tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Associations of Diabetes and Prediabetes With Mortality and Life Expectancy in China: A National Study
Authors: Yunli Tian, Zixin Qiu, Feixue Wang, Shan Deng, Yue Wang, Zi Wang, Peng Yin, Yong Huo, Maigeng Zhou, Gang Liu, Kai Huang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the excess mortality and life-years lost associated with diabetes and prediabetes in China. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This national cohort study enrolled 135,405 participants aged 18 years or older from the general population in China. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate adjusted mortality rate ratio (RR). The life table method was used to estimate life expectancy. RESULTS Among the 135,405 participants, 10.5% had diabetes and 36.2% had prediabetes in 2013. During a median follow-up of 6 years, 5517 deaths were recorded, including 1428 and 2300 deaths among people with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. Diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause (diabetes: RR, 1.61 [95% CI 1.49, 1.73]; prediabetes: RR, 1.08 [95% CI 1.01, 1.15]), and cardiovascular disease (diabetes: RR, 1.59 [95% CI 1.41, 1.78]; prediabetes: RR, 1.10 [95% CI 1.00, 1.21]) mortality. Additionally, diabetes was significantly associated with increased risks of death resulting from cancer, respiratory disease, liver disease, and diabetic ketoacidosis or coma. Compared with participants with normoglycemia, life expectancy of those with diabetes and prediabetes was shorter, on average, by 4.2 and 0.7 years at age 40 years, respectively. The magnitude of the associations of diabetes and prediabetes with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality varied by age and residence. CONCLUSIONS In this national study, diabetes and prediabetes were significantly associated with reduced life expectancy and increased all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks. The disparities in excess mortality associated with diabetes and prediabetes between different ages and residences have implications for diabetes and prediabetes prevention and treatment programs.
Nutritional quality of diet characterized by the Nutri-Score profiling system and cardiovascular disease risk: a prospective study in 7 European countries
Authors: Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Inge Huybrechts, Chantal Julia, Serge Hercberg, Barthélémy Sarda, Morgane Fialon, Nathalie Arnault, Bernard Srour, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Léopold K Fezeu, Carine Biessy, Corinne Casagrande, Bertrand Hemon, Elisabete Weiderpass, Maria G M Pinho, Neil Murphy, Heinz Freisling, Pietro Ferrari, Anne Tjønneland, Kristina Elin Nielsen Petersen, Verena Katzke, Rudolf Kaaks, Matthias B Schulze, Giovanna Masala, Valeria Pala, Salvatore Panico, Fulvio Ricceri, W M Monique Verschuren, Jolanda M A Boer, Yvonne T van der Schouw, Guri Skeie, Antonio Agudo, Esther Molina-Montes, José María Huerta, Conchi Moreno-Iribas, Ulrika Ericson, Emily Sonestedt, Anna Strid, Viktor Oskarsson, Tammy Y N Tong, Alicia K Heath, Elom K Aglago, John Danesh, Elio Riboli, Marc J Gunter, Mathilde Touvier
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)
Naldemedine for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Jun Hamano, Takahiro Higashibata, Takaomi Kessoku, Shinya Kajiura, Mami Hirakawa, Shunsuke Oyamada, Keisuke Ariyoshi, Takeshi Yamada, Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Yasuyuki Takashima, Kosuke Doki, Masato Homma, Bryan J. Mathis, Tsumugi Jono, Tomoki Ogata, Kosuke Tanaka, Yuki Kasai, Michihiro Iwaki, Akiko Fuyuki, Atsushi Nakajima, Ryuji Hayashi, Takayuki Ando, Naoki Izawa, Yuko Kobayashi, Yoshiki Horie, Tatsuya Morita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE Opioid-induced constipation is the most frequent and non–self-limiting adverse effect of opioid analgesia, reducing adherence and interfering with pain relief. This clinical trial aimed to clarify the preventive effect of naldemedine versus placebo for constipation in patients with cancer starting regularly dosed strong opioids therapy. METHODS This multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, confirmatory trial was conducted between July 2021 and May 2023 at four academic hospitals in Japan (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: jRCTs031200397). Patients with cancer starting a first-time regularly dosed strong opioid for cancer pain and age 20+ years were included. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the naldemedine (Symproic 0.2 mg) or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio for 14 days with protocol treatment. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a Bowel Function Index (BFI) of &lt;28.8 on day 14. The secondary end points included frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBM), quality of life (QOL), and frequency of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV). RESULTS Of the 103 patients assessed for eligibility, 99 received either naldemedine (n = 49) or placebo (n = 50). A BFI of &lt;28.8 on day 14 was significantly more likely to occur in the naldemedine group (64.6%; 95% CI, 51.1 to 78.1) versus placebo (17.0%; 95% CI, 6.3 to 27.8), and the difference between groups was 47.6% (95% CI, 30.3 to 64.8; P &lt; .0001). The frequency of SBM, QOL, and the severity of OINV were nominally significant in the naldemedine group than in the control group. CONCLUSION Naldemedine prevented constipation and improved constipation-related QOL, with possible preventive effect on OINV in patients with cancer starting regularly dosed opioids therapy.
Global differences in the management of alcohol-associated hepatitis
Authors: Hanna Blaney, Luis Antonio Díaz, Nhi Li, Gurpreet Malhi, Rokhsana Mortuza, Xiaolong Qi, Anand V Kulkarni, Ramon Bataller, Joaquin Cabezas, Alexandre Louvet, Elliot B Tapper, Juan Pablo Arab
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Real-world impact of differences in the WHO and ICC classifications of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a LEO Cohort Study analysis
Authors: Brooj Abro, Matthew J. Maurer, Thomas M. Habermann, W. Richard Burack, Jennifer R. Chapman, Jonathon B. Cohen, Jonathan W. Friedberg, Giorgio Inghirami, Brad S. Kahl, Melissa C. Larson, Brian K. Link, Izidore S. Lossos, Peter Martin, Timothy J. McDonnell, Loretta J. Nastoupil, Shaun M. Riska, Sergei Syrbu, Francisco Vega, Kiran R. Vij, Christopher R. Flowers, James R. Cerhan, David L. Jaye, Andrew L. Feldman
Journal: Blood (2024)
Gender-affirming orchiectomy in transgender and non-binary individuals: A large cohort study with middle- to long-term follow-up
Authors: Wouter B. van der Sluis, Jan Maerten Smit, Tim Schäfer, Mark-Bram Bouman
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Some transgender individuals opt for gender-affirming orchiectomy. Data on postoperative outcomes in the transgender population are scarce. All individuals who underwent gender-affirming orchiectomy between 01-2010 and 01-2024 were retrospectively identified at two centers that provide surgical transgender care. Individual demographics, motivations, intra- and postoperative complications, reoperations and postoperative regret were recorded. Surgical risk factors were identified using logistic regression analysis. A total of 119 individuals were retrospectively identified with a median clinical follow-up of 2.3 years (range 0.3-9.4). A total of 109 identified as transgender woman, eight as non-binary and two as agender. 18 (15%) individuals opted for sperm cryopreservation before surgery. The postoperative course was without complications in 102 (86%) individuals. Complications comprised hemorrhage (n = 5, 4%, Clavien-Dindo 3b) and abscess formation (n = 7, 6%, Clavien-Dindo 2), (n = 1), 3a (n = 3) and 3b (n = 3))). In the follow-up time, seven individuals underwent vaginoplasty, two vulvoplasty and two were on the waiting list for vaginoplasty. There were no cases of regret. A BMI >35 was identified as risk factor for infectious complications (p = .045, OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.0-99.3). Gender-affirming orchiectomy is a simple and safe procedure. It can be performed as standalone gender-affirming surgical procedure, or as bridge to another gender-affirming procedure.
Life's essential 8 and cardiovascular diseases progression among adults in the United Kingdom
Authors: Huangda Guo, Siyue Wang, Hexiang Peng, Weiwei Wang, Tianjiao Hou, Yixin Li, Hanyu Zhang, Jin Jiang, Bohao Ma, Yilei Qin, Mengying Wang, Liming Li, Jie Huang, Tao Wu
Journal: Metabolism (2024)
Tissue-specific inducible IL-33 expression elicits features of eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Grace C Pyon, Mia Y Masuda, Arina Putikova, Huijun Luo, Jessica B Gibson, Adelyn D Dao, Danna R Ortiz, Piper L Heiligenstein, James J Bonellos, William E LeSuer, Rish K Pai, Shipra Garg, Matthew A Rank, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Hirohito Kita, Benjamin L Wright, Alfred D Doyle
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Il-13 induces loss of CFTR in ionocytes and reduces airway epithelial fluid absorption
Authors: Guillermo S Romano Ibarra, Lei Lei, Wenjie Yu, Andrew L Thurman, Nicholas D Gansemer, David K Meyerholz, Alejandro A Pezzulo, Paul B McCray, Ian M Thornell, David A Stoltz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

The airway surface liquid (ASL) plays a crucial role in lung defense mechanisms, and its composition and volume are regulated by the airway epithelium. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is abundantly expressed in a rare airway epithelial cell type called an ionocyte. Recently, we demonstrated that ionocytes can increase liquid absorption through apical CFTR and basolateral barttin/chloride channels, while airway secretory cells mediate liquid secretion through apical CFTR channels and basolateral NKCC1 transporters. Th2-driven (IL-4/IL-13) airway diseases, such as asthma, cause goblet cell metaplasia, accompanied by increased mucus production and airway secretions. In this study, we investigate the effect of IL-13 on chloride and liquid transport performed by ionocytes. IL-13 treatment of human airway epithelia was associated with reduced epithelial liquid absorption rates and increased ASL volume. Additionally, IL-13 treatment reduced the abundance of CFTR-positive ionocytes and increased the abundance of CFTR-positive secretory cells. Increasing ionocyte abundance attenuated liquid secretion caused by IL-13. Finally, CFTR-positive ionocytes were less common in asthma and COPD and associated with airflow obstruction. Our findings suggest that loss of CFTR in ionocytes contributes to the liquid secretion observed in IL-13-mediated airway diseases.
Pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: an analysis of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to the National Cancer Registration Dataset
Authors: Francesca Gonnelli, Jaspreet Kaur, Martina Bonifazi, David Baldwin, Emma O'Dowd, Richard Hubbard
Journal: Thorax (2024)

We quantified the proportion of diagnoses of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) among 25 136 people with lung cancer and 250 583 matched controls and compared the natural history of lung cancer in people with and without PF. Diagnoses of PF were more common in people with lung cancer than those without (1.5% vs 0.8%, OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.77 to 2.21). Within people with PF, squamous cell carcinoma was more (22.9% vs 19.1%), and adenocarcinoma was less common (18.0% vs 21.3%). People with PF were less likely to have stage 4 disease at diagnosis (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.65) but their survival was worse.
Association between surgeon training grade and the risk of revision following unicompartmental knee replacement: An analysis of National Joint Registry data
Authors: Timothy J Fowler, Nicholas R Howells, Ashley W Blom, Adrian Sayers, Michael R Whitehouse
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Background Unicompartmental knee replacements (UKRs) are performed by surgeons at various stages in training with varying levels of supervision, but we do not know if this is a safe practice with comparable outcomes to consultant-performed UKR. The aim of this study was to use registry data for England and Wales to investigate the association between surgeon grade (consultant, or trainee), the senior supervision of trainees (supervised by a scrubbed consultant, or not), and the risk of revision surgery following UKR. Methods and findings We conducted an observational study using prospectively collected data from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR). We included adult patients who underwent primary UKR for osteoarthritis ( n = 106,206), recorded in the NJR between 2003 and 2019. Exposures were the grade of the operating surgeon (consultant, or trainee) and whether or not trainees were directly supervised by a consultant during the procedure (referred to as “supervised by a scrubbed consultant”). The primary outcome was all-cause revision surgery. The secondary outcome was the number of procedures revised for the following specific indications: aseptic loosening/lysis, infection, progression of osteoarthritis, unexplained pain, and instability. Flexible parametric survival models were adjusted for patient, operation, and healthcare setting factors. We included 106,206 UKRs in 91,626 patients, of which 4,382 (4.1%) procedures were performed by a trainee. The unadjusted cumulative probability of failure at 15 years was 17.13% (95% CI [16.44, 17.85]) for consultants, 16.42% (95% CI [14.09, 19.08]) for trainees overall, 15.98% (95% CI [13.36, 19.07]) for trainees supervised by a scrubbed consultant, and 17.32% (95% CI [13.24, 22.50]) for trainees not supervised by a scrubbed consultant. There was no association between surgeon grade and all-cause revision in either crude or adjusted models (adjusted HR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.90, 1.13]; p = 0.88). Trainees achieved comparable all-cause survival to consultants, regardless of the level of scrubbed consultant supervision (supervised: adjusted HR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.87, 1.14]; p = 0.94; unsupervised: adjusted HR = 1.03, 95% CI [0.87, 1.22]; p = 0.74). Limitations of this study relate to its observational design and include: the potential for nonrandom allocation of cases by consultants to trainees; residual confounding; and the use of the binary variable “surgeon grade,” which does not capture variations in the level of experience between trainees. Conclusions This nationwide study of UKRs with over 16 years’ follow up demonstrates that trainees within the current training system in England and Wales achieve comparable all-cause implant survival to consultants. These findings support the current methods by which surgeons in England and Wales are trained to perform UKR.
AlphaMissense versus laboratory-based pathogenicity prediction of 13 novel missense<i>CPA1</i>variants from pancreatitis cases
Authors: Máté Sándor, Isabelle Scheers, Atsushi Masamune, Heiko Witt, Jessica LaRusch, Jian-Min Chen, Balázs Csaba Németh, Andrea Geisz, Aliye Uc, Miklós Sahin-Tóth
Journal: Gut (2024)
Insulin Efsitora versus Degludec in Type 2 Diabetes without Previous Insulin Treatment
Authors: Carol Wysham, Harpreet S. Bajaj, Stefano Del Prato, Denise Reis Franco, Arihiro Kiyosue, Dominik Dahl, Chunmei Zhou, Molly C. Carr, Michael Case, Livia Firmino Gonçalves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) is a new basal insulin designed for once-weekly administration. Data on safety and efficacy have been limited to small, phase 1 or phase 2 trials.
Estimated Health and Economic Outcomes of Racial and Ethnic Tuberculosis Disparities in US-Born Persons
Authors: Nicole A. Swartwood, Yunfei Li, Mathilda Regan, Suzanne M. Marks, Terrika Barham, Garrett R. Beeler Asay, Ted Cohen, Andrew N. Hill, Charles R. Horsburgh, Awal D. Khan, Donna Hubbard McCree, Ranell L. Myles, Joshua A. Salomon, Julie L. Self, Nicolas A. Menzies
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Despite significant progress made toward tuberculosis (TB) elimination, racial and ethnic disparities persist in TB incidence and case-fatality rates in the US. Objective To estimate the health outcomes and economic cost of TB disparities among US-born persons from 2023 to 2035. Design, Setting, and Participants Generalized additive regression models projecting trends in TB incidence and case-fatality rates from 2023 to 2035 were fit based on national TB surveillance data for 2010 to 2019 in the 50 US states and the District of Columbia among US-born persons. This baseline scenario was compared with alternative scenarios in which racial and ethnic disparities in age- and sex-adjusted incidence and case-fatality rates were eliminated by setting rates for each race and ethnicity to goal values. Additional scenarios were created examining the potential outcomes of delayed reduction of racial and ethnic disparities. The potential benefits of eliminating disparities from differences between baseline and alternative scenario outcomes were quantified. Data were analyzed from January 2010 to December 2019. Exposures Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or non-Hispanic White race and ethnicity. Main outcomes and measures TB cases and deaths averted, quality-adjusted life years gained, and associated costs from a societal perspective. Results The study included 31 811 persons with reported TB from 2010 to 2019 (mean [SD] age, 47 [24] years; 20 504 [64%] male; 1179 [4%] American Indian or Alaska Native persons; 1332 [4%] Asian persons; 12 152 [38%] Black persons; 6595 [21%] Hispanic persons; 299 [1%] Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander persons; and 10 254 [32%] White persons). There were 3722 persons with a reported TB death. Persistent racial and ethnic disparities were associated with an estimated 11 901 of 26 203 TB cases among US-born persons (45%; 95% uncertainty interval [UI], 44%-47%), 1421 of 3264 TB deaths among US-born persons (44%; 95% UI, 39%-48%), and an economic cost of $914 (95% UI, $675-$1147) million from 2023 to 2035. Delayed goal attainment reduced the estimated avertable TB outcomes by 505 (95% UI, 495-518) TB cases, 55 (95% UI, 51-59) TB deaths, and $32 (95% UI, $24-$40) million in societal costs annually. Conclusions and relevance In this modeling study of racial and ethnic disparities of TB, these disparities were associated with substantial future health and economic outcomes of TB among US-born persons without interventions beyond current efforts. Actions to eliminate disparities may reduce the excess TB burden among these persons and may contribute to accelerating TB elimination within the US.
Early High-Dose Erythropoietin and Cognitive Functions of School-Aged Children Born Very Preterm
Authors: Flavia Maria Wehrle, Ulrike Held, Vera Disselhoff, Barbara Schnider, Alexandra Stöckli, Mina Toma, Hans Ulrich Bucher, Jean-Claude Fauchère, Giancarlo Natalucci, Petra Hüppi, Cristina Borradori-Tolsa, Maria Chiara Liverani, Ruth L. O’Gorman, Beatrice Latal, Cornelia Franziska Hagmann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Children born very preterm are at risk for long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae. Prophylactic high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) shortly after birth has not been shown to improve cognitive, motor, and behavioral development at 2 and 5 years. Objective To investigate whether early high-dose rhEpo is associated with better executive functions and processing speed—late-maturing cognitive functions—in school-aged children born very preterm. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center cohort study was a prospective, observational follow-up study of a multicenter neonatal clinical trial; 365 children born very preterm (mean gestational age, 29.3 weeks [range, 26.0-31.9 weeks]) who had been enrolled in the Swiss EPO Neuroprotection Trial at birth between 2005 and 2012, and who were included in the primary outcome analyses at 2 years, were eligible to be recruited for the EpoKids study between 2017 and 2021 when they were at school age. Term-born children were additionally recruited and included in a control group. Data were analyzed between May and September 2022. Exposure Administration of rhEpo (3000 IU/kg) or placebo (saline, 0.9%) intravenously 3 times within the first 2 days of life as part of the Swiss EPO Neuroprotection Trial. Main Outcome and Measures A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessed executive functions and processing speed, and parents reported on their child’s executive functions in everyday life to test the hypothesis that early high-dose rhEpo administration is associated with better cognitive outcomes at school age. Results In the EpoKids study, 214 children born very preterm (58.6% of 365 children in eligible cohort) were assessed at a mean age of 10.4 years (range, 6.9-13.4 years); 117 (54.7%) were boys. There was no evidence that the 117 children who had received rhEpo differed from the 97 children who had received placebo in any of the 15 executive function and processing speed tests, nor in parent-rated executive functions (estimates ranged from −0.138 to 0.084, all 95% CIs included 0). Irrespective of rhEpo or placebo allocation, children born very preterm scored lower on 11 of 15 executive function and processing speed tests than term-born peers (estimates ranged from 0.112 to 0.255, 95% CIs did not include 0). Conclusion and Relevance This study found no evidence for a positive association between prophylactic early high-dose rhEpo administration and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after very preterm birth. These results suggest that a comprehensive approach, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological prevention and intervention strategies, is needed to support these children’s neurodevelopmental outcome.
Changes in Out-of-Pocket Spending for Common Oral Cancer Medications After the Inflation Reduction Act
Authors: Benjamin Pockros, Chad Ellimoottil, Belal Sbei, Megan Caram, Kristian Stensland
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This economic evaluation assesses changes to patient out-of-pocket spending for oral cancer medications before and after the Inflation Reduction Act.