English: Now, at this point, I believe it's worth noting that in the policy and legislative context of Wales, we are already very familiar with a rights-based approach. Perhaps the most notable for me has been the work in respect of the rights of children and young persons. Those were incorporated into Welsh law via the Rights of Children and Young Persons (Wales) Measure 2011. Through this Measure, we know that Welsh Ministers have to pay due regard to the specific human rights of children and young people. This is, of course, an example of the indirect incorporation of human rights treaties, as Government Ministers are not fully bound by them, but must pay due regard to these rights. And that differs in approach to direct incorporation, which is the way the UK dealt with the Human Rights Act 1998. In the case of direct incorporation, it often means an individual can use their human rights to seek justice in a British court. The recent feasibility report also highlights sectoral incorporation, which means rights are incorporated in specific policy areas. Once again, Wales has experience of this through the Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014. So, incorporation of rights can be direct, indirect or sectoral. And incorporation is important, because it brings these human rights into our national legal framework. Following incorporation, Governments and public bodies can be held accountable through a number of mechanisms, including complaints, commissions and commissioners. Such an approach, of course, underpins the work of the Children's Commissioner for Wales. So, what is the right that we would seek to incorporate in relation to adequate housing? Well, as I've said, it is set out in article 11 (1) of the covenant on economic, social and cultural rights, and includes, and I quote, hence the gender-specific language, 'the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing'. The UN committee has further defined this as a right to live in peace, security and dignity, and this helps to frame housing as being of fundamental importance to humanity. There is an important point I should make at this stage, and that is: incorporating this legal right does not require Government to provide housing for all. As Ali from Tai Pawb wrote: 'There is a popular misconception that the right to adequate housing means that the government has to build a home for every citizen. This is of course a myth, it is more about supporting social progress, with special focus on those most disadvantaged' - what she describes as 'progressive realisation'. But it would require a clear enabling strategy that can progressively address housing problems. Indeed, the sponsors of the recent feasibility report support the idea of taking a mixed approach to the incorporation of the right to adequate housing. That is, they believe there should be both direct and indirect incorporation, so that there is a strong proactive framework for a right to housing in policy making, but also the right to enforcement if that right is breached. I have little doubt that this is part of the debate that needs the most careful examination. Indeed, I would hope that the Equality, Local Government and Communities Committee might hold an initial inquiry to take evidence on these issues in advance of the 2021 Assembly elections. Such evidence could consider international experience within the context of this debate. We can read that Canada has taken this approach with a national housing strategy that commits to approaching housing as a human right. Norway is also making progress with a rights-based approach. Such evidence sessions would help to inform decisions to be made in respect of the sixth term of the Assembly, as I'm not sure there's time for such important legislation, unfortunately, in this Assembly term. But such evidence would also help the Minister, who I know has already expressed both her interest in and willingness to look at this issue, when she spoke in the recent event at the Pierhead building. And as I'm not a lawyer, such evidence would help further improve my understanding of the range of implications of such a law. So, let me conclude on this point. After this debate, I'll travel to my home in Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney, and at the end of a long, busy day, that thought provides me with some comfort. I return to familiar personal objects, to some security and safety, and I'll have warmth if that is required. But I also recognise that, in 2019, in spite of all this nation's wealth, this is not the case for all our fellow citizens in Wales, which leads me to conclude, for the reasons I've set out in this debate, that it is now time to consider the right to a statutory right to adequate housing, to improve the prospects that in Wales we can meet a citizen's right to that most basic of needs, a home. So, I return to where I started, and I propose that this National Assembly should consider making a national commitment to the fundamental principle that every one of us should have a human right underpinned by law to access adequate housing.
Welsh: Nawr, ar y pwynt hwn, credaf ei bod yn werth nodi ein bod eisoes, yng nghyd-destun polisi a deddfwriaeth Cymru, yn gyfarwydd iawn â dull sy'n seiliedig ar hawliau. Efallai mai'r mwyaf nodedig i mi oedd y gwaith yn ymwneud â hawliau plant a phobl ifanc. Ymgorfforwyd y rheini yng nghyfraith Cymru drwy gyfrwng Mesur Hawliau Plant a Phobl Ifanc (Cymru) 2011. Drwy'r Mesur hwn, gwyddom fod yn rhaid i Weinidogion Cymru roi sylw dyledus i hawliau dynol penodol plant a phobl ifanc. Mae hyn, wrth gwrs, yn enghraifft o ymgorffori cytuniadau hawliau dynol yn anuniongyrchol, gan nad yw Gweinidogion y Llywodraeth wedi'u rhwymo'n llawn ganddynt, ond mae'n rhaid iddynt roi sylw dyledus i'r hawliau hyn. Ac mae hynny'n wahanol i'r dull o ymgorffori'n uniongyrchol, sef y ffordd yr ymdriniodd y DU â Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998. Yn achos ymgorffori uniongyrchol, mae'n aml yn golygu y gall unigolyn ddefnyddio ei hawliau dynol i geisio cyfiawnder mewn llys Prydeinig. Mae'r adroddiad dichonoldeb diweddar hefyd yn tynnu sylw at ymgorffori sectoraidd, sy'n golygu bod hawliau wedi'u hymgorffori mewn meysydd polisi penodol. Unwaith eto, mae gan Gymru brofiad o hyn drwy Ddeddf Gwasanaethau Cymdeithasol a Llesiant (Cymru) 2014. Felly, gall ymgorffori hawliau fod yn broses uniongyrchol, anuniongyrchol neu sectoraidd. Ac mae ymgorffori'n bwysig, gan ei fod yn cynnwys yr hawliau dynol hyn yn ein fframwaith cyfreithiol cenedlaethol. Yn dilyn ymgorffori, gellir dwyn Llywodraethau a chyrff cyhoeddus i gyfrif drwy nifer o fecanweithiau, gan gynnwys cwynion, comisiynau a chomisiynwyr. Dull o'r fath, wrth gwrs, sy'n sail i waith Comisiynydd Plant Cymru. Felly, beth yw'r hawl y byddem yn ceisio ei chynnwys mewn perthynas â thai digonol? Wel, fel y dywedais, mae wedi'i nodi yn erthygl 11 (1) y cyfamod ar hawliau economaidd, cymdeithasol a diwylliannol, ac mae'n cynnwys, ac rwy'n dyfynnu, felly dyna pam fod yr iaith rywedd-benodol, 'hawl pawb i safon byw ddigonol iddo ef a'i deulu, gan gynnwys bwyd, dillad a thai digonol' Mae Pwyllgor y Cenhedloedd Unedig wedi diffinio hyn ymhellach fel hawl i fyw mewn heddwch, diogelwch ac urddas, ac mae hyn yn helpu i osod tai yn y ffrâm fel rhywbeth sydd o bwys sylfaenol i ddynoliaeth. Pwynt pwysig y dylwn ei wneud ar cam hwn yw nad yw ymgorffori'r hawl gyfreithiol hon yn ei gwneud yn ofynnol i'r Llywodraeth ddarparu tai i bawb. Fel yr ysgrifennodd Ali o Tai Pawb: Mae camsyniad poblogaidd fod yr hawl i dai digonol yn golygu bod yn rhaid i'r Llywodraeth adeiladu cartref i bob dinesydd. Myth yw hyn, wrth gwrs, mae'n ymwneud mwy â chefnogi cynnydd cymdeithasol, gyda ffocws arbennig ar y rhai mwyaf difreintiedig - yr hyn y mae hi'n ei ddisgrifio fel gwireddu graddol. Ond byddai angen strategaeth alluogi glir a all fynd i'r afael â phroblemau tai yn raddol. Yn wir, mae noddwyr yr adroddiad dichonoldeb diweddar yn cefnogi'r syniad o fabwysiadu ymagwedd gymysg tuag at ymgorffori'r hawl i dai digonol. Hynny yw, maent yn credu y dylid ymgorffori'n uniongyrchol ac yn anuniongyrchol, fel bod fframwaith rhagweithiol cryf ar gyfer hawl i dai wrth lunio polisi, ond hefyd yr hawl i orfodi os torrir yr hawl honno. Nid oes gennyf fawr o amheuaeth fod angen archwilio'r rhan hon o'r ddadl yn y modd mwyaf gofalus. Yn wir, buaswn yn gobeithio y gallai'r Pwyllgor Cydraddoldeb, Llywodraeth Leol a Chymunedau gynnal ymchwiliad cychwynnol i gymryd tystiolaeth ar y materion hyn cyn etholiadau'r Cynulliad yn 2021. Gallai tystiolaeth o'r fath ystyried profiad rhyngwladol yng nghyd-destun y ddadl hon. Gwelwn fod Canada wedi mabwysiadu'r dull hwn gyda strategaeth dai genedlaethol sy'n ymrwymo i ymdrin â thai fel hawl ddynol. Mae Norwy hefyd yn gwneud cynnydd ar ddull sy'n seiliedig ar hawliau. Byddai sesiynau tystiolaeth o'r fath yn helpu i lywio penderfyniadau i'w gwneud mewn perthynas â chweched tymor y Cynulliad, gan nad wyf yn siŵr a oes digon o amser ar gyfer deddfwriaeth mor bwysig, yn anffodus, yn ystod tymor y Cynulliad hwn. Ond byddai tystiolaeth o'r fath o gymorth i'r Gweinidog hefyd, a gwn ei bod eisoes wedi mynegi ei diddordeb a'i pharodrwydd i edrych ar y mater hwn, pan siaradodd yn y digwyddiad yn adeilad y Pierhead yn ddiweddar. A chan nad wyf yn gyfreithiwr, byddai tystiolaeth o'r fath yn helpu i wella fy nealltwriaeth o'r ystod o oblygiadau niferus a fyddai i ddeddf o'r fath. Felly, gadewch i mi ddirwyn i ben ar y pwynt hwn. Ar ôl y ddadl hon, byddaf yn teithio i fy nghartref ym Merthyr Tudful a Rhymni, ac ar ddiwedd diwrnod hir, prysur, mae hynny'n rhoi rhywfaint o gysur i mi. Dychwelaf at wrthrychau personol cyfarwydd, at ddiogelwch, ac fe gaf gynhesrwydd os bydd ei angen. Ond rwy'n cydnabod hefyd, yn 2019, er gwaethaf holl gyfoeth y wlad hon, nad yw hyn yn wir i bob un o'n cyd-ddinasyddion yng Nghymru, sy'n fy arwain i'r casgliad, am y rhesymau a nodwyd gennyf yn y ddadl hon, ei bod bellach yn bryd i ni ystyried yr hawl statudol i dai digonol, er mwyn gwella'r gobaith yng Nghymru y gallwn ddiwallu hawl dinesydd i un o'r anghenion mwyaf sylfaenol, sef cartref. Felly, dychwelaf at lle dechreuais, ac rwy'n cynnig y dylai'r Cynulliad Cenedlaethol hwn ystyried gwneud ymrwymiad cenedlaethol i'r egwyddor sylfaenol y dylai pob un ohonom gael hawl ddynol, wedi'i hategu gan gyfraith, i gael gafael ar dai digonol.