techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: I can recognise that plants and animals are living.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod bod planhigion ac anifeiliaid yn bethau byw.
English: I can recognise that living things grow.
Welsh: Gallaf gydnabod bod pethau byw yn tyfu.
English: I can identify living things in their natural habitats.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod pethau byw o fewn eu cyneﬁnoedd naturiol.
English: Health and disease
Welsh: Iechyd a chlefydau
English: I can observe, with an adult, things in the environment that may cause harm.
Welsh: Gallaf arsylwi, gydag oedolyn, ar bethau yn yr amgylchedd a all achosi niwed.
English: I can recognise and compare some features of living things and discuss similarities and differences.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod a chymharu rhai o nodweddion pethau byw a thrafod beth sy'n debyg ac yn wahanol rhyngddynt.
English: I can compare and contrast how living things develop and have offspring.
Welsh: Gallaf gymharu a gwrthgyferbynnu sut mae pethau byw yn datblygu ac yn cael epil.
English: I can explore how different habitats provide resources for living things to survive.
Welsh: Gallaf archwilio sut mae gwahanol gyneﬁnoedd yn darparu adnoddau er mwyn i bethau byw oroesi.
English: Biological processes
Welsh: Prosesau biolegol
English: I can identify parts of living things and their function.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod rhannau o bethau byw a'u swyddogaeth.
English: I can identify things in the environment which may be harmful and can act to prevent harm to myself and others.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod pethau yn yr amgylchedd a all fod yn niweidiol, a gweithredu er mwyn atal niwed i ﬁ fy hun ac i eraill.
English: I can use scientiﬁc criteria to describe the features of living things and use these to classify.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio meini prawf gwyddonol i ddisgriﬁo nodweddion pethau byw a'u defnyddio i'w dosbarthu.
English: I can describe how living things have changed over generations.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae pethau byw wedi newid dros genedlaethau.
English: I can describe how living things compete for speciﬁc resources and depend on each other for survival.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae pethau byw yn cystadlu am adnoddau penodol ac yn dibynnu ar ei gilydd er mwyn goroesi.
English: I can discuss the positive and negative impact that changes in the environment and human activity have on living things and habitats.
Welsh: Gallaf drafod effaith cadarnhaol a negyddol newidiadau yn yr amgylchedd a gweithgarwch dynol ar bethau byw a chyneﬁnoedd.
English: I can name and describe the functions of organs within my body and in plants.
Welsh: Gallaf enwi a disgriﬁo swyddogaethau organau yn fy nghorff ac mewn planhigion.
English: I can describe how some organs work together to perform a function.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae rhai organau yn cydweithio er mwyn cyﬂawni swyddogaeth.
English: I can describe the impact of lifestyle choices on organ systems, development and health.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo effaith dewisiadau ffordd o fyw ar systemau organau, datblygiad ac iechyd.
English: I can identify ways in which the body can defend itself from infection.
Welsh: Gallaf adnabod ffyrdd y gall y corff amddiffyn ei hun rhag heintiau.
English: I can explain how adaptation of organisms can affect their chances of survival.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro sut y gall addasiad organebau effeithio ar y siawns y byddant yn goroesi.
English: I can explain how reproduction, mutations and the environment can lead to variation.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro sut y gall atgenhedlu, mwtaniadau a'r amgylchedd arwain at amrywiad.
English: I can explain the interdependence of organisms in an ecosystem and how this leads to survival.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro cyd-ddibyniaeth organebau mewn ecosystem a sut mae hyn yn arwain at oroesi.
English: I can analyse how environmental factors and human activity can contribute to changes in habitats and population size.
Welsh: Gallaf ddadansoddi sut y gall ffactorau amgylcheddol a gweithgarwch dynol gyfrannu at newidiadau mewn cyneﬁnoedd ac ym maint y boblogaeth.
English: I can describe cells within organisms and relate structure to function.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo celloedd o fewn organebau a chysylltu strwythur â swyddogaeth.
