techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: Analysis by the Office for Budget
Welsh: Mae dadansoddiad gan y Swyddfa
English: Responsibility (OBR), the Bank of England, and others has indicated that the UK economy is now probably at least two per cent smaller than was expected prior to the referendum result.
Welsh: Cyfrifoldeb Cyllidebol (OBR), Banc Lloegr, ac eraill, wedi nodi bod economi'r DU bellach o leiaf dau y cant yn llai, yn ôl pob tebyg, nag y disgwylid cyn canlyniad y refferendwm.
English: The bulk of this shortfall is accounted for by weak levels of business investment, which has barely grown in the UK since the referendum, in contrast to the position across the EU and other comparator countries.
Welsh: Mae'r rhan fwyaf o'r diffyg hwn i'w phriodoli i lefelau gwan o fuddsoddiad mewn busnes. Prin fu'r twf yn y maes hwn yn y DU ers y refferendwm, o'i gymharu â'r sefyllfa ledled yr UE a gwledydd cymharol eraill.
English: Both the Bank of England and the National
Welsh: Mae Banc Lloegr a'r Sefydliad
English: Institute of Economic and Social
Welsh: Cenedlaethol ar gyfer Ymchwil
English: Research (NIESR) estimate that Brexit-related uncertainty has been associated with a reduction in business investment, with the level in 2019 being around 15 per cent lower than it would otherwise have been.
Welsh: Economaidd a Chymdeithasol (NIESR) yn amcangyfrif bod ansicrwydd ynghylch Brexit wedi bod yn gysylltiedig â gostyngiad mewn buddsoddiad mewn busnes, gyda lefel 2019 tua 15 y cant yn is nag y byddai wedi bod fel arall.
English: Weak business investment has been a key factor in the continued lacklustre performance of the UK economy in terms of the growth in productivity and real wages (the latter being driven by the former over the longer term).
Welsh: Mae buddsoddiad gwan mewn busnes wedi bod yn ffactor allweddol ym mherfformiad tila economi'r DU o safbwynt y twf mewn cynhyrchiant a chyflogau gwirioneddol (yr olaf yn cael ei yrru gan y cyntaf dros y tymor hwy).
English: In addition, since 2016, consumers have seen their spending power eroded by the effects of the depreciation of sterling on prices.
Welsh: Yn ogystal, ers 2016, mae pŵer gwario defnyddwyr wedi cael ei erydu gan effeithiau dibrisio sterling ar brisiau.
English: Analysis by the Centre for Economic Performance has shown that this has had the largest effects on people with low incomes, and hence on places with higher concentrations of such people, including Wales.
Welsh: Mae dadansoddiad gan y Ganolfan ar gyfer Perfformiad Economaidd wedi dangos mai ar bobl ag incwm isel a thrwy hynny ar leoedd â chrynodiadau uwch o bobl o'r fath, gan gynnwys Cymru, y bu'r effaith waethaf.
English: Nevertheless, consumer confidence and spending has held up relatively well in this adverse context, perhaps reflecting the scepticism of a large segment of the population about the evidence of negative economic consequences from Brexit.
Welsh: Serch hynny, mae hyder defnyddwyr a gwario wedi dal eu tir yn weddol dda yn y cyd-destun andwyol hwn, gan adlewyrchu'r amheuon ymhlith cyfran fawr o'r boblogaeth am y dystiolaeth o ganlyniadau economaidd negyddol yn sgil Brexit.
English: In round terms, the combined effects of reduced business investment and lower consumer spending power means that in 2019 each person in Wales probably had on average real income that was around £450 lower than it would otherwise have been.
Welsh: Yn gyffredinol, mae effeithiau cyfunol llai o fuddsoddiad mewn busnes a phŵer gwario is ymhlith defnyddwyr yn golygu bod gan bob person yng Nghymru incwm a oedd £450 yn is nag y byddai wedi bod fel arall.
English: Assuming that the WAB passes as scheduled and the UK leaves the EU at the end of January 2020 with the agreement in place, there should be some reduction in the uncertainty facing businesses and consumers.
Welsh: A bwrw bod Bil y Cytundeb Ymadael yn cael ei basio yn unol â'r amserlen a bod y DU yn ymadael â'r UE ar ddiwedd Ionawr 2020 gyda'r cytundeb yn ei le, dylai fod rhywfaint llai o ansicrwydd i fusnesau a defnyddwyr.
English: This may lead to some revival in business investment and help maintain consumer confidence.
