tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity During Pregnancy and Preterm Birth Among Women With Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Wanglong Gou, Congmei Xiao, Xinxiu Liang, Zelei Miao, Meiqi Shi, Yingying Wu, Sha Lu, Xuhong Wang, Yuanqing Fu, Wensheng Hu, Ju-Sheng Zheng
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Physical activity, as a modifiable factor, emerges as a primary intervention strategy for the prevention and management of gestational diabetes (GD). Among women with GD, the association of physical activity during pregnancy with preterm birth remains unclear. Objective To examine the association of accelerometer-derived physical activity metrics and patterns with preterm birth among women with GD. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study recruited pregnant women with GD in Hangzhou, China, from August 2019 to August 2023 as part of the Westlake Precision Birth Cohort study. Statistical analysis was performed between August and November 2023. Exposures Wearable accelerometer–derived physical activity metrics and patterns. Measurements of physical activity via wearable accelerometer were performed at a median (IQR) of 25.4 (24.6-26.6) weeks’ gestation. Main Outcomes and Measures Preterm birth was determined through the examination of delivery records. Incident preterm birth was defined as the delivery of infants before completing 37 weeks of gestation. Results Among the 1427 women meeting the inclusion criteria, the mean (SD) age was 31.3 (3.8) years, and there were 80 cases of preterm birth. An increase in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and the fraction of physical activity energy expenditure derived from MVPA exhibited an inverse association with preterm birth, with an odds ratio per 30 minutes of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.42-0.98) and an odds ratio per SD of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.55-0.88). In the dose-response analysis, there was a progressive decrease in the odds of preterm birth with increasing duration of MVPA per day, reaching a plateau at approximately 74 minutes per day. Furthermore, the findings indicated that active MVPA (MVPA ≥30 minutes per day), whether it was concentrated into a few days or followed a more regular pattern, had similar beneficial association with preterm birth. Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study, MVPA during pregnancy exhibited an inverse association with preterm birth among women with GD. Concentrated physical activity was associated with similar benefits in reducing preterm birth risk as regular physical activity.
A Call to Action for Revisiting Goals of Care Discussions With Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Erica C. Kaye
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Rosemarie Mastropolo, MD; Colin Cernik, MS; Hajime Uno, PhD; Lauren Fisher, MPH; Lanfang Xu, MS; Cecile A. Laurent, MS; Nancy Cannizzaro, BA; Julie Munneke, BA; Robert M. Cooper, MD; Joshua R. Lakin, MD; Corey M. Schwartz, MD; Mallory Casperson, MS; Andrea Altschuler, PhD; Lawrence Kushi, ScD; Chun R. Chao, PhD; Lori Wiener, PhD; Jennifer W. Mack, MD, MPH
Prenatal Tobacco Exposure, Brain Subcortical Volumes, and Gray-White Matter Contrast
Authors: Troy B. Puga, Gaelle E. Doucet, Grace E. Thiel, Elijah Theye, Hongying Daisy Dai
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy (MTDP) remains a major public health challenge. However, the complete spectrum of effects of MTDP is not fully understood.
Radiation Myelitis Risk After Hypofractionated Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Authors: Christopher B. Jackson, Lillian A. Boe, Lei Zhang, Aditya Apte, Lisa M. Ruppert, Justin M. Haseltine, Boris A. Mueller, Adam M. Schmitt, Jonathan T. Yang, W. Christopher Newman, Ori Barzilai, Mark H. Bilsky, Yoshiya Yamada, Andrew Jackson, Eric Lis, Daniel S. Higginson
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for spinal metastases improves symptomatic outcomes and local control compared to conventional radiotherapy. Treatment failure most often occurs within the epidural space, where dose is constrained by the risk of radiation myelitis (RM). Current constraints designed to prevent RM after spine SBRT are derived from limited data. Objective To characterize the risk of RM after spine SBRT and to update the dosimetric constraints for preventing it. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary cancer care center with patients treated for spinal metastases from 2014 to 2023. All included participants had undergone spine SBRT, had a minimum of 1-month follow-up with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a maximal cord dose to a voxel (Dmax) greater than 0 Gy, and no overlapping prior radiotherapy. In all, 2051 patients received SBRT to 2835 spinal metastases (levels C1-L2) during the study period. Exposures Three-fraction spine SBRT to a prescription dose of 27 to 36 Gy. Main Outcomes and Measures RM defined as radiographic evidence of spinal cord injury in the treatment field, classified as grade (G) 1 to G4 or G3 to G4 per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Multiple dosimetric parameters of the true spinal cord structure were assessed for an association with risk of RM to determine the important covariates associated with this toxicity. Results The analysis included 1423 patients (mean [SD] age, 61.6 [12.9] years; 695 [48.8%] females and 728 [51.1%] males) who received SBRT for 1904 spinal metastases. Among them, 30 cases of RM were identified, 19 of which were classified as G3 to G4. Two years after SBRT, the rate of G1 to G4 RM was 1.8% (95% CI, 1.2%-2.5%) and the rate of G3 to G4 RM was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.7%). The minimum dose to the 0.1 cm 3 of spinal cord receiving the greatest dose (D0.1cc) was the most important covariate on univariable cause-specific hazards regression for RM (for G3 to G4: hazard ratio, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.68-2.72; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). A true cord D0.1cc of 19.1 Gy and Dmax of 20.8 Gy estimated a 1.0% risk (95% CI, 0.3%-1.6% and 0.4%-1.6%, respectively) of G3 to G4 RM 2 years after SBRT. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study indicate that a cord (myelogram or MRI-derived) D0.1cc constraint of 19.1 Gy and a Dmax constraint of 20.8 Gy correspond with a 1.0% risk of G3 to G4 RM at 2 years.
Assessing the Risk of Radiation Myelitis in Hypofractionated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy—Tolerance Is in the Eye of the Beholder
Authors: Evangelia Katsoulakis, Daniel E. Spratt
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

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Rehabilitation Based on Cognitive Behavioral Model for Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Trudie Chalder
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Tom Farmen Nerli, MD; Joel Selvakumar, MD; Erin Cvejic, PhD; Ingar Heier, MD; Maria Pedersen, MD, PhD; Tone Langjordet Johnsen, PhD; Vegard Bruun Bratholm Wyller, MD, PhD
Value of HCC surveillance in a landscape of emerging surveillance options: Perspectives of a multi-stakeholder modified delphi panel
Authors: Amit G. Singal, Lisa Quirk, Justin Boike, Victoria Chernyak, Ziding Feng, Giamarqo Giamarqo, Fasiha Kanwal, George N. Ioannou, Sarah Manes, Jorge A. Marrero, Neil Mehta, Anjana Pillai, Nicholas J. Shaheen, Aasma Shaukat, Claude B. Sirlin, Elizabeth Verna, Sachin Wani, Andrea Wilson Woods, Ju Dong Yang, Neehar D. Parikh
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is recommended by liver professional societies but lacks broad acceptance by several primary care and cancer societies due to limitations in the existing data. We convened a diverse multidisciplinary group of cancer screening experts to evaluate current and future paradigms of HCC prevention and early detection using a rigorous Delphi panel approach. The experts had high agreement on twenty-one statements about primary prevention, HCC surveillance benefits, HCC surveillance harms, and the evaluation of emerging surveillance modalities. The experts agreed that current data have methodologic limitations as well as unclear generalizability to Western populations. Although a randomized clinical trial of surveillance versus no surveillance is unlikely feasible, they concurred that alternative designs such as a comparison of two surveillance modalities could provide indirect evidence of surveillance efficacy. The panel acknowledged the presence of surveillance harms, but concurred the overall value of surveillance appears high, particularly given a greater emphasis on benefits over harms by both patients and clinicians. The experts underscored the importance of a framework of measuring both benefits and harms when evaluating emerging surveillance strategies. The panel acknowledged performance metrics of emerging methods may differ from other cancer screening programs given differences in populations, including higher risk of cancer development and competing risk of morality, and differences in diagnostic workflow in patients at risk of HCC. These data provide insights into the perceived value of HCC surveillance in an era of emerging blood- and imaging-based surveillance strategies.
