tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern®
Authors: Amy Lin, Sumayya Ahmad, Guillermo Amescua, Albert Y. Cheung, Daniel S. Choi, Vishal Jhanji, Shahzad I. Mian, Michelle K. Rhee, Elizabeth T. Viriya, Francis S. Mah, Divya M. Varu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)

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Mortality risk in patients with obesity and COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rachelle Haber, Malak Ghezzawi, Houry Puzantian, Marc Haber, Sacha Saad, Yara Ghandour, Joseph El Bachour, Anthony Yazbeck, Ghinwa Hassanieh, Celine Mehdi, Dima Ismail, Elias Abi-Kharma, Ola El-Zein, Assem Khamis, Marlene Chakhtoura, Christos Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2024)
Sex biology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Akram Zamani, Emma Thomas, David K. Wright
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2024)

Although sex differences in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have not been studied systematically, numerous clinical and preclinical studies have shown sex to be influential in disease prognosis. Moreover, with the development of advanced imaging tools, the difference between male and female brain in structure and function and their response to neurodegeneration are more definitive. As discussed in this review, ALS patients exhibit a sex bias pertaining to the features of the disease, and their clinical, pathological, (and pathophysiological) phenotypes. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that this sex disparity stems from various aetiologies, including sex-specific brain structure and neural functioning, genetic predisposition, age, gonadal hormones, susceptibility to traumatic brain injury (TBI)/head trauma and lifestyle factors.
Relationship between Intraocular Pressure Fluctuation and Visual Field Progression Rates in the United Kingdom Glaucoma Treatment Study
Authors: Alessandro Rabiolo, Giovanni Montesano, David P. Crabb, David F. Garway-Heath, David F. Garway-Heath, David P. Crabb, Catey Bunce, Gerassimos Lascaratos, Francesca Amalfitano, Nitin Anand, Augusto Azuara-Blanco, Rupert R. Bourne, David C. Broadway, Ian A. Cunliffe, Jeremy P. Diamond, Scott G. Fraser, Tuan A. Ho, Keith R. Martin, Andrew I. McNaught, Anil Negi, Krishna Patel, Richard A. Russell, Ameet Shah, Paul G. Spry, Katsuyoshi Suzuki, Edward T. White, Richard P. Wormald, Wen Xing, Thierry G. Zeyen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)
Quantifying the Effect of Consent for High–Kidney Donor Profile Index Deceased Donor Transplants in the United States
Authors: Jesse D. Schold, Kendra D. Conzen, James Cooper, Susana Arrigain, Rocio Lopez, Sumit Mohan, Syed Ali Husain, Anne M. Huml, Peter T. Kennealey, Bruce Kaplan, Elizabeth A. Pomfret
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Nationally, 41% of kidney transplant candidates consented to receive high–Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) donor offers in the United States. There was wide variation in consent proportion for high-KDPI donors on the basis of individual characteristics and transplant centers. Consent for high-KDPI kidneys was associated with 15% higher adjusted rates of deceased donor transplantation. Background Despite known benefits of kidney transplantation, including transplantation from donors with increased risk factors, many waitlisted candidates die before transplantation. Consent to receive donor kidneys with lower expected survival ( e.g ., Kidney Donor Profile Index [KDPI] &gt;85%) is typically obtained at waitlist placement. The presumed benefit of consent to receive high-KDPI donor kidneys is higher likelihood and timeliness of donor offers for transplantation. However, the specific effect of consent on access to transplantation is unclear. Our aims were to evaluate the characteristics of candidates consenting to high-KDPI donor kidneys and the likelihood of receiving a deceased donor transplant over time on the basis of consent. Methods We used national Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data between 2015 and 2022 ( n =213,364). We evaluated the likelihood of consent using multivariable logistic models and time to deceased donor transplant with cumulative incidence plots accounting for competing risks and multivariable Cox models. Results Overall, high-KDPI consent was 41%, which was higher among candidates who were older, were Black or Hispanic, had higher body mass index, had diabetes, had vascular disease, and had 12–48 months prelisting dialysis time, with significant center-level variation. High-KDPI consent was associated with higher rates of deceased donor transplant (adjusted hazard ratio=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.17) with no difference in likelihood of deceased donor transplant from donors with KDPI &lt;85%. The effect of high-KDPI consent on higher rates of deceased donor transplantation was higher among candidates older than 60 years and candidates with diabetes and variable on the basis of center characteristics. Conclusions There is significant variation of consent for high-KDPI donor kidneys and higher likelihood of transplantation associated with consent.
Is the US prepared for the next pandemic? No, but it could be
Authors: Chelsea B Cipriano, Kushal T Kadakia, Dave A Chokshi
Journal: BMJ (2024)

