tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prospective clinicopathologic studies of schizophrenia: accrual and assessment of patients
Authors: S E Arnold, R E Gur, R M Shapiro, K R Fisher, P J Moberg, M R Gibney, R C Gur, P Blackwell, J Q Trojanowski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The purpose of this study was to characterize the neuropsychiatric profile of elderly patients with schizophrenia and establish a patient registry for prospective ante-mortem and post-mortem studies.Medical records of all chronically institutionalized patients in eight state hospitals who were over the age of 65 and had a chart diagnosis of schizophrenia (N = 528) were reviewed. Of the potential subjects, 192 were excluded because of clinical histories inconsistent with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 56 because of insufficient information to establish a psychiatric diagnosis, and 122 because of family members' refusal to give consent for autopsy in the event of death. To date, 81 of the remaining 158 patients have undergone neuropsychiatric evaluation with standard assessment instruments.Mini-Mental State scores of the 81 patients indicated severe dementia, and Functional Assessment Scale scores showed that patients required assistance with activities of daily living. All patients were rated as severely ill on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Ratings on the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms indicated a predominance of negative symptoms over positive. Of 30 patients who have died to date, research autopsies have been conducted on 26.Establishing a well characterized, prospective patient registry for clinicopathologic studies of schizophrenia is feasible but labor intensive. Diagnosis of schizophrenia with a high degree of confidence can be achieved by means of detailed chart review and assessment of current neuropsychiatric functioning with standard rating instruments. These data provide a basis for correlations of clinicopathologic factors.
Abstract 5133: Does Public Smoking Ban Reduce the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Michigan? A Systematic Review and Attributable Risk Analysis
Authors: Mouaz Al-Mallah, Fadi Alqaisi, David Nerenz, Stephanie Boedeker, W. Douglas Weaver
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The Michigan legislature is currently considering a proposal for a comprehensive smoking ban (CSB) in Michigan. The potential impact of such a law on the incidence AMI is not known. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the impact of CSB on the incidence of AMI and calculated the impact of potential CSB on the incidence of AMI in Michigan. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases from inception till May 2008 for studies comparing the rates of AMI hospital admissions before and in the year after the implementation of CSB legislation. Of 135 potentially relevant articles screened initially, 5 studies met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model meta-analysis was done and between-studies heterogeneity was compared with I2. The attributable risk (AR) of CSB on AMI incidence was calculated and multiplied with the number of AMI admissions in Michigan. Results: In the published studies, a CSB was associated with a decrease in the incidence of AMI (RR 96%, 95% CI 93%–100%, p=0.05). There was no heterogeneity between the included studies (I2&lt;50%). The AR of CSB on the incidence of AMI is −4.2%. The average number of hospital admissions for AMI as first-listed diagnosis in Michigan between 1999 and 2006 was 27,007 per year. Thus, if a CSB legislation is implemented in Michigan in 2008, the calculated reduction of hospital admissions for AMI is 1130 admissions per year as of 2009.. Conclusion: CSB is associated with a significant reduction of annual hospital admissions for AMI. The financial impact of this reduction on health care cost is yet to be determined.
Abstract P385: General and Regional Adiposity and Hypertension Risk in a Multi-ethnic Community Cohort of Men and Women: The Take Off the Pressure Study (TOPS)
Authors: Paul A McAuley, Denisha Little-Greene, Eva Piatt, Dailen Celma, F. A Kavas
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Although several studies have reported associations of general and regional adiposity with hypertension risk, limited data are available in multi-ethnic cohorts. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and peripheral circumference measures (neck [NC], arm [AC], hips [HC], and thigh [TC]) with hypertension risk was examined in a cohort of 504 multi-ethnic men and women (mean age, 46 years; 76% women; 23% Caucasian, 31% African-American, and 46% Hispanic). Patients were recruited from a community free clinic (Forsyth County, NC) to participate in the Take Off the Pressure Study (TOPS) during April to September, 2011. Associations of adiposity measures with hypertension risk by ethnicity were assessed using logistic regression after adjusting for age and sex. Results: Overall, 49% of participants (51%, 76%, and 29% of Caucasians, African-Americans, and Hispanics, respectively) had hypertension (BP &gt;140/90 or previous diagnosis). Positive associations with hypertension risk were observed for BMI, WC, AC, HC and NC among Caucasians, and for WC among Hispanics ( Table ). In other words, Caucasians with higher BMI, and larger waist, arm, hip, and neck circumferences, and Hispanics with a larger waist circumference, were more likely to have hypertension. Notably, each 1-inch increase in arm and neck circumference was associated with 30% and 56% higher risks of hypertension, respectively among whites. However, no significant associations between any adiposity measure and hypertension risk were observed among African-Americans. Conclusion: Hypertension was highly prevalent in this cohort, particularly among African-Americans. However, adiposity markers used to assess hypertension risk in Caucasians may not apply to individuals of other ethnicities. Table. Age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for hypertension by adiposity indicator/ethnicity Caucasian (n = 117) African-American (n = 156) Hispanic (n = 231) BMI (per kg/m 2 ) 1.09 (1.03-1.15) 1.03 (0.99-1.08) 1.03 (0.97-1.08) Waist circ (per in) 1.11 (1.04-1.18) 1.05 (0.99-1.11) 1.06 (1.00-1.11) Arm circ (per in) 1.30 (1.05-1.62) 1.11 (0.94-1.31) 1.11 (0.93-1.33) Thigh circ (per in) 1.06 (0.93-1.20) 1.09 (0.97-1.21) 0.98 (0.87-1.10) Hip circ (per in) 1.09 (1.02-1.17) 1.04 (0.99-1.10) 1.03 (0.97-1.10) Neck circ (per in) 1.56 (1.19-2.03) 1.15 (0.90-1.47) 1.14 (0.91-1.44)
Abstract 217: Sildenafil (Viagra)-Induces Protection Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Cardiomyocytes and Isolated Perfused Heart Through Activation of cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase and Phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and GSK-3{beta}
Authors: Anindita Das, Lei Xi, Rakesh C Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background:  Sildenafil (SIL), a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterese type-5 (PDE-5) induces remarkable protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. PDE-5 inhibition increases cGMP levels that in turn activate cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, the cause and effect relationship of PKG in SIL-induced cardioprotection and novel downstream targets activated through PKG remain unknown.   Methods & Results:  Ventricular myocytes were isolated from adult male ICR mice and exposed to 40 min of simulated ischemia (SI) with or without 1 hr pre-incubation of SIL (1 μM). Myocyte necrosis and apoptosis were determined after 1 hr or 18 hrs of reoxygenation (RO), using trypan blue or TUNEL assay, respectively. Pretreatment with SIL protected cardiomyocytes after SI-RO (necrosis 15.1 ± 2.2% and apoptosis 4.7 ± 0.4%, n = 4, p    Conclusion:  Activation of PKG by sildenafil treatment plays an essential role in protection against I-R injury. Moreover, phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and GSK3β appears to be intimately linked with PKG-dependent survival pathway.
Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Versus Long-Term Warfarin Therapy
Authors: David R. Holmes, Saibal Kar, Matthew J. Price, Brian Whisenant, Horst Sievert, Shephal K. Doshi, Kenneth Huber, Vivek Y. Reddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Soundings: BIBA but LGFTD
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The purist element in most of us dislikes the use of abbreviations. We tend to view them as unsightly, a blot on the language, a sign of laziness or ignorance. We are irritated that only a select few (but others than ourselves) understand what they mean.

Take AB, a 59yo BM (a non-scatological term) S/P TURP/DES, BBPR, with elevated JVP from CCH (English), or JVD from CHF (American), Dx GOK or NYD. Or Dr William Bean's patient (Tower of Babel 1963), a “45 y.o SCF hsewfe G10 P6A4 c C.C SOB, 4mo PTA. Sn's & Sx's CHF c PND, DOE, & PE. LMD found m's of MS, MI, AS, AI & ?IVSD (R/O IASD & PDA). EKG showed LVH, RVH, LAH, RBB, PVC's, AF, old MI....” Despite further w/o and Rx, “on the second day the patient jumped out of the window.”

Nowadays computer literate residents prefer to write case insensitive histories, such as “49 hisp, fem, hd, sz, htn, sob, cp, ccu, dx esrd, dm, ams, cp, chf, gi obstr.” Some medical journals allow so many abbreviations that their articles cannot be read without constant reference to a glossary.

Yet long words take a long time to write down, and people have always felt the need to use abbreviations. In the 19th century Jane Austen referred to her novels as P&P, S&S, and MP. A popular system used lower case superscripts, such as informn, communn, or realisan. A recent computer search disclosed 14 994 matches for “medical abbreviations”—lists, glossaries, dictionaries, and even books. Hospital committees periodically publish lists of “approved” abbreviations—largely ignored.

How much more practical are the stock exchange's, where symbols for MCD (what we eat), BUD (what we drink), MO (what we smoke), or MRK and GLX (drug makers) are official, fixed, and universally recognisable. It is a pity that medicine does not have such a universally agreed system, at least for some commonly used terms. It would eliminate a great deal of confusion and errors, as well as much hd, aggr, and wc (writer's cramp).

(For the unitiated: BIBA is “brought in by ambulance”; LGFTD—“looks good from the door”; BBPR—“bright blood per rectum”; SP/TUR—“status post-transurethral resection of prostate”; GOK—“God only knows”; NYD—“not yet diagnosed”; hd—“headache”; sz—“seizures”; cp—“chest pain”; ccu—“coronary care unit”; dm—“diabetes mellitus”; etc).
Abstract 10272: Telephone Counseling to Activate Peripheral Arterial Disease Patients Toward Improved Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Mary M McDermott, George Reed, Philip Greenland, Kathleen Mazor, Sherry Pagoto, Judith Ockene, Rex Graff, Philip A Merriam, Kathrine Leung, Larry Manheim, Melina Kibbe, Barbara Olendzki, William H Pearce, Ira Ockene
Journal: Circulation (2010)
The Physician's Role in the Postattack Period
Authors: Victor W. Sidel, H. Jack Geiger, Bernard Lown
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

MANY monographs and articles1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 have been written to acquaint physicians with the medical problems that might follow a thermonuclear attack on this nation. Often, these articles rely on experience with previous disasters — for example, the New England hurricane of 1938, the Coconut Grove fire of 1942, the Texas City explosion of 1947, the fire bombing of Hamburg in 1943 and especially the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, 1945.9 To reason from these models to thermonuclear war, however, is to make the assumption that the problems of H-bomb warfare will be quantitatively greater, but qualitatively similar to . . .
Influence of factors before and during medical school on choice of psychiatry as a specialty
Authors: G H Zimny, L S Sata
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

