techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: which groups of people might benefit from a scheme under different budget scenarios.
Welsh: pa grwpiau o bobl a allai elwa o gynllun o dan wahanol sefyllfaoedd cyllidebol.
English: (This was to inform prioritisation, value for money decisions, and the setting of eligibility criteria).
Welsh: (Diben hyn oedd llywio blaenoriaethau, penderfyniadau gwerth am arian, a phennu meini prawf cymhwysedd).
English: The research was conducted by CSE and their full report and executive summary can be found at:
Welsh: Cynhaliwyd yr ymchwil gan CSE ac mae ei hadroddiad llawn a chrynodeb gweithredol ar gael yn:
English: The key recommendations of the research are set out below:
Welsh: Nodir prif argymhellion yr ymchwil isod:
English: Older adults (people aged 65 years and over).
Welsh: Oedolion hŷn (pobl 65 oed a throsodd).
English: People with limiting long term health conditions (people with respiratory or circulatory diseases and people with mental health conditions).
Welsh: Pobl â chyflyrau iechyd hirdymor cyfyngol (pobl â chlefyd anadlol neu glefyd cylchrediad y gwaed a phobl â chyflyrau iechyd meddwl).
English: Definition of 'Low Income'
Welsh: Diffiniad o 'Incwm Isel'
English: Determining low income status through the 'before housing costs' (BHC) indicator only requires knowledge of income levels, which in most cases will be present on a proof of benefit letter.
Welsh: Dim ond gwybodaeth am lefelau incwm, a fydd ar gael mewn llythyr prawf budd-daliadau fel arfer, sydd ei hangen er mwyn pennu statws incwm isel drwy'r dangosydd 'cyn costau tai' (BHC).
English: Calculating 'after housing costs' (AHC) income requires additional information about housing costs which may be more difficult to prove, be less reliable and make the process more complex.
Welsh: Bydd angen gwybodaeth ychwanegol am gostau tai, y gall fod yn anos eu profi, yn llai dibynadwy a gwneud y broses yn fwy cymhleth, er mwyn cyfrifo 'ar ôl costau tai' (AHC).
English: Using the receipt of means tested benefits to build on existing established systems to allow households to demonstrate their eligibility for the scheme.
Welsh: Defnyddio'r ffaith y ceir budd-daliadau sy'n dibynnu ar brawf modd i adeiladu ar systemau sefydledig presennol er mwyn galluogi aelwydydd i ddangos eu bod yn gymwys ar gyfer y cynllun.
English: Using some element of self-qualification involving the referral to the scheme by a third party for households where eligibility is complex to evidence.
Welsh: Defnyddio rhyw elfen o hunangymhwyso sy'n cynnwys atgyfeiriad i'r cynllun gan drydydd parti ar gyfer aelwydydd lle mae'n anodd dangos tystiolaeth o gymhwysedd.
English: Using a pre-approved third party referral system that allows those with relative low incomes and certain health conditions but who are not receiving means tested benefits to be included.
Welsh: Defnyddio system atgyfeirio gan drydydd parti a gymeradwywyd ymlaen llaw sy'n ei gwneud yn bosibl i gynnwys y rheini ag incwm cymharol isel a rhai cyflyrau iechyd ond nad ydynt yn cael budd-daliadau sy'n dibynnu ar brawf modd.
English: Qualifying Means Tested Benefits
Welsh: Budd-daliadau sy'n dibynnu ar Brawf Modd Cymwys
English: Employment Support Allowance (and all previous iterations of it, including but not limited to Incapacity Benefit
Welsh: Lwfans Cyflogaeth a Chymorth (a phob iteriad blaenorol ohono, gan gynnwys ond nid yn gyfyngedig i Fudd-dal Anuallogrwydd)
English: Income Support paid because of illness or disability
Welsh: Cymhorthdal Incwm a delir oherwydd salwch neu anabledd
English: The scheme should also make particular efforts to recruit third party referral agencies working in rural areas.
Welsh: Dylai'r cynllun hefyd wneud ymdrech benodol i recriwtio asiantaethau atgyfeirio trydydd parti sy'n gweithio mewn ardaloedd gwledig.
English: Additional work on property tenure & energy efficiency rating
Welsh: Gwaith Ychwanegol ar Ddeiliadaeth Eiddo a Sgôr Effeithlonrwydd Ynni
English: Under the current eligibility criteria for the Nest scheme, both owner-occupied and private rented households are eligible to receive a package of energy efficiency measures.
