English: Thank you, acting Presiding Officer. The priorities in every budget are the same: to improve health, support local government, improve the environment and reduce carbon emissions, improve educational attainment, improve the economy and improve the quality of life for people in Wales and reduce or preferably end poverty. Well, we have all these debates as we all have different ways as to how we want to achieve it. Within health, I'm calling for the prioritisation of health improvement and primary care. Primary care is the point of contact for all non-A&E entry into the health service, and a better resourced and funded primary care sector would reduce the need for hospital care. As we've seen, year on year, when the health boards get the money, primary care and GP practices get a smaller and smaller proportion of the cake. We know that the following improves health: wash your hands often, and we saw during COVID that this led to a huge reduction in gastric problems; sleep for seven to nine hours every night; maintain good posture; eat a healthy, balanced diet; drink plenty of fluids; be more active; minimise stress levels; and reduce pollution. The health effects of obesity, which is probably the biggest problem that we're facing at the moment and one that we look away from when we should be looking at it, are: high blood pressure, additional fat tissue in the body that needs oxygen and nutrients in order to live; diabetes - obesity is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, which is a major cost to the health service and we could be doing something to try to reduce that expenditure, and it's not about not treating people with type 2 diabetes, it's getting fewer people to have type 2 diabetes; heart disease - hardening of the arteries is present 10 times more often in obese people, and whereas we've seen a continued reduction in smoking, unfortunately, obesity is going in the opposite direction. Obesity is now the second biggest cause of cancer and, I would guess, when we get the next list out of major causes of cancer, it'll take over as No. 1. I think we really have got to treat obesity as the most important thing that we are facing. The Welsh Government needs to promote a healthy lifestyle and thus reduce the number of people will health conditions. Is it any surprise that people with a poor diet living in cold, damp conditions are more prone to ill health? The Attlee Government, which I often speak highly of, from 1945 to 1951, realised the link between housing and health, but unfortunately this has not been followed by any subsequent Government. We need to build high-quality council houses across Wales to improve people's lives and health. Is it any surprise that people living in cold, damp conditions that are very expensive to heat are themselves more and more likely to suffer ill health and become a cost to the health service, whereas if they lived in a decent place of accommodation and they were well fed and well looked after, they wouldn't? Improving the environment and providing green spaces and better air quality improves health and also improves the life of those who are living in the area. We need to take action now. Can I give a non-budget suggestion? It is that local development plans designate all land in a council area, including areas of tree planting, agriculture and land to promote biodiversity - that it actually designates every inch on the map, rather than saying, 'This is for housing, this is for developing businesses', saying, 'This is here. We think you can grow trees here, we think you can have agriculture here, we think that this has to be protected', not because it's in a green