tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve transfers for dysfunctions in central nervous system injuries: a systematic review
Authors: Yun-Ting Xiang, Jia-Jia Wu, Jie Ma, Xiang-Xin Xing, Jun-Peng Zhang, Xu-Yun Hua, Mou-Xiong Zheng, Jian-Guang Xu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The review highlights recent advancements and innovative uses of nerve transfer surgery in treating dysfunctions caused by central nervous system (CNS) injuries, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury (SCI), stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted regarding nerve transfer for restoring sensorimotor functions and bladder control following injuries of spinal cord and brain, across PubMed and Web of Science from January 1920 to May 2023. Two independent reviewers undertook article selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment with several appraisal tools, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and SYRCLE’s ROB tool. The study protocol has been registered and reported following PRISMA and AMSTAR guidelines. Results: 906 articles were retrieved, of which 35 studies were included (20 on SCI and 15 on brain injury), with 371 participants included in the surgery group and 192 in the control group. These articles were mostly low-risk, with methodological concerns in study types, highlighting the complexity and diversity. For SCI, the strength of target muscle increased by 3.13 of Medical Research Council grade, and the residual urine volume reduced by more than 100 ml in 15 of 20 patients. For unilateral brain injury, the Fugl-Myer motor assessment (FMA) improved 15.14-26 score in upper extremity compared to 2.35-26 in the control group. The overall reduction in Modified Ashworth score was 0.76-2 compared to 0-1 in the control group. Range of motion (ROM) increased 18.4-80° in elbow, 20.4-110° in wrist and 18.8-130° in forearm, while ROM changed -4.03°-20° in elbow, -2.08°-10° in wrist, -2.26°-20° in forearm in the control group. The improvement of FMA in lower extremity was 9 score compared to the pre-surgery. Conclusion: Nerve transfer generally improves sensorimotor functions in paralyzed limbs and bladder control following CNS injury. The technique effectively creates a “bypass” for signals and facilitates functional recovery by leveraging neural plasticity. It suggested a future of surgery, neurorehabilitation and robotic-assistants converge to improve outcomes for CNS.
Surgical margins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review
Authors: Yang Chen, Nian-Nian Zhong, Lei-Ming Cao, Bing Liu, Lin-Lin Bu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a prevalent and frequently recurring malignancy, often necessitates surgical intervention. The surgical margin (SM) plays a pivotal role in determining the postoperative treatment strategy and prognostic evaluation of HNSCC. Nonetheless, the process of clinical appraisal and assessment of the SMs remains a complex and indeterminate endeavor, thereby leading to potential difficulties for surgeons in defining the extent of resection. In this regard, we undertake a comprehensive review of the suggested surgical distance in varying circumstances, diverse methods of margin evaluation, and the delicate balance that must be maintained between tissue resection and preservation in head and neck surgical procedures. This review is intended to provide surgeons with pragmatic guidance in selecting the most suitable resection techniques, and in improving patients’ quality of life by achieving optimal functional and aesthetic restoration.
Gene count normalization in single-cell imaging-based spatially resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Lyla Atta, Kalen Clifton, Manjari Anant, Gohta Aihara, Jean Fan
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

Recent advances in imaging-based spatially resolved transcriptomics (im-SRT) technologies now enable high-throughput profiling of targeted genes and their locations in fixed tissues. Normalization of gene expression data is often needed to account for technical factors that may confound underlying biological signals.
A commentary on “complex causal association between genetically predicted 731 immunocyte phenotype and osteonecrosis: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis” (Int J Surg. 2024 Mar 18.)
Authors: Guang Tan, Qi Zhang, Xu Luo, Yanfei Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China Guang Tan, Qi Zhang and Xu Luo: These authors have contributed equally to this work. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Department of General Surgery, Dalian, Liaoning CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Yang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives License 4.0, which allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the author. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Laser Atherectomy as a Novel Revascularization tool in Chronic Venous Occlusion
Authors: Aubin Sandio
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

We describe a 66-year-old male who was complaining of worsening left leg sweeling and pain due to chronic bilateral common femoral venous occlusion due to prior abdominal surgery fifteen years ago. He was treated by endovascular intervention where novel endovascular recanalization of the ilio-femoral veins using balloon venoplasty with adjunctive use of Laser atherectomy safely and effectively was demonstrated.
