tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Remote-controlled dexamethasone-duration on eye-surface with a micelle-magnetic nanoparticulate co-delivery system for dry eye disease
Authors: Qinxiang Zheng, Chaoxiang Ge, Kexin Li, Longxin Wang, Xiaoyu Xia, Xiao Liu, Rashid Mehmood, Jianliang Shen, Kaihui Nan, Wei Chen, Sen Lin
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat ocular surface diseases. However, regulating DEX duration in tears while preventing its absorption into the anterior chamber is critical for balancing its therapy effects and the side effects. In this study, a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-micelle (MC) co-delivery system (MMDS) was developed. The MC moiety in the MMDS served as the carrier for DEX and the MNP part endowed the MMDS with magnetic-responsive properties. To extend its residency, the MMDS was magnetically attracted by an external magnet after instilling, which acted as a precorneal drug-depot enabling a sustainable release of DEX in tears. With combination of magnet treatment, the topical instillation of MMDS@DEX significantly prolonged the DEX-retention in tears and increased the DEX-concentration in the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as concurrently reduced the DEX-level in the aqueous humor, when compared with the commercial DEX eye drop treatment. The combination of MMDS@DEX and magnet treatment exerted significantly better therapeutic effects against DED with smaller side effects than conventional treatments including DEX suspension, commercial DEX eye drops, as well as the MMDS@DEX treatment alone. The present work provided a new method for the effective delivery of DEX to ocular surface tissues while reducing its side effects, which will be beneficial to the treatments of a wide range of ocular surface diseases.
Inducible CXCL12/CXCR4-dependent extramedullary hematopoietic niches in the adrenal gland
Authors: Frederica Schyrr, Alejandro Alonso Calleja, Anjali Vijaykumar, Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz, Sandra Gebhard, Rita Sarkis, Charles Bataclan, Silvia Ferreira Lopes, Aurélien Laurent Jean-Charles Oggier, Laurence L de Leval, Cesar Nombela-Arrieta, Olaia M. Naveiras
Journal: Blood (2024)

Abstract Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic niche, which regulates HSPC quiescence, self-renewal, and commitment in a demand-adapted manner. Although the complex BM niche is responsible for adult hematopoiesis, evidence exists for simpler, albeit functional and more accessible, extramedullary hematopoietic niches. Inspired by the anecdotal description of retroperitoneal hematopoietic masses occurring at higher frequency upon hormonal dysregulation within the adrenal gland, we hypothesized that the adult adrenal gland could be induced into a hematopoietic-supportive environment in a systematic manner, thus revealing mechanisms underlying de novo niche formation in the adult. Here, we show that upon splenectomy and hormonal stimulation, the adult adrenal gland of mice can be induced to recruit and host functional HSPCs, capable of serial transplantation, and that this phenomenon is associated with de novo formation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α/leptin receptor (PDGFRα+/LEPR+/–)–expressing stromal nodules. We further show in CXCL12–green fluorescent protein reporter mice that adrenal glands contain a stromal population reminiscent of the CXCL12-abundant reticular cells, which compose the BM HSPC niche. Mechanistically, HSPC homing to hormonally induced adrenal glands was found dependent on the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis. Mirroring our findings in mice, we found reticular CXCL12+ cells coexpressing master niche regulator FOXC1 in primary samples from human adrenal myelolipomas, a benign tumor composed of adipose and hematopoietic tissue. Our findings reignite long-standing questions regarding hormonal regulation of hematopoiesis and provide a novel model to facilitate the study of adult-specific inducible hematopoietic niches, which may pave the way to therapeutic applications.
Deworming and micronutrient status by community open defecation prevalence: An observational study using nationally representative data from India, 2016–2018
Authors: Suman Chakrabarti, Sitara S. R. Ajjampur, Hugh Sharma Waddington, Avinash Kishore, Phuong H. Nguyen, Samuel Scott
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in India. Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are acquired by interaction with soil and water contaminated by human feces and lead to blood loss and poor micronutrient absorption. The current recommendation for control of STH-related morbidity is targeted deworming, yet little is known about the effectiveness of deworming on micronutrient status in varying sanitation contexts. Ranging between 1% and 40% prevalence across Indian states, open defecation (OD) remains high despite India's investments at elimination by promoting community-wide sanitation. This variation provides an opportunity to study the relationship between deworming, micronutrient status, and OD at-scale.
The cyclical cascade of HIV care: Temporal care engagement trends within a population-wide cohort
Authors: Jonathan Euvrard, Venessa Timmerman, Claire Marriott Keene, Florence Phelanyane, Alexa Heekes, Brian D. Rice, Anna Grimsrud, Peter Ehrenkranz, Andrew Boulle
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

The traditional HIV treatment cascade aims to visualise the journey of each person living with HIV from diagnosis, through initiation on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to treatment success, represented by virological suppression. This representation has been a pivotal tool in highlighting and quantifying sequential gaps along the care continuum. There is longstanding recognition, however, that this may oversimplify the complexity of real-world engagement with HIV services in settings with mature high-burden HIV epidemics. A complementary "cyclical" cascade has been proposed to represent the processes of disengagement at different points on the care continuum, with multiple pathways to re-engagement, although the feasibility of implementing this at scale has been uncertain. This study aimed to populate, refine, and explore the utility of a cyclical representation of the HIV cascade, using routine data from a high-burden HIV setting.
Fetal and Infancy Exposure to Phenols, Parabens, and Phthalates and Anthropometric Measurements up to 36 Months, in the Longitudinal SEPAGES Cohort
Authors: Marion Ouidir, Aminata H. Cissé, Jérémie Botton, Sarah Lyon-Caen, Cathrine Thomsen, Amrit K. Sakhi, Azemira Sabaredzovic, Sam Bayat, Rémy Slama, Barbara Heude, Claire Philippat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Outrunning the grim reaper: longevity of the first 200 sub-4 min mile male runners
Authors: Stephen Foulkes, Dean Hewitt, Rachel Skow, Douglas Dover, Padma Kaul, André La Gerche, Mark Haykowsky
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives To determine the impact of running a sub-4 min mile on longevity. It was hypothesised that there would be an increase in longevity for runners who successfully completed a sub-4 min mile compared with the general population. Methods As part of this retrospective cohort study, the Sub-4 Alphabetic Register was used to extract the first 200 athletes to run a sub-4 min mile. Each runner’s date of birth, date of their first successful mile attempt, current age (if alive) or age at death was compared with the United Nations Life Tables to determine the difference in each runner’s current age or age at death with their country of origin-specific life expectancy. Results Of the first 200 sub-4 min mile runners (100% male), 60 were dead (30%) and 140 were still alive. Sub-4 min mile runners lived an average of 4.7 years beyond their predicted life expectancy (95% CI 4.7 to 4.8). When accounting for the decade of completion (1950s, 1960s or 1970s), the longevity benefits were 9.2 years (n=22; 95% CI 8.3 to 10.1), 5.5 years (n=88; 95% CI 5.3 to 5.7) and 2.9 years (n=90; 95% CI 2.7 to 3.1), respectively. Conclusion Sub-4 min mile runners have increased longevity compared with the general population, thereby challenging the notion that extreme endurance exercise may be detrimental to longevity.
Baseline clinical and MRI risk factors for hamstring reinjury showing the value of performing baseline MRI and delaying return to play: a multicentre, prospective cohort of 330 acute hamstring injuries
Authors: Muhammad Ikhwan Zein, Milo J K Mokkenstorm, Marco Cardinale, Louis Holtzhausen, Rod Whiteley, Maarten H Moen, Guus Reurink, Johannes L Tol
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives Studies identifying clinical and MRI reinjury risk factors are limited by relatively small sample sizes. This study aimed to examine the association between baseline clinical and MRI findings with the incidence of hamstring reinjuries using a large multicentre dataset. Methods We merged data from four prospective studies (three randomised controlled trials and one ongoing prospective case series) from Qatar and the Netherlands. Inclusion criteria included patients with MRI-confirmed acute hamstring injuries (&lt;7 days). We performed multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis to assess the association of baseline clinical and MRI data with hamstring reinjury incidence within 2 months and 12 months of follow-up. Results 330 and 308 patients were included in 2 months (31 (9%) reinjuries) and 12 months (52 (17%) reinjuries) analyses, respectively. In the 2-month analysis, the presence of discomfort during the active knee extension test was associated with reinjury risk (adjusted risk ratio (ARR) 3.38; 95% CI 1.19 to 9.64). In the 12 months analysis, the time to return to play (RTP) (ARR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.00), straight leg raise angle on the injured leg (ARR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00), the presence of discomfort during active knee extension test (ARR 2.52; 95% CI 1.10 to 5.78), the extent of oedema anteroposterior on MRI (ARR 0.74; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96) and myotendinous junction (MTJ) involvement on MRI (ARR 3.10; 95% CI 1.39 to 6.93) were independently associated with hamstring reinjury. Conclusions Two clinical findings (the presence of discomfort during active knee extension test, lower straight leg raise angle on the injured leg), two MRI findings (less anteroposterior oedema, MTJ involvement) and shorter time to RTP were independently associated with increased hamstring reinjury risk. These findings may assist the clinician to identify patients at increased reinjury risk following acute hamstring injury. Trial registration numbers NCT01812564 ; NCT02104258 ; NL2643; NL55671.018.16
Polygenic Risk Score Modifies the Association of HbA1c With Hearing Loss in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese: The Dongfeng-Tongji Cohort
Authors: Yaling He, Zhichao Wang, Haiqing Zhang, Xuefeng Lai, Miao Liu, Liangle Yang, Yiquan Zheng, Meian He, Weijia Kong, Xiaomin Zhang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

Evidence regarding the modifying effect of the polygenic risk score (PRS) on the associations between glycemic traits and hearing loss (HL) was lacking. We aimed to examine whether these associations can be influenced by genetic susceptibility.
Honey vesicle-like nanoparticles protect aged liver from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Baolong Liu, Phuong Linh Nguyen, Han Yu, Xingzhi Li, Huiren Wang, Tram Gia Bao Nguyen, Prakash Kumar Sahoo, Meghna Sur, Jay Reddy, Sarah Sillman, Stephen D. Kachman, Bara Altartouri, Guoqing Lu, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Mahesh Pattabiraman, Jiujiu Yu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as the leading cause of liver failure and related death. Currently, no medication is specifically approved to treat NAFLD or NASH. Here we report that oral administration of honey vesicle-like nanoparticles (H-VLNs) to naturally aged mice protects the liver from NASH development. H-VLNs are dominantly taken up by Kupffer cells in the liver and suppress hepatic chronic inflammation and further development of fibrosis and nodule formation in aged mice. Besides their reported anti-inflammasome function, H-VLNs are found to inhibit the transcriptional activities of C-JUN and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-
The modern face of esophageal candidiasis in an oncology center: Correlating clinical manifestations, endoscopic grade, and pathological data in 323 contemporary cancer patients
Authors: Takahiro Matsuo, Ben S Singh, Sebastian Wurster, Ying Jiang, Manoop S Bhutani, Deyali Chatterjee, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)
Erratum. Identifying Preferred Features of Weight Loss Programs for Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Discrete Choice Experiment With 3,960 Adults in the U.K. Diabetes Care 2024;47:739–746
Authors: John Buckell, Caroline A. Mitchell, Kate Fryer, Carolyn Newbert, Alan Brennan, Jack Joyce, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Nicola Guess, Elizabeth Morris
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

In the article cited above, funding information was inadvertently omitted for authors Paul Aveyard and Susan A. Jebb. The following text has been added:
The UK doesn’t have a “sick note culture,” but it does have a broken benefits system
Authors: James Taylor
Journal: BMJ (2024)

The UK doesn't have a "sick note culture," but it does have a broken benefits systemThe government needs to stop demonising disabled people and tackle the barriers that prevent them from accessing work, says James Taylor James Taylor executive director of strategy, impact, and social changeThe government claims it's planning to tackle the rise in economic inactivity in the UK by cracking down on Britain's "sick note culture." 1 But for charities like Scope, who support disabled people to find suitable jobs, this assessment is entirely and infuriatingly off the mark.A "sick note" culture simply doesn't exist.Around a million disabled people in the UK want to work, but are unable to because of a number of barriers, such as discrimination from employers, difficulty getting the right support they need, and inflexible working practices.
Risk Assessment Models for Venous Thromboembolism in Medical Inpatients
Authors: Emmanuel Häfliger, Basil Kopp, Pauline Darbellay Farhoumand, Damien Choffat, Jean-Benoît Rossel, Jean-Luc Reny, Drahomir Aujesky, Marie Méan, Christine Baumgartner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Thromboprophylaxis is recommended for medical inpatients at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Risk assessment models (RAMs) have been developed to stratify VTE risk, but a prospective head-to-head comparison of validated RAMs is lacking. Objectives To prospectively validate an easy-to-use RAM, the simplified Geneva score, and compare its prognostic performance with previously validated RAMs. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study was conducted from June 18, 2020, to January 4, 2022, with a 90-day follow-up. A total of 4205 consecutive adults admitted to the general internal medicine departments of 3 Swiss university hospitals for hospitalization for more than 24 hours due to acute illness were screened for eligibility; 1352 without therapeutic anticoagulation were included. Exposures At admission, items of 4 RAMs (ie, the simplified and original Geneva score, the Padua score, and the IMPROVE [International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism] score) were collected. Patients were stratified into high and low VTE risk groups according to each RAM. Main Outcomes and Measures Symptomatic VTE within 90 days. Results Of 1352 medical inpatients (median age, 67 years [IQR, 54-77 years]; 762 men [55.4%]), 28 (2.1%) experienced VTE. Based on the simplified Geneva score, 854 patients (63.2%) were classified as high risk, with a 90-day VTE risk of 2.6% (n = 22; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.9%), and 498 patients (36.8%) were classified as low risk, with a 90-day VTE risk of 1.2% (n = 6; 95% CI, 0.6%-2.6%). Sensitivity of the simplified Geneva score was 78.6% (95% CI, 60.5%-89.8%) and specificity was 37.2% (95% CI, 34.6%-39.8%); the positive likelihood ratio of the simplified Geneva score was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03-1.52) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.28-1.18). In head-to-head comparisons, sensitivity was highest for the original Geneva score (82.1%; 95% CI, 64.4%-92.1%), while specificity was highest for the IMPROVE score (70.4%; 95% CI, 67.9%-72.8%). After adjusting the VTE risk for thromboprophylaxis use and site, there was no significant difference between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on the simplified Geneva score (subhazard ratio, 2.04 [95% CI, 0.83-5.05]; P = .12) and other RAMs. Discriminative performance was poor for all RAMs, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranging from 53.8% (95% CI, 51.1%-56.5%) for the original Geneva score to 58.1% (95% CI, 55.4%-60.7%) for the simplified Geneva score. Conclusions and Relevance This head-to-head comparison of validated RAMs found suboptimal accuracy and prognostic performance of the simplified Geneva score and other RAMs to predict hospital-acquired VTE in medical inpatients. Clinical usefulness of existing RAMs is questionable, highlighting the need for more accurate VTE prediction strategies.
Social Determinants of Health and Delivery of Rehabilitation to Older Adults During ICU Hospitalization
Authors: Snigdha Jain, Terrence E. Murphy, Jason R. Falvey, Linda Leo-Summers, John R. O’Leary, Emma Zang, Thomas M. Gill, Harlan M. Krumholz, Lauren E. Ferrante
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Older adults with socioeconomic disadvantage develop a greater burden of disability after critical illness than those without socioeconomic disadvantage. The delivery of in-hospital rehabilitation that can mitigate functional decline may be influenced by social determinants of health (SDOH). Whether rehabilitation delivery differs by SDOH during critical illness hospitalization is not known. Objective To evaluate whether SDOH are associated with the delivery of skilled rehabilitation during critical illness hospitalization among older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study linked with Medicare claims (2011-2018). Participants included older adults hospitalized with a stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data were analyzed from August 2022 to September 2023. Exposures Dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid, education, income, limited English proficiency (LEP), and rural residence. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was delivery of physical therapy (PT) and/or occupational therapy (OT) during ICU hospitalization, characterized as any in-hospital PT or OT and rate of in-hospital PT or OT, calculated as total number of units divided by length of stay. Results In the sample of 1618 ICU hospitalizations (median [IQR] patient age, 81.0 [75.0-86.0] years; 842 [52.0%] female), 371 hospitalizations (22.9%) were among patients with dual Medicare and Medicaid eligibility, 523 hospitalizations (32.6%) were among patients with less than high school education, 320 hospitalizations (19.8%) were for patients with rural residence, and 56 hospitalizations (3.5%) were among patients with LEP. A total of 1076 hospitalized patients (68.5%) received any PT or OT, with a mean rate of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.86-1.02) units/d. After adjustment for age, sex, prehospitalization disability, mechanical ventilation, and organ dysfunction, factors associated with lower odds of receipt of PT or OT included dual Medicare and Medicaid eligibility (adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.50-0.97]) and rural residence (adjusted odds ratio, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.48-0.87]). LEP was associated with a lower rate of PT or OT (adjusted rate ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.32-0.94]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings highlight the need to consider SDOH in efforts to promote rehabilitation delivery during ICU hospitalization and to investigate factors underlying inequities in this practice.
Share of Adult Suicides After Recent Jail Release
Authors: Ted R. Miller, Lauren M. Weinstock, Brian K. Ahmedani, Nancy N. Carlson, Kimberly Sperber, Benjamin Lê Cook, Faye S. Taxman, Sarah A. Arias, Sheryl Kubiak, James W. Dearing, Geetha M. Waehrer, James G. Barrett, Jessica Hulsey, Jennifer E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Although people released from jail have an elevated suicide risk, the potentially large proportion of this population in all adult suicides is unknown. Objective To estimate what percentage of adults who died by suicide within 1 year or 2 years after jail release could be reached if the jail release triggered community suicide risk screening and prevention efforts. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort modeling study used estimates from meta-analyses and jail census counts instead of unit record data. The cohort included all adults who were released from US jails in 2019. Data analysis and calculations were performed between June 2021 and February 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcomes were percentage of total adult suicides within years 1 and 2 after jail release and associated crude mortality rates (CMRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and relative risks (RRs) of suicide in incarcerated vs not recently incarcerated adults. Taylor expansion formulas were used to calculate the variances of CMRs, SMRs, and other ratios. Random-effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses were used to estimate suicide SMRs in postrelease years 1 and 2 from 10 jurisdictions. Alternate estimate was computed using the ratio of suicides after release to suicides while incarcerated. Results Included in the analysis were 2019 estimates for 7 091 897 adults (2.8% of US adult population; 76.7% males and 23.3% females) who were released from incarceration at least once, typically after brief pretrial stays. The RR of suicide was 8.95 (95% CI, 7.21-10.69) within 1 year after jail release and 6.98 (95% CI, 4.21-9.76) across 2 years after release. A total of 27.2% (95% CI, 18.0%-41.7%) of all adult suicide deaths occurred in formerly incarcerated individuals within 2 years of jail release, and 19.9% (95% CI, 16.2%-24.1%) of all adult suicides occurred within 1 year of release (males: 23.3% [95% CI, 20.8%-25.6%]; females: 24.0% [95% CI, 19.7%-36.8%]). The alternate method yielded slightly larger estimates. Another 0.8% of adult suicide deaths occurred during jail stays. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort modeling study found that adults who were released from incarceration at least once make up a large, concentrated population at greatly elevated risk for death by suicide; therefore, suicide prevention efforts focused on return to the community after jail release could reach many adults within 1 to 2 years of jail release, when suicide is likely to occur. Health systems could develop infrastructure to identify these high-risk adults and provide community-based suicide screening and prevention.
Permanent Procedures to Prevent Pregnancy in US Jumped After <i>Dobbs</i>
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

The number of young people who sought permanent contraception—such as tubal ligations or vasectomies—rose immediately after the US Supreme Court's decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization, researchers reported in JAMA Health Forum. The data came from US patients aged 18 to 30 years.
Preventing Suicide After Release From Incarceration—A Multisectoral Response
Authors: Stuart A. Kinner, Rohan Borschmann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Ted R. Miller, PhD; Lauren M. Weinstock, PhD; Brian K. Ahmedani, PhD; Nancy N. Carlson, PhD, LCPC; Kimberly Sperber, PhD; Benjamin Lê Cook, PhD; Faye S. Taxman, PhD; Sarah A. Arias, PhD; Sheryl Kubiak, PhD; James W. Dearing, PhD; Geetha M. Waehrer, PhD; James G. Barrett, PhD; Jessica Hulsey, BA; Jennifer E. Johnson, PhD