tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptors in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Ioanna Gianopoulos, Christos S Mantzoros, Stella S Daskalopoulou
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2024)

Adiponectin is an abundantly secreted hormone that communicates information between the adipose tissue, and the immune and cardiovascular systems. In metabolically healthy individuals, adiponectin is usually found at high levels and helps improve insulin responsiveness of peripheral tissues, glucose tolerance, and fatty acid oxidation. Beyond its metabolic functions in insulin-sensitive tissues, adiponectin plays a prominent role in attenuating the development of atherosclerotic plaques, partially through regulating macrophage-mediated responses. In this context, adiponectin binds to its receptors, adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 on the cell surface of macrophages to activate a downstream signaling cascade and induce specific atheroprotective functions. Notably, macrophages modulate the stability of the plaque through their ability to switch between pro-inflammatory responders, and anti-inflammatory pro-resolving mediators. Traditionally, the extremes of the macrophage polarization spectrum span from M1 pro-inflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Previous evidence has demonstrated that the adiponectin-AdipoR pathway influences M1-M2 macrophage polarization; adiponectin promotes a shift towards an M2-like state, whereas AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-specific contributions are more nuanced. To explore these concepts in depth, we discuss in this review the impact of adiponectin and AdipoR1/R2 on 1) metabolic and immune responses, and 2) M1-M2 macrophage polarization, including their ability to attenuate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and their potential as therapeutic targets for clinical applications.
Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, 4 Volume Set, 10th edition. Edited by Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Jonathan Barker, Tanya O. Bleiker, Walayat Hussain, Rosalind C. Simpson
Authors: Deshan F Sebaratnam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 4 Volume Set, 10th edition. Edited by Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Jonathan Barker, Tanya O. Bleiker, Walayat Hussain, Rosalind C. Simpson Get access Deshan F Sebaratnam Deshan F Sebaratnam Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Corresponding author: Deshan F. Sebaratnam, Email:deshan.sebaratnam@health.nsw.gov.au Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljae320, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae320 Published: 06 August 2024 Article history Received: 29 July 2024 Revision received: 01 August 2024 Accepted: 03 August 2024 Published: 06 August 2024
Duration of smoking cessation for the prevention of psoriasis vulgaris and palmoplantar pustulosis
Authors: Seong Rae Kim, Young-Geun Choi, Seong Jin Jo
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Duration of smoking cessation for the prevention of psoriasis vulgaris and palmoplantar pustulosis Get access Seong Rae Kim, Seong Rae Kim Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-3009 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Young-Geun Choi, Young-Geun Choi Department of Mathematics Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seong Jin Jo Seong Jin Jo Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea Corresponding author: Seong Jin Jo, Email:sj.jo@snu.ac.kr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljae317, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae317 Published: 06 August 2024 Article history Received: 15 April 2024 Revision received: 01 August 2024 Accepted: 04 August 2024 Published: 06 August 2024
Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages
Authors: Ana Cristina Barragan, Sergio M Latorre, Angus Malmgren, Adeline Harant, Joe Win, Yu Sugihara, Hernán A Burbano, Sophien Kamoun, Thorsten Langner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Crop disease pandemics are often driven by asexually reproducing clonal lineages of plant pathogens that reproduce asexually. How these clonal pathogens continuously adapt to their hosts despite harboring limited genetic variation, and in absence of sexual recombination remains elusive. Here, we reveal multiple instances of horizontal chromosome transfer within pandemic clonal lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) oryzae. We identified a horizontally transferred 1.2Mb accessory mini-chromosome which is remarkably conserved between M. oryzae isolates from both the rice blast fungus lineage and the lineage infecting Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica), a wild grass that often grows in the proximity of cultivated cereal crops. Furthermore, we show that this mini-chromosome was horizontally acquired by clonal rice blast isolates through at least nine distinct transfer events over the past three centuries. These findings establish horizontal mini-chromosome transfer as a mechanism facilitating genetic exchange among different host-associated blast fungus lineages. We propose that blast fungus populations infecting wild grasses act as genetic reservoirs that drive genome evolution of pandemic clonal lineages that afflict cereal crops.
