English: Thank you. Can I thank everyone who took part in this debate? It was a short debate to note the publication of the report, but I can promise you I'll bore you about hydrogen for some time to come, and I've got a few enthusiasts around as well, so that's good to see. This is a technology that I think does a lot to tick a lot of boxes that we're interested in in Wales. It's innovative. It happened to be designed here, which adds to the romance; it doesn't matter really, but it does add to it. It's something that decarbonises our transport sector and has potential in other areas as well. I just want to say at the outset that I very much - although I won't necessarily support all the amendments - do understand the spirit in which those amendments have been made: they're constructive, and we're having a debate that's trying to put together some ideas around the potential for hydrogen. The key thing is that we need green hydrogen on the whole. There is some brown hydrogen as a by-product that can continue to be part of the mix, I think, but producing hydrogen directly from fossil fuel makes no sense whatsoever. But using what was described, actually, by Alan Whitehead, who speaks for the Labour Party in the UK, as he described it in the New Statesman, 'the emergence of a large load of variable power', that is renewables of course, 'onto the system it may be that this "surplus" electricity is becoming available' for the production of hydrogen. As I quoted back to Russell in his reasonable questions, it now seems that storing surplus electricity as hydrogen is as cost-effective as - in fact, some of the experts and the users of this say it's more cost-effective than - storing it as electricity. And we also then avoid some of the costs of batteries that Michelle Brown mentioned, and I mean environmental costs as well as the actual cost. So, there is huge potential there. One thing that hasn't been mentioned in this debate, and we did focus on transport, but there is a role for hydrogen in heat. Those of us who remember town gas - not me, but if you do remember town gas - town gas was about 40 per cent hydrogen. There's still a town gas office in Aberystwyth, actually. It's got Aberystwyth Gas Company above it. We used to produce town gas from coal. We used to compress coal and burn it to produce hydrogen. That was our gas system. Our current gas system - gas mains - doesn't like more than a tiny percentage of hydrogen in it, but we need to work with the gas providers to see whether we can pump a little more hydrogen into the gas system because it then has - . We produce it for transport, we can produce it for heat, we can produce it then to decarbonise wider in the economy. Can I finally say that the comments of the Cabinet Secretary were much more upbeat than, I think, the amendment from the Government? So, I'm going to rely on his comments, not the amendment, and I'm going to hope that that means that we can have a real debate, going forward in the Assembly, and can indeed work to put Wales at - . Albeit technology-neutral, there are huge opportunities here. People are investing already, and I want to see Wales being part of that, and leading on that. I'll take his comments, rather than the amendment, as a sign of hope ahead.
Welsh: Diolch. A gaf fi ddiolch i bawb a gymerodd ran yn y ddadl hon? Dadl fer oedd hi i nodi cyhoeddi'r adroddiad, ond gallaf addo i chi y byddaf yn eich diflasu ynglŷn â hydrogen am beth amser i ddod, ac mae yna rai eraill sy'n frwd iawn yn ei gylch hefyd, felly mae hynny'n beth da i'w weld. Dyma dechnoleg y credaf ei bod yn gwneud llawer i dicio llawer o flychau y mae gennym ddiddordeb ynddynt yng Nghymru. Mae'n arloesol. Cafodd ei lunio yma fel mae'n digwydd, sy'n ychwanegu at y rhamant; nid oes ots mewn gwirionedd, ond mae'n ychwanegu ato. Mae'n rhywbeth sy'n datgarboneiddio ein sector trafnidiaeth ac mae ganddo botensial mewn meysydd eraill yn ogystal. Hoffwn ddweud ar y dechrau - er na fyddaf o reidrwydd yn cefnogi pob un o'r gwelliannau - fy mod yn deall ysbryd y gwelliannau hynny: maent yn adeiladol, ac rydym yn cael dadl sy'n ceisio llunio syniadau ynglŷn â'r potensial ar gyfer hydrogen. Y peth allweddol yw bod angen inni gael hydrogen gwyrdd ar y cyfan. Ceir peth hydrogen brown fel sgil-gynnyrch a allai barhau i fod yn rhan o'r gymysgedd, rwy'n credu, ond nid yw cynhyrchu hydrogen yn uniongyrchol o danwydd ffosil yn gwneud unrhyw synnwyr o gwbl. Ond gan ddefnyddio'r hyn a ddisgrifiwyd gan Alan Whitehead sy'n siarad ar ran y Blaid Lafur yn y DU, yn y New Statesman fel, ymddangosiad llwyth mawr o bŵer amrywiadwy, sef ynni adnewyddadwy wrth gwrs, yn rhan o'r system efallai y daw'r trydan "dros ben" hwn i fod ar gael ar gyfer cynhyrchu hydrogen. Fel y dyfynnais wrth Russell yn ei gwestiynau rhesymol, mae'n ymddangos bod storio trydan dros ben fel hydrogen yr un mor gosteffeithiol - yn wir, mae rhai o'r arbenigwyr a'r rhai sy'n ei ddefnyddio yn dweud ei fod yn fwy costeffeithiol - na'i storio fel trydan. Ac felly rydym hefyd yn osgoi rhai o'r costau batri a grybwyllodd Michelle Brown, ac rwy'n golygu costau amgylcheddol yn ogystal â chost wirioneddol. Felly, mae potensial enfawr yno. Un peth nad yw wedi'i grybwyll yn y ddadl, ac fe wnaethom ganolbwyntio ar drafnidiaeth, ond mae rôl i hydrogen mewn gwresogi. I'r rhai hynny ohonom sy'n cofio nwy tref - nid fi, ond os ydych yn cofio nwy tref - roedd oddeutu 40 y cant o nwy tref yn hydrogen. Mae yna swyddfa nwy tref yn Aberystwyth o hyd, mewn gwirionedd. Mae Aberystwyth Gas Company wedi'i ysgrifennu uwch ei phen. Arferem gynhyrchu nwy tref o lo. Arferem gywasgu glo a'i losgi er mwyn cynhyrchu hydrogen. Dyna oedd ein system nwy. Nid yw ein system nwy bresennol - y prif gyflenwad nwy - yn hoffi mwy na chanran fach iawn o hydrogen ynddo, ond mae angen inni weithio gyda'r darparwyr nwy i weld a allwn bwmpio ychydig mwy o hydrogen i mewn i'r system nwy oherwydd mae yna - . Rydym yn ei gynhyrchu ar gyfer trafnidiaeth, gallwn ei gynhyrchu ar gyfer gwres, gallwn ei gynhyrchu wedyn i ddatgarboneiddio'n ehangach yn yr economi. A gaf fi ddweud yn olaf fod sylwadau Ysgrifennydd y Cabinet yn llawer mwy gobeithiol na'r gwelliant gan y Llywodraeth? Felly, rwy'n mynd i bwyso ar ei sylwadau, nid y gwelliant, ac rwy'n mynd i obeithio bod hynny'n golygu y gallwn gael dadl go iawn, wrth symud ymlaen yn y Cynulliad, ac yn wir y gallwn weithio i roi Cymru ar - . Er nad yw'n seiliedig ar dechnoleg benodol, ceir cyfleoedd enfawr yma. Mae pobl yn buddsoddi eisoes, ac rwyf am weld Cymru'n bod yn rhan o hynny, ac yn arwain ar hynny. Fe gymeraf ei sylwadau, yn hytrach na'r gwelliant, fel arwydd o obaith ar gyfer y dyfodol.