tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health and Lifestyle Factors and Dementia Risk Among Former Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Emma R. Russell, Donald M. Lyall, Daniel F. Mackay, Kirstie Cronin, Katy Stewart, John A. MacLean, Jill P. Pell, William Stewart
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Elite-level contact sport participation is associated with increased dementia risk, which may be attributable to sport-related traumatic brain injury and repetitive head impact exposure. However, the contribution of wider, potentially modifiable dementia risk factors remains uncertain. Objective To explore the association of potentially modifiable dementia risk factors with dementia risk among former professional soccer players. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record linkage to national electronic datasets of general and mental health hospital inpatient and day-case admissions, prescribing information, and death certification in Scotland for male former professional soccer players born between January 1, 1900, and December 31, 1990, who were aged 30 years or older on December 31, 2020, and general population control individuals matched by sex, year of birth, and area socioeconomic status. Database interrogation was performed on November 30, 2021, and data were analyzed between January 16, 2023, and July 8, 2024. Exposures History of smoking, depression, alcohol-related disorders, diabetes, hypertension, hearing loss, and obesity coded within electronic health records. Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalence of dementia risk factors and their association with incident dementia diagnoses were evaluated and compared between former soccer players and matched controls. Results The final cohort consisted of 11 984 male former professional soccer players and 35 952 matched controls. Over a median 21 years (IQR, 7-34 years) of follow-up from study entry at age 30 years or older, providing a total of 1 039 848 years of follow-up, 434 former soccer players (3.62%) and 453 matched population controls (1.26%) were identified with a dementia diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 3.02; 95% CI, 2.54-3.58; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Overall, rates of general health and lifestyle dementia risk factors were similar or lower among former soccer players compared with matched controls (eg, diabetes: 4.26% vs 6.35%). Dementia risk associated with these factors among soccer players was similar to or lower than among controls (eg, hypertension: HR, 4.62 [95% CI, 3.69-5.78] vs 6.96 [95% CI, 5.64-8.59]). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found no evidence that high dementia risk among former professional soccer players was associated with potentially modifiable general health and lifestyle dementia risk factors. These data support continuation of measures directed toward reducing exposure to repetitive head impacts and traumatic brain injury in sport.
New-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Korean Youths During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Da Hye Lee, Hwa Young Kim, Ji Young Park, Jaehyun Kim, Jae Hyeon Park
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Whether COVID-19 contributes to youth-onset diabetes is controversial, and research in Asia is lacking. Objective To explore the incidence and severity of diabetes among youths during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used claims data for January 1, 2017, through February 28, 2022, from the National Health Insurance Service database in South Korea. The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in patients younger than 20 years during the pandemic was analyzed and compared with that during the prepandemic period. The study included incident cases of T1D identified by at least 2 diagnosis codes with at least 2 insulin prescriptions within 1 year and T2D identified by at least 2 diagnosis codes with at least 2 prescriptions of diabetes medication within 1 year. Analyses were performed between January 29 and September 2, 2024. Exposures COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was incidence of T1D and T2D, and secondary outcomes included the rate of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and association of new-onset diabetes with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results The study included 2599 patients with T1D (mean [SD] age, 12.0 [4.8] years; 1235 [47.5%] male) and 11 040 patients with T2D (mean [SD] age, 16.0 [2.8] years; 6861 [62.1%] male). During the pandemic, the incidence rate ratios were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.10-1.29) for T1D and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.36-1.46) for T2D. The incidence rate of DKA at diagnosis increased during the first pandemic year compared with the prepandemic period (T1D, 42.8% [95% CI, 38.5%-47.0%] vs 31.3% [95% CI, 29.0%-33.7%], respectively; T2D, 6.0% [95% CI, 5.0%-7.1%] vs 2.9% [95% CI, 2.5%-3.3%], respectively) but returned to prepandemic levels in the second pandemic year (T1D, 34.5% [95% CI, 30.6%-38.5%]; T2D, 3.2% [95% CI, 2.6%-3.9%]). The hazard ratio for new-onset diabetes associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.17-1.13) for T1D and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.74-1.57) for T2D. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that the incidence and severity of T1D and T2D among South Korean youths increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cohort analysis does not support SARS-CoV-2 infection itself as being directly associated with incident diabetes.