Welsh: O dan feini prawf cymhwysedd presennol cynllun Nyth, mae aelwydydd perchennogddeiliaid a rhentu preifat yn gymwys i gael pecyn o fesurau effeithlonrwydd ynni.
English: However, we asked CSE to undertake some additional work looking primarily at the impact on the remaining eligibility criteria if the private rented sector was removed.
Welsh: Fodd bynnag, gwnaethom ofyn i CSE wneud peth gwaith ychwanegol gan edrych yn bennaf ar effaith dileu'r sector rhentu preifat ar y meini prawf cymhwysedd sy'n weddill.
English: CSE were also asked to consider the impacts of extending eligibility to include properties rated EPC D, in combination with the above.
Welsh: Hefyd gofynnwyd i CSE ystyried effaith ymestyn cymhwysedd i gynnwys eiddo â sgôr D EPC, ar y cyd â'r uchod.
English: The findings of this additional work will be used to further develop the eligibility criteria and spending caps per household for the new scheme.
Welsh: Caiff canfyddiadau'r gwaith ychwanegol hwn ei ddefnyddio i ddatblygu meini prawf a therfynau gwario fesul teulu y cynllun newydd ymhellach.
English: Alternatives may need to be found for encouraging investment in energy efficiency measures in the private rented sector.
Welsh: Efallai y bydd angen dod o hyd i ffyrdd amgen o annog buddsoddiad mewn mesurau effeithlonrwydd ynni yn y sector rhentu preifat.
English: These might include low-cost repayable loans offered through various Welsh Government initiatives for other purposes, for example the 15 year, £10m National Home Improvement Loan Scheme, currently delivered through local authorities in Wales.
Welsh: Gallai'r rhain gynnwys benthyciadau ad-daladwy cost isel a gynigir drwy wahanol fentrau Llywodraeth Cymru at ddibenion eraill, er enghraifft y Cynllun Benthyciadau Gwella Cartrefi Cenedlaethol £10m, 15 mlynedd, a gyflawnir drwy awdurdodau lleol yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd.
English: The scheme enables short to medium term loans to be provided to owners of substandard properties who pass affordability criteria and who are restricted in terms of other sources of finance.
Welsh: Mae'r cynllun yn cynnig benthyciadau byrdymor i dymor canolig i berchenogion eiddo sydd islaw'r safon sy'n bodloni meini prawf fforddiadwyedd ac y mae ffynonellau eraill o gyllid yn gyfyngedig iddynt.
English: As loans are repaid to the local authority, the funding can be recycled to enable its operation for 15 years.
Welsh: Gan fod benthyciadau yn cael eu had-dalu i'r awdurdod lleol, gall y cyllid gael ei ailgylchu fel bod modd ei weithredu am 15 mlynedd.
English: We will look to ensure that any such alternatives are suitable to encourage landlords to fund energy efficiency measures in the private rented sector.
Welsh: Byddwn yn anelu at sicrhau bod unrhyw opsiwn amgen o'r fath yn addas i annog landlordiaid i ariannu mesurau effeithlonrwydd ynni yn y sector rhentu preifat.
English: This will include ensuring loans are consistently available throughout Wales and at an affordable rate.
Welsh: Bydd hyn yn cynnwys sicrhau bod benthyciadau ar gael yn gyson ledled Cymru a'u bod yn fforddiadwy.
English: The following section sets out our proposals for a new demand-led scheme, followed by questions seeking stakeholder views on our proposals.
Welsh: Mae'r adran ganlynol yn amlinellu ein cynigion ar gyfer cynllun newydd a arweinir gan alw, a ddilynir gan gwestiynau sy'n ceisio barn rhanddeiliad ar ein cynigion.
English: These questions are also summarised in the Consultation Response Form at Annex 1.
Welsh: Hefyd caiff y cwestiynau hyn eu crynhoi yn y ffurflen ymateb i'r ymgynghoriad ar ddiwedd y ddogfen hon.
English: We propose the new demand-led scheme should provide support comprising the following two elements:
Welsh: Cynigiwn y dylai'r cynllun newydd a arweinir gan alw ddarparu cymorth sy'n cynnwys y ddwy elfen ganlynol:
English: In-home advice could include 'handholding' in areas such as energy switching and advice on how to get the full benefits of the measures installed.
Welsh: Gallai cyngor yn y cartref gynnwys 'dal llaw' mewn meysydd fel newid ynni a chyngor ar sut i gael y budd mwyaf o'r mesurau a gyflwynir.
English: We propose to remove the provision of Partial Grants in view of the low take-up and because of our proposed changes to eligibility criteria for free home energy improvements.
Welsh: Cynigiwn roi'r gorau i ddarparu Grantiau Rhannol yn sgil y defnydd isel ohonynt ac oherwydd ein newidiadau arfaethedig i feini prawf cymhwysedd ar gyfer gwelliannau ynni yn y cartref am ddim.
English: Do you agree with the proposed support to be offered by the new scheme?
Welsh: Ydych chi'n cytuno â'r cymorth arfaethedig a gynigir gan y cynllun newydd?
English: Do you agree that in-home advice should be offered to those meeting the eligibility criteria, where appropriate?
Welsh: Ydych chi'n cytuno y dylai cyngor yn y cartref gael ei gynnig i'r sawl sy'n bodloni'r meini prawf cymhwysedd, lle bo'n briodol?
English: What type of in-home advice would be most beneficial and who is best placed to provide such advice?
Welsh: Pa fath o gyngor yn y cartref a fyddai orau a phwy sydd yn y sefyllfa orau i roi cyngor o'r fath?
English: Please provide evidence to support your answer.
Welsh: Rhowch dystiolaeth i ategu eich ateb.
English: Whole House Approach
Welsh: Gweithredu ar sail Cartref Cyfan
English: The evaluation of the Nest scheme generally identified strong support from stakeholders for use of the whole house approach, where a qualified energy assessor recommends the most appropriate and cost effective energy efficiency measures to improve specific properties.
Welsh: Dangosodd y gwerthusiad o gynllun Nyth fod cefnogaeth gref ymhlith rhanddeiliaid yn gyffredinol i weithredu ar sail cartref cyfan, lle mae asesydd ynni cymwysedig yn argymell y mesurau effeithlonrwydd ynni mwyaf priodol a chost-effeithiol er mwyn gwella eiddo penodol.
English: We propose to continue with the whole house approach and to prioritise our funding for the installation of measures most appropriate and cost effective in improving the energy rating of a property and in reducing household energy bills.
Welsh: Cynigiwn barhau i weithredu ar sail cartref cyfan a blaenoriaethu ein cyllid ar gyfer cyflwyno'r mesurau sydd fwyaf priodol a chosteffeithiol i wella sgôr ynni eiddo a gostwng biliau ynni aelwydydd.
English: If not, what approach would you suggest?
Welsh: Os nad ydych, sut y byddech yn awgrymu y dylai weithredu?
English: Spending caps on energy efficiency measures per household
Welsh: Terfynau Gwario ar Fesurau Effeithlonrwydd Ynni fesul Aelwyd
English: In order to ensure prioritisation of the most cost effective measures and to benefit as many low income households as possible, the current scheme includes spending caps in each dwelling of £8,000 for on-gas properties and £12,000 for off-gas properties.
Welsh: Er mwyn sicrhau bod y mesurau mwyaf cost-effeithiol yn cael eu blaenoriaethu ac er mwyn i gynifer o aelwydydd incwm isel â phosibl elwa, mae'r cynllun presennol yn cynnwys terfynau gwario ym mhob annedd o £8,000 ar gyfer eiddo â chyflenwad nwy a £12,000 ar gyfer eiddo heb gyflenwad nwy.
English: A higher cap is applied to off-gas properties in recognition of the additional costs incurred in improving rural, off-gas homes.
Welsh: Pennwyd terfyn uwch ar gyfer eiddo heb gyflenwad nwy er mwyn cydnabod y costau ychwanegol yr eir iddynt i wella cartrefi gwledig sydd heb gyflenwad nwy.
English: Introduction to the Mathematics and Numeracy Area of Learning and Experience 03
Welsh: Cyﬂwyniad i Faes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Mathemateg a Rhifedd
English: What Matters in Mathematics and Numeracy
Welsh: Yr Hyn sy'n Bwysig mewn Mathemateg a Rhifedd
English: The number system is used to represent and compare relationships between numbers and quantities.
Welsh: Defnyddir y system rifau i gynrychioli a chymharu'r perthnasau rhwng rhifau a meintiau.
English: Algebra uses symbol systems to express the structures of relationships between numbers, quantities and relations.
Welsh: Mae algebra yn defnyddio systemau symbolau i fynegi strwythurau'r perthnasau rhwng rhifau, meintiau a chydberthnasau.
English: Geometry focuses on relationships involving properties of shape, space and position, and measurement focuses on quantifying phenomena in the physical world.
Welsh: Mae geometreg yn canolbwyntio ar berthnasau sy'n ymwneud
English: INTRODUCTION TO THE MATHEMATICS AND NUMERACY AREA OF LEARNING AND EXPERIENCE
Welsh: CYFLWYNIAD I FAES DYSGU A PHROFIAD MATHEMATEG A RHIFEDD
English: Mathematics is an international discipline, and numeracy, the application of mathematics, plays a critical part in our private, social and civic lives, and in the economic health of the nation.
Welsh: Mae mathemateg yn ddisgyblaeth ryngwladol, ac mae rhifedd, sef y broses o gymhwyso mathemateg, yn chwarae rhan hanfodol yn ein bywydau preifat, cymdeithasol a dinesig, ac yng nghyﬂwr economaidd y genedl.
English: It is imperative that mathematics and numeracy experiences are as engaging, exciting and accessible as possible for learners, and that they ensure learners develop mathematical resilience (the ability to embrace challenge as a positive aspect of learning).
Welsh: Mae'n hanfodol bod proﬁadau mathemateg a rhifedd mor ddiddorol, cyffrous
English: Developing mathematical resilience contributes to the development of ambitious and capable learners.
Welsh: Mae datblygu gwydnwch mathemategol yn helpu i ddatblygu dysgwyr galluog ac uchelgeisiol.
English: In the early years, play forms an important part in the development of mathematics and numeracy, enabling learners to solve problems, explore ideas, establish connections and collaborate with others.
Welsh: Yn ystod y blynyddoedd cynnar, mae chwarae yn rhan bwysig o'r broses o ddatblygu mathemateg a rhifedd, gan alluogi dysgwyr i ddatrys problemau, archwilio syniadau, creu cysylltiadau a chydweithredu ag eraill.
English: For learners of all ages, real-life examples drawn from the local, national and international environment help them make connections between the concrete and the abstract.
Welsh: Ar gyfer dysgwyr o bob oedran, bydd enghreifftiau go iawn o'r amgylchedd lleol, cenedlaethol a rhyngwladol yn helpu dysgwyr i greu cysylltiadau rhwng
English: Real-life contexts can be used to introduce and explore mathematical concepts, as well as to consolidate them.
Welsh: Gellir defnyddio cyd-destunau go iawn i gyﬂwyno
English: Indeed, teaching that introduces a reasoning and problem-solving approach to all mathematics and numeracy experiences supports the development both of positive dispositions and of the four purposes of the curriculum, as well as the development of the
Welsh: Yn wir, mae addysgu drwy gyﬂwyno dulliau rhesymu a datrys problemau i bob proﬁad mathemateg a rhifedd yn helpu i ddatblygu ar y naill law
English: Further information on how the Mathematics and Numeracy Area of Learning and Experience can support this is provided in the'Developing a broad and balanced curriculum' section of this document.
Welsh: Mae rhagor o wybodaeth ar sut y gall Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Mathemateg
English: Funded non-maintained settings and schools will have discretion as to how they design their school-level curriculum to meet their curriculum duties.
Welsh: Bydd hawl gan leoliadau a ariennir nas cynhelir ac ysgolion i ddewis sut i gynllunio'u cwricwlwm ar lefel ysgol er mwyn cyﬂawni eu dyletswyddau cwricwlaidd.
English: This statutory guidance for the Mathematics and Numeracy Area of Learning and Experience, which forms part of the wider Curriculum for Wales 2022 statutory guidance, is intended to provide a national framework that funded non-maintained settings and schools can build on to develop their own curriculum.
Welsh: Nod y canllawiau statudol hyn ar gyfer Maes Dysgu a Phroﬁad Mathemateg a Rhifedd, sy'n
English: supports the four purposes of the curriculum
Welsh: Sut mae'r maes dysgu a phroﬁad yn cefnogi pedwar diben y cwricwlwm
English: Mathematics surrounds us and underpins so many aspects of our daily lives, such as architecture, art, music, money and engineering.
Welsh: Mae mathemateg o'n cwmpas ni ac yn sail i gynifer o agweddau ar ein bywydau bob dydd, megis pensaernïaeth, celf, cerddoriaeth, arian a pheirianneg.