English: I can describe biological processes within organisms and explain how these contribute to their development and survival.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo prosesau biolegol o fewn organebau ac egluro sut mae'r rhain yn cyfrannu at eu datblygiad a'u goroesiad.
English: I can describe the changes caused by hormones at puberty, which helps me to understand development and growth.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo'r newidiadau a achosir gan hormonau yn ystod y glasoed, ac mae hyn yn helpu i mi ddeall beth yw datblygiad a thwf.
English: I can explain the effect of different lifestyle choices on organ systems and their impact on health.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro effaith gwahanol ddewisiadau ffordd o fyw ar systemau organau a'u heffaith ar iechyd.
English: I can distinguish between diseases caused by pathogens and those caused by genetic inheritance in order to determine appropriate treatments.
Welsh: Gallaf wahaniaethu rhwng clefydau a achosir gan bathogenau a rhai a achosir gan etifeddiad genetig, er mwyn pennu triniaethau priodol.
English: I can describe how the body defends itself from infections caused by pathogens.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo sut mae'r corff yn amddiffyn ei hun rhag heintiau a achosir gan bathogenau.
English: I can explain the relationship between the environment and natural selection, and can connect and apply this to my understanding of evolution and extinction.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro'r berthynas rhwng yr amgylchedd â phroses detholiad naturiol, a gallaf gysylltu hyn a'i gymhwyso at fy nealltwriaeth o esblygiad a difodiant.
English: I can apply my knowledge of the different types of cell division to explain how this can lead to genetic variation.
Welsh: Gallaf gymhwyso'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am y gwahanol ffyrdd y mae celloedd yn ymrannu er mwyn egluro sut y gall hyn arwain at amrywiad genetig.
English: I can describe the development of gene technology and critically evaluate its impact on society.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo datblygiad technoleg genynnol a chynnal gwerthusiad beirniadol o'i heffaith ar gymdeithas.
English: I can explain the importance of nutrient cycles for the continuation of life.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro pwysigrwydd cylchredau maetholion o ran parhad bywyd.
English: I can evaluate contemporary issues that affect biodiversity, including environmental factors and human activity.
Welsh: Gallaf werthuso materion cyfoes sy'n effeithio ar ﬁoamrywiaeth, gan gynnwys ffactorau amgylcheddol a gweithgarwch dynol.
English: I can explain how organisms function through exchange and transport, coordination and control, photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro sut mae organebau yn gweithredu drwy gyfnewid a chludo, cydlynu a rheoli, ffotosynthesis a resbiradaeth gellog.
English: I can explain how the internal environment of organisms is regulated to maintain life.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro sut y caiff amgylchedd mewnol organebau ei reoli er mwyn cynnal bywyd.
English: I can explain the role of hormones in growth and sexual reproduction.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro rôl hormonau mewn twf ac atgenhedlu rhywiol.
English: I can explain the mechanism of genetic crosses to predict the inheritance of disorders.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro'r mecanwaith croesiadau genetig er mwyn rhagfynegi anhwylderau a gaiff eu hetifeddu.
English: I can explain how pathogens may cause diseases and how the mechanisms of the body, along with medical intervention, prevent and combat these diseases.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro sut y gall pathogenau achosi clefydau a sut mae systemau'r corff, ynghyd ag ymyrraeth feddygol, yn atal ac ymladd y clefydau hyn.
English: I can explain the beneﬁcial role of microbes in the defence against diseases.
Welsh: Gallaf egluro rôl fuddiol microbau yn y broses o amddiffyn rhag clefydau.
English: • Using tools and equipment.
Welsh: • Defnyddio offer a chyfarpar.
English: • The transfer of energy.
Welsh: • Trosglwyddo egni.
English: • Rates of biological reactions.
Welsh: • Cyfraddau adweithiau biolegol.
English: • Environmental science, sustainability and agriculture.
Welsh: • Gwyddoniaeth amgylcheddol, cynaliadwyedd ac amaethyddiaeth.
English: • Making informed decisions about our health and the health of other living things.
Welsh: • Gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus am ein hiechyd ac iechyd pethau byw eraill.
