tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social Vulnerability and Poor Health Outcomes
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Sadiya S. Khan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

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Early Implementation of Exercise to Facilitate Recovery After Breast Cancer Surgery
Authors: Jihee Min, Jee Ye Kim, Jiin Ryu, Seho Park, Kerry S. Courneya, Jennifer Ligibel, Seung Il Kim, Justin Y. Jeon
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Recovery of shoulder function following breast cancer surgery is crucial for physical functioning and quality of life. While early implementation of shoulder rehabilitation exercises may enhance recovery, the optimal timing and exercise program remain unclear.
CAR+ extracellular vesicles predict ICANS in patients with B cell lymphomas treated with CD19-directed CAR T cells
Authors: Gianluca Storci, Francesco De Felice, Francesca Ricci, Spartaco Santi, Daria Messelodi, Salvatore Nicola Bertuccio, Noemi Laprovitera, Michele Dicataldo, Lucrezia Rossini, Serena De Matteis, Beatrice Casadei, Francesca Vaglio, Margherita Ursi, Francesco Barbato, Marcello Roberto, Maria Guarino, Gian Maria Asioli, Mario Arpinati, Pietro Cortelli, Enrico Maffini, Enrica Tomassini, Marta Tassoni, Carola Cavallo, Francesco Iannotta, Maria Naddeo, Pier Luigi Tazzari, Elisa Dan, Cinzia Pellegrini, Serafina Guadagnuolo, Matteo Carella, Barbara Sinigaglia, Chiara Pirazzini, Caterina Severi, Paolo Garagnani, Katarzyna Malgorzata Kwiatkowska, Manuela Ferracin, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Massimiliano Bonafè, Francesca Bonifazi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

BACKGROUND. Predicting Immune-effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) in patients infused with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR-T) is still a conundrum. This complication, thought to be consequent to CAR-T cell activation, arises a few days after infusion, when circulating CAR-T cells are scarce and specific CAR-T cell-derived biomarkers are lacking.
Genomic profiling of a skin adnexal carcinomas cohort using a comprehensive high throughput sequencing approach
Authors: Baptiste Louveau, Ines Nakouri, Fanélie Jouenne, Barouyr Baroudjian, Aurélie Sadoux, Laetitia Da Meda, Amélie Osio, Fanny Reinhart, Julien Robert, Florian Herms, Bernard Cribier, Laurent Mortier, Thomas Jouary, Nicole Basset Seguin, Céleste Lebbé, Samia Mourah, Maxime Battistella
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

We conducted a comprehensive molecular characterization of a cohort of 77 patients with skin adnexal carcinomas and compared our findings with those of other skin carcinomas. We highlighted genomic profiles bringing insights regarding classification, tumorigenesis processes and therapeutic options.
Responsiveness to Change of the Morphea Activity Measure in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Maria Teresa García-Romero, Heather A. Brandling-Bennett, Elena Pope, Cathryn Sibbald, Isabel Medina-Vera, Itzel Guadalupe Elizalde-Jiménez, Yvonne E. Chiu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Detecting activity of morphea can be complex but is crucial for adequate treatment and outcome assessment. The Morphea Activity Measure (MAM) was recently validated, but its responsiveness to change in disease activity has not been studied.
Neutrophil-mediated hypoxia drives pathogenic CD8 T cell responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Erin A. Fowler, Camila Farias Amorim, Klauss Mostacada, Allison Yan, Laís Amorim Sacramento, Rae A. Stanco, Emily D.S. Hales, Aditi Varkey, Wenjing Zong, Gary D. Wu, Camila I. de Oliveira, Patrick L. Collins, Fernanda O. Novais
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania parasites exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations. Although parasites influence disease severity, cytolytic CD8 T cell responses mediate disease. While these responses originate in the lymph node, we found that expression of the cytolytic effector molecule granzyme B was restricted to lesional CD8 T cells in Leishmania-infected mice, suggesting that local cues within inflamed skin induced cytolytic function. Expression of Blimp-1 (Prdm1), a transcription factor necessary for cytolytic CD8 T cell differentiation, was driven by hypoxia within the inflamed skin. Hypoxia was further enhanced by the recruitment of neutrophils that consumed oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species and ultimately increased the hypoxic state and granzyme B expression in CD8 T cells. Importantly, lesions from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients exhibited hypoxia transcription signatures that correlated with the presence of neutrophils. Thus, targeting hypoxia-driven signals that support local differentiation of cytolytic CD8 T cells may improve the prognosis for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as other inflammatory skin diseases where cytolytic CD8 T cells contribute to pathogenesis.
Large Language Model Capabilities in Perioperative Risk Prediction and Prognostication
Authors: Philip Chung, Christine T. Fong, Andrew M. Walters, Nima Aghaeepour, Meliha Yetisgen, Vikas N. O’Reilly-Shah
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

General-domain large language models may be able to perform risk stratification and predict postoperative outcome measures using a description of the procedure and a patient's electronic health record notes.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies IFNICs as a cellular target for mitigating the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm and rupture risk
Authors: Sheng Le, Jia Wu, Hao Liu, Yifan Du, Dashuai Wang, Jingjing Luo, Peiwen Yang, Shuan Ran, Poyi Hu, Manhua Chen, Ping Ye, Jiahong Xia
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents a life-threatening condition characterized by medial layer degeneration of the abdominal aorta. Nevertheless, knowledge regarding changes in regulators associated with aortic status remains incomplete. A thorough understanding of cell types and signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of AAAs is essential for the development of medical therapy.
The role of OX40 ligand/OX40 axis signalling in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Emma Guttman-Yassky, Michael Croft, Bob Geng, Natalie Rynkiewicz, Davide Lucchesi, Mark Peakman, Cassandra van Krinks, Wendell Valdecantos, Heming Xing, Stephan Weidinger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Lay Summary Atopic dermatitis (AD) (also known as atopic eczema) is a common skin disease caused by inflammation, and affects 2–3 of every 10 people worldwide. AD affects people of all ages and can cause a range of symptoms, including dry thickened skin, itchiness, rashes and pain. Despite the recent addition of new targeted treatment options, there is still a need for new treatments for people with moderate-to-severe AD. New drugs are being studied that target two important signalling molecules in the immune system, called OX40 ligand (OX40L) and OX40. OX40L and OX40 bind together to continue the cycle of immune system activation, leading to increasing symptoms of AD. Blocking the OX40L and OX40 interaction may ease or stop symptoms of AD. This review outlines what is currently known about the causes of AD, including the role played by the immune system and specifically the role of OX40L and OX40. We also highlight the development of new treatments that target the OX40L and OX40 interaction to treat AD, and suggest what the future may hold for managing AD.
Extended Swedish Adoption Study of Adverse Stress Responses and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Ananda B. Amstadter, Linda Abrahamsson, Shannon Cusack, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Importance Twin studies have found that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors within a generation. No study has used an adoption design, which can address questions about the degree and sources of cross-generational transmission of adverse stress responses (ASRs) and PTSD. Objectives To examine whether ASRs or PTSD are transmitted from parents to offspring, and to clarify the relative importance of genes and rearing. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used nationwide Swedish registry data from parents and offspring (n = 2 194 171, born 1960-1992) of 6 types of families (intact; had not lived with biological father; had not lived with biological mother; lived with stepfather; lived with stepmother; and adoptive). Follow-up occurred on December 31, 2018, and data were analyzed from March 3, 2023, to January 16, 2024. Exposures Three sources of parent-offspring resemblance: genes plus rearing, genes only, and rearing only. Main Outcomes and Measures Diagnoses of ASRs or PTSD were obtained from national inpatient, outpatient, and primary care medical registries. Parent-child resemblance was assessed by tetrachoric correlation. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to control for possible shared traumatic events. Results The study population included 2 194 171 individuals of 6 family types (1 146 703 [52.3%] male; median [range] age, 42 [20-63] years). The weighted tetrachoric correlations across family types were 0.15 (95% CI, 0.15-0.16) for genes plus rearing, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06-0.11) for genes only, and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.07-0.12) for rearing only. Controlling for potential shared traumatic events, sensitivity analyses found that the correlation for rearing decreased, with the most conservative control (exclusion of parent-offspring dyads with onset of ASRs or PTSD within 1 year) suggesting equal correlations with genes and rearing. Conclusions and Relevance Diagnosis of ASRs or PTSD demonstrated cross-generational transmission, including both genetic and rearing correlations. Sensitivity analyses suggested that shared traumatic events partially accounted for the observed rearing correlations.
Potential Sexual Transmission of Tinea Pubogenitalis From TMVII
Authors: Avrom S. Caplan, Michelle Sikora, Arianna Strome, Christine C. Akoh, Caitlin Otto, Sudha Chaturvedi, John G. Zampella
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case report describes a patient with Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer genotype VII resulting in tinea genitalis, glutealis, and corporis.