Features of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Two Multicenter Cohorts of Patients with Psoriasis, Uveitis, and Colitis Presenting with Undiagnosed Back Pain
Authors: Walter P. Maksymowych, Raj Carmona, Ulrich Weber, Sibel Zehra Aydin, James Yeung, Jodie Reis, Ariel Masetto, Sherry Rohekar, Dianne Mosher, Olga Zouzina, Liam Martin, Stephanie O. Keeling, Joel Paschke, Rana Dadashova, Amanda Carapellucci, Stephanie Wichuk, Robert G. Lambert, Jonathan Chan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

Objective We aimed to assess the following: (1) the frequency of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) according to extra‐articular presentation and HLA‐B27 status, (2) clinical and imaging features that distinguish axSpA from non‐axSpA, and (3) the impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on diagnosis and classification of axSpA. Methods The Screening for Axial Spondyloarthritis in Psoriasis, Iritis, and Colitis (SASPIC) study enrolled patients in two multicenter cohorts. Consecutive patients with undiagnosed chronic back pain attending dermatology, ophthalmology, and gastroenterology clinics with psoriasis (PsO), acute anterior uveitis (AAU), or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were referred to a local rheumatologist with special expertise in axSpA for a structured diagnostic evaluation. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients diagnosed with axSpA by the final global evaluation. Results Frequency of axSpA was 46.7%, 61.6%, and 46.8% in patients in SASPIC‐1 (n = 212) and 23.5%, 57.9%, and 23.3% in patients in SASPIC‐2 (n = 151) with PsO, AAU, or IBD, respectively. Among those who were B27 positive, axSpA was diagnosed in 70%, 74.5%, and 66.7% of patients in SASPIC‐1 and in 71.4%, 87.8%, and 55.6% of patients in SASPIC‐2 with PsO, AAU, or IBD, respectively. All musculoskeletal clinical features were nondiscriminatory. MRI was indicative of axSpA in 60% to 80% of patients and MRI in all patients (SASPIC‐2) versus on‐demand (SASPIC‐1) led to 25% fewer diagnoses of axSpA in patients who were HLA‐B27 negative with PsO or IBD. Performance of the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria was greater with routine MRI (SASPIC‐2), though sensitivity was lower than previously reported. Conclusion Optimal management of patients presenting with PsO, AAU, IBD, and undiagnosed chronic back pain should include referral to a rheumatologist. Conducting MRI in all patients enhances diagnostic accuracy.
Pharma[e]cology: How the Gut Microbiome Contributes to Variations in Drug Response
Authors: Kai R. Trepka, Christine A. Olson, Vaibhav Upadhyay, Chen Zhang, Peter J. Turnbaugh
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2024)

Drugs represent our first, and sometimes last, line of defense for many diseases, yet despite decades of research we still do not fully understand why a given drug works in one patient and fails in the next. The human gut microbiome is one of the missing puzzle pieces, due to its ability to parallel and extend host pathways for drug metabolism, along with more complex host–microbiome interactions. Herein, we focus on the well-established links between the gut microbiome and drugs for heart disease and cancer, plus emerging data on neurological disease. We highlight the interdisciplinary methods that are available and how they can be used to address major remaining knowledge gaps, including the consequences of microbial drug metabolism for treatment outcomes. Continued progress in this area promises fundamental biological insights into humans and their associated microbial communities and strategies for leveraging the microbiome to improve the practice of medicine.
From fibrositis to fibromyalgia to nociplastic pain: how rheumatology helped get us here and where do we go from here?
