English: It is a matter of concern, particularly for Welsh Government, that, after 19 years of devolution, Joseph Rowntree Foundation's 'Poverty in Wales 2018' report found that the proportion of households living in income poverty in Wales remains higher than England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, and that poverty among couples with children has been rising since 2003. Throughout the second, third and fourth Assemblies I routinely called on your predecessors to tackle the causes of disadvantage, poverty and deprivation, not simply treat the symptoms. I therefore welcome the recognition in your statement that practical change in communities needs to focus on the specific barriers that prevent individuals getting into work and then on to better paid work. Some of your predecessors didn't quite articulate that or acknowledge that in the same way. However, as somebody who proudly previously worked in the non-profit mutual or social enterprise sector for more than two decades, I also recognise that they're not a golden bullet, that they can be run inefficiently, they can lose money, they can go bust, they can make people unemployed, as can a for-profit body and even sometimes public sector bodies - although, generally, they're not allowed to fail in the same way. Given that, with Communities First, when the Wales Audit Office looked at Communities First in 2009, it produced a report identifying corporate governance failings in financial controls, HR controls and audit trails, what corporate governance checks and balances are you putting in place so the foundations are right, thereby maximising the chances for these social enterprises, often fledgling social enterprises, to rise and hopefully fly with their employees on board? You talk about working with a talented and innovative team of officials in Welsh Government and social partners in trade union movements and industry. Given that the Wales Co-operative Centre is the body funded by Welsh Government to support the establishment and management of social enterprises, what involvement have you had with them, and also with the wider third sector, given the work that the Wales Council for Voluntary Action has done on successors to Communities First models in the future, community anchor organisations and so on, and also the work currently being done across Wales by the growing co-production network exactly in these sorts of areas? How do you respond to the Bevan Foundation statement, following the ending of Communities First, that the programme 'did not reduce the headline rates of poverty in the vast majority of communities, still less in Wales as a whole' and that therefore a new programme 'should be co-produced by communities and professionals and not be directed top-down', based on 'A clear theory of change that builds on people's and community's assets not their deficits' and that 'local action should be led by established, community-based organisations which have a strong track-record of delivery and which have significant community engagement'? They also said that if people feel that policies are imposed on them, the policies don't work. So, how can you assure the Assembly and others outside that, in addition to the initiatives you describe in your statement, you're embracing those approaches to ensure that we don't repeat the mistakes of the past? I'll conclude by referring to an event I hosted in April here with the Bevan Foundation and Big Issue Cymru on prevention and inclusion, when I sat beside and introduced the founder of The Big Issue, Lord John Bird. How do you respond, perhaps, to his statement, quote, 'Too much time is spent analysing poverty, not enough on dismantling it, too much making people a little bit more comfortable being poor, too little bringing the poor into the equation' and, he said, 'We need to get poor people' - his words - 'to change the way they think about poverty, to open up so they can encounter the problems around them, turning social security into social opportunity', and, finally, to his comment that 80 per cent of social intervention money is spent on emergency and coping, but almost nothing on cure, and that when considering social spending we must therefore always ask whether the social pound is prevention money?
