet Secretary is also referring to social enterprises, and I would, at this point, therefore, take the opportunity to mention a social enterprise in my constituency, the Ridgeway Golf Club. All profits plunge back into the Ridgeway Golf Club; it's got nine full-time employees, four part-time - these are the kinds of things we should be encouraging for community entrepreneurship - and they also do very reasonably-priced weddings, should any royals be watching this debate, as I'm sure they may well be. Self-employment, though, we need to consider as part of this entrepreneurship concept. There are 237,200 small enterprises in Wales, and they're employing 389,600 people. That is 1.6 employees per firm. So, a majority of small firms will not grow beyond that microfirm stage, and the business owners who run them don't want to. So, we need to be very clear about the kinds of businesses that are targeted when we refer to entrepreneurship. The northern Valleys, by which I mean Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent and Merthyr Tydfil local authorities, for example, have the lowest levels of self-employment in Wales. The Valleys area also has the lowest level of female self-employment in Wales, but not the lowest level of male self-employment. That could be because of the preponderance of construction businesses in that area. The Federation of Small Businesses recently produced, and launched at my cross-party group - the cross-party group I chair on small and medium-sized enterprises - a report on self-employment, which gives us that picture. Self-employed people in the Valleys also tend to have fewer educational qualifications than those in urban or rural Wales, and what would concern me is if the Government's approach is entirely towards high-tech fast-growth firms and leaving behind those self-employed people who are the foundation - the economy of the everyday that provides so much to our economy. Entrepreneurship - I get concerned - may leave out those people. So, the Welsh Government must encourage and grow sustainable self-employment and go beyond the construction sector, diversifying into sectors of the economy of the everyday, and ensuring that female business owners have as much opportunity as others. Welsh Government must also recognise that interaction between the self-employed is not just competitive and very often, at microfirm level, is collaborative. Small firms work together to build social capital. So, rather than find employees, very often small firms will work with associates to deliver certain projects. So, you get clusters of firms working together, which - . You asked the question. Well, 10 small firms employing 50 people: is that as valuable as one small firm employing 50 people? I'd say, 'Yes, it is'. So, don't let a focus on entrepreneurship let those people down. If we're going to boost entrepreneurship - and let's use the word - and make self-employment a success, we need to appreciate the nuanced way in which it works in different parts of Wales, and join it up with other strategies and initiatives that the Welsh Government has to offer.
Welsh: Diolch. Nid wyf i erioed wedi deall y cysyniad hwn o entrepreneuriaeth yn iawn, er gwaethaf ceisio'i addysgu am ryw gyfnod yn fy mywyd proffesiynol. Y pryder sydd gennyf i yw pan fo entrepreneuriaeth yn rhan o'r cysyniad o fentrau bach a chanolig, ac, wrth gwrs, pan eich bod chi'n sôn am entrepreneuriaeth arloesol, sef yr hyn y mae Ysgrifennydd Cabinet wedi ei godi heddiw, fe allwch chi ddechrau deall yr hyn yr ydym ni'n sôn amdano. Rydym ni'n sôn o bosib am dwf cyflym uwch-dechnoleg. Ond, serch hynny, ni chaiff pob busnes bach a chanolig ei ystyried yn entrepreneuraidd yn y termau hynny, ac mae llawer iawn ohonyn nhw yn gwmnïau bychain iawn, dydyn nhw byth yn mynd i dyfu y tu hwnt i 10 o weithwyr ac fe allech chi hyd yn oed ddweud mai dyna'r rhan fwyaf o gwmnïau yn y sector. Felly, fe ddylem ni fod yn ofalus pan rydym ni'n defnyddio ymadroddion fel 'busnesau bach yw anadl einioes yr economi'. Mae angen inni wybod yn union beth yr ydym ni'n siarad amdano, ac rwy'n ofalus wrth ddefnyddio iaith o'r fath. Mae hunangyflogaeth yn beth ar wahân, hefyd, i'r cysyniad o entrepreneuriaeth, a gwelwn fod cynnig y Llywodraeth yn sôn am swyddi gwell ochr yn ochr â'r cysyniad o entrepreneuriaeth. Wel, nid yw pob swydd mewn cwmnïau bach yn swyddi gwell. Mae rhai swyddi eithaf erchyll mewn cwmnïau bach, lle mae gennych chi bobl, pobl ifanc efallai, ar gyflogau bychain iawn y math o swyddi y gallai peiriannau ei wneud ar gost uwch i berchennog y busnes. Felly, gall fod yr hyn y mae academyddion yn ei alw yn adnoddau dynol 'bleak house' mewn cwmnïau bach, felly ni ddylem ni dybio bod entrepreneuriaeth yn golygu busnesau bach a chanolig yn unig a bod hynny'n mynd i ddatrys yr holl broblemau economaidd. Wedi dweud hynny, yr hyn y mae Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet yn sôn amdano, yn arbennig yn y cysyniad o ganolfannau busnes, yw gweithio gyda'r byd academaidd, gweithio gyda diwydiant a phartneriaid i ddatblygu entrepreneuriaeth arloesol, sef y peth hwnnw y cyfeiriodd Rhun ap Iorwerth ato hefyd, fydd yn sbarduno twf. Dychwelaf at hunangyflogaeth mewn munud, ond fe soniodd Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet hefyd am brosiectau entrepreneuriaeth gymunedol, ac, yn hynny o beth, rwy'n tybio bod Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet hefyd yn cyfeirio at fentrau cymdeithasol, ac fe hoffwn i, ar yr adeg yma, felly, fanteisio ar y cyfle i sôn am fenter gymdeithasol yn fy etholaeth i, sef Clwb Golff Ridgeway. Mae'r holl elw'n mynd yn ôl i Glwb Golff Ridgeway; mae gan y Clwb naw o weithwyr llawn amser, pedwar rhan-amser - dyma'r mathau o bethau y dylem ni fod yn eu hannog o ran entrepreneuriaeth gymunedol - ac maen nhw hefyd yn cynnal priodasau am bris rhesymol iawn, rhag ofn bod rhai o'r teulu brenhinol yn gwylio'r ddadl hon, fel rwy'n siŵr y gallan nhw fod. Mae'n rhaid inni ystyried hunangyflogaeth, er hynny, fel rhan o'r cysyniad hwn o entrepreneuriaeth. Mae 237,200 o fentrau bach yng Nghymru, ac maen nhw'n cyflogi 389,600 o bobl. Dyna 1.6 gweithiwr i bob cwmni. Felly, ni fydd y rhan fwyaf o gwmnïau bach yn tyfu y tu hwnt i'r cam hwnnw o fod yn gwmni bychan iawn, ac nid yw'r perchnogion busnes sy'n eu rhedeg eisiau hynny. Felly, mae angen inni fod yn glir iawn ynghylch y mathau o fusnesau sydd wedi'u targedu pan rydym ni'n cyfeirio at entrepreneuriaeth. Yn y Cymoedd gogleddol, sef awdurdodau lleol Caerffili, Blaenau Gwent a Merthyr Tudful, er enghraifft, y mae'r lefelau isaf o hunan-gyflogaeth yng Nghymru. Yn ardal y Cymoedd hefyd mae'r lefel isaf o fenywod hunangyflogedig yng Nghymru, ond nid y lefel isaf o ddynion hunangyflogedig. Gallai hynny fod oherwydd y niferoedd mawr o fusnesau adeiladu yn yr ardal honno. Yn ddiweddar fe wnaeth y Ffederasiwn Busnesau Bach gynhyrchu, a lansio yn fy ngrŵp trawsbleidiol - y grŵp trawsbleidiol rwy'n ei gadeirio ar fentrau bach a chanolig - adroddiad ar hunangyflogaeth, sy'n rhoi'r darlun hwnnw inni. Mae pobl hunan-gyflogedig yn y Cymoedd hefyd yn tueddu i fod â llai o gymwysterau addysgol na'r rheini yn nhrefi neu yng nghefn gwlad Cymru, a'r hyn fyddai'n peri pryder i mi yw petai'r Llywodraeth yn canolbwyntio'n llwyr ar gwmnïau uwch-dechnoleg sy'n tyfu'n gyflym gan anghofio am y bobl hunangyflogedig hynny sy'n sylfaen - yr economi bob dydd sy'n darparu cymaint i'n heconomi. Gallai entrepreneuriaeth - rwy'n pryderu - hepgor y bobl hynny. Felly, mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru annog a meithrin hunangyflogaeth gynaliadwy a mynd y tu hwnt i'r sector adeiladu, gan arallgyfeirio i sectorau o'r economi bob dydd, a sicrhau bod menywod sy'n berchen busnesau yn cael cymaint o gyfle â phobl eraill. Mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru gydnabod hefyd nad yw rhyngweithio rhwng pobl hunangyflogedig yn gystadleuol yn unig, ac yn aml iawn, o ran busnesau bychain iawn, mae'n gydweithredol. Cwmnïau bach yn gweithio gyda'i gilydd i greu cyfalaf cymdeithasol. Felly, yn hytrach na chwilio am weithwyr, mae cwmnïau bach iawn yn aml yn gweithio gyda'u cysylltiadau i gyflawni prosiectau penodol. Felly, mae gennych chi glystyrau o gwmnïau sy'n gweithio gyda'i gilydd, sy'n - . Fe wnaethoch chi ofyn y cwestiwn. Wel, 10 cwmni bach yn cyflogi 50 o bobl: Ydy hynny mor werthfawr ag un cwmni bach yn cyflogi 50 o bobl? Mi fuaswn i'n dweud, 'Ydy, mae o'. Felly, peidiwch â gadael i ganolbwyntio ar entrepreneuriaeth siomi'r bobl hynny. Os ydym ni'n mynd i hybu entrepreneuriaeth - a gadewch inni ddefnyddio'r gair - a gwneud hunangyflogaeth yn llwyddiant, mae angen inni werthfawrogi y ffyrdd amryfal y mae'n gweithio mewn gwahanol rannau o Gymru, a chysylltu hynny â strategaethau a mentrau eraill y mae gan Lywodraeth Cymru i'w cynnig.