All in One: Anomalous Coronary Arteries Arising from the Right Cusp
Authors: Khurram Arshad
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background: Coronary artery anomaly (CAA) refers to structural abnormalities affecting the coronary arteries and, in most cases, are rare congenital defects affecting almost 1% of the general population. These malformations can vary in presentation, ranging from benign variations to potentially life-threatening anomalies. Anomalous coronary arteries arising exclusively from the right coronary cusp (RCC) represent a rare occurrence with an estimated incidence of approximately 0.03-0.2% in the general population. Case Report: We are presenting a case of a 73-year-old male with a past medical history of coronary artery disease with prior coronary artery bypass surgery who came to the emergency department with chest pain. Given his ongoing symptoms, he was taken urgently to the Cardiac Cath Lab. He was found to have anomalous coronary arteries, all arising from the right coronary cusp. He has a chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery (RCA) at the proximal segment with the faint right to right collaterals coming from the RV branch, 100% circumflex occlusion, with the left anterior descending artery (LAD) coming off from the proximal RCA that was diffusely diseased but patent, he had an antegrade filling and competitive flow from the left internal mammary artery (LIMA). Conclusion: Understanding this anomaly's anatomical variations and potential hemodynamic consequences is crucial for accurate diagnosis, appropriate management, and optimizing patient outcomes. Management strategies for coronary artery malformation depend on the specific anatomical and functional characteristics and the presence or absence of symptoms. Treatment options may include medical management, lifestyle modifications, interventional procedures, or surgical intervention.
First description of a mixed Brugada pattern in inferior leads
Authors: Alejandro Jesús Bermejo Valdés
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Brugada Syndrome is a cardiac channelopathy closely related to lethal arrhythmias and sudden death in people without underlying structural pathology. The diagnosis is usually assumed with electrocardiographic patterns strictly limited to the right precordial leads, V1 or V2; but this is not so at all. In our article, we present the clinical case of a patient with a novel and different electrocardiographic presentation: the typical diagnostic pattern was presented in a lower lead of the electrocardiogram, and next to it, another pattern was presented in a contiguous lead. In addition, we propose the possible association of a structural pathology (non-compaction cardiomyopathy) with Brugada Syndrome, since both share a possible common genetic origin in the SCN5A gene.
Case Report of Type II Cardio- Cerebral Syndrome: Acute Ischemic Stroke followed by Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mohammed Habib
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

We report a case of a preterm infant who underwent transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with Amplatzer Piccolo device through the left femoral vein. During the procedure, a partially occluded inferior vena cava (IVC) with significant collateralization was noted. The catheter was negotiated using a coronary guide wire and the infant tolerated the procedure well. Interestingly, the infant had a normal IVC in prior radiological films. The cause of this acquired occluded IVC remained obscure.
VPExam and Virtual Care: Novel Cardiology Tools
Authors: James V. Cireddu
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Virtual Physical examination (VPExam) combines augmented reality guidance with Bluetooth stethoscopes and ECG to improve diagnostic accuracy of assessing volume status, auscultation, and arrythmia detection resulting in 84% modification of clinical management, 40% relative risk reduction in 30-day readmissions and a 56% relative risk reduction in 30-day mortality.
Hemodynamic features of chronic constrictive pericarditis and concomitant pleural disease: a case report
Authors: Pablo González Alirangues
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CP) is an uncommon form of heart failure in which a thickened and often calcified pericardium limits diastolic filling, ultimately reducing cardiac pump performance. Diagnosis can be challenging and may require integrating clinical data with meticulous echocardiographic assessment and cross-sectional cardiac imaging. If non-invasive testing is inconclusive, right heart catheterization remains the gold standard diagnostic test. Classic hemodynamic features of constrictive pericarditis may also be seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy and are often insufficient to establish the diagnosis. Therefore, the preferred hemodynamic criteria of CP include the finding of increased ventricular interdependence and intrathoracic and intracardiac pressure dissociation. However, the presence of concomitant pleural disease may interfere with the catheterization hemodynamics and decrease the accuracy of these criteria as we present in this case report.
Endoscopic ultrasonography in the assessment of physiological cardia in esophageal achalasia
Authors: O.M. Babii, N.V. Prolom, B.F. Shevchenko, M.V. Titova, S.O. Tarabarov, I.M. Adamska
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2024)

Background. Recently, to assess the physiological cardia in esophageal achalasia (EA), the method of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has been used, which combines the capabilities of two studies, endoscopic and ultrasound, in addition to traditional diagnostic methods, radiography and endoscopy, and allows detecting structural changes in the esophageal wall and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Objective: to determine the role of endoscopic ultrasonography in assessing the state of phy­siological cardia in esophageal achalasia. Materials and methods. In the Department of Digestive Surgery of the SI “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” in 2023–2024, according to the objectives of the study, 15 patients with EA and 20 practically healthy individuals (control group) were examined. All patients underwent X-ray and endoscopic examination of the oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and EUS. Results. Videoesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed changes characteristic of EA: dilation of the esophageal diameter (100.0 %), stagnant contents in the esophageal lumen (66.7 %), resistance to the passage of an endoscope through LES (86.7 %). X-ray revealed EA stage I in 13.3 % of cases by peristalsis and esophageal diameter, stage II — in 33.3 %, stage III — in 46.7 %, and stage IV — in 6.7 % of cases. When performing EUS, the esophageal hiatus was 19.29 mm (normal 23–36 mm); the eso­phageal wall thickness in the middle third was 6.76 mm (normal &lt; 3 mm); the LES wall thickness was 6.02 mm (normal &lt; 5 mm). To detect fibrotic changes in the esophageal and the LES wall, compression elastography was used. This method helped reveal a significant thickening of the internal circular muscle of the LES from 2.5 to 4.5 mm in 46.6 % of cases, and in 26.6 %, with EA stage III and IV, fibrotic changes were detected in the lower third of the esophageal wall. Conclusions. It has been found that EUS in EA answers questions that are not answered by traditional research methods, namely, it makes it possible to assess a number of parameters (thickness of the walls of the LES and the lower third of the esophagus, diameter of the esophageal hiatus) and identify structural changes (the presence of fibrosis), which significantly affects the choice of a method for a surgical correction of physiological cardia in EA.
Current positions regarding the diagnosis and screening of colorectal cancer and precancerous changes of bowel. Analysis of clinical cases
Authors: Yu.M. Stepanov, O.M. Vlasova, I.Y. Budzak
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2024)

The article deals with the problem of colorectal cancer and precancerous changes of bowel. Risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, directions for the prevention of colorectal cancer and precancer are considered. Three clinical cases of patients with bowel tumors and precancerous conditions are given and analyzed. The article places special emphasis on the need for timely detection of tumors and screening for colorectal cancer. Screening options are shown, each of the screening methods is analyzed. Screening algorithms based on the practical guidelines of different countries are given. The relevance and importance of the problem of colorectal cancer and precancerous changes are emphasized.
Holt-Oram Syndrome – A Case Report and a Short Review
Authors: Sudipta Mondal
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Holt-Oram syndrome also known as the heart-hand syndrome type 1, is an autosomal dominant rare congenital disorder, manifested as a conglomeration of various skeletal and cardiac abnormalities. The list of differential diagnoses of such abnormalities is extensive but careful examination can point towards a specific diagnosis even without genetic testing in a resource-limited country. We present a sporadic case of Holt-Oram syndrome with OS-ASD highlighting the diagnostic problem without genetic testing and discussing differentiating salient features of most of the syndromic associations.
Prevalence of glucometabolic abnormalities in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Without Previously Known Diabetes
Authors: Mohammed Habib
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background Patients with diabetes have an increased morbidity from acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to characterize the glucometabolic profile during the hospital phase of patients with acute coronary syndrome without known of diabetes mellitus Methods A total of 80 patients with acute coronary syndrome and no previous diagnosis of diabetes. Patients consecutively admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in cerrahpasa faculty of medicine - coronary care unit were included. Glucometabolic status evaluated by a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed 5-10 days after admission of an ACS. Plasma glucose was measured at fasting, 60 minutes and 120 minutes after glucose load. Results The mean age was 58±13 years. Based on the OGTT, they were defined as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 31, 39%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 28, %35), or diabetes (n = 21, %26). Conclusion The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism in patients with ACS is high. About 61% of the patients with ACS had undiagnosed impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, as determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. The test could easily be performed shortly after diagnosis of ACS in all patients.
