Abstract 1901: Applications of silicon quantum dots as biomarkers for cancer detection and treatment, emphasizing biocompatibility studies
Authors: Dorra Gargouri, Artjima Ounkaew, Xuyang Liu, David Antoniuk, Jonathan Veinot
Journal: Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) are emerging as advanced nanomaterials for cancer treatment and detection. SiQDs are an attractive alternative to organic dyes for biological labeling, offering tunable photoluminescence response and high resistance to photobleaching. In our hands, SiQDs possess tailorable surface chemistry, as well as stable size and surface chemistry dependent luminescent response spanning visible and near-infrared spectral regions with high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (approaching 85%). SiQDs are an enticing heavy-metal-free, non-toxic and biocompatible alternative to status quo QDs. Applied Quantum Materials Inc. (AQM) possesses world leading expertise to produce high-purity narrow size distribution SiQDs with custom surface modifications, including biomolecules (8 kDa to 150 kDa) for biology applications. We have performed a biocompatibility study that shows AQM SiQDs have achieved over 90% cell viability, even at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL after 24 h of incubation. In addition, we modified SiQDs to improve cancer cell uptake to enhance photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy under low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Using NIR laser irradiation, AQM SiQDs significantly reduced cancer cell viability, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and establishing SiQDs as effective photosensitizers for cancer therapy. SiQDs exhibited excellent photostability and minimal toxicity, outperforming organic dyes. Bioconjugation of SiQDs with biomolecules are proving to be powerful tools for cancer cell detection. This opens new possibilities for oncologists to select the most suitable therapy based on a comprehensive understanding of the cancer type and its progression. We are currently developing a liquid biopsy system for precision cancer management. Powered by SiQDs, this advanced diagnostic tool will enable automated blood analysis to identify and quantify rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with high sensitivity in blood patients. Working with our academic collaborators, we are addressing the complexities of brain tumor resection in glioblastoma. We synthesized a novel nanoscale material combining SiQDs with anti-cancer DNA aptamers for fluorescence-guided surgery. These SiQDs labeled aptamers will be validated on resected brain tumor samples and compared with pathological margin assessments. Additionally, the imaging potential of AptaSiQDs for primary and metastatic brain tumors will be evaluated in preclinical in vivo models. As we progress to in vivo studies, we will assess their cytotoxicity and biocompatibility in mice, aiming to expand their use in targeted drug delivery, imaging, and theranostics for personalized medicine. SiQDs are at the forefront of life sciences, offering diverse benefits, making them ideal for cancer diagnosis. Citation Format: Dorra Gargouri, Artjima Ounkaew, Xuyang Liu, David Antoniuk, Jonathan Veinot. Applications of silicon quantum dots as biomarkers for cancer detection and treatment, emphasizing biocompatibility studies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 1901.