tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor alterations and survival in veterans who develop metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Carley Pickett, Krishny Karunanandaa, Jason M Doherty, Isla Garraway, Matthew Rettig, Kara N. Maxwell, Martin W. Schoen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

269 Background: Despite the increasing use of comprehensive genetic tumor profiling, molecular data has limited influence in determining treatment. However, with new therapies that target the androgen receptor in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), molecular alterations in the androgen receptor signaling pathway have increasing importance. We sought to examine the association between androgen receptor (AR) alterations and overall survival in patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Methods: In this retrospective study, we identified patients diagnosed with de novo mHSPC and treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between 2017 to 2021 within the Veterans Health Affairs. AR gene alterations were identified using National Precision Oncology testing from samples collected within 90 days before or after the mCRPC diagnosis date. Overall survival (OS) and time to mCRPC were compared between patients with and without AR alterations in patients whose samples were collected during mCRPC. Normally distributed variables were analyzed via t-test, nonnormal continuous variables via Kruskal-Wallis, and categorical variables via chi-square. Results: We identified 2431 patients with de novo metastatic prostate cancer who had somatic tumor testing (551 mCRPC samples and 1922 mHSPC samples). In samples collected in mCRPC, 40.8% (225) had AR alterations compared to 3.3% (65) in mHSPC patients (p&lt;0.001). Of the mCRPC samples, 68.1% (375) were obtained via liquid biopsy, 74.2% (167) had a single AR alteration, and 25.8% (58) had two or more AR alterations (p&lt;0.001). The most frequent AR alterations identified were amplification (n=135), T878A (n=48), L702H (n=40), H875Y (n=27), exon 4-8 rearrangement or deletions (n=23), W742L (n=11), and W742C (n=11). In patients with mCRPC samples, time to mCRPC was 31.3 months in patients with AR alterations compared to 34.7 months without AR alterations, HR 1.08 (95% CI: 0.91-1.28) (p=0.4). In mCRPC samples with AR alterations, the median overall survival was 56.8 months compared to 76.7 months in patients without AR alterations, HR 1.40 (95% CI: 1.15-1.70) (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: There are significantly more AR alterations in tissue samples collected from de novo metastatic prostate cancer patients who have progressed to mCRPC compared to samples collected at mHSPC. In patients tested during mCRPC, presence of AR alteration was associated with shorter overall survival compared to those without AR alterations. Genomic analysis of tumors at the time of disease progression may be an informative prognostic indicator and facilitate selection of therapy. No AR alteration (n=326) AR alteration present (n=225) HR (95% CI) p-value Time to mCRPC (months) 34.7 31.3 1.08 (0.91-1.28) 0.4 Overall survival (months) 76.6 56.8 1.40 (1.15-1.70) &lt;0.001
Racial and ethnic disparities in urinary continence recovery post-prostatectomy.
Authors: Austin Drysch, Conor Driscoll, Adam B Murphy, Shilajit D. Kundu, David Victorson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

376 Background: Urinary incontinence is a common complication following prostatectomy, with continence recovery rates varying widely across the literature. While 12-month continence rates are consistently above 90%, disparities in short- and intermediate-term recovery rates exist. This study investigates the differences in overall urinary continence outcomes among Black, non-Black Hispanic, and non-Black non-Hispanic men within 12 months post-surgery. Methods: Data were collected from two sources: (1) men recruited in clinic from the Northwestern University Department of Urology as part of the URO-QOL study, an observational study of Quality Of Life (QOL), and (2) cross-sectional, retrospective data from an online health panel maintained by OP4G (Opinions 4 Good, http://op4g.com/). Eligible participants had clinically localized prostate cancer, were 18 years or older, and were able to read and speak English. Urinary continence outcomes were assessed within 12 months post-surgery using the American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUASS), Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 (EPIC-26), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Bladder (FACT-Bl). One-way ANOVA, as well as Chi-squared tests, were performed to assess differences in functional outcomes across racial and ethnic groups. Results: There were 417 patients total, with 57 (14%) Black men, 87 (21%) non-Black Hispanic men, and 273 (65%) non-Black non-Hispanic men.One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in overall AUA Symptom Score (p=0.0166) and EPIC-26 Urinary Symptom Score (p=0.00276), but not FACT-Bl Scores (p=0.253), between Black, non-Black Hispanic, and non-Black non-Hispanic men, with Black men demonstrating highest symptom burden across all three surveys (Table). Conclusions: Racial and ethnic disparities in urinary continence recovery following radical prostatectomy are evident, with Black men in particular experiencing worse outcomes compared to Hispanic and non-Black non-Hispanic men. While overall functional recovery improves within 12 months post-surgery, these disparities suggest a need for further investigation into underlying factors influencing these outcomes. Ultimately, targeted pre- and post-operative interventions such as pelvic floor muscle training may help mitigate the racial and ethnic disparities highlighted in this study. Univariate ANOVA analysis of summed scores of post-treatment urinary symptoms surveys. Overall Black Non-Black Hispanic Non-Black Non-Hispanic P-value AUASS Sum (mean) 21.40 23.32 22.95 20.48 0.0166* Category (mean) 2.556 2.737 2.628 2.494 0.0137* EPIC-26 Sum Urinary Symptom Responses (mean) 19.96 22.78 20.92 19.07 0.00179* Overall Urinary Symptom Score^ (mean) 50.584 42.644 48.109 53.053 0.00276* FACT- Bl Sum (mean) 8.856 9.302 9.076 8.678 0.253 *p&lt;0.05 denotes statistical significance. ^Lower EPIC-26 score represents higher symptom burden.
Modeling of a Bioengineered Immunomodulating Microenvironment for Cell Therapy (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2025)
Authors: Simone Capuani, Jocelyn Nikita Campa‐Carranza, Nathanael Hernandez, Corrine Ying Xuan Chua, Alessandro Grattoni
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)
PARP7 inhibits type I interferon signaling to prevent autoimmunity and lung disease
Authors: Devon Jeltema, Kennady Knox, Nicole Dobbs, Zhen Tang, Cong Xing, Antonina Araskiewicz, Kun Yang, Ivan Rodriguez Siordia, Jason Matthews, Michael Cohen, Nan Yan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Type I IFN (IFN-I) induce hundreds of antiviral genes as well as negative regulators that limit IFN-I signaling. Here, we investigate the family of 16 PARPs and find that 11 PARPs are ISGs, of which 8 PARPs inhibit IFN-I production. PARP7 is the most potent negative feedback regulator of IFN-I production. Using Parp7−/− and Parp7H532A/H532A mice, we show that PARP7 loss leads to systemic autoimmunity characterized by splenomegaly and increased autoantibodies and inflammatory cytokines. PARP7 loss also results in perivascular immune infiltration in the lung that forms tertiary lymphoid structures. Mechanistically, PARP7 inhibits multiple innate immune pathways in a cell-intrinsic and MARylation-dependent manner. PARP7 interacts with IRF3 through the catalytic domain and disrupts the IRF3:CBP/p300 transcriptional holocomplex required for IFN-I production. Irf3−/− or Irf3S1/S1 (transcription defective) or Sting−/− rescues Parp7H532A/H532A mouse autoimmunity and lung disease. Together, our study reveals physiological functions of PARP7 as a negative feedback regulator of IFN-I production that maintains immune homeostasis particularly in the lung.
Ambient Listening—Legal and Ethical Issues
Authors: I. Glenn Cohen, Julie Ritzman, Richard F. Cahill
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Matthew J. Duggan, MBA; Julietta Gervase, BA; Anna Schoenbaum, DNP, MS, RN-BC; William Hanson, MD; John T. Howell III, MD; Michael Sheinberg, MD; Kevin B. Johnson, MD, MS
Timing Ticagrelor—Risks of Rapid CABG Surgery
Authors: Bryant Fisher, Danny Chu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Using Pooled Registry Data to Assess Complication Risk by Breast Implant Type
Authors: Katherine Anne Rodby, Sonja Samant, Adeyemi A. Ogunleye
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Patient-Physician Language Concordance and Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Michael Reaume, Mathieu N. Labossière, Ricardo Batista, Stephanie Van Haute, Navdeep Tangri, Claudio Rigatto, Clara Bohm, Denis Prud’homme, Peter Tanuseputro, Lisa M. Lix
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Patients who live in minority language communities often receive health care services of lower quality and safety compared with patients who speak the majority language. Yet the outcomes associated with care provided by physicians who speak a patient’s primary language remain unknown. Objective To examine patient-physician language concordance and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among patients with hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study identified adults with self-reported hypertension in the Canadian Community Health Survey, a national survey that collects data from a representative sample of Canadians, from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2014. Respondents (excluding those living in Quebec) had their hospitalization and mortality records linked to their survey responses. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to May 2024. Exposures Respondents’ primary home language was defined using language spoken most often at home. Language spoken with a regular physician was used to measure patient-physician language concordance. Respondents who spoke to their regular physician in their primary home language were classified as having received language-concordant care, while all other respondents were classified as having received language-discordant care. Main Outcomes and Measures MACEs within 5 years of survey completion. Results Among the 124 583 patients included in this study, 114 239 (91.7%) spoke English, 4790 (3.8%) spoke French, 325 (0.3%) spoke an Indigenous language, and 5229 (4.2%) spoke an allophone (ie, other) language. The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 63.7 (14.8) years; 57.1% of the patients reported their sex as female. Very few respondents who spoke an Indigenous language at home (&amp;amp;lt;4.6%) received language-concordant care. For French-speaking patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of MACE between those who received language-concordant care and those who received language-discordant care (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.86-1.36). Allophone-speaking patients who received language-concordant care were 36% less likely to experience MACE (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51–0.80) compared with allophone-speaking patients who received language-discordant care. Conclusions and Relevance This retrospective cohort study found large disparities in both access to language-concordant care and risk of MACEs. These findings suggest that language-concordant care could potentially improve the health of individuals in minority language communities.
Risk of Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Survivors
Authors: Hsien-Yi Chiu, Ying-Ming Chiu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Importance Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) cause diffuse epidermal detachment and necrosis. Patients who survive the initial SJS/TEN episodes are affected by various sequelae. Objective To investigate the risks of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in SJS/TEN survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a nationwide population-based cohort study using data from Taiwan’s National Health Research Institute Database linked to the National Register of Death databases for 1998 to 2021. Survivors of SJS/TEN were identified and matched with non-SJS/TEN participants by age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 to June 2024. Exposure Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) or ischemic heart disease (IHD) after SJS/TEN survival. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of CVA and IHD morbidity and mortality after SJS/TEN survival. Results The CVA cohort included 10 571 SJS/TEN survivors (mean [SD] age, 56.1 [18.5] years; 5358 females [50.7%] and 5213 males [49.3%]). The IHD cohort included 11 084 SJS/TEN survivors (mean [SD] age, 56.6 [18.6] years; 5561 females [50.2%] and 5523 males [49.8%]). The Cox proportional hazards model and competing risk regression model showed that compared with non-SJS/TEN participants, patients with SJS/TEN had higher risks of cardiovascular morbidity (CVA: HR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.57-1.72] and subdistribution HR [sHR], 1.40 [95% CI, 1.33-1.46]; IHD: HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.51-1.65] and sHR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.26-1.38]) and death due to cardiovascular disease (CVA: HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.46-1.96; IHD: HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.32-1.82). The increased cardiovascular mortality risks peaked at 1 year after SJS/TEN and persisted for 4 to 7 years. Older survivors and survivors admitted to an intensive care unit at SJS/TEN diagnosis had significantly higher cardiovascular mortality risk. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, SJS/TEN had a lasting association with cardiovascular function after the acute phase. This suggests a need to mitigate the elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks among survivors. Further research using databases or registries with more comprehensive clinical data are needed to validate these results.
Understanding and Addressing the US Hospital Bed Shortage—Build, Baby, Build
Authors: Alexander T. Janke, Arjun K. Venkatesh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Richard K. Leuchter, MD; Benjo A. Delarmente, MD, PhD, MPP; Sitaram Vangala, MS; Yusuke Tsugawa, MD, PhD, MPH; Catherine A. Sarkisian, MD, MSHS
Maternal Immunization and the Implementation Gap—Strengthening Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infrastructure and Preparing for the Future
Authors: Naima T. Joseph, Geeta K. Swamy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Christine A. Blauvelt, MD; Molly Zeme, BA; Aishwarya Natarajan, BSc; Adrienne Epstein, MSc, PhD; Michelle E. Roh, MPH, PhD; Amayrani Morales, BA; Nadia Bourdoud, MPH; Valerie J. Flaherman, MD, MPH; Mary K. Prahl, MD; Stephanie L. Gaw, MD, PhD
Socioeconomic Differences in Vaccination Coverage After a Mandatory Vaccination Law, 1855-1900
Authors: Susanna Ukonaho, Virpi Lummaa, Michael Briga
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Mandatory vaccination is a major tool to combat increasing vaccine hesitancy. In principle, a vaccination law, ie, a mandatory vaccination law without exemptions, applies equally to everyone, but its effects across different socioeconomic groups (SEGs) remain unknown. Objective To examine the association of a vaccination law with vaccination coverage in different SEGs during 1855 to 1900. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study monitored 45 years (1855-1900) of Finland’s first vaccination campaign against smallpox to estimate the association of the 1883 vaccination law with vaccination coverage in infants (age &amp;amp;lt;1 year) across different SEGs. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to January 2024. Exposure A mandatory smallpox vaccination law for all children. Main Outcomes and Measures Vaccination status was determined from vaccination records and defined as receiving 1 dose of the smallpox vaccine. The primary outcome was the annual vaccination coverage in different SEGs and its change before vs after the vaccination law. Results A total of 40 008 children aged less than 1 year were included. The high SEG had high vaccination coverage, at a mean (SD) of 90% (49 percentage points), and the law was associated with halting its declining trend. For the middle SEG, the law was associated with a 26-percentage point increase in coverage, to a mean (SD) of 83% (50 percentage points). For the low SEG, the law had no association with vaccination coverage, which always remained below 35% (mean [SD]: prelaw, 26% [22 percentage points]; postlaw, 32% [23 percentage points]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, a historic vaccination law was not associated with increased vaccination in the SEG with the lowest vaccination coverage, emphasizing the need for additional interventions to increase vaccine uptake in low-coverage communities.
Emergency Clinician Buprenorphine Initiation, Subsequent Prescriptions, and Continuous Prescriptions
Authors: Annette M. Dekker, David L. Schriger, Andrew A. Herring, Elizabeth A. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance Rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated mortality in the US remain high. Treatment of OUD with buprenorphine reduces morbidity and mortality. There have been national efforts to expand buprenorphine initiation to the emergency department (ED), where many patients with low treatment access seek medical care. Adoption and trends of emergency clinician buprenorphine prescribing are unknown. Objective To describe emergency clinician buprenorphine initiation for OUD, subsequent prescriptions, and changes over time in California. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational retrospective study of buprenorphine prescriptions in the California Controlled Substance Utilization Review and Evaluation System (CURES) database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022. Any patient aged 18 to 79 years with a California zip code who filled a buprenorphine prescription in CURES and their California prescribers were eligible for inclusion. Exposure Buprenorphine prescription by an emergency clinician. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included (1) the number of patients prescribed buprenorphine; (2) the number of clinicians prescribing buprenorphine; (3) the number and characteristics of buprenorphine prescriptions; (4) the percentage of emergency clinician buprenorphine initiation prescriptions with subsequent linkage to a second prescription and continuous prescriptions, also reported as a continuation ratio; and (5) days and number of initiation prescriptions prior to continuous prescriptions. Results In this retrospective observational study, 345 024 patients received 3.8 million buprenorphine prescriptions from 21 099 clinicians in California from 2017 to 2022. The mean age of patients at the time of first buprenorphine prescription was 37 years; 8187 (67%) were male. Emergency clinicians increased from 2% (n = 78) to 16% (n = 1789) of buprenorphine prescribers in 2017 and 2022, respectively ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Buprenorphine initiation prescriptions by emergency clinicians increased from 0.1% (n = 53) to 5% (n = 4493) of all initiation prescriptions in 2017 and 2022, respectively ( P = .001). The continuation ratio for patients to receive a second prescription within 40 days of an ED initiation was 2.8 (10 823/3916). The continuation ratio for patients to start 180 days or more of continuous prescriptions within 40 days of ED buprenorphine initiation was 18.3 (10 823/593) and 9.1 within 1 year (5989/655 [2017-2021 data]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest increasing prescription of buprenorphine for OUD by California emergency clinicians from 2017 to 2022, with approximately 1 in 9 patients going on to receive continuous buprenorphine prescriptions within 1 year.
Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Data in Overdose Research
Authors: Nikki Kalani Apana, Megan Y. Gimmen, Kekoa Taparra
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal