tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A novel loop-head guidewire-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for fecalith obstruction
Authors: Mingwen Guo, Wenguang Yang, Yijuan Guo, Yuhong Ren, Bin Yang, Sichao Wen, Haiyong Long
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Acute appendicitis represents one of the most prevalent acute abdominal conditions, with appendiceal fecaliths being the primary etiological factor [1]. Endoscopic retrograde appendicitis treatment (ERAT) represents a novel approach for managing appendicitis and constitutes a micro-innovative technique aimed at alleviating appendiceal obstruction [2]. ERAT is a quick procedure and is associated with minimal trauma, swift recovery, low complication rate, no surgical scars, and maintains the immune function of the appendix [3]. Currently, upon accessing the appendiceal orifice via colonoscopy, there are typically two methods of entering the appendiceal cavity: one involves the use of a transparent cap to assist with zebra guidewire intubation, while the other employs an imaging catheter to navigate into the appendiceal cavity under direct visualization. Owing to the unique anatomical structure of the appendiceal cavity, both methods present significant challenges for access, frequently resulting in operational failure [4].
Management of a fractured and retained plastic stent during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Yasuhiro Kuraishi, Akira Nakamura, Takeji Umemura
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Plastic stents used for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) are typically connected to an inner catheter, which enables retraction if repositioning is necessary. We present a case where the stent–inner catheter connection detached during EUS-HGS, resulting in stent fracture and intrahepatic retention during retraction, and describe the successful management of this complication.
The usefulness of cholangioscopy in the diagnosis of peribiliary cysts: a case report
Authors: Juan Pablo Valencia Quivano, Juan Antonio Trejos Naranjo, Ciro Andrés Murcia Cardona, Andrés Cárdenas, Geovanny Hernández Cely
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

A 63-year-old woman with no medical or surgical history came to the outpatient clinic presenting with 6 months of unquantified unintentional weight loss and jaundice. Physical examination documented only jaundice with no other alterations.
Gender-Equity Model for Liver Allocation using Artificial Intelligence (GEMA-AI) for waiting list liver transplant prioritization
Authors: Antonio Manuel Gómez-Orellana, Manuel Luis Rodríguez-Perálvarez, David Guijo-Rubio, Pedro Antonio Gutiérrez, Avik Majumdar, Geoffrey W McCaughan, Rhiannon Taylor, Emmanuel A Tsochatzis, César Hervás-Martínez
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2025)

We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence score (GEMA-AI) to predict liver transplant (LT) waiting list outcomes using the same input variables contained in existing models. Cohort study including adult LT candidates enlisted in the United Kingdom (2010-2020) for model training and internal validation, and in Australia (1998-2020) for external validation. GEMA-AI combined international normalized ratio, bilirubin, sodium, and the Royal Free Glomerular Filtration Rate in an explainable Artificial Neural Network. GEMA-AI was compared with GEMA-Na, MELD 3.0, and MELD-Na for waiting list prioritization. The study included 9,320 patients: training cohort n=5,762, internal validation cohort n=1,920, and external validation cohort n=1,638. The prevalence of 90-days mortality or delisting for sickness ranged 5.3%-6% across different cohorts. GEMA-AI showed better discrimination than GEMA-Na, MELD-Na and MELD 3.0 in the internal and external validation cohorts, with a more pronounced benefit in women and in patients showing at least one extreme analytical value. Accounting for identical input variables, the transition from a linear to a non-linear score (from GEMA-Na to GEMA-AI) resulted in a differential prioritization of 6.4% of patients within the first 90 days and would potentially save one in 59 deaths overall, and one in 13 deaths among women. Results did not substantially change when ascites was not included in the models. The use of explainable machine learning models may be preferred over conventional regression-based models for waiting list prioritization in LT. GEMA-AI made more accurate predictions of waiting list outcomes, particularly for the sickest patients.