English: • observing living things
Welsh: • arsylwi ar bethau byw
English: • growing living things
Welsh: • tyfu pethau byw
English: • the names of some internal and external parts of living things
Welsh: • enwau rhai rhannau mewnol ac allanol pethau byw
English: • that living things reproduce and have life cycles.
Welsh: • y gall pethau byw atgenhedlu a bod ganddynt gylchredoedd bywyd.
English: • that things, both seen and not seen, can harm us, e.g. the spread of germs, poison (including plants) and inappropriate use of medicines.
Welsh: • y gall pethau gweladwy ac anweladwy ein niweidio, e.e. lledaenu germau, gwenwyn (gan gynnwys planhigion) a defnydd amhriodol o feddyginiaethau.
English: • using models to understand feeding relationships, e.g. food chains and food webs
Welsh: • defnyddio modelau i ddeall perthnasau bwydo, e.e. cadwyni bwyd a gweoedd bwyd
English: • investigating some of the conditions living things need in order to survive.
Welsh: • ymchwilio i rai o'r amodau sydd eu hangen ar bethau byw er mwyn goroesi.
English: • that lifestyle choices, including diet and drug misuse, may impact on the body
Welsh: • sut y gall dewisiadau ffordd o fyw, gan gynnwys deiet a chamddefnyddio cyffuriau, effeithio ar y corff
English: • about the natural barriers of the body, e.g. tears, skin and mucus.
Welsh: • rhwystrau naturiol y corff, e.e. dagrau, y croen a mwcws.
English: • using indicator species to investigate pollution
Welsh: • defnyddio rhywogaethau dangosol er mwyn ymchwilio i lygredd
English: • using models to represent interdependence.
Welsh: • defnyddio modelau i gynrychioli cyd-ddibyniaeth.
English: • that genetic information is stored in DNA and transferred from one generation to the next
Welsh: • y caiff gwybodaeth enetig ei storio mewn DNA a'i throsglwyddo o un genhedlaeth i'r nesaf
English: • how energy is transferred through an ecosystem.
Welsh: • sut y caiff egni ei drosglwyddo drwy ecosystem.
English: • investigating the internal structures of plants or animals
Welsh: • ymchwilio i adeiledd mewnol planhigion neu anifeiliaid
English: • using models to represent biological processes
Welsh: • defnyddio modelau i gynrychioli prosesau biolegol
English: • investigating biological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and digestion.
Welsh: • ymchwilio i brosesau biolegol, megis resbiradaeth, ffotosynthesis a threulio.
English: • that white blood cells contribute to the immune response.
Welsh: • bod celloedd gwaed gwyn yn cyfrannu at ymateb imiwnedd.
English: • using and constructing models to understand interdependence, nutrient cycles and inheritance.
Welsh: • defnyddio a llunio modelau er mwyn deall cyd-ddibyniaeth, cylchredau maetholion ac etifeddiad.
English: • using models to explain biological processes
Welsh: • defnyddio modelau i esbonio prosesau biolegol
English: • investigating the factors which affect biological processes.
Welsh: • ymchwilio i'r ffactorau sy'n effeithio ar brosesau biolegol.
English: • growing microbes aseptically.
Welsh: • y broses o dyfu microbau mewn ffordd aseptig.
English: • about the development of new treatments for diseases, including drugs, vaccines and stem cells.
Welsh: • am ddatblygiad triniaethau newydd ar gyfer clefydau, gan gynnwys cyffuriau, brechlynnau a bôn-gelloedd.
English: • evaluate the effect of medical interventions on human health, e.g. vaccination programmes,overuse of antibiotics and use of ﬂuoride.
Welsh: • gwerthuso effaith ymyriadau meddygol ar iechyd pobl, e.e. rhaglenni brechu, gorddefnyddio gwrthﬁotigau a defnyddio fﬂworid.
English: As we then develop a deeper understanding of matter and its properties, we can design and create new substances and materials that can enrich our lives.
