techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: Measurement allows the magnitude of spatial and abstract features to be quantified, using a variety of standard and
Welsh: Mae mesur yn golygu y gellir meintioli nodweddion gofodol a haniaethol, gan ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o unedau safonol ac
English: Reasoning about the sizes and properties of shapes and their surrounding spaces helps learners to make sense of the physical world and the world of mathematical shapes.
Welsh: Mae rhesymu ynghylch meintiau a phriodweddau siapiau a'r gofod o'u hamgylch yn cynnig modd i ddysgwyr wneud synnwyr o'r byd fﬁsegol a byd siapiau mathemategol.
English: Geometry and measurement have applications in many fields, including art, construction, science and technology, engineering, and astronomy.
Welsh: Gellir cymhwyso geometreg a mesur mewn sawl maes, gan gynnwys celf, adeiladu, gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg, peirianneg, a seryddiaeth.
English: Statistics represent data, probability models chance, and both support informed inferences and decisions.
Welsh: Mae ystadegau yn cynrychioli data, mae tebygolrwydd yn modelu siawns, ac mae'r ddau yn cefnogi casgliadau a phenderfyniadau gwybodus.
English: Statistics is the practice of collecting, manipulating and analysing data, allowing representation and generalisation of information.
Welsh: Ystadegaeth yw'r arfer o gasglu, trin a dadansoddi data er mwyn gallu cynrychioli a chyffredinoli gwybodaeth.
English: Probability is the mathematical study of chance, enabling predictions of the likelihood of events occurring.
Welsh: Tebygolrwydd yw'r broses fathemategol o astudio siawns, er mwyn gallu rhagfynegi'r tebygrwydd y bydd rhywbeth yn digwydd.
English: Statistics and probability rely on the application and manipulation of number and algebra.
Welsh: Mae ystadegaeth a thebygolrwydd yn dibynnu ar gymhwyso a thrin rhifau ac algebra.
English: Managing data and representing information effectively provide learners with the means to test hypotheses, draw conclusions and make predictions.
Welsh: Mae rheoli data a chynrychioli gwybodaeth yn effeithiol yn cynnig ffordd o broﬁ rhagdybiaethau, dod i gasgliadau a gwneud rhagfynegiadau.
English: The process of reasoning with statistics and probability, and evaluating their reliability, develops critical thinking and analytical skills that are fundamental to enabling learners to make ethical and informed decisions.
Welsh: Mae rhesymu gan ddefnyddio ystadegau a thebygolrwydd, a gwerthuso pa mor ddibynadwy ydyn nhw, yn meithrin y sgiliau dadansoddi a meddwl beirniadol sy'n hollbwysig wrth wneud penderfyniadau egwyddorol a gwybodus.
English: In the Mathematics and Numeracy Area of Learning and Experience (Area), the model of progression is based on the development of five interdependent proficiencies, outlined below.
Welsh: Ym Maes Dysgu a Phrofiad Mathemateg a Rhifedd (Maes), mae'r model cynnydd yn seiliedig ar ddatblygu'r pum hyfedredd rhyngddibynnol, a amlinellir isod.
English: This model of progression can be considered as both longitudinal and cross-sectional.
Welsh: Gellir ystyried bod y model cynnydd hwn yn hydredol ac yn drawstoriadol.
English: To ensure progress in any mathematics learning, proficiencies should be developed and connected in time and should also develop over time.
Welsh: Er mwyn sicrhau cynnydd unrhyw ddysgu mewn mathemateg, dylid datblygu a chysylltu hyfedreddau ar yr un adeg, a dylid eu datblygu dros amser hefyd.
English: Each proficiency may relate to multiple principles, and these are set out below.
Welsh: Gall pob hyfedredd ymwneud â nifer o egwyddorion, ac mae'r egwyddorion wedi'u nodi isod.
English: The following interdependent proficiencies have been used in developing the descriptions of learning and are central to progression at each stage of mathematics learning.
Welsh: Defnyddiwyd y hyfedreddau rhyngddibynnol canlynol wrth ddatblygu'r disgrifiadau dysgu ac maen nhw'n ganolog i gynnydd ar bob cam o ddysgu mathemateg.
