tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a summer program for minority high school students in the clinical cancer center: The Future Gen Cancer Scholars program.
Authors: Thomas Ollila, Anthony E. Mega, Boris Martinez, Paula Salisbry, Annabelle Neville, Janell Johnson, Brett Dickens, John Tarantino, Luckson Omoaregba, Alissa Oakes, Howard Safran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e13703 Background: Individuals from minoritized communities receive less cancer screening, have higher stage at cancer diagnosis, and experience higher death rates. Helping minority high school students find a pathway to enter college and continue with advanced education and training and become leaders in cancer treatment, research and prevention may help reduce these inequities. Many public high schools in urban centers struggle in STEM education. The Rhode Island Hospital / Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University partnered with the Papitto Opportunity Connection in Rhode Island to create the Future Gen Cancer Scholars program. Methods: High school students were invited to apply from Providence and surrounding communities. Accepted applicants became paid hospital employees and received training in professional conduct, protected health information and other skills necessary to shadow physicians in inpatient and outpatient settings. The summer curriculum included physician shadowing, radiology, pathology, student run tumor boards, seminars and community outreach. Pre/post-surveys were collected where students rated their experiences and beliefs regarding cancer careers on a 5-point Likert scale. Open-ended questions were added to evaluate interest in pursuing a career in oncology. Results: 20 high school students participated in the program’s first cohort. 70% self-identified as Hispanic/Latinx and 30% as African American, 85% were female, 90% attended a public school. Pre- and post-surveys were completed by 17 students. The 5-point Likert scale showed improvement in an understanding of oncology careers (pre, 3.9; post, 4.5), interest in pursuing a related career (pre, 3.1; post, 3.8), and recognition of available educational resources within their communities (pre, 3.9; post 4.3). Confidence in overcoming educational access barriers slightly decreased (pre-4.1; post-3.8) due to the increased awareness of the length, cost and process of medical training. Most students described the Future Gen Program as helping them identify career goals and a path forward. Conclusions: The Future Gen program helped solidify minority high school students’ desire to become leaders in cancer care and may provide a path forward to achieve this goal. We will track students’ educational and research achievements over time to measure the program’s impact. The establishment of a successful local model can provide a framework for a nationwide program.
Breast cancer disparities among Hispanics in the US: Insights into healthcare access.
Authors: Estefania Roldan, Ted A. James, Ilana Schlam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e13734 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women in the US. Hispanics account for 19.1% of the US population, ranking as the second-largest racial/ethnic group, following the Non-Hispanics White (NHW) population. We aimed to assess the current BC characteristics and treatment patterns among Hispanics in the US. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry (SEER). Women newly diagnosed with breast cancer stages 1-3 between 2018 and 2020 were included. Bivariable analyses were conducted using two-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum and Chi2 square to evaluate delay in treatment, defined as a lapse of 3+ months between diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. Treatment encompassed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, or upfront surgery. Results: The study included 135,690 participants, among whom 16.5% (22,346) were Hispanic. Hispanic women were notably younger than their NHW counterparts (58 vs 65 years old). Most Hispanic and NHW patients resided in metropolitan areas and counties with an MHI exceeding $75,000. While both groups were predominantly diagnosed with Stage 1 IDC, it is noteworthy that a higher proportion of Hispanics tended to be diagnosed at more advanced stages (25.3% vs 17.9%). Additionally, Hispanic and NHW women were mostly diagnosed with HR+/HER2- BC (70.1% vs. 77.7%). Moreover, Hispanics had a higher percentage of HER2+ (15.2% vs. 11.5%) and TNBC (11.4% vs. 8.5%). Hispanics and NHW patients received mostly upfront surgery (74.3% vs. 83.1%), although a larger percentage of Hispanics were treated with NACT (20.8% vs 12.4%). Hispanic patients had a median time to treatment of 1.5 ± 1.34 months, while NHW patients had a shorter time of 1.22 ± 1.07 months, p-value &lt;0.001. After adjusting for all variables, Hispanic women had 2.47 times the odds of experiencing a treatment delay compared to NHW women. Conclusions: This study reveals healthcare access disparities for Hispanic BC patients, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Personalized strategies in clinical practice and health policy are crucial for ensuring equitable outcomes for all. [Table: see text]
Advancing precision medicine in cutaneous oncology through 3D high-frequency ultrasound imaging.
Authors: Julian Henke, Jiwoong Jason Jeong, Xiaofeng Yang, Mohammad Khurram Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e13625 Background: Clinical assessment of tumor depth and shape often requires biopsy, especially when evaluating skin cancers. High Frequency Ultrasound (HFUS) is a non-invasive clinical tool that can quickly produce high resolution images ideally suited for evaluating topical tumors. In comparison to other imaging modalities, HFUS do not always provide the spatial data required to model 3-dimensional (3D) tumors. Currently, 3D-images are an amalgamation of many segmented image slices. However, in outpatient clinics it is unrealistic for HFUS devices and clinicians to gather large sets of image data. In our present original research, we aimed to overcome limited number of HFUS and dermatoscopic images by constructing a simple framework to process sparse and non-spatial data into working 3D skin tumor models. Methods: We analyzed two different skin tumors, the dermal duct tumor (DDT) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), each with different number of HFUS images at 30Hz and 50Hz respectively. 1 set of 6 parallel images were obtained for the BCC, while 2 orthogonal sets of 6 parallel images were obtained for the DDT. For each tumor, a single dermatoscopic photo and sets of bitmap HFUS images with a resolution of 1024 x 512 were taken. Our study was IRB-approved. Mathematica and MATLAB, both with accessible documentation, were used to process images. Results: We developed a novel algorithmic approach to produce 3D tumor models with limited medical data. Both tumors appear corporally hypoechoic under HFUS. Mathematica was used to first reduce HFUS image noise and binarize the tumor region with a bilateral Gaussian filter. The user-friendly MATLAB Image Segmenter application manually filled the region of interest. Next, Mathematica was used to orient and plot tumor borders in 3D. Finally, we encompassed the borders with a 3D convex hull to conservatively predict tight margins around the tumor. Conclusions: Our simplified approach allows clinicians and scientists to produce 3D renderings of tumor margins. Margin control must always be balanced with a positive surgical outcome. By approaching our 3D-model with a convex hull around sampled border cross-sections, we chose a conservative approach that focuses skin tumor margin evaluation. Our results promote precision medicine and planning into the current standard of skin cancer treatment. Our findings can allow tracking tumor progression or treatment possible via non-invasive evaluation of tumor depth and contour. An aim of our present research is to lower the barrier of 3D construction in clinical settings. Simple algorithms, such as shown in our work, transform orthogonal and sparse data into usable data that can be implemented to train machine learning and artificial intelligent programs. Future research tailoring this approach may allow instant programming of HFUS images to non-invasively render cutaneous tumor borders and depth in real time during clinical examination.
Primary exposure to Zika virus is linked with increased risk of symptomatic dengue virus infection with serotypes 2, 3, and 4, but not 1
Authors: José Victor Zambrana, Chloe M. Hasund, Rosemary A. Aogo, Sandra Bos, Sonia Arguello, Karla Gonzalez, Damaris Collado, Tatiana Miranda, Guillermina Kuan, Aubree Gordon, Angel Balmaseda, Leah C. Katzelnick, Eva Harris
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV1-4) can protect against or enhance subsequent dengue depending on preexisting antibodies and infecting serotype. Additionally, primary infection with the related flavivirus Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with increased risk of DENV2 disease. Here, we measured how prior DENV and ZIKV immunity influenced risk of disease caused by DENV1-4 in a pediatric Nicaraguan cohort. Of 3412 participants in 2022, 10.6% experienced dengue cases caused by DENV1 (
Assessing ChatGPT's potential as a clinical resource for medical oncologists: An evaluation with board-style questions and real-world patient cases.
