English: Dirprwy Lywydd, thank you very much. Can I say in opening that I think, in answering First Minister's questions, I failed to recognise the generosity of the leader of the opposition's remarks about the work of Welsh Government officials over the last week? And if I failed to do so, then I want to make sure I've put it on the record now, because extraordinary efforts were made and I was grateful to the leader of the opposition for the way in which he recognised that. I'll focus, if I can, on the specific points that have been raised. In relation to farmers and cost pressures, 70 per cent of people's single farm payment will be in the hands of almost all farmers in Wales in October of this year. Ninety-seven per cent of all farmers in Wales received those payments in October last year, and we'll be aiming to do the same again. On school meals, I don't think it can be fair to say that this is an ideological difference between us. The measures that the Conservative Government in London will announce on Friday will go to every family in the land. In fact, more help will go to the best-off families than will go to the worst-off families. It is a universal approach that the UK Government will be taking. And it seems to me that if it is good enough to make sure that help goes to everybody in the energy crisis, then it can't be an ideological difference to say that help should go to every child in a primary school in Wales when it comes to free school meals. There are very good reasons why the universal approach is being taken, particularly in the free school meal sense, to make sure that we avoid the stigma that, sadly, has, for so many years, been associated with free school meals uptake. The point that Andrew R.T. Davies raises in relation to the costing of it all: we'll provide £260 million to support local authorities to deliver that policy; £60 million of that is capital and £35 million of the £60 million was announced in detail on 7 September, to make sure that your local education authorities have the certainty that the money is there for them to improve kitchens, buy equipment and so on, to deliver the policy successfully. I continue to be a bit bemused by the Member's question, when he tells me that he believes in cutting taxes, but wants to know what plans I have to raise them. And I've explained to him before that, if you look at what we said in our programme for government, we took a decision at the start of this term not to raise more money in taxes from people in Wales while the economy was seeking to recover from the impact of the pandemic. The stresses and strains on our economy, for all the reasons we've already explained - the impact of the war in Ukraine; the continuing impact of leaving the European Union - does not lead me to conclude that the circumstances that led us to that conclusion have been ameliorated. On the issue of unclaimed benefit, of course we absolutely want to draw down everything that Welsh families are entitled to. And to give another example there, Dirprwy Lywydd, we believe that at the moment, in Wales today, up to £70 million may be unclaimed from child trust funds. So, children who had child trust funds deposited for them - and I know that the leader of the opposition will remember that we decided here in this Chamber to add money into the child trust funds of looked-after children, for example, in Wales - well, that money has stayed there for 18 years and now children are becoming entitled to draw it down. But because the scheme was ended back in 2010 by the coalition Government, the publicity around the scheme has diminished considerably. And already £70 million, which is there waiting to be claimed by young people in Wales, has not been drawn down. So, there clearly is more that we can do together to make sure that we do better in that way, and that will help, as will many of the measures I've outlined today, with issues of poverty in families and with children. As to employment rates, employment rates in Wales are higher than employment rates across the United Kingdom, and the growth in employment rates has outstripped the growth in employment rates across the United Kingdom as well. One of the real challenges for the incoming UK Government is that the total workforce in the United Kingdom is still lower than it was before the pandemic hit. Many people, for whatever reason that may be, have decided not to return to the workforce, having found themselves outside it as a result of the COVID experience. Of course we want to make sure that, here in Wales, women and men have equal access to the employment market, but there are more fundamental issues at play here. The leader of the opposition began by referring to the productivity gap and one of the real constraints in being able to deal with the productivity gap is the fact that we do not have workers, sufficient workers in the United Kingdom, in order to be able to do the jobs that are available for them.