English: Numeracy involves applying and connecting these proficiencies in a range of real-life contexts, across the curriculum.
Welsh: Mae rhifedd yn ymwneud â chymhwyso a chysylltu'r hyfedreddau hyn mewn amrywiaeth o gyd-destunau bywyd go iawn, ar draws y cwricwlwm.
English: Mathematical concepts and ideas should be built on, deepened and connected as learners experience increasingly complex mathematical ideas.
Welsh: Dylid adeiladu ar gysyniadau a syniadau mathemategol, a'u dyfnhau a'u cysylltu wrth i ddysgwyr gael profiad o syniadau mathemategol cynyddol gymhleth.
English: Learners demonstrate conceptual understanding through being able to explain and express concepts, find examples (or
Welsh: Mae dysgwyr yn dangos dealltwriaeth gysyniadol drwy allu esbonio a mynegi cysyniadau, dod o hyd i enghreifftiau (neu
English: An increasing breadth of knowledge is achieved through the learners being introduced to new mathematical concepts, and depth of knowledge is achieved through learners being able to represent, connect and apply a concept in different ways and in different situations.
Welsh: Mae ehangder gwybodaeth yn cynyddu drwy gyflwyno'r dysgwyr i gysyniadau mathemategol newydd, a cheir dyfnder gwybodaeth drwy sicrhau bod dysgwyr yn gallu cynrychioli a chymhwyso cysyniad, a chysylltu ag ef, mewn ffyrdd gwahanol ac mewn sefyllfaoedd gwahanol.
English: The concepts that learners are introduced to will become increasingly complex, and understanding the way in which concepts connect will contribute to a growing understanding of the ideas within this Area.
Welsh: Caiff dysgwyr eu cyflwyno i gysyniadau cynyddol gymhleth, a bydd deall y ffordd y mae cysyniadau yn cysylltu yn cyfrannu at ddealltwriaeth gynyddol o'r syniadau yn y Maes hwn.
English: An understanding of how mathematical concepts underpin learning help learners make connections and transfer learning into new contexts.
Welsh: Mae deall sut y mae cysyniadau mathemategol yn ategu'r dysgu yn helpu dysgwyr i greu cysylltiadau a throsglwyddo'r dysgu i gyd-destunau newydd.
English: Learners should understand that the symbols they are using are abstract
Welsh: Dylai dysgwyr ddeall bod y symbolau y maen nhw'n eu defnyddio yn gynrychioliadau haniaethol a dylen nhw ddatblygu mwy o hyblygrwydd wrth gymhwyso a thrin amrywiaeth gynyddol o symbolau, gan ddeall confensiynau'r symbolau y maen nhw'n eu defnyddio.
English: The introduction and application of a new concept will involve developing an understanding of how symbols or expressions are abstract representations that succinctly describe a range of situations, thus contributing to a growing understanding of the nature of mathematics.
Welsh: Bydd cyflwyno a chymhwyso cysyniad newydd yn ymwneud â meithrin dealltwriaeth o'r ffordd y mae symbolau neu fynegiannau yn gynrychioliadau haniaethol sy'n disgrifio amrywiaeth o sefyllfaoedd yn gynnil, a thrwy hynny'n cyfrannu at ddealltwriaeth gynyddol o natur mathemateg.
English: The introduction of new symbols will add to the breadth of knowledge and the communication with symbols will contribute to refinement and growing sophistication in the use and application of skills.
Welsh: Bydd cyflwyno symbolau newydd yn ychwanegu at ehanger gwybodaeth a bydd cyfathrebu gan ddefnyddio symbolau yn cyfrannu at fireinio sgiliau a soffistigeiddrwydd cynyddol wrth eu defnyddio a'u cymhwyso.
English: As learners experience, understand and effectively apply increasingly complex concepts and relationships, fluency in remembering facts, relationships and techniques should grow, meaning that facts, relationships and techniques learned previously should become firmly established, memorable and usable.Development of fluency and accuracy reflects the refinement and a growing sophistication in the use and application of skills.
Welsh: Dylai dysgwyr ddod yn gynyddol annibynnol wrth gydnabod a chymhwyso'r strwythurau a'r syniadau mathemategol sylfaenol mewn problem, er mwyn datblygu strategaethau i allu eu datrys.Mae adnabod strwythur mathemategol mewn problem a ffurfio problemau yn fathemategol er mwyn gallu eu datrys yn dibynnu ar ddealltwriaeth o'r syniadau a'r disgyblaethau yn y meysydd dysgu a phrofiad, ochr yn ochr â dyfnder gwybodaeth.
English: As learners experience increasingly complex concepts, they should also develop an understanding of the relationships between and within these concepts.
Welsh: Wrth i ddysgwyr gael profiad o gysyniadau cynyddol gymhleth, dylen nhw hefyd feithrin dealltwriaeth o'r perthnasoedd rhwng y cysyniadau hyn ac oddi mewn iddyn nhw.
English: They should apply logical reasoning about these relationships and be able to justify and prove them.
Welsh: Dylen nhw gymhwyso rhesymu rhesymegol ynghylch y perthnasoedd hyn a gallu eu cyfiawnhau a'u profi.
English: Justifications and
Welsh: Dylai'r cyfiawnhad a'r
English: Refinement and growing sophistication in the use and application of skills will be demonstrated through the application of increasingly sophisticated logical reasoning.
Welsh: Caiff y broses o fireinio sgiliau a soffistigeiddrwydd cynyddol wrth eu defnyddio a'u cymhwyso eu dangos drwy gymhwyso rhesymu rhesymegol cynyddol soffistigedig.
English: The development of an understanding of relationships between mathematical concepts and the development of justifications and proofs, leads to a growing understanding of the nature of mathematics and helps learners make connections and transfer learning into new contexts.
Welsh: Mae meithrin dealltwriaeth o'r perthnasoedd rhwng cysyniadau mathemategol a'r broses o ddatblygu cyfiawnhad a phrawf yn arwain at ddealltwriaeth gynyddol o natur mathemateg ac yn helpu dysgwyr i greu cysylltiadau a throsglwyddo'r dysgu i gyd-destunau newydd.
English: The development of justifications and proof help support the increasing effectiveness of learners.
Welsh: Mae'r broses o ddatblygu cyfiawnhad a phrawf yn helpu i gefnogi dysgwyr i fod yn gynyddol effeithiol.
English: I have experienced and explored numbers, including
Welsh: Rwyf wedi cael profiad o rifau a'u harchwilio mewn amgylcheddau sy'n llawn rhifau, dan do ac yn yr awyr agored, gan gael profiad o rai
English: I can notice, recognise and write numbers in a range of media, through a multisensory approach, from 0 to 10 and beyond.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu sylwi ar rifau, eu hadnabod a'u hysgrifennu mewn amrywiaeth o gyfryngau, trwy ddull aml-synhwyrol, o 0 i 10 a heibio i hynny.
English: I can use mathematical language to describe quantities, and to make estimates and comparisons
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio iaith fathemategol i ddisgrifio meintiau, i wneud amcangyfrifon a chymariaethau megis 'yn fwy na', 'yn llai na', 'yn hafal i'.
English: I have experienced the counting sequence of numbers in different ways, reciting forwards and backwards, and starting at different points.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi cael proﬁad o gyfrif dilyniant o rifau, a hynny mewn gwahanol ffyrdd, gan gyfrif ymlaen ac yn ôl, a chan ddechrau ar wahanol rifau.
English: I can use my experience of the counting sequence of numbers and of
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio fy mhroﬁad o gyfrif dilyniant o rifau a
English: I can count objects that I can touch, and ones that I cannot.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cyfrif gwrthrychau y gallaf eu cyffwrdd, a'r rhai na allaf.
English: I can read, write and interpret larger numbers, up to at least 1000, using digits and words.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu darllen, ysgrifennu a dehongli rhifau sy'n fwy, hyd at 1000 o leiaf, gan ddefnyddio digidau a geiriau.
English: I can understand that the value of a number can be determined by the position of the digits.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu deall y gellir penderfynu ar werth rhif ar sail saﬂe'r digidau a ddefnyddir.
English: I have engaged in practical tasks to estimate and round numbers to the nearest 10 and 100.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi ymgymryd â thasgau ymarferol i amcangyfrif a thalgrynnu rhifau i'r 10 neu'r 100 agosaf.