Neurological Pupil Index and Intracranial Hypertension in Patients With Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Matteo Petrosino, Elisa Gouvêa Bogossian, Paola Rebora, Stefania Galimberti, Randall Chesnut, Pierre Bouzat, Mauro Oddo, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Giuseppe Citerio
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Importance Invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) is the standard of care in patients with acute brain injury (ABI) with impaired consciousness. The Neurological Pupil Index (NPi) obtained by automated pupillometry is promising for noninvasively estimating ICP. Objectives To evaluate the association between repeated NPi and invasive ICP values. Design, Setting, and Participants This study is a secondary analysis of the Outcome Prognostication of Acute Brain Injury With the Neurological Pupil Index (ORANGE), a multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with ABI performed from October 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022, with follow-up at 6 months after ABI. The ORANGE study was performed at neurologic intensive care units of tertiary hospitals in Europe and North America. In ORANGE, 514 adult patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support were admitted to the intensive care unit after ABI. Exposure Invasive ICP monitoring and automated pupillometry assessment every 4 hours during the first 7 days, considered as a standard of care. Main Outcomes and Measures Association between ICP and NPi values over time, using bayesian joint models, with linear and logistic mixed-effects longitudinal submodels. Results The study included 318 adult patients (median [IQR] age, 58 [43-69] years; 187 [58.8%] male) who required intensive care unit admission, intubation, and mechanical ventilatory support due to acute traumatic brain injury (n = 133 [41.8%]), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 104 [32.7%]), or aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 81 [25.5%]) and had automatic infrared pupillometry used as part of the standard evaluation practice and ICP monitoring. A total of 8692 ICP measurements were collected, with a median (IQR) of 31 (18-37) evaluations per patient. The median (IQR) NPi and ICP for the study population were 4.1 (3.5-4.5) and 10 (5-14) mm Hg, respectively. In a linear mixed model, the mean change in the NPi value, as a continuous variable, was −0.003 (95% credible interval [CrI], −0.006 to 0.000) for each 1-mm Hg ICP increase. No significant association between ICP and abnormal NPi (&amp;amp;lt;3; odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CrI, 0.99-1.03) or absent NPi (0; odds ratio, 1.03; 95% CrI, 0.99-1.06) was observed. Conclusions and Relevance Although an abnormal NPi could indicate brainstem dysfunction, in this large and heterogeneous population of patients, NPi values were not significantly associated overall with ICP values. Repeated NPi measurements may not be a sufficient replacement for invasive monitoring. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04490005
Revisiting Paternal Hepatitis B and Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring
Authors: Yi-Hua Zhou, Hong Zhao
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
A STAG2-PAXIP1/PAGR1 axis suppresses lung tumorigenesis
Authors: Emily L. Ashkin, Yuning J. Tang, Haiqing Xu, King L. Hung, Julia A. Belk, Hongchen Cai, Steven S. Lopez, Deniz Nesli Dolcen, Jess D. Hebert, Rui Li, Paloma A. Ruiz, Tula Keal, Laura Andrejka, Howard Y. Chang, Dmitri A. Petrov, Jesse R. Dixon, Zhichao Xu, Monte M. Winslow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

The cohesin complex is a critical regulator of gene expression. STAG2 is the most frequently mutated cohesin subunit across several cancer types and is a key tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Here, we coupled somatic CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and tumor barcoding with an autochthonous oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer model and showed that STAG2 is uniquely tumor-suppressive among all core and auxiliary cohesin components. The heterodimeric complex components PAXIP1 and PAGR1 have highly correlated effects with STAG2 in human lung cancer cell lines, are tumor suppressors in vivo, and are epistatic to STAG2 in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis in vivo. STAG2 inactivation elicits changes in gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome conformation that impact the cancer cell state. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility similarities between STAG2- and PAXIP1-deficient neoplastic cells further relate STAG2-cohesin to PAXIP1/PAGR1. These findings reveal a STAG2-PAXIP1/PAGR1 tumor-suppressive axis and uncover novel PAXIP1-dependent and PAXIP1-independent STAG2-cohesin-mediated mechanisms of lung tumor suppression.
Management of pain and sedation in the intensive care unit
Authors: Christina Boncyk, Mark L Rolfsen, David Richards, Joanna L Stollings, Matthew F Mart, Christopher G Hughes, E Wesley Ely
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Advances in our approach to treating pain and sedation when caring for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been propelled by decades of robust trial data, knowledge gained from patient experiences, and our evolving understanding of how pain and sedation strategies affect patient survival and long term outcomes. These data contribute to current practice guidelines prioritizing analgesia-first sedation strategies (analgosedation) that target light sedation when possible, use of short acting sedatives, and avoidance of benzodiazepines. Together, these strategies allow the patient to be more awake and able to participate in early mobilization and family interactions. The covid-19 pandemic introduced unique challenges in the ICU that affected delivery of best practices and patient outcomes. Compliance with best practices has not returned to pre-covid levels. After emerging from the pandemic and refocusing our attention on optimal pain and sedation management in the ICU, it is imperative to revisit the data that contributed to our current recommendations, review the importance of best practices on patient outcomes, and consider new strategies when advancing patient care.
Weekly Cisplatin Cycles and Outcomes for Chemoradiation in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Sung Jun Ma, Simeng Zhu, Jas Virk, Andrew Koempel, Priyanka Bhateja, Emile Gogineni, Sujith Baliga, David Konieczkowski, Darrion Mitchell, Sachin Jhawar, John Grecula, Matthew Old, James Rocco, Marcelo Bonomi, Dukagjin Blakaj
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend weekly cisplatin as an alternative concurrent systemic therapy for definitive chemoradiation in patients with head and neck cancer. However, the impact of different levels of adherence to weekly cisplatin on outcomes stratified by human papillomavirus p16 status remains unclear.
Concerns Regarding Cardiac Rehabilitation and Patients With Lower Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Tieh-Cheng Fu, Chun-Pai Yang, Ching-Mao Chang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Physician Reasons for or Against Treatment Intensification in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Neeraj Agarwal, Daniel J. George, Zachary Klaassen, Rickard Sandin, Jake Butcher, Amanda Ribbands, Liane Gillespie-Akar, Birol Emir, David Russell, Agnes Hong, Krishnan Ramaswamy, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Clarifying the underutilization of treatment intensification (TI) for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) may improve implementation of evidence-based medicine and survival outcomes. Objective To investigate physicians’ beliefs about TI in mCSPC to understand the gap between evidence-based guidelines and clinical practice. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study analyzed data from the Adelphi Real World retrospective survey, which comprised physician surveys that were linked to medical record reviews of US adult patients treated for mCSPC between July 2018 and January 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures The survey included questions on physician and practice demographics. Physicians completed patient record forms, based on patient medical records with information including patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and patient management. Physicians recalled reasons for prescribing decisions using 48 precoded and open-text responses. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed the likelihood of their patients receiving first-line TI; the main outcome was the likelihood of their patients receiving TI using odds ratios (ORs). Results In total, 617 male patients met the analysis criteria (mean [SD] age, 68.6 [8.1] years). Among these patients, 349 (56.6%) were Medicare beneficiaries. Overall, 430 (69.7%) did not receive first-line TI with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and/or chemotherapy. The 107 US-based physicians’ top reasons for treatment choice for their patients were tolerability concerns (TI: 121 [64.7%]; no TI: 252 [58.6%]; P = .18) and following guideline recommendations (TI: 115 [61.5%]; no TI: 230 [53.5%]; P = .08). In the bivariate analysis, physicians seeking to reduce prostate-specific antigen (PSA) by 75% to 100% were more likely to provide first-line TI compared with physicians who aimed to lower PSA by 0% to 49% (OR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.04-2.56]; P = .03). In the multivariable analysis, patients whose physicians based treatment choice on guidelines were more likely to receive TI than patients whose physicians did not report this reason (OR, 3.46 [95% CI, 1.32-9.08]; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study, which analyzed data from a medical records–linked clinical practice survey, indicated low rates of first-line TI for mCSPC despite guideline recommendations. Barriers to TI included lack of knowledge about guidelines and published efficacy and safety data. Physicians with greater PSA reduction goals were more likely to use TI. Physician education on treatment guidelines and clinical trial data, while raising expectations for PSA response, may increase rates of first-line TI in mCSPC.
Povidone Iodine vs Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Alcohol for Preoperative Skin Antisepsis—Reply
Authors: Andreas F. Widmer, Rami Sommerstein, Philipp Jent
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Asthma Prevalence in the Disaggregated Multiracial Population of California
Authors: Tracy Lam-Hine, Neeta Thakur, Aliya Saperstein, Mahasin S. Mujahid, David H. Rehkopf
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines current and lifetime asthma prevalence among adults of all racial and ethnic categories in California, including the multiracial population.
State Parental Consent Law and Treatment Use Among Adolescents With Depression
Authors: Jessica Lee Schleider, Amanda Smock, Isaac Lev Ahuvia, Tubanji Walubita, Andy Seth Rapoport, Shannon Hill, Jonathan Purtle
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines the association between mental health treatment uptake and the existence of state laws prohibiting youths to consent to their own care.
Ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 drives escape from mRNA vaccine-induced humoral immunity
Authors: Alex L Roederer, Yi Cao, Kerri St Denis, Maegan L Sheehan, Chia Jung Li, Evan C Lam, David J Gregory, Mark C Poznansky, A John Iafrate, David H Canaday, Stefan Gravenstein, Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran, Alejandro B Balazs
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)
Microglial lipid phosphatase SHIP1 limits complement-mediated synaptic pruning in the healthy developing hippocampus
Authors: Alessandro Matera, Anne-Claire Compagnion, Chiara Pedicone, Janssen M Kotah, Andranik Ivanov, Katia Monsorno, Gwenaël Labouèbe, Loredana Leggio, Marta Pereira-Iglesias, Dieter Beule, Virginie Mansuy-Aubert, Tim L Williams, Nunzio Iraci, Amanda Sierra, Samuele G Marro, Alison M Goate, Bart J L Eggen, William G Kerr, Rosa C Paolicelli
Journal: Immunity (2024)
Lurbinectedin sensitizes PD-L1 blockade therapy by activating STING-IFN signaling in small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Subhamoy Chakraborty, Utsav Sen, Kedwin Ventura, Vrinda Jethalia, Charles Coleman, Subhasree Sridhar, Avisek Banerjee, Hilal Ozakinci, Yazhini Mahendravarman, Konrad Snioch, Elisa de Stanchina, Misty D Shields, Lewis E Tomalin, Deniz Demircioglu, Theresa A Boyle, Anna Tocheva, Dan Hasson, Triparna Sen
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)
When Can a MRSA Nares Swab Guide Antibiotic Stewardship?
Authors: Ashley K. Saito, Matthew B. Goetz, Simon Wu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

This Clinical Insights discusses how the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nares swab may be used alongside disease prevalence and clinical factors to determine when MRSA coverage is needed for common inpatient infections.
Depression Treatment After a Positive Depression Screen Result
Authors: Maria E. Garcia, Lisa Ochoa-Frongia, John Neuhaus, Julian C. Hong, Ladson Hinton, Jennifer Livaudais-Toman, Mitchell D. Feldman, Christina Mangurian, Nicole Appelle, Leah S. Karliner
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

As primary care practices increase depression screening, it is unknown whether screening is associated with appropriate and equitable treatment.
International Comparison of Underlying Disease Among Recipients of Medical Assistance in Dying
Authors: Brandon Heidinger, Colleen Webber, Kenneth Chambaere, Eliana Close, Luc Deliens, Bregje Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Thaddeus Pope, Agnes van der Heide, Ben White, James Downar
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

This cohort study compares the rates of medical assistance in dying across diseases to understand the relative effects of disease and jurisdiction.
Concerns Regarding Cardiac Rehabilitation and Patients With Lower Socioeconomic Status—Reply
Authors: Diann E. Gaalema, Sherrie Khadanga, Philip A. Ades
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal