tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exploring context-specific perspectives: a qualitative study on building climate resilience health-care facilities in southeast Asia
Authors: Connie Cai Ru Gan, Rachael Madders
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Although existing literature provides various tools, frameworks, and guidelines for building health-care facilities that can withstand the impacts of climate change, there is little research focused on the practical implementation of such strategies. This gap in the research is particularly noticeable when applying these guidelines to specific geographical and environmental contexts. We focus specifically on the southeast Asia region, a region that has been identified as one of the most susceptible to the effects of a changing climate. By offering practical, region-specific recommendations, we hope to contribute to the ongoing efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change on health-care infrastructure and services. <h3>Methods</h3> To gain a comprehensive understanding of the specific challenges, needs, and feasible indicators for progress towards climate resilience in health-care facilities, we conducted in-depth interviews with members of the Global Green and Healthy Hospital Network in southeast Asia. Participants were selected based on a mix of facility and system parameters and were took into account various contexts, including urban and rural settings as well as low-income and high-income countries. Both private and public health systems and facilities were considered. This network comprises health-care professionals who are committed towards environmental sustainability and climate justice. <h3>Findings</h3> From Oct 6 to 28, 2023, we conducted interviews with eight participants and augmented this analysis with data drawn from existing published reports. The interview findings highlighted various primary areas of focus, which encompassed disaster readiness, low-carbon strategies, and the financial aspects of climate resilience. A prevailing theme was the importance of behaviour change alongside staff training and education. The unique perspective centres around the notion of health equity and its relationship with climate change. This perspective underscores the heightened awareness of environmental, economic, and social disparities that are exacerbated by climate change in southeast Asia. Issues include resistance to change, lack of public awareness, and economic versus ecological priorities. The absence of a standardised and systematic approach to implementing climate-resilient healthcare indicates a need for flexible and adaptable regional policies. <h3>Interpretation</h3> The findings of this study contribute to the broader understanding of how health services can be reoriented to face the realities of climate change effectively. This research outlines tangible recommendations for health services from both a process and impact points of view, and offers valuable insights for health policy makers, health-care providers, and researchers in the field. <h3>Funding</h3> Health Care Without Harm southeast Asia.
PERSIST: a pre–post study to assess an educational methodology to enhance youth climate literacy and systems thinking ability
Authors: Doris Zjalic, Alessio Perilli, Lorenza Nachira, Gaia Surya Lombardi, Chiara Cadeddu
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Background</h3> Education has a pivotal role in preparing society to address the forthcoming health impacts of the climate crisis. Education provides the tools necessary to instil both individual and collective attitudes for mitigating climate change, fosters the development of adaptive skills and mindsets, and promotes a critical understanding of climate change. The aim of the PERSIST project was to assess the effectiveness of a school educational intervention to strengthen literacy on the climate crisis, pro-environmental behaviours, and systems thinking in high school students (aged 14–18 years). <h3>Methods</h3> Three meetings were carried out in a scientific high school in the suburbs of Rome (Italy) between March 21, and April 12, 2023, using complex systems models, group activities, and collective discussions. Pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires were administered to students to record knowledge, climate-related emotions, and pro-environmental behaviours. Questionnaires that were complete were considered valid. The anonymously collected data were processed using descriptive statistics and <i>t</i> test. <h3>Findings</h3> A total of 273 students in ten different classes attending between grades 1 and 4 took part in the project. 78 (36%) participants were female, 133 (62%) were male, and four (2%) did not disclose their gender. The mean age was 15 years. We received 211 pairs of valid pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. The preliminary analysis showed an average increase of 19% in correct responses to knowledge questions, a 21·2% increase in pro-environmental behaviours, and no discernible differences in climate-related emotions between pre-intervention and post-intervention questionnaires. <h3>Interpretation</h3> An interactive approach and the use of complex systems might improve students' literacy and attitudes towards the climate crisis, without increasing negative ecological emotions. This pilot project can guide similar, repeatable programmes in other schools and countries and it represents the first measure of climate-related emotions after school intervention. <h3>Funding</h3> None.
