tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasonography-Guided Ethanol Injections of Small Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: a prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Kazuyuki Matsumoto, Hironari Kato, Takao Itoi, Masayuki Kitano, Kazuo Hara, Masaki Kuwatani, Mamoru Takenaka, REIKO ASHIDA, Shuntaro Mukai, Nozomi Okuno, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Tatsuhiro Yamazaki, Jun Sakurai, Yuki Nakatsuka, Michihiro Yoshida, Motoyuki Otsuka
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided ethanol injection (EI) has recently been introduced as one of the management strategies for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs). However, its role as a surgical alternative is unclear. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of EUS-EI in treating small PNENs through a prospective multicentre study.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for a rectal tumor behind a rectal fold with novel two-step utilization of a traction device
Authors: Yoshiaki Ando, Shunsuke Yoshii, Tomoki Michida, Ryu Ishihara
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can be challenging depending on the location of the lesion [1] [2]. A tangential endoscopic approach is key to success. Herein, we describe successfully performing ESD for a rectal cancer using a novel means of achieving a tangential endoscopic approach ([Video 1]).
Using a new, innovative “mixed reality” technology in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Yuki Ishikawa-Kakiya, Hirotsugu Maruyama, Kojiro Tanoue, Akira Higashimori, Shusei Fukunaga, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

An in-depth understanding of a patient's anatomy is important for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) provide two-dimensional images, individually converted into three-dimensional (3D) head images. Trainees may find it difficult to understand the 3D anatomical images of the pancreaticobiliary region by CT and/or MRCP and may not match the trainer's image. Innovative technology, known as "mixed reality," which combines virtual reality and the real world, is used medically [1] [2] [3]. Mixed reality enables the display of 3D holograms in real space and aids users to confirm the stereoscopic anatomy. Mixed reality has never been used in the endoscopic field. We report a case of ERCP performed using a mixed reality navigation system.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection combined with mini-probe endoscopic ultrasonography to remove a fishbone in the muscularis propria
Authors: Bin-Yang Luo, Zhu Wang
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Fishbones are a common gastric foreign body. Once they penetrate the gastric wall, endoscopic removal with forceps often fails. If the foreign body is located within the submucosa, dissecting along the submucosal layer aids in lesion identification and removal [1] [2]. However, when the foreign body has penetrated more deeply into the muscularis propria or beyond, a linear endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or laparoscopic approach may be required [3] [4]. We present a method combining endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with mini-probe EUS for deep foreign body retrieval.
Atrasentan in Patients with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Meg Jardine, Donald E. Kohan, Richard A. Lafayette, Adeera Levin, Adrian Liew, Hong Zhang, Amit Lodha, Todd Gray, Yi Wang, Ronny Renfurm, Jonathan Barratt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Patients with IgA nephropathy and severe proteinuria have a high lifetime risk of kidney failure. The efficacy and safety of the selective endothelin type A receptor antagonist atrasentan in reducing proteinuria in patients with IgA nephropathy are incompletely understood.
Efficacy and Safety of Ravulizumab in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Richard Lafayette, James Tumlin, Roberta Fenoglio, Jessica Kaufeld, Miguel Ángel Pérez Valdivia, Mai-Szu Wu, Shih-Han Susan Huang, Eric Alamartine, Sung Gyun Kim, Min Yee, Andreas Kateifides, Kara Rice, Katherine Garlo, Jonathan Barratt
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points This phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluated the complement C5 inhibitor, ravulizumab, in adults with IgA nephropathy. A 30.1% (90% confidence interval, 13.7% to 43.5%) relative reduction in proteinuria for ravulizumab versus placebo was observed at approximately 6 months. Treatment with ravulizumab was well tolerated. Background The complement system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. We present findings from a phase 2 trial of ravulizumab, a complement C5 inhibitor. Methods The Study of Ravulizumab in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis or IgA Nephropathy (NCT04564339) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ravulizumab in addition to standard of care. Adults with IgA nephropathy, proteinuria ≥1 g/d, and eGFR ≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and on stable renin-angiotensin blockade were randomized 2:1 to ravulizumab (intravenous every 8 weeks) or placebo for 26 weeks. From week 26–50, all participants received open-label ravulizumab. The primary end point was percentage change in proteinuria from baseline to week 26. Secondary end points included change in proteinuria at week 50 and eGFR. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. Results Forty-three patients were randomized to ravulizumab and 23 to placebo. At week 26, a statistically significant reduction in proteinuria was observed with ravulizumab versus placebo: −41.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], −50.2% to −32.0%) change in urine protein with ravulizumab and −16.8% (95% CI, −31.8% to 1.6%) change with placebo (30.1% treatment effect; P = 0.005). At week 50, there was a −44.8% (95% CI, −55.1% to −32.1%) change from baseline in urine protein with ravulizumab, and in patients who crossed over from placebo to ravulizumab at week 26, the change from baseline (week 0) to week 50 was −45.1% (−58.0% to −28.4%). The least squares mean change in eGFR from baseline to week 26 with ravulizumab was 0.2 (95% CI, −2.3 to 2.7) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 and with placebo was −4.5 (−7.9 to −1.1) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . From baseline to week 50, the least squares mean change in eGFR with ravulizumab was −3.9 (95% CI, −6.4 to−1.3) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , and in patients who crossed over from placebo to ravulizumab at week 26, it was −6.3 (−9.7 to −2.9) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 . Ravulizumab was well tolerated, with an adverse event profile similar to that for placebo. Conclusions An early, sustained, and clinically meaningful reduction in proteinuria and trend toward stabilization of eGFR were observed with ravulizumab versus placebo. A phase 3 trial (NCT06291376) is enrolling. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: Study of Ravulizumab in Proliferative Lupus Nephritis or IgA Nephropathy, NCT04564339.
Monkeypox clade IIb in France in 2023–2024
Authors: Mayda Rahi, Sebastien Fouere, Marie Gilbert, Antoine Bachelard, Fabien Taieb, Baptiste Sellem, Florian Herms, Charles Cazanave, Nadia Valin, Gentiane Monsel, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Jade Ghosn, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)
Early, Individualized Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Abinet M. Aklilu, Steven Menez, Megan L. Baker, Dannielle Brown, Katie K. Dircksen, Kisha A. Dunkley, Simon Correa Gaviria, Salia Farrokh, Sophia C. Faulkner, Charles Jones, Bashar A. Kadhim, Dustin Le, Fan Li, Amrita Makhijani, Melissa Martin, Dennis G. Moledina, Claudia Coronel-Moreno, Kyle D. O’Connor, Kyra Shelton, Kristina Shvets, Nityasree Srialluri, Jia Wei Tan, Jeffrey M. Testani, Celia P. Corona-Villalobos, Yu Yamamoto, Chirag R. Parikh, F. Perry Wilson, Anusha Sundararajan, Ashley Wang, Claire Schretlen, Doneisha S. Singel, Emily Moss, Frances Aune, Gianna Iantosca, Guangchen Zou, Irene Chernova, Jack Bitzel, Jeanine Hernandez, John P. Lindsley, Kathryn E. Dane, Marcelo Orias, Puja Mehta, Stephanie Zassman-Isner, Yumeng Wen, Natasha Freeman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication during hospitalization and is associated with adverse outcomes.
Advances in myocardial energy metabolism: metabolic remodeling in heart failure and beyond
Authors: Qiuyu Sun, Qutuba G Karwi, Nathan Wong, Gary D Lopaschuk
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

The very high energy demand of the heart is primarily met by ATP production from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, with glycolysis providing a smaller amount of ATP production. This ATP production is markedly altered in heart failure, primarily due to a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Although an increase in glycolytic ATP production partly compensates for the decrease in mitochondrial ATP production, the failing heart faces an energy deficit, that contributes to the severity of contractile dysfunction. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production dramatically changes in the failing heart, which depends to a large extent on the type of heart failure. A common metabolic defect in all forms of heart failure (including HFrEF, HFpEF, and diabetic cardiomyopathies) is a decrease in mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate originating from glucose (i.e. glucose oxidation). This decrease in glucose oxidation occurs regardless of whether glycolysis is increased, resulting in an uncoupling of glycolysis from glucose oxidation that can decrease cardiac efficiency. The mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in HFpEF and diabetic cardiomyopathies myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in HFrEF myocardial fatty acid oxidation either decreases or remains unchanged. The oxidation of ketones (which provides the failing heart with an important energy source) also differs depending on the type of heart failure, being increased in HFrEF, and decreased in HFpEF and diabetic cardiomyopathies. The alterations in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and glycolysis in the failing heart are due to transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in redox state, metabolic signaling, and posttranslational epigenetic changes in energy metabolic enzymes. Of importance, targeting the mitochondrial energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac function and cardiac efficiency in the failing heart.
Assessing the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on 1-Year Cancer Survival in the United States
Authors: Yoon Duk Hong, Nadia Howlader, Anne-Michelle Noone, Angela B Mariotto
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on health care delivery. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data to assess changes in 1-year relative survival and competing risk probabilities of cancer and non-cancer death for patients diagnosed in 2018 Q2 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 Q2 (pandemic). For all cancer sites combined, 1-year relative survival declined from 82.3% in 2018 Q2 to 77.5% in 2020 Q2, with the steepest declines seen in stomach, leukemia, and liver cancers. However, survival improved nearing pre-pandemic levels during 2020 Q3. Competing risk survival measures revealed that the decline in 1-year survival was driven by increases in both the probability of dying of cancer (rising from 15.4% to 19.2%) and of other causes, including COVID (rising from 3.8% to 5.2%). The pandemic led to significant declines in survival and increased mortality from both cancer and other causes for patients diagnosed in 2020 Q2.
Incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma based on risk stratification in steatotic liver disease for precision medicine: A real-world longitudinal nationwide study
Authors: Rongtao Lai, Scott Barnett, Xinrong Zhang, Leslie Yeeman Kam, Ramsey Cheung, Qing Xie, Mindie H Nguyen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Detailed subgroup incidence rates for steatotic liver disease (SLD)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are critical to inform practice and public health interventions but remain sparse. We aimed to fill in this gap.
Finerenone and Kidney Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: The FINEARTS-HF Trial
Authors: Finnian R Mc Causland, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L Claggett, Ian J Kulac, Akshay S Desai, Pardeep S Jhund, Alasdair D Henderson, Meike Brinker, Robert Perkins, Markus F Scheerer, Patrick Schloemer, Carolyn S P Lam, Michele Senni, Sanjiv J Shah, Adriaan A Voors, Faiez Zannad, Bertram Pitt, John J V McMurray, Scott D Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Long-Term Effects of Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: William G Herrington, Natalie Staplin, Nikita Agrawal, Christoph Wanner, Jennifer B Green, Sibylle J Hauske, Jonathan R Emberson, David Preiss, Parminder Judge, Doreen Zhu, Rejive Dayanandan, Ryoki Arimoto, Kaitlin J Mayne, Sarah Y A Ng, Emily Sammons, Michael Hill, Will Stevens, Karl Wallendszus, Susanne Brenner, Alfred K Cheung, Zhi-Hong Liu, Jing Li, Lai Seong Hooi, Wen Liu, Takashi Kadowaki, Masaomi Nangaku, Adeera Levin, David Z I Cherney, Aldo P Maggioni, Roberto Pontremoli, Rajat Deo, Shinya Goto, Xavier Rossello, Katherine R Tuttle, Dominik Steubl, Dan Massey, Martina Brueckmann, Martin J Landray, Colin Baigent, Richard Haynes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

In the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, had positive cardiorenal effects in patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression. Post-trial follow-up was designed to assess how the effects of empagliflozin would evolve after the discontinuation of the trial drug.
Solving the Inverse Problem of Electrocardiography for Cardiac Digital Twins: A Survey
Authors: Lei Li, Julia Camps, Blanca Rodriguez, Vicente Grau
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2024)

Cardiac digital twins (CDTs) are personalized virtual representations used to understand complex cardiac mechanisms. A critical component of CDT development is solving the ECG inverse problem, which enables the reconstruction of cardiac sources and the estimation of patient-specific electrophysiology (EP) parameters from surface ECG data. Despite challenges from complex cardiac anatomy, noisy ECG data, and the ill-posed nature of the inverse problem, recent advances in computational methods have greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of ECG inverse inference, strengthening the fidelity of CDTs. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the methods of solving ECG inverse problem, the validation strategies, the clinical applications, and future perspectives. For the methodologies, we broadly classify state-of-the-art approaches into two categories: deterministic and probabilistic methods, including both conventional and deep learning-based techniques. Integrating physics laws with deep learning models holds promise, but challenges such as capturing dynamic electrophysiology accurately, accessing accurate domain knowledge, and quantifying prediction uncertainty persist. Integrating models into clinical workflows while ensuring interpretability and usability for healthcare professionals is essential. Overcoming these challenges will drive further research in CDTs.
Decade-long insights into transperineal prostate biopsy in a West China population: temporal trend, targeted and repeat biopsies, and pathological characterization: a comparative study - retrospective cohort
Authors: Jinge Zhao, Diming Cai, Yuntian Chen, Jindong Dai, Xiang Tu, Junru Chen, Guangxi Sun, Xingming Zhang, Jiayu Liang, Xu Hu, Jin Yao, Haoyang Liu, Junjie Zhao, Mengni Zhang, Xueqin Chen, Zhenhua Liu, Ling Nie, Ni Chen, Pengfei Shen, Hao Zeng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Zhao, Jinge; Cai, Diming; Chen, Yuntian; Dai, Jindong; Tu, Xiang; Chen, Junru; Sun, Guangxi; Zhang, Xingming; Liang, Jiayu; Hu, Xu; Yao, Jin; Liu, Haoyang; Zhao, Junjie; Zhang, Mengni; Chen, Xueqin; Liu, Zhenhua; Nie, Ling; Chen, Ni; Shen, Pengfei; Zeng, Hao Author Information
Alternative Complement Pathway Inhibition with Iptacopan in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Vlado Perkovic, Jonathan Barratt, Brad Rovin, Naoki Kashihara, Bart Maes, Hong Zhang, Hernán Trimarchi, Dmitrij Kollins, Olympia Papachristofi, Severina Jacinto-Sanders, Tobias Merkel, Nicolas Guerard, Ronny Renfurm, Thomas Hach, Dana V Rizk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

The alternative complement pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Iptacopan specifically binds to factor B and inhibits the alternative pathway.
A genome-based survey of invasive pneumococci in Norway over four decades reveals lineage-specific responses to vaccination
Authors: Vegard Eldholm, Magnus N. Osnes, Martha L. Bjørnstad, Daniel Straume, Rebecca A. Gladstone
Journal: Genome Medicine (2024)

Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of mortality globally. The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced the incidence of the targeted serotypes significantly, but expansion of non-targeted serotypes, serotype replacement, and incomplete vaccine-targeting contribute to pneumococcal disease in the vaccine era. Here, we characterize the changing population genetic landscape of S. pneumoniae in Norway over a 41-year period (1982–2022). Methods Since 2018, all cases of invasive pneumococcal disease have undergone whole-genome sequencing (WGS) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. In order to characterize the changing population over time, historical isolates were re-cultured and sequenced, resulting in a historical WGS dataset. Isolates were assigned to global pneumococcal sequence clusters (GPSCs) using PathogenWatch and assigned to serotypes using in silico (SeroBA) and in vitro methods (Quellung reaction). Temporal phylogenetic analyses were performed on GPSCs of particular interest. Results The availability of WGS data allowed us to study capsular variation at the level of individual lineages. We detect highly divergent fates for different GPSCs following the introduction of PCVs. For two out of eight major GPSCs, we identified multiple instances of serotype switching from vaccine types to non-vaccine types. Dating analyses suggest that most instances of serotype switching predated the introduction of PCVs, but expansion occurred after their introduction. Furthermore, selection for penicillin non-susceptibility was not a driving force for the changing serotype distribution within the GPSCs over time. Conclusions PCVs have been major shapers of the Norwegian disease-causing pneumococcal population, both at the level of serotype distributions and the underlying lineage dynamics. Overall, the introduction of PCVs has reduced the incidence of invasive disease. However, some GPSCs initially dominated by vaccine types escaped the effect of vaccination through expansion of non-vaccine serotypes. Close monitoring of circulating lineages and serotypes will be key for ensuring optimal vaccination coverage going forward.
Low-Energy extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves locomotor functions, tissue regeneration and modulating the inflammation induced FGF1 and FGF2 signaling to protect damaged tissue in spinal cord injury of rat model: An experimental animal study
Authors: Chieh-Cheng Hsu, Kay LH Wu, Jei-Ming Peng, Yi-No Wu, Hou-Tsung Chen, Meng-Shiou Lee, Jai-Hong Cheng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that results in severe motor function impairments. Current therapeutic options remain limited, underscoring the need for novel treatments. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach for treating musculoskeletal disorders and nerve regeneration.
Bolus exposure as a novel predictor of postoperative symptom resolution after laparoscopic nissen fundoplication: A two-institutional retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suh Woo Jung, Inhyeok Lee, In Yeong Lee, Jeong Woo Kim, Ahmad Alromi, Won Jun Seo, Shin-Hoo Park, Yeongkeun Kwon, You-Jin Jang, Chang Min Lee, Jong-Han Kim, Joong-Min Park, Sungsoo Park
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Even in the absence of definite evidence of pathological acid reflux, antireflux surgery (ARS) can still effectively improve gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Nonetheless, predicting postoperative reflux symptom improvement has been primarily dependent on acid-based parameters. No objective index reflecting both acid and non-acid reflux was identified to select ARS candidates.
Integrating artificial intelligence in orthopaedic care and surgery: the revolutionary role of ChatGPT, as written with ChatGPT
Authors: Diane Ghanem
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon bDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA RUNNING TITLE: Artificial Intelligence in Orthopaedic Surgery Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this articles. *Corresponding author. Address: American University of Beirut Medical Center, Riad El Solh, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon. Tel.: +961 71 833 175. E-mail: [email protected] (D. Ghanem). Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery. Published online ■ ■ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Effect of a colorectal bundle in an entire health care region in Switzerland: Results from a prospective cohort study (EvaCol study)
Authors: B. Wiesler, R. Rosenberg, R. Galli, J. Metzger, M. Worni, M. Henschel, M. Hartel, C. Nebiker, C. T. Viehl, A. Müller, L. Eisner, M. Pabst, U. Zingg, D. Stimpfle, B. Müller, M. von Flüe, R. Peterli, L. Werlen, M. Zuber, J.-M. Gass, M. von Strauss und Torney
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Standardisation has the potential to serve as a measure to mitigate complication rates. The objective was to assess the impact of standardisation by implementing a colorectal bundle (CB), which comprises nine elements, on the complication rates in left-sided colorectal resections.
A Translational Study of the ATR Inhibitor Berzosertib as Monotherapy in Four Molecularly Defined Cohorts of Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Gregory M. Cote, Bose S. Kochupurakkal, Khanh Do, Andrea Bullock, Michael L. Cheng, Alona Muzikansky, Daniel E. McLoughlin, James M. Cleary, Xin Gao, Aparna Parikh, Jong Chul Park, Colin D. Weekes, Oladapo Yeku, Lee Zou, Geoffrey I. Shapiro
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Preclinical studies have identified molecular correlates of sensitivity to ATR inhibition. This translational study was designed to test the ATR inhibitor berzosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors carrying alterations in ATRX, ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), genes conferring replication stress (RS), or SDH.
Anlotinib plus TQB2450, a PD-L1 Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma: a single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Zhichao Tan, Yan Wu, Zhengfu Fan, Tian Gao, Wei Guo, Chujie Bai, Ruifeng Xue, Shu Li, Lu Zhang, Xinyu Wang, Ling Jia, Jiayong Liu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is an ultra-rare soft-tissue sarcoma with a high rate of metastasis and no established treatment. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of anlotinib (a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor) and TQB2450 (a PD-L1 inhibitor) in ASPS patients.