Preoperative low skeletal muscle mass index assessed using L3-CT as a prognostic marker of clinical outcomes in pancreatic cancer patients undergoing surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pauline Raoul, Marco Cintoni, Alessandro Coppola, Sergio Alfieri, Giampaolo Tortora, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Cristina Mele, Emanuele Rinninella
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Reduction in muscle mass can be routinely quantified using computed tomography (CT) of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) during a curative pancreatic cancer (PC) course. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between preoperative low skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured by L3 CT and postoperative clinical outcomes in PC resectable patients.
Genetic Testing for Global Developmental Delay in Early Childhood
Authors: Jiamei Zhang, Yiran Xu, Yun Liu, Ling Yue, Hongfang Jin, Yongqian Chen, Dong Wang, Mingmei Wang, Gongxun Chen, Lei Yang, Guangyu Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Sansong Li, Huiling Zhao, Yunxia Zhao, Guohui Niu, Yongqiang Gao, Zhijun Cai, Fan Yang, Changlian Zhu, Dengna Zhu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Global developmental delay (GDD) is characterized by a complex etiology, diverse phenotypes, and high individual heterogeneity, presenting challenges for early clinical etiologic diagnosis. Cognitive impairment is the core symptom, and despite the pivotal role of genetic factors in GDD development, the understanding of them remains limited. Objectives To assess the utility of genetic detection in patients with GDD and to examine the potential molecular pathogenesis of GDD to identify targets for early intervention. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, prospective cohort study enrolled patients aged 12 to 60 months with GDD from 6 centers in China from July 4, 2020, to August 31, 2023. Participants underwent trio whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) coupled with copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). Bioinformatics analysis was used to unravel pathogenesis and identify therapeutic targets. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes of this study involved enhancing the rate of positive genetic diagnosis for GDD, broadening the scope of genetic testing indications, and investigating the underlying pathogenesis. The classification of children into levels of cognitive impairment was based on the developmental quotient assessed using the Gesell scale. Results The study encompassed 434 patients with GDD (262 [60%] male; mean [SD] age, 25.75 [13.24] months) with diverse degrees of cognitive impairment: mild (98 [23%]), moderate (141 [32%]), severe (122 [28%]), and profound (73 [17%]). The combined use of trio-WES and CNV-seq resulted in a 61% positive detection rate. Craniofacial abnormalities (odds ratio [OR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.45-3.56), moderate or severe cognitive impairment (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.70), and age between 12 and 24 months (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05-2.35) were associated with a higher risk of carrying genetic variants. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis suggested that genetic variants may induce alterations in brain development and function, which may give rise to cognitive impairment. Moreover, an association was found between the dopaminergic pathway and cognitive impairment. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with GDD, combining trio-WES with CNV-seq was a demonstrable, instrumental strategy for advancing the diagnosis of GDD. The close association among genetic variations, brain development, and clinical phenotypes contributed valuable insights into the pathogenesis of GDD. Notably, the dopaminergic pathway emerged as a promising focal point for potential targets in future precision medical interventions for GDD.
Transient stabilization of human cardiovascular progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells <i>in vitro</i> reflects stage-specific heart development <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Emiliano Bolesani, Dorothee Bornhorst, Lavanya M Iyer, Dorota Zawada, Nina Friese, Michael Morgan, Lucas Lange, David M Gonzalez, Nadine Schrode, Andreas Leffler, Julian Wunder, Annika Franke, Lika Drakhlis, Robert Sebra, Axel Schambach, Alexander Goedel, Nicole C Dubois, Gergana Dobreva, Alessandra Moretti, Laura C Zelaráyan, Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried, Robert Zweigerdt
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Understanding the molecular identity of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiac progenitors and mechanisms controlling their proliferation and differentiation is valuable for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.
Emergency Medical Service Agency Practices and Cardiac Arrest Survival
Authors: Saket Girotra, Kimberly C. Dukes, Jessica Sperling, Kevin Kennedy, Marina Del Rios, Remle Crowe, Ashish R. Panchal, Thomas Rea, Bryan F. McNally, Paul S. Chan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies widely across emergency medical service (EMS) agencies in the US. However, little is known about which EMS practices are associated with higher agency-level survival.
Cannabis Use Reported by Patients Receiving Primary Care in a Large Health System
Authors: Lillian Gelberg, Dana Beck, Julia Koerber, Whitney N. Akabike, Lawrence Dardick, Clara Lin, Steve Shoptaw, Marjan Javanbakht
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Despite the changing legal status of cannabis and the potential impact on health, few health systems routinely screen for cannabis use, and data on the epidemiology of cannabis use, and especially medical cannabis use among primary care patients, are limited. Objective To describe the prevalence of, factors associated with, and reasons for past–3 month cannabis use reported by primary care patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used electronic health record data from patients aged 18 years and older who had an annual wellness visit between January 2021 and May 2023 from a primary care clinic within a university-based health system in Los Angeles, California. Exposures Factors of interest included age, race and ethnicity, sex, employment status, and neighborhood Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Main Outcomes and Measures Cannabis use was assessed using the Alcohol Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Patients were also asked about reasons for use, symptoms for which they used cannabis, and mode of use. Results Among the 175 734 patients screened, the median (range) age was 47 (18-102) years; 101 657 (58.0%) were female; 25 278 (15.7%) were Asian, 21 971 (13.7%) were Hispanic, and 51 063 (31.7%) were White. Cannabis use was reported by 29 898 (17.0%), with 10 360 (34.7%) having ASSIST scores indicative of moderate to high risk for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Prevalence of cannabis use was higher among male patients than female patients (14 939 [20.0%] vs 14 916 [14.7%]) and younger patients (18-29 years, 7592 [31.0%]; ≥60 years, 4200 [8.5%]), and lower among those who lived in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI decile 9-10, 189 [13.8%]; ADI decile 1-2, 12 431 [17.4%]). The most common modes of use included edibles (18 201 [61.6%]), smoking (15 256 [51.7%]), and vaporizing (8555 [29.0%]). While 4375 patients who reported using cannabis (15.6%) did so for medical reasons only, 21 986 patients (75.7%) reported using cannabis to manage symptoms including pain (9196 [31.7%]), stress (14 542 [50.2%]), and sleep (16 221 [56.0%]). The median (IQR) number of symptoms managed was 2 (1-4), which was higher among patients who were at moderate to high risk for CUD (4 [2-6] symptoms). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, cannabis use and risk of CUD were common, and more than three-quarters of patients who reported any cannabis use reported doing so to manage a health-related symptom. These findings suggest that integration of information regarding cannabis use for symptom management could help provide a crucial point-of-care opportunity for clinicians to understand their patients’ risk for CUD.
New Supplemental Benefits and Plan Ratings Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees
Authors: Emma L. Tucher, David J. Meyers, Amal N. Trivedi, Laura M. Gottlieb, Kali S. Thomas
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

In 2018, the US Congress gave Medicare Advantage (MA) historic flexibility to address members' social needs with a set of Special Supplemental Benefits for the Chronically Ill (SSBCIs). In response, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services expanded the definition of primarily health-related benefits (PHRBs) to include nonmedical services in 2019. Uptake has been modest; MA plans cited a lack of evidence as a limiting factor. To evaluate the association between adopting the expanded supplemental benefits designed to address MA enrollees' nonmedical and social needs and enrollees' plan ratings. This cohort study compared the plan ratings of MA enrollees in plans that adopted an expanded PHRB, SSBCI, or both using difference-in-differences estimators with MA Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems survey data from March to June 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 linked to Medicare administrative claims and publicly available benefits and enrollment data. Data analysis was performed between April 2023 and March 2024. Enrollees in MA plans that adopted a PHRB and/or SSBCI in 2021. Enrollee plan rating on a 0- to 10-point scale, with 0 indicating the worst health plan possible and 10 indicating the best health plan possible. The study sample included 388 356 responses representing 467 MA contracts and 2558 plans in 2021. Within the weighted population of responders, the mean (SD) age was 74.6 (8.7) years, 57.2% were female, 8.9% were fully Medicare-Medicaid dual eligible, 74.6% had at least 1 chronic medical condition, 13.7% had not graduated high school, 9.7% were helped by a proxy, 45.1% reported fair or poor physical health, and 15.6% were entitled to Medicare due to disability. Adopting both a new PHRB and SSBCI benefit in 2021 was associated with an increase of 0.22 out of 10 points (95% CI, 0.4-4.0 points) in mean enrollee plan ratings. There was no association between adoption of only a PHRB (adjusted difference, -0.12 points; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.02 points) or SSBCI (adjusted difference, 0.09 points; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.21 points) and plan rating. Medicare Advantage plans that adopted both benefits saw modest increases in mean enrollee plan ratings. This evidence suggests that more investments in supplemental benefits were associated with improved plan experiences, which could contribute to improved plan quality ratings.