Welsh: Wrth i ni wedyn ddatblygu dealltwriaeth ddyfnach o fater a'i briodweddau, gallwn ddylunio a chreu sylweddau a defnyddiau newydd sy'n cyfoethogi ein bywydau.
English: This activity is particularly relevant in Wales, where it has had
Welsh: Dyma weithgarwch sy'n arbennig o berthnasol yng Nghymru, lle bu cymhwyso diwydiannol sylweddol ar hyn ac lle mae arloesi'n parhau.
English: Properties of materials
Welsh: Priodweddau defnyddiau
English: I can explore the properties of materials and choose different materials for a particular use.
Welsh: Gallaf archwilio priodweddau defnyddiau a dewis defnyddiau gwahanol at ddefnydd penodol.
English: Chemical reactions
Welsh: Adweithiau cemegol
English: I can mix different materials during play.
Welsh: Gallaf gymysgu gwahanol ddefnyddiau wrth chwarae.
English: I can explore and describe the properties of materials and justify their uses.
Welsh: Gallaf archwilio a disgriﬁo priodweddau defnyddiau a chyﬁawnhau'r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.
English: I can observe and describe ways in which materials change when they are mixed together.
Welsh: Gallaf arsylwi ar a disgriﬁo'r ffyrdd y mae defnyddiau yn newid o'u cymysgu.
English: Extraction, reﬁnement and analysis
Welsh: Echdynnu, coethi neu buro a dadansoddi
English: I can explore ways to separate everyday materials.
Welsh: Gallaf archwilio ffyrdd o wahanu defnyddiau pob-dydd.
English: I can classify and compare different materials according to their physical properties and relate these to their use.
Welsh: Gallaf ddosbarthu a chymharu gwahanol ddefnyddiau yn ôl eu priodweddau fﬁsegol, a'u cysylltu â'r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.
English: I can use observations to identify the effects of temperature change on materials.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio fy arsylwadau i adnabod effaith newid tymheredd ar ddefnyddiau.
English: I can recognise that mass is conserved when a substance changes state.
Welsh: Gallaf gydnabod bod màs yn aros yr un peth pan fydd sylwedd yn newid cyﬂwr.
English: I can use everyday chemicals to demonstrate chemical reactions and can identify some of the signs of a chemical reaction.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio cemegau cyffredin i ddangos adweithiau cemegol ac adnabod rhai o arwyddion adwaith cemegol.
English: I can use my knowledge and experiences of materials to select the appropriate techniques for separating a range of mixtures.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod a'm proﬁadau mewn perthynas â defnyddiau i ddewis y technegau priodol ar gyfer gwahanu amrywiaeth o gymysgeddau.
English: I can recognise that the Earth provides the materials that we use and can describe the limitations that these materials have in their natural form.
Welsh: Gallaf gydnabod mai'r Ddaear sy'n darparu'r defnyddiau a ddefnyddir gennym, a gallaf ddisgriﬁo'r cyfyngiadau sy'n gysylltiedig â'r defnyddiau hyn ar eu ffurf naturiol.
English: Structure of materials
Welsh: Strwythur defnyddiau
English: I can use the particle model to describe and explain the composition of elements, compounds and mixtures.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r model gronynnol i ddisgriﬁo ac egluro cyfansoddiad elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau.
English: I can describe and explain the properties of elements, compounds and mixtures, and relate these to how they are used.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo ac egluro priodweddau elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau, a'u cysylltu â'r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.
English: I can use the particle model to explain the properties and behaviours of substances in different states.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r model gronynnol i egluro gwahanol briodweddau ac ymddygiadau sylweddau mewn cyﬂyrau gwahanol.
English: I can describe different types of chemical reactions, explain their uses and identify any effects of the products formed.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol, egluro eu defnyddiau ac adnabod unrhyw effeithiau sy'n gysylltiedig â'r cynhyrchion a gaiff eu ffurﬁo.
English: I can use my knowledge of chemical reactions to explain what happens to the rate of reaction when certain conditions are changed.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol i egluro beth sy'n digwydd i'r gyfradd adwaith pan gaiff rhai amodau penodol eu newid.