English: I am beginning to estimate and check the accuracy of my answers, using
Welsh: Rwy'n dechrau amcangyfrif a gwirio cywirdeb fy atebion gan ddefnyddio gweithrediadau
English: I can order and sequence numbers, including odd and even numbers, and I can count on and back
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu trefnu a dilyniannu rhifau, gan gynnwys odrifau ac eilrifau, ac rwy'n gallu cyfrif ymlaen ac yn ôl mewn camau unffurf unrhyw
English: I can use a range of representations to develop and secure my understanding that the value of a digit is related to its position.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio amrywiaeth o gynrychioliadau i ddatblygu a chadarnhau fy nealltwriaeth fod gwerth digid yn ymwneud â'i safle.
English: I can read, record and interpret numbers, using figures and words up to at least one million.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu darllen, ysgrifennu a dehongli rhifau, gan ddefnyddio fﬁgurau a geiriau hyd at ﬁliwn, o leiaf.
English: I can use a range of representations to extend my understanding of the number system to include negative values, decimals and fractions.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio amywiaeth o gynrychioliadau i ymestyn fy nealltwriaeth o'r system rifau, gan gynnwys gwerthoedd negatif, degolion a ffracsiynau.
English: I can accurately place
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu gosod
English: I can apply my understanding of number value to round and approximate appropriately.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cymhwyso'r hyn rwy'n ei wybod am werth rhif er mwyn talgrynnu ac amcangyfrif lle bo'n addas.
English: I can use standard index form to
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio ffurf indecs safonol i gynrychioli rhifau mawr a bach ac i wneud cyfriﬁadau mewn cyd-destun.
English: I can use appropriate rounding methods, including
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio dulliau talgrynnu addas, gan gynnwys
English: I can use my knowledge that measurements are not always accurate, and are subject to
Welsh: Er mwyn datrys problemau yn ymwneud â ffiniau uchaf ac isaf, rwy'n gallu defnyddio fy ngwybodaeth nad yw mesuriadau bob amser yn gywir, a bod rhaid ystyried
English: I am beginning to understand that
Welsh: Rwy'n dechrau deall bod
English: I have experienced fractions in practical situations, using a variety of representations.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi cael proﬁad o ffracsiynau mewn sefyllfaoedd ymarferol gan ddefnyddio amrywiaeth o gynrychioliadau.
English: I have explored equivalent fractions and understand equivalent fraction relationships.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi archwilio ffracsiynau cywerth ac rwy'n deall perthnasoedd ffracsiynau cywerth.
English: I can demonstrate my understanding that non-integer quantities can be represented using fractions (including fractions greater than 1), decimals and percentages.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dangos fy nealltwriaeth y gellir cynrychioli meintiau nad ydyn nhw'n gyfanrifau gan ddefnyddio ffracsiynau (gan gynnwys ffracsiynau sy'n fwy nag 1) degolion a chanrannau.
English: I can use my knowledge of equivalence to compare the size of simple fractions, decimals and percentages and I can convert between representations.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio fy ngwybodaeth o gywerthedd i gymharu maint ffracsiynau syml, degolion a chanrannau ac rwy'n gallu newid rhwng cynrychioliadau.
English: I can demonstrate my understanding that a fraction can be used as an
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu arddangos fy nealltwriaeth y gellir defnyddio ffracsiwn fel
English: I can understand the
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu deall y berthynas
English: I can use my knowledge of the equivalence of fractions, decimals and percentages to understand that numbers or proportions may be represented in different ways.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio fy ngwybodaeth o gywerthedd ffracsiynau, degolion a chanrannau i ddeall y gellir cynrychioli rhifau neu gyfrannau mewn gwahanol ffyrdd.
English: I have derived and can apply the rules of indices, using
Welsh: Rwyf wedi deillio a chymhwyso rheolau indecsau gan ddefnyddio
English: I can recognise the difference between rational and irrational numbers, and I have derived rules and applied them to simplify and decompose surds.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu adnabod y gwahaniaeth rhwng rhifau cymarebol a rhai anghymarebol, ac wedi deillio rheolau a'u cymhwyso i symleiddio a dadelfennu syrdiau.
English: I can extend my knowledge of the equivalence of fractions, decimals and percentages to understand that
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu ymestyn fy ngwybodaeth o gywerthedd ffracsiynau, degolion a chanrannau er mwyn deall y gellir cynrychioli
English: I have explored the relationship between powers, roots and fractional indices
Welsh: Rwyf wedi archwilio'r berthynas rhwng pwerau, israddau ac indecsau ffracsiynol, ac yn gallu defnyddio hyn i ddatrys problemau.
English: I have explored forming a quantity in different ways, using combinations of objects or quantities.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi archwilio ffurfio maint mewn gwahanol ffyrdd, gan ddefnyddio cyfuniadau o wrthrychau neu feintiau.
English: I can communicate how sets change when objects are added to and taken away from them.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu mynegi sut mae setiau yn newid pan gaiff gwrthrychau eu hychwanegu atynt a'u tynnu oddi wrthynt.
English: I have experienced grouping and sharing with objects and quantities, and I can group or share small quantities into equal-sized groups.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi cael proﬁad o grwpio a rhannu gyda gwrthrychau a meintiau, ac rwy'n gallu grwpio neu rannu meintiau bychain i grwpiau hafal eu maint.
English: I have explored
Welsh: Rwyf wedi archwilio
English: I can add and subtract
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu adio a thynnu
English: I can use my understanding of multiplication to recall some multiplication facts and tables starting with tables 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10 and I can use the term 'multiples'.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio fy ngwybodaeth o luosi i gofio rhai ffeithiau ynghylch lluosi a thablau gan ddechrau gyda thablau 2, 3, 4, 5 a 10, ac rwy'n gallu defnyddio'r term 'lluosrifau'.
English: I have explored and can use my understanding of
Welsh: Rwyf wedi archwilio ac yn gallu defnyddio fy nealltwriaeth o
English: I can verify calculations and statements about number by
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu gwirio cyfriﬁadau a datganiadau am rifau, drwy resymu
English: I can use the four arithmetic operations confidently, efficiently and accurately with
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio'r pedwar gweithrediad rhifyddeg gyda
English: I have extended my understanding of
Welsh: Rwyf wedi datblygu fy nealltwriaeth o resymu
English: I can fluently recall multiplication facts up to at least 10 x 10 and use these to derive related facts.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cyfleu ffeithiau am luosi yn rhugl, hyd at o leiaf 10 x 10, a defnyddio'r rhain i feddwl am ffeithiau cysylltiedig.
English: I have experienced and explored simple multiplicative relationships that allow me to discuss the properties of number, including factors, multiples, prime and square numbers.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi cael profiad o berthnasoedd lluosol syml a'u harchwilio sy'n fy ngalluogi i drafod priodweddau rhif, gan gynnwys ffactorau, lluosrifau, rhifau cysefin a rhifau sgwâr.
English: I can fluently and accurately apply the four arithmetic operations in the correct order with
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cymhwyso'r pedwar gweithrediad rhifyddeg yn rhugl a chywir, a hynny yn y drefn gywir, o ran
English: I have used
Welsh: Rwyf wedi defnyddio
English: I have used money, and the language of money, in play and real-life situations and I can understand that I need to exchange money for items.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi defnyddio arian, ac iaith arian, mewn sefyllfaoedd chwarae a bywyd go iawn, ac rwy'n gallu deall bod angen i mi gyfnewid arian am eitemau.
English: I can understand the equivalence and value of coins and notes to make appropriate transactions in role play.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu deall cywerthedd a gwerth darnau arian ac arian papur i wneud trafodion priodol wrth chwarae rôl.
English: I can demonstrate an understanding of income and expenditure, and I can apply calculations to explore profit and loss.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dangos dealltwriaeth o incwm a gwariant, ac rwy'n gallu cymhwyso fy sgiliau cyfrifo i archwilio elw a cholled.
English: I can apply percentages and ratio to solve problems including simple and compound interest, appreciation and depreciation, calculating budgets, foreign currencies, and basic taxation on goods and services.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cymhwyso canrannau a chymhareb i ddatrys problemau gan gynnwys llog syml, adlog, arbrisiant, dibrisiant, cyfrifo cyllidebau, arian tramor a threth sylfaenol ar wasanaethau a nwyddau.
English: I have developed my understanding of finance in personal, local and global contexts.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi datblygu fy nealltwriaeth o gyllid mewn cyd-destun personol, lleol a byd-eang.
English: I have further developed my understanding of finance to include annual equivalent rate (AER) and annual percentage rate (APR) so that I can evaluate and compare financial products.
Welsh: Rwyf wedi dyfnhau fy nealltwriaeth ariannol gan gynnwys y gyfradd gywerth ﬂynyddol (AER) a'r gyfradd ganrannol ﬂynyddol (APR), er mwyn gwerthuso a chymharu cynnyrch ariannol.
English: I can calculate income tax and understand the implications of taxation including using the Welsh rates of income tax and other taxes devolved to Wales.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cyfrifo treth incwm a deall goblygiadau trethiant gan gynnwys defnyddio cyfraddau treth incwm Cymru a threthi eraill sydd wedi eu datganoli i Gymru.
English: Algebra uses symbol systems to express the structure of mathematical relationships.
Welsh: Mae algebra yn defnyddio systemau symbolau i fynegi strwythur perthnasoedd mathemategol
English: I am beginning to recognise, copy, extend and generalise patterns and sequences around me.
Welsh: Rwy'n dechrau adnabod, copïo, ymestyn a chyffredinoli patrymau a dilyniannau o'm cwmpas.
English: I have explored patterns of numbers and shape.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu archwilio patrymau rhifau a siapiau.
English: I can recognise, copy and generate sequences of numbers and visual patterns.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu adnabod, copïo a chynhyrchu dilyniannau rhifau a phatrymau gweledol.
English: I can explore and create patterns of numbers and shapes.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu archwilio a chreu patrymau rhifau a siapiau.
English: I can explain numerical sequences and spatial patterns in words and by generalising them.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio dilyniannau rhifyddol a phatrymau gofodol mewn geiriau ac wrth eu cyffredinoli.
English: I can explore, generate, identify and represent both numerical and spatial
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu archwilio, creu, adnabod a chynrychioli dilyniannau
English: I can explore, generate, identify and represent both numerical and spatial patterns, using
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu archwilio, creu, adnabod a chynrychioli dilyniannau rhifyddol a gofodol, gan ddefnyddio dilyniannau
English: I am beginning to demonstrate, using objects, an understanding of the concepts of 'equal' and 'not equal'.
Welsh: Rwy'n dechrau dangos dealltwriaeth o gysyniadau 'hafal' a 'ddim yn hafal' gan ddefnyddio gwrthrychau.
English: I can use the equals sign to indicate that both sides of a number sentence have the same value and I can use
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio'r arwydd hafal i ddangos bod gan ddwy ochr brawddeg rhif yr un gwerth â'i gilydd, ac rwy'n gallu defnyddio arwyddion
English: I can demonstrate my understanding of the concept of a
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dangos fy nealltwriaeth o gysyniad
English: I can interpret algebraic expressions because I understand the way symbols are used to represent operations, multiples and powers.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dehongli mynegiadau algebraidd gan fy mod yn deall y ffordd y defnyddir symbolau i gynrychioli gweithrediadau, lluosrifau a phwerau.
English: I can explore the concepts of equality and
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu archwilio cysyniadau hafaledd ac
English: I can manipulate algebraic expressions fluently by simplifying, expanding, substituting and factorising by extracting a common factor.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu trin mynegiadau algebraidd yn rhugl drwy symleiddio, ehangu, tynnu a ffactorio drwy echdynnu ffactor cyffredin.
English: I can manipulate algebraic expressions fluently by expanding double brackets, factorising quadratic expressions and simplifying algebraic fractions.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu trin mynegiadau algebraidd yn rhugl drwy ymestyn cromfachau dwbl, ffactorio mynegiadau cwadratig a symleiddio ffracsiynau algebraidd.
English: I can find missing numbers when
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dod o hyd i rifau coll pan mae
English: I can demonstrate an understanding of the idea of input, application of a rule (including
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dangos dealltwriaeth o'r syniad o fewnbwn, cymhwyso rheol (gan gynnwys gweithrediadau