techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: When an asset is refurbished or no longer required it can be dismantled and its components, bricks, blocks, concrete can be seen as raw materials for reclamation and reuse or recycled, with zero landfill.
Welsh: Pan fydd ased yn cael ei adnewyddu neu pan nad oes angen ased mwyach, gall gael ei ddatgysylltu a gall ei gydrannau, briciau, blociau, concrit, gael eu hystyried fel deunyddiau crai i'w hailddefnyddio neu eu hailgylchu, heb anfon unrhyw beth i safle tirlenwi.
English: Development proposals should incorporate design features and materials which enable flexibility and adaptability throughout the design life of a building and which enable re-use upon deconstruction.
Welsh: Dylai cynigion datblygu gynnwys nodweddion dylunio a deunyddiau sy'n galluogi hyblygrwydd a'r gallu i addasu gydol oes cynllun adeilad ac sy'n galluogi ailddefnyddio wrth ddymchwel.
English: Design in Locally Sourced, Alternative or Recycled Materials
Welsh: Dylunio gyda Deunyddiau Lleol, Amgen neu wedi'u Hailgylchu
English: The reuse and recycling of material available locally should be encouraged in line with the proximity principle.
Welsh: Dylid annog ailddefnyddio ac ailgylchu deunydd sydd ar gael yn lleol yn unol â'r egwyddor agosatrwydd.
English: Where appropriate, development plans should encourage the reuse and recycling of secondary aggregates, construction, demolition and excavation waste, incinerator bottom ash and other appropriate recycled materials.
Welsh: Lle bo hynny'n briodol, dylai cynlluniau datblygu annog ailddefnyddio ac ailgylchu agregau eilaidd, gwastraff adeiladu, dymchwel a chloddio, lludw llosgyddion a deunyddiau eildro priodol eraill.
English: The use of these materials could contribute further to the overall supply of aggregates.
Welsh: Gallai'r defnydd o'r deunyddiau hyn gyfrannu ymhellach at gyflenwad cyffredinol agregau.
English: Road planings and construction and demolition waste are a significant potential source of alternative aggregate material and much of this is already re-used as part of on-site treatment and redevelopment proposals
Welsh: Mae wynebau ffordd a gwastraff adeiladu a dymchwel yn ffynhonnell sylweddol o agregau amgen, ac mae llawer o'r rhain yn cael eu hailddefnyddio eisoes fel rhan o waith trin ar y safle a chynigion ailddatblygu
English: Research has identified key factors that tend to constrain re-use, including insufficient recycling facilities
Welsh: Mae ymchwil wedi nodi ffactorau allweddol sy'n tueddu i gyfyngu ar ailddefnyddio, gan gynnwys cyfleusterau ailgylchu annigonol
English: This may include encouraging the practice of on-site recycling on minerals sites, taking proper account of all likely costs and benefits, support for 'urban quarries' and the recycling of construction and demolition waste in conjunction with other suitable uses, such as within builder's merchant yards.
Welsh: Gallent gynnwys annog yr arfer o ailgylchu ar safleoedd mwynau, gan ystyried yr holl gostau a'r manteision tebygol, cefnogi 'chwareli trefol' ac annog ailgylchu gwastraff adeiladu a dymchwel ar y cyd â defnyddiau addas eraill, megis o fewn iardiau deunyddiau adeiladu.
English: A Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) is a plan to help clients, developers and contractors in the construction and demolition sector think before the start of a project about the waste that will be produced, how to reduce the waste and plan to sustainably manage waste that does arise.
Welsh: Cynllun yw Cynllun Rheoli Gwastraff Safle SWMP) i helpu cleientiaid, datblygwyr a chontractwyr yn y sector adeiladu a dymchwel i feddwl cyn dechrau prosiect am y gwastraff a gynhyrchir, sut i leihau'r gwastraff a chyllunio i reoli'n gynaliadwy y gwastraff a gynhyrchir.
English: minimising adverse environmental impacts and avoiding risks to human health;
Welsh: lleihau i'r eithaf unrhyw effeithiau amgylcheddol andwyol ac osgoi risgiau i iechyd pobl;
English: protecting areas of designated landscape and nature conservation from inappropriate development;
Welsh: diogelu ardaloedd a ddynodwyd ar sail tirwedd a chadwraeth natur rhag datblygu amhriodol;
English: protecting the amenity of residents, of other land uses and users affected by existing or proposed waste management facilities.
Welsh: diogelu amwynder preswylwyr, defnyddwyr tir eraill a dulliau eraill o ddefnyddio tir rhag effaith cyfleusterau rheoli gwastraff, presennol neu arfaethedig.
English: Sufficient information should accompany development proposals in order for planning authorities to be satisfied that proposals are capable of effective regulation.
Welsh: Dylai sicrhau bod digon o wybodaeth yn dod gyda'r cynigion datblygu i fodloni awdurdodau cynllunio bod modd eu rheoleiddio'n effeithiol.
English: NRW should assist the planning authority in establishing this position through the provision of appropriate advice.
Welsh: Dylai CNC helpu'r awdurdod cynllunio i sefydlu'r safbwynt hwn trwy roi cyngor priodol.
English: The parallel tracking of planning and environmental permitting applications should be the preferred approach, particularly where proposals are complex, so as to assist in mitigating delays, refusal of applications or conditions which may duplicate the permit/licence.
Welsh: Dylid olrhain ceisiadau am ganiatâd cynllunio ac amgylcheddol ar y cyd os medrir, yn enwedig os ydy'r cynigion yn rhai cymhleth, hynny er mwyn osgoi oedi ac i osgoi cyflwyno ceisiadau sy'n cael eu gwrthod neu amodau a allai ddyblygu'r drwydded.
English: Planning authorities should, plan preparation and as a consultee on in principle, be supportive of facilities certain planning applications.
Welsh: Mewn egwyddor, dylai awdurdodau cynllunio fod yn gefnogol o gyfleusterau sy'n cyd-fynd â dyheadau'r dogfennau hyn, gan adlewyrchu blaenoriaethau'r hierarchaeth gwastraff
English: This role which fit with the aspirations of these is important in assisting planning documents and in doing so reflect the authorities in evaluating complex waste priority order of the waste hierarchy information and making technical (see Figure 10) as far as possible.judgments, where necessary.
Welsh: Tuag at Ddyfodol Diwastraff - Cymru'n Un - Cymru Un Blaned, Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru 2010
English: Towards Zero Waste - One Wales:
Welsh: Asesiadau a Monitro Gwastraff
English: NRW will contribute to the development and implementation of waste monitoring through the provision of data and expertise.
Welsh: Bydd CNC yn cyfrannu at ddatblygu a gweithredu'r trefniadau monitro trwy ddarparu data ac arbenigedd.
English: However, to support the waste hierarchy it will be important that planning authorities at the very least monitor progress towards the provision of an integrated and adequate network of waste disposal installations and of installations for the recovery of mixed municipal waste and similar wastes from commercial and industrial sectors as well as private households
Welsh: Ond, er mwyn cefnogi'r hierarchaeth wastraff, bydd hi'n bwysig i awdurdodau cynllunio fonitro cynnydd tuag at ddarparu rhwydwaith integredig a digonol o osodiadau gwaredu gwastraff a gosodiadau ar gyfer adfer gwastraff trefol cymysg a gwastraff tebyg o sectorau masnachol a diwydiannol, ynghyd ag aelwydydd preifat
English: For this reason, regional monitoring arrangements are in place to ensure an up to date position is available to inform decision making.
Welsh: Oherwydd hyn, mae trefniadau monitro rhanbarthol ar waith i sicrhau bod y sefyllfa ddiweddaraf ar gael i lywio penderfyniadau.
English: Further detail can be found in Technical Advice Note 21:
Welsh: Mae mwy o fanylion yn Nodyn Cyngor Technegol 21:
English: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives, Article 16 (1)
Welsh: Cyfarwyddeb 2008/98/EC Senedd Ewrop a'r Cyngor dyddiedig 19 Tachwedd 2008 ar wastraff gan ddirymu rhai Cyfarwyddebau, Erthygl 16 (1)
English: Provision of Wide-ranging and
Welsh: Darparu Seilwaith Gwastraff Eang ac Amrywiol
English: The extent to which a proposal demonstrates a contribution to the waste management objectives, policy, targets and assessments contained in national waste policy will be a material planning consideration.
Welsh: Bydd i ba raddau mae cynnig yn dangos cyfraniad at yr amcanion, polisi, targedau ac asesiadau yn y polisi gwastraff cenedlaethol yn ystyriaeth gynllunio berthnasol.
English: The network should include all necessary supporting facilities such as waste transfer stations and processing facilities.
Welsh: Dylai'r rhwydwaith gynnwys yr holl gyfleusterau ategol sydd eu hangen, megis gorsafoedd trosglwyddo gwastraff a chyfleusterau prosesu.
English: Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives.
Welsh: Cyfarwyddeb 2008/98/EC Senedd Ewrop a'r Cyngor, dyddiedig 19 Tachwedd 2008 ar wastraff gan ddirymu rhai Cyfarwyddebau.
English: Wastes covered by Article 16 are mixed municipal wastes and include those mixed wastes collected by third parties from commercial and industrial sectors as well as private households
Welsh: Mae Erthygl 16 yn ymwneud â gwastraff trefol cymysg ac yn cynnwys y gwastraff cymysg hwnnw a gesglir gan drydydd patïon oddi wrth y sectorau masnachol a diwydiannol yn ogystal ag aelwydydd preifat. www.europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/ waste_management/ev0010_en.htm
English: Collaboration and joint working may be necessary to respond strategically to the requirement identified as part of waste monitoring.
Welsh: Efallai y bydd angen cydweithredu a chydweithio i ymateb yn strategol i ofyniad a nodwyd fel rhan o waith monitro gwastraff.
English: Individual authorities should not, however, exclude provision for waste or other potentially polluting projects or prohibit all applications to set them up.
Welsh: Fodd bynnag, ni ddylent allgáu darpariaeth ar gyfer gwastraff neu brosiectau eraill a allai arwain at lygredd, na gwahardd pob cais i'w sefydlu.
English: They should make realistic provision for certain types of industry or facility that may be detrimental to amenity or conservation interests, or a potential source of pollution.
Welsh: Dylent wneud darpariaeth ymarferol ar gyfer mathau penodol o ddiwydiant neu gyfleuster a all fod yn niweidiol i amwynder neu fuddiannau cadwraeth, neu ffynhonnell bosibl o lygredd.
English: Effective engagement with the waste management industry and local authority waste managers and corsortia will be a necessary component of waste planning.
Welsh: Fel rhan annatod o gynllunio gwastraff, rhaid wrth siarad effeithiol â'r diwydiant rheoli gwastraff a rheolwyr a chonsortia gwastraff awdurdodau lleol.
English: Making it Easier to Reuse and Recycle Materials
Welsh: Ei gwneud hi'n Haws i Ailddefnyddio ac Ailgylchu Deunyddiau
English: Facilities will need to support high efficiency and high quality reuse and recycling, for example collection hubs will be necessary to support the returning of materials to the point of manufacture.
Welsh: Bydd angen i gyfleusterau gefnogi effeithlonrwydd uchel ac ailddefnyddio ac ailgylchu o safon uchel, er enghraifft, bydd hybiau casglu yn angenrheidiol i gefnogi dychwelyd deunyddiau i'r pwynt gweithgynhyrchu.
English: The waste management industry will need to position itself to optimally manage material flows and on-going collaboration between it, planning authorities and other relevant stakeholders will be necessary.
Welsh: Bydd gofyn i'r diwydiant rheoli gwastraff sicrhau ei fod yn y lle gorau i reoli llifoedd deunydd yn effeithiol a bydd yn rhaid wrth gydweithio rhyngddo a'r awdurdodau cynllunio a rhanddeiliaid perthnasol eraill.
English: Every planning authority should, either independently or with its neighbours, make provision for storage and processing of inert materials arising from construction, demolition and maintenance operations by the identification of preferred locations for recycling facilities in development plans.
Welsh: Dylai pob awdurdod cynllunio, naill ai'n annibynnol neu ar y cyd â'i gymdogion, wneud darpariaeth ar gyfer storio a phrosesu deunyddiau anadweithiol sy'n deillio o waith adeiladu, dymchwel a chynnal a chadw trwy nodi mewn cynlluniau datblygu y lleoliadau a ffefrir ar gyfer cyfleusterau ailgylchu.
English: On the rare occasion, where suitable sites cannot be identified in development plans, then clear criteria should be set out to assess planning applications for recycling sites.
Welsh: Ar yr adegau prin hynny pan na ellir nodi safleoedd addas mewn cynlluniau datblygu, dylid cynnwys meini prawf clir ar gyfer asesu ceisiadau cynllunio am safleoedd ailgylchu.
English: Minerals are the principal constituents of most construction products, many pharmaceutical, chemical, agricultural, automotive, metallurgical, electronics, aerospace, plastics ceramic and paper products.
Welsh: Mwynau yw prif gyfansoddion y rhan fwyaf o ddeunyddiau adeiladu, a llawer o gynhyrchion fferyllol, cemegol, amaethyddol, cerbydau modur, metelegol, electroneg, awyrofod, plastigau, ceramig a phapur.
English: Construction related minerals and mineral products are particularly important in Wales and are essential for housing and infrastructure, such as schools, roads, railways, airports and flood defences and a steady and adequate supply of materials is necessary.
Welsh: Mae mwynau sy'n gysylltiedig â'r diwydiant adeiladu a chynhyrchion mwynau yn hynod bwysig yng Nghymru, ac yn hollbwysig ar gyfer tai a seilwaith, megis ysgolion, ffyrdd, rheilffyrdd, meysydd awyr ac amddiffynfeydd rhag llifogydd, ac mae cyflenwad cyson a digonol o ddeunyddiau yn angenrheidiol.
English: The key principles are to:
Welsh: Dyma'r egwyddorion allweddol:
English: provide positively for the safeguarding and working of mineral resources to meet society's needs now and in the future, encouraging the efficient and appropriate use of high quality materials;
Welsh: darparu'n gadarnhaol ar gyfer diogelwch a gwaith adnoddau mwynau i ddiwallu anghenion cymdeithas heddiw ac yfory, gan annog defnydd effeithlon a phriodol o ddeunyddiau o safon uchel;
English: protect environmental and cultural characteristic of places, including those highly cherished for their intrinsic qualities, such as wildlife, landscapes, ancient woodlands and historic features, and to protect human health and safety and general well-being;
Welsh: gwarchod nodweddion amgylcheddol a diwylliannol lleoedd, gan gynnwys y rhai â phriodoleddau cynhenid megis bywyd gwyllt, tirweddau, coetiroedd hynafol a nodweddion hanesyddol, ac amddiffyn iechyd a diogelwch a llesiant cyffredinol pobl;
English: reduce the impact of mineral extraction and related operations during the period of working by ensuring that impacts on relevant environmental qualities caused by mineral extraction and transportation, for example air quality and soundscape, are within acceptable limits;
Welsh: lleihau effaith cloddio am fwynau a gweithrediadau cysylltiedig yn ystod y cyfnod gweithio trwy sicrhau bod unrhyw effaith ar nodweddion amgylcheddol perthnasol a achosir gan gloddio am fwynau a chludo mwynau, er enghraifft, ansawdd aer a seinwedd, o fewn y terfynau derbyniol;
English: achieving, without compromise, a high standard of restoration and aftercare so as to avoid dereliction and to bring discernible benefits to communities, heritage and/or wildlife, including beneficial after uses or opportunities for enhancement of biodiversity and the historic environment.
Welsh: adfer y tir i safon uchel fel nad yw'n dirywio i gyflwr diffaith a dod â manteision gwirioneddol i gymunedau a/neu fywyd gwyllt, gan gynnwys ôl-ddefnyddiau buddiol neu gyfleoedd i wella bioamrywiaeth a'r amgylchedd hanesyddol.
English: For example, where a proposal for mineral extraction would cause demonstrable harm to the environment, including designated sites, or amenity, which cannot be overcome by planning conditions or agreements, planning permission should not be granted.
Welsh: Er enghraifft, lle byddai cynnig i echdynnu mwynau'n achosi difrod amlwg i'r amgylchedd, gan gynnwys safleoedd dynodedig, na ellir eu hosgoi trwy amodau cynllunio neu gytundebau, ni ddylid rhoi caniatâd cynllunio.
English: Mineral working is different from other forms of development in that:
Welsh: Mae gwaith mwynau yn wahanol i fathau eraill o ddatblygiad am y rhesymau a ganlyn:
English: Section 336, Town and Country Planning Act 1990
Welsh: Adran 336, Deddf Cynllunio Gwlad a Thref 1990
English: extraction can only take place where the mineral is found to occur;
Welsh: mae'n rhaid darganfod bod mwynau'n bodoli ar safle cyn y caniateir cloddio amdanynt;
English: it is transitional and cannot be regarded as a permanent land use even though operations may occur over a long period of time;
Welsh: defnydd tir dros dro yw cloddio am fwynau, ac ni ellir meddwl amdano fel defnydd parhaol o dir, er y gallai'r gwaith fynd yn ei flaen am amser hir;
English: when operations cease land needs to be reclaimed to a high standard and to a beneficial and sustainable after-use so as to avoid dereliction and to bring discernible benefits to communities and/or wildlife.
Welsh: phan fo'r gwaith yn dod i ben, mae'n rhaid adfer y tir i safon uchel at ddefnydd buddiol a chynaliadwy er mwyn osgoi sefyllfa lle bydd tir mewn cyflwr diffaith, a dod â manteision gwirioneddol i gymunedau a/neu fywyd gwyllt.
English: Efficient Use of Minerals
Welsh: Defnyddio Mwynau'n Effeithlon
English: If this is the case, it is essential that the mineral is not exploited for a lower grade purpose than that originally intended.
Welsh: Mewn achosion o'r fath, mae'n hanfodol nad yw'r mwynau'n cael eu defnyddio at ddiben ar radd is na'r hyn a fwriadwyd yn wreiddiol.
English: Where it is an exception to normal policy to allow mineral extraction at a particular location in order to fulfil a specific need, appropriate conditions and/ or time limits should be considered carefully to ensure that the mineral extraction for the intended end-use is adequately controlled.
Welsh: Pan ganiateir cloddio am fwynau fel eithriad i bolisi arferol mewn man penodol er mwyn diwallu angen penodol, dylid rhoi ystyriaeth ofalus i amodau priodol a/ neu gyfyngiadau amser er mwyn sicrhau bod gwaith cloddio mwynau at y diben a fwriadwyd yn cael ei reoli'n ddigonol.
English: Such controls would be particularly appropriate in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Special Protection Areas, Special Areas of Conservation and Ramsar Sites, but may be applicable elsewhere, for example World Heritage Sites or registered historic landscapes or non-statutory nature conservation designations.
Welsh: Byddai dulliau rheoli o'r fath yn arbennig o briodol mewn Parciau Cenedlaethol, Ardaloedd o Harddwch Naturiol Eithriadol, Ardaloedd Gwarchodaeth Arbennig, Ardaloedd Cadwraeth Arbennig a Safleoedd Ramsar, ond gallent fod yn briodol mewn mannau eraill hefyd, er enghraifft, Safleoedd Treftadaeth y Byd neu dirweddau hanesyddol cofrestredig neu ddynodiadau cadwraeth natur anstatudol.
English: The method of extraction and processing to prevent waste production should be taken into account in determining planning proposals.
Welsh: Wrth benderfynu ar gynigion cynllunio, dylid ystyried y dull o gloddio a phrosesu er mwyn lleihau'r gwastraff a gynhyrchir.
English: Safeguarding Mineral Resources and Infrastructure
Welsh: Diogelu Adnoddau Mwynau a Seilwaith
English: Planning authorities should consider the long term and the need for preventative action to avoid the creation of problems in the future.
Welsh: Dylai awdurdodau cynllunio ystyried yr hirdymora'r angen i gymryd camau ataliol i osgoi creu problemau yn y dyfodol.
English: Safeguarding does not indicate an acceptance of mineral working, but that the location and quality of the mineral is known and that the environmental constraints associated with extraction, including the potential for extraction of mineral resources prior to undertaking other forms of development, have been considered.
Welsh: Nid yw diogelu yn golygu bod gwaith mwynau'n cael ei dderbyn; yn hytrach, mae'n golygu bod lleoliad ac ansawdd y mwynau'n hysbys a bod y cyfyngiadau amgylcheddol sy'n gysylltiedig â'r cloddio, gan gynnwys y potensial i gloddio am fwynau cyn ymgymryd â mathau eraill o ddatblygiad, wedi'u hystyried.
English: Letter to 'Chief Planning Officers',14/11/12:
Welsh: Llythyr at Brif Swyddogion Cynllunio,14/11/12:
English: Publication of Aggregates Safeguarding Maps
Welsh: Cyhoeddi Mapiau Diogelu Agregau
English: Development plans should promote the integration and co-ordination of transport and land use planning for minerals production, including the preference for non-road transport and provision of adequate storage and processing facilities for minerals at wharves and railheads.
Welsh: Dylai cynlluniau datblygu hybu'r gwaith o integreiddio a chydgysylltu'r broses cynllunio trafnidiaeth a defnydd tir, a dylai'r gwaith hwnnw gynnwys darparu cyfleusterau storio digonol ar gyfer mwynau mewn porthladdoedd a therfynfeydd rheilffordd.
English: Each mineral planning authority should ensure that it makes an appropriate contribution to meeting local, regional and UK needs for primary minerals which reflects the nature and extent of resources in the area and their best and most appropriate use, subject to relevant environmental and other planning considerations.
Welsh: Dylai pob awdurdod cynllunio mwynau sicrhau ei fod yn gwneud cyfraniad priodol at ddiwallu anghenion lleol, rhanbarthol a chenedlaethol am fwynau cynradd sy'n adlewyrchu natur a maint adnoddau yn yr ardal a'r defnydd gorau a mwyaf priodol ohonynt, yn amodol ar ystyriaethau amgylcheddol ac ystyriaethau cynllunio eraill.
English: For aggregates this should be done under the aegis of the North and South Wales Regional Aggregates Working Parties, whose role is to provide a regional overview of supply and demand and through the framework provided by the Regional Technical Statements for Aggregates.
Welsh: O ran agregau, dylid gwneud hyn o dan ofal Gweithgorau Agregau Rhanbarthol y De a'r Gogledd sy'n gyfrifol am gynnig trosolwg rhanbarthol o'r cyflenwad a'r galw a thrwy'r fframwaith a ddarperir gan y Datganiadau Technegol Rhanbarthol ar gyfer Agregau.
English: As far as practicable, areas of future working should be identified in development plans, where this can be undertaken in a sustainable way.
Welsh: I'r graddau bo hynny'n ymarferol, dylid nodi'r ardaloedd y gellir eu gweithio yn y dyfodol mewn cynlluniau datblygu, os oes modd gwneud hynny mewn ffordd gynaliadwy.
English: There will be locally realised benefits from minerals development, such as employment in rural areas, which will also need to be balanced against the other key principles outlined in paragraph 5.14.2.
Welsh: Bydd datblygu mwynau'n cynnig buddiannau i'r ardal, megis swyddi mewn ardaloedd gwledig, ond bydd yn rhaid eu cydbwyso â'r egwyddorion allweddol a ddisgrifir ym mharagraff 5.14.2.
English: However, these sources must not be relied upon to justify failing to adequately assess the potential supply of land-based resources and to safeguard potential primary land-won mineral resources for future generations.
Welsh: Fodd bynnag, ni ddylid dibynnu ar y ffynonellau hyn i gyfiawnhau methu ag asesu'r cyflenwad posibl o adnoddau ar y tir ac i warchod adnoddau mwynau cychwynnol posibl o'r tir ar gyfer cenedlaethau'r dyfodol.
English: Assessing Supply and Demand
Welsh: Asesu'r Cyflenwad a Galw
English: Such a strategy should outline the expectation of the planning authority with regard to the manner in which the existing mineral sites are operating both now and in the future.
Welsh: Dylai strategaeth o'r fath amlinellu disgwyliadau'r awdurdod cynllunio o ran sut mae'r safleoedd mwynau presennol yn gweithredu nawr ac yn y dyfodol.
English: It is essential to have a comprehensive and up-to-date set of information to facilitate future sustainable planning for mineral extraction.
Welsh: Mae'n hanfodol bod ganddynt gronfa gynhwysfawr a chyfoes o wybodaeth er mwyn hwyluso'r gwaith o gynllunio'n gynaliadwy ar gyfer cloddio am fwynau yn y dyfodol.