Prompted by the recruitment problem facing psychiatry, the authors investigated the influence of factors before and during medical school on choice of psychiatry. A questionnaire was completed by 392 of the 1982 graduates from 114 United States medical schools who entered a psychiatric training program in 1982. College courses, work experience, and experience with someone having a psychiatric disorder were the most positive "before" factors; the clinical psychiatric elective, the psychiatrist-patient relationship, inpatient experiences during the psychiatric clerkship, and control over practice hours were the most positive "during" factors.
Abstract 17884: Ventricular Sympathetic Innervation in Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch- and Rastelli Procedure, - Impact of Arterial Dissection and Coronary Reimplantation
Authors: Michael Hauser, Andreas Kühn, John Hess, Markus Schwaiger, Frank M Bengel
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: Coronary flow reserve is significantly reduced in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO). Dissection of the great arteries and coronary reimplantation may result in partial myocardial sympathetic denervation, with a negative influence on coronary blood flow. Methods: 18 patients with TGA were included in the study; 9 had ASO (age 20.8 + 5.8 years), controls were 9 patients after Rastelli procedure (22.1 + 6.8 years). All patients were fully active and asymptomatic. Sympathetic innervation was measured by positron emission tomography using 11 C hydoxyepinephrine (HED). Results: Myocardial perfusion at rest was homogenous in all patients. Maximal left ventricular myocardial HED retention as a measure of the intensity of innervation ranged from 6.1% to 15.9% (mean 12.74 + 3.8% per minute). Patients with more than one operation had significant reduced maximal HED retention (r=2.99, p&lt;0.001); one patient of each group had HED-retention less than 7% indicating complete denervation. A significant correlation with time after surgery could be found for max. HED retention (r=0.326, p&lt;0.001); max. HED retention was higher in patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery at an earlier age (r=0.315, p&lt;0.001). No statistical significant difference could be found between patients after ASO and Rastelli procedure. Aortic cross clamp time was inversely correlated with max. HED retention (r=-2.94; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Coronary reimplantation and dissection of the great arteries have a negative influence on the sympathetic innervation of the myocardium, but because of reinnervation maximal myocardial blood flow is not essentially altered by this mechanism in older patients. Open heart surgery and prolonged aortic cross clamp time have a negative influence on the norepinephrine content of cardiac sympathetic nerve terminals.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Ana Cristina Perez, Pardeep S. Jhund, David J. Stott, Lars Gullestad, John G.F. Cleland, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, John Wikstrand, John Kjekshus, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

This study sought to examine the association between thyroid status and clinical outcomes in patients in the CORONA (Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure) study.Hypo- and hyperthyroidism were associated with worse clinical outcomes in the SCD-HeFT (Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial).In CORONA, 4,987 patients underwent baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) measurement, 237 of which (4.8%) were receiving thyroid replacement therapy (TRT). Patients were classified as euthyroid (TSH: 0.3 to 5.0 μU/ml, and no TRT), hyperthyroid (<0.3 μU/ml and no TRT), or hypothyroid (>5.0 μU/ml and no TRT). The outcome composites of cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for heart failure (HF), the components of this composite, and all-cause death were compared among hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and euthyroid states, using multivariable models adjusting for previously reported prognostic variables.A total of 91.3% of patients were euthyroid, 5.0% were hypothyroid, and 3.7% were hyperthyroid. Compared with euthyroid patients, hypothyroid patients were more likely to have a history of stroke, had worse renal function and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, were more likely to be treated with an antiarrhythmic drug (or have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator), and were less likely to smoke or be treated with a beta-blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker. In univariate analyses, hypothyroidism was associated with an increased risk of the composite outcome of CV death or HF hospitalization (hazard ratio: 1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.57; p = 0.008), as well as all-cause death (HR: 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.76; p = 0.004). However, after adjustment for other known predictors of outcome, the associations were weakened, and when NT-proBNP was added to the models, the association between hypothyroidism and all outcomes was eliminated.Thyroid status is not an independent predictor of outcome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. (Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Study in Heart Failure [CORONA]; NCT00206310).
Abstract 12990: Physical Activity, General and Abdominal Obesity and Mortality in European Men and Women
Authors: Ulf Ekelund, Heather Ward, Jian'an Luan, Teresa Norat, Soren Brage, Elio Riboli, Nick Wareham, Epic Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The higher risk of death due to excess adiposity may be attenuated by physical activity (PA). We examined the independent and combined associations between PA, body mass index (BMI), an...
Abstract 10438: Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation by Bucindolol is Completely Dependent on the Beta-1 389 Arg/Gly Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphism
Authors: Ryan Aleong, Gordon Davis, William Sauer, Alastair D Robertson, Michael R Bristow
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Beta blockers have modest efficacy for the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) in chronic heart failure/reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) populations, with risk reductions on the order of 20-40%...
Investigation of left ventricular dysfunction in acute dyspnoea
Authors: P. Crawford, A. Hendry, A. Davie, J. McMurray, W. Bagg, R. N Doughty, G. A Whalley, G. Gordon, N. Sharpe, N. D Gillespie, A. D Struthers, S. D Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Study in Lothian confirms findings
Increased plasma interleukin-8 concentrations in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: D Hill
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Interleukin-6 (hepatocyte stimulating factor) is a 26 kd cytokine that plays a major role in the acute phase response, especially the hepatic aspects of the acute phase response. Patients with alcoholic hepatitis manifest many aspects of the acute phase response. In this 6-month study we evaluated serial plasma interleukin-6 levels in 30 consecutive patients with moderate to severe alcoholic hepatitis. Mean admission plasma interleukin-6 activity was markedly increased (49.8 +/- 8.5 U/ml, normal less than 5 U/ml) in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, and levels decreased with clinical improvement to 15.6 +/- 6.1 U/ml at 6 months. Admission interleukin-6 activity correlated significantly (r = 0.82) with the severity of liver disease as assessed by the discriminant function of Maddrey. Also measured were selected assays postulated to be regulated by interleukin-6, including serum albumin (2.3 +/- 0.1 gm/dl), which was significantly depressed; alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (52 +/- 5 mg/dl), which was within normal limits; and IgA (827 +/- 70 mg/dl) and C-reactive protein (3.03 +/- 0.51 mg/dl), which were significantly elevated. Interleukin-6 activity fell over time in a pattern similar to that of bilirubin and C-reactive protein. We suggest that plasma interleukin-6 may not only regulate many aspects of the acute phase response but also may be a marker of inflammation and severity of disease in alcoholic hepatitis.
Gastric Cancer
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, James S. Barthel, Tanios Bekaii-Saab, David J. Bentrem, Thomas A. D'Amico, Prajnan Das, Crystal Denlinger, Charles S. Fuchs, Hans Gerdes, James A. Hayman, Lisa Hazard, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David H. Ilson, Rajesh N. Keswani, Lawrence R. Kleinberg, Michael Korn, Kenneth Meredith, Mary F. Mulcahy, Mark B. Orringer, Raymond U. Osarogiagbon, James A. Posey, Aaron R. Sasson, Walter J. Scott, Stephen Shibata, Vivian E. M. Strong, Mary Kay Washington, Christopher Willett, Douglas E. Wood, Cameron D. Wright, Gary Yang
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

Gastric cancer is rampant in several countries around the world. Its incidence in the West has been on the decline for more than 40 years; however, the location of gastric cancer has shifted proximally in the past 15 years. The reason for this shift is not clear. Diffuse histology is also more common now than intestinal type of histology. Advances have been made in staging procedures such as laparoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography and in possible functional imaging techniques. The current TNM classification requires an examination of at least 15 lymph nodes; therefore, at least a D1 dissection is recommended. Patients with locoregional gastric carcinoma should also be referred to high-volume treatment centers. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the adjuvant setting for select group of patients is considered the new standard in the United States. The NCCN Gastric Cancer Guidelines portray uniformity in the systemic approach to cancer in the United States. We look forward to the results of investigations of a number of new chemotherapeutic agents, including antireceptor agents, vaccines, gene therapy, and antiangiogenic agents. The panel anticipates many advances in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma in the future.
Abstract 17818: Epigenomic Profiling Reveals DNA Methylation Changes Associated with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xiaojian Wang, Ming Su, Jingru Bao, Jizheng Wang, Yilu Wang, Liping Yu, Shuiyun Wang, Lei Song, Rutai Hui
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: DNA methylation is indispensable for vertebrate genome function. Abnormal DNA methylation have been implicated in the end-stage failing human heart. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a an i...