tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bariatric Surgery Reduces Breast Cancer Incidence in a Prospective Trial
Authors: Swati A. Kulkarni, Helene M. Sterbling
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Autofluorescence-Guided Total Thyroidectomy in Low-Volume, Nonparathyroid Institutions
Authors: Ali Abood, Lars Rolighed, Frédéric Triponez, Peter Vestergaard, Jacob Bach, Therese Ovesen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Hypoparathyroidism following thyroid surgery is a serious complication that occurs frequently when surgery is performed by low-volume thyroid surgeons without experience in parathyroid surgery. Objective To evaluate the occurrence of hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy after the introduction of autofluorescence in low-volume, nonparathyroid institutions. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, multicenter cohort study, with a follow-up period of up to 1 year, was conducted in Denmark at 2 low-volume nonparathyroid institutions between January 2021 and November 2023. All adult patients referred for total thyroidectomy were assessed for eligibility (n = 90). Only patients with no history of thyroid surgery were considered (n = 89). Patients who only underwent lobectomy (n = 6) or declined to participate (n = 5) were excluded. All included patients completed follow-up. The prospective cohort was compared with a historical cohort of successive patients undergoing primary total thyroidectomy from 2016 to 2020 (before autofluorescence was available). Intervention Included patients underwent autofluorescence-guided total thyroidectomy. Main outcomes and Measures Rate of hypoparathyroidism. Immediate hypoparathyroidism was defined as the need for active vitamin D postoperatively, whereas permanent hypoparathyroidism was considered when there still was a need for active vitamin D 1 year after surgery. Results Seventy-eight patients underwent autofluorescence-guided surgery (mean [SD] age, 55.6 [13.1] years; 67 [86%] female) and were compared with 89 patients in the historical cohort (mean [SD] age, 49.7 [12.8] years; 78 [88%] female). The rate of immediate hypoparathyroidism decreased from 37% (95% CI, 27%-48%) to 19% (95% CI, 11%-30%) after the introduction of autofluorescence ( P = .02). Permanent hypoparathyroidism rates decreased from 32% (95% CI, 22%-42%) to 6% (95% CI, 2%-14%) ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001), reaching 0% at the end of the study. More parathyroid glands were identified with autofluorescence (75% [95% CI, 70%-80%] vs 61% [95% CI, 56%-66%]) ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and less parathyroid glands were inadvertently excised (4% [95% CI, 1%-11%] vs 21% [95% CI, 13%-31%]) ( P = .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of autofluorescence-guided thyroid surgery in low-volume, nonparathyroid institutions, the use of autofluorescence was associated with a significant decrease in both immediate and permanent hypoparathyroidism. When autofluorescence was used, hypoparathyroidism rates were comparable with those of high-volume surgeons who also perform parathyroid surgery.
Short-Acting, Full Agonist Opioids During Initiation of Opioid Agonist Treatment in the Fentanyl Era
Authors: Andrew J. Saxon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Jeong Eun Min, MSc; Brenda Carolina Guerra-Alejos, MD, MPH; Ruyu Yan, BA; Heather Palis, PhD; Brittany Barker, PhD; Karen Urbanoski, PhD; Bernie Pauly, RN, PhD; Amanda Slaunwhite, PhD; Paxton Bach, MD, MSc; Corey Ranger, RN; Ashley Heaslip, MD, MPH; Bohdan Nosyk, PhD
Opioid Coprescription Through Risk Mitigation Guidance and Opioid Agonist Treatment Receipt
Authors: Jeong Eun Min, Brenda Carolina Guerra-Alejos, Ruyu Yan, Heather Palis, Brittany Barker, Karen Urbanoski, Bernie Pauly, Amanda Slaunwhite, Paxton Bach, Corey Ranger, Ashley Heaslip, Bohdan Nosyk
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of British Columbia, Canada, released clinical guidance to support physicians and nurse practitioners in prescribing pharmaceutical alternatives to the toxic drug supply. These alternatives included opioids and other medications under the risk mitigation guidance (RMG), a limited form of prescribed safer supply, designed to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and harms associated with illicit drug use. Many clinicians chose to coprescribe opioid medications under RMG alongside opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Objective To examine whether prescription of hydromorphone tablets or sustained-release oral morphine (opioid RMG) and OAT coprescription compared with OAT alone is associated with subsequent OAT receipt. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted from March 27, 2020, to August 31, 2021, included individuals from 10 linked health administrative databases from British Columbia, Canada. Individuals who were receiving OAT at opioid RMG initiation and individuals who were receiving OAT and eligible but unexposed to opioid RMG were propensity score matched at opioid RMG initiation on sociodemographic and clinical variables. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and February 2024. Exposure Opioid RMG receipt (≥4 days, 1-3 days, or 0 days of opioid RMG dispensed) in a given week. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was OAT receipt, defined as at least 1 dispensed dose of OAT in the subsequent week. A marginal structural modeling approach was used to control for potential time-varying confounding. Results A total of 4636 individuals (2955 [64%] male; median age, 38 [31-47] years after matching) were receiving OAT at the time of first opioid RMG dispensation (2281 receiving ongoing OAT and 2352 initiating RMG and OAT concurrently). Opioid RMG receipt of 1 to 3 days in a given week increased the probability of OAT receipt by 27% in the subsequent week (adjusted risk ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.25-1.30), whereas receipt of opioid RMG for 4 days or more resulted in a 46% increase in the probability of OAT receipt in the subsequent week (adjusted risk ratio, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.43-1.49) compared with those not receiving opioid RMG. The biological gradient was robust to different exposure classifications, and the association was stronger among those initiating opioid RMG and OAT concurrently. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study, which acknowledged the intermittent use of both medications, demonstrated that individuals who were coprescribed opioid RMG had higher adjusted probability of continued OAT receipt or reengagement compared with those not receiving opioid RMG.
Multidimensional Approach to Exploring Neighborhood Determinants and Symptom Severity Among Individuals With Psychosis
Authors: Oladunni Oluwoye, Megan Puzia, Ari Lissau, Ofer Amram, Douglas L. Weeks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The impact of cumulative exposure to neighborhood factors on psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity prior to specialized services for psychosis is unknown. Objective To identify latent neighborhood profiles based on unique combinations of social, economic, and environmental factors, and validate profiles by examining differences in symptom severity among individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used neighborhood demographic data and health outcome data for US individuals with FEP receiving services between January 2017 and August 2022. Eligible participants were between ages 14 and 40 years and enrolled in a state-level coordinated specialty care network. A 2-step approach was used to characterize neighborhood profiles using census-tract data and link profiles to mental health outcomes. Data were analyzed March 2023 through October 2023. Exposures Economic and social determinants of health; housing conditions; land use; urbanization; walkability; access to transportation, outdoor space, groceries, and health care; health outcomes; and environmental exposure. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences 15-item, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. Results The total sample included 225 individuals aged 14 to 36 years (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [4.0] years; 152 men [69.1%]; 9 American Indian or Alaska Native [4.2%], 13 Asian or Pacific Islander [6.0%], 19 Black [8.9%], 118 White [55.1%]; 55 Hispanic ethnicity [26.2%]). Of the 3 distinct profiles identified, nearly half of participants (112 residents [49.8%]) lived in urban high-risk neighborhoods, 56 (24.9%) in urban low-risk neighborhoods, and 57 (25.3%) in rural neighborhoods. After controlling for individual characteristics, compared with individuals residing in rural neighborhoods, individuals residing in urban high-risk (mean estimate [SE], 0.17 [0.07]; P = .01) and urban low-risk neighborhoods (mean estimate [SE], 0.25 [0.12]; P = .04) presented with more severe psychotic symptoms. Individuals in urban high-risk neighborhoods reported more severe depression (mean estimate [SE], 1.97 [0.79]; P = .01) and anxiety (mean estimate [SE], 1.12 [0.53]; P = .04) than those in rural neighborhoods. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that in a cohort of individuals with FEP, baseline psychosis, depression, and anxiety symptom severity differed by distinct multidimensional neighborhood profiles that were associated with where individuals reside. Exploring the cumulative effect of neighborhood factors improves our understanding of social, economic, and environmental impacts on symptoms and psychosis risk which could potentially impact treatment outcomes.
Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics
Authors: Joshua B. Simpson, Morgan E. Walker, Joshua J. Sekela, Samantha M. Ivey, Parth B. Jariwala, Cameron M. Storch, Mark E. Kowalewski, Amanda L. Graboski, Adam D. Lietzan, William G. Walton, Kacey A. Davis, Erica W. Cloer, Valentina Borlandelli, Yun-Chung Hsiao, Lee R. Roberts, David H. Perlman, Xue Liang, Hermen S. Overkleeft, Aadra P. Bhatt, Kun Lu, Matthew R. Redinbo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)

Hormones and neurotransmitters are essential to homeostasis, and their disruptions are connected to diseases ranging from cancer to anxiety. The differential reactivation of endobiotic glucuronides by gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes may influence interindividual differences in the onset and treatment of disease. Using multi-omic, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we show that germ-free mice have reduced levels of active endobiotics and that distinct gut microbial Loop 1 and FMN GUS enzymes drive hormone and neurotransmitter reactivation. We demonstrate that a range of FDA-approved drugs prevent this reactivation by intercepting the catalytic cycle of the enzymes in a conserved fashion. Finally, we find that inhibiting GUS in conventional mice reduces free serotonin and increases its inactive glucuronide in the serum and intestines. Our results illuminate the indispensability of gut microbial enzymes in sustaining endobiotic homeostasis and indicate that therapeutic disruptions of this metabolism promote interindividual response variabilities.
Osteosarcopenia and Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Patrick T. O’Gara, Vinay Guduguntla, Robert O. Bonow
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Clinical implications of CSF-ctDNA positivity in newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Jin-Hua Liang, Yi-Fan Wu, Hao-Rui Shen, Yue Li, Jun-Heng Liang, Rui Gao, Wei Hua, Chun-Yu Shang, Kai-Xin Du, Tong-Yao Xing, Xin-Yu Zhang, Chen-Xuan Wang, Liu-Qing Zhu, Yang W Shao, Jian-Yong Li, Jia-Zhu Wu, Hua Yin, Li Wang, Wei Xu
Journal: Leukemia (2024)
scRank infers drug-responsive cell types from untreated scRNA-seq data using a target-perturbed gene regulatory network
Authors: Chengyu Li, Xin Shao, Shujing Zhang, Yingchao Wang, Kaiyu Jin, Penghui Yang, Xiaoyan Lu, Xiaohui Fan, Yi Wang
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Cells respond divergently to drugs due to the heterogeneity among cell populations. Thus, it is crucial to identify drug-responsive cell populations in order to accurately elucidate the mechanism of drug action, which is still a great challenge. Here, we address this problem with scRank, which employs a target-perturbed gene regulatory network to rank drug-responsive cell populations via in silico drug perturbations using untreated single-cell transcriptomic data. We benchmark scRank on simulated and real datasets, which shows the superior performance of scRank over existing methods. When applied to medulloblastoma and major depressive disorder datasets, scRank identifies drug-responsive cell types that are consistent with the literature. Moreover, scRank accurately uncovers the macrophage subpopulation responsive to tanshinone IIA and its potential targets in myocardial infarction, with experimental validation. In conclusion, scRank enables the inference of drug-responsive cell types using untreated single-cell data, thus providing insights into the cellular-level impacts of therapeutic interventions.
Dose-Dependent Association Between Body Mass Index and Mental Health and Changes Over Time
Authors: Shanquan Chen, Hao Zhang, Min Gao, Daiane Borges Machado, Huajie Jin, Nathaniel Scherer, Wei Sun, Feng Sha, Tracey Smythe, Tamsin J. Ford, Hannah Kuper
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Overweight and obesity affect 340 million adolescents worldwide and constitute a risk factor for poor mental health. Understanding the association between body mass index (BMI) and mental health in adolescents may help to address rising mental health issues; however, existing studies lack comprehensive evaluations spanning diverse countries and periods.
Breast Cancer Risk After Bariatric Surgery and Influence of Insulin Levels
Authors: Felipe M. Kristensson, Johanna C. Andersson-Assarsson, Markku Peltonen, Peter Jacobson, Sofie Ahlin, Per-Arne Svensson, Kajsa Sjöholm, Lena M. S. Carlsson, Magdalena Taube
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Obesity and insulin are risk factors for breast cancer, and retrospective studies suggest bariatric surgery reduces breast cancer risk in women. However, long-term prospective data on breast cancer risk after bariatric surgery and the role of baseline insulin levels are lacking.
Type IV-A3 CRISPR-Cas systems drive inter-plasmid conflicts by acquiring spacers in trans
Authors: Fabienne Benz, Sarah Camara-Wilpert, Jakob Russel, Katharina G. Wandera, Rimvydė Čepaitė, Manuel Ares-Arroyo, José Vicente Gomes-Filho, Frank Englert, Johannes A. Kuehn, Silvana Gloor, Mario Rodríguez Mestre, Aline Cuénod, Mònica Aguilà-Sans, Lorrie Maccario, Adrian Egli, Lennart Randau, Patrick Pausch, Eduardo P.C. Rocha, Chase L. Beisel, Jonas Stenløkke Madsen, David Bikard, Alex R. Hall, Søren Johannes Sørensen, Rafael Pinilla-Redondo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Clinical Course, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Genomic Sequencing of <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i>
Authors: Avrom S. Caplan, Gabrielle C. Todd, YanChun Zhu, Michelle Sikora, Christine C. Akoh, Jeannette Jakus, Shari R. Lipner, Kayla Babbush Graber, Karen P. Acker, Ayana E. Morales, Rebecca M. Marrero Rolón, Lars F. Westblade, Maira Fonseca, Abigail Cline, Jeremy A. W. Gold, Shawn R. Lockhart, Dallas J. Smith, Tom Chiller, William G. Greendyke, Swati R. Manjari, Nilesh K. Banavali, Sudha Chaturvedi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Importance Trichophyton indotineae is an emerging dermatophyte causing outbreaks of extensive tinea infections often unresponsive to terbinafine. This species has been detected worldwide and in multiple US states, yet detailed US data on infections with T indotineae are sparse and could improve treatment practices and medical understanding of transmission. Objective To correlate clinical features of T indotineae infections with in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing results, squalene epoxidase gene sequence variations, and isolate relatedness using whole-genome sequencing. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study of patients with T indotineae infections in New York City spanned May 2022 to May 2023. Patients with confirmed T indotineae infections were recruited from 6 New York City medical centers. Main Outcome and Measure Improvement or resolution at the last follow-up assessment. Results Among 11 patients with T indotineae (6 male and 5 female patients; median [range] age, 39 [10-65] years), 2 were pregnant; 1 had lymphoma; and the remainder were immunocompetent. Nine patients reported previous travel to Bangladesh. All had widespread lesions with variable scale and inflammation, topical antifungal monotherapy failure, and diagnostic delays (range, 3-42 months). Terbinafine treatment failed in 7 patients at standard doses (250 mg daily) for prolonged duration; these patients also had isolates with amino acid substitutions at positions 393 (L393S) or 397 (F397L) in squalene epoxidase that correlated with elevated terbinafine minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL or higher. Patients who were treated with fluconazole and griseofulvin improved in 2 of 4 and 2 of 5 instances, respectively, without correlation between outcomes and antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, 5 of 7 patients treated with itraconazole cleared or had improvement at the last follow-up, and 2 of 7 were lost to follow-up or stopped treatment. Based on whole-genome sequencing analysis, US isolates formed a cluster distinct from Indian isolates. Conclusion and Relevance The results of this case series suggest that disease severity, diagnostic delays, and lack of response to typically used doses and durations of antifungals for tinea were common in this primarily immunocompetent patient cohort with T indotineae , consistent with published data. Itraconazole was generally effective, and the acquisition of infection was likely in Bangladesh.
Osteosarcopenia and Mortality in Older Adults Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Pablo Solla-Suarez, Saleena Gul Arif, Fayeza Ahmad, Neelabh Rastogi, Andrew Meng, Joshua M. Cohen, Julia Rodighiero, Nicolo Piazza, Giuseppe Martucci, Sandra Lauck, John G. Webb, Dae H. Kim, Bojan Kovacina, Jonathan Afilalo
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome characterized by age-related deterioration in muscle and bone. Despite the established relevance of frailty and sarcopenia among older adults undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), osteosarcopenia has yet to be investigated in this setting.
Arming Vδ2 T Cells with Chimeric Antigen Receptors to Combat Cancer
Authors: Pauline Thomas, Pierre Paris, Claire Pecqueur
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach in the field of cancer treatment, with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrating remarkable success. However, challenges such as tumor antigen heterogeneity, immune evasion, and the limited persistence of CAR-T cells have prompted the exploration of alternative cell types for CAR-based strategies. Gamma delta T cells, a unique subset of lymphocytes with inherent tumor recognition capabilities and versatile immune functions, have garnered increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we present how arming Vδ2-T cells might be the basis for next-generation immunotherapies against solid tumors. Following a comprehensive overview of γδ T-cell biology and innovative CAR engineering strategies, we discuss the clinical potential of Vδ2 CAR-T cells in overcoming the current limitations of immunotherapy in solid tumors. Although the applications of Vδ2 CAR-T cells in cancer research are relatively in their infancy and many challenges are yet to be identified, Vδ2 CAR-T cells represent a promising breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy.