English: Thank you very much to Huw Irranca-Davies. Can I just say, throughout this pandemic, whichever portfolio you find yourself in, there are no easy decisions to be made? Each decision that comes in front of myself, or any other colleagues, often is far from the optimum situation that we would want to find ourselves in. And it's really very, very challenging, as it is very, very challenging to be out there in our schools and colleges at the moment. I don't think we should under-estimate how difficult and challenging it is. I simply cannot predict how the months ahead may go, but if the disruption that we have seen to date is replicated, then, clearly, it is simply not fair. Your question about how we can help students catch up. You will have seen in the advice to me from Qualifications Wales that it is not the job nor is it possible for a qualifications system to address the fundamental issue that we have here, which is this massive disruption to our education. The qualifications system can't in itself, on its own, make up for those lost lessons. What the qualifications system has to do is reflect the circumstances in which education is being delivered at the moment. And we have other policy initiatives that are designed to address the concerns that you have raised. It is nigh on impossible for the qualifications system to do that, but we need to make it as fair as we possibly can in the circumstances, and I believe that is what we have done today. It is a 'yes' to your flexibility question around timing. This is about empowering our headteachers, our senior management teams, and our classroom teachers to undertake assessments at a time that is best for them and best for their cohort. And with regards to discussions within the rest of the United Kingdom, well, we're the last part of the United Kingdom to make a decision on 2021. We've been criticised for that, but it has allowed us to really reflect on what has happened and on the advice of the independent review. I don't criticise education Ministers in other parts of the United Kingdom for taking different approaches; we're all struggling with the same wicked problems, and, as I said, there are no easy answers. They have taken their paths, I have taken the decision that I feel is in the best interests of our own education system. But we keep talking to one another as to how we can learn lessons from one another, and how we can implement the best policy ideas, if they are in the interests of our own children. And we do that both within the United Kingdom and part of our membership of the Atlantic Rim Collaboratory, where we're looking internationally at experiences in other parts of the world, to see what lessons we can learn from them, not just around examinations, but how we run an education system in the middle of a global pandemic.
Welsh: Diolch yn fawr iawn i Huw Irranca-Davies. A gaf i ddweud, drwy gydol y pandemig hwn, pa bortffolio bynnag y cewch chi eich hunan ynddo, nid oes unrhyw benderfyniadau yn hawdd eu gwneud? Mae pob penderfyniad sy'n dod ger fy mron i, neu gerbron unrhyw gyd-Aelodau eraill, ymhell o fod y sefyllfa orau y byddem ni'n dymuno bod ynddi. Ac mae hyn yn heriol iawn, iawn, gan ei bod yn heriol iawn i fod allan yno yn ein hysgolion a'n colegau ni ar hyn o bryd. Nid wyf i'n credu y dylem fod dan unrhyw gamargraff pa mor anodd a heriol yw hyn. Ni allaf i ragweld yr hyn a all ddigwydd yn y misoedd o'n blaenau ni, ond os gwelwn ni'r tarfu a welsom hyd yn hyn yn cael ei ailadrodd, yna, yn amlwg, nid yw'n deg o gwbl. Eich cwestiwn chi o ran sut y gallwn helpu myfyrwyr i ddal i fyny. Rydych chi wedi gweld yn y cyngor gan Cymwysterau Cymru, sy'n mynegi nad swyddogaeth system gymwysterau, ac nad yw'n bosibl chwaith i system gymwysterau, fynd i'r afael â'r mater sylfaenol sydd gennym dan sylw yma, sef y tarfu enbyd ar ein haddysg. Ni all y system gymwysterau ynddi hi ei hun, ar ei phen ei hun, lenwi bwlch y gwersi hynny a gollwyd. Yr hyn y mae'n rhaid i'r system gymwysterau ei wneud yw adlewyrchu amgylchiadau'r addysg a roddir ar hyn o bryd. Ac mae gennym ni fentrau polisi eraill a gynlluniwyd i fynd i'r afael â'r pryderon a godwyd gennych chi. Mae bron yn amhosibl i'r system gymwysterau wneud hynny, ond mae angen inni ei wneud mor deg ag y gallwn ni o dan yr amgylchiadau, ac rwyf i o'r farn mai dyna a wnaethom ni heddiw. Bydd, fe fydd yna hyblygrwydd ynghylch amseru yw'r ateb i'ch cwestiwn chi. Mae hyn yn ymwneud â grymuso ein penaethiaid ni, ein huwch dimau rheoli ni, a'n hathrawon dosbarth ni i gynnal asesiadau ar yr amserau mwyaf cyfleus iddyn nhw a'u carfan nhw. Ac o ran y trafodaethau yng ngweddill y Deyrnas Unedig, wel, ni yw'r rhan olaf o'r Deyrnas Unedig i wneud penderfyniad ynglŷn â 2021. Rydym wedi cael ein barnu oherwydd hynny, ond mae hyn wedi ein galluogi ni i roi ystyriaeth wirioneddol i'r hyn sydd wedi digwydd ac i gyngor yr adolygiad annibynnol. Nid wyf yn feirniadol o'r Gweinidogion Addysg mewn rhannau eraill o'r Deyrnas Unedig am ddewis dulliau amrywiol; rydym ni i gyd yn ymlafnio gyda'r un problemau dybryd, ac, fel y dywedais, nid oes atebion hawdd. Maen nhw wedi cymryd eu llwybrau eu hunain, ac rwyf innau wedi gwneud y penderfyniad yn y ffordd yr wyf i'n teimlo sydd er lles gorau ein system addysg ni ein hunain. Ond rydym yn dal i siarad â'n gilydd am sut y gallwn ddysgu gwersi oddi wrth ein gilydd, a sut y gallwn ni weithredu'r syniadau gorau o ran polisi, os ydyn nhw er budd ein plant ni ein hunain. Ac rydym ni'n gwneud hynny o fewn y Deyrnas Unedig ac yn rhan o'n haelodaeth ni o'r Atlantic Rim Collaboratory, lle rydym ni'n edrych o safbwynt rhyngwladol ar brofiadau mewn rhannau eraill o'r byd, i weld pa wersi y gallwn ni eu dysgu, nid yn unig o ran arholiadau, ond o ran sut yr ydym ni am redeg system addysg yng nghanol pandemig byd-eang.