Welsh: Dirprwy Lywydd, diolch yn fawr iawn i chi. A gaf i ddweud wrth agor fy mod i'n credu, wrth ateb cwestiynau'r Prif Weinidog, fy mod i wedi methu â chydnabod haelfrydedd sylwadau arweinydd yr wrthblaid o ran gwaith swyddogion Llywodraeth Cymru dros yr wythnos ddiwethaf? Ac os methais i â gwneud hynny, yna fe hoffwn i wneud yn siŵr fy mod i'n gwneud hynny ar y cofnod nawr, oherwydd fe wnaethpwyd ymdrechion rhyfeddol ac roeddwn i'n ddiolchgar i arweinydd yr wrthblaid am y ffordd y gwnaeth gydnabod hynny. Rwyf i am ganolbwyntio, os caf i, ar y pwyntiau penodol a godwyd. O ran ffermwyr a'r pwysau sydd arnyn nhw o ran costau, fe fydd 70 y cant o daliadau sengl pobl yn nwylo bron i bob ffermwr yng Nghymru ym mis Hydref eleni. Fe dderbyniodd 97% o holl ffermwyr Cymru'r taliadau hynny ym mis Hydref y llynedd, a byddwn â'r nod o wneud yr un peth eto. O ran prydau ysgol, nid wyf i o'r farn ei bod yn deg dweud mai gwahaniaeth ideolegol rhyngom ni yw hynny. Bydd y mesurau a gaiff eu cyhoeddi gan y Llywodraeth Geidwadol yn Llundain yn mynd i bob teulu yn y wlad. Yn wir, fe fydd yna fwy o gymorth yn mynd i'r teuluoedd mwyaf cefnog nag a fydd yn mynd i'r teuluoedd mwyaf anghenus. Dull cyffredinol yw'r un y bydd Llywodraeth y DU yn ei gymryd. Ac mae hi'n ymddangos i mi os yw hi'n briodol i wneud yn siŵr bod cymorth yn mynd at bawb yn yr argyfwng ynni, yna ni all dweud y dylai cymorth fynd i bob plentyn mewn ysgol gynradd yng Nghymru fod yn wahaniaeth ideolegol o ran prydau ysgol am ddim. Fe geir rhesymau da iawn pam mae'r dull cyffredinol yn cael ei fabwysiadu, yn enwedig gyda phrydau ysgol am ddim, i wneud yn siŵr ein bod yn osgoi'r gwarthnod sydd, yn anffodus, wedi bod, ers cymaint o flynyddoedd, yn gysylltiedig â manteisio ar brydau ysgol am ddim. Y pwynt y mae Andrew R.T. Davies yn ei godi o ran cost y cyfan: rydym ni am ddarparu £260 miliwn i gefnogi awdurdodau lleol i gyflawni'r polisi hwnnw; mae £60 miliwn o hwnnw'n gyfalaf ac fe gyhoeddwyd £35 miliwn o'r £60 miliwn yn fanwl ar 7 Medi, i wneud yn siŵr bod eich awdurdodau addysg lleol yn cael y sicrwydd bod yr arian ar gael iddyn nhw ar gyfer gwella ceginau, prynu offer ac yn y blaen, a chyflwyno'r polisi yn llwyddiannus. Rwy'n parhau i fod ychydig yn bryderus ynglŷn â chwestiwn yr Aelod, wrth iddo ddweud wrthyf i ei fod o blaid torri trethi, ond yn dymuno gwybod pa gynlluniau sydd gennyf i i'w codi nhw. Ac rwyf i wedi egluro iddo o'r blaen, pe byddech chi'n ystyried yr hyn y gwnaethom ni ei ddweud yn ein rhaglen lywodraethu, fe wnaethom ni benderfyniad ar ddechrau'r tymor hwn i beidio â chodi mwy o arian gyda threthiant ar bobl yng Nghymru tra bydd yr economi yn ceisio adfer ar ôl effaith y pandemig. Mae'r straen a'r pwysau ar ein heconomi ni, am yr holl resymau a esboniwyd gennym ni eisoes - effaith y rhyfel yn Wcráin; effaith barhaus ymadael â'r Undeb Ewropeaidd - yn fy arwain i ddod i'r casgliad y bydd yr amgylchiadau a'n harweiniodd ni i'r casgliad hwnnw wedi cael eu lleddfu. Ar y mater budd-dal heb ei hawlio, rydym ni'n gwbl awyddus, wrth gwrs, i dynnu i lawr popeth y mae gan deuluoedd Cymru hawl i'w gael. Ac i roi enghraifft arall o hynny, Dirprwy Lywydd, rydym ni'n credu y gallai hyd at £70 miliwn, ar hyn o bryd, yng Nghymru heddiw, fod heb ei hawlio o gronfeydd ymddiriedolaeth plant. Felly, fe fydd plant yr adneuwyd cronfeydd ymddiriedolaeth plant ar eu cyfer - ac rwy'n gwybod y bydd arweinydd yr wrthblaid yn cofio ein bod ni wedi penderfynu yma yn y Siambr hon i ychwanegu arian at gronfeydd ymddiriedolaeth plant i blant sy'n derbyn gofal, er enghraifft, yng Nghymru - wel, mae'r arian hwnnw wedi gorwedd yno am 18 mlynedd ac fe fydd plant â'r hawl nawr i dynnu allan ohono. Ond am fod y cynllun wedi cael ei derfynu nôl yn 2010 gan Lywodraeth y glymblaid, mae'r cyhoeddusrwydd o amgylch y cynllun wedi lleihau yn sylweddol. Ac mae £70 miliwn eisoes, sydd yno'n aros i gael ei hawlio gan bobl ifanc yng Nghymru, heb gael ei dynnu allan. Felly, mae hi'n amlwg bod yna fwy y gallwn ni ei wneud gyda'n gilydd i wneud yn siŵr ein bod ni'n gwneud yn well yn hynny o beth, ac fe fydd hynny'n helpu, fel gwna llawer o'r mesurau a amlinellais i heddiw, gyda materion ynglŷn â thlodi mewn teuluoedd a gyda phlant. O ran cyfraddau cyflogaeth, mae cyfraddau cyflogaeth yng Nghymru yn uwch na chyfraddau cyflogaeth ledled y Deyrnas Unedig, ac mae'r twf mewn cyfraddau cyflogaeth wedi rhagori ar y twf mewn cyfraddau cyflogaeth ledled y Deyrnas Unedig hefyd. Un o'r heriau gwirioneddol i Lywodraeth y DU sy'n dod i mewn yw bod cyfanswm y gweithlu yn y Deyrnas Unedig yn parhau i fod yn is nag yr oedd cyn i'r pandemig daro. Mae llawer o bobl, am ba reswm bynnag a allai hynny fod, wedi penderfynu peidio â dychwelyd i'r gweithlu, ar ôl cael eu hunain y tu allan iddo o ganlyniad i brofiadau COVID. Wrth gwrs rydym ni'n dymuno sicrhau, yma yng Nghymru, fod menywod a dynion â chyfartaledd o ran y farchnad gyflogaeth, ond fe geir materion mwy sylfaenol ar waith yn hyn o beth. Fe ddechreuodd arweinydd yr wrthblaid drwy gyfeirio at y bwlch cynhyrchiant ac un o'r cyfyngiadau gwirioneddol o ran gallu mynd i'r afael â'r bwlch cynhyrchiant yw'r ffaith nad oes gennym ni weithwyr, digon o weithwyr yn y Deyrnas Unedig, i allu cyflawni'r swyddi sydd ar gael iddyn nhw.