tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Adults — United States, 2017–2021
Authors: Ahlia Sekkarie, Jing Fang, Donald Hayes, Fleetwood Loustalot
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.It increases with age and is highest among non-Hispanic Black or African American persons, men, persons aged ≥65 years, those of lower socioeconomic status, and those who live in the southern United States.Hypertension affects approximately one half of U.S. adults, and approximately one quarter of those persons have their blood pressure under control.Reducing population-level hypertension prevalence and improving control is a national priority.In 2017, updated guidelines for high blood pressure in adults recommended lowering the blood pressure threshold for diagnosis of hypertension.Analysis of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System found that age-standardized, self-reported diagnosed hypertension was approximately 30% during 2017-2021, with persistent differences by age, sex, race and ethnicity, level of education, and state of residence.During this period, the age-standardized prevalence of antihypertensive medication use among persons with hypertension increased by 3.1 percentage points, from 59.8% to 62.9% (p<0.001).Increases in antihypertensive medication use were observed in most sociodemographic groups and in many states.Assessing current trends in hypertension diagnosis and treatment can help guide the development of policies and implementation of interventions to reduce this important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can aid in addressing health disparities.
An EBV-related CD4 TCR immunotherapy inhibits tumor growth in an HLA-DP5+ nasopharyngeal cancer mouse model
Authors: Chenwei Wang, Jiewen Chen, Jingyao Li, Zhihong Xu, Lihong Huang, Qian Zhao, Lei Chen, Xiaolong Liang, Hai Hu, Gang Li, Chengjie Xiong, Bin Wu, Hua You, Danyi Du, Xiaoling Wang, Hongle Li, Zibing Wang, Lin Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Adoptive transfer of T cell receptor-engineered T cells (TCR-T) is a promising strategy for immunotherapy against solid tumors. However, the potential of CD4+ T cells in mediating tumor regression has been neglected. Nasopharyngeal cancer is consistently associated with EBV. Here, to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CD4 TCR-T in nasopharyngeal cancer, we screened for CD4 TCRs recognizing EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) presented by HLA-DP5. Using mass spectrometry, we identified EBNA567-581, a peptide naturally processed and presented by HLA-DP5. We isolated TCR135, a CD4 TCR with high functional avidity, that can function in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and recognizes HLA-DP5-restricted EBNA1567-581. TCR135-transduced T cells functioned in two ways: directly killing HLA-DP5+EBNA1+ tumor cells after recognizing EBNA1 presented by tumor cells and indirectly killing HLA-DP5-negative tumor cells after recognizing EBNA1 presented by antigen-presenting cells. TCR135-transduced T cells preferentially infiltrated into the tumor microenvironment and significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nasopharyngeal tumor models. Additionally, we found that 62% of nasopharyngeal cancer patients showed 50%-100% expression of HLA-DP on tumor cells, indicating that nasopharyngeal cancer is well-suited for CD4 TCR-T therapy. These findings suggest that TCR135 may provide a new strategy for EBV-related nasopharyngeal cancer immunotherapy in HLA-DP5+ patients.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Social Determinants of Health and Health-Related Social Needs Among Adults — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2022
Authors: Machell Town, Paul Eke, Guixiang Zhao, Craig W. Thomas, Jason Hsia, Carol Pierannunzi, Karen Hacker
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are a broad array of social and contextual conditions where persons are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that influence their physical and mental wellbeing and quality of life. Using 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, this study assessed measures of adverse SDOH and health-related social needs (HRSN) among U.S. adult populations. Measures included life satisfaction, social and emotional support, social isolation or loneliness, employment stability, food stability/security, housing stability/security, utility stability/security, transportation access, mental well-being, and health care access. Prevalence ratios were adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, income, and self-rated health. Social isolation or loneliness (31.9%) and lack of social and emotional support (24.8%) were the most commonly reported measures, both of which were more prevalent among non-Hispanic (NH) American Indian or Alaska Native, NH Black or African American, NH Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, NH multiracial, and Hispanic or Latino adults than among NH White adults. The majority of prevalence estimates for other adverse SDOH and HRSN were also higher across all other racial and ethnic groups (except for NH Asian) compared with NH White adults. SDOH and HRSN data can be used to monitor needed social and health resources in the U.S. population and help evaluate population-scale interventions.
Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Florian E. M. Herrmann, Amar Taha, Susanne J. Nielsen, Andreas Martinsson, Emma C. Hansson, Gerd Juchem, Anders Jeppsson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) occurs in approximately 30% of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is unknown whether early recurrence is associated with worse outcomes. Objective To test the hypothesis that early AF recurrence in patients with POAF after CABG is associated with worse outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This Swedish nationwide cohort study used prospectively collected data from the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) registry and 3 other mandatory national registries. The study included patients who underwent isolated first-time CABG between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2020, and developed POAF. Data analysis was performed between March 6 and September 16, 2023. Exposure Early AF recurrence defined as an episode of AF leading to hospital care within 3 months after discharge. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, any thromboembolism, heart failure hospitalization, and major bleeding within 2 years after discharge. The groups were compared with multivariable Cox regression models, with early AF recurrence as a time-dependent covariate. The hypothesis tested was formulated after data collection. Results Of the 35 329 patients identified, 10 609 (30.0%) developed POAF after CABG and were included in this study. Their median age was 71 (IQR, 66-76) years. The median follow-up was 7.1 (IQR, 2.9-9.0) years, and most patients (81.6%) were men. Early AF recurrence occurred in 6.7% of patients. Event rates (95% CIs) per 100 patient-years with vs without early AF recurrence were 2.21 (1.49-3.24) vs 2.03 (1.83-2.25) for all-cause mortality, 3.94 (2.92-5.28) vs 2.79 (2.56-3.05) for heart failure hospitalization, and 3.97 (2.95-5.30) vs 2.74 (2.51-2.99) for major bleeding. No association between early AF recurrence and all-cause mortality was observed (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.17 [95% CI, 0.80-1.74]; P = .41). In exploratory analyses, there was an association with heart failure hospitalization (AHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.32-2.45]; P = .001) and major bleeding (AHR, 1.92 [1.42-2.61]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of early AF recurrence after POAF in patients who underwent CABG, no association was found between early AF recurrence and all-cause mortality. Exploratory analyses showed associations between AF recurrence and heart failure hospitalization, oral anticoagulation, and major bleeding.
Mental Health–Related Outpatient Visits Among Adolescents and Young Adults, 2006-2019
Authors: Rosa Y. Ahn-Horst, Florence T. Bourgeois
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Concerns over the mental health of young people have been increasing over the past decade, especially with the rise in mental health burden seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining trends in mental health–related outpatient visits provides critical information to elucidate contributing factors, identify vulnerable populations, and inform strategies to address the mental health crisis. Objective To examine characteristics and trends in mental health–related outpatient visits and psychotropic medication use among US adolescents and young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual probability sample survey, was conducted from January 2006 to December 2019. Participants included adolescents (age 13-17 years) and young adults (age 18-24 years) with office-based outpatient visits in the US. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2023, to September 15, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Mental health–related outpatient visits were identified based on established sets of diagnostic codes for psychiatric disorders. Temporal trends in the annual proportion of mental health–related outpatient visits were assessed, including visits associated with use of psychotropic medications. Analyses were stratified by age and sex. Results From 2006 to 2019, there were an estimated 1.1 billion outpatient visits by adolescents and young adults, of which 145.0 million (13.1%) were associated with a mental health condition (mean [SD] age, 18.4 [3.5] years; 74.0 million females [51.0%]). Mental health–related diagnoses were more prevalent among visits by male (16.8%) compared with female (10.9%) patients ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). This difference was most pronounced among young adults, with 20.1% of visits associated with a psychiatric diagnosis among males vs 10.1% among females ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). The proportion of mental health–related visits nearly doubled, from 8.9% in 2006 to 16.9% in 2019 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Among all outpatient visits, 17.2% were associated with the prescription of at least 1 psychotropic medication, with significant increases from 12.8% to 22.4% by 2019 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, there were substantial increases in mental health–related outpatient visits and use of psychotropic medications, with greater overall burden among male patients. These findings provide a baseline for understanding post-pandemic shifts and suggest that current treatment and prevention strategies will need to address preexisting psychiatric needs in addition to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Disease-Modifying Drugs for Adult-Onset Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Maya N. Faison, Andrew M. Davis, Kimberly C. Trotter
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This article summarizes a 2022 clinical practice guideline on the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for adults with rheumatoid arthritis from the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR).
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and management
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Disease Overview Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder with overlapping features of myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by prominent monocytosis and an inherent risk for leukemic transformation (~15%–20% over 3–5 years). Diagnosis Newly revised diagnostic criteria include sustained (&gt;3 months) peripheral blood (PB) monocytosis (≥0.5 × 10 9 /L; monocytes ≥10% of leukocyte count), consistent bone marrow (BM) morphology, &lt;20% BM or PB blasts (including promonocytes), and cytogenetic or molecular evidence of clonality. Cytogenetic abnormalities occur in ~30% of patients, while &gt;95% harbor somatic mutations: TET2 (~60%), SRSF2 (~50%), ASXL1 (~40%), RAS pathway (~30%), and others. The presence of ASXL1 and DNMT3A mutations and absence of TET2 mutations negatively impact overall survival ( ASXL1 WT / TET2 MT genotype being favorable). Risk Stratification Several risk models serve similar purposes in identifying high‐risk patients that are considered for allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) earlier than later. Risk factors in the Mayo Molecular Model (MMM) include presence of truncating ASXL1 mutations, absolute monocyte count &gt;10 × 10 9 /L, hemoglobin &lt;10 g/dL, platelet count &lt;100 × 10 9 /L, and the presence of circulating immature myeloid cells; the resulting 4‐tiered risk categorization includes high (≥3 risk factors), intermediate‐2 (2 risk factors), intermediate‐1 (1 risk factor), and low (no risk factors); the corresponding median survivals were 16, 31, 59, and 97 months. CMML is also classified as being “myeloproliferative (MP‐CMML)” or “myelodysplastic (MD‐CMML),” based on the presence or absence of leukocyte count of ≥13 × 10 9 /L. Treatment ASCT is the only treatment modality that secures cure or long‐term survival and is appropriate for MMM high/intermediate‐2 risk disease. Drug therapy is currently not disease‐modifying and includes hydroxyurea and hypomethylating agents; a recent phase‐3 study (DACOTA) comparing hydroxyurea and decitabine, in high‐risk MP‐CMML, showed similar overall survival at 23.1 versus 18.4 months, respectively, despite response rates being higher for decitabine (56% vs. 31%). Unique Disease Associations These include systemic inflammatory autoimmune diseases, leukemia cutis and lysozyme‐induced nephropathy; the latter requires close monitoring of renal function during leukocytosis and is a potential indication for cytoreductive therapy.
A Proposed Approach to Pulmonary Long COVID: A Viewpoint
Authors: Firoozeh V. Gerayeli, Rachel L. Eddy, Don D. Sin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Long COVID (also known as "post-acute sequelae of COVID-19") is a multi-system disorder that follows an acute bout of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection [1]. Although its exact prevalence is unknown, it is estimated to affect approximately 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, though in reality the percentage is likely much higher owing to under-reporting of cases [1]. The prevalence is elevated in patients who have had acute SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia requiring hospitalization and lower in those who have been previously vaccinated or were infected with the Omicron variant [1]. In approximately 6% of the cases of long COVID, pulmonary symptoms such as dyspnea, cough and wheeziness are prominent, leading to considerable disability and morbidity [2, 3]. While it is attractive to view long COVID as one disease, it is likely a very complex, heterogeneous disorder, with multiple different phenotypes, each driven by a unique set of molecules and pathways [1].
Polygenic risk scores, radiation treatment exposures and subsequent cancer risk in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Todd M. Gibson, Danielle M. Karyadi, Stephen W. Hartley, Michael A. Arnold, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Miriam R. Conces, Rebecca M. Howell, Vidushi Kapoor, Wendy M. Leisenring, Joseph P. Neglia, Joshua N. Sampson, Lucie M. Turcotte, Stephen J. Chanock, Gregory T. Armstrong, Lindsay M. Morton
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Mortality in adults with sickle cell disease: Results from the sickle cell disease implementation consortium (SCDIC) registry
Authors: Franklin Njoku, Norma Pugh, Donald Brambilla, Barbara Kroner, Nirmish Shah, Marsha Treadwell, Robert Gibson, Lewis L. Hsu, Victor R. Gordeuk, Jeffrey Glassberg, Jane S. Hankins, Abdullah Kutlar, Allison A. King, Julie Kanter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

The cause of death in people affected by sickle cell disease (SCD) is often challenging to define as prior studies have used retrospective or administrative data for analysis. We used a prospective longitudinal registry to assess mortality and clinical co-morbidities among subjects enrolled in the Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium (SCDIC) registry. At enrollment, we collected the following data: patient-reported demographics, SCD phenotype, baseline laboratory values, comorbidities, and current medications. Subjects were followed for a median of 4.7 years before the present analysis. The relationship of clinical co-morbidities (at time of enrollment) to mortality was determined using survival analysis, adjusting for SCD phenotype and gender. There was a total of 2439 people with SCD enrolled in the SCDIC registry. One hundred and twenty-eight participants (5%) died during the observation period (2017-2022). Six people died from trauma and were excluded from further analysis. Proximate cause of death was unwitnessed in 17% of the deaths, but commonest causes of death include cardiac (18%), acute chest or respiratory failure (11%), sudden unexplained death (8%). Enrollment characteristics of the individuals who died (n = 122) were compared to those of survivors (n = 2317). Several co-morbidities at enrollment increased the odds of death on univariate analysis. All co-morbidities were included in a multivariable model. After backward elimination, iron overload, pulmonary hypertension, and depression, remained statistically significant predictors of the risk of death. SCD reduces life expectancy. Improved comprehensive and supportive care to prevent end-organ damage and address comorbidities is needed for this population.
Changing hemostatic management in post‐partum hemorrhage
Authors: Agnès Rigouzzo, Pierre‐Antoine Froissant, Nicolas Louvet
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Early and fast assessment of hemostasis during postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is essential to allow early characterization of coagulopathy, estimate bleeding severity and improve outcome. During PPH, fibrinogen decrease occurs earlier than other coagulation factors deficiency and hypofibrinogenemia is an early marker of PPH severity of progression. With good evidence in the context of PPH, point-of-care viscoelastic (VET) hemostatic assays have been shown to provide rapid assessment of hemostatic disorders, low fibrinogen levels, and allow VET-guided fibrinogen replacement. Further studies are needed to define the thresholds for the other coagulation parameters.
Transcriptomic Profiling of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Enables Reliable Annotation of the Cancer-Specific Transcriptome and Molecular Subtype
Authors: Vahid Bahrambeigi, Jaewon J. Lee, Vittorio Branchi, Kimal I. Rajapakshe, Zhichao Xu, Naishu Kui, Jason T. Henry, Wang Kun, Bret M. Stephens, Sarah Dhebat, Mark W. Hurd, Ryan Sun, Peng Yang, Eytan Ruppin, Wenyi Wang, Scott Kopetz, Anirban Maitra, Paola A. Guerrero
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Longitudinal monitoring of patients with advanced cancers is crucial to evaluate both disease burden and treatment response. Current liquid biopsy approaches mostly rely on the detection of DNA-based biomarkers. However, plasma RNA analysis can unleash tremendous opportunities for tumor state interrogation and molecular subtyping. Through the application of deep learning algorithms to the deconvolved transcriptomes of RNA within plasma extracellular vesicles (evRNA), we successfully predicted consensus molecular subtypes in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Analysis of plasma evRNA also enabled monitoring of changes in transcriptomic subtype under treatment selection pressure and identification of molecular pathways associated with recurrence. This approach also revealed expressed gene fusions and neoepitopes from evRNA. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using transcriptomic-based liquid biopsy platforms for precision oncology approaches, spanning from the longitudinal monitoring of tumor subtype changes to the identification of expressed fusions and neoantigens as cancer-specific therapeutic targets, sans the need for tissue-based sampling. Significance: The development of an approach to interrogate molecular subtypes, cancer-associated pathways, and differentially expressed genes through RNA sequencing of plasma extracellular vesicles lays the foundation for liquid biopsy–based longitudinal monitoring of patient tumor transcriptomes.
Weight telemonitoring of heart failure versus standard of care in a real‐world setting: Results on mortality and hospitalizations in a 6‐month nationwide matched cohort study
Authors: François Roubille, Grégoire Mercier, Guila Lancman, Hélène Pasche, Sarah Alami, Cécile Delval, Antoine Bessou, Jade Vadel, Amayelle Rey, Stéphanie Duret, Emilie Abraham, Gilles Chatellier, Isabelle Durand Zaleski
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)

Evaluating the benefit of telemonitoring in heart failure (HF) management in real-world settings is crucial for optimizing the healthcare pathway. The aim of this study was to assess the association between a 6-month application of the telemonitoring solution Chronic Care Connect™ (CCC) and mortality, HF hospitalizations, and associated costs compared with standard of care (SOC) in patients with a diagnosis of HF.
MYC activity at enhancers drives prognostic transcriptional programs through an epigenetic switch
Authors: Simon T Jakobsen, Rikke A M Jensen, Maria S Madsen, Tina Ravnsborg, Christian S Vaagenso, Majken S Siersbæk, Hjorleifur Einarsson, Robin Andersson, Ole N Jensen, Rasmus Siersbæk
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)
High altitude travelling with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Robert Naeije
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

<h3>Shareable abstract</h3> <b>Travelling to altitudes up to 2500 m may be well tolerated with moderate decrease in aerobic exercise capacity in mildly symptomatic patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension</b> https://bit.ly/3u3Vdpy
Unlocking the future of deep brain stimulation: innovations, challenges, and promising horizons
Authors: Nour Shaheen, Oliver Flouty
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aNour Shaheen; Alexandria University, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt bOliver Flouty; University of South Florida, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Tampa, Fl Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Nour Shaheen, Alexandria University, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail address: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Alkaptonuria
Authors: Giulia Bernardini, Daniela Braconi, Andrea Zatkova, Nick Sireau, Mariusz J. Kujawa, Wendy J. Introne, Ottavia Spiga, Michela Geminiani, James A. Gallagher, Lakshminarayan R. Ranganath, Annalisa Santucci
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2024)