English: Thank you very much, and I'd like to start by thanking Bethan Sayed for bringing forward this short debate on such an important topic today and for doing so in such an engaging and interesting way, but also doing real justice to the seriousness of the issue. I think that that was also very much in the contributions of Jack and Lynne as well. The internet is an incredible tool. In a matter of moments, we can be searching for the weird and wonderful as well as the mundane. We can be shopping online, watching the latest box sets, playing Minecraft with someone on a different continent, or comparing your thoughts on the latest country music albums - which is how I spend my spare time - but also keeping up to date on the latest news and talking to family and friends as well. So much of modern life is accessed through the internet. It's hard to remember sometimes how we managed before, and it is really quite something to think of children and young people today - the fact that they have not known a world without the internet. For them in particular, digital skills will be so important in terms of their resilience in life but also in terms of how they progress in education and in work. In many ways, it's young people who are leading the way, and I know from experience that young people are the ones who are best placed to tell us about the latest app or the latest social media platform and how to best use it. But, of course, amongst all of these benefits, there is a real cost, and we've heard about the darker side to the internet. Cyber bullying, grooming and stalking are all issues that have become too familiar. We have to protect children and young people and, indeed, as we've heard, adults, from the dangers of the internet. However, simply excluding people from a world online is neither appropriate nor desirable. We must instead equip people with the knowledge and the skills that they need to be able to think critically and navigate the digital world in a safe, responsible and respectful way. Last year, the Welsh Government published the national online safety action plan. Officially launched by my colleague Kirsty Williams at Porthcawl Comprehensive School on 14 November, the plan provides a focus for our online safety work. Building on our existing programme, it provides a strategic vision for the work that we will do to enhance online safety in Wales to ensure that we do keep children and young people safe. And this is supported by the online safety zone, hosted on Hwb, which is a dedicated area to support teachers, families and learners in this critical area. But, of course, online safety isn't the only issue, as we've heard - body image and body shaming, distorted perceptions caused by filters and Photoshopping are all causing very real problems for people today. Every day we're faced with messages that tell us that we just aren't good enough. We see so many images of people who are apparently perfect and we don't actually see the many layers of filters or the numerous deleted images that have gone before. There is a growing body of evidence that shows the harm that this is causing, particularly to young people. So, over the last few months, we've published educational resources, examining body image and self-worth in a digital world. The aim is to encourage discussion about the effect of the internet on body image and on self-esteem. We hope to show children and young people how they can instead develop a positive sense of themselves in the world and by taking control and by developing resilience. There are other aspects to online life that can also be harmful. We may have thousands of followers on Twitter or Instagram but very few real friends. Through social media, we're more connected than we've ever been before and this can bring positive benefits - people can search out support groups, find local tradespeople and local activities to do. However, there is a downside to this connectivity, which Lynne Neagle has spoken about, because living our lives online can lead to real loneliness and social isolation, and that can have a detrimental impact on our mental and our physical well-being. We know that good health is not simply a result of good healthcare, and that economic, environmental and social issues all have a significant part to play in our long-term health and well-being. So, we have published resources on mental health and the internet. These seek to stimulate conversations in the classroom about the positive and negative impacts of the internet, and we've worked with Childnet to develop, Trust me Cymru. The resource was developed to help primary and secondary teachers to educate children to critically evaluate information that they find online, including content that might seek to deliberately influence their opinions.