tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Risk Assessment Early After a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Derek V. Exner, Katherine M. Kavanagh, Michael P. Slawnych, L. Brent Mitchell, Darlene Ramadan, Sandeep G. Aggarwal, Catherine Noullett, Allie Van Schaik, Ryan T. Mitchell, Mariko A. Shibata, Sajad Gulamhussein, James McMeekin, Wayne Tymchak, Gregory Schnell, Anne M. Gillis, Robert S. Sheldon, Gordon H. Fick, Henry J. Duff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
The Use of Fibrin Glue in Sclerotherapy for Esophageal Varices: Preliminary Results of a Controlled Prospective Study
Authors: F. Rucktäschel, K. Ziegler, T. Zimmer
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

In a randomized prospective study 26 patients with esophageal varices were treated after a first bleeding episode with either fibrin or polidocanol, both strictly injected intravariceal. Treatments were repeated until obliteration of varices, based on endoscopic and endosonographic evaluation, was achieved. Fourteen patients were treated with polidocanol and 12 with fibrin. There were no significant differences in stage of liver disease between the two groups. Complete variceal obliteration was achieved in six patients treated with polidocanol (42.8%) and nine patients in the fibrin group (75%). An average of 4 treatments with polidocanol and 5.2 treatments with fibrin was necessary. During therapy with polidocanol 11 episodes of rebleeding occurred in six patients. In the fibrin group only one patient suffered from two episodes of rebleeding. Esophageal ulcers caused by sclerotherapy were observed in 56.1% of polidocanol treatments and 8.7% of fibrin treatments. In neither group were changes of laboratory values or thrombembolic complications observed. These preliminary results show that it is possible to achieve a higher rate of obliteration with fewer complications using fibrin than with polidocanol. Therefore, we propose treating acute esophageal variceal bleeding with fibrin, especially in all patients with a higher risk of complications.
A randomized comparison of the value of additional stenting after optimal balloon angioplasty for long coronary lesions
Authors: Patrick W. Serruys, David P. Foley, Martin-Jan Suttorp, Benno J.W.M. Rensing, Harry Suryapranata, Phillipe Materne, Arijan van den Bos, Edouard Benit, Angelo Anzuini, Wolfgang Rutsch, Victor Legrand, Keith Dawkins, Michael Cobaugh, Marco Bressers, Bianca Backx, William Wijns, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
His actions are the antithesis of heroism
Authors: A. Davis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

has a protective function.It protects the vulnerable from misinformation due to mistakes by or the ignorance of the informer, from pressure by those with malintent, from economically driven judg- ments on their future, and from much more.It also protects us, as doctors, from ourselves: our ignorance or arrogance, any temptation to cover up medical mistakes, our difficulty in asking for help from a colleague, overinvolvement with a patient that colours our judgment, our fatigue, or personal prejudice or bias about clinical or social conditions.It protects us from undue pressure by relatives weary of caring or who stand to gain financially.Managers cannot put pressure on us to clear those who are dying from our beds rapidly, and purchas- ers cannot question why we strive to provide qual- ity care to patients with a poor prognosis.
Abstract 3222: Long-Term Treatment with Eicosapentaenoic Acid Suppresses Ventricular Fibrillation in a Porcine Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction: In Vivo Analysis Using Monophasic Action Potential
Authors: Ryuji Tsuburaya, Satoshi Yasuda, Yoshitaka Ito, Takashi Shiroto, Kenta Ito, Masaaki Soma, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Danielle M. Henkel, Joseph F. Malouf, Heidi M. Connolly, Hector I. Michelena, Maurice E. Sarano, Hartzell V. Schaff, Christopher G. Scott, Patricia A. Pellikka
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 17722: Ventricular-Vascular Coupling Predicts Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Doxorubicin or Trastuzumab
Authors: Ashwin Murthy, Craig Alpert, Lola Luo, Benjamin French, Ted Plappert, Abigail Khan, Martin St. John Sutton, Amy Clark, Keerthi Gogineni, Kevin Fox, Susan Domchek, Angela DeMichele, Joseph R Carver, Bonnie Ky
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Doxorubicin and trastuzumab (Herceptin®) are used widely in the treatment of many cancers and have led to important survival gains, but carry a significant risk of cardiovascular (CV) m...
Tobacco Product Use Among Adults — United States, 2013–2014
Authors: S. Sean Hu, Linda Neff, Israel T. Agaku, Shanna Cox, Hannah R. Day, Enver Holder-Hayes, Brian A. King
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

While significant declines in cigarette smoking have occurred among U.S. adults during the past 5 decades, the use of emerging tobacco products* has increased in recent years (1-3). To estimate tobacco use among U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2013-2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS). During 2013-2014, 21.3% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day or some days, and 25.5% of U.S. adults used a tobacco product every day, some days, or rarely. Despite progress in reducing cigarette smoking, during 2013-2014, cigarettes remained the most commonly used tobacco product among adults. Young adults aged 18-24 years reported the highest prevalence of use of emerging tobacco products, including water pipes/hookahs and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Furthermore, racial/ethnic and sociodemographic differences in the use of any tobacco product were observed, with higher use reported among males; non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanics of other races(†); persons aged <45 years; persons living in the Midwest or South; persons with a General Educational Development (GED) certificate; persons who were single/never married/not living with a partner or divorced/separated/widowed; persons with annual household income <$20,000; and persons who were lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB). Population-level interventions that focus on all forms of tobacco product use, including tobacco price increases, high-impact anti-tobacco mass media campaigns, comprehensive smoke-free laws, and enhanced access to help quitting tobacco use, in conjunction with FDA regulation of tobacco products, are critical to reducing tobacco-related diseases and deaths in the United States.(§).
T1 Mapping for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocarditis Using CMR
Authors: Vanessa M. Ferreira, Stefan K. Piechnik, Erica Dall'Armellina, Theodoros D. Karamitsos, Jane M. Francis, Ntobeko Ntusi, Cameron Holloway, Robin P. Choudhury, Attila Kardos, Matthew D. Robson, Matthias G. Friedrich, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)

This study sought to test the diagnostic performance of native T1 mapping in acute myocarditis compared with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) techniques such as dark-blood T2-weighted (T2W)-CMR, bright-blood T2W-CMR, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. The diagnosis of acute myocarditis on CMR often requires multiple techniques, including T2W, early gadolinium enhancement, and LGE imaging. Novel techniques such as T1 mapping and bright-blood T2W-CMR are also sensitive to changes in free water content. We hypothesized that these techniques can serve as new and potentially superior diagnostic criteria for myocarditis. We investigated 50 patients with suspected acute myocarditis (age 42 ± 16 years; 22% women) and 45 controls (age 42 ± 14 years; 22% women). CMR at 1.5-T (median 3 days from presentation) included: 1) dark-blood T2W-CMR (short-tau inversion recovery); 2) bright-blood T2W-CMR (acquisition for cardiac unified T2 edema); 3) native T1 mapping (shortened modified look-locker inversion recovery); and 4) LGE. Image analysis included: 1) global T2 signal intensity ratio of myocardium compared with skeletal muscle; 2) myocardial T1 relaxation times; and 3) areas of LGE. Compared with controls, patients had significantly higher global T2 signal intensity ratios by dark-blood T2W-CMR (1.73 ± 0.27 vs. 1.56 ± 0.15, p < 0.01), bright-blood T2W-CMR (2.02 ± 0.33 vs. 1.84 ± 0.17, p < 0.01), and mean myocardial T1 (1,010 ± 65 ms vs. 941 ± 18 ms, p < 0.01). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis showed clear differences in diagnostic performance. The areas under the curve for each method were: T1 mapping (0.95), LGE (0.96), dark-blood T2 (0.78), and bright-blood T2 (0.76). A T1 cutoff of 990 ms had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 90%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. Native T1 mapping as a novel criterion for the detection of acute myocarditis showed excellent and superior diagnostic performance compared with T2W-CMR. It also has a higher sensitivity compared with T2W and LGE techniques, which may be especially useful in detecting subtle focal disease and when gadolinium contrast imaging is not feasible.
Long-Term Reverse Remodeling With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: David Verhaert, Richard A. Grimm, Chirapa Puntawangkoon, Kathy Wolski, Sabe De, Bruce L. Wilkoff, Randall C. Starling, W.H. Wilson Tang, James D. Thomas, Zoran B. Popović
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 2209: Velocity Vector Imaging in Evaluation of Subclinical Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients without Systemic and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Aylin Tugcu, Ozlem Yildirimturk, Yelda Tayyareci, I C Demiroglu, Saide Aytekin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

To evaluate regional right ventricular (RV) myocardial velocity, strain and strain rate alterations in newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients without systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension and to correlate OSA severity to RV dysfunction using Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI). The OSA group consisted of 27 obese patients who were found to have moderate-to-severe OSA, and the control group of 26 age and body mass index-matched healthy subjects who were found not to have OSA on their first polysomnographic testing. All subjects underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and conventional echocardiography to exclude systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Peak systolic myocardial velocities, strain and strain rates were determined at the basal and mid segments of RV free wall by VVI. Systemic and pulmonary artery pressures were within normal limits in both groups. Peak systolic myocardial velocities, strain and strain rates were significantly impaired in patients with OSA compared to controls (Table 1 ). The apnea hypopnea index (AHI) correlated strongly with all indices obtained by VVI (basal velocity: r=−0.563, p&lt;0.001; basal strain: r=−0.587, p&lt;0.001;basal strain rate: r=−0.372, p&lt;0.006, mid velocity: r=−0.559, p&lt;0.001, mid strain: r=−0.689, p&lt;0.001;mid strain rate: r=−0.658, p&lt;0.001). The structural consequences of OSA in the RV is influenced by the severity of AHI. These effects occur independently from obesity and systemic hypertension. VVI can accurately recognize and quantify abnormalities of RV function in these subgroup of patients. Table 1
Abstract 5573: Notch Signaling Enhances BMP2-induced Msx2 Gene Expression and Vascular Calcification
Authors: Takehisa Shimizu, Toru Tanaka, Tatsuya Iso, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2) and transcription factor Msx2, known as major regulators of osteoblastic differentiation, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Recent evidences indicate that Notch signaling regulates valve calcification and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined whether Notch signaling effects on BMP2-induced Msx2 gene expression and vascular calcification. Methods and Results: Treatment with either BMP2 or adenovirus expressing Notch intracellular domain (NICD), slightly induced the expression of the Msx2 gene in pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells and human aortic smooth muscle cells. Surprisingly, either NICD overexpression or stimulation by Notch ligands markedly augmented the Msx2 gene expression in the presence of BMP2, as well as other osteogenic genes expression. A knockdown of Msx2 expression using siRNA drastically attenuated synergistic ALP activity induced by BMP2 and NICD. Luciferase assay showed transcription activity of Msx2 promoter, which contains Smad binging elements (SBE) essential for BMP2 responsiveness, was synergistically enhanced by Notch ligands and BMP2 treatment, whereas this synergism was almost completely inhibited in the presence of Notch signaling blocker. Interestingly, DNA affinity precipitation assay revealed that NICD-RBPJK complex bound to Msx2 promoter very adjacently to SBE, which indicates that RBPJK-bound NICD might interact with Smads and this interaction might lead to enhanced BMP2 signaling and Msx2 expression. Correspondingly, OT11 cells, in which RBPJk expression was deficient, did not show increased Msx2 activation in response to BMP2 and Notch signaling. Conclusion: These results suggest that BMP2 and Notch signaling cooperatively promote osteogenic differentiation which may mediate vascular calcification in the development of atherosclerosis.
Clinical guidelines
Authors: E. West, J. Newton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Acute otitis media in childrenFewer children should be treated with antibiotics M ost general practitioners in Britain would treat a child with acute otitis media with antibiotics. 1 However, papers published recently in the BMJ cast doubt on the effectiveness of this policy. 2 3The authors concluded that antibiotics offer only limited benefits and that most children with acute otitis media can be managed without them.If justified, the authors' conclusions would have important implications for British general practice.Acute otitis media is one of the commonest childhood problems seen by general practitioners.Every year, about 10% of under 5 year olds and 3.5% of 5-15 year olds are seen by their general practitioner at least once with the condition.Hence, a typical general practitioner will see about 20 children with acute otitis media every year. 4 As there are more than 30 000 general practitioners in Britain, a more restricted role for antibiotics in the management of acute otitis media would lead to a substantial reduction in the prescribing of antibiotics.This in turn would result in fewer children experiencing the side effects of antibiotics and less likelihood of antibiotic resistance developing.The potential benefits of reduced antibiotic prescribing are clear, but are the authors of the two papers right to call for a more restricted role for antibiotics in the management of acute otitis media?Del Mar and colleagues carried out a meta-analysis of six randomised controlled trials. 2 They found no difference in the percentage of children who still had pain 24 hours after starting treatment (39% in the treatment group v 40% in the control group).However, after two to seven days, fewer children in the antibiotic group had pain than children in the placebo group (9.7% v 14.3%).Moreover, the risk of contralateral otitis media was also reduced by 43%.There was no significant difference in the prevalence of deafness at one month or in the percentage of children with recurrent acute otitis media.Del Mar et al concluded that the early use of antibiotics provides only modest benefits, with 17 children requiring treatment at first presentation to prevent one child experiencing pain at two to seven days.However, their meta-analysis had only limited power to show whether antibiotics had an effect on some important outcomes.Thus, some differences which may be clinically significant did not achieve statistical significance-for example, a 50% reduction in the risk of perforation of the ear drum and a 20% reduction in deafness at three months in those treated with antibiotics.Furthermore, all of the trials in the meta-analysis were too small to look at rare complications like mastoiditis and meningitis.
Oral Rapamycin After Coronary Bare-Metal Stent Implantation to Prevent Restenosis
Authors: Alfredo E. Rodriguez, Juan F. Granada, Máximo Rodriguez-Alemparte, Cesar F. Vigo, Juan Delgado, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Antonio Pocovi, Alfredo M. Rodriguez-Granillo, Daryl Schulz, Albert E. Raizner, Igor Palacios, William O’Neill, Grzegorz L. Kaluza, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Abstract MP004: Dietary Intakes of Saturated Fat and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Marcia Otto, David R Jacobs, Dariush Mozaffarian, Daan Kromhout, Alain G Bertoni, Christopher T Sibley, Jennifer A Nettleton
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Prospective studies have shown generally null associations between overall saturated fat consumption and CVD events. Understanding whether food sources of saturated fatty acids (SF) influence these relationships may help explain inconsistencies and provide insights as to underlying mechanisms. Objective and Hypothesis: We investigated associations between SF consumption from different major dietary sources (SF from each of meat, dairy, fats/oils, and plants) and CVD incidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We hypothesized that associations between SF and CVD incidence would be influenced by the food sources delivering SF. Methods: Participants 45–84 years of age at baseline (n = 5,209) were followed between 2000 and 2007. Dietary intake was assessed using a 120-item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for incident CVD (275 cases) across categories of energy-adjusted intakes of SF by food source. Energy density substitution models were used to estimate the effect of substituting a percentage of energy intake from a specific SF source for the same amount of SF from another source. All models were adjusted for demographics, behavioral and dietary confounders such as intakes of fruit and vegetables, fiber, trans-fat and PUFA. Results: After multivariable adjustment, each 1-g greater intake of meat SF corresponded to 5% higher risk of CVD (HR [CI] per 1-g: 1.05 [1.01– 1.10]). In contrast, each 1-g greater intake of dairy SF intake corresponded to 4% lower risk of CVD (HR [CI] per 1-g: 0.96 [0.93– 0.99]). Substituting 1% of energy from meat SF with energy from dairy SF was associated with a 14% reduction in CVD risk (HR [CI]: 0.86 [0.78–0.95]). The replacements of energy from meat SF with fats/oils SF or with plant SF did not show statistically significant impacts on relative estimates of CVD risk (HR [CI]: 0.93 [0.83–1.05] and 0.93 [0.59 to 1.46], respectively), and neither intake of fats/oils SF nor intake of plant SF was independently associated with CVD risk. Conclusion: These findings suggest that associations between SF and CVD may depend on known differences in type of saturated fatty acids contained in specific food sources or other non-SF constituents in these sources.
Basal ganglia pathology in schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia: an MRI quantitative study
Authors: A M Elkashef, R W Buchanan, F Gellad, R C Munson, A Breier
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the volumes of the caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus of 25 schizophrenic patients (17 men and eight women) and 26 age- and sex-matched comparison subjects (18 men and eight women). Schizophrenic patients had significantly larger right and left globus pallidus and right putamen volumes than comparison subjects. There were no significant differences between schizophrenic patients with and without persistent tardive dyskinesia in the volume of any of the three structures.
Abstract 3763: Standard-dose Statin Therapy Demonstrates Additional Effects In Diabetic Patients With Normal Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Sunao Kojima, Tomohiro Sakamoto, Akira Kitagawa, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Randomized trials established statins as an agent for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). We assessed the hypothesis that standard-dose statin therapy had a beneficial effect in diabetic CHD patients with normal cholesterol levels. Methods and Results: To evaluate the effect of statins after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on subsequent cardiovascular events, a prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint trial conducted from 2002 to 2004 at 55 hospitals in Japan. A total of 1,016 patients (301 patients with diabetes mellitus [DM] and 715 non-DM patients) whose total cholesterol levels ranged from 180 to 240 mg/dL was enrolled and randomly assigned to receive any available standard-dose statins within 96 hours after PCI. Clinical parameters were comparable between DM group and non-DM group. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were equally decreased after statin treatment in 2 groups (Table ). However, event rate for the primary end point was particularly lower in DM patients with statin treatment than those without statin treatment (Figure). Conclusions: Standard-dose statin therapy provides incremental clinical benefit in DM patients with normal cholesterol levels compared with that in non-DM patients. These data suggest that DM patients derive pleiotropic effect from statins, irrespective of lowering effect of LDL-C levels. Serial changes of LDL cholesterol levels
Abstract 3178: Permanent Improvement of Ejection Fraction after Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation in Patients with Aortic Stenosis and Deteriorated Left Ventricle.
Authors: Fabrice Bauer, Mathieu Lemercier, Mikael Mabru, Helene Eltchaninoff, Christophe Tron, Alain Cribier
Journal: Circulation (2007)