tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms Underlying Latent Disease Risk Associated with Early-Life Arsenic Exposure: Current Research Trends and Scientific Gaps
Authors: Kathryn A. Bailey, Allan H. Smith, Erik J. Tokar, Joseph H. Graziano, Kyoung-Woong Kim, Panida Navasumrit, Mathuros Ruchirawat, Apinya Thiantanawat, William A. Suk, Rebecca C. Fry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Millions of individuals worldwide, particularly those living in rural and developing areas, are exposed to harmful levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in their drinking water. Inorganic As exposure during key developmental periods is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including those that are evident in adulthood. There is considerable interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms that relate early-life iAs exposure to the development of these latent diseases, particularly in relationship to cancer.This work summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of cancer development in adulthood that is associated with early-life iAs exposure.Epigenetic reprogramming that imparts functional changes in gene expression, the development of cancer stem cells, and immunomodulation are plausible underlying mechanisms by which early-life iAs exposure elicits latent carcinogenic effects.Evidence is mounting that relates early-life iAs exposure and cancer development later in life. Future research should include animal studies that address mechanistic hypotheses and studies of human populations that integrate early-life exposure, molecular alterations, and latent disease outcomes.
Abstract 114: The Effectiveness of Ultra-Brief and Brief Educational Videos for Training Lay Responders in Hands-OnlyTM Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Implications for the Future of Citizen CPR Training
Authors: Bentley Bobrow, Tyler Vadeboncoeur, Daniel Spaite, Jerald Potts, Kurt Denninghoff, Vatsal Chikani, Paula Brazil, Bob Ramsey, Benjamin Abella
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but is often not performed. Hypotheses: Subjects viewing very short Hands-Only...
Direct Catheter-Based Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Petr Widimsky, Talip Asil, Mark Abelson, Boris Koznar, Abdurrahman Tasal, Johan Roos, Peter Vasko, Tomas Peisker, Cigdem Deniz, Jana Vavrova, Hatice Aylin Yamac, Ivana Stetkarova, Ahmet Bacaksiz, Nuray Kahraman Ay, Saffet Tuzgen, Marek Maly, Omer Goktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 15544: Rivaroxaban Compared with Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Diabetes: A Subgroup Analysis of the ROCKET AF Trial
Authors: Jonathan L Halperin, Zachary Bloomgarden, Anne Hellkamp, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Manesh Patel, Richard Becker, Gúnter Breithardt, Werner Hacke, Graeme Hankey, Christopher Nessel, Daniel Singer, Scott Berkowitz, Robert Califf, Keith Fox, Kenneth Mahaffey
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: In patients with nonvalvular AF enrolled in ROCKET AF, rivaroxaban was noninferior to warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism and caused less intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and fatal bleeding events. The prevalence of both AF and diabetes mellitus (DM) are rising, and the 2 commonly occur together, but the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in patients with DM and AF have not been described. Methods: We compared the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and warfarin in patients with (n=5635) and without (n=8508) DM enrolled in ROCKET AF. The primary efficacy outcome was the rate of stroke or systemic embolism; principal safety outcomes were the rates of major or non-major clinically relevant (NMCR) bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke. Results: In patients with DM randomized to rivaroxaban vs warfarin, rates of primary events (1.59 vs 2.15/100 pt-yrs) were similar to those in patients without DM (1.77 vs 2.16/100 pt-yrs; interaction p=0.60; Figure), and the same was true for rates of is...
Abstract 17146: Human Cardiosphere-Derived Cells From Advanced Heart Failure Patients Exhibit Augmented Functional Potency in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ke Cheng, Konstantinos Malliaras, Rachel R Smith, Agnieszka Blusztajn, Mick De Robertis, Baiming Sun, Linda Marbán, Lawrence Czer, Alfredo Trento, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Preclinical studies and an on-going clinical study (CADUCEUS) support the notion that cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) from normal and recently-infarcted hearts are capable of reducing scar size and boosting cardiac function. It is unknown whether CDCs from advanced heart failure patients retain the same functional benefit. Methods and Results: In a mouse model of acute MI, we compared the regenerative potential of CDCs derived from 3 groups (N=6 patients in each group): 1) Normal: healthy donor hearts post-transplantation; 2) Recent MI: patients who had an MI 17-27 days before biopsy; 3) HF: hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy explanted at cardiac transplantation. A control (PBS) injection group was included. MI was induced in SCID mice by LAD ligation and 10 5 CDCs were injected intramyocardially in the MI border zone. Echocardiographic images were analyzed independently in a blinded manner. The LVEFs two hours post-MI were comparable, indicating similar initial injury among groups. Over the 3 week time course, LVEF deteriorated in the Control group while all CDC-treated groups exhibited preservation of cardiac function. 3 weeks after treatment, the highest LVEF was seen in the mice that had received HF CDCs (HF: 37.1±10.1%; Recent MI: 27.6±9.8%; Normal: 27.0±9.2%; N=6 [patients]; n=19-24[mice]; p&lt;0.05 via One-way ANOVA with LSD post test). Flow cytometry revealed a somewhat larger fraction of c-kit+ cells in the HF CDCs (HF: 6.3±2.7%; Recent MI: 3.6±1.4%; Normal: 3.9±3.4%). Secretion of VEGF, HGF, IGF, and SDF-1 from cultured CDCs was measured by ELISA. Gene expressions of GATA-4, MEF2C, ZFRM1, FDR, HDAC2, ITA2a and LAMB1 were assessed by RT-PCR. Tube formation assay was performed as an indicator of angiogenesis. None of these in vitro CDC parameters differed significantly among groups nor did any strongly correlate with cardiac function in vivo . Interestingly, we detected a moderate positive correlation between patient age and cardiac function (R=0.4, p=0.07). Conclusions: Our data contradict the routine assumption that stem cells from younger donors without heart failure are superior for therapeutics. Indeed, CDCs from advanced heart failure patients exhibit augmented functional potency in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.
