tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2353: Angiopoietin Expression in Children Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: John S Giuliano, Patrick M Lahni, Michael T Bigham, David P Nelson, Peter B Manning, Lois Bogenshutz, Tracey VanVliet, Hector R Wong, Derek S Wheeler
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening problem in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) that is partly related to the host inflammatory response following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The angiopoietins are a family of vascular growth factors that are necessary for angiogenesis. Two members of the angiopoietin family are well characterized in humans - angiopoietin-1 (angpt-1) and angpt-2 - both of which appear to act on the Tie2 receptor, found primarily on vascular endothelial cells. Angpt-1 protects against capillary leak, while angpt-2 promotes increased vascular permeability and potentiates inflammation. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that plasma angpt-2 levels increase following CPB and correlate with indices of systemic inflammation and capillary leak. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained at baseline and at 0, 4, and 24 h after CPB in 49 children (median age 5 mo) with CHD. Troponin-I, angpt-1, angpt-2, VEGF, and soluble Tie2 (sTie2) were measured via a commercially available ELISA. Cytokines were measured using a multiplex cytokine assay. Results: CPB (mean CPB 119 min, cross-clamp, 71 mins) increased troponin-I, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 expression. Plasma angpt-2 levels increased by 6 h (952 pg/mL vs 462 pg/mL, p&lt;0.05) and remained significantly elevated at 24 h after CPB (1850 pg/mL, p&lt;0.05). Plasma angpt-1 levels remained unchanged immediately after CPB, but were significantly decreased at 24 h after CPB (635 pg/mL vs 991 pg/mL, p&lt;0.05). Similarly, plasma sTie2 levels increased after CPB (6.4 ng/mL vs 2.86 ng/mL, p&lt;0.05) before returning to baseline by 6 h after CPB. Plasma VEGF levels were not different at any timepoint. Plasma angpt-2 levels after CPB signficantly correlated with troponin-I, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. There was a significant correlation between plasma angpt-2 levels and CPB time. Finally, higher plasma angpt-2 levels at 6 h correlated significantly with increased length of stay in the CICU (r=0.86; p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Angpt-2 appears to be an important biomarker of vascular endothelial injury and capillary leak following CPB in children with CHD. Further studies on the role of angpt-2 in the pathophysiology of CLS following CPB are warranted.
Myeloma XI Trial – Second Primary Malignancy Interim Report in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Patients
Authors: John Jones, Charlotte Pawlyn, Annamaria Brioli, David A Cairns, Ana Quartillo, Rachel Sigsworth, Helen Howard, Corinne Collett, Jacqueline Ouzman, Walter Gregory, Nigel Russell, Graham H Jackson, Faith E Davies, Gareth J. Morgan
Journal: Blood (2014)
Final analysis of the randomized trial of the German AIO CRC study group: Cetuximab plus XELIRI versus cetuximab plus XELOX as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: N. Moosmann, L. Fischer von Weikersthal, U. Vehling-Kaiser, M. Stauch, H. F. Dietzfelbinger, D. V. Oruzio, S. Klein, S. Stintzing, V. Heinemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3540 Background: Cetuximab combined with 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid plus irinotecan or oxaliplatin has shown activity in the treatment of mCRC. This randomized phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab combined with the oral fluoropyrimidine capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI) or oxaliplatin (XELOX) in the first-line treatment of mCRC. Methods: A total of 185 mCRC patients were randomized to cetuximab (400 mg/m2 day 1, followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly) plus XELIRI (irinotecan 200 mg/m2, day 1; capecitabine 800mg/m2; twice daily days 1-14, every 3 weeks; 20% dose reduction of both agents for patients older than 65 years) or cetuximab plus XELOX (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 day 1; capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily days 1- 14, every three weeks). The primary study endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). KRAS mutation status (wild type or mutant) was determined on codons 12/13 using a mutation-specific quantitative PCR-based assay. Results: In the intention-to-treat patient population (n = 177), ORR was 46.1% (95% CI: 35.4-57) versus 47.7% (95% CI: 37-58.7) and the disease control rate 74.2% versus 77.3% for cetuximab plus XELIRI versus cetuximab plus XELOX. Time to progression and overall survival were 6.3 and 21.1 months for cetuximab and XELIRI compared to 7.7 and 25.5 months for cetuximab and XELOX. Secondary resection was possible in 9.2% of patients with liver metastases. Both study treatments had manageable tolerability profiles and were safe. The most common grade 3/4 toxicities in the cetuximab plus XELIRI arm versus cetuximab plus XELOX arm were diarrhea (15.7% versus 19.3%), cetuximab-induced exanthema (12.4% versus 20.5%), and sensory neurotoxicity (1.1% versus 14.8%). KRAS analysis data will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: This randomized trial demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of cetuximab combined with XELIRI or XELOX for the first-line treatment of patients with mCRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Merck, Roche Merck, Pfizer, Roche, sanofi-aventis Merck, Pfizer, Roche, sanofi-aventis
Abstract 1554: PX-18 - A Novel Inhibitor of Type IIA Secretory Phospholipase A2 Induces Pre and Post-Conditioning against Myocardial Infarction in Rabbit: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels.
Authors: Ramzi A Ockaili, Fadi Salloum, Christopher K Mehta, Richard C Franson, Rakesh C Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background:  The low-molecular-weight, calcium-dependent type IIA secretory phospholipase A 2  (sPLA 2 ) has been implicated in irreversible cell damage following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We examined the protective effect of PX-18, a novel sPLA 2  inhibitor, during I/R in the heart. Since mitochondrial K ATP  (mitoK ATP ) channel opening is an essential component of ischemic tolerance induced by preconditioning in hearts, we also interrogated the role of these channels in PX-18-induced protection.   Methods and Results:  Rabbits were treated with PX-18 (60 mg/kg ip) 30 min prior to 30 min of regional ischemia and 3 hrs of reperfusion. MitoK ATP  channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD, 5 mg/kg iv) was given 10 min before I/R. Infarct size (IS) was measured by computer morphometry of tetrazolium stained sections. IS (mean ± SE) was reduced in rabbits treated with PX-18 as compared to vehicle or non-treated controls (43% reduction)[Fig.1]. 5-HD blocked the protection of PX-18 as shown by an increase in IS. 5-HD alone had no effect on IS. Risk areas were not different among groups (not shown). Furthermore, PX-18 administration as an iv bolus (30 mg/kg) further reduced IS, both when given post-ischemia (55% reduction), and, importantly, when given 1 hr after reperfusion (61% reduction) [Fig. 1]. PX-18 had no significant effect on hemodynamics.   Conclusion:  These data suggest that PX-18 induces pharmacological preconditioning in the heart which is mediated by opening of mitoK ATP  channels. Also, the drug was cardioprotective when administered after ischemia or 1 hr after reperfusion. We conclude that inhibition of sPLA2 is a powerful strategy to induce protection against I/R injury.
Abstract 1171: Risk Variants for Atrial Fibrillation on Chromosome 4q25 Associate with Non-Cardiogenic Stroke Suggesting that AF is a Much Greater Cause of Stroke than Previously Recognized
Authors: Jeffrey Gulcher, Solveig Gretarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Hilma Holm, Anna Helgadottir, David Arnar, Daniel Gudbjartsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract P3-04-15: Ethinylestradiol treatment downregulates ER and upregulates PgR; Immunohistochemical analysis in postmenopausal breast cancer tissues after prior long-term estrogen-deprivation therapy
Authors: Hirotaka Iwase, Yoko Omoto, Takashi Takeshita, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki, Mitsuhiro Hayashi, Aiko Sueta, Saori Fujiwara, Yutaka Yamamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer can often be treated by hormone therapy; however a certain population of ER-positive patients becomes resistant to hormone therapy after long-term hormone treatment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a derivative of estrogen which has shown promising effects on in these patients. Methods: We successfully obtained tissue samples from 6 patients undergoing EE2 treatment and examined 13 well-known breast cancer-related factors by analyzing their gene expression and by immunohistochemistry. Of the 6 patients, 5 responded but one patient did not. Results: Before EE2 treatment, staining for both ER and androgen receptor (AR) was strong in the nucleus, with weak staining of the progesterone receptor (PgR). EE2 treatment significantly down-regulated ER and up-regulated PgR while nuclear and cytosolic AR were oppositely down- and up-regulated, respectively, by EE2. Cytosolic staining of BRCA1 was significantly up-regulated by EE2 whereas nuclear staining tended to decrease. Individual comparisons suggested less induction of PgR and decreasing AKT but increasing pAKT in the non-responder following EE2 treatment. Conclusion: Our observations revealed that EE2 activated ER downstream genes, although it did not stimulate cell growth. This suggests that hormone resistant cells might receive growth signals from a non-genomic pathway and this may be reflected in their sensitivity to EE2 treatment. Citation Format: Hirotaka Iwase, Yoko Omoto, Takashi Takeshita, Mutsuko Yamamoto-Ibusuki, Mitsuhiro Hayashi, Aiko Sueta, Saori Fujiwara, Yutaka Yamamoto. Ethinylestradiol treatment downregulates ER and upregulates PgR; Immunohistochemical analysis in postmenopausal breast cancer tissues after prior long-term estrogen-deprivation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-15.
Abstract 20561: Correlation Between Transmitral Vortex Formation and Mitral Valve's Leaflet Length
Authors: Arash Kheradvar
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Several studies have previously confirmed the presence of vortical flow structures that develop along with the propulsive transmitral jet. These vortices are found as indicator of diastolic function. Recent works also report that in a normal heart, the transmitral vortex tends to be more asymmetric than symmetric potentially due to asymmetry of the mitral valve's leaflets. In the present work, we have studied the effect of mital valve leaflets' length on the shape of the transmitral vortex using a dynamic bi-leaflet mitral bioprosthesis. Methods: This study has been accomplished using a left heart pulsed flow simulator. Two bi-leaflet mitral bioprosthetics (25mm) with different leaflet lengths (11mm and 25mm) that mimic the dynamic motion of the mitral valve's saddle annulus were used for comparison. The flow characteristic information was captured by high speed Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV). Results: Flow fields downstream of each valve were mapped using DPIV. Figures A and B show...
Social decisions associated with rationing are not yet acceptable
Authors: J. T. Hart
Journal: BMJ (1996)

the ways in which health authonties and general practice purchasers now make their decisions, so that recommendations that are made can be trans- lated into practice.A National Council for Health Care Prionties should draw on this information and experience from other countries in developing methods for determining priorities and monitorng how they are set while protecting training, research, and development.
Abstract 1600: Disturbed Myocardial Response to Endothelin-1 and Angiotensin II in Heart Failure
Authors: Carmen Bras-Silva, Paulo Castro-Chaves, Daniela Monteiro-Sousa, Ana Joana Duarte, Pedro Nunes, Ana Patricia Fontes-Sousa, Adelino F Leite-Moreira
Journal: Circulation (2006)

In the present study, we investigated the myocardial effects of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and Angiotensin II (AngII), with a special emphasis on diastolic function, in normal and failing hearts, as well as, their modulation by the endocardial endothelium (EE). New Zealand white rabbits were treated with Doxorubicin (2mg/kg, iv/ 8 weeks, Heart Failure-HF Group) or saline (Control Group). The contractile effects of increasing concentrations of ET-1, Sarafotoxin S6c (SRTXc, selective ET B  receptor agonist, non-specific ET B1 /ET B2 ), IRL1620 (selective endothelial ET B1  receptor agonist), and AngII were studied in papillary muscles (n=101, Krebs-Ringer: 1.8mM CaCl 2 , 35°C) from the: (i) Control Group with intact EE; (ii) Control Group with damaged EE and (iii) HF Group. In the Control Group with intact EE, ET-1 and Ang II promoted dose-dependent positive inotropy. This effect was maintained in the absence of EE and in the HF Group in the case of ET-1, but was attenuated in these groups in response to AngII. Both ET-1 and AngII increased myocardial distensibility when in the presence of intact EE. This effect was blunted in failing muscles and in muscles with damaged EE. Selective ET B  stimulation with SRTXc did not significantly alter myocardial function in the Control Group with intact EE, but induced a positive inotropic effect in the presence of a damaged EE or HF. In contrast, selective endothelial ET B1  stimulation with IRL1620 induced a dose dependent negative inotropic effect in the Control Group with intact EE, effect that was abolished after damaging EE and reduced in the HF Group. This study showed that ET-1 and AngII promote, in addition to the well known effects on systolic function, an increase in diastolic distensibility, which is dependent on the EE functional integrity and that is almost absent in the failing myocardium. The response pattern to ET B  receptors stimulation in the HF Group suggests the presence of a dysfunctional EE. These results reinforce the importance of endothelial ET B1  receptors as markers of endothelial function and provide new elements for the comprehension of the pathophysiology of HF.
Abstract 18132: Multicenter Non-Randomized Prospective Cohort Study of Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Study of Advanced Life Support for Ventricular Fibrillation with Extracorporeal Circulation in Japan (SAVE-J)
Authors: Tetsuya Sakamoto, Yasufumi Asai, Ken Nagao, Hiroyuki Yokota, Naoto Morimura, Yoshio Tahara, Takahiro Atsumi, Mamoru Hase, Satoshi Nara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: This study is aimed to examine the efficacy of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for patients in out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). Method: The design of this study is a multicenter non-randomized prospective cohort study. Hypothesis is that the outcome of OHCA with VF or pulseless VT is similar between ECPR and conventional advanced life support (ALS). During from Oct. 2008 to Dec. 2010, forty six tertiary emergency hospitals were participated in this study. Patient inclusion criteria were 1) VF or pulseless VT on scene, 2) cardiac arrest on arrival at hospital, 3) within 45 minutes from a call to an arrival of hospital, and 4) non-ROSC by conventional ALS during 15 minutes after an arrival at hospital. Exclusion criteria were 1) age: 75 yr, 2) poor activities of daily livings, 3) non-cardiac verified cardiac arrest, and 4) hypothermia. According to the inclusion criteria, ECPR was adopted for OHCA in 26 hospitals (ECPR group) and conventional ALS was planned in 20 hospitals (non-ECPR group). Both groups (Intention-to-treat) were analyzed about the proportion of patients with favorable outcome (CPC1 or 2) assessed with the Glasgow-Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance and Overall Performance Categories at 1 month by chi square test and Fisher exact probability test. Results: One hundred and eighty patients of ECPR group and 134 patients of non-ECPR group were enrolled. There was no difference between the background of ECPR group and non-ECPR group; Average age (56.0 VS 56.9), Witnessed (72.8% VS 75.4%), Lay-rescuer CPR (49.4% VS 45.5%), Acute coronary syndrome (65.6% VS 61.4%), Minutes from collapse to emergency department (26.8 VS 30.0). The favorable outcome rate in ECPR group (12.4%, 22 patients) was statistically higher than the rate in non-ECPR group (1.6%, two patients) (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation may improve the outcome of out-of hospital cardiac arrest with VF or pulseless VT without ROSC by conventional ALS during 15 minutes after an arrival at hospital.
European Task Force on Lymphoma project on lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin disease: histologic and immunohistologic analysis of submitted cases reveals 2 types of Hodgkin disease with a nodular growth pattern and abundant lymphocytes
Authors: Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Kaarle Franssila, Martin Harris, Nancy L. Harris, Elaine S. Jaffe, J. Han, J. M. van Krieken, Sibrand Poppema, Teresa Marafioti, Jeremy Franklin, Michael Sextro, Volker Diehl, Harald Stein
Journal: Blood (2000)
Abstract 14356: Watchful Waiting is more Cost-Effective than Early Surgery for Asymptomatic, Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Jared Conley, Robert Mackenzie, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction. Conventional surgical indications in chronic, asymptomatic, severe aortic regurgitation include symptoms, LV dysfunction and LV enlargement. As the condition is slowly-progressive, wa...
Establish New Formulas for the Calculation of Renal Depth in Both Children and Adults
Authors: Guangyu Ma, Mingzhe Shao, Baixuan Xu, Jiahe Tian, Yingmao Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

Objective This study was performed to develop a new formula to estimate the renal depth in both children and adults; then compare the new formula with previously published formulas. Methods Renal depth and total thickness (T, cm) of the body at the level of the kidneys were measured by CT in 113 children and 246 adults. Their sex, age, height (H, cm), and weight (W, kg) were recorded. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were conducted, using data from children and adults together. The 359 cases were divided into 2 random groups, of which, the first group was used to derive a regressive formula, and the second was used to verify the formula and compare the formula with previously published formulas in different groups. Results Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the important variable in estimating the depth of each kidney was the ratio of body weight (W, kg) to body height (H, cm) and the total thickness (T, cm) of the body at the level of the kidneys. The new formula was as follows: for right renal depth (cm) = 0.22 × T + 7.714 × W/H-0.331 (r = 0.95), and for left renal depth (cm) = 0.238 × T + 6.553 × W/H-0.618 (r = 0.95). It is better than the other four formulas in different groups, especially in children and W/H ≤ 0.30 (in adults) groups. Conclusions We first introduced T into renal depth estimation formula and established the new formula. It has a better performance than the other four formulas in different groups. The new formula provided reliable and accurate renal depth and may contribute to improving the methods used to estimate renal function from radionuclide renography.
Effectiveness of regional trauma systems
Authors: P A Oakley, R M Kirby, A D Redmond, J Templeton, M J A Parr, J P Nolan, J. Wright, J. Nicholl, J. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Nicholl and Turner’s attempt to perform a definitive before and after study on regionalised trauma care was beset by logistical problems.1 Firstly, ambulance workers were not empowered to bypass the surrounding hospitals, who in turn were reluctant to be bypassed during the vulnerable period of health service reforms. Secondly, similar systems were compared. The central hospitals in Stoke, Hull, and Preston are all large hospitals with neurosurgical units on site. Thirdly, data were not collected prospectively. The researchers trawled the patients’ case records often years after admission. Notes from 1990 were not requested for initial examination until 1993, by which time many had been reduced and put on to microfiche. 

Fourthly, the local researcher was not trained on the nationally recognised injury scaling course. There were no intra-observer variability checks to confirm consistent application of scoring methods over the four years. Lastly, significant discrepancies in data accuracy were evident. When the number of direct admissions with severe trauma in 1993 were compared with those counted by the Trauma Research Group at Keele University there was a 25% difference. An outside expert scored the same patients independently and concurred with the Keele findings to within 3%. 

Since 1994 we have adopted a strategy to enhance data accuracy. Details on every major trauma patient are checked weekly by a senior clinician and circulated to medical and nursing staff involved in the patient’s care. Data shared freely in the clinical domain acts as a two way feedback system to promote accuracy and militate against entry bias in the trauma database. The problem of data validation must be addressed nationally, especially if audit information is to be released to purchasers of health care. 

Nicholl and Turner’s study represents at best a snapshot at the start of the development of the trauma system. Since then much progress has been made. Last year, our crude mortality in patients with severe trauma was 20%, compared with 38% in 1989-90.2,3 The pattern of trauma deaths with many cases of potentially salvageable major haemorrhage, referred to in the Royal College of Surgeons’ report,4,5 is no longer evident: 88% of deaths after major trauma were in patients with a critical head injury or aged over 70 years. 

Nicholl and Turner raise important issues but further careful studies are required to serve as evidence on which to base national policy.
并不“简单”的带状疱疹
Authors: 周仲华
Journal: BMJ (2006)

我接诊过这样一位患者,52岁,是一个汽车修理工人.1个月前,他突然出现了很严重的头痛,部位在左侧颞部,为持续性的锐痛.第1次就诊时看的是一位中医科医生,当时测的血压是100/60 mm Hg(13.3/7.9 kPa),那位医生给他检查后认为是脑血管供血不足,给开了一些中药就让他回家了。