English: We have heard already from a number of people about the benefits that would come from developing the green hydrogen sector in Wales and the need for a clear commitment from the Welsh Government to support this change through the introduction of a specific strategy. My own comments will focus on the impact that green hydrogen can have on transport. Decades have passed since the Kyoto protocol was signed, and we find ourselves living in a time when, within another decade, our global climate may reach a point of no return. Our transport sector still runs overwhelmingly on fossil fuels, especially oil, and more and more voices are calling for revolutionary, far-reaching change. Over the past two years, the public debate on decarbonising the transport sector has been dominated by discussions about electric or battery-powered cars, which represent a promising pathway towards reducing carbon levels. As electric cars enter mass production, prices will fall, and batteries will become more powerful as well. When electric cars are powered by renewable energy, they could really help to reduce the carbon footprint of the transport sector. Having said that, Llywydd, there will be some drawbacks in the near future. Battery-powered cars weigh a lot more than normal cars. Also, recharging battery-powered cars will always take much longer than refilling cars with petrol. As a source of clean energy, hydrogen can play a massive role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. As a transport fuel, green hydrogen can reduce emissions and improve air quality in our communities - something that will be so important that we will be focusing on it tomorrow. And hydrogen can also be used to overcome the intermittency of the renewable ways of powering our transport. According to Network Rail, up to 1,300 km of railway lines will need to carry hydrogen trains in order to reach the net zero target by 2050. And the Government is aiming to decarbonise 100 per cent of buses and taxis by 2028. That's a very ambitious goal that will require significant investment in hydrogen, especially when we consider the fact that there are around 9,100 buses registered in Wales. And any investment can also help with taxis and private-hire vehicles. If we are serious about decarbonising transport, the Welsh Government must start thinking strategically about the use of green hydrogen in this sector. Local authorities are already working on this, and public procurement programmes for hydrogen in the transport sector could help the industry increase mass production and reduce prices. Tax incentives could play a role, perhaps, or the introduction of changes to the tax rates for hydrogen, as compared to petrol. They could certainly help to reduce prices. And beyond the transport sector, when the price of hydrogen has fallen sufficiently, hydrogen could help to decarbonise other parts of the economy as well, such as the iron, steel or cement industries. Wales is home to a large number of bodies that have both an interest and expertise in the field of hydrogen, including academics and start-ups. However, until now, a lack of co-ordination at a national level has held us back. That can change today, as Rhun ap Iorwerth said. We could embark on a green hydrogen revolution in Wales - what an exciting opportunity, if we choose to seize it.
Welsh: Rŷn ni wedi clywed yn barod gan nifer o bobl am y budd byddai'n dod o ddatblygu'r sector hydrogen gwyrdd yng Nghymru a'r angen am ymrwymiad clir gan Lywodraeth Cymru i gefnogi'r newid hwn trwy gyflwyno strategaeth benodol. Gwnaf i ganolbwyntio fy sylwadau ar yr effaith y gall hydrogen gwyrdd ei gael ar drafnidiaeth. Mae degawdau wedi pasio ers arwyddo protocol Kyoto, ac rŷn ni'n ffeindio ein hunain yn byw mewn cyfnod lle, o fewn degawd arall, gall hinsawdd ein byd gyrraedd pwynt lle nad oes modd dychwelyd ohono. Mae ein sector trafnidiaeth yn dal i redeg yn llethol ar danwydd ffosil, yn enwedig olew, ac mae mwy a mwy o leisiau'n galw am newid chwyldroadol, pellgyrhaeddol. Yn ystod y ddwy flynedd diwethaf, mae'r ddadl gyhoeddus ar ddatgarboneiddio'r sector trafnidiaeth wedi'i ddominyddu gan drafodaethau am geir electrig neu fatri, sy'n cynrychioli llwybr addawol tuag at leihau lefelau carbon. Wrth i geir electrig fynd mewn i system masgynhyrchu, bydd prisiau'n lleihau, a bydd y batris yn dod yn fwyfwy pwerus hefyd. Pan fydd ceir electronig yn cael eu gwefru trwy ddefnyddio ynni adnewyddadwy, gallant wir helpu i leihau olion carbon, neu carbon footprint, y sector trafnidiaeth. Ond wedi dweud hynny, Llywydd, bydd yna rai anfanteision yn y dyfodol agos. Mae ceir batri yn pwyso lot mwy na cheir arferol. Hefyd, bydd ail-drydanu ceir batri wastad yn cymryd llawer hirach nag ail-lenwi car arferol gyda phetrol. Fel cludwr ynni glân, gall hydrogen chwarae rôl syfrdanol yn y broses o newid i economi carbon isel. Fel tanwydd trafnidiaeth, gall hydrogen gwyrdd leihau allyriadau a gwella ansawdd aer yn ein cymunedau - rhywbeth a fydd mor bwysig y byddwn ni gyd yn canolbwyntio arno yfory, wrth gwrs. A gall hydrogen gael ei ddefnyddio i oresgyn intermittency ffyrdd adnewyddadwy o bweru ein ffyrdd o deithio. Yn ôl Network Rail, bydd lan at 1,300 km o linellau rheilffyrdd angen trenau hydrogen er mwyn cyrraedd y targed o net zero erbyn 2050. Ac mae'r Llywodraeth yn anelu at ddatgarboneiddio 100 y cant o gerbydau bysys a thacsis erbyn 2028. Mae hwnnw'n nod uchelgeisiol tu hwnt, a bydd angen buddsoddiad sylweddol yn hydrogen, yn enwedig pan ŷm ni'n ystyried y ffaith bod tua 9,100 o fysys wedi'u cofrestru yng Nghymru. Gall unrhyw fuddsoddiad hefyd helpu tacsis a cherbydau private hire. Os ydym ni o ddifrif am ddatgarboneiddio trafnidiaeth, mae'n rhaid i Lywodraeth Cymru ddechrau meddwl yn strategol am ddefnydd hydrogen gwyrdd yn y sector hwn. Mae llywodraethau lleol yn barod yn gweithio ar hyn, a gall rhaglenni caffael cyhoeddus ar gyfer hydrogen yn y sector trafnidiaeth helpu'r diwydiant i gynyddu masgynhyrchu a lleihau prisiau. Gall ysgogiadau trethi, os taw dyna ydy ' tax incentives ', chwarae rhan efallai, neu gyflwyno newidiadau yn y cyfraddau treth, efallai, ar gyfer hydrogen, o'i gymharu â phetrol. Gallen nhw helpu i leihau'r prisiau. A thu hwnt i'r sector trafnidiaeth, pan fydd pris hydrogen wedi cwympo'n ddigonol, gall hydrogen helpu i ddatgarboneiddio rhannau eraill o'r economi hefyd, fel y diwydiannau haearn, dur neu sment. Mae Cymru'n gartref i nifer fawr o gyrff sydd â diddordeb ac arbenigedd yn y maes hydrogen, gan gynnwys academyddion a chwmnïau start-up. Ond, hyd heddiw, mae diffyg cydgysylltu ar lefel genedlaethol wedi'n dal ni yn ôl. Gall hynna newid heddiw, fel roedd Rhun ap Iorwerth yn dweud. Gallwn ni ddechrau ar chwyldro hydrogen gwyrdd yng Nghymru - am gyfle cyffrous, os ydym ni'n dal y cyfle hwnnw.