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, a hoffwn ddechrau drwy ddiolch i Bethan Sayed am gyflwyno'r ddadl fer hon ar bwnc mor bwysig heddiw ac am wneud hynny mewn ffordd mor ysgogol a diddorol, ond hefyd gan wneud cyfiawnder gwirioneddol â difrifoldeb y mater. Credaf fod hynny i'w deimlo hefyd yng nghyfraniadau Jack a Lynne yn ogystal. Mae'r rhyngrwyd yn arf rhyfeddol. Mewn mater o eiliadau, gallwn fod yn chwilio am y rhyfedd a'r rhyfeddol yn ogystal â'r cyffredin. Gallwn fod yn siopa ar-lein, yn gwylio'r cyfresi bocs diweddaraf, yn chwarae Minecraft gyda rhywun ar gyfandir gwahanol, neu'n cymharu eich barn ar yr albwm canu gwlad diweddaraf - a dyna sut rwy'n treulio fy amser sbâr - ond gan gael y newyddion diweddaraf hefyd a siarad â theulu a ffrindiau yn ogystal. Ceir mynediad at lawer o'r bywyd modern drwy'r rhyngrwyd. Mae'n anodd cofio weithiau sut y byddem yn ymdopi o'r blaen, ac mae'n eithaf rhyfedd meddwl am blant a phobl ifanc heddiw - y ffaith nad ydynt wedi adnabod byd heb y rhyngrwyd. Iddynt hwy yn arbennig, bydd sgiliau digidol mor bwysig o ran eu gwytnwch mewn bywyd, ond hefyd o ran sut y maent yn camu ymlaen yn eu haddysg ac yn eu gwaith. Mewn sawl ffordd, pobl ifanc sy'n arwain y ffordd, a gwn o brofiad mai pobl ifanc sydd yn y sefyllfa orau i ddweud wrthym am yr ap diweddaraf neu'r llwyfan cyfryngau cymdeithasol diweddaraf a sut i'w ddefnyddio yn y ffordd orau. Ond wrth gwrs, ymysg yr holl fanteision hyn, ceir cost wirioneddol, ac rydym wedi clywed am yr ochr dywyll i'r rhyngrwyd. Mae seiberfwlio, meithrin perthynas amhriodol ar-lein a stelcio oll yn faterion sydd wedi dod yn rhy gyfarwydd o lawer. Rhaid inni amddiffyn plant a phobl ifanc ac oedolion yn wir, fel y clywsom, rhag peryglon y rhyngrwyd. Fodd bynnag, nid yw gwahardd pobl o fyd ar-lein yn briodol nac yn ddymunol. Yn hytrach, rhaid i ni roi'r wybodaeth a'r sgiliau sydd eu hangen arnynt i bobl allu meddwl yn feirniadol a llywio'u ffordd drwy'r byd digidol mewn modd diogel, cyfrifol a pharchus. Y llynedd, cyhoeddodd Llywodraeth Cymru y cynllun gweithredu cenedlaethol ar gyfer diogelwch ar-lein. Lansiwyd y cynllun yn swyddogol gan fy nghyd-Aelod Kirsty Williams yn Ysgol Gyfun Porthcawl ar 14 Tachwedd, ac mae'n darparu ffocws ar gyfer ein gwaith diogelwch ar-lein. Gan adeiladu ar ein rhaglen bresennol, mae'n darparu gweledigaeth strategol ar gyfer y gwaith a wnawn ar wella diogelwch ar-lein yng Nghymru er mwyn sicrhau ein bod yn cadw plant a phobl ifanc yn ddiogel. A chefnogir hyn gan y parth diogelwch ar-lein, ar Hwb, sef man pwrpasol ar gyfer cefnogi athrawon, teuluoedd a dysgwyr yn y maes hollbwysig hwn. Ond wrth gwrs, nid diogelwch ar-lein yw'r unig fater sy'n codi, fel y clywsom - mae delwedd corff a chywilyddio corfforol, canfyddiadau wedi'u hystumio a achosir gan hidlyddion a Photoshop oll yn achosi problemau go iawn i bobl heddiw. Bob dydd wynebwn negeseuon sy'n dweud wrthym nad ydym yn ddigon da. Gwelwn gymaint o ddelweddau o bobl sydd i'w gweld yn berffaith, ac nid ydym yn gweld yr haenau o ffilteri neu'r delweddau niferus a ddilëwyd cyn hynny. Ceir corff cynyddol o dystiolaeth sy'n dangos y niwed y mae hyn yn ei achosi, yn enwedig i bobl ifanc. Felly, dros yr ychydig fisoedd diwethaf, rydym wedi cyhoeddi adnoddau addysgol yn edrych ar ddelwedd corff a hunan-barch yn y byd digidol. Y nod yw annog trafodaeth am effaith y rhyngrwyd ar ddelwedd corff a hunan-barch. Rydym yn gobeithio dangos i blant a phobl ifanc sut y gallant ddatblygu ymdeimlad cadarnhaol ohonynt eu hunain yn y byd yn lle hynny a thrwy gymryd rheolaeth a datblygu gwytnwch. Ceir agweddau eraill hefyd ar fywyd ar-lein a all fod yn niweidiol. Efallai y bydd gennym filoedd o ddilynwyr ar Twitter neu Instagram ond ychydig iawn o ffrindiau go iawn. Drwy'r cyfryngau cymdeithasol, rydym yn fwy cysylltiedig nag y buom erioed o'r blaen a gall hyn greu manteision cadarnhaol - gall pobl chwilio am grwpiau cymorth, dod o hyd i fasnachwyr lleol a gweithgareddau lleol i'w gwneud. Fodd bynnag, mae ochr fwy negyddol i'r cysylltedd hwn, fel y soniodd Lynne Neagle, oherwydd gall byw ein bywydau ar-lein arwain at unigrwydd gwirioneddol ac arwahanrwydd cymdeithasol, a gall hynny gael effaith niweidiol ar ein lles meddyliol a chorfforol. Gwyddom nad canlyniad gofal iechyd da yn unig yw iechyd da, a bod gan faterion economaidd, amgylcheddol a chymdeithasol bob un ran arwyddocaol i'w chwarae yn ein hiechyd a'n lles hirdymor. Felly, rydym wedi cyhoeddi adnoddau ar iechyd meddwl a'r rhyngrwyd. Mae'r rhain yn ceisio ysgogi sgyrsiau yn yr ystafell ddosbarth am effeithiau cadarnhaol a negyddol y rhyngrwyd, ac rydym wedi cydweithio â Childnet i ddatblygu Ymddiried ynof fi Cymru. Datblygwyd yr adnodd i helpu athrawon cynradd ac uwchradd i addysgu plant i werthuso'n feirniadol y wybodaeth y dônt o hyd iddi ar-lein, gan gynnwys deunydd a allai geisio dylanwadu'n fwriadol ar eu barn.