Resolving the Dilemma on Continuous vs Intermittent β-Lactam Antibiotics in Sepsis
Authors: W. Joost Wiersinga, Michiel A. van Agtmael
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Discovery of <scp>ILC2</scp> extracellular traps and <scp>ILC2 ETosis</scp>: A novel feature of group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Yingjie Xu, Ruonan Zhou, Yiran Yang, Hanxiao Zhang, Yan Li, Xiaofeng Qin, Ye Cui, Chris J. Corrigan, Sun Ying, Wei Wang
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Figures S1–S2. Table S1. Video S1. Video S2. Data S1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Adults With Sepsis or Septic Shock
Authors: Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz, Naomi E. Hammond, Stephen J. Brett, Menino O. Cotta, Jan J. De Waele, Anthony Devaux, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Joel M. Dulhunty, Hatem Elkady, Lars Eriksson, M. Shahnaz Hasan, Ayesha Bibi Khan, Jeffrey Lipman, Xiaoqiu Liu, Giacomo Monti, John Myburgh, Emmanuel Novy, Shahed Omar, Dorrilyn Rajbhandari, Claire Roger, Fredrik Sjövall, Irene Zaghi, Alberto Zangrillo, Anthony Delaney, Jason A. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance There is uncertainty about whether prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics improve clinically important outcomes in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock. Objective To determine whether prolonged β-lactam antibiotic infusions are associated with a reduced risk of death in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock compared with intermittent infusions. Data Sources The primary search was conducted with MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 2, 2024. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials comparing prolonged (continuous or extended) and intermittent infusions of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction and risk of bias were assessed independently by 2 reviewers. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. A bayesian framework was used as the primary analysis approach and a frequentist framework as the secondary approach. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause 90-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and clinical cure. Results From 18 eligible randomized clinical trials that included 9108 critically ill adults with sepsis or septic shock (median age, 54 years; IQR, 48-57; 5961 men [65%]), 17 trials (9014 participants) contributed data to the primary outcome. The pooled estimated risk ratio for all-cause 90-day mortality for prolonged infusions of β-lactam antibiotics compared with intermittent infusions was 0.86 (95% credible interval, 0.72-0.98; I 2 = 21.5%; high certainty), with a 99.1% posterior probability that prolonged infusions were associated with lower 90-day mortality. Prolonged infusion of β-lactam antibiotics was associated with a reduced risk of intensive care unit mortality (risk ratio, 0.84; 95% credible interval, 0.70-0.97; high certainty) and an increase in clinical cure (risk ratio, 1.16; 95% credible interval, 1.07-1.31; moderate certainty). Conclusions and Relevance Among adults in the intensive care unit who had sepsis or septic shock, the use of prolonged β-lactam antibiotic infusions was associated with a reduced risk of 90-day mortality compared with intermittent infusions. The current evidence presents a high degree of certainty for clinicians to consider prolonged infusions as a standard of care in the management of sepsis and septic shock. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023399434
Changes in Physical Capacity and Some Physiological Variables in Patients with Heart Failure at 6 and 12 Weeks of a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Adrian González-Méndez
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Betancourt-Peña 1's article entitled: "Changes in physical capacity and some physiological variables in patients with heart failure at 6 and 12 weeks of a cardiac rehabilitation program", published in October 2021 in his journal, has been read with interest. He highlighted the usefulness of the sociodemographic characteristics of patients in the city of Cali, Colombia in the months of September to December 2017, in which it was evidenced that the sex with the highest participation was male, with a ratio of four out of five individuals. The most frequent regimen to which the participants were affiliated was the contributory one, the average left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the patients was 34.9 ± 1.4. The change in the absolute values of the weight and BMI variables was minimal during the 12 weeks of rehabilitation.
Levoatrial Cardinal Vein: A Rare Differential
Authors: Gaurav Kumar
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Levoatrial cardinal vein is a rare congenital anomaly characterised by an anomalous connection between left atrium or pulmonary veins and systemic veins. This abnormal connection is usually found in cases of left sided obstructive lesions. In this report we present a case of ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary hypertension. The suspicion of a levocardinal atrial vein was raised was on echocardiography and confirmed on computed tomography. A mulitimodality diagnostic approach is mandatory for the correct diagnosis and surgical repair of this anomaly as this can also be a contributing factor for causing severe pulmonary hypertension.