Authors: Hyun Lee, Zahra Hamedi, David Oliver, Hui Lin, Uzma Athar, Hiba Zainab Vohra, Peter Daniels, Sejal Kothadia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e13628 Background: ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) model that learns from massive text-based datasets and then responds to user input, which often involves completing tasks or answering questions. Recent studies showed ChatGPT’s success in passing multiple specialty medical licensing and board examinations, showcasing its promising capabilities in the medical domain. Here, we investigated ChatGPT's potential as a swift and reliable information source for medical oncologists using board examination style questions and real patient cases. Methods: We randomly selected 121 board-style questions from the American Society of Clinical Oncology Self-Evaluation Program (ASCO SEP). The questions were entered into ChatGPT in both multiple-choice (MC) and open-ended (OE) prompts. ChatGPT’s answers and explanations were evaluated for accuracy and concordance. Non-inferiority analysis was performed with power of 80% at α = 0.05 and non-inferiority margin set at 70% correct answers given the historical board exam pass rate of about 65% correct answers. For subgroup analysis, the questions were categorized by tested competency and primary tumor pathology. ChatGPT was also given 10 questions derived from real patient cases. We compared its responses to the answers provided by experienced oncologists to determine accuracy and practical applicability. Results: ChatGPT answered 75 (62.0%) MC queries correctly. Among the correctly answered queries, 2 responses contained faulty explanations. Such inaccurate or discordant explanations were found in 26 of the 46 incorrectly answered queries. In OE prompts, ChatGPT answered 53 (43.8%) questions correctly with correct explanations for all. Of the 68 incorrect responses, 32 of them contained inaccurate or discordant explanations. Subgroup analysis suggested varying performance across the categories. The best performance was seen with malignant hematology (81.8% of MC and 72.8% of OE prompts answered correctly) while the weakest performance was seen with genitourinary malignancies (60% of MC and 20% of OE prompts answered correctly). As for the real-world patient case questions, responses from ChatGPT and the clinicians were concordant in 5 questions. None of the discordant responses contained inaccurate information while 80% of the concordant responses contained sufficient details to assist with patient management decisions. Conclusions: ChatGPT's performance fell short of the non-inferiority margin, highlighting the challenges with incorporating AI in the rapidly evolving field of medical oncology. Despite the limitations, ChatGPT’s partial success, in both board-style and real-world patient care questions, affirms its potential for clinical utility in future.
Payload-delivering engineered γδ T cells display enhanced cytotoxicity, persistence, and efficacy in preclinical models of osteosarcoma
Authors: Daniel Fowler, Marta Barisa, Alba Southern, Callum Nattress, Elizabeth Hawkins, Eleni Vassalou, Angeliki Kanouta, John Counsell, Enrique Rota, Petra Vlckova, Benjamin Draper, Tessa De Mooij, Andrea Farkas, Helena Brezovjakova, Alfie T. Baker, Katia Scotlandi, Maria C. Manara, Chris Tape, Kerry Chester, John Anderson, Jonathan Fisher
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

T cell–based cancer immunotherapy has typically relied on membrane-bound cytotoxicity enhancers such as chimeric antigen receptors expressed in autologous αβ T cells. These approaches are limited by tonic signaling of synthetic constructs and costs associated with manufacturing. γδ T cells are an emerging alternative for cellular therapy, having innate antitumor activity, potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and minimal alloreactivity. We present an immunotherapeutic platform technology built around the innate properties of the Vγ9Vδ2 T cell, harnessing specific characteristics of this cell type and offering an allocompatible cellular therapy that recruits bystander immunity. We engineered γδ T cells to secrete synthetic tumor-targeting opsonins in the form of an scFv-Fc fusion protein and a mitogenic IL-15Rα–IL-15 fusion protein (stIL15). Using GD2 as a model antigen, we show that GD2-specific opsonin-secreting Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells) have enhanced cytotoxicity and promote bystander activity of other lymphoid and myeloid cells. Secretion of stIL-15 abrogated the need for exogenous cytokine supplementation and further mediated activation of bystander natural killer cells. Compared with unmodified γδ T cells, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells exhibited superior in vivo control of subcutaneous tumors and persistence in the blood. Moreover, stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells were efficacious against patient-derived osteosarcomas in animal models and in vitro, where efficacy could be boosted with the addition of zoledronic acid. Together, the data identify stIL15-OPS-γδ T cells as a candidate allogeneic cell therapy platform combining direct cytolysis with bystander activation to promote tumor control.
EMBARK: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Three Approaches to Reducing Diabetes Distress and Improving HbA1c in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Danielle M. Hessler, Lawrence Fisher, Susan Guzman, Lisa Strycker, William H. Polonsky, Andrew Ahmann, Grazia Aleppo, Nicholas B. Argento, Joseph Henske, Sarah Kim, Elizabeth Stephens, Katherine Greenberg, Umesh Masharani
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

To compare the effectiveness of three interventions to reduce diabetes distress (DD) and improve HbA1c among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Inflammatory risk and cardiovascular events in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease: the ORFAN multicentre, longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Kenneth Chan, Elizabeth Wahome, Apostolos Tsiachristas, Alexios S Antonopoulos, Parijat Patel, Maria Lyasheva, Lucy Kingham, Henry West, Evangelos K Oikonomou, Lucrezia Volpe, Michail C Mavrogiannis, Edward Nicol, Tarun K Mittal, Thomas Halborg, Rafail A Kotronias, David Adlam, Bhavik Modi, Jonathan Rodrigues, Nicholas Screaton, Attila Kardos, John P Greenwood, Nikant Sabharwal, Giovanni Luigi De Maria, Shahzad Munir, Elisa McAlindon, Yogesh Sohan, Pete Tomlins, Muhammad Siddique, Andrew Kelion, Cheerag Shirodaria, Francesca Pugliese, Steffen E Petersen, Ron Blankstein, Milind Desai, Bernard J Gersh, Stephan Achenbach, Peter Libby, Stefan Neubauer, Keith M Channon, John Deanfield, Charalambos Antoniades
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Durvalumab or placebo plus gemcitabine and cisplatin in participants with advanced biliary tract cancer (TOPAZ-1): updated overall survival from a randomised phase 3 study
Authors: Do-Youn Oh, Aiwu Ruth He, Mohamed Bouattour, Takuji Okusaka, Shukui Qin, Li-Tzong Chen, Masayuki Kitano, Choong-kun Lee, Jin Won Kim, Ming-Huang Chen, Thatthan Suksombooncharoen, Masafumi Ikeda, Myung Ah Lee, Jen-Shi Chen, Piotr Potemski, Howard A Burris, Vikas Ostwal, Suebpong Tanasanvimon, Chigusa Morizane, Renata E Zaucha, Mairéad G McNamara, Antonio Avallone, Juan E Cundom, Valeriy Breder, Benjamin Tan, Satoshi Shimizu, David Tougeron, Ludovic Evesque, Mila Petrova, David B Zhen, Roopinder Gillmore, Vineet Govinda Gupta, Farshid Dayyani, Joon Oh Park, Gary L Buchschacher, Felipe Rey, Hyosung Kim, Julie Wang, Claire Morgan, Nana Rokutanda, Magdalena Żotkiewicz, Arndt Vogel, Juan W Valle
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and violence in Denmark: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Sandra Feodor Nilsson, Thomas Munk Laursen, Lars Højsgaard Andersen, Merete Nordentoft, Seena Fazel
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

Homelessness is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. People experiencing homelessness have been found to have a high risk of violent crime victimisation as well as high prevalence of psychiatric disorders. It is poorly understood whether experiencing homelessness is associated with additional risks of violent offending and whether psychiatric disorders contribute to these risks. We examined the association between homelessness, psychiatric disorders, and first violence offence leading to conviction.
Responding to India's data and transparency
Authors: Prasanta Raghab Mohapatra
Journal: The Lancet (2024)

I am intrigued by The Lancet's Editorial on India's elections,1The Lancet India's elections: why data and transparency matter.Lancet. 2024; 403: 1419Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar urging data transparency before the 2024 parliamentary elections. Despite setbacks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, initiatives such as Aadhaar (national unique identity number for each individual) and e-census aim to streamline health-care data collection for efficient monitoring and planning. India's assumption of the G20 presidency symbolises a historic moment for Indian leadership worldwide.2Kumar A The transformation of the Indian healthcare system.Cureus. 2023; 15: e39079Google Scholar The absence of evidence data for the public does not necessarily indicate an absence of data. The health-care system in India is a complex network that involves both public and private sectors, and caters to a large population of 1·4 billion individuals. The Government has implemented various health-care initiatives, such as the National Health Mission, and these initiatives have increased access to medical equipment and fostered community engagement in health-care decision making. The Ayushman Bharat scheme, a pioneering health insurance programme, offers coverage of up to INR 500 000 annually per family for hospitalisation.2Kumar A The transformation of the Indian healthcare system.Cureus. 2023; 15: e39079Google Scholar India's health-care sector is seeing innovations in medical technology and delivery models, with regulations evolving to prioritise patient safety, quality care, and cost-effectiveness. India has become a preferred destination for medical tourism due to its affordable procedures, skilled medical professionals, and advanced technology.3Koya SF Kumar S India's indefinitely delayed census.Lancet. 2023; 402: 962-963Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (0) Google Scholar Furthermore, the country is recognised as a global manufacturing leader, and is committed to providing cost-effective vaccines worldwide.4Kumar Suri R Hayman B Prasad SD Makhoana M Tippoo P Vaccines: new challenges, new paradigms, new opportunities: report of the 22nd DCVMN Annual General Meeting.Vaccine. 2022; 40: 3495-3505Crossref Scopus (0) Google Scholar Despite challenges, India has made considerable strides in data transparency and health-care investment, offering hope for a brighter future in Indian health care. I declare no competing interests. India's elections: why data and transparency matterLater this month, Indians will head to the polls in what will be the largest election in history. 970 million people, more than 10% of the world population, will vote in the 2024 Lok Sabha (House of the People) parliamentary elections between April 19 and June 4. Opinion polls suggest that Prime Minister Narendra Modi, leader of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, and his coalition will win a third successive 5-year term. Under Modi's leadership, India has seen a remarkable, albeit unequal, economic boom. Full-Text PDF
BL-B01D1, a first-in-class EGFR–HER3 bispecific antibody–drug conjugate, in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours: a first-in-human, open-label, multicentre, phase 1 study
Authors: Yuxiang Ma, Yan Huang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Shen Zhao, Jinhui Xue, Yunpeng Yang, Wenfeng Fang, Ye Guo, Yaqian Han, Kunyu Yang, Yongsheng Li, Jun Yang, Zhenming Fu, Gang Chen, Likun Chen, Ningning Zhou, Ting Zhou, Yaxiong Zhang, Huaqiang Zhou, Qianwen Liu, Yi Zhu, Hai Zhu, Sa Xiao, Li Zhang, Hongyun Zhao
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Endoscopic mucosal resection for challenging colonic mucosal lesions
Authors: Min Fu, Lili Zhao, Xiaohan Jiang, Min Wang, Yulin Gu, Li Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Underwater cap-suction pseudopolyp formation for endoscopic mucosal resection: a simple technique for treating flat, appendiceal orifice or ileocecal valve colorectal lesionsEndoscopy 2023; 55(11): 1045-1050DOI: 10.1055/a-2115-7797
ESGE and Public Advocacy
Authors: Michael Bretthauer, Thierry Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Public advocacy includes a wide range of activities with the common feature of interaction of an organization with entities and individuals outside that organization. Public advocacy and lobbying are not the same. Lobbying is simply the attempt to influence decisions on behalf of a special interest group. Advocacy involves making a case and stimulating discussion based on scientific evidence and thoughtful reasoning. Scientific and evidence-based discussions are at the heart of public advocacy, while it is not a central issue in lobbying. The ESGE recognizes public advocacy as an important task and societal responsibility.
Sexual violence in the workplace and associated health outcomes: a nationwide, cross-sectional analysis of women in Iceland
Authors: Svava Dogg Jonsdottir, Edda Bjork Thordardottir, Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir, Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Sigurbjorg Anna Gudnadottir, Johanna Jakobsdottir, Harpa Runarsdottir, Gunnar Tomasson, Thor Aspelund, Arna Hauksdottir
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)
Acupuncture as the cause of a hematoma-mediated colon obstruction treated endoscopically
Authors: Hai Lu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Endoscopic treatment for a hematoma-mediated colon obstruction caused by acupuncture: A rare case reportEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E713-E714DOI: 10.1055/a-2078-0392
Reply to Fu et al.
Authors: Hugo I. Uchima, Raquel Muñoz-González, Anna Calm, Maria Pellisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Endoscopic mucosal resection for challenging colonic mucosal lesionsEndoscopy 2024; 56(06): 463-464DOI: 10.1055/a-2233-0029