Demographic, socioeconomic and life-course risk factors for internalized weight stigma in adulthood: evidence from an English birth cohort study
Authors: Amanda M. Hughes, Stuart W. Flint, Ken Clare, Antonis A. Kousoulis, Emily R. Rothwell, Helen Bould, Laura D. Howe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

Obesity is highly stigmatized, with negative obesity-related stereotypes widespread across society. Internalized weight stigma (IWS) is linked to negative outcomes including poor mental health and disordered eating. Previous evidence examining population groups at higher risk of experiencing IWS comes from small, nonrepresentative samples. Here, we re-assess previously reported associations of IWS with demographic, socioeconomic, and wider social factors in a large general population birth cohort study for the first time.
The Lancet Breast Cancer Commission
Authors: Charlotte E Coles, Helena Earl, Benjamin O Anderson, Carlos H Barrios, Maya Bienz, Judith M Bliss, David A Cameron, Fatima Cardoso, Wanda Cui, Prudence A Francis, Reshma Jagsi, Felicia Marie Knaul, Stuart A McIntosh, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Lukas Radbruch, Mareike K Thompson, Fabrice André, Jean E Abraham, Indrani S Bhattacharya, Maria Alice Franzoi, Lynsey Drewett, Alexander Fulton, Farasat Kazmi, Dharrnesha Inbah Rajah, Miriam Mutebi, Dianna Ng, Szeyi Ng, Olufunmilayo I Olopade, William E Rosa, Jeffrey Rubasingham, Dingle Spence, Hilary Stobart, Valentina Vargas Enciso, Ines Vaz-Luis, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Hector Arreola-Ornelas, Afsan Bhadelia, Judy C Boughey, Sanjoy Chatterjee, David Dodwell, Svetlana Doubova, Dorothy Du Plooy, Beverley Essue, Neha Goel, Julie Gralow, Sarah Hawley, Belinda Kiely, Ritse Mann, Shirley Mertz, Carlo Palmieri, Philip Poortmans, Tanja Spanic, Lesley Stephen, Fraser Symmans, Catherine Towns, Didier Verhoeven, Sarah Vinnicombe, David Watkins, Cheng-Har Yip, Brian Zikmund-Fisher
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Placental IGFBP1 levels during early pregnancy and the risk of insulin resistance and gestational diabetes
Authors: Marie-France Hivert, Frédérique White, Catherine Allard, Kaitlyn James, Sana Majid, François Aguet, Kristin G. Ardlie, Jose C. Florez, Andrea G. Edlow, Luigi Bouchard, Pierre-Étienne Jacques, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Camille E. Powe
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Abstract Reduced insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) is a hallmark of normal physiology in late pregnancy and also underlies gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We conducted transcriptomic profiling of 434 human placentas and identified a positive association between insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 gene ( IGFBP1 ) expression in the placenta and insulin sensitivity at ~26 weeks gestation. Circulating IGFBP1 protein levels rose over the course of pregnancy and declined postpartum, which, together with high gene expression levels in our placenta samples, suggests a placental or decidual source. Higher circulating IGFBP1 levels were associated with greater insulin sensitivity (lesser insulin resistance) at ~26 weeks gestation in the same cohort and in two additional pregnancy cohorts. In addition, low circulating IGFBP1 levels in early pregnancy predicted subsequent GDM diagnosis in two cohorts of pregnant women. These results implicate IGFBP1 in the glycemic physiology of pregnancy and suggest a role for placental IGFBP1 deficiency in GDM pathogenesis.
Single-mitosis dissection of acute and chronic DNA mutagenesis and repair
Authors: Paul Adrian Ginno, Helena Borgers, Christina Ernst, Anja Schneider, Mikaela Behm, Sarah J. Aitken, Martin S. Taylor, Duncan T. Odom
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)

Abstract How chronic mutational processes and punctuated bursts of DNA damage drive evolution of the cancer genome is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to disentangle and quantify distinct mechanisms underlying genome evolution in single cells, during single mitoses and at single-strand resolution. To distinguish between chronic (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and acute (ultraviolet light (UV)) mutagenesis, we microfluidically separate pairs of sister cells from the first mitosis following burst UV damage. Strikingly, UV mutations manifest as sister-specific events, revealing mirror-image mutation phasing genome-wide. In contrast, ROS mutagenesis in transcribed regions is reduced strand agnostically. Successive rounds of genome replication over persisting UV damage drives multiallelic variation at CC dinucleotides. Finally, we show that mutation phasing can be resolved to single strands across the entire genome of liver tumors from F1 mice. This strategy can be broadly used to distinguish the contributions of overlapping cancer relevant mutational processes.
