tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of Health, Cardiovascular Health, and Mortality in Sexual Minority Individuals in the United States
Authors: Danish Iltaf Satti, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Reed Mszar, Adhya Mehta, Yaa Adoma Kwapong, Raymond Ngai Chiu Chan, Olayinka Agboola, Erica S Spatz, Jared A Spitz, Khurram Nasir, Zulqarnain Javed, Jason A Bonomo, Garima Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
Secondary Prevention Medications in 17 Countries Grouped by Income Level (PURE)
Authors: Philip Joseph, Álvaro Avezum, Chinthanie Ramasundarahettige, Prem K Mony, Rita Yusuf, Khawar Kazmi, Andrzej Szuba, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Maria Luz Diaz, Afzal Hussein Yusufali, Sadi Gulec, Roya Kelishadi, Li Wei, Jephat Chifamba, Fernando Lanas, Thandi Puoane, Ambigga Krishnapillai, Sumathy Rangarajan, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
Long-Term Lipid Lowering With Evolocumab in Older Individuals
Authors: Samer Al Said, Michelle L O'Donoghue, Xinhui Ran, Sabina A Murphy, Dan Atar, Anthony Keech, Jose H Flores-Arredondo, Bei Wang, Marc S Sabatine, Robert P Giugliano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
A novel decomposer-exploiter interaction framework of plant residue microbial decomposition
Authors: Youzhi Miao, Wei Wang, Huanhuan Xu, Yanwei Xia, Qingxin Gong, Zhihui Xu, Nan Zhang, Weibing Xun, Qirong Shen, Ruifu Zhang
Journal: Genome biology (2025)

Plant residue microbial decomposition, subject to significant environmental regulation, represents a crucial ecological process shaping and cycling the largest terrestrial soil organic carbon pool. However, the fundamental understanding of the functional dynamics and interactions between the principal participants, fungi and bacteria, in natural habitats remains limited. In this study, the evolution of fungal and bacterial communities and their functional interactions were elucidated during the degradation of complexity-gradient plant residues. The results reveal that with increasing residue complexity, fungi exhibit heightened adaptability, while bacterial richness declines sharply. The differential functional evolution of fungi and bacteria is driven by residue complexity but follows distinct trajectories. Fundamentally, fungi evolve towards promoting plant residue degradation and so consistently act as the dominant decomposers. Conversely, bacteria predominantly increase expression of genes of glycosidases to exploit fungal degradation products, thereby consistently acting as exploiters. The presence of fungi enables and endures bacterial exploitation. This study introduces a novel framework of fungal decomposers and bacterial exploiters during plant residue microbial decomposition, advancing our comprehensive understanding of microbial processes governing the organic carbon cycling.
NLRP3-mediated glutaminolysis controls microglial phagocytosis to promote Alzheimer’s disease progression
Authors: Róisín M. McManus, Max P. Komes, Angelika Griep, Francesco Santarelli, Stephanie Schwartz, Juan Ramón Perea, Johannes C.M. Schlachetzki, David S. Bouvier, Michelle-Amirah Khalil, Mario A. Lauterbach, Lea Heinemann, Titus Schlüter, Mehran Shaban Pour, Marta Lovotti, Rainer Stahl, Fraser Duthie, Juan F. Rodríguez-Alcázar, Susanne V. Schmidt, Jasper Spitzer, Peri Noori, Alberto Maillo, Andreas Boettcher, Brian Herron, John McConville, David Gomez-Cabrero, Jesper Tegnér, Christopher K. Glass, Karsten Hiller, Eicke Latz, Michael T. Heneka
Journal: Immunity (2025)
Regulation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis via siRNA-Loaded Metallo-Alginate Hydrogels: A Localized and Synergistic Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Jennifer Fernandez-Alarcon, Margalida Artigues Cladera, Natalia Rodriguez-Camenforte, Giovanni Sitia, Marta Guerra-Rebollo, Salvador Borros, Cristina Fornaguera
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)

Preventing relapse after resection of a primary tumor continues to be an unmet clinical need. Development of adjuvant biomaterials with the capacity to kill residual cancer cells after tumor resection is of clinical importance. Here we developed a library of metallo-alginate hydrogels containing high concentrations of metallic ions such as Ca2+ in combination with Zn2+, Li+, or Mg2+ to disrupt Ca2+ homeostasis in the mitochondria of cancer cells by local hyperthermia. To synergistically kill tumor cells and suppress the growth of rechallenged tumors, we embedded oncogene-silencing nucleic acids (mTOR siRNA) loaded into polymerc nanoparticles (NPs) composed of poly (β-amino esters) in the metallo-alginate hydrogels, targeting cancer cells that activate multi-drug resistance pathways such PI3K/AKT/mTOR. Metabolomic studies showed alterations in the Warburg effect, mitochondrial transport, and the TCA cycle, confirming cancer cell damage. In vivo studies of this targeted therapy in mice demonstrated a sex-dependent effect. Male B16F10-tumor-bearing mice treated with the synergistic therapy showed restrained tumor growth. In contrast, no therapeutic effect was observed in female counterparts. Our results demonstrate that in situ-formed NP-loaded metallo-alginate hydrogels can modulate two distinct immune signaling networks that are relevant for enhancing cancer cell death. On the basis of our findings, this combination therapy emerges as a promising sex-dependent strategy for clinical translation.
Transfusion Strategy for Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Regina Chizi Tunje, Tian Wei Xian, Sheng Han Song
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrathecal Sintilimab for Leptomeningeal Metastases of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Failed from Targeted Therapy and Intrathecal Chemotherapy (LMIS study)
Authors: Chengjuan Fan, Yuanyuan Hu, Chong Teng, Yanju Lv, Xiaowei Song, Weixi Shen, Qiuying Jiang, Dayong Huang, Lina Du, Guohua Wang, Yang Du, Siqi Man, Zhichao Zhang, Jing Zhang, Li Li, Tao Xin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Abstract Backgroud Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) are serious complications of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treating NSCLC-LM. Methods We conducted this prospective phase 1 study (ChiCTR2200062245) using a traditional "3 + 3" design with intrathecal sintilimab (dose escalation 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, and 40mg) for NSCLC-LM patients who had progressed from targeted therapy and intrathecal pemetrexed. The primary study endpoints were safety and recommended dose, and the secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS), and overall survival (OS). Results No dose-limiting toxicity was found at 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, and 40mg for intrathecal sintilimab. Therefore, sintilimab 40mg was recommended for intrathecal injection. A total of 19 patients were enrolled in this study. The median age at diagnosis of LM was 53 years. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 68.4%, and rash (n=4, 21.1%) was the most common AEs, which returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. As 1 patient was lost to follow-up and 18 patients could be evaluated for efficacy, the clinical response rate was 38.9% (7/18). Median PFS was 3.5 months (95% CI: 2.7-4.2 months), median iPFS was 3.5 months (95% CI: 1.3-5.6 months), and median OS was 11.5 months (95% CI: 0.0-25.4 months). Conclusions Intrathecal ICIs for NSCLC-LM patients are safe, and the recommended dose of sintilimab is 40mg. Intrathecal sintilimab for NSCLC-LM failed from multi-line therapies, showed potential effectiveness in some patients, and is worthy for further study.
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Nirmish Singla, Aditya Bagrodia, Ezra Baraban, Christian D. Fankhauser, Yasser M. A. Ged
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy among males aged 15 to 40 years in the US, with approximately 10 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Between 90% and 95% of testicular cancers are germ cell tumors (GCTs). Observations The mean age at diagnosis for testicular cancer is 33 years. GCTs are categorized as seminomas and nonseminomatous GCTs (NSGCTs) based on their embryonic origins and path of differentiation. Risk factors include cryptorchidism, family history of testicular cancer, gonadal dysgenesis, infertility, cannabis use, and genetic conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome. The most common presenting symptom of testicular cancer is a painless testicular mass. History, physical examination, scrotal ultrasound, laboratory assessment of GCT-associated serum tumor markers (α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase), and prompt referral to a urologist are indicated when testicular cancer is suspected. Early diagnosis and treatment, starting with a radical inguinal orchiectomy, are important to optimize outcomes. At diagnosis, GCT is stage I (localized to the testicle) in 70% to 75% of patients, stage II (metastatic only to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes) in 20%, and stage III (widely metastatic) in 10%. Treatment of GCTs is guided by histology, clinical staging, and risk classification, with 5-year survival rates of 99%, 92%, and 85% for those diagnosed at stages I, II, and III, respectively. Optimal treatment often involves a multidisciplinary team at high-volume, experienced medical centers and may include surveillance (serum tumor markers [α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase] and imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis), surgery (retroperitoneal lymph node dissection), chemotherapy, and/or radiation. Treatment decisions should consider long-term survivorship concerns, including body image, fertility, hypogonadism, mental health, financial cost, adherence to follow-up, and late adverse effects of therapy such as cardiovascular disease, secondary malignancies, and potential psychosocial effects such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Conclusions and Relevance Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy in young men in the US, and 90% to 95% are GCTs. Patients with testicular GCT have a 5-year survival rate of 99%, 92%, and 85% for stages I, II, and III, respectively. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to optimize outcomes, and treatment decisions should balance oncologic control with survivorship concerns to minimize long-term adverse effects of treatment.
