English: Now, the term 'green new deal', of course, has its origins in Roosevelt's New Deal in 1930s America. And in the throes of the Great Depression, his New Deal had three aims: to provide relief for the poor, to provide economic recovery, and, of course, to reform financial systems so that economic depression wouldn't happen again. It was relief, recover, reform. And Congress subsequently invested in programmes that put the unemployed in work, and work that served a purpose to society, such as constructing roads, building schools, hospitals et cetera. And those underlying ideas are just as valid today. But first we have to resist that urge to cut spending - this can't be the start of austerity mark 2, because we know exactly what that means, and what the price is that people have to pay for that kind of approach. The green new deal has to see us invest, and invest specifically, of course, in projects that help tackle the climate and nature emergency. And I would draw people's attention to a recent study from University of Oxford that compared green stimulus projects with traditional stimulus schemes, such as some of the measures taken after the 2008 global financial crisis. That research found that green projects actually create more jobs, they deliver higher short-term returns per pound spent by the Government, and they lead to increased long-term cost savings. And, of course, none of this has to wait. We have shovel-ready schemes out there now in Wales, be they energy efficiency programmes, which we've already touched upon, renewable energy projects - the Swansea bay tidal lagoon is an obvious example, with, potentially, subsequent projects around other parts of the Welsh coast as well - finally putting in place the electric vehicle charging networks that we need across Wales, redesigning roads for more active travel, flood protection, tree planting. Wales is ripe for that kind of investment. Now, I'd like to say a few words as well about the food and drink sector in Wales, not just whisky, by the way, but the whole sector here. Because I think now is the time for us to rethink, to reset and to rebuild our food supply system in Wales, from the ground up. Over recent decades, we've allowed our food retail industry to become evermore concentrated, to a point where we now see just four companies controlling 70 per cent of the UK food retail market. And that concentration of power amongst a few large food retailers has given them unprecedented power to dictate ever-lower prices to farmers, continually sapping the financial health of domestic agriculture, and, of course, the wider rural economy. And as a result of this, our food security has actually worsened, with the UK now importing nearly 40 per cent of all the food that we consume. And that model is flawed. And it was already on a dangerous trajectory, even before COVID-19. And I haven't even mentioned Brexit, which gives us another imperative to drive the reshaping of our food system and to create greater resilience in the face of further uncertainty. So, we need to focus anew on developing processing capabilities to add value to raw produce. We've seen the loss of abattoirs and dairy-processing plants, particularly here in north-east Wales in recent years, which means, of course, that hundreds of jobs have been lost, thousands of food miles have been added, and primary food producers have become even more exposed to global markets. So, we need to move away from a just-in-time system to a just-in-case system, and by supporting the development of local processing capabilities, we need to start to decentralise food production. We need to make it fairer, we need to make it more sustainable, and subsequently, of course, help build a stronger local economy. But Government needs to make it happen, and if we learn one lesson from this pandemic, then it's that Governments can actually have a transformative effect, but only when they will it. And that transformation, of course, isn't just about economic growth, it's about tackling climate change, it's about equality, protecting livelihoods, putting an end to foodbanks, preventing suicides, being globally responsible - it's about all of that - and this is the moment to do it.
Welsh: Nawr, mae'r term 'bargen newydd werdd', wrth gwrs, yn deillio o Fargen Newydd Roosevelt yn America y 1930au. A phan oedd y Dirwasgiad Mawr ar ei waethaf, roedd tri nod i'w fargen newydd: darparu rhyddhad i'r tlodion, darparu adferiad economaidd, ac wrth gwrs, diwygio systemau ariannol fel na fyddai dirwasgiad economaidd yn digwydd eto. Felly, rhyddhad, adferiad, diwygiad. Ac yn sgil hynny buddsoddodd y Gyngres wedyn mewn rhaglenni a roddodd waith i'r di-waith, a gwaith a oedd yn cyflawni diben yn y gymdeithas, megis adeiladu ffyrdd, adeiladu ysgolion, ysbytai ac ati. Ac mae'r syniadau sylfaenol hyn yr un mor ddilys heddiw. Ond yn gyntaf, mae'n rhaid inni ymwrthod â'r ysfa i dorri gwariant - ni all hyn fod yn ddechrau ar ail gyni ariannol, oherwydd gwyddom yn union beth y mae hynny'n ei olygu, a beth yw'r pris y mae'n rhaid i bobl ei dalu am ddull o'r fath o fynd ati. Mae'n rhaid i'r fargen newydd werdd arwain at fuddsoddi, a buddsoddi'n benodol, wrth gwrs, mewn prosiectau sy'n helpu i fynd i'r afael ag argyfwng hinsawdd a natur. A hoffwn dynnu sylw pobl at astudiaeth ddiweddar gan Brifysgol Rhydychen a oedd yn cymharu prosiectau ysgogi gwyrdd â chynlluniau ysgogi traddodiadol, megis rhai o'r camau a gymerwyd ar ôl argyfwng ariannol byd-eang 2008. Canfu'r ymchwil honno fod prosiectau gwyrdd mewn gwirionedd yn creu mwy o swyddi, eu bod yn darparu enillion tymor byr uwch am bob punt a werir gan y Llywodraeth, a'u bod yn arwain at arbedion cost cynyddol yn y tymor hir. Ac wrth gwrs, nid oes rhaid i ddim o hyn aros. Mae gennym gynlluniau parod allan yno yn awr yng Nghymru, boed yn rhaglenni effeithlonrwydd ynni a grybwyllwyd gennym eisoes, prosiectau ynni adnewyddadwy - mae morlyn llanw bae Abertawe yn enghraifft amlwg, gyda phrosiectau dilynol posibl o amgylch rhannau eraill o arfordir Cymru yn ogystal - gan sefydlu, o'r diwedd, y rhwydweithiau gwefru cerbydau trydan sydd eu hangen arnom ledled Cymru, ailgynllunio ffyrdd ar gyfer mwy o deithio llesol, amddiffyn rhag llifogydd, plannu coed. Mae Cymru'n barod ar gyfer y math hwnnw o fuddsoddiad. Nawr, hoffwn ddweud ychydig eiriau yn ogystal am y sector bwyd a diod yng Nghymru, nid wisgi'n unig, gyda llaw, ond y sector cyfan yma. Oherwydd rwy'n credu mai nawr yw'r amser i ni ailfeddwl, ailosod ac ailadeiladu ein system cyflenwi bwyd yng Nghymru, o'r gwaelod i fyny. Dros y degawdau diwethaf, rydym wedi caniatáu i'n diwydiant manwerthu bwyd ddod yn fwy canoledig, i bwynt lle rydym yn gweld pedwar cwmni'n unig bellach yn rheoli 70 y cant o farchnad fanwerthu bwyd y DU. Ac mae canoli pŵer ymysg ychydig o fanwerthwyr bwyd mawr yn y fath fodd wedi rhoi pŵer digynsail iddynt i bennu prisiau is i ffermwyr, a gwanhau iechyd ariannol amaethyddiaeth ddomestig a'r economi wledig ehangach yn barhaus. Ac o ganlyniad i hyn, mae diogelwch ein cyflenwad bwyd wedi gwaethygu mewn gwirionedd, gyda'r DU bellach yn mewnforio bron i 40 y cant o'r holl fwyd a ddefnyddiwn. Ac mae'r model hwnnw'n wallus. Ac roedd eisoes ar drywydd peryglus, hyd yn oed cyn COVID-19. Ac nid wyf wedi sôn am Brexit hyd yn oed, sy'n rhoi rheswm arall pam fod rhaid gyrru'r gwaith o ail-lunio ein system fwyd a chreu mwy o gydnerthedd yn wyneb ansicrwydd pellach. Felly, mae angen inni ganolbwyntio o'r newydd ar ddatblygu galluoedd prosesu i ychwanegu gwerth at gynnyrch crai. Rydym wedi gweld colli lladd-dai a ffatrïoedd prosesu llaeth, yn enwedig yng ngogledd-ddwyrain Cymru dros y blynyddoedd diwethaf, sy'n golygu, wrth gwrs, fod cannoedd o swyddi wedi'u colli, fod miloedd o filltiroedd bwyd wedi'u hychwanegu, a bod cynhyrchwyr bwyd sylfaenol wedi dod yn fwy agored byth i effaith marchnadoedd byd-eang. Felly, mae angen inni symud oddi wrth system 'mewn union bryd' at system 'rhag ofn', a thrwy gefnogi datblygiad galluoedd prosesu lleol, mae angen inni ddechrau datganoli cynhyrchiant bwyd. Mae angen inni ei wneud yn decach, mae angen inni ei wneud yn fwy cynaliadwy, ac wedi hynny, wrth gwrs, helpu i adeiladu economi leol gryfach. Ond mae angen i'r Llywodraeth wneud iddo ddigwydd, ac os dysgwn un wers o'r pandemig hwn, rhaid inni weld y gall Llywodraethau gael effaith drawsnewidiol mewn gwirionedd, ond dim ond pan fyddant yn ewyllysio hynny. Ac nid yw'r trawsnewid hwnnw, wrth gwrs, yn ymwneud â thwf economaidd yn unig, mae'n ymwneud â mynd i'r afael â newid yn yr hinsawdd, mae'n ymwneud â chydraddoldeb, diogelu bywoliaeth pobl, rhoi diwedd ar fanciau bwyd, atal hunanladdiad, bod yn gyfrifol yn fyd-eang - mae'n ymwneud â hynny i gyd - a dyma'r foment i'w wneud.