Synthesis, preclinical evaluation and pilot clinical study of a P2Y12 receptor targeting radiotracer [18F]QTFT for imaging brain disorders by visualizing anti-inflammatory microglia
Authors: Bolin Yao, Yanyan Kong, Jianing Li, Fulin Xu, Yan Deng, Yuncan Chen, Yixiu Chen, Jian Chen, Minhua Xu, Xiao Zhu, Liang Chen, Fang Xie, Xin Zhang, Cong Wang, Cong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

As the brain's resident immune cells, microglia perform crucial functions such as phagocytosis, neuronal network maintenance, and injury restoration by adopting various phenotypes. Dynamic imaging of these phenotypes is essential for accessing brain diseases and therapeutic responses. Although numerous probes are available for imaging pro-inflammatory microglia, no PET tracers have been developed specifically to visualize anti-inflammatory microglia. In this study, we present an 18F-labeled PET tracer (QTFT) that targets the P2Y12, a receptor highly expressed on anti-inflammatory microglia. [18F]QTFT exhibited high binding affinity to the P2Y12 (14.43 nmol/L) and superior blood-brain barrier permeability compared to other candidates. Micro-PET imaging in IL-4-induced neuroinflammation models showed higher [18F]QTFT uptake in lesions compared to the contralateral normal brain tissues. Importantly, this specific uptake could be blocked by QTFT or a P2Y12 antagonist. Furthermore, [18F]QTFT visualized brain lesions in mouse models of epilepsy, glioma, and aging by targeting the aberrantly expressed P2Y12 in anti-inflammatory microglia. In a pilot clinical study, [18F]QTFT successfully located epileptic foci, showing enhanced radioactive signals in a patient with epilepsy. Collectively, these studies suggest that [18F]QTFT could serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for imaging various brain disorders by targeting P2Y12 overexpressed in anti-inflammatory microglia.
Exposure to Drinking Water Trihalomethanes and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Emilie Helte, Fredrik Söderlund, Melle Säve-Söderbergh, Susanna C. Larsson, Agneta Åkesson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Chlorination is a widespread method for drinking water disinfection that has the drawback of introducing potentially carcinogenic chemical by-products to drinking water. We systematically evaluated the epidemiologic evidence of exposure to trihalomethane (THM) disinfection by-products and risk of cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies that assessed the association of exposure to residential concentrations of THMs with risk of cancer in adults. A protocol was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42023435491). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched for publications up to April 2024. Study selection and risk of bias appraisal using the National Toxicology Program Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP OHAT) tool was done in duplicate. Summary risk estimates were assessed using random effects meta-analysis and one-stage dose-response meta-analysis. The literature search resulted in 2,022 records, of which 29 publications assessing 14 different cancers were eligible for inclusion. Summary relative risks (RRs) were estimated for bladder cancer and colorectal cancer based on 5,860 and 9,262 cases and 84,371 and 90,272 participants, respectively. The summary RR of bladder cancer for the highest exposed compared with the lowest was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.71), and in the dose-response analysis, RRs were statistically significant above THM concentrations of 41μg/L. For colorectal cancer, the summary RR was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.24). According to the World Cancer Research Fund criteria, we found limited-suggestive evidence that THM in drinking water increases the risk of bladder and colorectal cancer at levels below current regulatory limits in the US and EU, indicating that these fail to protect against cancer in the general population. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14505.
The ubiquitin–proteasome system: A potential target for the MASLD
Authors: Yue Liu, Meijia Qian, Yonghao Li, Xin Dong, Yulian Wu, Tao Yuan, Jian Ma, Bo Yang, Hong Zhu, Qiaojun He
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the most prevalent chronic liver condition globally, lacks adequate and effective therapeutic remedies in clinical practice. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the close connection between the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the progression of MASLD. This relationship is crucial for understanding the disease's underlying mechanism. As a sophisticated process, the UPS govern protein stability and function, maintaining protein homeostasis, thus influencing a multitude of elements and biological events of eukaryotic cells. It comprises four enzyme families, namely, ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2), ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3), and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). This review aims to delve into the array of pathways and therapeutic targets implicated in the ubiquitination within the pathogenesis of MASLD. Therefore, this review unveils the role of ubiquitination in MASLD while spotlighting potential therapeutic targets within the context of this disease.
Towards contrast-agnostic soft segmentation of the spinal cord
Authors: Sandrine Bédard, Enamundram Naga Karthik, Charidimos Tsagkas, Emanuele Pravatà, Cristina Granziera, Andrew Smith, Kenneth Arnold Weber Ii, Julien Cohen-Adad
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2025)

Spinal cord segmentation is clinically relevant and is notably used to compute spinal cord cross-sectional area (CSA) for the diagnosis and monitoring of cord compression or neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis. While several semi and automatic methods exist, one key limitation remains: the segmentation depends on the MRI contrast, resulting in different CSA across contrasts. This is partly due to the varying appearance of the boundary between the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid that depends on the sequence and acquisition parameters. This contrast-sensitive CSA adds variability in multi-center studies where protocols can vary, reducing the sensitivity to detect subtle atrophies. Moreover, existing methods enhance the CSA variability by training one model per contrast, while also producing binary masks that do not account for partial volume effects. In this work, we present a deep learning-based method that produces soft segmentations of the spinal cord that are stable across MRI contrasts. Using the Spine Generic Public Database of healthy participants (n=267; contrasts=6), we first generated participant-wise soft ground truth (GT) by averaging the binary segmentations across all 6 contrasts. These soft GT, along with aggressive data augmentation and a regression-based loss function, were then used to train a U-Net model for spinal cord segmentation. We evaluated our model against state-of-the-art methods and performed ablation studies involving different GT mask types, loss functions, contrast-specific models and domain generalization methods. Our results show that using the soft average segmentations along with a regression loss function reduces CSA variability (p<0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The proposed spinal cord segmentation model generalizes better than the state-of-the-art contrast-specific methods amongst unseen datasets, vendors, contrasts, and pathologies (compression, lesions), while accounting for partial volume effects. Our model is integrated into the Spinal Cord Toolbox (v6.2 and higher).
Survival Among Patients Treated with Total Mesorectal Excision or Selective Watch-and-Wait After Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Pooled Analysis of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 and OPRA Randomized Phase II Trials
Authors: H Williams, E Fokas, M Diefenhardt, C Lee, F S Verheij, D M Omer, S T Lin, R F Dunne, J Marcet, P Cataldo, B Polite, P Piso, B Polat, H Dapper, M Ghadimi, R D Hofheinz, L-X Qin, L B Saltz, A J Wu, M J Gollub, J J Smith, M R Weiser, C Rödel, J Garcia-Aguilar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2025)
Restoring tendon microenvironment in tendinopathy: Macrophage modulation and tendon regeneration with injectable tendon hydrogel and tendon-derived stem cells exosomes
Authors: Danmei Li, Shuai Li, Shukun He, Hongpu He, Guangxun Yuan, Binbin Ma, Yijun Zhang, Chengjie Yuan, Zhiqin Liu, Zhenhan Deng, Jian Xu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
A health economic evaluation of the multinational, randomized controlled CONVINCE trial - cost-utility of high-dose online hemodiafiltration compared to high-flux hemodialysis.
Authors: Aniek E M Schouten, Felix Fischer, Peter J Blankestijn, Robin W M Vernooij, Carinna Hockham, Giovanni F M Strippoli, Bernard Canaud, Jörgen Hegbrant, Claudia Barth, Krister Cromm, Andrew Davenport, Kathrin I Fischer, Matthias Rose, Mariëtta Török, Mark Woodward, Michiel L Bots, G Ardine de Wit, Geert W J Frederix, Miriam P van der Meulen
Journal: Kidney International (2025)

High-flux hemodialysis (HD) and high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) are established treatments for patients with kidney failure. Since HDF has been associated with improved survival rates compared to HD, we evaluated the cost-effectiveness of HDF compared to HD. Cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective alongside the multinational randomized controlled CONVINCE trial. A Markov cohort model was used to extrapolate results to a lifetime time horizon. Costs of dialysis sessions were based on published data, with two scenarios reflecting different estimates for costs of dialysis staff. Other healthcare resource use, productivity losses and quality of life were collected in the electronic case report form or by country-adapted, self-reported questionnaires. Scenario and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. In the two-year trial-based analysis, HDF was associated with higher quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and higher costs, with incremental costs per QALY (ICER) of €31,898 and €37,344, depending on dialysis staff costs. The lifetime Markov cohort model resulted in ICERs of €27,068 and €36,751. Compared to HD, HDF resulted in an additional year in perfect health at increased costs. Sensitivity analyses of the lifetime analyses showed the probability of cost-effectiveness was more than 90% at willingness-to-pay threshold of €50,000/QALY. The ICER was €13,231 when excluding all costs in additional life years. The probability of cost-effectiveness was mainly driven by costs due to additional dialysis sessions in life years gained, and not due to additional costs per dialysis session. As costs may differ between countries and centers, we recommend translating our results to local settings.
The membrane attack complex drives thrombotic microangiopathy in complement mediated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Authors: Kate Smith-Jackson, Patrick Walsh, Wioleta M Zelek, Thomas Hoyler, Marianne M Martinic, Gemma Thompson, Beth Gibson, Chloe Connelly, Isabel Pappworth, Mark J Murphy, David Kavanagh, Kevin J Marchbank
Journal: Kidney International (2025)

Introduction of complement (C) inhibition into clinical practice has revolutionized the treatment of patients with complement-mediated atypical hemolytic syndrome (aHUS). Our C3D1115N mouse model, engineered around a gain of function point mutation in C3, is associated with complement mediated aHUS in man, allowing us to study the clinical disease in a preclinical model. Backcrossing our model onto C7 deficient and C5aR1 deficient mice enabled further determination of the roles of the C5a-C5aR1 axis and C5b-9 (the membrane attack complex) on kidney disease. C7 deficiency completely abolished both clinical and histological evidence of disease. Removing C5aR1 (CD88) attenuated the risk of developing clinical disease, but mice still developed thrombotic microangiopathy. Therapeutic inhibition strengthened our genetic findings showing both anti-C7 therapy and an oral C5aR1 antagonist, when used before evidence of significant kidney injury, prevented mice from succumbing to disease. However, there was ongoing histological disease within mice treated with the C5aR1 antagonist. Our data suggest that both C5aR1 and C7 play a role in the development of the conditions required for thrombotic microangiopathy of the kidney. While disrupting the C5a-C5aR1 axis is beneficial, our genetic and therapeutic studies showed that thrombotic microangiopathy of the kidney can still develop and ultimately our data confirms that the membrane attack complex is required to develop thrombotic microangiopathy of the kidney. Overall, our study shows that in addition to requiring alternative pathway dysregulation, local generation of membrane attack complex within the kidney is also critical to drive disease pathology in complement-mediated aHUS.
Efficacy of Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors as Adjuvant in Treating Steroid-Refractory Sclerodermatous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Andres Mendez-Hernandez, Ridhi Gupta, Sally Arai, Robert Lowsky, Bernice Kwong, Wen-Kai Weng
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
A framework for ecologically and socially informed risk reduction before and after outbreaks of wildlife-borne zoonoses
Authors: James M Hassell, Shaleen Angwenyi, Meredith C VanAcker, Abdi Adan, Nelly Bargoiyet, Geoffrey Bundotich, Joseph Edebe, Eric M Fèvre, Peter Gichecha, Joseph Kamau, Ezra Lekenit, Argeo Lekopien, Julius L Leseeto, Koisinget G Lupempe, James Mathenge, David Manini, Bridgit Muasa, Mathew Muturi, Romana Ndanyi, Millicent Ndia, Kimani Ndung'u, Nazaria Nyaga, Bernard Rono, Suzan Murray, Katherine E L Worsley-Tonks, Francis Gakuya, Isaac Lekolool, Samuel Kahariri, Stephen Chege
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)
PRGN-2012 gene therapy in adults with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a pivotal phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Scott M Norberg, Janet Valdez, Scott Napier, Meg Kenyon, Erin Ferraro, Melissa Wheatley, Laura Parsons-Wandell, Stacey L Doran, Amy Lankford, Helen Sabzevari, Douglas E Brough, Jeffrey Schlom, James L Gulley, Clint T Allen
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2025)
The effects of volunteering on loneliness among lonely older adults: the HEAL-HOA dual randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dannii Yuen-Lan Yeung, Da Jiang, Lisa Marie Warner, Namkee G Choi, Rainbow Tin Hung Ho, Jojo Yan Yan Kwok, Kee-Lee Chou
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2025)
Personality Disorders: Current Conceptualizations and Challenges
Authors: Thomas A. Widiger, Michelle Smith
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2025)

The personality disorders are said to be at the vanguard in the shift to a dimensional model of classification, as exemplified in the Alternative Model of Personality (AMPD) presented in Section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) for emerging models and in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). Considered herein are some limitations and challenges. For the DSM-5 AMPD trait model, these include problematic placements, inadequate coverage, perceived complexity, and lack of cutoff points. For the DSM-5 AMPD Level of Personality Functioning (LPF), they include the complexity, the questionable presumption that the LPF defines the core of personality disorder, the presumption that the LPF identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and the premise that the LPF is distinct from the maladaptive traits. Limitations and challenges of the ICD-11 model are the absence of lower-order facet scales and the fact that only the level of severity is required. This review suggests that the trait of depressivity belongs with negative affectivity and suspicion belongs within antagonism, that maladaptive traits from all 10 poles of the five domains should be provided, and that cutoff points based on social-occupational impairment and/or distress should be provided. The review summarizes research that questions whether the LPF represents the core of personality disorder, identifies what is unique to the personality disorders, and is distinct from maladaptive traits. Finally, the review suggests that the ICD-11 should require the assessment of the traits and include facet scales.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Lifespan
Authors: Maira Tafolla, Hannah Singer, Catherine Lord
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2025)

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals worldwide throughout their lives. Copious advances in research have enhanced our understanding of autism significantly since Dr. Leo Kanner's first description of the condition in 1943. This review aims to provide an overview of our current knowledge of autism, examining its manifestations across age, race, gender, and co-occurring conditions (e.g., intellectual disability) from childhood through adulthood. We also focus on the identification and diagnosis of autism, long-term outcomes with a spotlight on adulthood, and appropriate supports and interventions across different developmental stages for autistic individuals and their families. We stress the importance of a lifespan perspective that considers the evolving needs of individuals with autism as they age, and we highlight the role of longitudinal research.
Biomarkers to Predict Abnormal Technetium-99m Pyrophosphate Scans in Patients With Suspected Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Laura De Michieli, Omar F AbouEzzeddine, Muhannad A Abbasi, Daniel R Davies, Christopher G Scott, Eli Muchtar, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Grogan, Margaret M Redfield, Allan S Jaffe
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2025)
Ergothioneine improves healthspan of aged animals by enhancing cGPDH activity through CSE-dependent persulfidation
Authors: Dunja Petrovic, Luke Slade, Yiorgos Paikopoulos, Davide D'Andrea, Nevena Savic, Ana Stancic, Jan Lj Miljkovic, Thibaut Vignane, Maria Kyriaki Drekolia, Dusan Mladenovic, Nikola Sutulovic, Alice Refeyton, Milica Kolakovic, Vladimir M Jovanovic, Jasmina Zivanovic, Marko Miler, Valentina Vellecco, Vincenzo Brancaleone, Mariarosaria Bucci, Alva M Casey, ChakShun Yu, Siva Swapna Kasarla, Karl William Smith, Ayten Kalfe-Yildiz, Martin Stenzel, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete, Roland Hergenröder, Prasad Phapale, Olivera Stanojlovic, Ivana Ivanovic-Burmazovic, Marija Vlaski-Lafarge, Sofia-Iris Bibli, Michael P Murphy, Vesna Otasevic, Milos R Filipovic
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2025)
Cardiovascular Considerations After Cancer Therapy
Authors: Anne Blaes, Anju Nohria, Saro Armenian, Carmen Bergom, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Ana Barac, Gabriela Sanchez-Petitto, Sanjal Desai, Leah L Zullig, Alicia K Morgans, Joerg Herrmann
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2025)