Welsh: Gallai hyn arwain at rywfaint o adfywio o ran buddsoddiad mewn busnes a helpu i gynnal hyder defnyddwyr.
English: However, any such effects are likely to be very modest, and could easily be more than offset by renewed uncertainty about the future trading arrangements that would follow the end of the transition period.
Welsh: Er hynny, mae'n debygol y bydd yr effeithiau hynny'n fach iawn, ac fe allent gael eu gwrthbwyso i raddau helaeth hefyd gan ansicrwydd am y trefniadau masnachu yn y dyfodol a fyddai'n dilyn diwedd y cyfnod pontio.
English: If this happens, the previously cited reduction in business investment could continue.
Welsh: Os bydd hyn yn digwydd, gallai'r gostyngiad mewn buddsoddiad mewn busnes a grybwyllwyd gynt barhau.
English: Additional uncertainty could arise from the likelihood that not everything will be agreed by December 2020.
Welsh: Gallai ansicrwydd ychwanegol deillio o'r debygoliaeth na chytunir ar bopeth erbyn Rhagfyr 2020.
English: For instance, Michel Barnier recently stated that:
Welsh: Er enghraifft, dywedodd Michel Barnier yn ddiweddar:
English: There is a real risk that, as a result of continuing uncertainty, some businesses which have held back on major investment decisions over the last few years may reach a "tipping point" and decide that significant downscaling, or even closure, is the rational response.
Welsh: Mae risg go iawn, o ganlyniad i ansicrwydd parhaus, y gallai rhai busnesau sydd wedi dal yn ôl ar benderfyniadau buddsoddi o bwys dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd diwethaf gyrraedd "pwynt tyngedfennol" a phenderfynu mai israddio, neu hyd yn oed cau, yw'r ymateb rhesymegol.
English: The NIESR has estimated that, over the next few years, uncertainty associated with the Brexit process could result in UK national income being 2-3 per cent lower than it would otherwise have been.
Welsh: Yn ôl amcangyfrif NIESR, dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd nesaf, gallai'r ansicrwydd sy'n gysylltiedig â proses Brexit olygu y bydd incwm cenedlaethol y DU 2-3 y cant yn is nag y byddai wedi bod fel arall.
English: Should the UK fail to reach an agreement on future trading relations with the EU by December 2020 and starts to trade on WTO terms in 2021, the risk of recession in 2021 would be high.
Welsh: Os bydd y DU'n methu â gwneud cytundeb ar gysylltiadau masnachu â'r UE yn y dyfodol erbyn Rhagfyr 2020 ac yn dechrau masnachu ar delerau Sefydliad Masnach y Byd yn 2021, byddai'r risg o ddirwasgiad yn uchel.
English: In any event, the constrained levels of business investment experienced over the last few years will leave a legacy in terms of weakness in productivity growth unless or until the shortfall is made good.
Welsh: Beth bynnag, bydd y gwasgu ar lefelau buddsoddiad mewn busnes a welwyd dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd diwethaf yn gadael ei ôl o safbwynt gwendid yn nhwf cynhyrchiant nes i'r diffyg gael ei unioni.
English: The Bank of England's most recent forecasts indicate that growth over the next few years will be lower they than previously assumed even if the UK Government's apparent preference for a limited Free Trade deal is implemented as planned.
Welsh: Mae rhagolygon diweddaraf Banc Lloegr yn nodi y bydd twf dros yr ychydig flynyddoedd nesaf yn is nag y tybid yn flaenorol hyd yn oed os bydd dewis Llywodraeth y DU i bob golwg o blaid cytundeb Masnach Rydd gyfyngedig yn cael ei roi ar waith yn unol â'r bwriad.
English: The previous forecasts were based on an average of possible outcomes for post Brexit trading relationship with the EU and the Bank attributes some of the reduction in growth to the fact that effects of the proposed arrangements are worse than this average.
Welsh: Roedd y rhagolygon blaenorol yn seiliedig ar gyfartaledd o ganlyniadau posibl ar gyfer y berthynas fasnachu ar ôl Brexit â'r UE ac mae'r Banc yn priodoli rhywfaint o'r gostyngiad mewn twf i'r ffaith bod effeithiau'r trefniadau arfaethedig yn waeth na'r cyfartaledd hwn.
English: Future Trading Relations with the EU and Longer Term Prospects
Welsh: Cysylltiadau Masnachu yn y Dyfodol â'r UE a Rhagolygon Tymor Hwy
English: Despite the publication of the WAB and the existence of the Political Declaration about future trading relations between the UK and the EU, these relations remain a matter of considerable uncertainty.
Welsh: Er gwaethaf cyhoeddi Bil y Cytundeb Ymadael a bodolaeth y Datganiad Gwleidyddol ynghylch Cysylltiadau Masnachu yn y dyfodol rhwng y DU a'r UE, mae'r cysylltiadau hyn yn destun cryn ansicrwydd o hyd.
English: The Political Declaration is not binding, and the real intentions of the UK Government are unclear, and could change, as various constraints and consequences emerge during the negotiation period.
Welsh: Nid yw'r Datganiad Gwleidyddol yn rhwymol, ac mae gwir fwriadau Llywodraeth y DU yn aneglur, ac fe allent newid, wrth i wahanol gyfyngiadau a chanlyniadau ddod i'r amlwg yn ystod y cyfnod negodi.
English: Furthermore, while there is a consensus about the nature and broad scale of the longer term negative effects of different forms of trading relationship, as described above, mainstream analysis has yielded a range of numerical estimates for each option.
Welsh: Ymhellach, er bod consensws ynghylch natur a graddfa eang effeithiau negyddol tymor hwy gwahanol fathau o berthynas fasnachu, fel y disgrifir uchod, mae dadansoddiad prif ffrwd wedi arwain at ystod o amcangyfrifon rhifyddol ar gyfer pob opsiwn.
English: The nature of economic modelling and the unavoidable uncertainties make this lack of precision inevitable.
Welsh: Mae natur modelu economaidd a'r ansicrwydd anochel yn gwneud y math hwn o fanwl gywirdeb yn anochel.
English: However, this should not undermine confidence in be broad messages, which are grounded in well-established economic theory and confirmed empirically on the basis of changes in outcomes where trading relationships have changed in other cases.
Welsh: Er hynny, ni ddylai hwn danseilio hyder yn y negeseuon eang, sydd wedi'u seilio ar ddamcaniaeth economaidd sydd wedi ennill ei phlwyf a chael eu cadarnhau'n empiraidd ar sail newidiadau mewn canlyniadau lle y mae cysylltiadau masnachu wedi newid mewn achosion eraill.
English: Selected recent estimates of long run effects from the CEP and NIESR are shown in Table 1.
Welsh: Dangosir amcangyfrifon diweddar dethol o o effeithiau hirdymor oddi wrth CEP a NIESR yn Nhabl 1.
English: Estimates from analysis undertaken for the previous UK Government are also included for comparison.
Welsh: Cynhwysir amcangyfrifon o ddadansoddiad a wnaed o Lywodraeth flaenorol y DU at ddibenion cymharu.
English: The figures in the table represent annual effects in around ten years' time.
Welsh: Mae'r ffigurau yn y tabl yn cyfleu'r effeithiau blynyddol ymhen rhyw ddeng mlynedd.
English: These estimates are representative of the range of estimates made by mainstream analysts.
Welsh: Mae'r amcangyfrifon hyn yn cynrychioli'r ystod o amcangyfrifon a wnaed gan ddadansoddwyr prif ffrwd.
English: No estimate is shown for the combination of Efta/EEA membership with participation in a Custom's Union.
Welsh: Ni ddangosir unrhyw amcangyfrif ar gyfer y cyfuniad o aelodaeth Ardal Masnach Rydd Ewropeaidd a'r Ardal Economaidd Ewropeaidd (Efta / EEA).
English: In economic terms, this combination (which in the table would combine the first row with elements of the second row) would result in minimal negative economic effects when compared with remaining in the EU.
Welsh: Mewn termau economaidd, byddai'r cyfuniad hwn (a fyddai'n cyfuno'r rhes gyntaf ag elfennau'r ail res yn y tabl) yn arwain at effeithiau economaidd negyddol bach iawn o'i gymharu ag aros yn yr UE.
English: The effects shown in the table can be interpreted as the impact on the annual real incomes of UK citizens.
Welsh: Gellir dehongli'r effeithiau a ddangosir yn y tabl fel effaith incwm gwirioneddol blynyddol dinasyddion y DU.
English: Over the longer term, these effects will be felt mainly in terms of lower real wages, rather than lower employment, as wages adjust to reflect productivity that is lower than it otherwise would be.
Welsh: Dros y tymor hwy, teimlir yr effeithiau hyn yn bennaf o safbwynt cyflogau gwirioneddol llai, yn hytrach na chyflogaeth is, wrth i gyflogau addasu i adlewyrchu cynhyrchiant sy'n is nag y byddai fel arall.