wedge, not because it's an area of outstanding natural beauty or any other reasons we have, a site of special scientific interest, or any of the other reasons we have, but because we think this is important for the environment, without having to go through any stages of designating anything else. Successful areas, including the UK, have high-quality universities, a steady supply of new graduates, a critical mass of technology companies and research and development taking place, with large numbers of start-up companies. Can the Welsh Government's economic policy target things like life sciences, ICT and financial services? As I regularly say, we need more Admiral insurance and fewer LGs. As I've said previously, and as Plaid Cymru - in fact, yourself, acting Presiding Officer - raised yesterday, too many Welsh graduates do not stay in Wales due to a lack of opportunity, not a lack of will to stay in Wales, but a lack of opportunities to find employment here. Creating a highly educated workforce is the best economic driver we have. Things that can be done include: use universities as drivers of growth; development of science parks; universities' schools of entrepreneurship open to everyone; build a food processing industry as Arla have achieved in Denmark; get the added value from food processing, not just the value of the agricultural products; understand the importance of services provided by local government. Local government services are important to people, from parks to social services to road maintenance to education. These services are essential to the well-being of local people. There are areas that we can cut back on, and I would say that we need to look at some of the money we spend on economic development that achieves neither of those words.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr, Lywydd dros dro. Mae'r blaenoriaethau ym mhob cyllideb yr un fath: gwella iechyd, cefnogi llywodraeth leol, gwella'r amgylchedd a lleihau allyriadau carbon, gwella cyrhaeddiad addysgol, gwella'r economi, gwella ansawdd bywyd pobl yng Nghymru a lleihau neu'n well, rhoi diwedd ar dlodi. Wel, mae gennym yr holl ddadleuon hyn ac mae gan bob un ohonom ffyrdd gwahanol o'u cyflawni. Ym maes iechyd, rwy'n galw am flaenoriaethu gwella iechyd a gofal sylfaenol. Gofal sylfaenol yw'r pwynt cyswllt ar gyfer pob llwybr i'r gwasanaeth iechyd ar wahân i'r adran ddamweiniau ac achosion brys, a byddai sector gofal sylfaenol sydd ag adnoddau gwell a mwy o gyllid yn lleihau'r angen am ofal ysbyty. Fel y gwelsom, flwyddyn ar ôl blwyddyn, pan fo'r byrddau iechyd yn cael yr arian, mae gofal sylfaenol a phractisau meddygon teulu yn cael cyfran lai a llai o'r gacen. Gwyddom fod y canlynol yn gwella iechyd: golchi dwylo'n aml, a gwelsom yn ystod COVID fod hyn wedi arwain at leihad enfawr mewn problemau gastrig; cysgu am saith i naw awr bob nos; ystum corff da; bwyta deiet iach a chytbwys; yfed digon o hylifau; bod yn fwy heini; lleihau lefelau straen; a lleihau llygredd. Mae effeithiau gordewdra ar iechyd, sef y broblem fwyaf a wynebwn ar hyn o bryd, mae'n debyg, ac un lle rydym yn troi llygad ddall pan ddylem fod yn edrych arni, yn cynnwys: pwysedd gwaed uchel, braster ychwanegol yn y corff sydd angen ocsigen a maetholion er mwyn byw; diabetes - mae gordewdra yn un o brif achosion diabetes math 2, sy'n gost fawr i'r gwasanaeth iechyd a gallem fod yn gwneud rhywbeth i geisio lleihau'r gwariant hwnnw, ac nid yw'n ymwneud â pheidio â thrin pobl â diabetes math 2, mae'n ymwneud â cheisio sicrhau bod llai o bobl yn datblygu diabetes math 2; clefyd y galon - mae caledu'r rhydwelïau 10 gwaith yn fwy tebygol o ddigwydd mewn pobl sy'n ordew, ac er ein bod wedi gweld gostyngiad parhaus mewn ysmygu, yn anffodus, mae gordewdra'n mynd i'r cyfeiriad arall. Gordewdra yw'r ail achos mwyaf o ganser erbyn hyn, a byddwn yn tybio, pan gawn y rhestr nesaf o brif achosion canser, mai dyna fydd Rhif 1. Credaf fod yn rhaid inni drin gordewdra fel y peth pwysicaf sy'n ein hwynebu. Mae angen i Lywodraeth Cymru hyrwyddo ffordd iach o fyw a thrwy hynny leihau nifer y bobl sydd â chyflyrau iechyd. A yw'n syndod fod pobl sydd â deiet gwael ac sy'n byw mewn amodau oer a llaith yn fwy tebygol o fod yn sâl? Sylweddolodd Llywodraeth Attlee, o 1945 i 1951, Llywodraeth rwy'n ei chanmol yn aml, beth oedd y cysylltiad rhwng tai ac iechyd, ond yn anffodus nid oes unrhyw Lywodraeth wedyn wedi mynd ar drywydd hynny. Mae angen inni adeiladu tai cyngor o ansawdd uchel ledled Cymru i wella bywydau ac iechyd pobl. A yw'n syndod fod pobl sy'n byw mewn tai oer a llaith, sy'n ddrud iawn i'w gwresogi, yn fwyfwy tebygol o ddioddef afiechyd a fydd yn arwain at gost i'r gwasanaeth iechyd, ond pe baent yn byw mewn tai gweddus ac yn cael bwyd da a gofal da, ni fyddai hynny'n wir? Mae gwella'r amgylchedd a darparu mannau gwyrdd a gwell ansawdd aer yn gwella iechyd a hefyd yn gwella bywyd y rhai sy'n byw yn yr ardal. Mae angen inni weithredu yn awr. A gaf fi wneud awgrym nad yw'n ymwneud â'r gyllideb? A'r awgrym hwnnw yw y dylai cynlluniau datblygu lleol ddynodi'r holl dir mewn ardal cyngor, gan gynnwys ardaloedd plannu coed, amaethyddiaeth a thir i hyrwyddo bioamrywiaeth - dylai ddynodi pob modfedd ar y map mewn gwirionedd, yn hytrach na dweud, 'Mae hyn ar gyfer tai, mae hyn ar gyfer busnesau sy'n datblygu', dweud, 'Dyma'r fan hon. Credwn y gallwch dyfu coed yma, credwn y gallwch gael amaethyddiaeth yma, credwn fod yn rhaid diogelu hyn', nid oherwydd ei fod mewn lletem las, nid oherwydd ei bod yn ardal o harddwch naturiol eithriadol nac unrhyw reswm arall sydd gennym, safle o ddiddordeb gwyddonol arbennig, neu unrhyw un o'r rhesymau eraill sydd gennym, ond oherwydd ein bod yn credu bod hyn yn bwysig i'r amgylchedd, heb orfod mynd drwy unrhyw gamau ar gyfer dynodi unrhyw beth arall. Mae gan ardaloedd llwyddiannus, gan gynnwys y DU, brifysgolion o ansawdd uchel, cyflenwad cyson o raddedigion newydd, màs critigol o gwmnïau technoleg ac ymchwil a datblygu'n digwydd, gyda nifer fawr o gwmnïau newydd. A all polisi economaidd Llywodraeth Cymru dargedu pethau fel gwyddorau bywyd, TGCh a gwasanaethau ariannol? Fel y dywedaf yn rheolaidd, mae arnom angen mwy o gwmnïau fel cwmni yswiriant Admiral a llai o gwmnïau fel LG. Fel rwyf wedi'i ddweud o'r blaen, ac fel y nododd Plaid Cymru ddoe - chi eich hun a wnaeth hynny, Lywydd dros dro - mae gormod o raddedigion o Gymru nad ydynt yn aros yng Nghymru oherwydd diffyg cyfleoedd, nid diffyg ewyllys i aros yng Nghymru, ond diffyg cyfleoedd i ddod o hyd i waith yma. Creu gweithlu addysgedig iawn yw'r sbardun economaidd gorau sydd gennym. Mae'r pethau y gellir eu gwneud yn cynnwys: defnyddio prifysgolion fel sbardunau twf; datblygu parciau gwyddoniaeth; ysgolion entrepreneuriaeth prifysgolion sy'n agored i bawb; adeiladu diwydiant prosesu bwyd fel y mae Arla wedi'i wneud yn Denmarc; sicrhau'r gwerth ychwanegol o brosesu bwyd, nid gwerth y cynhyrchion amaethyddol yn unig; deall pwysigrwydd gwasanaethau a ddarperir gan lywodraeth leol. Mae gwasanaethau llywodraeth leol yn bwysig i bobl, o barciau i wasanaethau cymdeithasol i gynnal a chadw ffyrdd i addysg. Mae'r gwasanaethau hyn yn hanfodol i lesiant pobl leol. Ceir meysydd y gallwn dorri'n ôl arnynt, a byddwn yn dweud bod angen inni edrych ar rywfaint o'r arian a wariwn ar ddatblygiad economaidd nad yw'n cyflawni unrhyw un o'r pethau hynny.