tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Injectable 2D‐MoS<sub>2</sub>‐integrated Bioadhesive Hydrogel as Photothermal‐Derived and Drug‐Delivery Implant for Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Xiaojun Long, Jiawei Wang, Huijuan Wang, Kepeng Hu, Wei Zhang, Weiming Lin, Chao Fang, Kui Cheng, Zhangfa Song
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Photothermal therapy (PTT) combined with chemotherapy using hydrogel as a delivery platform is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, maintaining the stability of photo‐absorbing agents (PTA) in the hydrogel and ensuring that the hydrogel remains anchored to the tumor tissue presents significant challenges. Herein, this work introduces an injectable 2D molybdenum disulfide (2D‐MoS 2 )‐integrated adhesive hydrogel, specifically N‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐4‐(4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2‐methoxy‐5‐nitro‐sophenoxy) butanamide‐linked sodium alginate‐MoS 2 ‐5‐fluorouracil (AlgNB/MoS 2 /5‐FU). This hydrogel functions as a near‐infrared light (NIR)‐triggered photothermal and drug‐delivery implant for CRC treatment. The MoS 2 nanosheets maintain superior dispersibility in the hydrogel and exhibit a highly efficient NIR‐triggered photothermal effect. Importantly, the aldehyde group in AlgNB also imparted tissue adhesion to the hydrogel, the adhesive hydrogel is used to infiltrate and anchor within tumor tissue. The injectable adhesive AlgNB/MoS 2 /5‐FU hydrogel shows remarkable efficacy in inhibiting SW480 cells proliferation and promoting colorectal tumor regression by triggering PTT and delivering the 5‐FU drug in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The potential synergistic mechanism of PTT and 5‐FU chemotherapy may contribute to inhibiting DNA repair and enhancing a robust immune response. Therefore, this research provides valuable strategic insights for the synergistic treatment of localized CRC.
Fibrosis Drug Efficacy Assessment Based on Microfluidic Mechanical Property Evaluation of Spheroid Models
Authors: Bolam Kim, Jeong Yeon Kim, Hye Won Kim, In Yeong Cho, Ki Wan Bong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Fibrotic diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, pose significant challenges in both research and treatment. To address the limitations of existing systems, a novel collision‐based spheroid mechanical property assessment system is developed. The system utilizes inertial fluid dynamics to induce controlled collisions through uniformly sized spheroids, allowing strain to be measured via high‐speed cameras. In this study, the system is first validated using HEK293T spheroids to optimize flow velocity, followed by an analysis of deformability differences between two cell types related to pulmonary fibrosis (Calu‐1 and MRC‐5). A co‐culture spheroid model comprising two types of lung cells, endothelial and fibroblast cells, in different rations is further developed, and significant differences in deformability depending on the cell composition is observed. Finally, spheroids are treated with TGF‐β1(Transforming Growth Factor‐β1), a factor known to activate fibroblast cells and induce excessive extra cellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, and Nintedanib, an anti‐fibrotic drug, to assess changes in mechanical properties. These results effectively reflect the mechanical properties driven by cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions and highlight the correlation between spheroid mechanics and the progression of fibrotic disease. This system not only contributes to a deeper understanding of fibrosis progression but also serves as a powerful platform for accelerating the development of anti‐fibrotic therapies.
Impact of components of metabolic syndrome on long-term outcomes of CHB with nucleos(t)ide analogue treatment
Authors: Rui Huang, Dae Won Jun, Hidenori Toyoda, Yao-Chun Hsu, Huy Trinh, Akito Nozaki, Toru Ishikawa, Tsunamasa Watanabe, Haruki Uojima, Daniel Q Huang, Takashi Honda, Yasuhito Tanaka, Philip Vutien, Sebastián Marciano, Hiroshi Abe, Masaru Enomoto, Masanori Atsukawa, Hirokazu Takahashi, Kunihiko Tsuji, Koichi Takaguchi, Pei-Chien Tsai, Chia-Yen Dai, Jee-Fu Huang, Chung-Feng Huang, Ming-Lun Yeh, Eileen Yoon, Sung Eun Kim, Sang Bong Ahn, Gi-Ae Kim, Jang Han Jung, Soung Won Jeong, Hyunwoo Oh, Cheng-Hao Tseng, Masatoshi Ishigami, Angela Chau, Mayumi Maeda, Satoshi Yasuda, Makoto Chuma, Takanori Ito, Keigo Kawashima, Joanne Kimiko Liu, Adrian Gadano, Ritsuzo Kozuka, Norio Itokawa, Kaori Inoue, Tomonori Senoh, Jie Li, Wan-Long Chuang, Ramsey Cheung, Chao Wu, Ming-Lung Yu, Mindie H Nguyen
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2025)

Given the rise of metabolic diseases, we investigated their long-term impact in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA). We analyzed data from CHB patients who initiated NAs from 30 centers (7 countries/regions). We balanced patient characteristics with and without metabolic disease (diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) via propensity-score matching (PSM) to evaluate adverse liver events and motality. The study included 4,500 CHB patients (54.6% with ≥1 metabolic disease). PSM yielded 909 pairs of patients with balanced characteristics. When stratified by the number of metabolic disease, only patients with ≥2 metabolic diseases had increased cumulative incidence of cirrhosis and overall death (but not HCC or cause-specific death). However, when stratified by the presence of diabetes (regardless of the presence or number of other metabolic diseases), patients with diabetes (vs. those without) had significantly higher cumulative incidence of all outcomes: cirrhosis (P=0.009), HCC (P=0.023), overall, liver-related and non-liver-related death (P<0.001, P=0.026 and P<0.001, respectively). On Cox regression analysis, having ≥2 metabolic diseases was associated with cirrhosis, overall death and non-liver-related death but not HCC and liver-related death, while diabetes was significantly associated with higher risk of all outcomes: cirrhosis (HR=3.75, P=0.004), HCC (HR=2.02, P=0.020), overall, liver-related and non-liver-related death (HR=2.53, P<0.001; HR=2.65, P=0.016; HR=2.38, P<0.001). Having ≥2 metabolic diseases was associated with significantly higher risk of cirrhosis, overall death and non-liver-related death, but having diabetes as a single metabolic disease was significantly associated with all adverse outcomes including cirrhosis, HCC, overall, liver-related and non-liver-related death.
IL-4 mediated TAP2 downregulation is a dominant and reversible mechanism of immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kishu Ranjan, Barani Kumar Rajendran, Imad Ud Deen, Adrien Costantini, Miguel Lopez de Rodas, Shruti S. Desai, Frankie Scallo, Nicole Gianino, Soldano Ferrone, Kurt A. Schalper
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Abstract Background Resistance to both naturally occurring anti-cancer immunity and to immunotherapy is common in patients with aggressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent studies indicate a role of loss of the HLA class-I antigen presentation machinery (APM) protein β-2-microglobulin in acquired resistance to immune checkpoint blockers. However, the mechanisms, functional consequences and therapeutic potential of APM defects in NSCLC remain poorly understood. Methods Using multiplexed immunofluorescence, we spatially mapped CD8 + effector Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and the APM components TAP1 and TAP2 in 819 baseline/pre-treatment NSCLCs from patients treated with and without PD-1 axis blockers in 4 independent cohorts. The impact of TAP1/2 silencing in lung cancer cells using siRNAs and CRISPR/Cas9 was studied using transcriptomic analysis, phosphoprotein arrays, ATAC-sequencing, measurement of surface HLA-peptide complexes and in vitro tumor-antigen specific T-cell killing. We established autologous co-cultures of tumor and immune cells from primary human NSCLCs to study the functional impact of IL4Rα and/or PD-1 blockade using monoclonal antibodies. A high-throughput drug screen supported the identification of compounds able to increase TAP2 expression in NSCLC cells. Results We identified cancer cell selective TAP2 protein downregulation in 42.4% of treatment naïve NSCLCs associated with reduced sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockers. TAP1 downregulation occurred in 24.4% of lung tumors without survival impact. Silencing of TAP2 in lung cancer cells altered key intracellular immunomodulatory pathways, limited sensitivity to proinflammatory cytokines, reduced the levels of surface peptide-HLA complexes and protected malignant cells from tumor antigen-specific T-cell killing via SOCS1 upregulation. TAP2 loss in human NSCLCs was associated with reduced TAP2 promoter chromatin accessibility and elevated IL-4 IL-4 expression. Treatment with IL-4 reduced TAP2 levels and the chromatin accessibility of the TAP2 gene promoter in NSCLC cells and reproduced all the functional consequences of TAP2 loss. In intact human NSCLC, IL-4 IL-4 transcripts were detected in intratumoral myeloid cells and IL-4Rα blockade increased human NSCLC cell killing by autologous TILs. Epigenetic modulators and other drugs with known anti-cancer activity increased TAP2 expression and its function in lung cancer cells. Conclusions Our study reveals previously unrecognized functions of TAP2 beyond antigen presentation and establishes a reversible multi-cellular axis mediating adaptive immune evasion and immunotherapy resistance with clinical potential.
Prevalence of asthma in Portuguese adults - the EPI-ASTHMA study, a nationwide population-based survey
Authors: Dinis Brito, Cristina Jácome, Cláudia Bulhões, Maria João Barbosa, Nuno Pina, Ana Alves da Silva, Catarina João, Diana Gomes, Filipa Lopes, Janete Quelhas-Santos, Liliana Amorim, Marina Rodrigues, Marisa Pardal, Pedro M. Teixeira, Tiago Jacinto, Ana Margarida Cruz, Ana Margarida Pereira, Ana Marques, Bernardo Sousa-Pinto, Cláudia Vicente, Elisete Ferreira, Luís Alves, Maria Inês Fernandes, Rafael Vieira, Rita Amaral, Rita Sousa, Rui Costa, Teresa Castanho, Filipa Bernardo, Jaime Correia-de-Sousa, João A Fonseca
Journal: Pulmonology (2025)

Introduction In 2010, 6.8% of the Portuguese adults had asthma. Contemporary studies employing more accurate methods are needed. We aimed to assess asthma prevalence in Portugal and to identify associated-factors.
Global burden and cross-country inequalities in urinary tumors from 1990 to 2021 and predicted incidence changes to 2046
Authors: De-Chao Feng, Deng-Xiong Li, Rui-Cheng Wu, Jie Wang, Yu-Han Xiao, Koo Han Yoo, Xing Ye, Wu-Ran Wei, De-Pei Kong, Zhou-Ting Tuo
Journal: Military Medical Research (2025)
Steering, Switching, and the Medicare Advantage “Trap”
Authors: Lawrence P. Casalino, Amelia M. Bond, Dhruv Khullar
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This Viewpoint discusses the differences between Medicare Advantage (MA) and traditional Medicare and the trade-offs between service and convenience that beneficiaries make when selecting MA; highlights factors that make switching from MA to traditional Medicare difficult or impossible (the MA “trap”); and suggests possible reforms.