English: I can apply my knowledge of chemical reactions to describe how mass is conserved during a chemical change.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol i ddisgriﬁo sut y mae màs yn aros yr un peth yn ystod newid cemegol.
English: I can apply my knowledge of the properties of materials to select and use the appropriate technique in order to separate mixtures.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am briodweddau defnyddiau i ddewis a defnyddio'r dechneg briodol er mwyn gwahanu cymysgeddau.
English: I can describe different chemical indicator tests and use these both to identify substances and to compare and classify materials.
Welsh: Gallaf ddisgriﬁo gwahanol broﬁon gyda dangosyddion cemegol a'u defnyddio i adnabod sylweddau a chymharu a dosbarthu defnyddiau.
English: I can identify that materials are obtained from the Earth's natural resources and can explain why they are ﬁnite.
Welsh: Gallaf ddeall bod defnyddiau yn dod o adnoddau naturiol y Ddaear a gallaf egluro pam maent yn gallu dod i ben.
English: I can apply my knowledge of atomic and electronic structure to explain the bonding and structure of different types of materials.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am strwythur atomig ac electronig i egluro bondio a strwythur gwahanol fathau o ddefnyddiau.
English: I can suggest the type of bonding in a substance based on its properties.
Welsh: Gallaf awgrymu'r math o fondio sydd mewn sylwedd ar sail ei briodweddau.
English: I can use my knowledge of atomic structure and bonding to explain and predict the properties of materials and to justify their use.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am strwythur a bondio atomig er mwyn egluro a rhagfynegi priodweddau defnyddiau ac er mwyn cyﬁawnhau'r defnydd a wneir ohonynt.
English: I can compare the nature and properties of different types of nuclear radiation and justify the
Welsh: Gallaf gymharu natur a phriodweddau gwahanol fathau o ymbelydredd niwclear a chyﬁawnhau
English: use of radioactive isotopes for a speciﬁc purpose.
Welsh: defnyddio isotopau ymbelydrol at ddiben penodol.
English: I can apply my knowledge of the structure and properties of materials to explain reactivity in different types of chemical reactions.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am strwythur a phriodweddau defnyddiau i egluro adweithedd mewn gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol.
English: I can use my knowledge of particle theory to explain how reactions can be controlled in order to attain the optimum conditions for industrial reactions.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am ddamcaniaeth gronynnol i egluro sut y gellir rheoli adweithiau er mwyn cyrraedd yr amodau optimwm ar gyfer adweithiau diwydiannol.
English: I can apply my knowledge of the principles of conservation of mass and symbol equations to explain, predict and calculate the quantities and energy changes involved in chemical reactions.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am egwyddorion cadwraeth màs a hafaliadau symbol i egluro, rhagfynegi a chyfrifo'r meintiau a'r newidiadau egni sy'n gysylltiedig ag adweithiau cemegol.
English: I can use my knowledge and understanding of matter to explain how different techniques can be used to extract and reﬁne substances for a variety of uses.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod a'm dealltwriaeth o fater i egluro sut y gellir defnyddio gwahanol dechnegau i echdynnu a choethi neu buro sylweddau at amrywiaeth o ddibenion.
English: I can use chemical tests to analyse materials, and can apply my knowledge of chemical reactions in order to identify substances and their composition.
Welsh: Gallaf ddefnyddio proﬁon cemegol i ddadansoddi defnyddiau, a gallaf ddefnyddio'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am adweithiau cemegol er mwyn adnabod sylweddau a'u cyfansoddiad.
English: • Considering the impact of the use of materials and reactions.
Welsh: • Ystyried effaith y defnydd o ddefnyddiau ac adweithiau.
English: • Using materials and equipment.
Welsh: • Defnyddio defnyddiau a chyfarpar.
English: • The uses and properties of materials in design and engineering.
Welsh: • Priodweddau defnyddiau a'r defnydd a wneir ohonynt mewn dylunio a pheirianneg.
English: • Electricity and nuclear radiation.
Welsh: • Trydan ac ymbelydredd niwclear.