English: Reduced funding for, and hence poorer, public services also seem an inevitable consequence of a weaker tax base.
Welsh: Mae cyllid llai ar gyfer gwasanaethau cyhoeddus, a thrwy hynny wasanaethau cyhoeddus tlotach, hefyd yn un o ganlyniadau anochel sylfaen drethu wannach.
English: Estimates of long run economic effects of Brexit
Welsh: Amcangyfrifon effeithiau economaidd hirdymor Brexit
English: * Centre for Economic Performance.
Welsh: * Y Ganolfan ar gyfer Perfformiad Economaidd.
English: Equivalent results also obtained by UK in a Changing Europe, using a similar modelling approach.
Welsh: Cafwyd canlyniadau cyfatebol gan UK in a Changing Europe, gan ddefnyddio dull gweithredu modelu tebyg.
English: ** Long Term Economic Analysis, published November 2018.
Welsh: ** Dadansoddiad Economaidd Tymor Hir, a gyhoeddwyd Tachwedd 2018.
English: Assumes no change in migration and "more realistic" scenario for May's deal.
Welsh: Yn rhagdybio na fydd newid o ran ymfudiad a senario mwy realistig ar gyfer cytundeb May.
English: *** National Institute for Economic and Social Research.
Welsh: *** Y Sefydliad Cenedlaethol dros Ymchwil Economaidd a Chymdeithasol.
English: Effects are lower than CEP and UK Government as wider evidence on productivity
Welsh: Mae'r effeithiau yn is na CEP a Llywodraeth y DU gan na chynhwy-sir tystiolaeth ehangach ar effeithiau cynhyrchiant.
English: The estimates in the table include some effects on productivity.
Welsh: Mae'r amcangyfrifon yn y tabl yn cynnwys rhai effeithiau ar gynhyrchiant.
English: There is good evidence that open markets, wider and deeper competition, and trade are all good for productivity (and hence real wages) over the long run.
Welsh: Mae tystiolaeth dda bod marchnadoedd agored, cystadleuaeth ehangach a dyfnach, a masnach i gyd yn dda ar gyfer cynhyrchiant (a thrwy hynny cyflogau gwirioneddol) dros y tymor hir.
English: The scale of the effects are particularly difficult to estimate with precision but should be included because analysis suggests they are large.
Welsh: Mae'n arbennig o anodd amcangyfrif graddfa'r effeithiau yn fanwl gywir ond dylid ei chynnwys am fod y dadansoddiad yn awgrymu eu bod yn fawr.
English: The estimates made by NIESR are more cautious in this respect, and may represent an underestimate.
Welsh: Mae'r amcangyfrifon a wnaed gan NIESR yn fwy gofalus ac fe allent fod yn danamcangyfrif.
English: As just noted, it is currently unclear which form of trading relationship the UK Government and EU will eventually agree.
Welsh: Fel y nodwyd gynnau, nid yw'n glir ar hyn o bryd ar ba fath o berthynas fasnachu y bydd Llywodraeth y DU a'r UE yn cytuno yn y pen draw.
English: Present indications are that the UK Government's intention is to pursue a limited free trade agreement (FTA) which would have an impact on real incomes of up to around 6% per annum in the longer run, as indicated by the column in the table.
Welsh: Yn ôl yr arwyddion cynnar, mae'n fwriad gan Lywodraeth y DU fynd ar drywydd cytundeb masnach rydd (FTA) a fyddai'n cael effaith ar incymau gwirioneddol o hyd at ryw 6% y flwyddyn yn y tymor hwy, fel y nodir gan y golofn yn y tabl.
English: In today's terms, this would be equivalent to around £1,300 per head each year in Wales.
Welsh: Mewn termau cyfoes, byddai hyn yn gyfwerth â rhyw £1,300 y pen y flwyddyn yng Nghymru.
English: With a limited FTA with the EU the UK Government would be free to pursue its own free trade deals with other countries.
Welsh: Gyda FTA cyfyngedig â'r UE byddai Llywodraeth y DU'n rhydd i fynd ar drywydd ei chytundebau masnach rydd eu hunain â gwledydd eraill.
English: Economic analysis undertaken by the previous UK Government has shown that any positive effect on incomes would be small, perhaps 0.2 per cent, and very far from compensating for the losses associated with Brexit.
