Abstract A098: Quantitative MRI metrics capture pancreatic cancer and stroma responses to novel KRAS inhibitor
Authors: Mamta Gupta, Hoon Choi, Emma E. Furth, Miguel Joaquim, Stephen Pickup, Cynthia Clendenin, Margo Orlen, Thomas Karasic, Hee Kwon Song, Yong Fan, Peter O’Dwyer, Robert H. Vonderheide, Mark Rosen, Ben Z. Stanger, Rong Zhou
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a deadly cancer with limited treatment options. Oncogene KRAS mutations found in majority of PDA patients with KRAS(G12D) mutation being the most common. A new KRAS(G12D) specific inhibitor, MRTX1133 has been shown to induce rapid tumor regression in PDA models while the effect on stroma is only revealed by postmortem analyses of tumor specimens, making it hard to assess the dynamics of stroma remodeling. Furthermore, in clinical testing of KRAS(G12C) inhibitor, only ~50% of patients responded to the treatment despite the presence of correct genetic mutation in biopsy specimens, therefore, early and accurate assessment of the drug-target engagement is important in clinical setting. Our study was designed to test the hypothesis that multimetric MRI captures early responses to KRAS(G12D) inhibitor beyond the change of tumor size in a PDA model. Especially, changes in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion weighted (DW) MRI, Ktrans from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR). Methods A genetically engineered model of PDA bearing KRAS(G12D) and Trp53 mutation referred to as KPC was used. Male and female mice were enrolled to receive MRTX1133 at 30mg/kg BID or PBS via i.p injection. Murine PDA cells bearing KRAS(G12C) mutation were inoculated in the flank of C57BL/6 mice to grow subcutaneous tumors. In vivo DW- and DCE-MRI were obtained on a 9.4T Bruker system employing pulse sequences insensitive to respiratory motion. Results In KPC mice, striking increase of tumor ADC were detected as early as 48h after treatment initiation and was confirmed by statistical analyses at 48h and day7 accompanied by decrease of tumor size, in contrast to a trend of increased tumor size and decreased ADC in PBS-treated mice. H&amp;E section revealed gross necrosis and extensive cell death. A clear increase of Ktrans suggesting an increase of capillary permeability and/or perfusion was detected at 48h, persisting to day7; while CD31 did not change significantly, capillary lumen area appeared enlarged at 48h, consistent with reduced interstitial fluid pressure resulted from clearance of stromal hyaluronic acid. A remarkable reduction of MTR at 48h clearly captured the stromal effect of MRTX1133 whereas no change observed in PBS-treated mice. Consistently, Sirius red (SR) staining for collagen revealed a high degree of heterogeneity where regions of depletion versus dense SR staining coexist. Lack of tumor regression and ADC change in KRAS(G12C) tumors confirmed the specificity of MRTX1133 to G12D however, a reduction of MTR was revealed, suggesting stromal impact as off-target effect of MRTX1133. Conclusion To our knowledge, this represents the first MRI study of the new KRAS inhibitor. The multimetric MRI approach is novel and significant because it captured MRTX1133-induced cancer cell death and stroma change over time. With further validation, these translatable imaging metrics can provide biological mechanism underneath tumor size change in the clinical setting. Citation Format: Mamta Gupta, Hoon Choi, Emma E. Furth, Miguel Joaquim, Stephen Pickup, Cynthia Clendenin, Margo Orlen, Thomas Karasic, Hee Kwon Song, Yong Fan, Peter O’Dwyer, Robert H. Vonderheide, Mark Rosen, Ben Z. Stanger, Rong Zhou. Quantitative MRI metrics capture pancreatic cancer and stroma responses to novel KRAS inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Pancreatic Cancer; 2023 Sep 27-30; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A098.