English: And while it is creative and beautiful, both in its own right and in its applications, it is also essential for progress in other areas of learning and experience, not least in Science and Technology, which would be virtually impossible without it.
Welsh: Ac er ei bod hi, ohoni hi ei hun ac o'i chymhwyso, yn greadigol ac yn hardd, mae hefyd yn hanfodol i gynnydd mewn
English: What is more, numeracy - the use of mathematics to solve problems in real-world contexts - is required in almost all areas of life.
Welsh: Ar ben hynny, mae angen rhifedd - y defnydd o fathemateg i ddatrys problemau yng nghyd-destunau'r byd go iawn - ymhob maes o fywyd, fwy neu lai.
English: Formal mathematics is founded on basic truths and develops through rigorous logical reasoning.
Welsh: Mae mathemateg ffurﬁol wedi ei seilio ar wirioneddau sylfaenol ac mae'n datblygu drwy resymu
English: It involves inventing or discovering abstract objects and establishing the relationships between them.
Welsh: Mae'n cynnwys dyfeisio neu ddarganfod gwrthrychau haniaethol, ynghyd â sefydlu perthnasau rhyngddynt.
English: It also teaches us the difference between conjecture, likelihood and proof.
Welsh: Mae hefyd yn dysgu'r gwahaniaeth rhwng dyfaliad, tebygrwydd a phrawf i ni.
English: Mathematical thinking involves applying similarly logical reasoning, this time to the investigation
Welsh: Mae meddwl mewn ffordd fathemategol yn cynnwys rhoi ar waith yr un math o resymu rhesymegol eto, y tro hwn wrth archwilio'r perthnasau sydd o fewn cysyniadau a rhyngddynt,
English: And essential to this is
Welsh: Ac mae dealltwriaeth o'r symbolau a'r systemau symbolau a ddefnyddir mewn mathemateg, a'r gallu i'w defnyddio, yn hanfodol yn hyn o beth.
English: Applying mathematics requires strategic competence in the use of abstraction and modelling, and learners also develop resilience, as well as a sense of achievement and enjoyment, as they overcome the challenges involved.
Welsh: Er mwyn cymhwyso mathemateg, mae angen cymhwysedd strategol o ran defnyddio haniaethu
English: Subsequently, mathematical activities teach learners not to be afraid of unfamiliar or complex problems, as they can be reduced to a succession of
Welsh: O ganlyniad, mae gweithgareddau mathemategol yn dysgu'r dysgwyr i beidio â bod ofn problemau anghyfarwydd neu gymhleth,
English: And as they reﬂect on the approaches
Welsh: Ac wrth iddynt fyfyrio ar y dulliau a ddefnyddiwyd, ac ar yr hyn a ddysgwyd ganddynt am fathemateg a rhifedd, mae dysgwyr yn datblygu'r sgiliau metawybyddol sy'n eu helpu nhw i wybod pa gamau sydd angen eu cymryd er mwyn gwella eu perfformiad.
English: Thus they become
Welsh: Drwy hyn fe ddônt yn
English: Mathematics also contributes to developing
Welsh: Mae mathemateg yn cyfrannu at ddatblygu
English: It encourages learners to be creative because it requires them
Welsh: Mae'n annog dysgwyr i fod yn greadigol,
English: It also supports numerical modelling and forecasting to encourage entrepreneurial thinking.
Welsh: Mae hefyd yn ategu gwaith modelu a rhagfynegi rhifyddol er mwyn annog ffordd o feddwl entrepreneuraidd.
English: Mathematics promotes
Welsh: Mae mathemateg yn hyrwyddo
English: It encourages clarity of thinking, allowing learners to understand and make reasoned decisions.
Welsh: Mae'n annog meddwl clir, gan alluogi dysgwyr i ddeall a gwneud penderfyniadau rhesymedig.
English: In mathematics and numeracy, learners encounter contexts involving health and personal ﬁnance, and develop the skills needed to manage their own ﬁnances, make informed decisions and
Welsh: Mewn mathemateg a rhifedd, daw dysgwyr ar draws cyd-destunau sy'n cynnwys iechyd a chyllid personol, a byddant yn datblygu'r sgiliau i reoli eu cyllid eu hunain, gwneud penderfyniadau gwybodus a dod yn ddefnyddwyr beirniadol.
English: They learn to interpret information and data to assess risk, and they use their numeracy skills across the curriculum to make effective choices, becoming
Welsh: Maent yn dysgu sut i ddehongli gwybodaeth a data er mwyn asesu risg, ac maent yn defnyddio eu sgiliau rhifedd ar draws y cwricwlwm er mwyn gwneud dewisiadau effeithiol, gan ddod yn
English: WHAT MATTERS STATEMENTS FOR MATHEMATICS AND NUMERACY
Welsh: DATGANIADAU O'R HYN SY'N BWYSIG
English: Numbers are the symbol system for describing and comparing quantities.
Welsh: Rhifau yw'r system o symbolau ar gyfer disgriﬁo a chymharu meintiau.
English: This is the
Welsh: Dyma'r cysyniad
English: In mathematics the number system provides a basis for
Welsh: Ym mathemateg, mae'r system rifo'n sail i resymu o ran algebra, ystadegau, tebygolrwydd a geometreg, yn ogystal ag o ran cyfrifo ariannol a gwneud penderfyniadau.
English: Knowledge of, and competence in, number and quantities are fundamental to
Welsh: Mae gwybodaeth a gallu ym maes rhifau a meintiau yn hanfodol ar gyfer cyfrannu i'r byd,
English: Computational ﬂuency is essential for problem-solving and progressing
Welsh: Mae rhuglder o ran cyfriﬁannu yn allweddol i ddatrys problemau a gwneud cynnydd ym mhob maes dysgu a phroﬁad.
English: Fluency is developed through using the four basic arithmetic operations and acquiring an understanding of the relationship between them.
Welsh: Datblygir
English: Algebra uses symbol systems to express the structures of relationships between numbers, quantities and relations.
Welsh: Mae algebra yn defnyddio systemau symbolau i fynegistrwythurau'r perthnasau rhwng rhifau, meintiau a chydberthnasau.
English: Algebra is the study of structures abstracted from computations and relations, and provides a way to make generalisations.
Welsh: Mae algebra yn astudio'r strwythurau sydd ymhlyg mewn cyfriﬁannau a chydberthnasau,
English: Algebraic thinking moves away from context to structure and relationships.
Welsh: Mae meddwl algebraidd yn symud o'r cyd-destun i'r strwythur a'r perthnasau.
English: This powerful approach provides the means to abstract important features and to detect and express mathematical structures of situations in order to solve problems.
Welsh: Mae'r dull gweithredu pwerus hwn yn cynnig ffordd o gyrraedd at nodweddion pwysig ac o ganfod a mynegi strwythurau mathemategol sefyllfaoedd,gyda'r nod o ddatrys problemau.
English: Algebra is a unifying thread running through the fabric of mathematics.
Welsh: Mae algebra yn rhedeg fel llinyn cyd-gysylltiol drwy frethyn mathemateg i gyd.
English: Algebraic thinking is essential for reasoning, modelling and solving problems in mathematics and
Welsh: Mae meddwl algebraidd yn hanfodol er mwyn rhesymu, modelu a datrys problemau mewn mathemateg ac mewn amrywiaeth eang o gyd-destunau go iawn, gan gynnwys technoleg a chyllid.
English: Making connections
Welsh: Mae gwneud y cysylltiadau rhwng rhifyddeg ac algebra yn meithrin sgiliau ar gyfer rhesymu haniaethol o oedran cynnar.
English: Geometry focuses on relationships involving properties of shape, space and position, and measurement focuses on quantifying phenomena in the physical world.
Welsh: Mae geometreg yn canolbwyntio ar berthnasau sy'n ymwneud â phriodweddau siâp, gofod a saﬂe, ac mae mesur yn canolbwyntio ar feintioli ffenomena yn y byd fﬁsegol.
English: Geometry involves playing with, manipulating, comparing, naming and classifying shapes and structures.
Welsh: Mae geometreg yn ymwneud â chwarae â siapiau a strwythurau, eu trin, eu cymharu, eu henwi a'u dosbarthu.
English: The study of geometry encourages the development and use of conjecture, deductive reasoning and proof.
Welsh: Mae astudio geometreg yn annog dysgwyr i ddatblygu a defnyddio dulliau dyfalu, rhesymu diddwythol a phrawf.
English: Measurement allows the magnitude
Welsh: Mae mesur yn golygu y gellir meintioli graddau nodweddion gofodol a haniaethol, gan ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o unedau safonol ac ansafonol, a gall ategu'r broses o ddatblygu dulliau rhesymu rhifyddol.