tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evoked Potentials in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Keith H. Chiappa, Allan H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Short-Latency Somatosensory Evoked PotentialsShort-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (EPs) are recorded after stimulation of peripheral sensory nerves. They are functionally similar to brain-stem auditory EPs in that there is a close relation between wave forms and the anatomy of sensory tracts, allowing precise localization of conduction defects. Since the paths involved in short-latency somatosensory EPs traverse a greater extent of the central nervous system than do those of brain-stem auditory EPs, they are of greater clinical utility. Cell bodies of the large-fiber sensory system lie in the dorsal-root ganglia; their central processes travel rostrally in ipsilateral posterior columns of the . . .
Abstract 16834: Cardiac and Circulating Levels of MicroRNA-21 Reflect Myocardial Fibrosis in Aortic Stenosis Patients
Authors: J Francisco Nistal, Raquel García, Ana V Villar, Miguel Llano, Manuel Cobo, Víctor Expósito, Rafael Martín-Durán, María A Hurlé
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNA) has been recently associated with various cardiovascular pathophysiological conditions and circulating miRNAs are emerging as promising biomarkers. MiR-21 overexpression has been related to cardiac fibrotic responses to biomechanical stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical value of miR-21, cardiac and plasmatic, as biomarker for pathological myocardial fibrosis progression secondary to pressure overload. Methods: In LV biopsies from 17 controls and 39 patients with aortic stenosis (AS), we quantified the expression levels of miR-21 normalized to U6B (qRT-PCR) and determined their relationship with mean transvalvular gradients (continuous wave Doppler) and with myocardial expression of remodeling-related genes (qRT-PCR). Total RNA was isolated from plasma using TRIzol. Spiked-in C. elegans -miR-39 was used as control. Reverse transcription was performed using miR-21 and cel-miR-39 specific primers. qRT-PCR was performed with Taqman assays. miR-21 levels were normalized to cel-miR-39. Results: Myocardial expression levels of miR-21 were significantly higher in AS patients compared with controls (Control: 115±14 vs AS: 189±26; p&lt;0.05) and correlated directly with the mean transvalvular gradient (R=0.51**). A direct relationship between the myocardial expression levels of miR-21 and the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 (R=0.42, p&lt;0.05), its effectors [SMAD4 (R= 0.44; p&lt;0.05) and TAK1 (R=0.41, p&lt;0.05)] and fibrosis-related target genes [collagen I (R=0.47; p&lt;0.01), collagen III (R=0.58; p&lt;0.001) and fibronectin (R=0.61; p&lt;0.05)] was also observed. Plasma levels of miR-21 were up-regulated in AS patients (Control: 15.0±7.5 vs AS: 182.4±97.8; p&lt;0.05) and correlated directly with the myocardial expressions of SMAD4 (R= 0.57; p&lt;0.01), TAK1 (R=0.51, p&lt;0.01), collagen I (R=0.50; p&lt;0.01) and fibronectin (R=0.41; p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: These results support the emerging role of miR-21 as a regulator of the fibrotic process developed in response to pressure overload in AS patients. Our data underscore the value of circulating miR-21 as biomarker of fibrosis with potential prognostic value.