A Phenotypically Distinct Human Th2 Cell Subpopulation Is Associated With Development of Allergic Disorders in Infancy
Authors: Catherine R. Pizzarello, Courtney M. Jackson, Katherine Herman, Antti E. Seppo, Jonathan Rebhahn, Tyler Scherzi, M. Cecilia Berin, R. John Looney, Tim R. Mosmann, Kirsi M. Järvinen
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT Background Little is known about the ontogeny of T cell immunity during infancy in farming and urban lifestyles due to the lack of immunophenotyping in such birth cohorts. Methods Two birth cohorts (farming and urban) at differing risks and rates of allergic diseases were compared. Blood mononuclear cells were collected from infants at birth, and 6 and 12 months of age. Full spectrum flow cytometry, followed by traditional gating and the Scalable Weighted Iterative Flow‐clustering Technique (SWIFT) high‐dimensional analysis, were used to identify cell populations that differed between farming and urban infants. Additionally, single‐cell RNAseq and multiplex cytokine assays were used to assess the function of cell populations of interest. Results Several regulatory T cell (Treg) subpopulations were elevated in farming lifestyles and in non‐atopic infants. A unique effector memory CD25 + CD127 + CD161 − CD49d + CCR4 + CRTH2 + Th2 population was elevated at 6 months in urban infants and in those who developed atopic dermatitis and/or food allergy and allergic sensitization. Although this population shared Th2 and IL‐9 skewing with Th2A cells, the population uniquely failed to express CD161, produced more IL‐2 and TNF‐α, and upregulated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), FOXP3 and the cytokine inducible SH2‐containing protein gene ( CISH ) relative to Th2A cells. This population has been termed Th2B cells. Conclusion We describe a unique effector memory Th2 population elevated in urban high‐risk infants, potentially implicated in the development of allergic disease.
Maternal and Child Health Following 2 Home Visiting Interventions vs Control
Authors: Marie Lisanne Schepan, Malte Sandner, Gabriella Conti, Sören Kliem, Tilman Brand
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Home-based interventions targeting socially disadvantaged families may help to improve maternal and child health. Only a few studies have investigated how different staffing models affect early home visiting program outcomes. Objective To assess the effects of 2 staffing models of an early childhood intervention on mother and child outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants The baseline assessment of this randomized trial was conducted between November 2006 and December 2009 in 15 municipalities in Germany. The follow-up assessment at offspring age 7 years was carried out by interviewers masked to treatment conditions from April 2015 to December 2017. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023. Pregnant women with no previous live birth, low-income, and at least 1 additional psychosocial risk factor were eligible. A total of 1157 women were referred to the study by gynecologists, psychosocial counseling services, or employment agencies; 755 were randomized to treatment conditions (2 intervention groups and 2 control groups); and 525 completed the follow-up. Interventions Based on the Nurse-Family Partnership program, women assigned to the intervention groups received visits by either a midwife (midwife-only model) or by a team consisting of a social worker and a midwife (tandem model) until child age 2 years. Women assigned to control groups had access to the standard health and social services. Main Outcomes and Measures Average treatment effects (ATEs) on the following primary outcomes were assessed using adjusted regression models with inverse probability weighting: developmental disorders, child behavioral problems, adverse, neglectful and abusive parenting, maternal mental health, and life satisfaction. Results The mean (SD) age at follow-up was 29.6 (4.36) years for mothers and 7.55 (0.75) years for children; 272 (52.2%) of the children were female. Mothers in the tandem model reported fewer internalizing child behavioral problems compared to their control group (ATE, 2.98; 95% CI, −5.49 to −0.47; absolute reduction, 13.3 percentage points). Beneficial intervention effects were found in the midwife-only group on abusive parenting (ATE, −4.00; 95% CI, −6.82 to −1.18), parenting stress (ATE, −0.13; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.06), and maternal mental health burden (ATE, −3.63; 95% CI, −6.03 to −1.22; absolute reduction, 6.6 percentage points in depressive symptoms), but not in the tandem group. Conclusions and Relevance Both staffing models produced positive intervention effects, with more effects seen in the midwife-only model. These insights can guide future early childhood intervention designs and may help improve health care for socially disadvantaged families. Trial Registration German Clinical Trials Register Identifier: DRKS00007554
Supporting Primary Care for Medically and Socially Complex Patients in Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Arlene S. Ash, Matthew J. Alcusky, Randall P. Ellis, Meagan J. Sabatino, Frances E. Eanet, Eric O. Mick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance In 2023, the Massachusetts Medicaid and Children’s Health Insurance Program (MassHealth) required accountable care organizations (ACOs) to increase payments to primary care practices and shift to monthly payments, currently calibrated to historical revenues and enhanced practice capabilities, such as being staffed to address behavioral health needs. To prevent rewarding practices for avoiding difficult patients, future payments to primary care practices should reflect their patients’ apparent need. Objective To describe MassHealth’s initiative and a complexity-adjusted payment model. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study of payment model development and performance was conducted between February 2022 and November 2024. Participants included all 2019 Massachusetts Medicaid managed-care eligible members who were enrolled for 183 days or longer. Exposures Medical and social complexity. Main Outcomes and Measures For each member, the primary care activity level (PCAL) outcome proxies the resources that primary care clinicians need to provide comprehensive, coordinated care. Models were evaluated via R 2 and through ratios of observed-to-expected (ie, estimated by the model) outcomes for selected subgroups, which will be approximately 1.0 when payments and expected costs are well matched. The implications of paying practices using PCAL (vs a model based only on age and sex) were explored by examining financial and practice-level characteristics in high and low deciles of practice-level estimated mean. Results Among 1 092 742 MassHealth members enrolled in 3602 primary care practices (1 014 252 person-years; mean [SD] age, 25.9 [18.4] years; 538 065 [53.1%] female), the PCAL model achieved R 2 = 69.6% and estimates within 10% of observed PCAL spending for high-risk populations (mental health disorders, substance use disorders, complex chronic conditions, and disabilities) and across racial and ethnic groups. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted payments would overpay practices in the lowest-need decile by 10% and underpay those in the highest-need decile by 34%, while the PCAL model would match payment to estimated need almost exactly in the lowest decile and underpay by just 6% in the highest decile. Conclusions and Relevance MassHealth’s 2023 reform invests in primary care. This cross-sectional study developed a risk model that can adjust primary care payments to patient needs. Neither age and sex adjustments nor inflated historical payments would provide adequate resources to primary care practices caring for the most complex patients.
Research Priorities in Neuropalliative Care
Authors: Winnie K. Lau, Corey R. Fehnel, Zachary A. Macchi, Ambereen K. Mehta, Manon Auffret, Jori F. Bogetz, Jori E. Fleisher, Jerome J. Graber, Heather E. Leeper, Heena R. Manglani-Terranova, Susanne Muehlschlegel, Emily L. Mroz, Elizabeth J. Pedowitz, Usha Ramanathan, Max Sarmet, Nathan A. Shlobin, Leonard Sokol, Susan Allyson Weeks, Jiayun Xu, Helen Bundy Medsger, Claire J. Creutzfeldt, Ana-Maria Vranceanu, Darin B. Zahuranec, David Y. Hwang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Importance The integration of palliative care in neurology, or neuropalliative care, is an emerging area of practice focused on holistically improving quality of life and reducing the burden of suffering for people living with serious neurologic disease and their care partners. Major neurology and palliative care societies have recognized the need to advance primary and specialty palliative care services for people with neurologic disease. However, research to support this work is in its early stages. Observations The International Neuropalliative Care Society Research Committee convened an interdisciplinary panel of experts, including clinicians, scientists, people with neurologic disease, and care partners, to identify priority research areas for the advancement of neuropalliative care as a field. Three priority areas highlighted in this review include (1) patient- and care partner–centered symptoms and outcomes specific to neurologic illness and tools for their assessment, (2) development of effective neuropalliative care interventions and delivery models, and (3) methods to support the ability to foster, deliver, and measure goal-concordant care over time. Conclusions and Relevance This Special Communication outlines some of the most pressing neuropalliative care research needs, the advancement of which will best serve patients of all ages living with serious neurologic diseases and their care partners. Research funding mechanisms are needed to support and sustain impactful work in this field.
Is It Really Itching?—Reply
Authors: Rafi Hadad
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

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Policies and Regulations Regarding Adolescent Marijuana Use—Reply
Authors: Li Wang, Jason W. Busse
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal