tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Immunoglobulin G Levels Are Associated with Risk for Exacerbations: An Analysis of SPIROMICS
Authors: Michael Burnim, Nirupama Putcha, David LaFon, Han Woo, Antoine Azar, Lars Groenke, Martin Stampfli, Alexander Schaub, Ashraf Fawzy, Aparna Balasubramanian, Neal Fedarko, Christopher B. Cooper, Russell P. Bowler, Alejandro Comellas, Jerry A Krishnan, MeiLan K. Han, David Couper, Stephen P. Peters, M. Bradley Drummond, Wanda O'Neal, Robert Paine, Gerard Criner, Fernando J. Martinez, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Graham Barr, Yvonne J Huang, Prescott Woodruff, Mark Dransfield, Nadia N Hansel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Rationale: Serum IgG deficiency is associated with morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but it is unclear whether concentrations in the lower end of the normal range still confer risk. Objectives: To determine if levels above traditional cutoffs for serum IgG deficiency are associated with exacerbations among current and former smokers with or at risk for COPD. Methods: Former and current smokers in SPIROMICS (the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures of COPD study) (n = 1,497) were studied: 1,026 with COPD and 471 at risk for COPD. In a subset (n = 1,031), IgG subclasses were measured. Associations between total IgG or subclasses and prospective exacerbations were evaluated with multivariable models adjusting for demographic characteristics, current smoking, smoking history, FEV1 percent predicted, inhaled corticosteroids, and serum IgA. Measurements and Main Results: The 35th percentile (1,225 mg/dl in this cohort) of IgG was the best cutoff by Akaike information criterion. Below this, there was increased exacerbation risk (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.51). Among subclasses, IgG1 and IgG2 below the 35th percentile (354 and 105 mg/dl, respectively) were associated with increased risks of severe exacerbation (IgG1, IRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.06-1.84; IgG2, IRR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.14-1.1.97). These associations remained significant when additionally adjusting for a history of exacerbations. Conclusions: Lower serum IgG is prospectively associated with exacerbations in individuals with or at risk for COPD. Among subclasses, lower IgG1 and IgG2 are prospectively associated with severe exacerbations. The optimal IgG cutoff was substantially higher than traditional cutoffs for deficiency, suggesting that subtle impairment of humoral immunity may be associated with exacerbations.
Atypical Foot Swelling in Metastatic Endometrial Carcinoma: Role of FDG PET/CT
Authors: Tzyy-Ling Chuang, Yuh-Feng Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

An 83-year-old woman with a history of endometrial carcinoma (EMC), treated with surgery and chemotherapy in August 2020, presented with a 1-year history of left foot swelling, tenderness, and heat. Despite multiple consultations, no diagnosis was made, and she developed painful swelling with a limping gait. A biopsy was done on July 14, 2023, confirmed metastatic EMC. FDG PET/CT revealed widespread metastases, including in the lungs, pleura, mediastinal, hilar, inguinal, right external iliac nodes, left labia majora, left iliac bone, left tibia, and left foot. Excision of left inguinal and vulvar tumors also confirmed metastatic EMC.
Cardiac MRI Predictors of Arrhythmic Sudden Cardiac Events in Patients With Fontan Circulation
Authors: Natasha K Wolfe, Mary D Schiff, Laura J Olivieri, Adam B Christopher, Mark Fogel, Timothy C Slesnick, Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Vivek Muthurangu, Adam L Dorfman, Christopher Z Lam, Justin Weigand, Joshua D Robinson, Rahul H Rathod, Tarek Alsaied
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
High 18F-FDG Uptake in Phosphoglyceride Crystal Deposition Disease of the Humerus Mimicking Chondrosarcoma
Authors: Hiroki Matsutani, Tsuyoshi Komori, Ichiro Baba, Yoshitaka Kurisu, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Keigo Osuga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 82-year-old man presented with left humerus pain. MRI revealed a lesion in the left humerus appearing hyperintense on T2WI and hyperintense on DWI. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated high FDG uptake in the lesion. Surgical resection was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. However, a histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of phosphoglyceride crystal deposition disease (PGDD). PGDD is an extremely rare disease, and this is the first report of PGDD occurring in the humerus. Bone lesions showing high uptake of FDG are usually malignant lesions; however, it is important to consider the possibility of benign diseases such as PGDD.
Prognostic Value and Clinical Implication of Lymph Node-to-Primary Tumor SUV Ratio in Node-Positive Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated With Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy
Authors: Wing-Keen Yap, Chia-Hsin Lin, Ken-Hao Hsu, Shin-Nan Lin, Huan-Chun Lin, Kai-Ping Chang, Chung-Jan Kang, Yu-Feng Hu, Ming-Chieh Shih, Tsung-You Tsai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose The aim of this was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the nodal-to-primary tumor SUV max ratio (NTR) in patients with node-positive hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. The study aims to enhance prognostic accuracy by incorporating NTR into the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system. Patients and Methods This retrospective study included 191 patients with biopsy-proven node-positive HPSCC treated from 2005 to 2013. NTR was calculated as the ratio of SUV max of metastatic lymph nodes to the primary tumor’s SUV max . Survival analyses were conducted using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Receiver operating characteristic analysis compared the prognostic performance of the modified and AJCC staging systems. Results The median follow-up was 8.27 years, with 135 deaths (70.7%). High NTR (≥0.63) was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) and was an independent prognostic factor in multivariable analysis (adjusted hazards ratio [HR] = 1.63, P = 0.007). Median OS for high NTR was 17.4 months, compared with 75.2 months for low NTR. High NTR significantly predicted worse OS within AJCC stage IVA patients (HR = 6.09, P = 0.014). Patients in modified stage IVA (AJCC stage IVA with low NTR) had significantly longer OS than those in modified stage IVB (AJCC stage IVA with high NTR and AJCC stage IVB) (HR = 8.62, P = 0.003). The modified staging system incorporating NTR showed superior prognostic performance compared with the AJCC staging system. Conclusions NTR is a significant independent prognostic factor for OS in node-positive HPSCC patients. Integrating NTR into the AJCC staging system improves prognostic accuracy.
Author Correction: Metaverse in surgery — origins and future potential
Authors: Enrico Checcucci, Alessandro Veccia, Stefano Puliatti, Pieter De Backer, Pietro Piazza, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, Severin Rodler, Mark Taratkin, Ines Rivero Belenchon, Loic Baekelandt, Sabrina De Cillis, Alberto Piana, Ahmed Eissa, Juan Gomez Rivas, Giovanni Cacciamani, Francesco Porpiglia
Journal: Nature Reviews Urology (2024)
Long-Term Exposure to Arsenic in Community Water Supplies and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Women in the California Teachers Study
Authors: Danielle N. Medgyesi, Komal Bangia, Emma S. Spielfogel, Jared A. Fisher, Jessica M. Madrigal, Rena R. Jones, Mary H. Ward, James V. Lacey, Tiffany R. Sanchez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Inorganic arsenic in drinking water (wAs) is linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, risk is uncertain at lower levels present in US community water supplies (CWS), currently regulated at the federal maximum contaminant level of
Primary cutaneous <i>Alternaria alstroemeriae</i> infection
Authors: Ximing Yang, Li Li, Min Zhu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

In this study, a 57-year-old woman presented to the dermatology department with rashes on her left face and ear persisting for over a month. In the end, we found out that she was infected with Alternaria Alstroemeriae, which was first reported in humans.
Author Correction: Rps14 haploinsufficiency causes a block in erythroid differentiation mediated by S100A8 and S100A9
Authors: Rebekka K Schneider, Monica Schenone, Monica Ventura Ferreira, Rafael Kramann, Cailin E Joyce, Christina Hartigan, Fabian Beier, Tim H Brümmendorf, Ulrich Germing, Uwe Platzbecker, Guntram Büsche, Ruth Knüchel, Michelle C Chen, Christopher S Waters, Edwin Chen, Lisa P Chu, Carl D Novina, R Coleman Lindsley, Steven A Carr, Benjamin L Ebert
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Acid-responsive CST@NPs enhanced diabetic wound healing through rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Xuelian Zhang, Hang Li, Yang Liu, Jie Yu, Pengfei Zhang, Peiling Yu, Yuhao Liu, Suyi Jia, Lijuan Ling, Peng Li, Lei Li, Yueyao Wang, Tengxiao Huang, Gaoxin Jin, Yunpeng Zhao, Guoli Ma, Qinghao Yuan, Lei Zhu, Zhiyue Zhang, Hao Li, Weiwei Li
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)
An injectable hyaluronic acid/lithium calcium silicate soft tissue filler with vascularization and collagen regeneration
Authors: Jinzhou Huang, Jianmin Xue, Jimin Huang, Xinxin Zhang, Hongjian Zhang, Lin Du, Dong Zhai, Zhiguang Huan, Yufang Zhu, Chengtie Wu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)
Reply to Roger L. Sur’s Letter to the Editor re: Frédéric Panthier, Vineet Gauhar, Eugenio Ventimiglia, Jia-Lun Kwok, Etienne Xavier Keller, Olivier Traxer. Rethinking Stone-free Rates and Surgical Outcomes in Endourology: A Point of View from PEARLS Members. Eur Urol 2024;86:198–9
Authors: Frédéric Panthier, Bhaskar Somani, Olivier Traxer
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Medical large language models are susceptible to targeted misinformation attacks
Authors: Tianyu Han, Sven Nebelung, Firas Khader, Tianci Wang, Gustav Müller-Franzes, Christiane Kuhl, Sebastian Försch, Jens Kleesiek, Christoph Haarburger, Keno K. Bressem, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Daniel Truhn
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Large language models (LLMs) have broad medical knowledge and can reason about medical information across many domains, holding promising potential for diverse medical applications in the near future. In this study, we demonstrate a concerning vulnerability of LLMs in medicine. Through targeted manipulation of just 1.1% of the weights of the LLM, we can deliberately inject incorrect biomedical facts. The erroneous information is then propagated in the model's output while maintaining performance on other biomedical tasks. We validate our findings in a set of 1025 incorrect biomedical facts. This peculiar susceptibility raises serious security and trustworthiness concerns for the application of LLMs in healthcare settings. It accentuates the need for robust protective measures, thorough verification mechanisms, and stringent management of access to these models, ensuring their reliable and safe use in medical practice.
Multifunctional ICG‐SB@Lip‐ZA Nanosystem Focuses on Remodeling the Inflammatory‐Immunosuppressive Microenvironment After Photothermal Therapy to Potentiate Cancer Photothermal Immunotherapy
Authors: Yi Cao, E Wen, Qiaoqi Chen, Xingsheng Li, Zhigang Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Achieving full eradication of residual tumors post photothermal therapy (PTT) hinges on the immune system's activation and response. Nevertheless, the resultant local inflammation attracts a significant influx of aberrant immune cells and fibroblasts, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), following tumor PTT. This phenomenon exacerbates immune evasion and the persistence of residual tumor cells, culminating in tumor recurrence and advancement. To tackle this challenge, a combined therapeutic approach utilizing multifunctional ICG-SB@Lip-ZA nanosystem has been introduced. Indocyanine green (ICG) as a photothermal-transducer ablated tumor cells, zoledronic acid (ZA) depletes TAMs recruited by the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (mostly M2-like phenotype), SB-505124 affects CAFs proliferation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β） pathway, thereby removing physical barriers to T cell infiltration. In a breast cancer model, these immunomodulatory nanoliposomes markedly decrease the population of M2-like TAMs in the TME, eliminate physical barriers hindering T cell infiltration, reshape the inflammatory immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment, eventually leading to a rate of tumor eradication of 94%. This multifunctional ICG-SB@Lip-ZA nanosystem (including photothermal conversion, TAM depletion, and TGF-β pathway blockade) offers a promising strategy for mitigating the deteriorating tumor microenvironment following PTT and presents a more efficient approach for clinical photothermal-immune combination therapy.
In Situ Crystallized Ceria‐Vesicle Nanohybrid Therapeutic for Effective Treatment of Inflammatory Intraocular Disease
Authors: Jiawei Zhao, Yingjie Wang, Yiquan Zhang, Xinyu Guo, Han Bao, Yong Tao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Posterior uveitis is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness globally due to its detrimental effects on the choroid and retina. The condition is worsened by oxidative stress, which heightens inflammation and perpetuates a cycle of damage that current treatments only temporarily relieve. To address this, a novel treatment involving the in situ crystallization of ultrasmall cerium oxide nanoparticles (≈3 nm) on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the management of primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) is developed. This nanohybrid leverages the individual and synergistic effects of its components for a comprehensive therapeutic approach. The cerium oxide nanoparticles act as a nanozyme to reduce inflammation and scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the MSC EVs, with their biocompatibility, modulate inflammatory cell infiltration and alleviate tissue damage. This synergistic system offers a promising new treatment strategy for ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Systematic perturbation screens identify regulators of inflammatory macrophage states and a role for TNF mRNA m6A modification
Authors: Simone M. Haag, Shiqi Xie, Celine Eidenschenk, Jean-Philippe Fortin, Marinella Callow, Mike Costa, Aaron Lun, Chris Cox, Sunny Z. Wu, Rachana N. Pradhan, Jaclyn Lock, Julia A. Kuhn, Loryn Holokai, Minh Thai, Emily Freund, Ariane Nissenbaum, Mary Keir, Christopher J. Bohlen, Scott Martin, Kathryn Geiger-Schuller, Hussein A. Hejase, Brian L. Yaspan, Sandra Melo Carlos, Shannon J. Turley, Aditya Murthy
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)
Global genomic surveillance of monkeypox virus
Authors: James R. Otieno, Christopher Ruis, Anyebe B. Onoja, Krutika Kuppalli, Ana Hoxha, Andreas Nitsche, Annika Brinkmann, Janine Michel, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Muntasir Mohammed Osman, Hanadi Hussein, Muhammad Ali Raja, Richard Fotsing, Belinda L. Herring, Mory Keita, Jairo Mendez Rico, Lionel Gresh, Amal Barakat, Victoria Katawera, Karen Nahapetyan, Dhamari Naidoo, R. Andres Floto, Jane Cunningham, Maria D. Van Kerkhove, Rosamund F. Lewis, Lorenzo Subissi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Delivering siMDM2 Sensitize Oxaliplatin Therapy Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yunlong Li, Zhiyuan Liu, Ping Wang, Xuerong Gu, Fei Ling, Jiayuan Zhong, Dong Yin, Rui Liu, Xueqing Yao, Chengzhi Huang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Oxaliplatin (OXA) is the first‐line drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), and susceptibility to drug resistance affects patient prognosis. However, the exact underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Platinum‐acquired resistance in CRC is a continuous transition process; though, current research has mainly focused on the end state of drug resistance, and the early events of drug resistance have been ignored. In this study, single‐cell transcriptome sequencing is combined with a dynamic network biomarker (DNB), and found that the functional inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I occur early in the development of attained resistance to OXA in CRC cells, as evidenced by a decrease in the levels of subunit proteins, primarily NDUFB8. Specifically, the mouse double minute 2 homologue (MDM2) mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of NDUFB8, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under chemotherapeutic stress, consequently contributing to drug resistance. Based on this, the study constructs engineered extracellular vesicles carrying siMDM2 by electroporation and validates the application of EV‐siMDM2 to improve the efficacy of OXA‐based chemotherapy by inhibiting the MDM2/NDUFB8/ROS signaling axis in patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) and hepatic and pulmonary metastasis mouse models, thus providing new ideas and an experimental basis for the platinum‐resistant treatment of CRC.
Development and assessment of a machine learning tool for predicting emergency admission in Scotland
Authors: James Liley, Gergo Bohner, Samuel R. Emerson, Bilal A. Mateen, Katie Borland, David Carr, Scott Heald, Samuel D. Oduro, Jill Ireland, Keith Moffat, Rachel Porteous, Stephen Riddell, Simon Rogers, Ioanna Thoma, Nathan Cunningham, Chris Holmes, Katrina Payne, Sebastian J. Vollmer, Catalina A. Vallejos, Louis J. M. Aslett
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Emergency admissions (EA), where a patient requires urgent in-hospital care, are a major challenge for healthcare systems. The development of risk prediction models can partly alleviate this problem by supporting primary care interventions and public health planning. Here, we introduce SPARRAv4, a predictive score for EA risk that will be deployed nationwide in Scotland. SPARRAv4 was derived using supervised and unsupervised machine-learning methods applied to routinely collected electronic health records from approximately 4.8M Scottish residents (2013-18). We demonstrate improvements in discrimination and calibration with respect to previous scores deployed in Scotland, as well as stability over a 3-year timeframe. Our analysis also provides insights about the epidemiology of EA risk in Scotland, by studying predictive performance across different population sub-groups and reasons for admission, as well as by quantifying the effect of individual input features. Finally, we discuss broader challenges including reproducibility and how to safely update risk prediction models that are already deployed at population level.
“Osteo‐Organogenesis Niche” Hyaluronic Acid Engineered Materials Directing Re‐Osteo‐Organogenesis via Manipulating Macrophage CD44‐MAPK/ERK‐ETV1/5‐MRC1 Axis
Authors: Zongpu Han, Yixiong Lin, Xinyu Guo, Jieyun Xu, Xiaomeng Gao, Ruihan Yang, Yuan Zhao, Mixiao Gui, Linjun Zhang, Yuanlong Guo, Zetao Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract The strategy of re‐organogenesis provides an optimal framework for restoring complex organ structures and functions in adult damage. While the focus has often been on restoring organogenesis stem cells, there is limited investigations of reverting the environmental niche to support this approach. The guiding principle of “Nature selects the fittest to survive” drives the intricate dynamic changes in cellular events within the niche environment, especially through immune surveillance. The extracellular matrix (ECM) serves as the “self‐associated molecular patterns” of the niche, containing extensive data on cell‐niche reaction data and acting as the active tuner of immune surveillance. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) is identified as a unique component of the ECM in cranial osteo‐organogenesis. Mechanistically, HA activates the Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44)‐Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase (ERK)‐Ets Variant 1/5 (ETV1/5)‐ Mannose Receptor C‐Type 1 (MRC1) axis in macrophages, establishing a distinct immune surveillance during osteo‐organogenesis. Furthermore, HA is utilized as a novel engineered material for an “Osteo‐organogenesis niche”, restoring immune surveillance and synergistically regulating stem cells to achieve re‐osteo‐organogenesis in cranial defects of rats. Taken together, the study unveils a previously unknown strategy for leveraging re‐organogenesis by utilizing “organogenesis niche” ECM engineered materials to manipulate immune surveillance, thereby comprehensively regulating stem cells and other tissue cells effectively for re‐organogenesis.
Next‐Generation Approaches for Biomedical Materials Evaluation: Microfluidics and Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Technologies
Authors: Yuxuan Li, Ke Sun, Yi Shao, Cheng Wang, Feng Xue, Chenglin Chu, Zhongze Gu, Zaozao Chen, Jing Bai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Biological evaluation of biomedical materials faces constraints imposed by the limitations of traditional in vitro and animal experiments. Currently, miniaturized and biomimetic microfluidic technologies and organ‐on‐chip systems have garnered widespread attention in the field of drug development. However, their exploration in the context of biomedical material evaluation and medical device development remains relatively limited. In this review, a summary of existing biological evaluation methods, highlighting their respective advantages and drawbacks is provided. The application of microfluidic technologies in the evaluation of biomedical materials, emphasizing the potential of organ‐on‐chip systems as highly biomimetic in vitro models in material evaluation is then focused. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with utilizing organ‐on‐chip systems to evaluate biomedical materials in the field of material evaluation are discussed. In conclusion, the integration of advanced microfluidic technologies and organ‐on‐chip systems presents a potential paradigm shift in the biological assessment of biomedical materials, offering the prospective of more accurate and predictive in vitro models in the development of medical devices.
Industry‐Scalable Reusable Textile Electrodes for Neurostimulation Applications
Authors: Merwa Al‐Rasheed, Emily Lam, Mohammad Jambar, Jean Paul Ilogon, Sandra Gardner, Ladan Eskandarian, Amirali Toossi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Neurostimulation delivers electrical pulses to modulate neuromuscular activity. Commonly used in medical interventions from pain relief to rehabilitation, neurostimulation typically uses manually placed hydrogel electrodes over the treated region. However, this method limits interventions requiring frequent, long‐term daily use. To address this, novel fully textile electrodes are developed using industrial programmable knitting machines. These electrodes are designed to be washable, reusable, flexible, and breathable, with embedded interconnects. Textile electrodes are made of yarns with stainless steel and PEDOT‐coated stainless steel conductive components. The electrodes' performance are compared with gel electrodes, characterizing impedance, sensorimotor stimulation thresholds, recruitment of induced movements, sensation levels, and perceived sensations. The effects of residential wash cycles and continuous use duration are also investigated. The proposed electrodes are found to perform similarly to hydrogel electrodes in all characterized metrics. No degradation in electrode performance is found after at least 30 wash cycles. Electrodes remained functionally intact after 1000 cycles of stretch loading at 50% of break strain. The textile electrodes consistently induced comfortable sensorimotor responses for at least six hours after donning. The proposed textile electrodes offer a novel and effective solution for neurostimulation interventions, paving the way for integration into smart garments and long‐term wearable health technologies.