English: Presiding Officer, can I thank Michelle for her question? I believe higher education is a joint endeavour, one where the individual benefits, but also we as a society benefit too. And that's why the universal grant of £1,000, which was recommended by Diamond in his independent review, will be taken forward. This Government believes in the principle of universalism within that progressive system, and that's why we will fulfil the recommendation by Diamond. It's incongruous for the Member to argue on one hand that the £1,000 should not be paid, but on the other hand then talk about the issue around student debt and tuition loans. What we do know is that abolishing tuition loans, and not supporting individual student upfront costs, benefits the middle classes and the better-off more. You can't have it both ways. The Member is correct, though - and I should have addressed this in answer to Llyr Gruffydd, and I apologise for not doing so, Llyr - about the issue around the interest rates. I am concerned about interest rates, and how they are applied to student loans. And, as a result of that concern, I have written to the UK Government on that issue, expressed my support for a review of the interest rates, and to keep rates as low as possible. And I have made it clear to Jo Johnson, the Minister in the Westminster Government, that we need to work collectively together on this particular issue. So, I'm not forgetting about this point; this is an important point, and we are taking action to try and address this at the UK level. The Member is also right to talk about careers advice, and I would urge everybody thinking about applying to university to look at the latest longitudinal education outcomes survey. The LEO survey will tell you what the likelihood is of what you studied leading to a job, and the rates of pay that you would get. It makes very interesting reading. And if you do so, I suspect that we will see a rush of students applying for the computer science course in Swansea, because that course leads to high levels of employment, with very good levels of wage. So, you're right; we do need to make sure that students are getting proper careers advice before they make an application to a university. And teachers who are advising them need to be aware of the plethora of information that there is out there for students, to help them make those choices. Because undertaking a degree course is not to be taken lightly. It's something that really does need some proper consideration, and looking at the prospects at the end is an important factor to consider. With regard to subject-specific support, I understand that is UKIP policy. Diamond looked at subject-specific support, rather than a universal system, and he came down on the side of a universal system, and rejected the proposals for subject-specific support.
Welsh: Llywydd, a gaf i ddiolch i Michelle am ei chwestiwn? Rwy'n credu bod addysg uwch yn ymdrech ar y cyd, yn un lle mae'r unigolyn yn cael budd, ond hefyd lle'r ydym ni fel cymdeithas yn cael budd hefyd. A dyna pam y byddwn yn bwrw ymlaen â'r grant cyffredinol o £1,000, a gafodd ei argymell gan Diamond yn ei adolygiad annibynnol. Mae'r Llywodraeth yn credu yn yr egwyddor o roi'r un manteision i bawb o fewn y system flaengar honno, a dyna pam y byddwn yn cyflawni'r argymhelliad gan Diamond. Mae'n amhriodol fod yr Aelod yn dadlau ar y naill law na ddylai'r £1,000 gael ei dalu, ond ar y llaw arall, wedyn yn siarad am faterion ynghylch dyled myfyrwyr a benthyciadau dysgu. Yr hyn a wyddom yw bod diddymu benthyciadau dysgu, ac nid cefnogi costau cychwynnol myfyriwr unigol, yn fwy o fudd i'r dosbarth canol a'r mwyaf cefnog. Ni allwch ei chael hi bob ffordd. Mae'r Aelod yn gywir, er hynny - a dylwn fod wedi ymdrin â hyn wrth ateb Llyr Gruffydd, ac ymddiheuraf am beidio â gwneud hynny, Llyr - am y mater ynghylch y cyfraddau llog. Rwy'n pryderu am gyfraddau llog, a sut y maent yn cael eu cymhwyso i fenthyciadau myfyrwyr. O ganlyniad i'r pryder hwnnw, rwyf wedi ysgrifennu at Lywodraeth y DU ar y mater hwnnw, ac wedi mynegi fy nghefnogaeth i adolygiad o'r cyfraddau llog a chadw'r cyfraddau mor isel â phosibl. Ac rwyf wedi egluro i Jo Johnson, y Gweinidog yn Llywodraeth San Steffan, fod angen i ni weithio gyda'n gilydd ar y mater penodol hwn. Felly, nid wyf wedi anghofio am y pwynt hwn; mae'n bwynt pwysig, ac rydym yn cymryd camau i geisio mynd i'r afael â hyn ar lefel y DU. Mae'r Aelod hefyd yn iawn i siarad am gyngor gyrfaoedd, a byddwn yn annog pawb sy'n ystyried gwneud cais i fynd i brifysgol i edrych ar yr arolwg deilliannau addysg hydredol diweddaraf. Bydd yr arolwg hwn yn dweud wrthych beth yw'r tebygolrwydd y bydd yr hyn yr ydych yn ei astudio yn arwain at swydd, a chyfraddau cyflog y swyddi hynny. Mae'n ddiddorol iawn. Ac os ydych yn gwneud hynny, rwy'n tybio y byddwn yn gweld myfyrwyr yn rhuthro i wneud cais am le ar y cwrs cyfrifiadureg yn Abertawe, gan fod y cwrs yn arwain at lefelau uchel o gyflogaeth, gyda lefelau da iawn o gyflog. Felly, rydych chi'n iawn; mae angen i ni wneud yn siŵr bod myfyrwyr yn cael cyngor gyrfaoedd priodol cyn gwneud cais i fynd i brifysgol. Ac mae angen i'r athrawon sy'n eu cynghori fod yn ymwybodol o'r holl wybodaeth sydd yno ar gael i fyfyrwyr, i'w helpu i wneud y dewisiadau hynny. Oherwydd nid yw ymgymryd â chwrs gradd yn rhywbeth i'w gymryd yn ysgafn. Mae'n rhywbeth sydd angen ei ystyried o ddifrif, ac mae edrych ar y rhagolygon ar y diwedd yn ffactor pwysig i'w ystyried. O ran cymorth i bynciau penodol, rwy'n deall bod hynny yn bolisi gan UKIP. Edrychodd Diamond ar gymorth i bynciau penodol, yn hytrach na system gyffredinol, a phenderfynodd ochri â'r system gyffredinol, a gwrthod y cynigion am gymorth i bynciau penodol.