tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Frontiers and Challenges of Piezo Channels in Brain Function: Insights into Mechanotransduction, Technological Hurdles, and Future Directions
Authors: Shaopeng Chi
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

The Piezo family of mechanosensitive ion channels plays a pivotal role in translating mechanical stimuli into biological responses. In the context of the brain, Piezo channels, especially Piezo1, are crucial for neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive function. Astrocytes, neurons, and vascular cells express Piezo channels, which mediate mechanotransduction pathways that are integral for brain health. Despite the expanding knowledge of Piezo1's roles, there are significant challenges in fully understanding its mechanisms in the brain. This review explores the frontiers of Piezo research in brain function, discusses the complexity of cellular mechanics, and examines the technological limitations in applying mechanotransduction principles to brain science. Additionally, we address the biases in current models, future research directions, and the potential for overcoming these challenges.
Clinical And Epidemiological Characterization of Patients Discharged with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Adrian González Méndez
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

Introduction: Ischemic heart disease has a worldwide prevalence of approximately 78 million cases, of which 7.3 million are related to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This remains one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality globally, especially in young men under 50 years of age. Objective: To characterize, from a clinical-epidemiological point of view, patients with acute myocardial infarction discharged from the Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital in Sancti Spíritus. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with acute myocardial infarction who were graduated from the Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital of Sancti Spíritus, in the period between January 2021 and December 2022. The sample was made up of 26 graduates who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Intense chest pain (84.61%) and the feeling of death (80.76%) were the main symptoms presented in the graduates. The male sex (57.59%) had a greater predominance than the female sex (42.30%). The age group with the greatest relevance was those aged 70 and over (46.66%). C Conclusions: With the data obtained, it was possible to characterize the patients with AMI discharged from the Camilo Cienfuegos General Hospital in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, where the non-modifiable risk factors that prevailed were age and male sex.
Acute Coronary Syndrome with Persistent ST-Segment Elevation: Epidemiological, Clinical, Paraclinical Features, and Management Modalities in Mauritania
Authors: SM Ethmane
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

Background: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), marked by manifestations linked to coronary atherosclerosis and sudden myocardial perfusion impairment, poses a significant global public health challenge due to its prevalence and lethality. In Mauritania, where the last study was conducted in 2017, Aim: this research aims to delineate the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical profiles of hospitalized STEMI patients and evaluate the management and short- term in-hospital outcomes. Materials and methods: The study, conducted at the National Cardiology Center in Nouakchott, Mauritania, from July to September 2022, is a single-center observational analysis focusing on STEMI management. Data from 86 patients were prospectively collected, encompassing sociodemographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and short-term outcome variables. IBM SPSS 26 software was utilized for data analysis, employing statistical tests such as Student's t- test and Fisher's Chi-square test with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Hospital prevalence of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) was 10.2%, predominantly affecting males (ratio 4.06) with a mean age of 56.5 years. Men had a higher cumulative cardiovascular risk burden and smoking prevalence, while women showed higher rates of diabetes and hypertension. Most patients sought medical attention within 12 hours, and revascularization was performed in 84% of cases, resulting in favorable outcomes in 78%, with complications observed in 22% and a 13% mortality rate during the acute phase. Conclusion: The management of STEMI in Mauritania has seen improvements, with increased rates of revascularization, notably primary angioplasty, rising from 5% to 36% in 5 years. However, the persistently high mortality rate stands at approximately 13%. Recommendations include strengthening primary prevention, anti-tobacco campaigns, ensuring emergency revascularization resources, and facilitating medical transport for timely treatment.
Algorithms to Ageless: AI in Anti-Aging Medicine
Authors: Ernst von Schwarz
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine in general and in scientific anti-aging efforts in particular represents a new era of research, diagnostics, and therapy. We here review and discuss the AI-driven methodologies that accelerate the identification of therapeutic targets, predictive biomarkers, and precision-driven interventions, as well as recent breakthroughs, including the application of deep learning (DL) algorithms to screen large chemical libraries, leading to the discovery of senolytic compounds that selectively eliminate aging cells. AI-powered biological aging clocks, trained on genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and epigenomic data, enable accurate predictions of biological age that may help to optimize early intervention strategies for age-related diseases. AI-based bioinformatics platforms have identified novel compounds that enhance collagen synthesis and mitigate oxidative stress, thus offering new avenues for personalized skincare and anti-aging therapeutics. Issues for clinical application remain, including ethical concerns and a lack of robust validation frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration, and appropriate education on AI methodologies. Given that aging-related interventions primarily target middle-aged to elderly populations, clinicians must be equipped to respond to patient concerns and communicate AI-generated insights effectively, fostering trust in AI-assisted anti-aging medicine.
Quadricuspid Aortic Valve: Intraoperative Diagnosis by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Ajmer Singh
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

The quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital anomaly, which usually progresses to aortic regurgitation in adulthood requiring aortic valve replacement. It may be associated with other congenital abnormalities such as aberrant coronary arteries, patent ductus arteriosus, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, persistent left superior vena cava, subaortic stenosis, and aortic dilation. Most cases are diagnosed incidentally during aortic valve surgery or autopsy. With the availability of better imaging techniques such as three-dimensional echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, more cases are being diagnosed in asymptomatic patients. Herein, we report a case of a 55-year-old man in whom a quadricuspid aortic valve was detected by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.
The Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring the Impact on Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Arrhythmias, and Evaluating the Efficacy of Current and Emerging Therapies
Authors: Rachel Fernández Bravo
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, a rare congenital cardiomyopathy, is characterized by prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the ventricular cavity. The typical presentation includes a triad of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, and systemic embolization. The disorder is often diagnosed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In the absence of specific therapy, the management depends on the clinical presentation. Here, we describe a young man with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Unilateral Hilar Prominence: A Diagnostic Dilemma!
Authors: Ajmer Singh
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

The radiographic density of the hilum is mainly contributed by the pulmonary arteries and veins, major bronchi, and lymph nodes. Superior pulmonary veins make a small contribution. Though both hila should be indistinguishable in size and density, we do not get equal hila in all the chest X-rays. Rotational malpositioning must be kept in mind, while interpreting chest radiographs of unequal hilum. There are numerous causes of hilar enlargement. It is the clinical presentation which will help in reaching the differential diagnosis. Asymmetric hilum is a challenging subject for clinicians. Interpretation of unequal hilum depends on findings of detail history, meticulous clinical examination, and appropriate investigation.
Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report)
Authors: Golyanovskiy Oleg V
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

The World Obesity Federation predicts that by 2030, one billion people worldwide will be living with obesity. Therefore, it is worth highlighting morbid obesity, defined by the WHO as a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more, in which women have significantly more prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum complications. In particular, obesity is known to have a significant association with cardiometabolic disorders. Іt has been established that the rate of cesarean section (CS) in pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2 approaches 50%. The purpose of the publication is to familiarize with a clinical case of cardiometabolic disorders and the optimal method of delivery of a pregnant woman with morbid obesity and severe preeclampsia using supraumbilical laparotomy and fundal CS, medical and technical support with modern energies (radio-wave scalpel, argon-plasma tissue coagulation) for the prevention of peripartum complications, and which was carried out at the main clinical base of the department - the Kyiv Regional Perinatal Center (KRPC). Having analyzed the clinical case we successfully conducted, it is worth highlighting the timely diagnosis of cardiometabolic disorders in a pregnant woman against the background of morbid obesity and severe preeclampsia with all the obvious advantages of supraumbilical/supraumbilical laparotomy and fundal CS, which is most effectiveness for this contingent of women.
Dedicated Heart Attack Treatment Centre Improves 2-year Survival Rate of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction beyond Global Average
Authors: SKS Lairikyengbam
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

Background: Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is one of the life-threatening coronary events with sudden cardiac death. It is the most severe clinical presentation of coronary artery disease. The acute STEMI results from an occlusive coronary thrombus at the site of a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque. The aim of the study is to assess 2-year survival rate of patients with acute STEMI received and treatment initiated at the Dedicated Heart Attack Treatment Centre. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at SKY Hospital &amp; Research Centre, Imphal, India between January 2018 and January 2020 in the population of fifty patients with acute STEMI discharged from the hospital during that period. Results: A rapid and intense diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute STEMI resulted in an improvement of 2-year survival with good quality of life with 92.00% survival rate. Conclusion: The present study of patients with acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction received and treatment started at the Dedicated Heart Attack Centre of SKY Hospital &amp; Research Centre, Imphal, India demonstrated an increase in 2-year survival rate which is higher than many previously published survival rate.
Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ajmer Singh
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2025)

Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, a rare congenital cardiomyopathy, is characterized by prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses that communicate with the ventricular cavity. The typical presentation includes a triad of heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, and systemic embolization. The disorder is often diagnosed by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. In the absence of specific therapy, the management depends on the clinical presentation. Here, we describe a young man with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Efficacy and Safety of Rilzabrutinib in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 16-Week Results From a Proof-of-Concept Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: Leon Kircik, Athanasios Tsianakas, Fernando Valenzuela, Vincent Mikol, Gaowei Nian, Leda Mannent, Lydie Baret-Cormel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD), the most common inflammatory skin disorder, carries a significant public health burden. Many patients with moderate-to-severe AD are unable to achieve adequate disease control with topical treatment and require treatment with oral immunosuppressants or monoclonal antibody injections. A continued unmet need for a safe, effective, and easy-to-use oral drug exists. AD has a complex pathophysiology including adaptive- and innate-dependent mechanisms, some of which involve Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). Rilzabrutinib is an oral, selective, and reversible covalent BTK inhibitor. Objectives Assess the efficacy and safety of rilzabrutinib in patients with moderate-to-severe AD and inadequate response or intolerance to topical corticosteroids. Methods Eligible adults were enrolled in 2 staggered dose-regimen cohorts: 800 mg/day (400 mg twice a day) or 1200 mg/day (400 mg 3 times a day) and randomised 3:2 to receive rilzabrutinib or placebo for 16 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the percent change in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score from baseline to week 16. Key secondary endpoints included the proportion of participants at week 16 achieving an Investigator’s Global Assessment score of 0 or 1, achieving EASI-75, and with a reduction of weekly average of daily Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) ≥4 from baseline. Safety was measured by recording adverse effects. Results The primary endpoint did not reach statistical significance (least squares mean difference vs placebo; 800 mg: -6.25%, P=0.62; 1200 mg: -3.88%; P=0.67). The key secondary endpoints also did not demonstrate significant improvements with rilzabrutinib vs placebo. However, a rapid improvement in absolute and relative change in weekly average of daily PP-NRS was demonstrated with rilzabrutinib. Rilzabrutinib was well tolerated. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mostly mild, with a low incidence of serious AEs. TEAEs occurring at a higher frequency with rilzabrutinib than with placebo included nausea and diarrhoea. Adverse effects associated with previous generations of BTK inhibitors were not observed with rilzabrutinib. Conclusions This study did not meet its primary endpoint. However, consistent results favouring rilzabrutinib in itch response were observed. These findings also highlight the acceptable safety profile of rilzabrutinib vs the adverse effects associated with other BTK inhibitors.
Exome and Transcriptome Analysis Links Calcium Channel Pathway Aberrations to Botox Resistance in Hailey-Hailey Disease
Authors: Yongyong Yuan, Hailun Wang, Meng Pan, Jie Zheng, Li Zhang, Han Cao, Xiaoying Chen, Yan Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract Background The effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) in the treatment of Hailey-Hailey Disease (HHD) has shown heterogeneity in recent studies. However, there is currently no research investigating the underlying mechanism behind the variability in patient response. Objectives To identify potential biomarkers and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the heterogeneity in treatment efficacy of BoNTA for HHD. Methods Twelve HHD patients were administered standardized injections of BoNTA, with the primary endpoint being ≥ 75% improvement in Improvement Global Assessment (IGA) from baseline to month 6. A comprehensive multi-omics approach, including Whole-Exome Sequencing (WES), bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were utilized to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, an in vitro experiment was conducted to further validate cellular responses to BoNTA, providing further insights into the biological mechanisms involved. Results Ten of 12 patients (83%) achieved the primary endpoint with BoNTA treatment, while two patients (17%) showed no response at month 6. WES analysis did not find a significant association between the type of ATP2C1 genetic mutation in HHD patients and their response to BoNTA treatment. Both transcriptomic analysis and IHC of baseline skin lesions revealed an overactivated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) pathway involving genes such as ITPKC and ORAI1 in keratinocytes, accompanied by activation of the NLRP1/IL-18/IL-1β inflammatory cascade in BoNTA resistance patients. We confirmed ATP2C1 loss triggered inflammatory responses in HaCat cells in vitro. BoNTA demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory efficacy as a calcium antagonist, while the upregulation of ORAI1/SOCE contributed to a diminished response to BoNTA. Conclusions BoNTA treatment in HHD exhibits inter-individual variability. Although ATP2C1 genetic mutation type has no direct association with patients’ response, combined transcriptomic analysis and IHC indicate the upregulation of ORAI1/SOCE pathway may potentially contribute to treatment resistance and serve as biomarkers for predicting patient responsiveness.
The mutation burden of narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB-UVB) in human skin; relevance to NB-UVB lifetime exposures and skin cancer surveillance
Authors: Joanna C Fowler, Roshan K Sood, George Coltart, Chester Lai, Noeline Nadarajah, John W Holloway, Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli, Brian Diffey, Philip H Jones, Eugene Healy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract Background Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is used as treatment for psoriasis and other skin diseases, but UVR can induce DNA mutations which may lead to skin cancer development. While skin cancers have been documented in patients treated with phototherapy, a limited number of epidemiological studies have examined skin cancer incidence in people receiving narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) treatment. Information on mutagenicity of NB-UVB would help inform about the potential skin cancer risks of this treatment. Objectives To determine the mutation burden in human skin resulting from a NB-UVB treatment course and use this data to estimate the total number of NB-UVB exposures whereupon skin cancer surveillance should commence. Methods Biopsies of normal skin were obtained before and after a course of NB-UVB from 16 patients with psoriasis. Epidermal DNA was sequenced using nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq) to determine the mutational signatures and mutation burden from NB-UVB. Results The NB-UVB treatment course increased the number of mutations in skin. Median increase in mutation burden was 0.55 substitutions/Mb in infrequently sun-exposed (buttock) and 0.89 substitutions/Mb in frequently sun-exposed (forearm) skin, P= 0.0001, n=14 patients and P=0.0098, n=10 patients respectively. Change in mutation burden due to NB-UVB ranged from 1.16 to 10.5-fold in buttock skin and 0.93 to 2.33-fold in forearm skin. This increase was mainly attributable to UVR-exposure linked mutational signatures, SBS7a and SBS7b, with some evidence that mutational burden related to genetic background of the individual. Modelling the change in mutation burden from NB-UVB relative to minimal erythema dose (MED) in comparison with average mutation burden in keratinocyte skin cancers allowed estimation of total lifetime exposures at which patients are likely to require skin cancer surveillance; for patients with MED equal to 2 standard erythemal doses (SEDs), skin cancer surveillance should be offered at 422, 165 and 58 NB-UVB exposures for those receiving low, typical, and high levels of sun exposure, respectively. Conclusions A treatment course of NB-UVB causes UVR-induced mutations in normal skin of patients with psoriasis. Relating mutation burden to MED and sun behaviour habits allows estimation of when to commence skin cancer surveillance according to total lifetime NB-UVB exposures.
The FAIIR conversational AI agent assistant for youth mental health service provision
Authors: Stephen Obadinma, Alia Lachana, Maia Leigh Norman, Jocelyn Rankin, Joanna Yu, Xiaodan Zhu, Darren Mastropaolo, Deval Pandya, Roxana Sultan, Elham Dolatabadi
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Frontline crisis support plays a critical role in youth mental health services, where Crisis Responders (CRs) engage in conversations and assign issue tags to guide interventions. To enhance this process, we introduce FAIIR (Frontline Assistant: Issue Identification and Recommendation), an ensemble of domain-adapted transformer models trained on 780,000 conversations. FAIIR aims to reduce CR's cognitive burden, enhance issue identification accuracy, and streamline post-conversation administrative tasks. Evaluated on retrospective data, FAIIR achieves an average AUC ROC of 94%, an average F1-score of 64%, and an average recall score of 81%. During the silent testing phase, its performance remained robust, with less than a 2% drop in all metrics. CRs exhibited 90.9% agreement with its predictions, and expert agreement with FAIIR exceeded their agreement with original labels. These findings highlight FAIIR's potential to assist CRs in prioritizing urgent cases and ensuring appropriate resource allocation in crisis interventions.