Abstract P439: Risk Factor Profile and Prevalence of Subclinical Disease in African Americans with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Kamel A Gharaibeh, Vanessa Xanthakis, Jung Hye Sung, Tandaw S Samdarshi, Herman A Taylor, Mario Sims, Ramachandran S Vasan, Ervin R Fox
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background . Metabolic derangements such as diabetes (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common in African Americans (AA) and contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in this group. A greater prevalence of subclinical disease (ScD) among those with DM and MetS in the AA community may be an explanatory factor. Objective . We assessed the CVD risk factor profile and distribution of ScD among AA with DM and MetS in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Methods . We evaluated 4,365 AA participants [mean age (SD) of 53.8 (12.3) years, 64.5% women] free of overt CVD who attended JHS Exam 1 (between 2000- 2004), when ScD assessment was routinely performed(with the exception of CT for coronary calcium that occurred in Exam2). SCD measures included 1) peripheral artery disease (PAD, defined as ankle-brachial index&lt;0.9), 2) high coronary artery calcium (CAC, defined as score&gt;100), 3) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH defined as left ventricular mass index&gt;51 g/m 2.7 , 4) low LV ejection fraction (low EF, defined as an EF&lt;50%), and 5) microalbuminuria (MA, defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio&gt;25 μg/mg in men and &gt;35 μg/mg in women). We compared the distribution of standard CVD risk factors and ScD prevalence in 1) those without DM or MetS (referent), 2) those with MetS but no DM and 3) those with DM. Results . In our study sample, 1,089 (24.9%) had MetS with no DM and 752 (17.2%) had DM. Compared to the referent group, groups with metabolic derangement tended to be older, female, hypertensive, obese, and had lower HDL, higher fasting glucose, and higher triglycerides levels. Table 1 compares the distribution of ScD for the three groups, and demonstrates the greater odds of. CAC, LVH and microalbuminuria in participants with MetS or DM. Conclusion . In our large community-based sample of AAs, we observed a significantly high prevalence of ScD overall, especially so in participants with MetS and DM. These findings likely contribute to the high CVD rates in AA with MetS and DM. <!-- <inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="g298"/>-->
Abstract 13412: Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Multisite Left Ventricular Pacing Improves Acute Hemodynamic Response in Patients
Authors: Carlo Pappone, Zarko Calovic, Massimo Saviano, Luke C McSpadden, Kyungmoo Ryu, Amarild Cuko, Mario Baldi, Cristiano Ciaccio, Luigi Giannelli, Bogdan Ionescu, Alessia Pappone, Andrea Petretta, Raffaele Vitale, Gabriele Vicedomini, Vincenzo Santinelli
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with single site left ventricular (LV) pacing improves acute hemodynamics. We hypothesized that CRT with multisite LV pacing in a single coronary sinus (CS) ...
Abstract 16135: The Role of Circulating versus Local Progenitor Cells in Vein Stenosis
Authors: Roberto Vazquez-Padron, Nikolaos Skartsis, Eddie Manning, Melissa St. Pierre, Dania Mateu, Yuntao Wei, Loay H Salman, Arif Asif
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Neointimal hyperplasia is a major clinical problem that compromises the long-term patency of coronary bypass grafts and causes the failure of arteriovenous (AV) fistulas in hemodialysis...
Abstract 2036: Severe Autonomic Failure in Diabetic Postinfarction-Patients
Authors: Georg Schmidt, Petra Barthel, Raphael Schneider, Axel Bauer, Elisabeth Arnoldi, Anke Joeinig, Kurt Ulm
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Diabetic post-infarction patients are at high risk of subsequent death. Deceleration Capacity (DC) and Heart Rate Turbulence (HRT) are a risk predictors that quantify different aspects of autonomic performance (tone and reflex function). Sever Autonomic Failure (SAF) was assumed if DC and HRT were compromised. This study investigates the predictive value SAF in diabetic post-infarction patients. Patients: 416 consecutive diabetic post-infarction patients, age &lt; &lt;26&gt; 75 years, in sinus rhythm were enrolled. Primary endpoint was total mortality at 5 years. Mean follow-up period was 4.4 years. Methods: DC and HRT were determined according to the published methodology. Severe autonomic failure (SAF) was defined as DC &lt; &lt;26&gt; 4.5 ms and HRT category 2. Cox-proportional hazards analyses were performed with respect to age, history of previous myocardial infarction, mean heart rate, HRV index and arrhythmia count during 24-h Holter monitoring, QRS duration and LVEF, all with prospectively defined dichotomies. Results: During follow-up, 61 patients died. There were 36 cardiac deaths, out of which 23 occurred suddenly. 24 patients presented with SAF, 13 patients with LVEF &lt; &lt;26&gt; 30%. Five-year all-cause mortality rates of patients with and without SAF were 63% and 11%, respectively (Figure , left panel). For LVEF 30%, these figures were 51% and 15% (Figure , right panel). Similar figures were observed for cardiac mortality. In multivariable analysis, presence of SAF indicated a hazard ratio of 5.1 (LVEF 4.2; age 3.5, mean heart rate 1.9). Conclusion: Diabetic post-infarction patients with SAF have a poor outcome, whereas mortality rates of patients without SAF were low.
Abstract P115: Higher Threshold and Dose of Coronary Perfusion Pressure are Associated with ROSC in Prolonged Swine Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Joshua C Reynolds, David D Salcido, James J Menegazzi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction: The amount of myocardial perfusion required for successful defibrillation after prolonged cardiac arrest is not known. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is a surrogate for myocardial perfusion. One limited clinical study reported that a threshold of 15mmHg was necessary for return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and that CPP was predictive of ROSC. A distinction between threshold and dose of CPP has not been reported. Hypothesis: Animals that achieve ROSC will have higher mean CPP and higher area under the CPP curve (AUC) than no-ROSC swine. Methods: Data from 4 similar swine cardiac arrest studies were retrospectively pooled. Animals had undergone 8 –11 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, 2 minutes of mechanical CPR, administration of drugs, and 3 more minutes of CPR prior to the first shock. Mean CPP ± standard error was derived from the last 20 compressions of each 30 second epoch of CPR and compared between ROSC/no-ROSC groups by RM-ANOVA. AUC for all compressions delivered over the 5 minutes was calculated by direct summation and compared by Kruskal-Wallis test. Prediction of ROSC was assessed by logistic regression. Results : During 5 minutes of CPR (n=80), mean CPP ± SEM was higher in animals with ROSC (n=63) (p &lt; 0.001). Animals with ROSC received more total flow than animals without ROSC (p &lt; 0.001). Two regression models identified CPP (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.05, 1.18) and AUC (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.05, 1.16) as predictors of ROSC. Experimental protocol also predicted ROSC in each model (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.15, 2.50) and (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.12, 2.25), respectively. Conclusion : Higher CPP threshold and dose are associated with and predictive of ROSC.
1057. Successful Gene Therapy for Retinal Degenerations by Lentiviral Gene Transfer
Authors: Thomas W. Chalberg, Hilary L. Genise, Douglas Vollrath, Michele P. Calos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Our goal is to perform gene therapy by efficient integration into safe positions in the host genome. The integrase enzyme from the phage phiC31 directs site-specific integration into a small subset of native genomic sequences 1. Recent gene therapy studies using phiC31 integrase in mice have demonstrated site-specific integration of transgenes and long-term gene expression in liver, skin, and muscle (e.g., 2). Here, we demonstrate use of the phiC31 integrase as a simple and effective method for non-viral long-term gene transfer in the eye. We developed a method to achieve efficient non-viral delivery of plasmid DNA to rat retinal epithelium (RPE) in vivo. The method involves subretinal injection of plasmid DNA, followed by in situ electroporation (adapted from 3). Delivery of GFP by this method was evaluated in frozen sections using fluorescence microscopy. In subsequent experiments, a luciferase plasmid, with or without a plasmid encoding the phiC31 integrase, was delivered to rat RPE. Luciferase expression was followed over time by using in vivo luciferase imaging. Subretinal DNA injection followed by electroporation yielded abundant transgene delivery in rat RPE, as assayed by both GFP and luciferase expression. Expression was strongest 48 hours after delivery. In the absence of integrase, luciferase expression declined to near-background levels within 3-4 weeks after treatment. Co-injection of the integrase plasmid led to long-term stable transgene expression at all time points tested, up to three months post-procedure. Animals receiving integrase showed ~64-fold higher long-term expression than control animals. We conclude that subretinal injection followed by electroporation affords abundant transfer of plasmid DNA in mammalian RPE. Addition of phiC31 integrase confers robust long-term transgene expression, presumably by providing site-specific integration of the gene of interest into the genome of RPE cells. Having established non-viral permanent retinal gene transfer by site-specific genomic integration, we now plan to apply the technology to rodent models of retinal degeneration. Because site-specific integration provides strong, stable gene expression while reducing the probability of insertional mutagenesis, the phiC31 integrase system has great potential as a novel approach to non-viral gene therapy in the eye.
Abstract 15121: Nox4D Is the Major Splice Variant of Nox4 NADPH Oxidase Expressed in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Narayana P Anilkumar, Alison C Brewer, Gorka S Eneriz, Iain Sawyer, Ajay Shah
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly appreciated as key signalling moities in several pathophysiological conditions. NADPH oxidases (Nox) are enzymes that are involved in regulated produc...
Abstract 718: Mammalian Serine Protease Inhibitor (Serpin), Neuroserpin, Targets Thromblytic Proteases to Reduce Inflammation, Atherogenesis and T Helper Lymphocyte Activation
Authors: munuswamy-ramanujam ganesh, Erbin Dai, Mira Shnabel, Yuming Sun, Karim Khan, Jakob Richardson, D Lomas, Alexandra Lucas
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Premorbid IQ varies across different definitions of schizophrenia.
Authors: Annick Urfer Parnas, Lennart Jansson, Peter Handest, Jan Nielsen, Ditte Sæbye, Josef Parnas
Journal: World Psychiatry (2007)

The nature of the association between IQ and schizophrenia is still unclear. So far no study addressed this issue in relation to the breadth or scope of the very concept of schizophrenia. We examined the premorbid IQ in a polydiagnostic study with four classifications of schizophrenia: ICD-8/9, ICD-10, St. Louis and Flexible System-Wide. Only the ICD-10 schizophrenia patients exhibited a significantly lower premorbid IQ. There were suggestive differences between the four examined systems as well as between the ICD-10 paranoid and non-paranoid subtypes. Exploration of crucial diagnostic features of schizophrenia in relation to IQ revealed associations between low premorbid IQ and hallucinations as well as negative symptoms. It is concluded that premorbid IQ varies across different definitions of schizophrenia.
Effect of Prasugrel Pre-Treatment Strategy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for NSTEMI
Authors: Gilles Montalescot, Jean-Philippe Collet, Patrick Ecollan, Leonardo Bolognese, Jurrien ten Berg, Dariusz Dudek, Christian Hamm, Petr Widimsky, Jean-François Tanguay, Patrick Goldstein, Eileen Brown, Debra L. Miller, LeRoy LeNarz, Eric Vicaut
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Prognostic Impact of the Presence and Absence of Angina on Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gilles R. Dagenais, Jiang Lu, David P. Faxon, Peter Bogaty, Dale Adler, Francisco Fuentes, Jorge Escobedo, Ashok Krishnaswami, James Slater, Robert L. Frye
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 15958: Internal Elastic Lamellar Disruption is Associated With Smooth Muscle and Myofibroblast Cell Hyperplasia in Restenotic Peripheral Vascular Disease
Authors: Prakash Krishnan, Purushothaman K-Raman, Meerarani Purushothaman, Arthur Tarricone, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Wiley Jose, EJ Fernandez, Annapoorna Kini, Samin K Sharma, Moreno R Pedro
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Deep injury to the vessel wall may trigger cellular proliferation leading to restenosis. We hypothesize that increased internal elastic lamellar disruption (IEL) may trigger smooth musc...
Computerized tomography and neuropsychological test measures in adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: David Behar, Judith L. Rapoport, Carol J. Berg, Martha B. Denckla, Lee Mann, Christian Cox, Paul Fedio, Theodore Zahn, Mark G. Wolfman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors administered CAT scans and neuropsychological tests to 16 adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (mean age +/- SD = 13.7 +/- 1.6 years) and 16 matched controls. The patients had a mean ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) significantly higher than the controls' and showed spatial-perceptual deficits similar to those found in patients with frontal lobe lesions. Memory, reaction time, and decision time did not differ significantly from controls'. Neurodevelopmental examination of seven patients yielded a high frequency of age-inappropriate synkinesias and left hemibody signs. These results suggest CNS dysfunctioning in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder, with possible right cerebral involvement. However, the patients' neuropsychological test deficits and VBRs were not correlated.
Age related macular degeneration
Authors: N. M Bressler, J. P Gills
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Age related macular degeneration is the commonest cause of severe loss of central vision in people aged over 50 in the Western world.1 The vision loss results from loss of function of the macula, the centre of the retina, which is responsible for central visual tasks such as reading, driving, and recognising faces. Macular degeneration has until recently been untreatable, but laser treatments have become available within the past few years that can halt progression of the disease and the consequent loss of vision in some patients.

The early stages of macular degeneration (usually without significant vision loss) include the formation of drusen,2 which can be seen with the direct ophthlamoscope (after dilatation of the pupil) as small yellow deposits in the centre of the retina. Drusen are extremely common, detected in at least 10% of everyone over 65.1 Although their cause is unknown, their progression is well documented.

Significant vision loss may occur from neovascular or non-neovascular abnormalities. In neovascular (sometimes termed “wet”) age related macular degeneration, abnormal new blood vessels from the choroidal layer of the eye that nourishes the outer retina grow and proliferate with fibrous tissue within drusen material.2 This choroidal neovascularisation causes acute loss of vision as transudate or haemorrhage accumulates within and …
Abstract 5497: Chronic Stenosis of the Proximal Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Juvenile Rats Results in a Critical Impairment in Coronary Flow Reserve and Leads to the Development of Hibernating Myocardium without Necrosis
Authors: Qingsong Hu, Thomas R Cimato, James A Fallavollita, John M Canty
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Previous studies in adult rats have shown that a chronic coronary artery stenosis can produce variable degrees of heart failure and global LV dysfunction with concomitant fibrosis and necrosis. In contrast, placement of a fixed LAD stenosis in juvenile swine leads to the gradual development of hibernating myocardium with regional dysfunction in the absence of infarction. We hypothesized that a similar approach could be used to produce hibernating myocardium in growing rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rat pups (3 wk old, 40±2g, n=24) were instrumented with a 200μm stenosis using an 8 – 0 suture around the proximal LAD and compared to sham controls (n=7). At 12-wks post-instrumentation (399±6g), ejection fraction (EF) and regional wall thickening (%WT) were determined by echocardiography and myocardial perfusion was measured using fluorescent microspheres (n=8). Histology was used to assess necrosis, fibrosis and regional myocyte loss. Results: Mortality was low (16%) and survivors (n=20) had no gross evidence of infarction. LAD end-diastolic wall thickness was normal (1.2 ± 0.04 vs. 1.2 ± 0.04 mm in controls, p=ns) and EF was preserved (65 ± 2% vs.70±1% in controls, p=0.07). After 12 weeks, LAD %WT was significantly reduced (49 ± 5% vs. 74 ± 5% in remote, p&lt;0.01). In LAD subendocardium, vasodilated flow was decreased (3.1 ± 0.7 vs.7.1±1.2 ml/min/g in remote, p&lt;0.01) with a critical impairment in coronary flow reserve (adenosine/rest 1.2 ± 0.3 vs.1.8 ± 0.2 in remote, p&lt;0.05). Although fibrosis and necrosis were absent, regional myocyte nuclear density in LAD subendocardium decreased (489 ± 27 vs. 628 ± 24 nuclei per mm 2 in remote, p&lt;0.01) and relative reductions were closely correlated with LAD flow reserve (r =0.76, p&lt;0.05) and LAD %WT (r =0.54, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Like swine, a chronic LAD stenosis in growing rats leads to a critical impairment in coronary flow reserve with reduced regional myocardial perfusion, wall thickening and regional myocyte loss without infarction. Our findings establish a model of hibernating myocardium in rodents, facilitating high-throughput studies to identify novel mechanisms and therapies for chronic ischemic LV dysfunction.
Abstract 9358: Time-Course of Left Ventricular Geometry in Arterial Hypertension: The Strong Heart Study
Authors: Giovanni De Simone, Marina De Marco, Mary J Roman, Elisa T Lee, Barbara V Howard, Richard B Devereux
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The natural history of hypertensive heart disease is postulated to evolve from concentric LV geometry (LVG) to eccentric and eventually dilated LVG. However, there is no evidence of this evolution, likely due to effect of antihypertensive therapy, and there is no information on whether changes of LVG can be predictable. Methods: We examined echocardiograms in 850 hypertensive participants of the 4th phase of the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort (50±14 yrs, 486 women), who repeated echo exam after 4 years. LVG was assessed by relative wall thickness. Results: LVG remained normal (NN) in 55% of men (M) and 45% of women (W), remained concentric (CC) in 19% M and 30% W, changed from concentric to normal (CN) in 22% M and 19% W, and from normal to concentric (NC) in 4% M and 6% W (p&lt;0.001). Between exams, acute myocardial infarction occurred in 4 participants (0.5%). Participants with concentric LVG at the second exam (NC and CC) were older than the other groups (p&lt;0.001). At the time of initial exam, systolic blood pressure (BP) was slightly higher in participants developing concentric LVG (NC p=0.056), whereas diastolic BP and GFR were lower in those with persistent concentric LVG than in the other groups (both p&lt;0.001). Initial LV mass was higher and ejection fraction (EF) lower in CN and CC than in NN (p&lt;0.0001). Compared to NN, systolic BP increased over time in participants with concentric LVG at the second exam (NC and CC; both p&lt;0.03). On average, EF decreased over time, with the greatest decrease in participants changing LVG from concentric to normal and the minimum decrease in those developing concentric LVG (all p&lt;0.001). No effect of body size, fat distribution and prescription of classes of antihypertensive meds and statins could be detected, but the number of antihypertensive meds used at the time of the initial exam was significantly higher with persistent concentric LVG and lower with evolution from concentric to normal LVG (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Changes in LV geometry in treated SHS hypertensive participants are not related to type of antihypertensive meds. Persistent concentric LV geometry is related to older age, and increasing systolic BP over time despite greater intensity of anti-hypertensive therapy.