English: • The biological reactions of photosynthesis and respiration.
Welsh: • Adweithiau biolegol ffotosynthesis a resbiradaeth.
English: • Energy changes and conservation of mass.
Welsh: • Newidiadau egni a gwarchod màs.
English: • Environmental science, sustainability (including renewable energy) and agriculture.
Welsh: • Gwyddoniaeth amgylcheddol, cynaliadwyedd (gan gynnwys egni adnewyddadwy) ac amaethyddiaeth.
English: • Cooking and the development of healthy eating.
Welsh: • Coginio a datblygiad bwyta'n iach.
English: • Instructional and explanation writing.
Welsh: • Ysgrifennu cyfarwyddiadol ac esboniadol.
English: • making new materials by mixing others, e.g. when cooking or when mixing bicarbonate of soda and vinegar.
Welsh: • creu defnyddiau newydd drwy gymysgu defnyddiau eraill, e.e. wrth goginio neu wrth gymysgu soda pobi a ﬁnegr.
English: • materials can change, and under certain conditions will react to form something new.
Welsh: • y gall defnyddiau newid, ac o dan rai amodau penodol y byddant yn adweithio er mwyn ffurﬁo rhywbeth newydd.
English: • everyday chemical reactions, e.g. striking a match, rusting and baking
Welsh: • adweithiau cemegol pob-dydd, e.e. tanio matsien, rhydu a phobi
English: change and heat emission.
Welsh: newid lliw ac allyrru gwres.
English: • some examples of materials obtained from the Earth
Welsh: • rhai enghreifftiau o ddefnyddiau a ddaw o'r Ddaear
English: • that the majority of raw materials have to be processed before they can be used.
Welsh: • bod yn rhaid prosesu'r rhan fwyaf o ddefnyddiau crai cyn y gellir eu defnyddio.
English: Learners need to know:
Welsh: Mae angen i ddysgwyr:
English: • the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.
Welsh: • wybod trefniant elfennau yn y tabl cyfnodol.
English: • distinguish between elements, compounds and mixtures.
Welsh: • gwahaniaethu rhwng elfennau, cyfansoddion a chymysgeddau.
English: • how the properties of compounds are different from their constituent elements.
Welsh: • sut y mae priodweddau cyfansoddion yn wahanol i'w helfennau unigol.
English: • different types of chemical reactions, e.g. neutralisation, oxidation, and exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Welsh: • gwahanol fathau o adweithiau cemegol, e.e. niwtralu, ocsidio, ac adweithiau ecsothermig ac endothermig.
English: • that rates of reaction are affected by factors such as temperature, concentration and surface area.
Welsh: • bod ffactorau gan gynnwys tymheredd, crynodiad ac arwynebedd arwyneb yn effeithio ar gyfraddau adwaith.
English: • use word equations and interpret simple chemical formulae.
Welsh: • defnyddio hafaliadau geiriol a dehongli fformiwlâu cemegol syml.
English: • that the majority of raw materials have to be processed before they can be used
Welsh: • bod yn rhaid prosesu mwyafrif y defnyddiau crai cyn y gellir eu defnyddio
English: Learners need to know about:
Welsh: Mae angen i ddysgwyr wybod:
English: • the different types of bonding
Welsh: • y gwahanol fathau o fondio
English: • the types of atomic and molecular structure that exist.
Welsh: • y gwahanol strwythurau atomig a molecwlaidd sy'n bodoli.
English: • the properties of metals and non-metals
Welsh: • priodweddau metelau ac anfetelau
English: • how the properties of materials are affected by their structures, e.g. conductivity, melting point and malleability
Welsh: • sut mae priodweddau defnyddiau yn cael eu heffeithio gan eu strwythur, e.e. dargludedd, ymdoddbwynt, hydrinedd
English: • about different types of radiation, e.g. alpha, beta and gamma.
Welsh: • am wahanol fathau o ymbelydredd, e.e. alpha, beta a gama.
English: • trends in reactivity in the periodic table.
Welsh: • tueddiadau mewn adweithedd o fewn y tabl cyfnodol.