Authors: Daniel J Clauw
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Rheumatologists and rheumatology have had a prominent role in the conceptualisation of nociplastic pain since the prototypical nociplastic pain condition is fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia had been previously known as fibrositis, until it became clear that this condition could be differentiatied from autoimmune disorders because of a lack of systemic inflammation and tissue damage. Nociplastic pain is now thought to be a third descriptor/mechanism of pain, in addition to nociceptive pain (pain due to peripheral damage or inflammation) and neuropathic pain. Nociplastic pain can occur in isolation, or as a co-morbidity with other mechanisms of pain, as commonly occurs in individuals with autoimmune disorders. We now know that the cardinal symptoms of nociplastic pain are widespread pain (or pain in areas not without evidence of inflammation/damage), accompanied by fatigue, sleep and memory issues. There is objective evidence of amplification/augmentation of pain, as well as of non-painful stimuli such as the brightness of lights and unpleasantness of sound or odors. Nociplastic pain states can be triggered by a variety of stressors such as trauma, infections and chronic stressors. Together these features suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is playing a major role in causing and maintaining nociplastic pain, but these CNS factors may in some be driven by ongoing peripheral nociceptive input. The most effective drug therapies for nociplastic pain are non-opioid centrally acting analgesics such as tricyclics, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors and gabapentinoids. However the mainstay of therapy of nociplastic pain is the use of a variety of non-pharmacological integrative therapies, especially those which improve activity/exercise, sleep and address psychological co-morbidities.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>upregulates PAD4 expression via stabilising HIF-1α to exacerbate rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hui Wu, Hanmei Yuan, Jin Zhang, Taojun He, Yilin Deng, Ying Chen, Yunqi Zhang, Weisan Chen, Chao Wu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

infection has been reported to aggravate rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the relevant mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanism of
Development of international consensus on a standardised image acquisition protocol for diagnostic evaluation of the sacroiliac joints by MRI: an ASAS–SPARTAN collaboration
Authors: Robert G W Lambert, Xenofon Baraliakos, Stephanie A Bernard, John A Carrino, Torsten Diekhoff, Iris Eshed, Kay Geert A Hermann, Nele Herregods, Jacob Jaremko, Lennart BO Jans, Anne Grethe Jurik, John M D O'Neill, Monique Reijnierse, Michael J Tuite, Walter P Maksymowych
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

A range of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) MRI protocols are used in clinical practice but not all were specifically designed for diagnostic ascertainment. This can be confusing and no standard diagnostic SIJ MRI protocol is currently accepted worldwide.
Endocytoscopy with automated multispectral intestinal barrier pathology imaging for assessment of deep healing to predict outcomes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Snehali Majumder, Giovanni Santacroce, Yasuharu Maeda, Irene Zammarchi, Miguel Puga-Tejada, Ilaria Ditonno, Brian Hayes, Rory Crotty, Eanna Fennell, Uday N Shivaji, Zainab Abdawn, Rahul Hejmadi, Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi, Olga Maria Nardone, Paul Murray, Louise Burke, Subrata Ghosh, Marietta Iacucci
Journal: Gut (2024)

Endoscopy newsdetails and guide tissue sampling combined with automated barrier protein evaluation
Journey through discovery of 75 years glucocorticoids: evolution of our knowledge of glucocorticoid receptor mechanisms in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ann-Kathrin Eiers, Sabine Vettorazzi, Jan P Tuckermann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

For three-quarters of a century, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been used to treat rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. Over these 75 years, our understanding of GCs binding to nuclear receptors, mainly the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and their molecular mechanisms has changed dramatically. Initially, in the late 1950s, GCs were considered important regulators of energy metabolism. By the 1970s/1980s, they were characterised as ligands for hormone-inducible transcription factors that regulate many aspects of cell biology and physiology. More recently, their impact on cellular metabolism has been rediscovered. Our understanding of cell-type-specific GC actions and the crosstalk between various immune and stromal cells in arthritis models has evolved by investigating conditional GR mutant mice using the Cre/LoxP system. A major achievement in studying the complex, cell-type-specific interplay is the recent advent of omics technologies at single-cell resolution, which will provide further unprecedented insights into the cell types and factors mediating GC responses. Alongside gene-encoded factors, anti-inflammatory metabolites that participate in resolving inflammation by GCs during arthritis are just being uncovered. The translation of this knowledge into therapeutic concepts will help tackle inflammatory diseases and reduce side effects. In this review, we describe major milestones in preclinical research that led to our current understanding of GC and GR action 75 years after the first use of GCs in arthritis.
Targeting tumor-associated macrophage-derived CD74 improves efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in combination with PD-1 blockade for cervical cancer
Authors: Zixiang Wang, Bingyu Wang, Yuan Feng, Jinwen Ye, Zhonghao Mao, Teng Zhang, Meining Xu, Wenjing Zhang, Xinlin Jiao, Qing Zhang, Youzhong Zhang, Baoxia Cui
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Cervical cancer has the second-highest mortality rate among malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade are promising therapeutic agents, but their efficacy when combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has not been fully tested, and how they alter the tumor microenvironment has not been comprehensively elucidated. Methods In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing using 46,950 cells from nine human cervical cancer tissues representing sequential different stages of NACT and PD-1 blockade combination therapy. We delineated the trajectory of cervical epithelial cells and identified the crucial factors involved in combination therapy. Cell–cell communication analysis was performed between tumor and immune cells. In addition, THP-1-derived and primary monocyte-derived macrophages were cocultured with cervical cancer cells and phagocytosis was detected by flow cytometry. The antitumor activity of blocking CD74 was validated in vivo using a CD74 humanized subcutaneous tumor model. Results Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that NACT activated cytokine and complement-related immune responses. Cell–cell communication analysis revealed that after NACT therapy, interaction strength between T cells and cancer cells decreased, but intensified between macrophages and cancer cells. We verified that macrophages were necessary for the PD-1 blockade to exert antitumor effects in vitro. Additionally, CD74-positive macrophages frequently interacted with the most immunoreactive epithelial subgroup 3 (Epi3) cancer subgroup during combination NACT. We found that CD74 upregulation limited phagocytosis and stimulated M2 polarization, whereas CD74 blockade enhanced macrophage phagocytosis, decreasing cervical cancer cell viability in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Our study reveals the dynamic cell–cell interaction network in the cervical cancer microenvironment influenced by combining NACT and PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, blocking tumor-associated macrophage-derived CD74 could augment neoadjuvant therapeutic efficacy.
Randomized, open-label, phase 2 study of nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors of high tumor mutational burden
Authors: Michael Schenker, Mauricio Burotto, Martin Richardet, Tudor-Eliade Ciuleanu, Anthony Gonçalves, Neeltje Steeghs, Patrick Schoffski, Paolo A Ascierto, Michele Maio, Iwona Lugowska, Lorena Lupinacci, Alexandra Leary, Jean-Pierre Delord, Julieta Grasselli, David S P Tan, Jennifer Friedmann, Jacqueline Vuky, Marina Tschaika, Somasekhar Konduru, Sai Vikram Vemula, Ruta Slepetis, Georgia Kollia, Misena Pacius, Quyen Duong, Ning Huang, Parul Doshi, Jonathan Baden, Massimo Di Nicola
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has demonstrated overall survival benefit in multiple tumor types. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a predictive biomarker for response to immunotherapies. This study evaluated the efficacy of nivolumab+ipilimumab in multiple tumor types based on TMB status evaluated using either tumor tissue (tTMB) or circulating tumor DNA in the blood (bTMB).
Artificial stone silicosis: a UK case series
Authors: Johanna Feary, Anand Devaraj, Matthew Burton, Felix Chua, Robina K Coker, Arnab Datta, Richard J Hewitt, Maria Kokosi, Vaslis Kouranos, Carl Jonathan Reynolds, Clare L Ross, Veronica Smith, Katie Ward, Melissa Wickremasinghe, Joanna Szram
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Silicosis due to artificial stone (AS) has emerged over the last decade as an increasing global issue. We report the first eight UK cases. All were men; median age was 34 years (range 27-56) and median stone dust exposure was 12.5 years (range 4-40) but in 4 cases was 4-8 years. One is deceased; two were referred for lung transplant assessment. All cases were dry cutting and polishing AS worktops with inadequate safety measures. Clinical features of silicosis can closely mimic sarcoidosis. UK cases are likely to increase, with urgent action needed to identify cases and enforce regulations.