Error in Author Name
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Alicia J. Hilderley, PhD; Mary Dunbar, MD; John Andersen, MD; Darcy Fehlings, MD; Megan Metzler, MSc; Helen L. Carlson, PhD; Ephrem Zewdie, PhD; Jacquie Hodge, MSc; Kathleen O'Grady, MSc; Lisa Carsolio, BSc; Nomazulu Dlamini, MBBS, PhD; Adrianna Giuffre, PhD; Lauran Cole, MD, MSc; Hsing-Ching Kuo, PhD; Anna Bourgeois, BSc; Asha Hollis, MD, MSc; Meghan Maiani, BScOT; Patrick Ciechanski, MD, PhD; Zeanna Jadavji, MD, PhD; Brandon Craig, PhD; Dion Kelly, PhD; Joanna Keough, MSc; James Wrightson, PhD; Linda Fay, OT; Lauren Switzer, BSc; Maya Pajevic, BSc; Alana Ramsay; Michael Sametz, BComm; Brian L. Brooks, PhD; Maryna Yaskina, PhD; Jesse Batara, MPH; Michael D. Hill, MD, MSc; Adam Kirton, MD, MSc
Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques—Reply
Authors: Karen E. A. Burns, Nicholas S. Hill, Deborah J. Cook
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reducing the Harm of Urine Drug Screening in Pregnancy
Authors: Geoffrey S. Baird, Edwin G. Lindo
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Vahid Azimi, MD, MS; Cassandra Trammel, MD, MBA; Lauren Nacke, LCSW, MSW; Alexandra Rubin, MD; Lori Stevenson, MSN, RNC-OB; Brittaney Vaughn, BA, MSN, RN; Stephen M. Roper, PhD; Mark A. Zaydman, MD, PhD; Ronald Jackups, MD, PhD; Noor Riaz, MD, MPH; Kim P. Schamel, MD; Jeannie C. Kelly, MD, MS
Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques
Authors: Luke Andrea, Abhishrut Jog, Ari Moskowitz
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interaction Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Parkinson Disease Polygenic Risk Score
Authors: Dayoon Kwon, Kimberly C. Paul, Cynthia Kusters, Jun Wu, Jeff M. Bronstein, Christina M. Lill, Matthias Ketzel, Ole Raachou-Nielsen, Johnni Hansen, Beate Ritz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Genetic and environmental factors are linked to Parkinson disease (PD), but the role of genetic susceptibility in the association between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and PD remains unclear. Objective To assess the gene-environment interaction between the polygenic risk score (PRS) for PD and long-term TRAP exposure and to estimate the joint effect with PD risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based case-control study used a meta-analytical assessment of studies conducted in central California and Denmark. The Parkinson Environment and Genes (PEG) study in California (June 1, 2000, to July 31, 2017) included 634 patients with PD and 733 controls; the Parkinson Disease in Denmark (PASIDA) study (January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2017) included 966 patients with PD and 1045 controls. Data were analyzed from July 1 to October 31, 2024. Exposures PRS was computed by summing the effect estimates of well-known risk alleles from an existing genome-wide association study’s summary statistics using participants’ genetic arrays. TRAP exposure was estimated using dispersion models to calculate long-term exposure (10- or 15-year means with a 5-year lag) to traffic-related pollutants (represented by carbon monoxide [CO] levels) at participants’ residences. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was diagnosis of PD. Using multivariable logistic regression, PD risk was estimated from interactions between PRS (per SD) and TRAP exposure (per IQR), with joint effects based on low (quartiles 1-3) and high (quartile 4) exposure levels. Results A total of 1600 patients with PD (mean [SD] age, 65.1 [9.9] years; 990 [61.9%] male) and 1778 controls (mean [SD] age, 64.5 [10.3] years; 992 [55.8%] male) were included. Meta-analytical estimates suggest that both higher PRS and increased TRAP exposure increased PD risk, with an interaction effect estimate of 1.06 (95% CI, 1.00-1.12). Joint effect analysis indicated that individuals with both high PRS and high TRAP exposure were at greatest risk of PD (odds ratio, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.23-4.19) compared with the reference group with a low PRS and low TRAP exposure, suggesting a synergistic effect. Conclusions and Relevance In this gene-environment interaction study, a combination of long-term air pollution exposure and genetic susceptibility strongly contributed to the risk of developing PD. Widespread exposure to air pollution makes TRAP an important modifiable risk factor affecting large populations globally, particularly individuals with genetic vulnerability.
Impact of Vutrisiran on Functional Capacity and Quality of Life in Transthyretin Amyloidosis With Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Farooq H Sheikh, Gilbert Habib, W H Wilson Tang, Julian D Gillmore, Ugochukwu O Egolum, Simone Longhi, Chongshu Chen, Emre Aldinc, Marianna Fontana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
Effect of short, animated storytelling, conveying the lived experiences of a mother vs a father of a trans child, on transphobia among US parents: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: M. Adam, M. Greuel, S. Liu, J. R. Rogge, A. Martin, D. Amsalem
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2025)

Background Societal transphobia fuels alarmingly high rates of suicidality among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. Short, animated storytelling (SAS) videos, aimed at scaling the lived experiences of TGD youth and their families, have proven effective for reducing transphobia, while protecting the identities of the narrators. Prior research raises questions about whether gender-matching of the narrator and the viewer could impact the effectiveness of these interventions.
A Segregating Structural Variant Defines Novel Venom Phenotypes in the Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake
Authors: Pedro G Nachtigall, Gunnar S Nystrom, Emilie M Broussard, Kenneth P Wray, Inácio L M Junqueira-de-Azevedo, Christopher L Parkinson, Mark J Margres, Darin R Rokyta
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2025)

Abstract Of all mutational mechanisms contributing to phenotypic variation, structural variants are both among the most capable of causing major effects as well as the most technically challenging to identify. Intraspecific variation in snake venoms is widely reported, and one of the most dramatic patterns described is the parallel evolution of streamlined neurotoxic rattlesnake venoms from hemorrhagic ancestors by means of deletion of snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) toxins and recruitment of neurotoxic dimeric phospholipase A2 (PLA2) toxins. While generating a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-level genome assembly for the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), we discovered that our genome animal was heterozygous for a ∼225Kb deletion containing six SVMP genes, paralleling one of the two steps involved in the origin of neurotoxic rattlesnake venoms. Range-wide population-genomic analysis revealed that, although this deletion is rare overall, it is the dominant homozygous genotype near the northwestern periphery of the species' range, where this species is vulnerable to extirpation. Although major SVMP deletions have been described in at least five other rattlesnake species, C. adamanteus is unique in not additionally gaining neurotoxic PLA2s. Previous work established a superficially complementary north-south gradient in myotoxin (MYO) expression based on copy number variation with high expression in the north and low in the south, yet we found that the SVMP and MYO genotypes vary independently, giving rise to an array of diverse, novel venom phenotypes across the range. Structural variation, therefore, forms the basis for the major axes of geographic venom variation for C. adamanteus.
The spread of antibiotic resistance is driven by plasmids amongst the fastest evolving and of broadest host range
Authors: Charles Coluzzi, Eduardo PC Rocha
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2025)

Abstract Microorganisms endure novel challenges for which other microorganisms in other biomes may have already evolved solutions. This is the case of nosocomial bacteria under antibiotic therapy because antibiotics are of ancient natural origin and resistances to them have previously emerged in environmental bacteria. In such cases, the rate of adaptation crucially depends on the acquisition of genes by horizontal transfer of plasmids from distantly related bacteria in different biomes. We hypothesized that such processes should be driven by plasmids amongst the most mobile and evolvable. We confirmed these predictions by showing that plasmid species encoding antibiotic resistance are very mobile, have broad host ranges, while showing higher rates of homologous recombination and faster turnover of gene repertoires than the other plasmids. These characteristics remain outstanding when we remove resistance plasmids from our dataset, suggesting that antibiotic resistance genes are preferentially acquired and carried by plasmid species that are intrinsically very mobile and plastic. Evolvability and mobility facilitate the transfer of antibiotic resistance, and presumably of other phenotypes, across distant taxonomic groups and biomes. Hence, plasmid species, and possibly those of other mobile genetic elements, have differentiated and predictable roles in the spread of novel traits.
1-year follow-up of oral versus intravenous antibiotics in children and adolescents with uncomplicated bone and joint infections: a nationwide, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial in Denmark
Authors: Allan Bybeck Nielsen, Mette Holm, Paul Blanche, Tobias Nygaard, Ulrikka Nygaard
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2025)