Roseburia intestinalis-derived butyrate alleviates neuropathic pain
Authors: Yanjun Jiang, Ziheng Huang, Wuping Sun, Jiabin Huang, Yunlong Xu, Yuliang Liao, Tingting Jin, Qing Li, Idy Hiu Ting Ho, Yidan Zou, Wenyi Zhu, Qian Li, Fenfen Qin, Xinyi Zhang, Shuqi Shi, Na Zhang, Shaomin Yang, Wenhui Xie, Songbin Wu, Likai Tan, Lin Zhang, Huarong Chen, Tony Gin, Matthew Tak Vai Chan, William Ka Kei Wu, Lizu Xiao, Xiaodong Liu
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Enhancing AI reliability: A foundation model with uncertainty estimation for optical coherence tomography-based retinal disease diagnosis
Authors: Yuanyuan Peng, Aidi Lin, Meng Wang, Tian Lin, Linna Liu, Jianhua Wu, Ke Zou, Tingkun Shi, Lixia Feng, Zhen Liang, Tao Li, Dan Liang, Shanshan Yu, Dawei Sun, Jing Luo, Ling Gao, Xinjian Chen, Ching-Yu Cheng, Huazhu Fu, Haoyu Chen
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Inability to express the confidence level and detect unseen disease classes limits the clinical implementation of artificial intelligence in the real world. We develop a foundation model with uncertainty estimation (FMUE) to detect 16 retinal conditions on optical coherence tomography (OCT). In the internal test set, FMUE achieves a higher F1 score of 95.74% than other state-of-the-art algorithms (92.03%-93.66%) and improves to 97.44% with threshold strategy. The model achieves similar excellent performance on two external test sets from the same and different OCT machines. In human-model comparison, FMUE achieves a higher F1 score of 96.30% than retinal experts (86.95%, p = 0.004), senior doctors (82.71%, p < 0.001), junior doctors (66.55%, p < 0.001), and generative pretrained transformer 4 with vision (GPT-4V) (32.39%, p < 0.001). Besides, FMUE predicts high uncertainty scores for >85% images of non-target-category diseases or with low quality to prompt manual checks and prevent misdiagnosis. Our FMUE provides a trustworthy method for automatic retinal anomaly detection in a clinical open-set environment.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Geo-Temporal Trends in Fentanyl Administration Routes Among Adults Reporting Use of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl When Assessed for Substance-Use Treatment — 14 U.S. States, 2017–2023
Authors: Yijie Chen, Xinyi Jiang, R. Matthew Gladden, Nisha Nataraj, Gery P. Guy, Deborah Dowell
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

During 2019-2023, U.S. overdose deaths involving fentanyl have more than doubled, from an estimated 35,474 in 2019 to 72,219 in 2023 (1).From 2020 to 2022, overdose deaths with only illegally manufactured fentanyl (IMF) detected and evidence of smoking IMF increased by 78.9%; deaths with evidence of injection decreased by 41.6% (2).Smoking, however, could not be linked specifically to IMF use when deaths involved multiple drugs (e.g., methamphetamine co-used with IMF).To characterize IMF administration routes among all persons who use IMF, with or without other drugs, IMF administration routes were examined among adults assessed for substance use treatment who used IMF during the past 30 days. Investigation and OutcomesThe National Addictions Vigilance Intervention and Prevention Program's Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV) tool* includes a convenience sample of adults aged ≥18 years assessed for substance-use treatment.CDC analyzed treatment assessments conducted between July 1, 2017, and June 30, 2023, which were restricted to 14 states † with at least 100 assessments reporting past 30-day IMF use (16,636) § and stratified by administration routes (swallowed, snorted or sniffed, smoked, and injected ¶ ).The percentage of persons reporting each administration route was calculated for * https://uprisehealth.com/resources/national-addictions-vigilance-interventionand-prevention-program-navipprotm-a-real-time-product-specific-publichealth-surveillance-system-for-monitoring-prescription-drug-abuse/ † Selected states with at least 100 assessments reporting past 30-day IMF use during July 2017-June 2023: Northeast: Massachusetts (3,692); Midwest: Michigan (1,026), Missouri (463), Indiana (186), and Ohio (130); South: Tennessee (6,200), Oklahoma (2,201), Maryland (1,248), Florida (250), Louisiana (198), West Virginia (127), and North Carolina (123); and West: Wyoming (409) and Colorado (383).§ The ASI-MV assessment asks persons completing the questionnaire, "In the past 30 days, estimate how many days you used street fentanyl."The definition of street fentanyl in the ASI-MV was "Street fentanyl (illegal fentanyl and carfentanil, sometimes combined with other drugs such as heroin or cocaine)."In this study, 2.6% of ASI-MV assessments were repeat assessments, indicating that they were completed by a unique person with a previous assessment within the 6-month period.¶ IMF administration routes are not mutually exclusive.A person can report more than one route in the survey, and the sum of proportions can exceed one.The injection category includes injection in the vein and the skin or muscle.
Surveillance of Human Adenovirus Types and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Reporting — United States, 2017–2023
Authors: Fatima Abdirizak, Amber K. Winn, Rishika Parikh, Heather M. Scobie, Xiaoyan Lu, Everardo Vega, Olivia Almendares, Hannah L. Kirking, Erica Billig Rose, Benjamin J. Silk
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are typically associated with mild respiratory illnesses, although severe disease and outbreaks in congregate settings occur.The National Adenovirus Type Reporting System (NATRS) is a passive, laboratory-based surveillance system that monitors trends in circulation of HAdV types in the United States.This report summarizes the distribution of HAdV types reported to NATRS during 2017-2023.During this 7-year period, 2,241 HAdV specimens with typing results were reported to NATRS.The number of specimens with HAdV typing results reported varied annually during 2017-2019 (range = 389-562) and declined during 2020-2023 (range = 58-356).During 2017-2023, six HAdV types (1-4, 7, and 14) accounted for 88.3% of typed specimens reported; 17.0% of specimens were identified as outbreak-related.An increase in type 41 reporting was associated with a hepatitis cluster during 2021-2022.Reporting to NATRS has declined since the COVID-19 pandemic, despite continued HAdV circulation reported through passive laboratory surveillance to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System.Enhanced participation in NATRS is needed to improve monitoring of circulating HAdV types.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: School-Based Surveillance of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Trends and Impact on School Attendance by Students and Staff Members — Missouri, Fall 2024
Authors: Olivia M. Almendares, Brittney Fritschmann, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Brian R. Lee, Chris Edens, Maureen Diaz, Brett Whitaker, Shannon Tilsworth, Janelle Porter, Nibha Sagar, Jennifer E. Schuster, Jennifer L. Goldman, Hannah L. Kirking
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) occur frequently in school students and staff members.These infections are mostly caused by respiratory viruses; however, some are caused by bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Primarily affecting young adults and school-aged children, M. pneumoniae typically causes mild upper respiratory infections, but can progress to a pneumonia commonly known as "walking pneumonia" (1).Currently, no vaccine is available to prevent M. pneumoniae infection.After a period of low incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, M. pneumoniae incidence increased in 2023.*Since spring 2024, CDC has reported increasing M. pneumoniae diagnoses in U.S. emergency departments, especially among children and adolescents (2).This report describes recent trends in M. pneumoniae activity observed in a school-based ARI surveillance program, including macrolide resistance in positive specimens.Macrolide resistance in M. pneumoniae infections might limit treatment options, potentially worsen patient outcomes, and facilitate the spread of resistant strains in community settings (3).This activity was reviewed by Children's Mercy Hospital and CDC, deemed not research, and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.† * The number of M. pneumoniae infections has varied over time, and infections might occur more frequently in summer and early fall.Cyclical peaks have been noted to occur every 3-7 years.
Comparison of Shared Class I HLA-bound Non-canonical Neoepitopes between Normal and Neoplastic Tissues of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tengyi Zhang, Betul Celiker, Yingkuan Shao, Jessica Gai, C. Mark Hill, Chunyu Wang, Lei Zheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Developing T cell or vaccine therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been challenging due to a lack of knowledge regarding immunodominant, cancer-specific antigens, as a scarcity of genomic mutation-associated neoepitopes characterizes PDAC and there are limited availability of effective approaches to discover them.
Learning from gender-diverse thriving among third-gender people in Juchitán, Mexico
Authors: Jessie V. Ford, Eli Coleman, Swagata Banik
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background In the Zapotec culture of Oaxaca (southern Mexico), muxe individuals are people assigned male at birth who describe themselves as a third gender sharing some characteristics of both men and women. While some studies find that they encounter discrimination, muxe individuals also report being valued, respected, and supported given their traditionally recognized third gender status and role within their culture, community and family. The city of Juchitán is the center of this indigenous culture and provides an excellent setting to study factors that combat stigma and give space for gender-diverse thriving with implications for transgender health and well-being.
“There’s hope and there’s a future for all of us”: co-design of a group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for trans young people (TAG TEAM)
Authors: Alessandra Chinsen, Jess Wilson, Michelle A. Tollit, Ken C. Pang, Carmen C. Pace, Timothy J. Cronin
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background Trans youth experience gender minority stress, which contributes to poor mental health outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated that group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions are effective in improving mental health and well-being in LGBTQ+ youth experiencing minority stress more broadly. At the same time, there is growing recognition of the importance of co-designing novel mental health interventions to improve their acceptability and relevance. Currently, there is a need for group CBT interventions that have been co-designed with trans youth to ensure such programs are tailored to their needs.
Systematic evaluation of methylation-based cell type deconvolution methods for plasma cell-free DNA
Authors: Tongyue Sun, Jinqi Yuan, Yacheng Zhu, Jingqi Li, Shen Yang, Junpeng Zhou, Xinzhou Ge, Susu Qu, Wei Li, Jingyi Jessica Li, Yumei Li
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is derived from cellular death in various tissues. Investigating the tissue origin of cfDNA through cell type deconvolution, we can detect changes in tissue homeostasis that occur during disease progression or in response to treatment. Consequently, cfDNA has emerged as a valuable noninvasive biomarker for disease detection and treatment monitoring. Although there are many methylation-based methods for cfDNA cell type deconvolution, a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of these methods has yet to be conducted.
Radiotherapy‐resistant prostate cancer cells escape immune checkpoint blockade through the senescence‐related ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein
Authors: Chenyi Shao, Yingyi Zhang, Hang Li, Jiajia Chen, Ting Huang, Jiaze Li, Simeng Wen, Sen Wang, Saijun Fan, Yu Zhao
Journal: Cancer Communications (2024)

Abstract Background The majority of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) exhibit intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) following radiotherapy (RT). This resistance is generally attributed to the limited antigen presentation of heterogeneous cells within tumors. Here, we aimed to isolate and characterize these diverse subgroups of tumor post‐RT to understand the molecular mechanisms of their resistance to ICB. Methods Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was used to profile senescent cancer cell clusters induced by RT in LNCaP cells. The expression and phosphorylation levels of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3‐related protein (ATR) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in clinical samples from patients with or without RT. Co‐immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, and Western blotting were used to measure the interactions between proteins. Xenograft experiments were performed to assess the tumor immune response in the mice. Results We identified a subset of PCa cells that exhibited resistance to RT, characterized by a reduced antigen presentation capability, which enhanced their ability to evade immune detection and resist cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4) blockade. scRNA‐seq revealed that the senescent state was a transient phase of PCa cells post‐RT, particularly in CTLA‐4 blockade treatment‐resistant cells. This state was marked by increased cytosolic ATR level. Cytosolic ATR phosphorylated CD86 in its cytosolic domain and enhanced the interaction between CD86 and its E3 ligase MARCH1 through electrostatic attraction. Depletion or inhibition of Atr increased the sensitivity to immune attack and improved responses to anti‐Ctla‐4 antibody treatment in a mouse model. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the activation of cytosolic ATR, which is associated with cellular senescence, impedes the effectiveness of combined RT and ICB treatments. This discovery may provide valuable insights for improving the efficacy of combined RT and ICB therapies in PCa.