Patterns of Antihypertensive Medication Use in the First 2 Years Post Partum
Authors: Frederikke Lihme, Saima Basit, Baskaran Thilaganathan, Heather A. Boyd
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Women who had a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) have a well-documented risk of chronic hypertension within a few years of delivery, but management of postpartum hypertension among these women remains inconsistent.
Bowel Resection Outcomes in Ovarian Cancer Cytoreductive Surgery by Surgeon Specialty
Authors: Jasmine Ebott, Phinnara Has, Christina Raker, Katina Robison
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Importance Extensive bowel surgery is often necessary to achieve complete cytoreduction in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Regardless of who performs the surgery, it has been well documented that bowel resections are a high-risk procedure and an anastomotic leak is a severe complication that can occur. There are few studies addressing whether surgeon type impacts surgical outcomes in this patient population. Objective To compare surgical outcomes between gynecologic oncologist, general surgeons, and a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent bowel surgery during cytoreductive debulking. Design, Setting, Participants This retrospective cohort study used the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets from 2012 through 2020. The aforementioned years of the dataset were analyzed from March 2022 to March 2023 and reanalyzed in May 2024 for quality assurance. Analysis of cytoreductive surgeries performed by a gynecologic oncologist, a general surgeon, or a 2-surgeon team approach for patients with ovarian cancer recorded in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets was included. The 2-surgeon team approach included any combination of the aforementioned surgical specialties. Main outcome and measure The primary outcome of interest was anastomotic leak after bowel surgery during ovarian cancer debulking. Results A total of 1810 patients were included in the study; in the general surgery cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 65.1 (11.1) years and mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 26.9 (7.4); in the gynecologic oncology cohort, mean (SD) patient age was 63.5 (11.7) years and mean BMI (SD) was 27.7 (6.5); and in the 2-surgeon team cohort, mean (SD) patient age 62.4 (12.1) years and mean (SD) BMI was 28.1 (7.0). Gynecologic oncologists performed 1217 cases (67.2%), general surgery performed 97 cases (5.4%), and 496 cases had 2-surgeon teams involved (27.4%). Bivariate analysis revealed an anastomotic leak rate of 3.6% for gynecologic oncologists, 5.2% for general surgeons, and 0.4% for cases that had 2 surgical teams involved ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). By multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio for anastomotic leak was 1.53 (95% CI, 0.59-3.96) for the general surgeon group ( P = .38) vs an adjusted odds ratio of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.03-0.47) for the 2-surgeon team approach ( P = .003) with the referent being gynecologic oncology. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, the anastomotic leak rate was found to be lower when 2 surgeons participated in the case, regardless of the surgical specialty. These results suggest that team-based care improves surgical outcomes.
Consistency of Delusion Themes Across First and Subsequent Episodes of Psychosis
Authors: Gil Grunfeld, Ann-Catherine Lemonde, Ian Gold, Vincent Paquin, Srividya N. Iyer, Martin Lepage, Ridha Joober, Ashok Malla, Jai L. Shah
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Despite growing interest in the phenomenology of delusions in psychosis, at present little is known about their content and evolution over time, including whether delusion themes are consistent across episodes.
Protein Intake and Mortality in Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Adrián Carballo-Casla, Carla Maria Avesani, Giorgi Beridze, Rosario Ortolá, Esther García-Esquinas, Esther Lopez-Garcia, Lu Dai, Michelle M. Dunk, Peter Stenvinkel, Bengt Lindholm, Juan Jesús Carrero, Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, Davide Liborio Vetrano, Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Avoiding high protein intake in older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may reduce the risk of kidney function decline, but whether it can be suboptimal for survival is not well known.
Primary Care Use and 90-Day Mortality Among Older Adults Undergoing Cancer Surgery
Authors: Hadiza S. Kazaure, N. Ben Neely, Lauren E. Howard, Terry Hyslop, Mohammad Shahsahebi, Leah L. Zullig, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Multimorbidity and postoperative clinical decompensation are common among older surgical patients with cancer, highlighting the importance of primary care to optimize survival. Little is known about the association between primary care use and survivorship among older adults (aged ≥65 years) undergoing cancer surgery.