English: Well, having had a quick look at their website before coming here, I realised that they are organising five events in Wales. I'm not clear if that's in partnership with the Welsh Government, but I wonder if I can just implore you at the beginning here to contact whoever is responsible for their website to explain that these five places that they've put on their map of Wales, four of them aren't in Cardiff as they're supposed to be and, apparently, the Isle of Man is just off Holyhead. So, I think maybe the UN needs a little bit of guidance and help there. But the reason I raise that is because one of the questions that we should be asking is whether the UN is giving any money either to Welsh Government or to any other organisation directly to help with this, because the three objectives that you outlined in your statement are pretty important ones, not least the third of them, which was to increase the capacity of all stakeholders that support and promote indigenous languages and protect the rights of people who use those languages. And so, there are some obvious questions for me about whether they are helping you financially to, I don't know, support mentrau iaith, the Canolfan Dysgu Cymraeg Genedlaethol, the Welsh Language Commissioner's office, perhaps, or, particularly important for me, the Iaith Gwaith project. Because I appreciate that some money has gone towards these organisations up until now, but I think they could always do with more if they're going to fulfil not just the Welsh Government's strategic aims, but also those of the UN. I'm quite interested in what you had to say about Wales being a nation that others could look to in terms of language planning. I think we can be candid here and say it's not always been that much of a success. I'm thinking of those early generations, post devolution, who put up with half a GCSE for Welsh language. You know, we've been through a slightly torrid time on deciding whether we should retain the Welsh Language Commissioner, for example. The early versions of Welsh in education statutory plans - you know, there were some question marks about those, not least because, of course, there was no statutory underpinning for anything in those WESPs to actually be delivered. But things have moved on. Perhaps we have learnt from other countries ourselves, as you indicated we were. In fact, it's the Welsh Language Commissioner I'm thinking of here: it's not so long ago that Cardiff hosted a meeting of language commissioners from around the world and I think that actually reinforced - I don't know how other Members feel about it - but reinforced how important a role that is here in Wales. I think you also mentioned you wanted to use this as an opportunity to reinforce a message I think we are actually putting out there at the moment, which is that Wales is a space for culture to evolve and new people to be introduced to the language. And we are looking at the new Welsh curriculum - I can see all the ambition that's in there for Welsh language and Welsh language continuum, but, of course ,we're at a very early stage in seeing what that's going to look like in real life. But I'm wondering if you can give us, in your response to these questions, a little bit of information about how maybe we're reaching out to the black, Asian, minority ethnic community - I'm sorry to homogenise them in that way. But, of course, all the young people in communities around Wales have had Welsh in their curricula for a very long time, but I think it's fairly obvious that the chances for young people in some parts of Swansea, for example - they may not have the chance to practice their Welsh. Of course, in some of these households, they're already speaking two languages. They're in advance, really, in speaking a third, so perhaps you can tell us a little bit about what work's being done on that. I also notice from the UNESCO site that, in Britain, considered to be appropriate work for this year of indigenous languages is that, in Manchester, there's an event that's discussing Latin-American Spanish; in Leeds, there are events to do with the sub-continent of India and their languages; and in Edinburgh, bizarrely, they've got an event supporting French, which I didn't think was indigenous to Scotland, but there you go. My question, I suppose, is: are we looking beyond Welsh when we're thinking of taking opportunities out of this particular year? And I'm thinking of British Sign Language in particular, because I would say there's an argument that that is an indigenous language for Wales and it has been raised on the floor of this Chamber a number of times. Just very quickly, then, I wonder if you can tell us a little bit about the basis of the Welsh language technology action plan and how you think that might be embedded into schemes like Technocamps and Science for Schools, which are obviously schemes that encourage the take-up of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, which is going to be pretty important for our economy generally? But also, on my final point, which is a point on which I completely agree with you, and that is the use of our identity as a bilingual nation to be used to advantage economically as well as culturally in a global context. The fact that Wales is the only part of the UK that can say, 'You are free to operate here in a medium other than English' I think is a massive sell. But what I would encourage you to do is consider how we might make that an offer that is a trilingual Wales and to work with the education Minister on space for modern foreign languages within the new curriculum. Because, at the moment, as you know, it's not got a very high priority. I'm very nervous that the capacity for teaching modern foreign languages is disappearing, and even though I'm sure we'd all have ambitions for that in the national curriculum, we need to make sure we've got people who can deliver it. That is not to say that Welsh and modern foreign languages are the same or should have the same priority, but if that is going to be our sell to Wales, we'd better do a really good job of it. Thank you.
Welsh: Wel, ar ôl cael cipolwg sydyn ar eu gwefan cyn dod yma, sylweddolais eu bod yn trefnu pum digwyddiad yng Nghymru. Dydw i ddim yn siŵr a yw hynny mewn partneriaeth â Llywodraeth Cymru, ond tybed a gaf i erfyn arnoch chi ar y dechrau yma i gysylltu â phwy bynnag sy'n gyfrifol am eu gwefan i egluro o'r pum lle hyn y maen nhw wedi'u rhoi ar eu map o Gymru, nad yw pedwar ohonyn nhw yng Nghaerdydd fel y maen nhw i fod ac, i bob golwg, mae Ynys Manaw yn agos i Gaergybi. Felly, rwy'n credu bod angen ychydig o arweiniad a chymorth ar y Cenhedloedd Unedig. Ond y rheswm dros grybwyll hynny yw oherwydd mai un o'r cwestiynau y dylem ni fod yn ei ofyn yw a yw'r Cenhedloedd Unedig yn rhoi unrhyw arian naill ai i Lywodraeth Cymru neu i unrhyw sefydliad arall yn uniongyrchol i helpu gyda hyn, oherwydd mae'r tri amcan a amlinellwyd gennych chi yn eich datganiad yn rhai eithaf pwysig, yn enwedig y trydydd ohonyn nhw, sef cynyddu capasiti'r holl randdeiliaid sy'n cefnogi ac yn hybu ieithoedd brodorol ac yn diogelu hawliau pobl sy'n defnyddio'r ieithoedd hynny. Ac felly, mae rhai cwestiynau amlwg i mi ynghylch a ydyn nhw'n eich helpu chi'n ariannol i, wn i ddim, gefnogi'r mentrau iaith, y Ganolfan Dysgu Cymraeg Genedlaethol, swyddfa Comisiynydd y Gymraeg, efallai, neu, yn arbennig o bwysig i mi, y prosiect Iaith Gwaith. Oherwydd rwy'n sylweddoli bod rhywfaint o arian wedi mynd tuag at y sefydliadau hyn hyd yn hyn, ond rwy'n credu y gallen nhw bob amser wneud ag ychydig mwy os ydyn nhw'n mynd i gyflawni nid yn unig nodau strategol Llywodraeth Cymru, ond hefyd amcanion y Cenhedloedd Unedig. Mae gen i ddiddordeb yn yr hyn yr oeddech yn ei ddweud bod Cymru'n genedl y gallai eraill ei dilyn o ran cynllunio ieithyddol. Rwy'n credu y gallwn ni fod yn onest yn y fan hyn a dweud nad yw wedi bod llwyddiannus iawn bob amser. Rwy'n meddwl am y cenedlaethau cynnar hynny, ar ôl datganoli, y bu'n rhaid iddyn nhw fodloni eu hunain â hanner TGAU yn y Gymraeg. Wyddoch chi, rydym ni wedi bod trwy gyfnod braidd yn anodd o ran penderfynu a ddylem ni gadw Comisiynydd y Gymraeg, er enghraifft. O ran y fersiynau cynnar o'r cynlluniau statudol Cymraeg mewn addysg - wyddoch chi, roedd rhai amheuon am y rheini, yn bennaf oherwydd, wrth gwrs, nad oedd sail statudol i gyflawni unrhyw beth yn y cynlluniau strategol hynny mewn gwirionedd. Ond mae pethau wedi symud ymlaen. Efallai ein bod wedi dysgu oddi wrth wledydd eraill ein hunain, fel y gwnaethoch chi ddweud ein bod ni. Yn wir, am Gomisiynydd y Gymraeg yr wyf i'n meddwl amdano yn y fan hyn: nid oes cymaint â hynny o amser wedi mynd heibio ers i Gaerdydd gynnal cyfarfod o gomisiynwyr iaith o bob cwr o'r byd ac rwy'n credu bod hynny wedi atgyfnerthu - dydw i ddim yn gwybod beth yw barn yr Aelodau eraill ar hyn - ond wedi atgyfnerthu pa mor bwysig yw'r swyddogaeth honno yma yng Nghymru. Rwy'n credu i chi sôn hefyd eich bod chi eisiau defnyddio hwn fel cyfle i atgyfnerthu neges yr ydym ni, rwy'n credu, yn ei chyflwyno ar hyn o bryd, sef bod Cymru yn lle i ddiwylliant esblygu ac i bobl newydd gael eu cyflwyno i'r iaith. Ac rydym ni yn ystyried cwricwlwm newydd i Gymru - gallaf weld yr holl uchelgais sydd ynddo ar gyfer yr iaith a chontinwwm Cymraeg, ond, wrth gwrs, rydym ni ar gam cynnar iawn o ran gweld sut beth fydd hynny mewn bywyd go iawn. Ond tybed a allwch chi roi ychydig o wybodaeth i ni, yn eich ymateb i'r cwestiynau hyn, ynglŷn â sut yr ydym ni'n cyrraedd y gymuned ddu, Asiaidd a lleiafrifoedd ethnig - mae'n ddrwg gen i eu homogeneiddio yn y ffordd honno. Ond, wrth gwrs, mae'r holl bobl ifanc mewn cymunedau ledled Cymru wedi bod â Chymraeg yn eu meysydd llafur ers amser maith iawn, ond rwy'n credu ei bod hi'n weddol amlwg nad yw'r cyfleoedd i bobl ifanc mewn rhai rhannau o Abertawe, er enghraifft - nad ydyn nhw o bosib yn cael y cyfle i ymarfer eu Cymraeg. Wrth gwrs, yn rhai o'r aelwydydd hyn, maen nhw eisoes yn siarad dwy iaith. Maen nhw ar y blaen, mewn gwirionedd, wrth siarad trydedd iaith, felly efallai y gallwch chi ddweud ychydig wrthym ni am y gwaith sy'n cael ei wneud ar hynny. Rwy'n sylwi hefyd ar y wefan UNESCO, ym Mhrydain, bod gwaith priodol ar gyfer y flwyddyn hon o ieithoedd brodorol, yn cynnwys digwyddiad, ym Manceinion, sy'n trafod Sbaeneg Lladin-Americanaidd; yn Leeds, mae yna ddigwyddiadau yn ymwneud ag is-gyfandir India a'u hieithoedd; ac yng Nghaeredin, yn rhyfedd iawn, mae ganddyn nhw ddigwyddiad yn cefnogi'r Ffrangeg, a doeddwn i ddim yn credu ei bod hi'n gynhenid i'r Alban, ond dyna chi. Fy nghwestiwn, mae'n debyg, yw: a ydym ni'n edrych y tu hwnt i'r Gymraeg pan fyddwn ni'n ystyried achub ar gyfleoedd o'r flwyddyn benodol hon? Ac rwy'n meddwl am Iaith Arwyddion Prydain yn arbennig, oherwydd byddwn i'n dweud bod yna ddadl bod honno'n iaith frodorol i Gymru ac mae hi wedi'i chodi ar lawr y Siambr hon nifer o weithiau. Yn gyflym iawn, felly, tybed a wnewch chi ddweud ychydig wrthym ni am sail cynllun gweithredu technoleg y Gymraeg a sut ydych chi'n credu y gallai hwnnw gael ei ymwreiddio mewn cynlluniau fel Technocamps a Gwyddoniaeth i Ysgolion, sy'n amlwg yn gynlluniau sy'n annog disgyblion i astudio gwyddoniaeth, technoleg, peirianneg a mathemateg, a fydd yn eithaf pwysig i'n heconomi yn gyffredinol? Ond hefyd, o ran fy mhwynt olaf, sy'n bwynt yr wyf yn cytuno'n llwyr â chi arno, sef defnyddio ein hunaniaeth fel cenedl ddwyieithog i fanteisio'n economaidd yn ogystal ag yn ddiwylliannol mewn cyd-destun byd-eang. Mae'r ffaith mai Cymru yw'r unig ran o'r DU sy'n gallu dweud, 'Rydych chi'n rhydd i weithredu yn y fan yma mewn cyfrwng heblaw am Saesneg' yn beth gwych i'w hyrwyddo, yn fy marn i. Ond yr hyn y byddwn i'n eich annog i'w wneud yw ystyried sut y gallem ni wneud hwnnw'n gynnig o ran creu Cymru dairieithog a gweithio gyda'r Gweinidog Addysg ar sicrhau lle i ieithoedd tramor modern yn y cwricwlwm newydd. Oherwydd, ar hyn o bryd, fel y gwyddoch chi, nid yw'n cael blaenoriaeth uchel iawn. Rwy'n bryderus iawn bod y gallu i ddysgu ieithoedd tramor modern yn diflannu, ac er fy mod i'n siŵr y byddai gennym ni i gyd uchelgais gweld hynny yn y cwricwlwm cenedlaethol, mae angen i ni wneud yn siŵr bod gennym ni bobl sy'n gallu ei ddarparu. Nid yw hynny'n gyfystyr â dweud bod y Gymraeg ac ieithoedd tramor modern yr un fath nac y dylent gael yr un flaenoriaeth, ond os mai dyna fydd ein modd o werthu Cymru, byddai'n well inni wneud hynny'n dda iawn. Diolch yn fawr.