techiaith/bydtermcymru-tm-en-cy huggingface dataset:
English: I can select and use data structures that efficiently manage data in
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dewis a defnyddio strwythurau data sy'n rheoli data yn effeithlon mewn
English: I can plan and implement test strategies to identify errors in programs.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cynllunio a gweithredu strategaethau profi er mwyn adnabod gwallau mewn rhaglenni.
English: I can identify, define and decompose problems, choose appropriate constructs and express solutions in a variety of environments.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu nodi, diffinio a dadelfennu problemau, dewis lluniadau addas a mynegi datrysiadau mewn amrywiaeth o amgylcheddau.
English: I can use file-handling techniques to manipulate data in
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio technegau trafod ffeiliau i drin data mewn
English: I can test, evaluate and improve a solution in software.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu profi, gwerthuso a gwella datrysiadau mewn meddalwedd.
English: I can use sensors and actuators in systems that gather and process data about the systems' environment.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio synwyryddion ac ysgogyddion mewn systemau sy'n casglu a phrosesu data am amgylchedd y systemau.
English: I can identify positive and negative design elements that affect user interactions.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu nodi elfennau dylunio cadarnhaol a negyddol sy'n effeithio ar sut mae defnyddwyr yn rhyngweithio.
English: I can select and use multiple sensors and actuators that allow computer systems to interact with the world around them.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dethol a defnyddio nifer o synwyryddion ac ysgogyddion sy'n galluogi i systemau cyfrifiadurol ryngweithio gyda'r byd o'u cwmpas.
English: I can apply
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cymhwyso
English: I can design and create physical systems that use appropriate components and logic to complete tasks and achieve goals.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cynllunio a chreu systemau ffisegol sy'n defnyddio cydrannau addas a rhesymeg i gyflawni tasgu neu i gyrraedd at nod.
English: I can explain how digital devices can be interconnected locally and globally.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio sut y gellir rhyng-gysylltu dyfeisiau digidol yn lleol a byd-eang.
English: I can explain the importance of securing the technology I use and protecting the integrity of my data.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio pwysigrwydd diogelu'r dechnoleg rwy'n ei defnyddio a phwysigrwydd gwarchod safon fy nata.
English: I can explain how my data is used by services, which can help me make more informed decisions when using technology.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio sut mae fy nata yn cael eu defnyddio gan wasanaethau er mwyn fy helpu i wneud penderfyniadau mwy gwybodus wrth ddefnyddio technoleg.
English: I can explain how systems communicate, in order to design a network.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio sut mae systemau'n cyfathrebu, er mwyn dylunio rhwydwaith.
English: I can explain the techniques used to store and transfer data and understand their vulnerabilities.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio'r technegau a ddefnyddir i gadw a throsglwyddo data, a deall sut maen nhw'n agored i niwed.
English: I can build and test communication systems with the aim of safeguarding my own systems and data.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu adeiladu a phrofi systemau cyfathrebu gyda'r nod o warchod fy systemau a'm data fy hun.
English: I can explain how data is stored and processed.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu esbonio sut mae data yn cael ei storio a'i brosesu.
English: I can effectively store and manipulate data to produce and give a visual form to useful information.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu storio a thrin data yn effeithiol er mwyn cynhyrchu a dangos gwybodaeth ddefnyddiol yn weledol.
English: I can choose the most appropriate format for the storage and interrogation of data.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu dewis y ffurf fwyaf addas o gadw data a'u harchwilio.
English: I can make use of mathematical and logical operators in different software tools to investigate a line of inquiry independently.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu defnyddio gweithredyddion mathemategol a rhesymegol o fewn gwahanol feddalwedd er mwyn archwilio trywydd ymholi yn annibynnol.
English: I can apply computational techniques to interrogate data sets in order to produce useful insight.
Welsh: Rwy'n gallu cymhwyso technegau cyfrifiadurol i archwilio setiau data er mwyn cael gwybodaeth ddefnyddiol ohonyn nhw.
English: This provides specific guidance when incorporating learning in science and technology in your curriculum.
Welsh: Mae hyn yn rhoi arweiniad penodol i'w ddefnyddio wrth ymgorffori dysgu o fewn gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yn eich cwricwlwm.
English: A curriculum must embed the mandatory cross-curricular skills and the integral skills which underpin the
Welsh: Rhaid i gwricwlwm ymwreiddio'r sgiliau trawsgwricwlaidd gorfodol a'r sgiliau cyfannol sy'n sail i
English: The following are some key principles which settings/schools should consider when designing learning and teaching in the Science and Technology Area of Learning and Experience (Area).
Welsh: Mae'r canlynol yn rhai egwyddorion allweddol y dylai lleoliadau ac ysgolion eu hystyried wrth gynllunio dysgu ac addysgu ym Maes Dysgu a Phrofiad Gwyddoniaeth a Thechnoleg (Maes).
English: Learners' knowledge and use of scientific and technical vocabulary is essential in developing understanding of important ideas and concepts within this Area.
Welsh: Mae gwybodaeth a defnydd dysgwyr o eirfa wyddonol a thechnegol yn hanfodol i ddatblygu deallusrwydd o syniadau a chysyniadau pwysig o fewn y Maes hwn.
English: Settings and schools can help learners to develop use of a range of specialist vocabulary, understand the origin of these terms and use them naturally from an early age.
Welsh: Gall lleoliadau ac ysgolion fod o gymorth i ddysgwyr ddatblygu defnydd o ystod o eirfa arbenigol, deall tarddiad y termau hyn a'u defnyddio'n naturiol o oedran cynnar.
English: Numeracy skills are important in deepening learners' practical understanding of scientific and technological concepts, including recognition of the mathematical foundations of the underlying disciplines.
Welsh: Mae sgiliau rhifedd yn bwysig wrth ddyfnhau dealltwriaeth ymarferol dysgwyr o gysyniadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol, gan gynnwys cydnabyddiaeth o sail fathemategol y disgyblaethau sylfaenol.
English: Settings and schools can help learners develop effective numeracy skills, including those to design and measure,
Welsh: Gall lleoliadau ac ysgolion fod o gymorth i ddysgwyr ddatblygu sgiliau rhifedd effeithiol, gan gynnwys rhai ar gyfer dylunio a mesur,
English: This Area provides a range of opportunities to develop a diverse set of digital competencies, recognising their cross-curricular nature and application.
Welsh: Mae'r Maes hwn yn cynnig ystod o gyfleoedd i ddatblygu casgliad amrywiol o gymwyseddau digidol gan gydnabod eu natur a'u cymhwysiad trawsgwricwlaidd.
English: Contributions in this Area can include capturing and interrogating data, recognising and evaluating computational processes, designing and expressing learners' thinking using digital devices and systems.
Welsh: Gall cyfraniadau yn y Maes hwn gynnwys cipio ac archwilio data, adnabod a gwerthuso prosesau cyfrifiadurol, dylunio a mynegi meddwl dysgwyr gan ddefnyddio dyfeisiau a systemau digidol.
English: Learners' use of a range of digital technologies and software applications is also implicit in a number of the descriptions of learning in this Area, which complement similar opportunities to develop these skills in other Areas.
Welsh: Mae defnydd dysgwyr o ystod o dechnolegau digidol a rhaglenni meddalwedd hefyd ymhlyg mewn nifer o'r disgrifiadau dysgu yn y Maes hwn, sy'n ategu cyfleoedd tebyg i ddatblygu'r sgiliau hyn mewn meysydd eraill.
English: Therefore, when designing their curriculum, settings/schools should consider how and when the ability to use these should be taught, building on prior learning.
Welsh: Felly, wrth gynllunio eu cwricwlwm, dylai lleoliadau ac ysgolion ystyried sut a phryd y dylid dysgu'r gallu i ddefnyddio'r rhain, gan adeiladu ar ddysgu blaenorol.
English: In this Area schools can foster these skills through
Welsh: O fewn y Maes hwn gall ysgolion ddatblygu'r sgiliau hyn trwy annog y dysgwyr i fod yn chwilfrydig ac ymholgar am y byd ffisegol a digidol, gan fod o gymorth i ddysgwyr gwestiynu neu herio gwybodaeth wedi'i sefydlu eisoes er mwyn dyfnhau eu dealltwriaeth eu hunain. Bydd hyn yn cynnig sail i ddatblygu cynnyrch a gweithredoedd yn dangos menter.
English: This enables learners to tackle misconceptions within this Area, and deeper conceptual understanding, greater independence and self-regulation, and stronger inquiry skills.
Welsh: Mae hyn yn galluogi dysgwyr i fynd i'r afael â chamdybiaethau o fewn y Maes hwn, ac yn galluogi dealltwriaeth gysyniadol ddyfnach, mwy o annibyniaeth a hunanreoleiddio, a sgiliau ymchwilio cryfach.
English: Problem-solving is a key driver in the design and engineering of innovative solutions.
Welsh: Mae datrys problemau yn sbardun allweddol wrth ddylunio a pheiriannu datrysiadau arloesol.
English: These skills can be enhanced through reflection on scientific and technological processes and developments.
Welsh: Gellir dyfnhau'r sgiliau hyn trwy fyfyrio ar brosesau a datblygiadau gwyddonol a thechnolegol.
English: Learners' understanding of the world around them can help them work towards purposeful outcomes while developing resilience and perseverance, where failure is seen as a stepping stone to success.
Welsh: Gall dealltwriaeth y dysgwyr am y byd o'u hamgylch fod o gymorth iddyn nhw weithio tuag at ganlyniadau pwrpasol tra'n datblygu gwydnwch a dyfalbarhad, lle mae methu'n cael ei gyfri fel cam tuag at lwyddo.
English: In scientific and technological processes these skills can
Welsh: Mewn prosesau gwyddonol a thechnolegol gall y sgiliau hyn alluogi dysgwyr i ddod yn gynyddol annibynnol wrth ddatblygu eu syniadau, gweithredu datrysiadau, a monitro a myfyrio ar ganlyniadau
English: The six statements of what matters for this Area do not align exactly with traditional subject areas, however aspects of the traditional science and technology subjects can be identified throughout the Area.
Welsh: Nid yw'r chwe datganiad o'r hyn sy'n bwysig yn y Maes hwn yn cyfateb yn union i'r meysydd pynciau traddodiadol. Er hyn, gellir adnabod agweddau o'r pynciau traddodiadol gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg trwy'r holl Faes.
English: The statement of what matters about being curious and searching for answers should be contextualised throughout the whole Area.
Welsh: Dylid cyd-destunoli'r datganiad o'r
English: When considering scientific inquiry, the
Welsh: Yn ychwanegol at hyn, wrth ystyried ymchwiliad gwyddonol mae'r
English: In addition, the statement of what matters about design and engineering gives opportunities to apply learning expressed in the other five statements of what matters in order to find scientific and technological solutions. Key principles when designing your curriculum for this
Welsh: Hefyd mae'r datganiad o'r hyn sy'n bwysig ynghylch dylunio a pheirianneg yn cynnig cyfleoedd i gymhwyso dysgu sy'n cael ei fynegi yn y pum datganiad arall o'r hyn sy'n bwysig er mwyn dod o hyd i atebion gwyddonol a thechnolegol. Egwyddorion allweddol wrth gynllunio eich cwricwlwm ar gyfer y Maes hwn
English: Breadth of learning in science and technology is fundamentally interlinked with and complementary to developing depth of understanding.
Welsh: Mae ehangder dysgu mewn gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg yn sylfaenol gysylltiedig â datblygu dyfnder deallusrwydd, ac mae'r naill yn cefnogi'r llall.
English: "Breadth and specialisation doesn't mean breadth is lost in the latter understanding a lot about trees is essential to understand forests" (Wineburg, S., 1997).
Welsh: "Nid yw ehanger ac arbenigo yn golygu colli ehangder wrth arbenigo mae deall llawer am goed yn hanfodol i ddeall coedwigoedd." (Wineburg, S., 1997).
English: Depth of knowledge enables learners to more independently transfer their learning to new contexts, thus enhancing their breadth of understanding.
Welsh: Mae dyfnder gwybodaeth yn galluogi dysgwyr i drosglwyddo'r hyn a ddysgir i gyd-destunau newydd, a hynny'n annibynnol. Trwy hyn bydd ehangder eu dealltwriaeth yn dyfnhau ymhellach.
English: That is why the statements of what matters in this Area have been designed with strong interdependencies, and should not be considered separately in school curriculum design and planning.
Welsh: Dyna pam mae'r datganiadau o'r hyn sy'n bwysig yn y Maes hwn wedi cael eu dylunio gyda rhyngddibyniaethau cadarn, ac ni ddylid eu hystyried ar wahân wrth gynllunio cwricwlwm yr ysgol.
English: Developing a range of partnerships and engaging with science and technology professionals and experts, including but not limited to designers, scientists, engineers, computer scientists and craftspeople, can broaden experiences to deepen learners' understanding.
Welsh: Gall datblygu ystod o bartneriaethau, ac ymwneud â phobl broffesiynol ac arbenigwyr ym myd gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg, gan gynnwys ond heb gyfyngu i ddylunwyr, gwyddonwyr, peirianwyr, gwyddonwyr cyfrifiadurol a chrefftwyr, ehangu profiadau i ddyfnhau dealltwriaeth dysgwyr.
English: Seeking opportunities to collaborate with a range of experts and science and technology stakeholders when engaging in curriculum design and planning (including local industry and third sector organisations) can therefore be helpful to schools.
Welsh: Felly gall chwilio cyfleoedd i gydweithio gydag ystod o arbenigwyr a rhanddeiliaid gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg wrth ymwneud â dylunio a chynllunio'r cwricwlwm (gan gynnwys diwydiant lleol a sefydliadau trydydd sector) fod o gymorth i ysgolion.
English: Drawing on subject specialist expertise across schools to help inform curriculum design and development can also be explored.
Welsh: Gellir hefyd archwilio defnyddio arbenigedd pynciol ar draws ysgolion er mwyn llywio cynllunio a datblygu cwricwlwm.
English: The Area draws on the work of leading researchers in the field and the work of other organisations.
Welsh: Mae'r Maes hwn yn tynnu ar waith ymchwilwyr blaenllaw ym maes ac yng ngwaith sefydliadau eraill.
English: When designing and planning their curriculum, schools could specifically consider work on
Welsh: Wrth gynllunio eich cwricwlwm, gallai ysgolion ystyried yn benodol waith ar
English: When designing and planning the science and technology aspects of your curriculum schools should, where relevant, facilitate learning through active and practical
Welsh: Wrth gynllunio agweddau gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg eich cwricwlwm, lle bo'n briodol, dylai ysgolion hwyluso dysgu trwy
English: Practical learning experiences of a specific, thematic or
Welsh: Dylai profiadau dysgu ymarferol o natur benodol, thematig neu
English: The planned sequencing of science and technology learning and teaching should consider the development of the
Welsh: Wrth gynllunio dilyniant o fewn dysgu ac addysgu gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg dylid ystyried yr
English: Exploration and experience of the world through inquiry including fieldwork, investigating environments indoors and outdoors in a safe and systematic way, are crucial for all learners across the 3 to 16 continuum.
Welsh: Mae archwilio a phrofi'r byd trwy ymholi gan gynnwys gwaith maes, ymchwilio amgylcheddau dan do a thu allan mewn ffordd ddiogel a threfnus, yn allweddol i'r holl ddysgwyr ar draws y continwwm 3 i 16.
English: This can help build learners' understanding of different environmental issues and help them to learn to demonstrate care, responsibility, concern and respect for all living things and the environment in which we live.
Welsh: Gall hyn helpu adeiladu dealltwriaeth dysgwyr o wahanol faterion amgylcheddol a bod o gymorth iddyn nhw ddangos gofal, cyfrifoldeb, pryder a pharch tuag at bopeth byw a'r amgylchedd rydyn ni'n byw ynddo.
English: How can undertaking different types of inquiry, which builds scientific and technological procedural knowledge, also reinforce conceptual understanding?
Welsh: Sut y gall ymholiad sy'n atgyfnerthu dealltwriaeth gysyniadol, hefyd datblygu gwybodaeth weithredol?
English: How can you develop contextualised learning about physical, mathematical and conceptual
Welsh: Sut y gallwch ddatblygu dysgu cyd-destunol am
English: How will you approach consideration of the nature of scientific evidence, alongside the ethical implications and impact of science and technology on sustainability and the environment?
Welsh: Pa ddull fyddwch chi'n ei ddefnyddio i ystyried natur tystiolaeth wyddonol, ochr yn ochr â goblygiadau ac effaith gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg ar gynaladwyedd a'r amgylchedd?
English: How can you
Welsh: Sut y gallwch danio creadigrwydd ac arloesedd dysgwyr, tra'n datblygu cymhlethdodau dylunio a chreu?
English: How can you ensure that learners' ability to produce outcomes is developed as an integrated element of the curriculum?
Welsh: Sut y gallwch sicrhau bod gallu dysgwyr i gynhyrchu canlyniadau yn cael ei ddatblygu fel elfen gynhenid o'r cwricwlwm?
English: How can you support understanding of
Welsh: Sut y gallwch gefnogi dealltwriaeth o
English: How can learners' understanding of the structure and properties of materials be supported, alongside exploration of chemical
Welsh: Sut y gallwch gefnogi dealltwriaeth dysgwyr o strwythur a phriodweddau defnyddiau, yn ogystal ag ymchwiliad o
English: How can developing understanding of how materials can be extracted, refined and analysed be contextualised?
Welsh: Sut y gellir rhoi datblygiad dealltwriaeth sut mae echdynnu, puro a dadansoddi defnyddiau mewn cyd-destun?
English: How can the teaching of electricity,
Welsh: Sut y gall dysgu am drydan,
English: How can learning about space and the universe be used to support scientific conceptual understanding?
Welsh: Sut y gall dysgu am y gofod a'r bydysawd gael ei ddefnyddio i gefnogi dealltwriaeth wyddonol gysyniadol?
English: How can you put learning about the application of waves into context?
Welsh: Sut y gallwch roi dysgu am gymhwyso tonnau mewn cyd-destun?
English: How can learning about the design, development and application of technology, software and systems be explored across your school?
Welsh: Sut y gall dysgu am ddylunio, datblygu a chymhwyso technoleg, meddalwedd a systemau gael ei archwilio ar draws eich ysgol?
English: How will you capitalise on the learning in this Area to plan the development of learners' digital skills using a range of technology and software?
Welsh: Sut y byddwch chi'n manteisio ar y dysgu yn y Maes hwn er mwyn cynllunio datblygiad sgiliau digidol y dysgwyr gan ddefnyddio ystod o dechnoleg a meddalwedd?
English: Key contexts and experiences for this Area
Welsh: Cyd-destunau a phrofiadau allweddol yn y Maes hwn
English: These can be considered through three aspects of knowledge; procedural,
Welsh: Gellir ystyried rhain drwy dair agwedd o wybodaeth; trefniadol,
English: Developing knowledge on how to undertake science and technology activity (procedural) can be closely related to knowing about their value and place in society (epistemic) and, together, can be considered as aspects of learning 'about' science and technology.
Welsh: Gall datblygu gwybodaeth sut i ymgymryd â gweithgaredd gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg (trefniadol) berthyn yn agos i wybod am eu gwerth a'u safle mewn cymdeithas (epistemig) a chyda'i gilydd gallan nhw gael eu hystyried fel agweddau ar ddysgu 'am' wyddoniaeth a thechnoleg.
English: In particular, this learning can be seen in the statements of what matters relating to being curious and searching for answers, and design and engineering.
Welsh: Yn benodol, gellir gweld y dysgu hwn yn y datganiadau o'r hyn sy'n bwysig fel rhywbeth sy'n ymwneud â bod yn chwilfrydig a chwilio am atebion, a dylunio a pheirianneg.
English: While there are multiple inter-relationships, content knowledge (or learning 'of' science and technology) is expressed more directly in the other statements of what matters.
Welsh: Tra bod yna ryngberthnasau lluosog, mae gwybodaeth am gynnwys (neu ddysgu 'ynghylch' gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg) yn cael ei fynegi yn fwy uniongyrchol yn y datganiadau eraill o'r hyn sy'n bwysig.
English: different types of inquiry
Welsh: gwahanol fathau o ymchwiliad
English: A wide range of models are used in the Area including:
Welsh: Defnyddir ystod eang o fodelau yn y Maes hwn gan gynnwys:
English: representing interdependence, understanding nutrient cycles, abstract models of electrical currents, and computational processes
Welsh: cynrychioli rhyngddibyniaeth, deall cylchred maeth, modelau haniaethol o gerrynt trydanol, a phrosesau cyfrifiadurol
English: observing living things
Welsh: gwylio pethau byw
English: learning
Welsh: dysgu
English: at earlier steps through play, mixing materials and knowing that materials can change, and under certain conditions will react to form something new, as well as be combined to create new products
Welsh: trwy chwarae yn y camau cynharach, cymysgu defnyddiau a gwybod y gall defnyddiau newid, ac o dan rai amodau byddan nhw'n adweithio a ffurfio rhywbeth newydd, yn ogystal â chael eu cyfuno i greu cynhyrchion newydd
English: at later steps, different types of chemical
Welsh: yn y camau diweddarach, gellir archwilio gwahanol fathau o
English: neutralisation, oxidation, exothermic and endothermic reactions, as well as displacement and reduction
Welsh: niwtraliad, ocsideiddio, adweithiau ecsothermig ac endothermig, yn ogystal â dadleoliad a rhydwythiad
English: developing conceptual and
Welsh: datblygu
English: Failure and critical feedback are important experiences and learning to respond to these helps build resilience.
Welsh: Mae methiant ac ymateb beirniadol yn brofiadau pwysig ac mae dysgu ymateb i'r rhain yn gymorth i adeiladu gwydnwch.
English: developing
Welsh: datblygu
English: Experimenting with the simple refraction of light in early progression steps, for example, can build to understanding how microscopes and magnifying glasses function
Welsh: Gall arbrofi gyda phlygiant syml golau yn y camau cynharaf, er enghraifft, adeiladau dealltwriaeth sut mae microscopau a chwyddwydrau yn gweithio
English: using 'unplugged' activities throughout the 3 to 16 continuum
Welsh: defnyddio gweithgareddau 'di-blwg' trwy'r continwwm 3 i 16
English: Hands-on, practical
Welsh: Mae gweithgareddau ymarferol gydag ystod o offer a dyfeisiau yn arbennig o berthnasol ar gyfer dysgu egwyddorion rhaglennu a datblygu dealltwriaeth gysyniadol ddyfnach o gystrawen a lluniadau allweddol cyn gweithredu a chymhwyso
English: When designing digital artefacts learning can be explored that focuses on human-computer interaction and user-centred design (as expressed in the design and engineering statement of what matters).
Welsh: Wrth ddylunio arteffactau digidol gellir archwilio dysgu sy'n canolbwyntio ar ryngweithio dynol-gyfrifiadurol a dylunio sy'n ddefnyddiwr-ganolog (fel sy'n cael eu mynegi yn y datganiad o'r hyn sy'n bwysig sy'n ymwneud a dylunio a pheirianneg).
English: This includes current and past investigations, technological developments and, as learners progress, the role of data in evidence and how empirical evidence shapes ideas in science
Welsh: Mae hyn yn cynnwys ymchwiliadau yn y presennol a'r gorffennol, datblygiadau technolegol ac, wrth i ddysgwyr wneud cynnydd, rôl data mewn tystiolaeth, a sut mae tystiolaeth empirig yn llywio syniadau mewn gwyddoniaeth
English: the impact of science and technology
Welsh: effaith gwyddoniaeth a thechnoleg
English: Learners should have opportunities to debate the benefits and risks of technological and scientific development, building their understanding of the impact of human activity on different environments, and developing and evaluating strategies (including
Welsh: Dylai dysgwyr gael cyfleoedd i drafod manteision a pheryglon datblygiadau technolegol a gwyddonol, adeiladu eu dealltwriaeth o effaith gweithgarwch dynol ar wahanol amgylcheddau, a datblygu a gwerthuso strategaethau (gan gynnwys
English: Learners should learn about different models and how they can be used to solve problems, observe trends, explain and predict behaviours
Welsh: Dylai dysgwyr ddysgu am wahanol fodelau a sut y gallan nhw gael eu defnyddio i ddatrys problemau, gwylio tueddiadau, esbonio a rhagfynegi ymddygiad
English: how components can be combined
Welsh: sut y gellir cyfuno ac integreiddio cydrannau i gynhyrchu canlyniadau a gwella swyddogaethedd, gan gynnwys
English: designing technology
Welsh: technoleg dylunio