English: Yes. Well, I'm grateful to Helen Mary Jones for raising that point. Of course, there is an interaction, and I think the fact that hate crime - . This has been brought up today. Intersectionality has been particularly problematic as well. For example, there could be a disabled person who has also experienced hate crime and violence as well, and all of the protected characteristics need to be applicable in terms of recognising hate crime perpetrated on the basis of several protected characteristics. But we must recognise that last week we did see a rise, a disappointing rise, in hate crime. The statistics published by the Home Office, as Siân Gwenllian said, show a 17 per cent increase in recorded hate crimes across Wales compared to 2017-18, and, of the 3,932 recorded hate crimes across the four Welsh police force areas, 19 per cent were sexual orientation hate crimes and 3 per cent transgender hate crimes, and although hate crimes related to LGBT+ individuals represent roughly 22 per cent of these crimes, this appears to be increasing. We have done a significant amount of work to increase awareness of hate crime and to urge victims to come forward and report, so the increase is likely to be partly due to an improvement in reporting, but these statistics remind us how we need to reflect on what more can be done - and that has to be the outcome of this debate - to ensure no-one is targeted because of their identity. So, the police forces across Wales also have worked hard to ensure they're correctly identifying hateful motivations for crime, and this may be driving some of the apparent increases in recorded hate crime, but we need to remember, as Nick Ramsay said, that behind each statistic is an individual with a story of hostility or trauma. Working with the four Welsh police forces and the hate crime criminal justice board, we have robust systems in place to investigate hate crimes, support victims and ensure perpetrators face justice. But we also have to review the effectiveness of those systems.
Welsh: Ie. Wel, rwy'n ddiolchgar i Helen Mary Jones am godi'r pwynt hwnnw. Wrth gwrs, mae yna ryngweithiad, ac rwy'n credu bod y ffaith bod troseddau casineb - . Mae hyn wedi'i godi heddiw. Mae croestoriad wedi bod yn broblem arbennig hefyd. Er enghraifft, gallai person anabl fod wedi profi trosedd casineb a thrais hefyd, ac mae angen i bob un o'r nodweddion gwarchodedig fod yn gymwys o ran adnabod troseddau casineb a gyflawnir ar sail sawl nodwedd warchodedig. Ond mae'n rhaid i ni gydnabod ein bod, yr wythnos ddiwethaf, wedi gweld cynnydd siomedig mewn troseddau casineb. Mae'r ystadegau a gyhoeddwyd gan y Swyddfa Gartref, fel y dywedodd Siân Gwenllian, yn dangos cynnydd o 17 y cant yn nifer y troseddau casineb a gofnodwyd ledled Cymru o'i gymharu â 2017-18, ac o'r 3,932 o droseddau casineb a gofnodwyd ar draws pedair ardal heddlu Cymru, roedd 19 y cant ohonynt yn droseddau casineb ar sail cyfeiriadedd rhywiol ac roedd 3 y cant ohonynt yn droseddau casineb ar sail trawsrywedd, ac er nad yw troseddau casineb sy'n gysylltiedig ag unigolion LHDT+ ond oddeutu 22 y cant o'r troseddau hyn, mae'n ymddangos bod y ffigur hwn yn cynyddu. Rydym wedi gwneud cryn dipyn o waith i gynyddu ymwybyddiaeth o droseddau casineb ac i annog dioddefwyr i roi gwybod amdanynt, felly mae'r cynnydd yn debygol o fod yn rhannol oherwydd bod cyfraddau adrodd wedi gwella, ond mae'r ystadegau hyn yn ein hatgoffa sut y mae angen feddwl beth arall y gellir ei wneud - ac mae'n rhaid sicrhau mai dyna yw canlyniad y ddadl hon - sicrhau nad oes neb yn cael eu targedu oherwydd eu hunaniaeth. Felly, mae'r heddluoedd ledled Cymru hefyd wedi gweithio'n galed i sicrhau eu bod yn nodi ysgogiadau i droseddau casineb yn gywir, ac mae'n bosibl fod hyn yn achosi rhywfaint o'r cynnydd ymddangosiadol yn nifer y troseddau casineb a gofnodwyd, ond mae angen inni gofio, fel y dywedodd Nick Ramsay, fod yna unigolyn â stori am elyniaeth neu drawma y tu ôl i bob ystadegyn. Gan weithio gyda'r pedwar heddlu yng Nghymru a'r bwrdd cyfiawnder troseddol ar gyfer troseddau casineb, mae gennym systemau cadarn ar waith i ymchwilio i droseddau casineb, cefnogi dioddefwyr a sicrhau bod troseddwyr yn cael eu dwyn i gyfrif. Ond mae'n rhaid i ni adolygu effeithiolrwydd y systemau hynny hefyd.