<b>Chelsea Cipriano</b>, <b>Kushal Kadakia</b>, and <b>Dave Chokshi</b> argue that the US must end its collective amnesia about public health disasters and act collaboratively to strengthen services
Electrospun Biomimetic Periosteum Capable of Controlled Release of Multiple Agents for Programmed Promoting Bone Regeneration
Authors: Xingkai Zhao, Yu Zhuang, Yongjian Cao, Fengying Cai, Yicheng Lv, Yunquan Zheng, Jianmin Yang, Xianai Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract The effective repair of large bone defects remains a major challenge due to its limited self‐healing capacity. Inspired by the structure and function of the natural periosteum, an electrospun biomimetic periosteum is constructed to programmatically promote bone regeneration using natural bone healing mechanisms. The biomimetic periosteum is composed of a bilayer with an asymmetric structure in which an aligned electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/gelatin/deferoxamine (PCL/GEL/DFO) layer mimics the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum, while a random coaxial electrospun PCL/GEL/aspirin (ASP) shell and PCL/silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) core layer mimics the inner cambial layer. The bilayer controls the release of ASP, DFO, and SiNPs to precisely regulate the inflammatory, angiogenic, and osteogenic phases of bone repair. The random coaxial inner layer can effectively antioxidize, promoting cell recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization, while the aligned outer layer can promote angiogenesis and prevent fibroblast infiltration. In particular, different stages of bone repair are modulated in a rat skull defect model to achieve faster and better bone regeneration. The proposed biomimetic periosteum is expected to be a promising candidate for bone defect healing.
Cancer‐associated non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis—Clinical series from a single institution
Authors: Patryk Patrzalek, Waldemar E. Wysokinski, Reto D. Kurmann, Damon Houghton, David Hodge, Wiktoria Kuczmik, Kyle W. Klarich, Ewa M. Wysokinska
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Premortem clinical presentation of cancer‐associated non‐bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (Ca‐NBTE), therapy, and the clinal course is limited to case reports and small clinical series. An electronic search of Mayo Clinic records (03/31/2002–06/30/2022) with a subsequent manual review was performed to identify adult patients with echocardiographically detected NBTE and active malignancy, excluding those with infectious endocarditis or lupus anticoagulant/antiphospholipid antibodies. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 115 Ca‐NBTE patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years, 66.1% female) involving 71 (61.7%) mitral, 58 (50.4%) aortic, 8 (6.9%) tricuspid, and 1 (0.9%) pulmonary valve. The most common cancer was lung ( n = 45 cases (39.1%), followed by pancreatic ( n = 19, 16.5%), gynecological (17, 14.8%), gastrointestinal ( n = 10, 8.7%), and 10 (8.7%) with hematologic malignancy; 6 patients had two active cancers. Embolic complications at presentation were frequent: 94 (81.7%) brain, 11 splenic, 10 renal, 6 coronary, and 4 to the extremities. Of 104 anticoagulated patients, 60 received low molecular weight heparin, 17 unfractionated heparin, 16 apixaban, 8 warfarin, and 3 rivaroxaban. There were 18 arterial thromboembolisms; the Kaplan–Meier estimates of the incidence at 2 years were consistent with a rate of 15.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 9.9–23.3], including 14 strokes (12.4%, 95%CI, 7.1–19.2), and 8 other arterial emboli (10.5%, 95%CI, 4.7–18.9); there were 10 venous thromboembolisms (8.9%, 95%CI, 4.5–15.0). Fourteen major bleedings occurred (12.8%, 95%CI, 7.3–19.9) and 94 patients died during follow‐up (77.9%, 95%CI, 71.1–85.8). Ca‐NBTE predominantly affected women with lung adenocarcinoma or digestive tract cancers and manifested by stroke with high mortality and frequent embolic and bleeding complications during anticoagulation therapy.
Molecular and Spatial Signatures of Mouse Embryonic Endothelial Cells at Single-Cell Resolution
Authors: Jian Chen, Xiaoran Zhang, Daniel M. DeLaughter, Michael A. Trembley, Shaila Saifee, Feng Xiao, Jiehui Chen, Pingzhu Zhou, Christine E. Seidman, Jonathan G. Seidman, William T. Pu
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)

Mature endothelial cells (ECs) are heterogeneous, with subtypes defined by tissue origin and position within the vascular bed (ie, artery, capillary, vein, and lymphatic). How this heterogeneity is established during the development of the vascular system, especially arteriovenous specification of ECs, remains incompletely characterized.
N-Glycosylation Profiles of Immunoglobulin G and Future Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Rosangela A. Hoshi, Branimir Plavša, Yanyan Liu, Irena Trbojević-Akmačić, Robert J. Glynn, Paul M. Ridker, Richard D. Cummings, Ivan Gudelj, Gordan Lauc, Olga V. Demler, Samia Mora
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)

Posttranslational glycosylation of IgG can modulate its inflammatory capacity through structural variations. We examined the association of baseline IgG N-glycans and an IgG glycan score with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Carbonylation of Runx2 at K176 by 4-Hydroxynonenal Accelerates Vascular Calcification
Authors: Xiaoxuan Zhai, Shengchuan Cao, Jiali Wang, Bao Qiao, Xuehao Liu, Rui Hua, Menglin Zhao, Shukun Sun, Yu Han, Shuo Wu, Jiaojiao Pang, Qiuhuan Yuan, Bailu Wang, Feng Xu, Shujian Wei, Yuguo Chen
Journal: Circulation (2024)

BACKGROUND: Vascular calcification, which is characterized by calcium deposition in arterial walls and the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, is an actively regulated process that involves complex mechanisms. Vascular calcification is associated with increased cardiovascular adverse events. The role of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which is the most abundant stable product of lipid peroxidation, in vascular calcification has been poorly investigated. METHODS: Serum was collected from patients with chronic kidney disease and controls, and the levels of 4-HNE and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α were measured. Sections of coronary atherosclerotic plaques from donors were immunostained to analyze calcium deposition and 4-HNE. A total of 658 patients with coronary artery disease who received coronary computed tomography angiography were recruited to analyze the relationship between coronary calcification and the rs671 mutation in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2 ). ALDH2 knockout ( ALDH2 -/ - ) mice, smooth muscle cell–specific ALDH2 knockout mice, ALDH2 transgenic mice, and their controls were used to establish vascular calcification models. Primary mouse aortic smooth muscle cells and human aortic smooth muscle cells were exposed to medium containing β-glycerophosphate and CaCl 2 to investigate cell calcification and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: Elevated 4-HNE levels were observed in the serum of patients with chronic kidney disease and model mice and were detected in calcified artery sections by immunostaining. ALDH2 knockout or smooth muscle cell–specific ALDH2 knockout accelerated the development of vascular calcification in model mice, whereas overexpression or activation prevented mouse vascular calcification and the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In patients with coronary artery disease, patients with ALDH2 rs671 gene mutation developed more severe coronary calcification. 4-HNE promoted calcification of both mouse aortic smooth muscle cells and human aortic smooth muscle cells and their osteochondrogenic differentiation in vitro. 4-HNE increased the level of Runx2 (runt-related transcription factor-2), and the effect of 4-HNE on promoting vascular smooth muscle cell calcification was ablated when Runx2 was knocked down. Mutation of Runx2 at lysine 176 reduced its carbonylation and eliminated the 4-HNE–induced upregulation of Runx2. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that 4-HNE increases Runx2 stabilization by directly carbonylating its K176 site and promotes vascular calcification. ALDH2 might be a potential target for the treatment of vascular calcification.
Pathway level subtyping identifies a slow-cycling biological phenotype associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sudhir B. Malla, Ryan M. Byrne, Maxime W. Lafarge, Shania M. Corry, Natalie C. Fisher, Petros K. Tsantoulis, Megan L. Mills, Rachel A. Ridgway, Tamsin R. M. Lannagan, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Kathryn L. Gilroy, Raheleh Amirkhah, Sarah L. Maguire, Eoghan J. Mulholland, Hayley L. Belnoue-Davis, Elena Grassi, Marco Viviani, Emily Rogan, Keara L. Redmond, Svetlana Sakhnevych, Aoife J. McCooey, Courtney Bull, Emily Hoey, Nicoleta Sinevici, Holly Hall, Baharak Ahmaderaghi, Enric Domingo, Andrew Blake, Susan D. Richman, Claudio Isella, Crispin Miller, Andrea Bertotti, Livio Trusolino, Maurice B. Loughrey, Emma M. Kerr, Sabine Tejpar, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Andrew D. Campbell, Simon J. Leedham, Viktor H. Koelzer, Owen J. Sansom, Philip D. Dunne
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)

Abstract Molecular stratification using gene-level transcriptional data has identified subtypes with distinctive genotypic and phenotypic traits, as exemplified by the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, rather than gene-level data, we make use of gene ontology and biological activation state information for initial molecular class discovery. In doing so, we defined three pathway-derived subtypes (PDS) in CRC: PDS1 tumors, which are canonical/LGR5 + stem-rich, highly proliferative and display good prognosis; PDS2 tumors, which are regenerative/ANXA1 + stem-rich, with elevated stromal and immune tumor microenvironmental lineages; and PDS3 tumors, which represent a previously overlooked slow-cycling subset of tumors within CMS2 with reduced stem populations and increased differentiated lineages, particularly enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells, yet display the worst prognosis in locally advanced disease. These PDS3 phenotypic traits are evident across numerous bulk and single-cell datasets, and demark a series of subtle biological states that are currently under-represented in pre-clinical models and are not identified using existing subtyping classifiers.
Advancing neuroblastoma care: Future horizons after approval of eflornithine by FDA
Authors: Abubakar Nazir, Awais Nazir, Kamal Kandel
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aOli Health Magazine Organization,Research, and Education, Kigali, Rwanda bDepartment of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Pakistan cKathmandu University,Nepal Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Oli Health Magazine Organization, Research and Education Kigali, Rwanda. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Nazir) This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Comment on ‘Effect of anatomical liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma a systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: Jia-Xi Mao, Han-Xiang Zhong, Xin-Yi Lu, Zhao Yuan-Yu, Li-Ye Zhu, Hong Fu, Guo-Shan Ding, Fei Teng, Wen-Yuan Guo
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Mao, Jia-Xi MM; Zhong, Han-Xiang MM; Lu, Xin-Yi MM; Yuan-Yu, Zhao , BMed; Zhu, Li-Ye , BMed; Fu, Hong MD; Ding, Guo-Shan MD; Teng, Fei MD; Guo, Wen-Yuan MD Author Information
Data-driven coaching to improve statewide outcomes in CABG: before and after interventional study
Authors: Omar A.V. Mejia, Gabrielle B. Borgomoni, Fabiane Letícia de Freitas, Lucas S. Furlán, Bianca Maria M. Orlandi, Marcos G. Tiveron, Pedro Gabriel M de B e Silva, Marcelo A. Nakazone, Marco Antonio P de Oliveira, Valquíria P. Campagnucci, Sharon-Lise Normand, Roger D. Dias, Fábio B. Jatene
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The impact of quality improvement initiatives Program (QIP) on coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG) remains scarce, despite improved outcomes in other surgical areas. This study aims to evaluate the impact of a package of QIP on mortality rates among patients undergoing CABG. Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study utilized data from the multicenter database Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular II (REPLICCAR II), spanning from July 2017 to June 2019. Data from 4,018 isolated CABG adult patients were collected and analyzed in three phases: before-implementation, implementation, and after-implementation of the intervention (which comprised QIP training for the hospital team). Propensity Score Matching was used to balance the groups of 2,170 patients each for a comparative analysis of the following outcomes: reoperation, deep sternal wound infection/mediastinitis ≤ 30 days, cerebrovascular accident, acute kidney injury, ventilation time&gt;24 hours, length of stay&lt;6 days, length of stay&gt;14 days, morbidity and mortality, and operative mortality. A multiple regression model was constructed to predict mortality outcomes. Results: Following implementation, there was a significant reduction of operative mortality (61.7%, P =0.046), as well as deep sternal wound infection/mediastinitis ( P &lt;0.001), sepsis ( P =0.002), ventilation time in hours ( P &lt;0.001), prolonged ventilation time ( P =0.009), postoperative peak blood glucose ( P &lt;0.001), total length of hospital stay ( P &lt;0.001). Additionally, there was a greater use of arterial grafts, including internal thoracic ( P &lt;0.001) and radial ( P =0.038), along with a higher rate of skeletonized dissection of the internal thoracic artery. Conclusions: QIP was associated with a 61.7% reduction in operative mortality following CABG. Although not all complications exhibited a decline, the reduction in mortality suggests a possible decrease in failure to rescue during the after-implementation period.
Surgical outcomes and survival following esophagectomy for squamous cell carcinoma with or without liver cirrhosis: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seong Yong Park, Jaeseung Shin, Yeong Jeong Jeon, Junghee Lee, Jong Ho Cho, Hong Kwan Kim, Yong Soo Choi, Jae Il Zo, Young Mog Shim
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background &amp; Aims: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) shares common risk factors with liver cirrhosis (LC). The influence of LC in patients with ESCC has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to investigate the postoperative and long-term survival outcomes of esophagectomy for ESCC according to LC presence. Methods: Among patients who underwent curative-intent surgery for ESCC between 1994 and 2018, 121 patients with Child–Pugh class A LC and 2810 patients without LC were compared. Results: Among the LC patients, 73 (60.3%) were diagnosed with LC before surgery and 48 (39.7%) were diagnosed intraoperatively. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between patients with LC and those without LC. However, intraoperative blood loss was higher, and operation time, hospital stay, and intensive care unit stay were longer in patients with LC than in those without LC. Moreover, the reoperation, 30-day morbidity (60.6% vs. 73.6%, P =0.006) and 90-day mortality (2.2% vs. 4.9%, P =0.049) were significantly higher in patients with LC. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly higher in patients without LC than in those with LC. After adjusting the confounding variables, LC was an adverse risk factor of OS (hazard ratio 1.402, P =0.004). Among patients with LC, the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease score was related to the development of complications of grade more than III (odds ratio 1.459, P =0.013). Conclusion: ESCC patients with Child–Pugh class A LC have high incidences of postoperative morbidity and mortality, and poor OS. Thus, careful patient selection, meticulous operation, and careful postoperative care are needed.