tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to the commentary by Wang, Wang, And Chen
Authors: Gaetano Ciancio, Marina M. Tabbara, Javier Gonzalez, Angel Alvarez, Jeffrey J. Gaynor
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Ciancio, Gaetano MD; Tabbara, Marina M.; Gonzalez, Javier MD; Alvarez, Angel; Gaynor, Jeffrey J. PhD Author Information
ChatGPT in medicine: Correspondence
Authors: Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aPrivate Academic Consultant, Phonhong, Lao People's Democratic Republic bDepartment of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University India We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Correspondence; Private Academic Consultant, Phonhong, Lao People's Democratic Republic. Email: [email protected] (H. Daungsupawong). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Bile Acid Signaling in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases and Drug Development
Authors: Tiangang Li, John Y.L. Chiang
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2024)

Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile acids generates bile flow and facilitates biliary secretion of lipids, endogenous metabolites, and xenobiotics. In intestine, bile acids facilitate the digestion and absorption of dietary lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. Through activation of nuclear receptors and G protein-coupled receptors and interaction with gut microbiome, bile acids critically regulate host metabolism and innate and adaptive immunity and are involved in the pathogenesis of cholestasis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, type-2 diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Bile acids and their derivatives have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for treating chronic metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases and gastrointestinal disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Bile acids facilitate biliary cholesterol solubilization and dietary lipid absorption, regulate host metabolism and immunity, and modulate gut microbiome. Targeting bile acid metabolism and signaling holds promise for treating metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
Crystalloid volume versus catecholamines for management of hemorrhagic shock during esophagectomy – assessment of microcirculatory tissue oxygenation of the gastric conduit in a porcine model using hyperspectral imaging – an experimental study
Authors: Alexander Studier-Fischer, Berkin Özdemir, Maike Rees, Leonardo Ayala, Silvia Seidlitz, Jan Sellner, Karl-Friedrich Kowalewski, Caelan Max Haney, Jan Odenthal, Samuel Knödler, Maximilian Dietrich, Daniel Gruneberg, Thorsten Brenner, Karsten Schmidt, Felix C. F. Schmitt, Markus Alexander Weigand, Gabriel Alexander Salg, Anna Dupree, Henrik Nienhüser, Arianeb Mehrabi, Thilo Hackert, Beat Peter Müller, Lena Maier-Hein, Felix Nickel
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)
Evolving trends in stem cell therapy: an emerging and promising approach against various diseases
Authors: Mai Abdel Haleem Abusalah, None Priyanka, Engku Nur Syafirah Engku Abd Rahman, Om Prakash Choudhary
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Stem cell therapy is growing in popularity as a form of regenerative medicine with the capacity to treat a wide range of ailments. Stem cells exhibit the ability to differentiate into a diverse array of cell types within the organism due to their undifferentiated state. These cell sources include bone marrow, induced pluripotent stem cells, and umbilical cord tissue 1. Significant advancements in clinical applications and fundamental research of stem cells in regenerative medicine and other domains have occurred in recent years, motivating individuals to delve deeper into the study of stem cells. Stem cells, owing to their virtually limitless capacity for self-renewal, offer vast potential for advancements in the treatment of various diseases and human organ damage. Stem cell-related technologies for induction and isolation are relatively developed in the field of stem cell research, and numerous stable stem cell lines have been constructed with outstanding results 2. This editorial will delve into the latest advancements in stem cell therapy, shedding light on key developments, their clinical applications, and the promising future prospects.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, and Warfarin in Patients With Cirrhosis and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tracey G. Simon, Daniel E. Singer, Yichi Zhang, Julianna M. Mastrorilli, Alexander Cervone, Elyse DiCesare, Kueiyu Joshua Lin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Apixaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin have shown benefit for preventing major ischemic events, albeit with increased bleeding risk, among patients in the general population with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, data are scarce in patients with cirrhosis and AF.
Best Practices in Caring for Seriously Ill Patients
Authors: Rachelle Bernacki, Vyjeyanthi S. Periyakoil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Palliative care (PC) is the art and science of providing goal-concordant care, skillfully managing complex and refractory pain and nonpain symptoms, mitigating suffering, and augmenting quality of life for seriously ill patients throughout the course of the illness trajectory. The primary team should provide generalist PC for all seriously ill patients and know when to refer patients to specialist PC. Specialty-level PC services should be reserved for complex problems beyond the scope of primary PC. This article reviews principles and best practices to support patient-centered PC.
Outpatient Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19: Living, Rapid Practice Points From the American College of Physicians (Version 2, Update Alert)
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Jennifer Yost, George M. Abraham, Rebecca A. Andrews, Janet A. Jokela, Matthew C. Miller, Linda L. Humphrey, Linda L. Humphrey, Adam J. Obley, Adam J. Obley, Andrew S. Dunn, Andrew S. Dunn, Ray Haeme, Ray Haeme, Janet A. Jokela, Rachael A. Lee, Rachael A. Lee, Sameer D. Saini, Sameer D. Saini, Mark P. Tschanz, Mark P. Tschanz, Itziar Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Itziar Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Curtis S. Harrod, Curtis S. Harrod, Amir Qaseem, Tatyana Shamliyan, Tatyana Shamliyan, Jennifer Yost
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)
Effect of Acupuncture for Methadone Reduction
Authors: Liming Lu, Chen Chen, Yiming Chen, Yu Dong, Rouhao Chen, Xiaojing Wei, Chenyang Tao, Cui Li, Yuting Wang, Baochao Fan, Xiaorong Tang, Shichao Xu, Zhiqiu He, Guodong Mo, Yiliang Liu, Hong Gu, Xiang Li, Fang Cao, Hongxia Xu, Yuqing Zhang, Guowei Li, Xinxia Liu, Jingchun Zeng, Chunzhi Tang, Nenggui Xu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is effective for managing opioid use disorder, but adverse effects mean that optimal therapy occurs with the lowest dose that controls opioid craving.
A randomized phase 2b study of subcutaneous PD-L1 antibody ASC22 in virally-suppressed, HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Jiandan Qian, Yao Xie, Qianguo Mao, Qing Xie, Ye Gu, Xinyue Chen, Guoxin Hu, Yongfeng Yang, Jiajie Lu, Guizhou Zou, Qin Zhang, Lei Fu, Yongping Chen, Xiaolin Guo, Jinlin Hou, Yuemei Yan, Jinzi J. Wu, Yimin Cui, Guiqiang Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Studies have shown that blocking the programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 pathway may lead to a potential cure for HBV infections. ASC22 (envafolimab) is a humanized, single-domain programmed cell death ligand 1 antibody administered subcutaneously. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ASC22 in virally suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B on nucleos(t)ide analogs. Approach and Results: This randomized, single-blind, phase IIb trial enrolled patients with chronic hepatitis B in 2 cohorts for a 24-week treatment with ASC22 or placebo (PBO) once every 2 weeks and 24-week follow-up. In total, 60, 59, and 30 patients were treated with 1.0, 2.5 mg/kg ASC22, and PBO, respectively. The mean changes in HBsAg from baseline at weeks 24 and 48 were −0.309 ( p &lt; 0.001) and −0.272 ( p &lt; 0.023) log 10 IU/mL in the 1.0 mg/kg ASC22 group, −0.231 ( p = 0.007) and −0.205 ( p = 0.12) log 10 IU/mL in the 2.5 mg/kg ASC22 group, and −0.003 and −0.063 log 10 IU/mL in the PBO group, respectively (intent-to-treat population). Three out of 10 patients with baseline HBsAg levels ≤100 IU/mL in the 1.0 mg/kg group obtained on-treatment HBsAg loss. Most adverse events were mild (97.9%). There were no study drug–related serious adverse events in the 1.0 mg/kg ASC22 group. Conclusions: Subcutaneous administration of 1.0 mg/kg ASC22 once every 2 weeks for 24 weeks was shown to be safe and well-tolerated in virally suppressed patients with chronic hepatitis B on nucleos(t)ide analogs and can induce HBsAg decline, especially in patients with HBsAg ≤100 IU/mL.
Long-term outcome and risk stratification in compensated advanced chronic liver disease after HCV-cure
Authors: Georg Semmler, Sonia Alonso López, Monica Pons, Sabela Lens, Elton Dajti, Marie Griemsmann, Alberto Zanetto, Lukas Burghart, Stefanie Hametner-Schreil, Lukas Hartl, Marisa Manzano, Sergio Rodriguez-Tajes, Paola Zanaga, Michael Schwarz, María L. Gutierrez, Mathias Jachs, Anna Pocurull, Benjamín Polo, Dominik Ecker, Beatriz Mateos, Sonia Izquierdo, Yolanda Real, Lorenz Balcar, Juan A. Carbonell-Asins, Michael Gschwantler, Francesco P. Russo, Francesco Azzaroli, Benjamin Maasoumy, Thomas Reiberger, Xavier Forns, Joan Genesca, Rafael Bañares, Mattias Mandorfer
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Around 750,000 patients per year will be cured of HCV infection until 2030. Those with compensated advanced chronic liver disease remain at risk for hepatic decompensation and de novo HCC. Algorithms have been developed to stratify risk early after cure; however, data on long-term outcomes and the prognostic utility of these risk stratification algorithms at later time points are lacking. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 2335 patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease (liver stiffness measurement≥10 kPa) who achieved HCV-cure by interferon-free therapies from 15 European centers (median age 60.2±11.9 y, 21.1% obesity, 21.2% diabetes).During a median follow-up of 6 years, first hepatic decompensation occurred in 84 patients (3.6%, incidence rate: 0.74%/y, cumulative incidence at 6 y: 3.2%); 183 (7.8%) patients developed de novo HCC (incidence rate: 1.60%/y, cumulative incidence at 6 y: 8.3%), with both risks being strictly linear over time.Baveno VII criteria to exclude (FU-liver stiffness measurement <12 kPa and follow-up platelet count >150 g/L) or rule-in (FU-liver stiffness measurement ≥25 kPa) clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) stratified the risk of hepatic decompensation with proportional hazards. Estimated probability of CSPH discriminated patients developing versus not developing hepatic decompensation in the gray zone (ie, patients meeting none of the above criteria).Published HCC risk stratification algorithms identified high-incidence and low-incidence groups; however, the size of the latter group varied substantially (9.9%-69.1%). A granular "HCC-sustained virologic response" model was developed to inform an individual patient's HCC risk after HCV-cure. In patients with compensated advanced chronic liver disease, the risks of hepatic decompensation and HCC remain constant after HCV-cure, even in the long term (>3 y). One-time post-treatment risk stratification based on noninvasive criteria provides important prognostic information that is maintained during long-term follow-up, as the hazards remain proportional over time.
Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound suppresses pain by modulating pain processing brain circuits
Authors: Min Gon Kim, Kai Yu, Chih-Yu Yeh, Raghda Fouda, Donovan Argueta, Stacy Kiven, Yunruo Ni, Xiaodan Niu, Qiyang Chen, Kang Kim, Kalpna Gupta, Bin He
Journal: Blood (2024)

There is an urgent and unmet clinical need to develop nonpharmacological interventions for chronic pain management because of the critical side effects of opioids. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging noninvasive neuromodulation technology with high spatial specificity and deep brain penetration. Here, we developed a tightly focused 128-element ultrasound transducer to specifically target small mouse brains using dynamic focus steering. We demonstrate that tFUS stimulation at pain-processing brain circuits can significantly alter pain-associated behaviors in mouse models in vivo. Our findings indicate that a single-session focused ultrasound stimulation to the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) significantly attenuates heat pain sensitivity in wild-type mice and modulates heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in a humanized mouse model of chronic pain in sickle cell disease. Results further revealed a sustained behavioral change associated with heat hypersensitivity by targeting deeper cortical structures (eg, insula) and multisession focused ultrasound stimulation to S1 and insula. Analyses of brain electrical rhythms through electroencephalography demonstrated a significant change in noxious heat hypersensitivity-related and chronic hyperalgesia-associated neural signals after focused ultrasound treatment. Validation of efficacy was carried out through control experiments, tuning ultrasound parameters, adjusting interexperiment intervals, and investigating effects on age, sex, and genotype in a head-fixed awake model. Importantly, tFUS was found to be safe, causing no adverse effects on motor function or the brain's neuropathology. In conclusion, the validated proof-of-principle experimental evidence demonstrates the translational potential of novel focused ultrasound neuromodulation for next-generation pain treatment without adverse effects.
CRISPR-based rapid molecular diagnostic tests for fusion-driven leukemias
Authors: Rahul S. Vedula, Hannah Q. Karp, Jeremy Koob, Felicia Lim, Jacqueline S. Garcia, Eric S Winer, Marlise R. Luskin, Gabriel Ghiaur, Annette S. Kim, Lan W Beppu, Olga Sala-Torra, Jerald P. Radich, Jonathan Samuel Gootenberg, Omar Abudayyeh, Feng Zhang, R. Coleman Lindsley
Journal: Blood (2024)
Arteriovenous Access Creation and eGFR Decline in Patients with CKD
Authors: Abdel-Hay Tabcheh, Raphaël Coscas, Oriane Lambert, Bénédicte Stengel, Luc Frimat, Ziad Massy, Christian Combe, Murilo Guedes, Roberto Pecoits-Filho, Julie Boucquemont, Natalia Alencar De Pinho
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)
The IgA-pIgR System Is Dysregulated in IPF
Authors: Thomas Planté-Bordeneuve, Youri Bertrand, Marylène Lecocq, Delphine Hoton, Catherine Fillée, Valérie Lacroix, Benoît Rondelet, Wim Wuyts, Caroline Bouzin, Charles Pilette, Antoine Froidure
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)
Endoscopic surgery combined chemoradiotherapy and PD-1 blockade in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma.
Authors: Li Yan, Xiaole Song, Xiaoshen Wang, Hongmeng Yu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e21552 Background: Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare and aggressive disease different from cutaneous melanoma. The best treatment modality including the role of immune checkpoint blockade in SNMM has not been defined. Methods: Between 2021 and 2023, patients with previously untreated sinonasal melanoma were enrolled by three single-center investigator-initiated phase II clinical trials (ChiCTR2100046498 / ChiCTR2100045797/ ChiCTR2100049031). Eligible patients in ChiCTR2100045797 trial received postoperative radical chemoradiotherapy combined with toripalimab (a PD-1 inhibitor) for a year or until the disease progressed. Eligible participants in ChiCTR2100046498 study received surgery combined with radiation without immunotherapy. And for patients in ChiCTR2100049031 study, preoperative radiation was carried out firstly. The locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were the main efficacy goals. Results: Fifty-four patients were enrolled (mean age 62 years, 33 males [61.1%] and 21 women [38.9%]) with 2y-OS rate 62.3±7.9%, 2y-RFS rate 67.1±8.2%, and 2y-DMFS rate 63.9±8.1%. Patients with T3 (n = 23), T4a (n = 14), and T4b (n = 17) stages, including12 patients with node-positive disease, were included at baseline. During a median follow-up of 11 months, 19 patients ultimately died, 10 experienced relapses, and 17 developed metastases. Tumor T staging was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic predictor according to the Cox univariate analysis. The primary factor contributing to a poor prognosis and the primary cause of death for 73.7% of patients was distant metastases. Preoperative radiation had an improved long-term survival with 2y-OS rate of 85.7±13.2%, and it can considerably lower the risk of distant metastases (p≤0.05). The overall survival rate for patients receiving postoperative chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy was higher than that for patients not receiving immunotherapy (2y-OS rate 74.1±11.4% vs. 39.3±15.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant due to a small number of patients (p = 0.16). No immune-related adverse effects grade≥3 was recorded. Conclusions: The primary cause of the poor prognostic performance of SNMM is distant metastasis. The risk of distant metastases might be considerably decreased by preoperative radiation treatment. Surgery combined with radiation and immunotherapy could bring promising survival benefit. The way forward may involve investigating the combination of immunotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT04879654 ; NCT05009446 .
