tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notch2 Inhibition and Kidney Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Huiwen Ren, Chengsen Mu, Yuhan Wang, Yuanyuan Cheng, Yayan Hou, Yizhe Li, Na Liu, Zhuming Yin, Hui Xiong, Yupeng Chen, Tianxin Yang, Ying Yu, Yujun Shen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)

Background Notch signaling, a conserved mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, plays a crucial role in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation in a context-dependent manner. However, the specific contribution of Notch signaling to the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) remains unclear. Methods We investigated the changes in Notch signaling activity (Notch1–4) in the kidneys of autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD) patients and two ADPKD mouse models (early and late onset). Multiple genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to explore Notch2 signaling during kidney cyst formation in PKD. Results Notch2 expression was significantly increased in the kidney tissues of ADPKD patients and mice. Targeted expression of Notch2 intracellular domain (NICD2) in renal epithelial cells resulted in cyst formation and kidney failure in neonatal and adult mice. Mechanistically, Notch2/Hey2 signaling promoted renal epithelial cell proliferation by driving the expression of the ETS homologous factor (Ehf). Depletion of Ehf delayed NICD2 overexpression-induced cyst formation and kidney failure in mice. A gain-of-function mutation in exon 34 of NOTCH2 (c.6426dupT), which caused PKD in patients with Hajdu-Cheney syndrome, accelerated cell growth in cultured human renal epithelial cells by activating HEY2/EHF signaling. Finally, ablation of Notch2 or treatment of a kidney-targeting nanoparticle carrying the liposome (LIPO)/Notch2-siRNA complex, significantly suppressed renal cyst growth in early-onset ADPKD mice. Conclusions Notch2 signaling promoted kidney cyst growth, partially by upregulating Ehf expression, and targeting Notch2 might represent a promising therapeutic strategy to control cyst growth in ADPKD.
Rhinoconjunctivitis Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Asthma: A Longitudinal Clustering Analysis
Authors: Alkis Togias, Peter J Gergen, Andrew H Liu, Haejin Kim, Robert A Wood, George T O'Connor, Melanie Makhija, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M Kercsmar, Rebecca S Gruchalla, Carin Lamm, Leonard B Bacharier, Shilpa J Patel, James E Gern, Daniel J Jackson, Cindy Visness, Agustin Calatroni, William W Busse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)
Tranexamic Acid and Blood Transfusion in Liver Resection—Reply
Authors: Paul J. Karanicolas, Yulia Lin, Gordon Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uncovering Transcriptional Endotypes in Pediatric Asthma—A New Lens on Biomarker-Based Clinical Stratification
Authors: Jose Gomez, Gustavo Nino
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social Determinants of Health and Suicide-Related Outcomes
Authors: Peter Jongho Na, Jeonghyun Shin, Ha Rim Kwak, Jaewon Lee, Dylan J. Jester, Piumee Bandara, Jim Yong Kim, Christine Y. Moutier, Robert H. Pietrzak, Maria A. Oquendo, Dilip V. Jeste
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

Importance Preventing suicide is one of the top priorities in public health policy. Identifying key social determinants of health (SDOH) in suicide risk is critical for informing clinical practices, future research, and policy solutions to prevent suicide. Objective To examine the associations of SDOH with suicide-related outcomes. Data Sources Studies published before July 2023 were searched through PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Web of Science. The date of the search was August 4, 2023. Study Selection We included the most up-to-date meta-analyses reporting associations between SDOH and suicide-related outcomes. Data Extraction and Synthesis Three independent reviewers extracted data and conducted quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes of interest were suicide mortality, suicide attempt, and suicidal ideation. Results A total of 46 meta-analyses met inclusion criteria. For suicide mortality, justice system–involved individuals in the community, exposure to others’ and parental suicide, firearm accessibility, divorce, experience in foster care, release from incarceration, and midlife (age 35-65 years) unemployment were the SDOH with consistently strong effects. Individuals released from incarceration demonstrated a high prevalence of suicide mortality (114.5 per 100 000 persons). With regard to suicide attempt, experience of childhood abuse and maltreatment and sexual assault, gender and sexual minority status, and parental suicide mortality were the strongest risk factors. The prevalence of suicide attempt among homeless individuals (28.9%; 95% CI, 21.7%-37.2%) and incarcerated female youths (27%; 95% CI, 20%-34%) and adults (12.2%; 95% CI, 7.1%-17.2%) was high. For suicidal ideation, identification as bisexual and intimate partner violence in women were the strongest risk factors. The prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation in homeless individuals was 41.6% (95% CI, 28.6%-56.0%). Protective factors associated with reduced risk of suicide mortality were religious affiliation and being married. School connectedness showed protective associations against suicide attempt and suicidal ideation. Conclusions and Relevance Tailoring interventions and future research for identified priority subpopulations, such as justice system–involved individuals in the community, and implementing policy measures addressing the SDOH that showed strong associations with suicide mortality, attempts, and ideation, such as gun licensing requirements, are critical to counteracting social and environmental forces that increase suicide risk.
Sarcoidosis-Specific Cutaneous Lesion Distribution in Clinical Assessment for Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Michelle Sikora, Chinemelum Obijiofor, Angelo Osofsky, Lynn Liu, Soutrik Mandal, Kristen I. Lo Sicco, Avrom S. Caplan
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This case series explores the association between sarcoidosis-specific cutaneous lesions and cardiac sarcoidosis.
Cardiovascular Disease and Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis
Authors: Ivan Angelov, Allen M. Haas, Elizabeth Brock, Lingfeng Luo, Jing Zhao, Benjamin D. Smith, Sharon H. Giordano, Nicholas J. Leeper, Kevin T. Nead
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are the leading causes of mortality in the US. Large-scale population-based and mechanistic studies support a direct effect of CVD on accelerated tumor growth and spread, specifically in breast cancer. Objective To assess whether individuals presenting with advanced breast cancers are more likely to have prevalent CVD compared with those with early-stage breast cancers at the time of diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based case-control study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked databases from 2009 to 2020. The analysis was completed from May 2023 to August 2024. Participants were female patients aged at least 66 years diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Cases were matched with controls by breast cancer stage at diagnosis and propensity scores using factors known to be associated with delayed cancer diagnosis. Exposure Prevalent CVD prior to breast cancer diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome of interest was the odds of locally advanced (T3-4 or N+) or metastatic (M+) breast cancer status at diagnosis. Results The full analytic cohort included 19 292 matched individuals, with median (IQR) age 73 (70-79) years, of whom 1676 (8.7%) were Black and 16 681 (86.5%) were White; 9478 individuals (49.1%) had prevalent CVD. Propensity score–matched, multivariable-adjusted models found that individuals with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis had statistically significantly increased odds of prevalent CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17; P = .007). This association was observed among hormone receptor–positive (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03-1.19; P = .006) but not hormone receptor–negative (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.86-1.21; P = .83) breast cancer. ORs were directionally consistent when separately examining locally advanced (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.17; P = .02) and metastatic (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.94-1.54; P = .15) disease, among all receptor subtypes. Conclusions and Relevance This case-control study found that individuals with more advanced breast cancer at diagnosis were more likely to have prevalent CVD. This finding may be specific to hormone receptor–positive and ERBB2 -negative (formerly HER2 ) disease. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate interventions to improve patient outcomes, including personalized cancer screening.
Transplant-Free Salvage Therapy for Low-Risk Relapsed Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Bradford S. Hoppe, Sarah A. Milgrom, Lindsay A. Renfro, Yue Wu, Cindy L. Schwartz, Louis S. Constine, Kathleen M. McCarten, Kara M. Kelly, David Hodgson, Sharon M. Castellino, Frank G. Keller
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

This nonrandomized clinical trial reports outcomes for children with low-risk relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma treated with second-line chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy without autologous stem cell transplant.
Fields
Authors: Ash B. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (2025)

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Recombinant vs Egg-Based Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccination for Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Kevin W. McConeghy, H. Edward Davidson, David H. Canaday, Lisa Han, Kaleen Hayes, Rosa R. Baier, Yasin Abul, Elie Saade, Vince Mor, Stefan Gravenstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Influenza vaccination remains the most important intervention to prevent influenza morbidity and mortality among nursing home residents. The additional effectiveness of recombinant influenza vaccine vs standard dose vaccines was demonstrated in outpatient older adults but has not been evaluated in nursing home populations. Objective To compare hospitalization rates among residents in nursing homes immunized with a recombinant vs a standard dose egg-based influenza vaccine. Design, Setting, and Participants This pragmatic cluster randomized trial assessed nursing home residents 65 years or older residing in a US facility for 100 or more days before the start of influenza season (October 1). The study was conducted across the 2019 to 2020 and 2020 to 2021 influenza seasons and randomly assigned nursing homes 1:1 within blocks categorized by proportion of Black residents and prior resident hospitalization rates. Medicare claims data were used to evaluate resident-level hospitalization outcomes. Enrollment and allocation to treatment groups began on July 20, 2019. Data analysis began on January 1, 2021, with primary end points finalized June 30, 2024. Intervention Nursing homes were cluster randomized to vaccinate all residents with recombinant quadrivalent influenza vaccine (RIV4) or standard egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4). Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was respiratory-related hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included death and hospitalization due to any cause. Results A total of 144 565 person observations (mean [SD] age, 77.4 [13.1] years; 63.0% female) at 1078 nursing homes were included, with 72 005 residents in nursing homes randomized to provide RIV4 and 72 560 residents in nursing home randomized to provide IIV4. In total, 85.6% of the residents received influenza vaccination. Baseline resident characteristics were comparable across treatment groups. For the primary end point of respiratory-related hospitalizations, there were 1387 hospitalizations (1.9%) in the RIV4 group vs 1424 (2.0%) in the IIV4 group (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.62-2.17). Hospitalization rates by vaccine were similar for other hospitalization outcomes and death, overall, and by season and subgroups (gender, race, and comorbidities). Conclusions and Relevance In this cluster randomized trial of nursing homes, there was no significant difference between recombinant or standard dose vaccine for reducing hospitalizations associated with influenza illness. However, the COVID-19 pandemic restricting influenza activity along with poor vaccine match to circulating strains substantially limits the conclusions. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03965195
Transcriptomic Profiles in Nasal Epithelium and Asthma Endotypes in Youth
Authors: Molin Yue, Kristina Gaietto, Yueh Ying Han, Franziska J. Rosser, Zhongli Xu, Christopher Qoyawayma, Edna Acosta-Perez, Glorisa Canino, Erick Forno, Wei Chen, Juan C. Celedón
Journal: JAMA (2025)

T helper 2 (T2) cells and T helper 17 (T17) cells are CD4+ T cell subtypes involved in asthma. Characterizing asthma endotypes based on these cell types in diverse groups is important for developing effective therapies for youths with asthma.
What the Experiences of Young Persons Can Teach Us About Medical Aid in Dying for Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Brent Kious
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

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Outcomes of Importance to Patients Living With Cutaneous Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Emily Baumrin, Peter F. Cronholm, Matthew D. Kearney, Mlka Mengesha, Laura G. Cesar, Shimrit Keddem, Marilyn M. Schapira, Stephanie J. Lee, Alison W. Loren, Joel M. Gelfand
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Importance Cutaneous chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is independently associated with morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. However, the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) domains that are most important to patients are poorly understood. Objective To perform a concept elicitation study to define HRQOL in cutaneous chronic GVHD from the patient perspective and to compare experiences of patients with epidermal vs sclerotic disease. Design, Setting, and Participants A single-center qualitative analysis from open-ended, semistructured interviews and free-listing terms conducted between April and September 2023. Participants were 18 years or older with a diagnosis of active cutaneous chronic GVHD, purposefully sampled for epidermal and sclerotic disease features, with ongoing sampling until thematic saturation. Main Outcomes HRQOL domains and codes from patient perspectives of living with cutaneous chronic GVHD were identified by inductive analysis of semistructured interviews. Smith salience index (Smith S) score, a measure of saliency for each list term, was calculated from free-listing terms from deidentified patient interviews. Results A total of 31 adults with cutaneous chronic GVHD (median [IQR] age, 61.1 [52.9-68.7] years) participated in interviews; 17 participants (54.8%) were male and 14 (45.2%) were female. Nine participants (29.0%) had epidermal, 13 (41.9%) sclerotic, and 9 (29.0%) a combination of disease types. The study identified 40 codes of importance grouped within 5 HRQOL domains: skin changes and symptoms, social functioning, psychological and emotional functioning, physical functioning, and general health perceptions. The most frequent symptoms were dry skin (n = 20 [65%]), tight skin (n = 19 [61%]), itch (n = 15 [48%]), and discoloration (n = 14 [45%]), which were seen in all disease subtypes. Impairment in social functioning was noted by all participants. Psychological and emotional functioning, including frustration (Smith S score, 0.32) and worry or concern (Smith S score, 0.12), and symptoms including discomfort (Smith S score, 0.20) were the most salient to patients. Individual and environmental factors, such as social comparison, illness comparison with cancer, anatomic location of disease involvement, and disease duration, affected the relationship between skin changes and symptoms and downstream functioning and general health perceptions. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative analysis demonstrated the direct relationship between cutaneous chronic GVHD and HRQOL domains and identified codes not represented in existing GVHD- and dermatology-specific patient-reported outcome measures. These results can guide patient-reported outcome development and instrument selection for clinical trials and improve clinical decision-making.
Multi-Institutional Clinical Forensic Dermatology Training for Dermatology Residents
Authors: Maha Kazmi, Mehar Maju, Rubi Danielle Montejano, Ivan Rodriguez, Coleen Kivlahan, Herbert B. Castillo Valladares
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This survey study investigates the results of a multi-institutional clinical forensic dermatology training for residents.
Night Nurse at the Emporium
Authors: Michael Gessner
Journal: JAMA (2025)

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Sex Differences in the Effectiveness and Safety of Aspirin
Authors: Marko Lucijanic, Eugen Javor, Marko Skelin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

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