Welsh: Mae dadansoddiad economaidd a wnaed gan Llywodraeth flaenorol y DU wedi dangos y byddai unrhyw effaith gadarnhaol ar incymau'n fach, efallai 0.2 y cant, ac na fyddai'n digolledu o bell ffordd am y colledion sy'n gysylltiedig â Brexit.
English: Similarly, analysis shows that the benefits of any changes to UK regulations would be very small (if they exist at all).
Welsh: Yn yr un modd, dengys y dadansoddiad y byddai manteision unrhyw newidiadau i reoliadau'r DU yn fach iawn (os ydynt yn bodoli o gwbl).
English: The future approach of the UK Government to migration will also impact on the level of national income.
Welsh: Bydd ymagwedd Llywodraeth y DU at fudo hefyd yn effeithio ar lefel incwm cenedlaethol.
English: The estimates in the table assume only limited changes to total levels of migration.
Welsh: Mae'r amcangyfrifon yn y tabl yn tybio mai newidiadau cyfyngedig yn unig a welir yng nghyfanswm lefelau mudo.
English: While more restrictive migration would reduce total national income, its effect on real income per head for existing residents would be much more modest.
Welsh: Er y byddai mudo mwy cyfyngus yn lleihau cyfanswm yr incwm cenedlaethol, byddai ei effaith ar incwm gwirioneddol y pen ar gyfer preswylwyr presennol gryn dipyn yn llai.
English: Estimates of long run economic effects of Brexit on UK tax revenues
Welsh: Amcangyfrifon o effeithiau hirdymor Brexit ar refeniw trethi'r DU
English: Purely for illustration, the Welsh "population share" of the annual tax revenue reduction estimated by the CEP to occur under a deal of the kind currently proposed would be around £2.7 billion.
Welsh: At ddibenion enghreifftiol, yng Nghymru byddai "y gyfran o'r boblogaeth" yn achos y gostyngiad refeniw trethi blynyddol a fyddai'n digwydd o dan gytundeb o'r math a gynigir yn ôl amcangyfrif CEP tua £2.7 biliwn.
English: Lower growth will result in a tax base, and tax revenues, that are smaller than they would otherwise be.
Welsh: Bydd twf is yn arwain at sylfaen drethu, a refeniw trethi, sy'n llai nag y byddent fel arall.
English: This means that either public spending has to be lower or government borrowing has to be higher.
Welsh: Mae hyn yn golygu naill ai bod rhaid i wariant cyhoeddus fod yn is neu fod rhaid i fenthyca gan y llywodraeth fod yn uwch.
English: Broad estimates of the annual shortfall in UK government revenues, expressed in todays' terms are shown in Table 2.
Welsh: Dangosir amcangyfrifon bras o'r diffyg blynyddol yn refeniw Llywodraeth y DU, wedi'u mynegi mewn termau cyfoes yn Nhabl 2.
English: These estimates are based on analysis by the organisations stated, but not necessarily expressed by them in the same terms.
Welsh: Seilir yr amcangyfrifon hyn ar ddadansoddiad gan y sefydliadau a nodwyd, ond nid ydynt o reidrwydd yn cael eu mynegi ganddynt yn yr un termau.
English: Sectoral and spatial impacts
Welsh: Effeithiau sectorol a gofodol Mae'r dadansoddiad uchod wedi'i wneud ar lefel y DU.
English: The effects in Wales are expected to be broadly similar in both nature and scale.
Welsh: Disgwylir i'r effeithiau yng Nghymru fod yn eithaf tebyg o ran eu natur a'u graddfa.
English: The economy in Wales is deeply embedded within the wider UK economy, with important linkages arising from
Welsh: Mae'r economi yng Nghymru wedi ymwreiddio'n ddwfn o fewn economi ehangach y DU, gyda chysylltiadau pwysig yn deillio o
English: For the first three of the factors that follow, the existence of a legal and regulatory context that is largely common to Wales and England and geographic proximity are the key enablers.
Welsh: Am y tri ffactor cyntaf sy'n dilyn, bodolaeth cyd-destun cyfreithiol a rheoleiddio sy'n gyffredin i Gymru a Lloegr i raddau helaeth ac agosrwydd daearyddol yw'r galluogwyr allweddol.
English: Unsurprisingly in this context, over the short to medium term, and when assessed on a "per head" basis
Welsh: Nid yw'n syndod yn y cyd-destun hwn, dros tymor byr i ganolig, ac o'i asesu ar sail "y pen
English: Both population and total GVA have grown more slowly in Wales than is the case for the UK as a whole.
Welsh: Mae rhywfaint o dadansoddiad wedi dangos y gallai effeithiau andwyol Brexit ar Gymru fod yn fwy na'r cyfartaledd i'r DU yn gyfan.
English: This is because the sectors within manufacturing in which Wales specialises are particularly dependent on European markets.
Welsh: Mae hyn oherwydd bod y sectorau ym maes gweithgynhyrchu y mae Cymru'n arbenigo ynddynt yn dibynnu'n arbennig ar farchnadoedd Ewropeaidd.
English: However, much depends on the form that Brexit takes and the nature of the additional frictions that are introduced.
Welsh: Er hynny, mae llawer yn dibynnu ar ba ffurf fydd gan Brexit a natur y ffrithiant ychwanegol a gyflwynir.
English: Reflecting this, analysis of an outcome in which nearsingle market arrangements are retained for goods, but not services, suggests the greatest impacts could be in regions that are serviced-dominated, particularly London.
Welsh: Gan adlewyrchu hyn, o ddadansoddi canlyniad lle y cedwir trefniadau marchnad led-sengl ar gyfer nwyddau, ond ddim gwasanaethau, awgrymir mai mewn rhanbarthau sy'n cael eu dominyddu gan wasanaethau, yn enwedig Llundain y gwelir yr effeithiau mwyaf.
English: On the other hand, were significant barriers imposed on trade in goods, the impact would be felt most in areas that specialise most in manufacturing, including of course Wales.
Welsh: Ar y llaw arall, pe bai rhwystrau sylweddol yn cael eu gorfodi ar fasnach mewn nwyddau, byddai'r effaith ar ei gwaethaf mewn ardaloedd sy'n arbenigo fwyaf mewn gweithgynhyrchu, gan gynnwys Cymru wrth gwrs.
English: In addition, research undertaken for the Welsh Government by Cardiff Business School indicated that business-specific factors (such as their specific role in particular supply chains) could be more important for their prospects than the broad sector to which they belong.
Welsh: Yn ogystal, dangosodd ymchwil a wnaed gan Llywodraeth Cymru yn Ysgol Fusnes Caerdydd y gallai ffactorau sy'n benodol i fusnes (megis eu rôl benodol mewn cadwyni cyflenwi arbennig) fod yn bwysicach ar gyfer eu rhagolygon na'r sector eang y maent yn perthyn iddo.
English: Such considerations limit the value of simple assessments of spatial effects across Wales based on sectoral exposure. The linkages described above result in the transmission of effects geographically, with, in most places, indirect and economy-wide effects likely to dominate direct local impacts
Welsh: Mae'r ystyriaethau hynny yn cyfyngu ar gwerth asesiadau syml o effeithiau gofodol ledled Cymru yn seiliedig ar gysylltiad â'r sector Mae'r cysylltiadau a ddisgrifir uchod yn arwain at drawsyrru effeithiau yn ddaearyddol, gydag effeithiau anuniongyrchol ac effeithiau ar draws yr economi yn debygol o ddominyddu effeithiau lleol
English: Furthermore, over the long run, the impact of the more adverse Brexit scenarios is likely to take the form of reductions in investment and lower productivity growth, rather than easily identifiable job losses and plant closures.
Welsh: Ymhellach, dros y tymor hir, mae effaith y sefyllfaoedd Brexit mwy andwyol yn debygol o fod ar ffurf gostyngiadau mewn buddsoddiad a thwf is mewn cynhyrchiant, yn hytrach na cholli swyddi a chau gweithfeydd y gellir eu nodi'n haws.
English: Even where such losses and closures occur, it will often be difficult to attribute them unambiguously to Brexit.
Welsh: Hyd yn oed os yw swyddi'n cael eu colli a gweithfeydd yn cael eu cau, bydd yn anos eu priodoli yn ddiamwys i Brexit.
English: The economy is in a constant state of "churn" and restructuring, with around 2,000 jobs both lost and created in a typical week in Wales.
Welsh: Mae'r economi yn newid ac yn cael ei ailstrwythuro drwy'r amser, gyda rhyw 2,000 o swyddi'n cael eu colli a'u creu mewn wythnos arferol yng Nghymru.
English: In general, this churn is accommodated within local labour markets through the process of creative destruction.
Welsh: Yn gyffredinol, mae marchnadoedd llafur lleol yn mynd i'r afael â'r newid cyson hwn trwy'r broses o ddinistr creadigol.