Assessing thresholds of resistance prevalence at which empiric treatment of gonorrhea should change among men who have sex with men in the US: A cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Xuecheng Yin, Yunfei Li, Minttu M. Rönn, Song Li, Yue Yuan, Thomas L. Gift, Katherine Hsu, Joshua A. Salomon, Yonatan H. Grad, Reza Yaesoubi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Background Since common diagnostic tests for gonorrhea do not provide information about susceptibility to antibiotics, treatment of gonorrhea remains empiric. Antibiotics used for empiric therapy are usually changed once resistance prevalence exceeds a certain threshold (e.g., 5%). A low switch threshold is intended to increase the probability that an infection is successfully treated with the first-line antibiotic, but it could also increase the pace at which recommendations are switched to newer antibiotics. Little is known about the impact of changing the switch threshold on the incidence of gonorrhea, the rate of treatment failure, and the overall cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) associated with gonorrhea. Methods and findings We developed a transmission model of gonococcal infection with multiple resistant strains to project gonorrhea-associated costs and loss in QALYs under different switch thresholds among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. We accounted for the costs and disutilities associated with symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and sequelae, and combined costs and QALYs in a measure of net health benefit (NHB). Our results suggest that under a scenario where 3 antibiotics are available over the next 50 years (2 suitable for the first-line therapy of gonorrhea and 1 suitable only for the retreatment of resistant infections), changing the switch threshold between 1% and 10% does not meaningfully impact the annual number of gonorrhea cases, total costs, or total QALY losses associated with gonorrhea. However, if a new antibiotic is to become available in the future, choosing a lower switch threshold could improve the population NHB. If in addition, drug-susceptibility testing (DST) is available to inform retreatment regimens after unsuccessful first-line therapy, setting the switch threshold at 1% to 2% is expected to maximize the population NHB. A limitation of our study is that our analysis only focuses on the MSM population and does not consider the influence of interventions such as vaccine and common use of rapid drugs susceptibility tests to inform first-line therapy. Conclusions Changing the switch threshold for first-line antibiotics may not substantially change the health and financial outcomes associated with gonorrhea. However, the switch threshold could be reduced when newer antibiotics are expected to become available soon or when in addition to future novel antibiotics, DST is also available to inform retreatment regimens.
Autologous, oncolytic virus-activated killer (VAK) cell therapy to treat malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions.
Authors: Shuang Dong, Yang Wang, Yuanxiang Li, Qian Cai, Sheng Hu, Han Hu, Qin Zhou, Weiju Yang, Hong Zhang, Lirong Liu, Yun Yue, Haohuang Zheng, Nassos Alevizopoulos, Binlei Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e20549 Background: OH2 is an attenuated oncolytic Herpes Simplex-2 virus expressing GM-CSF. OH2 replicates only in cancer cells, causing their lysis, which reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor regression. OH2 monotherapy is safe and efficacious in phase I-III trials of 300+ patients across several cancer indications. We previously showed that OH2 treated briefly with UV light (UV-OH2) is unable to form plaques yet still able to infect cancer cells and to potently activate human PBMCs, leading to increased antitumor activity in vitro and in animal models. Methods: Translating these findings in humans, 12 stage IV lung cancer patients with malignant pleural or peritoneal effusions were enrolled in an Investigator-Initiated Trial (NCT05565014). Lymphocytes from each patient’s effusions were isolated, incubated in vitro with UV-OH2 for 36-48h, and then re-infused into the patient's pleural or peritoneal cavity. Each patient received 2 cycles of 3 or up to 6 infusions of this Virus Activated Killer (VAK) Autologous Cell Therapy. Results: Effusion volume (EV) measurement and local and whole-body tumor assessments were performed at the beginning and 28 days post VAK treatment. On D28, EV remained stable in 3 patients (SD), whereas 4 of 12 patients recorded a reduction of EV (PR). Notably, subject S004’s PR was maintained for 210 days post-treatment. Evaluation of target lesions per RECIST revealed 4 subjects with PR and 7 with an SD in target lesions. There was no toxicity or treatment-related adverse events. The median patient OS was 384 days (12.8 months), which is up to 4 times the average published OS for stage IV lung cancer with malignant pleural effusions. RNA-Seq analysis indicated increased expression of many T and NK cell effectors and NK cell activating receptors. Importantly, average autologous CD8+ T lymphocytes rose from 53% to 74% in the effusions post VAK-treatment, thereby confirming activation of the patient’s immune system by UV-OH2 (preliminary clinical PoC). Conclusions: In sum, our VAK therapy offers a cost-effective, extremely safe, and patient-friendly autologous treatment that dramatically increases overall survival in patients with essentially no options. Larger scale studies are in the works. Clinical trial information: NCT05565014 .