Persistence of blunted human growth hormone response to clonidine in fluoxetine-treated patients with panic disorder
Authors: J D Coplan, L A Papp, J Martinez, D Pine, L A Rosenblum, T Cooper, M R Liebowitz, J M Gorman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors determined the effects of antipanic treatment with fluoxetine on human growth hormone (GH) response to the alpha 2 agonist clonidine.Seventeen patients with panic disorder and 15 healthy volunteers were challenged with clonidine. Thirteen of the patients and 12 of the volunteers were given a second challenge with clonidine 12 weeks later. The patients received open fluoxetine and the healthy subjects received no treatment between challenges. Subjects with high baseline human GH levels (greater than 2 ng/ml) at the first and second challenges were excluded from further analysis.The patients with panic disorder (N = 13 for the first challenge and N = 9 for the second) had significantly lower human GH responses to clonidine than the healthy subjects (N = 14 during the first challenge and N = 9 for the second) during both challenges, despite clinical improvement in eight of the nine patients at the time of the second challenge.Blunted secretion of human GH in response to clonidine in patients with panic disorder persists despite clinical recovery.
Abstract 17402: Sleep Apnea Predicts the Extent of Myocardial Damage After Acute Myocardial Infarction Determined by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Stefan Buchner, Anna Satzl, Kurt Debl, Andreas Luchner, Okka W Hamer, Florian Poschenrieder, Ruth Obermeier, Michael Pfeiffer, Astrid Novak-Brandl, Astrid Braune, Günter Riegger, Michael Arzt
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) sleep apnea (SA) exposes the heart to repetitive oxygen desaturations and increased cardiac afterload. The relation between SA and the extent of myocardial infarct size has not been studied yet. The objective of this clinical evaluation was to test the hypothesis that SA is among known risk factors associated with larger infarct size in AMI patients, using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: We studied 24 patients with AMI who were successfully treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. All patients underwent polysomnography and delayed contrast-enhanced CMR was performed to define myocardial scar. Patients were stratified into two groups according to the infarct size. A large infarct size 3 months after AMI was defined as ≥24g assessed by CMR. To determine predictors of large infarct size we used multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, the mean infarct size was 23±12 g. The mean AHI was significantly higher in the greater infarct size group compared to the smaller infarct size group (37±8/hour vs 16±8/hour, p=0.02). Multivariate analysis including age, gender and time-to-reperfusion revealed that AHI was an independent risk factor (p=0.034) for greater infarct size (≥24 g). Conclusion: In addition to late or insufficient revascularisation SA predicts the development of a large myocardial scar three months after myocardial infarction.
Abstract 2287: Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch is an Independent Predictor of Short-Term Mortality Following Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Julien Magne, Patrick Mathieu, Jean G Dumesnil, Eric Charbonneau, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Recent studies have shown that prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) is associated with an increased incidence of pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure and with reduced long-term survival following mitral valve replacement (MVR). The objective of this study was to examine the effect of PPM on operative mortality following MVR. The indexed valve effective orifice area (EOA) was estimated for each type and size of prosthesis being implanted in 1049 consecutive patients undergoing MVR±CABG and used to define PPM as not clinically significant if &gt;1.2 cm 2 /m 2 , as moderate if &gt;0.9 cm 2 /m 2 and ≤1.2 cm 2 /m 2 and as severe if ≤0.9 cm 2 /m 2 . Moderate PPM was present in 56% of patients and severe PPM in 12%. The overall operative mortality (OM) was 7% (n=73) and 84% were from cardiac causes (n=61, 6% of the whole cohort). Patients with severe PPM had higher overall OM (14%, p=0.0003) as well as operative cardiac-related death (CRD) (12%, p=0.007) than patients with moderate (OM: 6%, CRD: 5%) or nonsignificant PPM (OM: 6%, CRD: 4%). On multivariate analysis, severe PPM was an independent predictor of overall OM (Odds-ratio [OR]= 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3– 4.8], p=0.0045) and of operative CRD (OR= 2.3 [95%CI: 1.1– 4.4], p=0.02). Among the subset of 703 patients undergoing isolated MVR (i.e. without concomitant CABG), patients with severe PPM also had higher overall OM (12%, p=0.0025) than patients with moderate (4%) or nonsignificant PPM (3%). Mitral PPM was also a powerful independent predictor of both overall OM (OR=4.8, 95%CI: 1.8 –12.1, p=0.0009) and operative CRD (OR=3.2, 95%CI: 1.03– 8.7, p=0.03) in this subset of patients. Severe PPM is a strong independent predictor of both overall operative mortality and cardiac-related death after MVR. Hence, the projected indexed EOA should be systematically calculated at the time of operation prior to prosthesis implantation and an effort should be made to implant prosthesis with a larger EOA in patients who are identified as being at risk of severe PPM
Personal Views: The tsunami and the dangers of goodwill
Authors: Andrew C K Lee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Following the tsunami in South Asia, there was, as would be expected, the rushing to the scene of a multitude of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), United Nations organisations, and other actors providing emergency relief. There was also a remarkable outpouring of public charity with massive funds being raised for the victims of the disaster. Many volunteers from abroad have independently inundated the afflicted areas. Although notable and well meaning, the public “goodwill” is not without its drawbacks.

In Sri Lanka, where I was dispatched with a relief agency, we found several issues for concern. Firstly, there were numerous foreign volunteer doctors operating makeshift clinics in the camps for the survivors. However well intended, the unregulated and uncoordinated activities of these health practitioners may serve to undermine rather than support the existing health systems in the affected countries. Several of the camps we surveyed received irregular and unpredictable visits by these independent volunteers. Follow-up was non-existent and the distribution of medication haphazard and non-uniform. Antibiotics had been prescribed liberally and it was not uncommon to find internally displaced persons who had received multiple drugs of unknown identity.​identity.




Figure 1



Aid, which has come rapidly, might dissipate just as quickly

Credit: SIPA PRESS/REX




Another concern was the distribution of relief—rarely was it equitable, proportionate, or tailored to the needs of those affected. Some observers were also concerned that the aid, which has come rapidly and voluminously, might, just like the tsunami, dissipate just as quickly.

Many of the key concerns on the ground for both NGOs and local authorities were in keeping with those identified in the World Health Organization's emergency strategy—namely, the need for coordination, disease surveillance, and outbreak mitigation, and the provision of essential health care to displaced people. Although it is appropriate to prioritise water and sanitation, shelter and food security in the post-emergency phase, it is probably also time now for all the major actors to consider the longer term needs. It is perhaps disappointing that nowhere in the WHO emergency strategy was the issue of mental ill-health addressed. The psychological trauma experienced by survivors will in time surface, and will need addressing in a culturally sensitive and appropriate manner.

While millions of dollars are raised for the tsunami victims, and the various humanitarian aid NGOs are awash with funds specific for the tsunami, other crises elsewhere in the world remain forgotten or overshadowed: Angola, Afghanistan, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo, to name but a few. It is essential that the massive outpouring of public goodwill is harnessed, but more importantly, that it is directed towards areas of greatest need and not just the latest media hotspot. Unmet needs remain both in the countries affected by the tsunami, and in many other countries that were not.
The heterogeneous scenario at the basis of RARβ2 epigenetic silencing and RA resistance in breast epithelial cells
Authors: Silvia Pozzi, Gaia Bistulfi, Giulia Somenzi, Mingqiang Ren, Nicoletta Sacchi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

1626 

Breast cancer cell lines and tumors are often resistant to the growth inhibitory effect of retinoic acid (RA). We recently demonstrated that functional inhibition of the RA receptor RARα in RA-sensitive breast (cancer) epithelial cells leads to epigenetic silencing of the RA receptor RARβ2 , which, in turn, leads to RA-resistance (Ren et al., Mol Cell Biol, 2005). Further, knock down of upper RARα transcriptional regulators apparently triggers a repressive domino effect that first silences RAR α and then RARβ2 . Induction of RARβ2 epigenetic silencing in non neoplastic human mammary epithelial cells leads to RA-resistance as well as loss of epithelial polarization. However, we also found evidence of non neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, which are RA-resistant and carry a silent RARβ2, still capable of undergoing epithelial cell polarization when grown in three-dimensional culture. These overall findings might indicate that non neoplastic epithelial cell morphology can be “dominant” over a RARβ2 epigenetic silent status, as we, and others, observed in breast tissue. This study was supported by the Roswell Park Alliance Foundation and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (DAMD17-02-1-0432) to NS.
Abstract 3268: Prognostic Value of Multi-slice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography in Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gabija Pundziute, Joanne D Schuijf, Wouter J Jukema, Eric Boersma, Albert de Roos, Ernst E van der Wall, Jeroen J Bax
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Objectives: Data on prognostic value of Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) coronary angiography are currently not available. The objective of the study was to determine the prognostic value of ...
Ex Vivo Generation Of Functional Plasmacytoid and Myeloid Dendritic Cells Is Strongly Promoted By The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonist Stemregenin 1
Authors: Soley Thordardottir, Hangalapura Basav N., Tim Hutten, Marta Cossu, Jan Spanholtz, Nicolaas PM Schaap, Timothy Radstake, Robbert van der Voort, Harry Dolstra
Journal: Blood (2013)
Clinical effects of early angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment for acute myocardial infarction are similar in the presence and absence of aspirin
Authors: Roberto Latini, Gianni Tognoni, Aldo P. Maggioni, MariaGrazia Franzosi, Eugenio Santoro, Colin Baigent, Zheng-Ming Chen, Rory Collins, Richard Peto, Peter Sleight, Eugene Braunwald, Marc Pfeffer, Marcus Flather, John Kjekshus, Lars Køber, Li-Sheng Liu, Wen Wang, Fabrizio Pizzetti, Karl Swedberg, Luigi Tavazzi, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Abstract 12151: Hepatic Overexpression of Idol Reduces Ldl Catabolism by Targeting Ldl Receptor to Proteasomal Degradation in Mice and Hamsters
Authors: Yoshio Terao, Makoto Ayaori, Maki Iizuka, Shunichi Takiguchi, Emi Yakushiji, Makoto Sasaki, Harumi Uto-Kondo, Kazuhiro Nakaya, Tomohiro Komatsu, Shunpei Horii, Masatsusne Ogura, Katsunori Ikewaki
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Inducible degrader of the LDL receptor (LDLR) (Idol), an E3 ubiquitin ligase for LDLR, reportedly targets LDLR to ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), whereby increasing LDL levels in mice. However, ...
Abstract 6273: Changes in Metabolic Parameters, Adiponectin, and High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in South Asian Women Migrating to the United States: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Anjali Arora, Aaditya Vora, Danny J Eapen, Bobby Khan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The incidence of cardiovascular disease in South Asian women is increasing, both in native and migrant populations. The reasons for this finding may be in part related to changes in lifestyle and alterations in cultural behavior. Methods: We studied 301 healthy women (average age 28) recently migrated to the United States from the South Asian countries of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka within 3 months of the time of arrival and at 3 years (31– 41 months) following their arrival. A questionnaire regarding activities pertaining to diet, physical activity, and socioeconomic status was performed. Measurements included changes in blood pressure (BP), total body weight, lipids, glucose, and determinations of high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) and adiponectin from frozen serum specimen at these time points. Results: In this diverse population, subjects reported an increase in food intake (including added salt and fat quantities) and no overall change in physical activity. Accordingly, there was a significant increase in total body weight after a 3 year period (119.7±14.4 to 127.9±15.3 pounds, p&lt;0.005). There was a significant increase in serum LDL cholesterol (103.8±17.6 to 111.0±15.9 mg/dl, p=0.018), triglycerides (136.1±25.3 to 157.5±20.0 mg/dl, p=0.023), and glycosylated hemoglobin (4.9±0.7 to 5.3±0.6%, p=0.029). Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose&gt;125 mg/dl) increased from 3.3 to 9.7% in the 3-year follow-up period. There was an increase in serum hsCRP (1.80±0.19 to 2.05±0.18 mg/l, p=0.010) and a decrease in serum adiponectin (10.8±0.9 to 9.5±1.0 mg/l, p=0.022) in these subjects. Conclusions: The population of South Asian women is at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Changes in lifestyle, including dietary intake and physical activity, affect parameters that may be crucial in the pathogenesis of these disease states.
Abstract 13053: Uncoupling of Glycolysis and Pyruvate Oxidation Plays a Key Role in the Maintenance of LV Function Under Chronic Pressure Overload
Authors: Motoaki Sano, Tomohiro Matsuhashi, Yoshinori Katsumata, Ken Shinmura, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Cardiac hypertrophy, induced by chronic pressure overload, is associated with increased rates of glycolysis and overall glucose utilization, but the rates of pyruvate oxidation do not ri...
Control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: Code of Practice 2000
Authors: None Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society
Journal: Thorax (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> The guidelines on control and prevention of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom have been reviewed and updated. <h3>METHODS</h3> A subcommittee was appointed by the Joint Tuberculosis Committee (JTC) of the British Thoracic Society to revise the guidelines published in 1994 by the JTC, including representatives of the Royal College of Nursing, Public Health Medicine Environmental Group, and Medical Society for Study of Venereal Diseases. In preparing the revised guidelines the authors took account of new published evidence and graded the strength of evidence for their recommendations. The guidelines have been approved by the JTC and the Standards of Care Committee of the British Thoracic Society. <h3>RECOMMENDATIONS</h3> Tuberculosis services in each district should have staffing and resources to fulfil both the control and prevention recommendations in this document and to ensure adequate treatment monitoring. Notification of tuberculosis is required for surveillance and to initiate contact tracing (where appropriate). The following areas are discussed and recommendations made where appropriate: (1) public health law in relation to tuberculosis; (2) the organisational requirements for tuberculosis services; (3) measures for control of tuberculosis in hospitals, including segregation of patients; (4) the requirements for health care worker protection, including HIV infected health care workers; (5) measures for control of tuberculosis in prisons; (6) protection for other groups with potential exposure to tuberculosis; (7) awareness of the high rates of tuberculosis in the homeless together with local plans for detection and action; (8) detailed advice on contact tracing; (9) contact tracing required for close contacts of bovine tuberculosis; (10) management of tuberculosis in schools; (11) screening of new immigrants and how this should be performed; (12) outbreak contingency investigation; and (13) BCG vaccination and the management of positive reactors found in the schools programme.