tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interplay Between Dietary Bioactive Compounds and Gut Microbiota in Modulating Obesity-Associated Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Maryam Seifishahpar, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana, Jung Han Kim, Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2025)

Dietary bioactive compounds such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals have numerous health benefits, which include alleviating obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. While mechanistic studies have focused thus far on how these compounds or their metabolites affect whole-animal physiology or exert tissue-specific effects, detailed reports are lacking about how these bioactives specifically affect gut microbiota and mitochondrial function, two important processes impacted by metabolic diseases. Gut microbiota, through their composition and metabolites, play a significant role in overall health and mediating the effects of diet. Therefore, understanding how dietary bioactive compounds modulate gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating their contributions to metabolic health. Conversely, gut microbiota may also alter the metabolism of bioactives, especially phytochemicals, and impact their bioavailability and function. Mitochondria, particularly in adipose tissue, play a central role in energy metabolism and are implicated in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction. Thus, investigating the effects of dietary bioactive compounds on mitochondrial function provides valuable insight into their potential roles in addressing obesity-related diseases. Accordingly, the goal of this review is to discuss key published work on the interplay between dietary bioactives, gut microbiota and their metabolites, and mitochondria function in the context of improving obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
The differential effect of ambient temperature on age-specific and sex-specific mortality in the 300 largest cities of Russia, 2000–19: a first national time-series study
Authors: Sergey Timonin, Natalia Shartova, Bo Wen, Yao Wu, Evgeny Andreev, Yuming Guo, Joan Ballester
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Despite a substantial body of evidence on the association between ambient temperature and mortality worldwide, there has not yet been a comprehensive country-wide assessment of the health effects of temperature in Russia. Moreover, there is no consensus on the effect of non-optimal temperatures on age-specific and sex-specific mortality. Our study aimed to provide the first analysis of temperature-related mortality in a large assembly of cities located in different geographical and socioeconomic zones of Russia. We analysed 19 044 538 non-accidental deaths in the 300 most populated cities in Russia between 2000 and 2019. A two-stage analysis strategy was used. First, a quasi-Poisson time-series model with distributed lag non-linear model was fitted to estimate city-specific associations. Second, these associations were pooled with multivariate multilevel meta-regression, from which we also calculated temperature-attributable mortality. Relative risks were generally higher for cold than for heat, except for cities in southern European Russia. Cold had a similar effect in both sexes, with a varying age gradient across cities. Although the effect of heat was generally stronger in women than in men, with the relative risk increasing steadily with age in both sexes, men younger than 60 years had a significantly higher risk of dying from heat than women of the same age. With a total of 106 007 (95% empirical CI [eCI]: 88 942-121 318) temperature-attributable deaths, there was a higher mortality attributable fraction for cold (10·74%, 95% eCI 8·80-11·99) than for heat (0·67%, 0·42-0·88). Russia has a high temperature-related mortality burden, with large differences in risk between cities and subpopulations. This information should be taken into account when planning public health interventions. European Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, and Australian Research Council.
International expert consensus statement on PICU admission and early critical care management for paediatric patients following haematopoietic cell transplant and immune effector cell therapy
Authors: Matteo Di Nardo, Saad Ghafoor, Zofia Szmit, Lama Elbahlawan, Courtney M Rowan, Asya Agulnik, Roelie Wosten-Van Asperen, Matthew S Zinter, Marianne E Nellis, Karen Moody, Orsola Gawronski, Daniele G Biasucci, Beatrice Baldelli, Krzysztof Kalwak, Fabiana Cacace, Manuela Moncada, Kris M Mahadeo
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2025)
Make America Healthy, Again? The Past, Present and Future of Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Kevin C. Klatt
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2025)

Dietary guidelines have been placed under unprecedented scrutiny in the past decade, as the “obesity epidemic” enters its fifth decade with limited evidence of public health progress. In the era of successful obesity pharmacotherapy, there is a heightened sense of urgency to make progress on dietary prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases, contributing to both diverse criticism of guidelines and low degrees of trust in nutritional sciences. In this review, I view nutritional guidance through a historical lens, tracking its development from its genesis through the modern focus on obesity and chronic diseases and consider criticisms of past and existing dietary guidance. I reflect on themes that emerge from this history and consider potential paths forward to improve the quality of nutritional guidance and actualize its goals of improving population health.
Climate disaster effects on acute health care: a case study and model of the 2021 heatwave in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Dylan G Clark, Kevin E Liang, Ivy Cheng, James D Ford, Kira Gossack-Keenan
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Acute health-care systems are a final layer of protection against growing climate impacts on population health. Climate disasters over the past decade have resulted in surges of patients seeking emergency care when preventive measures fall short. We aimed to understand how acute health-care delivery and access is vulnerable to climate disasters. We built a discrete event simulation model to replicate acute health-care system dynamics during Canada's deadliest climate disaster-the 2021 heatwave. We used public data and government reports to estimate resource capacity per capita and interconnected trajectories to define the movement of patients between resources. In an intervention scenario, we evaluated the efficacy of a package of three interventions in the emergency department and prehospital settings (upstaffing before the disaster, mass casualty procedures, and outpatient cooling beds). Across a 29-day period, we measured six key performance indicators (KPIs) to compare statistical changes in waiting times between baseline and intervention models (physician initial assessment waiting time; waiting time for emergency department bed among most acute patients; waiting time for emergency department bed among least acute patients; ambulance response time; boarding time; and total time in the emergency department). Using Monte Carlo methods, we ran both baseline and intervention models 100 times. We validated baseline model outputs against real-world data, with no statistically significant differences in all KPI medians. The baseline model showed significant negative effects on five of the six KPIs during the heatwave compared with the preheatwave period. Under the intervention model, four KPIs had significant improvements during the heatwave compared with the preheatwave period while the other two KPIs did not significantly change. Notably, emergency department waiting times decreased by over 35% with the interventions. The model replicated real-world patterns and was a valid representation of system dynamics. Our findings showed that even a small surge in patients can be detrimental to health-care access and delivery. The model also suggests that health-care delays during climate disasters can be avoidable with proactive planning. The Government of British Columbia.
The impact of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on pulmonary complications in adults with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Aurélie Le Gal, Ambroise Marcais, Céline Goyard, Anne-Laure Brun, Morgane Cheminant, Nizar Mahlaoui, Claire Givel, Colas Tcherakian, Alexandre Chabrol, Frédéric Wallyn, Leonardo Magro, Flore Sicre de Fontbrune, Regis Peffault de la Tour, Abdellatif Tazi, Amira Benattia, Remi Valter, Philippe Devillier, Louis-Jean Couderc, Felipe Suarez, Emilie Catherinot, Hélène Salvator
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)
Tryptophan–kynurenine metabolites associate with inflammation and immunologic phenotypes in common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Silje F Jørgensen, Peder R Braadland, Thor Ueland, Mai S A Fraz, Annika E Michelsen, Kristian Holm, Liv T Osnes, Marius Trøseid, Per Magne Ueland, Børre Fevang, Pål Aukrust, Johannes R Hov
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)

A large proportion of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations characterized by chronic T-cell- and monocyte/macrophage activation of unknown etiology. The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway has previously been linked to immune activation involving T cells and monocytes/macrophages, as well as with gut microbial dysbiosis in some inflammatory diseases. We aimed to characterize the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in CVID and its potential association with clinical/immunologic phenotype and gut microbial dysbiosis. Serum concentrations of a set of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites and neopterin were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a discovery cohort (n = 40), a validation cohort (n = 53), and healthy controls (n = 60). B-cell phenotype was analyzed in both cohorts, whereas inflammatory markers (enzyme immunoassay), lipopolysaccharide, gut microbial composition, and food frequency questionnaire were measured in the discovery cohort. Compared to healthy controls, CVID patients had increased metabolism of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as assessed by increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, quinolinic acid, and 3-hydroxykynurenine in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The findings were most pronounced in the subgroup with autoimmune/inflammatory complications but was to some degree also observed in CVID patients with infection only. In CVID, the metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway associated with soluble (s) markers of monocyte (sCD14, sCD163, neopterin) and T-cell (sCD25) activation as well as B-cell phenotype (eg, naïve B cells). Individual gut microbial taxa may influence tryptophan-kynurenine pathway metabolites, but not lipopolysaccharide or diet. We found altered levels of several metabolites in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in two different CVID cohorts associated with systemic inflammation and B-cell phenotype.
Personalized UVA1 Phototherapy Strategies for Steroid-Refractory Hand-Foot Eczema: A Prospective Study
Authors: Yu Hu, Liangliang Zhang, Hongying Chen, Shudai Huang, Minjie Shu, Nengxin Shao, Eryan Ding, Lili Wang, Chao Luan, Jiaan Zhang, Kun Chen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Regulatory asymmetry in Alzheimer's disease care
Authors: Juan Fortea, Marina Boban, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Kristian Steen Frederiksen, Jakub Hort, Sean Kennelly, Milica Gregoric Kramberger, Shima Mehrabian, Domenico Plantone, Claire Paquet, Isabel Santana, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Eino Solje, Luiza Spiru, Stanislav Šutovský, Everard G B Vijverberg, Bengt Winblad, Frank Jessen
Journal: The Lancet (2025)
Promoting health through climate change mitigation in Europe
Authors: Cathryn Tonne, Stefan Sieber, Faidra Filippidou, Ioannis Tsiropoulos, Vasiliki Petropoulou, Gregor Kiesewetter, Zbigniew Klimont, Lena Höglund-Isaksson, Peter Witzke, Marco Springmann, Andrea Pozzer, Jos Lelieveld, Ian Hamilton, Shih-Che Hsu, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Daniel Velázquez-Cortés, Matilda van den Bosch, Ilija Sazdovski, Marta Santamaria, Francesca de'Donato, Niheer Dasandi
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Several EU climate change mitigation policies have the potential to deliver health co-benefits. However, existing frameworks guiding research in this area lack important details that are needed to understand how evidence of health co-benefits can be used to support the ambition and acceptability of EU climate policy. In this Personal View, we propose an integrated framework for advancing the state-of-the-science on health co-benefits of climate change mitigation and realising the societal effect of evidence documenting co-benefits. We apply this framework to the EU context. Our framework spans multiple economic sectors-including land use, land-use change, and forestry and health systems-and provides details on the different types of mitigation actions, levers of change, and societal actors with the agency to implement specific mitigation actions. This framework aims to inform future research on the magnitude of health co-benefits of climate change mitigation, and provide strategies to communicate health co-benefits to support increases in mitigation ambition and societal acceptance of mitigation actions.
Considerations for improving the relevance, use, and robustness of projections of the health risks of climate change
Authors: Kristie L Ebi, Jeremy J Hess, Rupert F Stuart-Smith, Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera, Alistair Woodward, Andy Haines
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

The increased interest and investment in climate change and health research and policy should be a turning point for providing policy-relevant projections of how changing weather patterns and climate trends could alter the magnitude and distribution of climate-sensitive health outcomes. Decision makers recognise that future health burdens result from interactions between exposure, sensitivity, and the capacity to adapt. Fit-for-purpose projections to inform climate risk management should be based on a range of scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and socioeconomic development. The relevance, use, and robustness of projections would be improved by addressing the considerations outlined here.
Incidence and clinical significance of recompensation after HCV-cure
Authors: Georg Semmler, Sabela Lens, Álvaro Hidalgo, Sonia Alonso López, Maria Perez-Perez, Elton Dajti, Martin Kabelitz, Paola Zanaga, Benedikt Silvester Hofer, Zoe Marino, Marisa Luisa Manzano, Isabel Payeras, Monica Pons, Angelo Bruni, Alberto Zanetto, Lukas Burghart, Dominik Ecker, Lucie Simonis, Anna Pocurull, Laurenz Fritz, Cristina Collazos, Daniela Neumayer, Lorenz Balcar, Mathias Jachs, Thomas Reiberger, Francesco Paolo Russo, Benjamin Maasoumy, Joan Genesca, Rafael Bañares, Xavier Forns, Inmaculada Fernandez, Mattias Mandorfer, Adriana Ahumada, Francesco Azzaroli, Sara Battistella, Markus Cornberg, Katja Deterding, Marie Griemsmann, Michael Gschwantler, Stefanie Hametner-Schreil, Lukas Hartl, Julia Krawanja, Benjamin Mauz, Diego Rincón, Caroline Schwarz, Michael Schwarz, Benedikt Simbrunner, Michael Trauner, Clara Uson, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2025)
Age-related impairment of intestinal inflammation resolution through an eicosanoid-immune-microbiota axis
Authors: Marie Goepp, Jemma V Milburn, Birong Zhang, Yijia Dong, Victoria Tyrrell, Xiaozhong Zheng, Jennifer M Marshall, Silvia Bolsega, Marijana Basic, Laura Glendinning, Gwo-Tzer Ho, Jack Satsangi, Richard M Breyer, Shuh Narumiya, Henry J McSorley, Jürgen K J Schwarze, Christopher J Anderson, David H Dockrell, Adriano G Rossi, André Bleich, Christopher D Lucas, Valerie B O'Donnell, Damian Mole, Mark J Arends, You Zhou, Chengcan Yao
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2025)
Diagnostic Performances of Radiolabeled FAPI PET/CT for Lymph Node Staging in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Comparison With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yun Seong Kim, Seong-Jang Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to compare the diagnostic performances of radiolabeled FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of lymph node (LN) metastasis in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane database, and EMBASE database, from the earliest available date of indexing through December 31, 2024, were searched for studies comparing diagnostic performances of radiolabeled FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of metastatic LN in HNC patients. We estimated pooled sensitivities and specificities across studies. Results: Across 8 studies (14 results), the pooled sensitivity of FAPI PET/CT was 0.89 and the pooled specificity was 0.93. The pooled sensitivity of 18 F-FDG PET/CT was 0.91 and the pooled specificity was 0.50. On patient-based analysis, the estimated sensitivity and specificity of FAPI were 0.96 and 0.96, and those of 18 F-FDG were 0.95 and 0.34, respectively. On lesion-based analysis, the estimated sensitivity and specificity of FAPI were 0.84 and 0.94, and those of 18 F-FDG were 0.86 and 0.78, respectively. On neck side–based analysis, the estimated sensitivity and specificity of FAPI were 0.88 and 0.79, and those of 18 F-FDG were 0.91 and 0.29, respectively. Conclusions: Radiolabeled FAPI showed a good diagnostic performance for the detection of metastatic LN in HNC patients. Also, 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed low specificity for LN staging in HNC patients. Future large multicenter research with more patients would be necessary to provide a more comprehensive overview of the usefulness of radiolabeled FAPI for LN staging in HNC patients.
18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT Findings of Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Transformation to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
Authors: Zitong Zhang, Hexiao Huang, Chong Jiang, Hongxi Wang, Rong Tian
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 66-year-old man with a pathology-confirmed gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma underwent imaging with both 68 Ga-pentixafor and 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated intense FDG uptake in the gastric lesion, whereas the 68 Ga-pentixafor PET/CT showed only minimal tracer uptake. Subsequent histopathologic evaluation confirmed a transformation into aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This case underscores the importance of recognizing atypical imaging patterns to identify histologic transformation and guide timely clinical intervention.
CXCR4-Targeted Imaging in Takayasu Arteritis Using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Torsten Witte
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We report a case of a 64-year-old woman with Takayasu arteritis who underwent chemokine receptor CXCR4-targeted whole-body 68 Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for further evaluation of disease activity and exclusion of concurrent inflammatory diseases. 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET demonstrated CXCR4-positive inflammatory cell infiltrates in the aortic wall, and active disease was further confirmed by 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT. Moreover, 68 Ga-Pentixafor identified a CXCR4-positive pelvic bone lesion, and the patient was subsequently diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CXCR4-targeted 68 Ga-Pentixafor PET is useful for the detection of active inflammation in Takayasu arteritis, and to detect neoplastic disease in this cohort with increased risk of malignancy.
Longitudinal Changes in Airway Mucus Plugs and FEV <sub>1</sub> in COPD
Authors: Sofia K. Mettler, Pietro Nardelli, Monica Iturrioz Campo, Rubén San José Estépar, Padma P. Manapragada, Mostafa Abozeed, Muhammad Usman Aziz, Mohd Zahid, Scott Grumley, Hrudaya P. Nath, Andrew Yen, Sushilkumar Sonavane, Christian F. Clarenbach, Wei Wang, Carrie L. Pistenmaa, George R. Washko, Raúl San José Estépar, Michael H. Cho, Alejandro A. Diaz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)
Oveporexton, an Oral Orexin Receptor 2–Selective Agonist, in Narcolepsy Type 1
Authors: Yves Dauvilliers, Giuseppe Plazzi, Emmanuel Mignot, Gert Jan Lammers, Rafael del Río Villegas, Ramin Khatami, Mitsutaka Taniguchi, Anson Abraham, Yaming Hang, Harisha Kadali, Marta Lamberton, Sarah Sheikh, Ellie Stukalin, Rachel Neuwirth, Todd J. Swick, Shinichiro Tanaka, Christian von Hehn, Philipp von Rosenstiel, Hao Wang, Alice Cai, Melissa Naylor, Tina Olsson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

Narcolepsy type 1 is a disorder of hypersomnolence caused by a loss of orexin neurons, which results in low orexin levels in the brain. In this phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants with narcolepsy type 1 received once- or twice-daily oveporexton (TAK-861), an oral orexin receptor 2-selective agonist, or placebo. The primary end point was the mean change from baseline to week 8 in average sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) (range, 0 to 40 minutes; normal, ≥20). Secondary end points included the change from baseline to week 8 in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) total score (range, 0 to 24; normal, ≤10), the weekly cataplexy rate at week 8, and the occurrence of adverse events. A total of 90 participants received oveporexton (0.5 mg twice daily, 23 participants; 2 mg twice daily, 21 participants; 2 mg followed by 5 mg daily, 23 participants; and 7 mg once daily, 23 participants), and 22 received placebo. The mean changes from baseline to week 8 in average sleep latency on the MWT were 12.5, 23.5, 25.4, 15.0, and -1.2 minutes, respectively (adjusted P≤0.001 for all comparisons vs. placebo). The mean changes in the ESS total score at week 8 were -8.9, -13.8, -12.8, -11.3, and -2.5, respectively (adjusted P≤0.004 for all comparisons vs. placebo). The weekly incidence of cataplexy at week 8 was 4.24, 3.14, 2.48, 5.89, and 8.76, respectively (adjusted P<0.05 for 2 mg twice daily and 2 mg followed by 5 mg daily vs. placebo). The most common adverse events associated with oveporexton were insomnia (in 48% of the participants; most cases resolved within 1 week), urinary urgency (in 33%), and urinary frequency (in 32%), without any hepatotoxic effects. In this phase 2 trial involving participants with narcolepsy type 1, oveporexton significantly improved measures of wakefulness, sleepiness, and cataplexy over a period of 8 weeks. (Funded by Takeda Development Center Americas; TAK-861-2001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05687903.).
Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for Children Living with HIV in Africa
Authors: Victor Musiime, Mutsa Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Alexander J. Szubert, Vivian Mumbiro, Hilda A. Mujuru, Cissy M. Kityo, Abbas Lugemwa, Katja Doerholt, Chishala Chabala, Shafic Makumbi, Veronica Mulenga, Helen McIlleron, David Burger, Eva Natukunda, Clare Shakeshaft, Kyomuhendo Jovia Linda, Kusum Nathoo, Lara Monkiewicz, Ibrahim Yawe, Monica Kapasa, Mary Nyathi, Joyce Lungu, Bwendo Nduna, Wedu Ndebele, Annabelle South, Mwate Mwamabazi, Godfrey Musoro, Anna Griffiths, Khozya Zyambo, Rashidah Nazzinda, Kevin Zimba, Yingying Zhang, Simon Walker, Anna Turkova, A. Sarah Walker, Alasdair Bamford, Diana M. Gibb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)