tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9590: Early Blood Lowering Effects of Renal Sympathetic Denervation
Authors: Alexander Plehn, Daniel Holzapfel, Uwe Raaz, Axel Schlitt, Sebastian Dietz, Michael Buerke, Britt Hofmann, Silke Markau, Matthias Girndt, Karl Werdan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction and Hypothesis Hypertension is a major global health problem. Renal sympathetic hyperactivity has been identified as a major contributor to the complex pathophysiology of hypertension. Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has been shown to significantly reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with severe hypertension. According to Symplicity HTN-1 and -2 trials it is known that the BP lowering effect will take about 1 to 6 month to develop. However, there is little information available on the immediate BP lowering effects of RDN. Our study carefully investigated early BP response to RDN in a cohort of patients with resistant hypertension (systolic BP &gt;150 mm Hg on &gt;3 antihypertensive drugs). Methods and Results Our study enrolled 28 consecutive patients (mean age 65 years, 48% women, 47% diabetic). Baseline values included a mean of 5.7 antihypertensive medications. A 24h Holter BP monitoring was recorded in every patient 24h before and after RDN. BP readings were then averaged according to daytime (7:00am-22:00pm), night (22:00pm-7:00am) and 24 hours intervals (figure 1). In treated patients mean averaged systolic BP was reduced by 15.3±3.34 mmHg (p&lt;0.001) during the first 24 hours. Systolic BP reduction appeared to be much higher at daytime (17.5±3.59 mmHG; p&lt;0.001) compared to night (9.6±3.88 mmHg; p&lt;0.021) which might indicate the role of sympathetic activity at daytime. A concordant effect on diastolic BP was observed: 6.9±1.72 mmHg (p&lt;0.001). Heart rate was not affected at the early time points (1.64±1.62; p=0.319). The missing changes in heart rate may indicate the absence of inpatient stress factors that could have influenced BP. Conclusion In patients with resistant hypertension, catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation results in an immediate substantial reduction of systolic and diastolic BP. The relationship between the immediate and long-term BP lowering effect of RDN-therapy remains to be investigated.
Dose-finding trial of D-cycloserine added to neuroleptics for negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: D C Goff, G Tsai, D S Manoach, J T Coyle
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors conducted a dose-finding study of D-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of the glutamate receptor, added to conventional neuroleptics for schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms.Nine patients with schizophrenia completed consecutive 2-week trials of placebo and four doses of D-cycloserine. Clinical assessments were videotaped and were scored by a rater who was blind to temporal sequence.D-Cycloserine at a dose of 50 mg/day produced a significant reduction (mean = 21%, SD = 28%) in negative symptoms and significantly improved reaction time as measured by Sternberg's Item Recognition Paradigm, a test mediated in part by prefrontal cortex.This preliminary evidence suggests that D-cycloserine may improve negative symptoms and cognitive deficits over a narrow dose range when added to conventional antipsychotic agents.
Should we screen for gestational diabetes? “The concept of gestational diabetes was popularised before considerations of evidence based medicine came on the scene”
Authors: R J Jarrett
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Education and debateShould we screen for gestational diabetes?R J Jarrett wrote to us arguing that gestational diabetes was a muddled concept that provided uncertain benefits for mother and infant.We invited Richard Beard and colleagues to put the other side of the argument and make the case for screening all pregnant women for gestational diabetes
Abstract 5935: Influence of Recent Advances in the Management of Heart Failure and Ventricular Arrhythmias on Survival in Patients with Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Yoshikazu Yazaki, Mitsuaki Horigome, Kazunori Aizawa, Takeshi Tomita, Hiroki Kasai, Atsushi Izawa, Minoru Hongo, Uichi Ikeda, Morie Sekiguchi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background : We previously described severity of heart failure and ventricular tachycardia (VT) as independent predictors of mortality in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). Medical treatment for chronic heart failure has been established over the last few decades. Prophylactic use of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT or CRT-D) have been introduced in patients with severe heart failure. We therefore hypothesized that the prognosis of CS improves due to such advances in the management of heart failure and VT. Methods : To confirm our hypothesis, we analyzed 43 CS patients diagnosed between 1988 and 2006 and treated with corticosteroids. We classified two sequential referral patients diagnosed between 1988 and 1997 (n=19) and between 1998 and 2006 (n=24), and compared treatment and prognosis between the two cohorts. Results : Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and dimensions were similar between the two cohorts. Although age in the 1988–1997 referral cohort was significantly younger than that in the 1998–2006 referral cohort (54±14years versus 62±10years, p&lt;0.05), survival in the earlier cohort was significantly worse (log-rank=4.41, p&lt;0.05). The 1- and 5-year mortality rates were 88% and 71% in the 1988–1997 referral cohort, and 96% and 92% in the 1998–2006 referral cohort, respectively. The 1998–2006 referral cohort showed significantly higher incidence of ICD or CRT-D implantation (29% versus 6%, p&lt;0.05), β-blocker use (46% versus 6%, p&lt;0.01) and addition of methotrexate (21% versus 0%, p&lt;0.05), and increased maintenance dose (7.0±1.9mg/day versus 5.0±0.9mg/day, p&lt;0.01) compared to the 1988–1997 referral cohort. Multivariate analysis including age, LVEF, and sustained ventricular tachycardia (sVT) identified diagnosis between 1988 and 1997 (hazard ratio [HR]: 19.8, p&lt;0.01) and LVEF (HR: 0.83/1% increase, p&lt;0.01) as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusions : Survival in the recent CS patients is significantly better than previously described. Recent advances in the device therapies and medical treatments including modified immunosuppression alter the clinical outcome in patients with CS.
General Recommendations on Immunization
Authors: Andrew T. Kroger, William L. Atkinson, Edgar K. Marcuse, Larry K. Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1989)

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Abstract 1182: Inflammation Impairs Reverse Cholesterol Transport <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Fiona C McGillicuddy, Christine C Hinkle, Michelle R Joshi, Elise H Chiquoine, Jeffrey T Billheimer, George H Rothblat, Daniel J Rader, Muredach P Reilly
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction : Activation of innate immune responses have been postulated to impair reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In this proof of concept study we provide the first in vivo functional evidence to support this hypothesis by tracking macrophage 3 H-cholesterol into plasma, liver, bile and feces in C57BL/6 mice during endotoxemia. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10mg/kg daily for 2 days) or saline prior to intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 3 H-cholesterol-loaded macrophages. 3 H-cholesterol levels in plasma, liver, spleen, bile and feces were measured over 48 h. Lipid profiles were analyzed, enzymatically, using a Cobas FARA analyzer. Plasma (5 %), isolated from control or LPS treated mice (without macrophage injection), was used as an acceptor in ex vivo cholesterol efflux studies from 3 H-cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages. Results: In a pilot non-RCT study (n = 4), as previously reported, LPS significantly increased total and HDL cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride levels (2.05 ± 0.09, 2.41 ± 0.28, 1.98 ± 0.08 and 2.57 ± 0.33 fold increase respectively, p &lt; 0.01). In RCT studies, despite increased HDL cholesterol, LPS significantly decreased 3 H-cholesterol plasma counts at 4 h (−20.4 ± 2.0 %, p &lt; 0.001) and 24 h (−27.1 ± 3.4 %, p &lt; 0.001), as well as 3 H-cholesterol in liver, bile and feces (22.9 ± 3.2, 41.9 ± 10.7, and 75.3 ± 4.1 % decrease, p &lt; 0.05, p = 0.05 and p &lt; 0.01 respectively) (n = 8 –12 per group). LPS decreased hepatic SRB1, ABCG1, ABCG5 and HL mRNA expression. Ex vivo efflux to plasma isolated from LPS treated mice was significantly impaired relative to control (77.5 ± 7.4 % of control, p &lt; 0.05, n = 5). Conclusions: Sub-acute endotoxemia impaired RCT in mice, despite increased plasma HDL cholesterol levels. This coincided with reduced hepatic expression of the HDL receptor, SRB1, and the transporters responsible for cholesterol transport to bile, ABCG5/8. In addition, ex vivo studies suggest impaired HDL particle efflux function during endotoxemia. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time in vivo that inflammation impairs several components of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway.
Intralesional Interferon-α for Conjunctival Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Maria Antonietta Blasi, Alessandra C. Tiberti, Paola Valente, Michela Laguardia, Maria Grazia Sammarco, Angelo Balestrazzi, Luigi M. Larocca, Emilio Balestrazzi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Abstract P298: An Obesogenic Neighborhood Environment Factor Score and Changes in BMI in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Katie A Meyer, Kiyah J Duffey, Daniel A Rodriguez, Cora E Lewis, Catarina I Kiefe, Penny Gordon-Larsen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

We sought to identify obesogenic elements of the neighborhood environment using 15 years of individual-level and GIS-derived data in the CARDIA cohort (n=5,115; aged 18-30 at year 0, 1985/86), and to test associations with 15-year BMI change. We first used reduced rank regression (RRR) to derive a weighted combination (factor score) of environmental variables that explained variability in obesity-promoting diet and physical activity (PA) behaviors. RRR outcome variables were diet quality, fast food consumption, and PA; predictors of these behaviors were neighborhood-level indicators of walkability, PA facilities, restaurants and food stores, food prices, cost of living, population density, and neighborhood SES. In our model, a high score reflected: 1) a greater number of fee-based PA facilities, 2) higher food prices, and 3) higher neighborhood SES. We next quantified the association between the factor score and BMI change, hypothesizing an inverse association. In repeated-measures linear regression (4 waves; n=16,343), we observed significant inverse associations between the time-varying environmental factor score and BMI increases, with larger increases among those younger at baseline (figure), adjusting for time-varying covariates. Using a novel application of RRR, we identified an obesogenic score of environmental components that explained variability in diet and PA behaviors and was associated with BMI change in CARDIA.
Plasma N-Terminal B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as an Indicator of Long-Term Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparison With Plasma Midregional Pro-Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Sohail Q. Khan, Onkar Dhillon, Dominic Kelly, Iain B. Squire, Joachim Struck, Paulene Quinn, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Andreas Bergmann, Joan E. Davies, Leong L. Ng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Abstract 13198: Complete Left Atrial Surgical Ablation with Bipolar Radiofrequency Effectively Treats Atrial Fibrillation but Decreases Left Atrial Function
Authors: Marieke G Compier, Jerry Braun, Victoria Delgado, Katja Zeppenfeld, Robert J Klautz, Martin J Schalij, Serge A Trines
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction - Complete bipolar left atrial (LA) surgical ablation is a relatively new procedure for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Although this procedure is effective, the extensive lesio...
Abstract 19632: Appropriate Use of Inpatient Repeat Echocardiography in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Anu Vellanki, Stephen P Baker, Gerard P Aurigemma, Dennis A Tighe
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Echocardiography is used with increasing frequency to address clinical cardiac questions. With its increasing use, criteria have been promulgated for the appropriate use (AUC) of Echo by the ACC/ASE. Little information currently exists on the inpatient use of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) when a prior study (repeat) has been performed recently. Our aim was to study the application of 2011 AUC criteria on clinical management for inpatient repeat TTE in a tertiary care center. Methods: Over a 1-month period in 2012, written requests for 500 consecutive inpatient TTEs were evaluated. The echo database was queried to determine if a TTE had been performed within 1 yr. Indications for repeat TTE were categorized as appropriate (A), uncertain (U) and inappropriate (I) based on AUC criteria. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess impact of the AUC categorized results on clinical management. Results: Of the 500 TTEs, 131(26%) were repeat studies. Per AUC, 49% were considered A, 17% U and 34% I. Among these repeat TTEs, 53% played a role in clinical management, while 47% had no discernible role. A significant difference was found in clinical management among A, U, I groups (84.4% vs. 50% vs. 8.9%, p&lt;0.0001). Of 131 repeat TTEs, 39(30%) were ordered by cardiology while non- cardiology providers ordered 92(70%). The top 3 indications of (A) TTEs were heart failure (22%), pericardial effusion (15%) and hemodynamic instability (15%), while (I) TTEs were heart failure (26%), syncope (12%) and pericardial effusion (11%). No significant difference was found among cardiology and non-cardiology providers in ordering A, U and I TTEs (41% vs. 53.5%, p=0.4, 20.5% vs. 16.3%, p=0.4 and 38.5% vs. 30.2%, p=0.4). Conclusions: Approximately one-third of repeat TTEs in a tertiary care medical center can be classified as (I). Noncardiology services were comparable to cardiology providers in applying AUC criteria. In an effort to reduce (I) repeat TTEs, knowledge of prior TTE data and incorporation of AUC criteria into order entry mechanisms should occur to aid inpatient provider decisions on ordering TTEs.
Abstract 15965: Disruption of Striated Preferentially Expressed Gene Locus Impedes the Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells into Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Xiaoli Liu, Sean R Hall, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa, Mark A Perrella
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Myosin light chain kinases are a family of proteins known to be important for myocyte function, and a unique member of this family is the striated preferentially expressed gene (Speg)...
Abstract 11944: Heterozygous LmnaDelk32 Mutant Mice Showed Alterations of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Developed Progressive Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marie-Elodie Cattin, Saskia Schlossarek, Valerie Decostre, Sophia Maron, Shaida Varnous, Birgit Geertz, Nathalie Mougenot, Lucie Carrier, Gisele Bonne
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction. It is a major cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation. LMNA is the most frequent gen...
Outbreak of hepatitis A among men who have sex with men in Barcelona, Spain, September 2008 – March 2009
Authors: C Tortajada, P G de Olalla, R M Pinto, A Bosch, J Caylà
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Between 1 September 2008 and 9 March 2009, 150 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Barcelona representing a threefold increase compared with the same period in previous two years. The majority of the cases occurred in adult men, including 87 who reported having sex with men. This indicated the possibility of an outbreak ongoing in the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) and emphasised the need to target this community with more effective vaccination programmes.
Abstract 356: Loss of Function Mutations of Sodium Channel Beta-1 and Beta-2 Subunits Associated with Atrial Fibrillation and ST-segment Elevation
Authors: Hiroshi Watanabe, Dawood Darbar, Christiana R Ingram, Kim Jiramongkolchai, Sameer S Chopra, Gayle Kucera, Tanya Stubblefield, Janey Wang, Dan M Roden
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: We have recently reported mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A in 5.9% of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mutations in sodium channel β subunit genes SCN1B-4B contribute to AF susceptibility. Methods and results: All 4 βsubunit genes were resequenced in 376 patients with AF (118 patients with lone AF and 258 patients with AF and cardiovascular disease) and 188 ethnically-defined controls. We identified 2 non-synonymous variants in SCN1B (resulting in R85H, D153N) and 2 in SCN2B (R28Q, R28W) in patients with AF; these occur at residues highly conserved across mammals and were absent in controls. In 3 of 4 mutation carriers, there was saddle back type ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads of electrocardiogram. Transcripts encoding both SCN1B and SCN2B were detected in human atrium and ventricle. To assess function in vitro , CHO cells were transfected with SCN5A without β subunit, SCN5A with wild-type (WT) β subunit, or SCN5A with mutant β subunit: all 4 mutants altered SCN5A current to a variable extent compared to WT β subunits. WT β1 increased SCN5A currents by 75%, and induced a negative shift in steady-state activation (−10.2 mV) and inactivation (−6.7 mV), compared to SCN5A alone. D153N β1 caused partial loss of function, with increased SCN5A current but to a smaller extent (24%) than WT β1, and a negative shift in steady-state activation (−12.1 mV) and inactivation (−8.1 mV) similar to WT. R85H β1 produced a pure loss of function, with currents no different from SCN5A alone. WT β2 did not change SCN5A current amplitude, while R28Q β2 and R28W β2 decreased current by 36% and 30%, respectively; and positively shifted steady-state activation by +7.4 mV and +5.1 mV, respectively, compared to WT. Conclusion: Loss of function mutations in sodium channel β subunits were identified in patients with AF, and were associated with a distinctive ECG phenotype. These findings further support the hypothesis that decreased sodium current enhances AF susceptibility.
Abstract 19684: Comparison of Left Ventricular Function and Mass Assessment on Everyday Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mirae Lee, Kyeongmin Byeon, Eun Young Kim, Jeong Hoon Yang, Sungho Lee, Sung Beom Park, Seungmin Chung, Jeong-Euy Park, Yeon Hyeon Choe, Sang-Chol Lee
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is known to be the most accurate method of assessing left ventricular (LV) systolic function and myocardial mass. As echocardiography (echo) is the most...
Abstract 2479: Site Specific Targeting of Nanoparticle Prednisolone Prevents in-Stent Restenosis In a Rabbit Model of Established Atheroma
Authors: Michael Joner, Katsumi Morimoto, Mike John, Aloke V Finn, Raelene Listhrop, Eduardo Acampado, Frank D Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background– TRM-484 (a prednisolone delivered nanoparticle) has been shown to reduce smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and macrophage migration in vitro. In a stent injury model, we tested the...
Canada plans stronger health warnings on cigarette packs
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Canada is poised to set a precedent in tobacco health warnings with what campaigners hope will be graphic new labelling on cigarette packs. Health minister Allan Rock is expected to announce an “intent to legislate” on cigarette packaging reform around the middle of this month.

Last January the government promised to change health warning labels on cigarette packs after intense lobbying from a panel of 26 experts acting on behalf of 130 health agencies and professions. Canada last introduced innovative packaging reforms in 1994, but these are now considered to have lost some of their impact.

The precise content of the warnings will not be published until a month to six …
Molecular risk estimation and adjuvant chemotherapy in node-negative breast cancer patients—A status report of the prospective clinical trial NNBC 3-Europe
Authors: D. M. Paepke, F. Herbst, K. Annecke, N. Gaskill, F. Sweep, C. Meisner, M. Schmitt, F. Jaenicke, N. Harbeck, C. Thomssen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

10503 Background: Feasibility of risk assessment in node negative breast cancer using the invasion markers urokinase-type plasminogen activator uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 has been demonstrated in several prospective and retrospective studies and in a large meta analysis. Patients with low uPA and/or PAI-1 concentrations in tumor tissue levels have an excellent 5-year overall survival (&gt;95%) even without any adjuvant therapy. Use of these molecular markers may spare adjuvant chemotherapy in approximately one half of node-negative breast cancer patients. Particulary, patients with an intermediate grade tumor can easily be differentiated in low and high risk. In addition, patients with high uPA and/or PAI-1 level seem to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. The NNBC-3-Europe trial seeks to answer two questions: 1. Is risk assessment by molecular markers uPA/PAI-1 superior to that by clinico-pathological factors regarding identification of low-risk patients? 2. Is adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracycline-taxane sequence (FEC-Docetaxel) superior to standard FEC in high-risk patients? Methods: In the NNBC-3-Europe trial, participating centres opt to either perform risk estimation by clinico-pathological factors or by the uPA and PAI-1 concentration in tumor tissue biopsies. Low-risk patients will be observed without adjuvant chemotherapy. High-risk patients are randomised based on the kind of adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with steroid hormone receptor positive tumors receive adequate endocrine therapy. Results: Of the first 506 patients in the study arm with molecular risk assessment, 62 had a grade 1 tumors, and 184 had grade 3 tumors. Among grade 2 tumors (n = 260), 87 had low uPA/PAI-1. 173 patients presented with high levels. About 30% of the patients were allocated to the low-risk group using uPA/PAI-1. Conclusions: An adjuvant chemotherapy trial based on uPA/PAI-1 determination in the primary tumor is feasible in a multicentre setting. Applying these molecular markers for risk assessment, at this stage of the study, adjuvant chemotherapy could be spared in almost one third of N0 patients. It is performed in association with the EORTC PathoBiology Group Receptor und the German AGO Breast Group. [Table: see text]