Welsh: Mae'n fater sy'n peri pryder, yn enwedig i Lywodraeth Cymru, fod adroddiad Sefydliad Joseph Rowntree 'Tlodi yng Nghymru 2018' ar ôl 19 mlynedd o ddatganoli, wedi canfod fod cyfran y teuluoedd sy'n byw mewn tlodi incwm yng Nghymru yn parhau i fod yn uwch nag yn Lloegr, Yr Alban a Gogledd Iwerddon, a bod tlodi ymhlith parau sydd â phlant wedi bod ar gynnydd ers 2003. Drwy gydol yr ail, y trydydd a'r pedwerydd Cynulliad galwais yn rheolaidd ar eich rhagflaenwyr i fynd i'r afael ag achosion o anfantais, tlodi ac amddifadedd, ac nid dim ond trin y symptomau. Felly, croesawaf y gydnabyddiaeth yn eich datganiad fod angen i'r newid ymarferol mewn cymdeithas ganolbwyntio ar y rhwystrau penodol sy'n atal unigolion rhag cael gwaith a symud ymlaen i waith â chyflog gwell. Ni fynegodd rhai o'ch rhagflaenwyr hynny na chydnabod hynny yn yr un modd. Fodd bynnag, fel un a oedd yn falch o fod wedi gweithio yn y sector cydfuddiannol di-elw neu fenter gymdeithasol am ddau ddegawd a mwy, rwyf hefyd yn cydnabod nad ydynt yn fwledi arian, ac y gellir eu rhedeg yn aneffeithlon, gallant golli arian, gall yr hwch fynd drwy'r siop. Maen nhw'n gallu gwneud pobl yn ddi-waith, fel y gall corff sydd er elw hefyd, a weithiau hyd yn oed cyrff y sector cyhoeddus - er, yn gyffredinol, ni chaniateir i'r rheini fethu yn yr un modd. O gofio, gyda Cymunedau yn Gyntaf, pan edrychodd Swyddfa Archwilio Cymru ar Cymunedau yn Gyntaf yn 2009, ei fod wedi cynhyrchu adroddiad yn nodi methiannau llywodraethu corfforaethol wrth reoli arian, rheoli adnoddau dynol a thrywydd archwilio, pa rwystrau a gwrthbwysau llywodraethu corfforaethol ydych chi'n eu rhoi ar waith fel bod y sylfeini'n iawn, er mwyn rhoi'r cyfleoedd gorau posibl i'r mentrau cymdeithasol hyn, sy'n aml yn fentrau cymdeithasol newydd, i gychwyn a llwyddo gan sicrhau hynny i'w cyflogeion hefyd. Rydych chi'n sôn am weithio gyda thîm talentog ac arloesol o swyddogion Llywodraeth Cymru a phartneriaid cymdeithasol mewn mudiadau undebau llafur a diwydiant. O gofio mai Canolfan Cydweithredol Cymru yw'r corff a ariennir gan Lywodraeth Cymru i gefnogi sefydlu a rheoli mentrau cymdeithasol, pa gysylltiad gawsoch chi gyda nhw, a hefyd gyda'r trydydd sector ehangach, o ystyried y gwaith a wnaeth Cyngor Gweithredu Gwirfoddol Cymru ar olynwyr modelau Cymunedau yn Gyntaf yn y dyfodol, cyrff angori cymunedol ac ati, a hefyd y gwaith a wneir ar hyn o bryd ledled Cymru gan y rhwydwaith cyd-gynhyrchu sydd yn cynyddu yn union y math hyn o ardaloedd? Sut ydych chi'n ymateb i ddatganiad Sefydliad Bevan, a gafwyd ar ôl i Gymunedau yn Gyntaf ddod i ben, sef: Na wnaeth y rhaglen leihau'r prif gyfraddau tlodi yn y rhan fwyaf o gymunedau, a llai yng Nghymru gyfan ac felly y dylai rhaglen newydd gael ei chyd-gynhyrchu gan gymunedau a gweithwyr proffesiynol; ac na ddylai gael ei chyfarwyddo o'r brig i lawr', yn seiliedig ar: theori glir o newid sydd yn adeiladu ar asedau'r gymuned ac asedau'r bobl yn hytrach nag ar eu diffygion a dylai: gweithredu lleol gael ei arwain gan gyrff yn y gymuned sydd wedi eu sefydlu ac sydd â hanes cryf o gyflawni ac sydd wedi hen ymgysylltu â'r gymuned'? Dywedodd hefyd, os yw pobl yn teimlo bod polisïau yn cael eu gorfodi arnynt, nid yw'r polisïau'n gweithio. Felly, sut y gallwch chi sicrhau'r Cynulliad ac eraill y tu allan, yn ogystal â'r mentrau a ddisgrifiwyd gennych yn eich datganiad, eich bod yn manteisio ar y dulliau hynny i sicrhau nad ydym ni'n ailadrodd camgymeriadau'r gorffennol? Rwyf am gloi drwy gyfeirio at ddigwyddiad a lywyddais yma ym mis Ebrill gyda Sefydliad Bevan a Big Issue Cymru i drafod atal a chynhwysiant pryd yr eisteddais wrth ochr sylfaenydd The Big Issue, Arglwydd John Bird a'i gyflwyno. Sut ydych chi'n ymateb i'w ddatganiad tybed, a dyfynnaf, 'Mae gormod o amser yn cael ei dreulio yn dadansoddi tlodi, a dim digon o amser i'w drechu, gormod o amser yn gwneud pobl deimlo ychydig yn fwy cysurus ynghylch eu tlodi, dim digon i sicrhau bod y tlawd yn cael eu hystyried' a dywedodd, 'Mae'n rhaid i ni wneud i bobl dlawd ' - ei eiriau ef - 'newid y ffordd y maen nhw'n meddwl am dlodi, i agor eu llygaid er mwyn iddyn nhw weld y problemau a all ddod i'w rhan, gan droi nawdd cymdeithasol yn gyfle cymdeithasol', ac, yn olaf, ei sylw bod 80 y cant o ymyraethau cymdeithasol yn cael ei wario ar achosion brys ac ymdopi, ond bron dim ar wellhad, ac wrth ystyried gwariant cymdeithasol bod rhaid inni felly bob amser, ofyn pa un ai arian atal yw'r bunt gymdeithasol?