English: The 'Clean Air Plan for Wales' consultation document has public health running through it. It doesn't just talk about carbon reduction, it doesn't just talk about impact on environmental standards; it also talks about quality of life, and it talks about preventing life-limiting illness and death. So, there's certainly a thread in that plan that chimes with the motion, and the motion itself clearly recognises the impact on life and the need to address the issue, and I think the Minister herself is likely to tell us Welsh Government plans for a clean air Act. I am optimistic about that. The other issue is the 2,000 deaths a year quote. It isn't quite as stark as that according to Public Health Wales - or not quite as simple. The current Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants methods consider the pollutant mix in air that identifies reductions in life expectancy that can be aggregated then to a range of between 1,000 and 1,400 deaths a year in Wales. So, it isn't quite as simple as saying 2,000 people a year will die as a result of air pollution; it's an aggregated measure based on life expectancy, which itself demonstrates the difficulty in measuring the impacts of air quality and the fact that it is currently not entirely a science. That comes back to something Rhun ap Iorwerth said: we need to be better at monitoring the impacts of air quality. Monitoring is something that can and must be done more thoroughly. Whether it can be done continually outside schools - . I'll give you an example. When I was a councillor, in my council ward, we had air quality monitoring over a period of six months. The cost was enormous; there was a huge cost to air quality monitoring. I think what you need to consider is the best deployment of resources in areas of highest risk. So, Llyr, the area in your region that you mentioned, that is an area that is ripe for air quality monitoring, and we need to consider those areas and then model appropriately afterwards. I think, actually, when you've monitored - it's not just about monitoring, it's what actions you're going to take, and I think that is where the debate is now: what actions are you going to take? And I don't think it's whether we have a clean air Act, but what the clean air Act is going to set out to do. I think that is the key question, and that is what the constructive part of this debate should be about: what is that clean air Act trying to achieve? Well, the Environment Act 1995 puts a duty on local authorities to come up with a local air quality management plan. The problem with it is that it requires local authorities to identify problems working with others and it requires them to produce action plans, but that's it; it doesn't require, then, for the implementation of those actions to be monitored and scrutinised by politicians or anyone else. So, there are issues with that that a clean air Act can address. The local context needs to be considered. If we are having strict thresholds, context is vital. If we're having strict thresholds, then those thresholds may be most effective in areas where there are more vulnerable people, but then if you are very strict across a huge geographical area, it raises issues of attainability. And there needs to be, I think, through Stages 1 and 2 of the Bill, discussion around that attainability. And finally, some of the practical issues that might be the shortcomings of current actions that are being proposed outwith an Act, and that an Act will need to very clearly get to grips with. Getting to work is very, very difficult if you live outside of Cardiff; getting to work is incredibly difficult. People currently don't trust public transport. We use public transport; it is very, very untrustworthy. I've already said in this Chamber about my missing committee two weeks ago and feeling the wrath of the Chair who's sitting in front of me for missing committee. I had to beg Stagecoach to put on a bus from Bargoed to the Royal Gwent Hospital - I had to beg them. I had to beg Stagecoach to temporarily reinstate a bus to the Heath hospital, and what of the Grange hospital? What will public transport to the Grange hospital look like? There are questions around this that require more than a clean air Act; they require a bus deregulation Bill and they require a local government Act and, fortunately, we're seeing the Government taking action on that. Finally, I want to mention Twyn School in my constituency. Aneira Luff is a pupil at Twyn School, and she has taken action by writing to the headteacher, Lee Thomas, who has then communicated her letter to parents to ask them not to keep their cars idling outside school. Aneira Luff has done that - a pupil in school. I think that is an incredibly powerful way to communicate the need to reduce air emissions from cars outside schools. Jenny Rathbone has said the rest, and I agree with it. And I think, with that - Llywydd, you're looking at me now - my time's up. So, I'm going to have to call it to a halt there.
Welsh: Mae iechyd cyhoeddus yn rhedeg drwy'r ddogfen ymgynghori 'Cynllun Aer Glân i Gymru'. Nid siarad yn unig am leihau allyriadau carbon a wna, nid sôn yn unig am effaith ar safonau amgylcheddol a wna; mae hefyd yn sôn am ansawdd bywyd, ac mae'n sôn am atal salwch sy'n cyfyngu ar fywyd, a marwolaeth. Felly, yn sicr ceir edefyn yn y cynllun hwnnw sy'n cyd-fynd â'r cynnig, ac mae'r cynnig ei hun yn cydnabod yn glir yr effaith ar fywyd a'r angen i roi sylw i'r mater, ac rwy'n meddwl bod y Gweinidog ei hun yn debygol o ddweud wrthym beth yw cynlluniau Llywodraeth Cymru ar gyfer Deddf aer glân. Rwy'n optimistaidd ynglŷn â hynny. Y mater arall yw'r dyfyniad am 2,000 o farwolaethau'r flwyddyn. Nid yw mor llwm â hynny yn ôl Iechyd Cyhoeddus Cymru - neu nid yw mor syml â hynny. Mae dulliau presennol y Pwyllgor ar Effeithiau Meddygol Llygryddion Aer yn ystyried y cymysgedd o lygryddion mewn aer sy'n nodi gostyngiad i ddisgwyliad oes ac mae modd creu swm cyfanredol ohonynt wedyn i ystod o rhwng 1,000 a 1,400 o farwolaethau bob blwyddyn yng Nghymru. Felly, nid yw mor syml â dweud y bydd 2,000 o bobl y flwyddyn yn marw o ganlyniad i lygredd aer; mae'n fesur cyfanredol sy'n seiliedig ar ddisgwyliad oes, sydd ynddo'i hun yn dangos pa mor anodd yw mesur effeithiau ansawdd aer a'r ffaith nad yw'n wyddor fanwl ar hyn o bryd. Daw hynny'n ôl at rywbeth a ddywedodd Rhun ap Iorwerth: mae angen i ni fod yn well am fonitro effeithiau ansawdd aer. Mae monitro yn rhywbeth y gellir ac y mae'n rhaid ei wneud yn fwy trylwyr. P'un a ellir ei wneud yn barhaus y tu allan i ysgolion - . Rhoddaf enghraifft i chi. Pan oeddwn yn gynghorydd, yn fy ward gyngor, cafodd ansawdd aer ei fonitro gennym dros gyfnod o chwe mis. Roedd y gost yn enfawr; roedd cost enfawr i fonitro ansawdd aer. Rwy'n credu mai'r hyn y mae angen i chi ei ystyried yw'r ffordd orau o ddefnyddio adnoddau yn yr ardaloedd lle mae'r risg fwyaf. Felly, Llyr, yr ardal yn eich rhanbarth y sonioch chi amdani, mae honno'n ardal sy'n addas ar gyfer monitro ansawdd aer, ac mae angen inni ystyried yr ardaloedd hynny a modelu'n briodol wedyn. Rwy'n meddwl, mewn gwirionedd, pan fyddwch chi wedi monitro - nid mater o fonitro'n unig yw hyn, ond y camau rydych chi'n mynd i'w cymryd, a chredaf mai dyna lle mae'r ddadl yn awr: pa gamau a gymerwch? Ac nid wyf yn meddwl ei fod yn fater o a ydym am gael Deddf aer glân, ond beth y mae'r Ddeddf aer glân yn mynd i'w wneud. Credaf mai dyna yw'r cwestiwn allweddol, a dyna ddylai rhan adeiladol y ddadl hon fod: beth y mae'r Ddeddf aer glân yn ceisio'i gyflawni? Wel, mae Deddf yr Amgylchedd 1995 yn rhoi dyletswydd ar awdurdodau lleol i lunio cynllun rheoli ansawdd aer lleol. Y broblem yw ei fod yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i awdurdodau lleol nodi problemau wrth weithio gydag eraill ac mae'n ei gwneud yn ofynnol iddynt gynhyrchu cynlluniau gweithredu, ond dyna ni; nid yw'n mynnu, wedyn, fod gweithredu'r camau hynny'n cael ei fonitro a'i graffu gan wleidyddion nac unrhyw un arall. Felly, mae yna broblemau gyda hynny y gall Deddf aer glân fynd i'r afael â hwy. Mae angen ystyried y cyd-destun lleol. Os ydym yn cael trothwyon caeth, mae cyd-destun yn hanfodol. Os oes gennym drothwyon caeth, yna gall y trothwyon hynny fod yn fwyaf effeithiol mewn ardaloedd lle mae mwy o bobl agored i niwed, ond os ydych yn gaeth iawn ar draws ardal ddaearyddol enfawr, mae'n creu problemau o ran y gallu i gyflawni. A thrwy gamau 1 a 2 o'r Bil, rwy'n meddwl bod angen trafodaeth ynghylch y gallu hwnnw i gyflawni. Ac yn olaf, rhai o'r materion ymarferol a allai fod yn ddiffygion yn y camau gweithredu presennol sy'n cael eu hargymell y tu allan i Ddeddf, ac y bydd angen i Ddeddf fynd i'r afael â hwy'n glir iawn. Mae cyrraedd y gwaith yn anodd tu hwnt os ydych yn byw y tu allan i Gaerdydd; mae cyrraedd y gwaith yn hynod o anodd. Nid yw pobl ar hyn o bryd yn ymddiried mewn trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus. Rydym yn defnyddio trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus; mae'n anodd iawn ymddiried ynddo. Rwyf eisoes wedi dweud yn y Siambr hon am y pwyllgor a fethais bythefnos yn ôl a theimlo digofaint y Cadeirydd sy'n eistedd o fy mlaen am fethu'r pwyllgor. Bu'n rhaid i mi erfyn ar Stagecoach i redeg bws o Fargoed i Ysbyty Brenhinol Gwent - bu'n rhaid i mi erfyn arnynt. Bu'n rhaid i mi erfyn ar Stagecoach i adfer bws dros dro i ysbyty'r Mynydd Bychan, a beth am ysbyty'r Grange? Sut beth fydd trafnidiaeth gyhoeddus i ysbyty'r Grange? Mae cwestiynau ynglŷn â hyn sy'n gofyn am fwy na Deddf aer glân; mae angen Bil dadreoleiddio bysiau ac mae angen Deddf llywodraeth leol ac yn ffodus, rydym yn gweld y Llywodraeth yn gweithredu ar hynny. Yn olaf, hoffwn sôn am Ysgol Twyn yn fy etholaeth. Mae Aneira Luff yn ddisgybl yn Ysgol Twyn, ac mae hi wedi rhoi camau ar waith drwy ysgrifennu at y pennaeth, Lee Thomas, sydd wedyn wedi darparu ei llythyr ar gyfer y rhieni i ofyn iddynt beidio â chadw injan eu ceir i redeg y tu allan i'r ysgol. Mae Aneira Luff wedi gwneud hynny - disgybl yn yr ysgol. Credaf fod honno'n ffordd hynod bwerus o gyfleu'r angen i leihau allyriadau o geir i'r aer y tu allan i ysgolion. Mae Jenny Rathbone wedi dweud y gweddill, ac rwy'n cytuno. Ac rwy'n meddwl, gyda hynny - Lywydd, rydych chi'n edrych arnaf yn awr - fod fy amser ar ben. Felly, rwy'n mynd i orfod dod i ben yn y fan honno.