A framework for implementing patient-reported outcomes in clinical care: the PROTEUS-practice guide
Authors: Norah L. Crossnohere, Nicola Anderson, Judith Baumhauer, Melanie Calvert, Rebecca Esparza, Sandi Gulbransen, Lotte Haverman, Yuchen Li, Carolyn Petersen, Ameeta Retzer, Christopher Sidey-Gibbons, Angela M. Stover, Elissa Thorner, Garrett Ursin, Galina Velikova, Elliott Sparkman Walker, Michael Brundage, Claire Snyder
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
A spatiotemporal atlas of cholestatic injury and repair in mice
Authors: Baihua Wu, Xinyi Shentu, Haitao Nan, Pengcheng Guo, Shijie Hao, Jiangshan Xu, Shuncheng Shangguan, Lei Cui, Jin Cen, Qiuting Deng, Yan Wu, Chang Liu, Yumo Song, Xiumei Lin, Zhifeng Wang, Yue Yuan, Wen Ma, Ronghai Li, Yikang Li, Qiwei Qian, Wensi Du, Tingting Lai, Tao Yang, Chuanyu Liu, Xiong Ma, Ao Chen, Xun Xu, Yiwei Lai, Longqi Liu, Miguel A. Esteban, Lijian Hui
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)
Small extracellular vesicles from young plasma reverse age-related functional declines by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism
Authors: Xiaorui Chen, Yang Luo, Qing Zhu, Jingzi Zhang, Huan Huang, Yansheng Kan, Dian Li, Ming Xu, Shuohan Liu, Jianxiao Li, Jinmeng Pan, Li Zhang, Yan Guo, Binghao Wang, Guantong Qi, Zhen Zhou, Chen-Yu Zhang, Lei Fang, Yanbo Wang, Xi Chen
Journal: Nature Aging (2024)

Recent investigations into heterochronic parabiosis have unveiled robust rejuvenating effects of young blood on aged tissues. However, the specific rejuvenating mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. Here we demonstrate that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from the plasma of young mice counteract pre-existing aging at molecular, mitochondrial, cellular and physiological levels. Intravenous injection of young sEVs into aged mice extends their lifespan, mitigates senescent phenotypes and ameliorates age-associated functional declines in multiple tissues. Quantitative proteomic analyses identified substantial alterations in the proteomes of aged tissues after young sEV treatment, and these changes are closely associated with metabolic processes. Mechanistic investigations reveal that young sEVs stimulate PGC-1α expression in vitro and in vivo through their miRNA cargoes, thereby improving mitochondrial functions and mitigating mitochondrial deficits in aged tissues. Overall, this study demonstrates that young sEVs reverse degenerative changes and age-related dysfunction, at least in part, by stimulating PGC-1α expression and enhancing mitochondrial energy metabolism.
Targeting KRASG12C in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Current Standards and Developments
Authors: Javier Torres-Jiménez, Javier Baena Espinar, Helena Bote de Cabo, María Zurera Berjaga, Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia, Jon Zugazagoitia Fraile, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: Drugs (2024)
From clinical psychiatry to implementation research and back again
Authors: None The Lancet Psychiatry
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2024)

In April, 2023, The Lancet Psychiatry published an Article by Damian Santomauro and colleagues showing that only 12·5% of the global burden of anxiety disorders is alleviated by routine health care, whereas 71·1% of global burden could be averted if all people with anxiety disorders had access to optimal treatment. Their approach was technical but the message is clear: successful treatments are available, the key challenge is how to make existing treatments available and acceptable to all those in need.
Biomarkers for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: emerging data for use of JC virus DNA copy number in clinical trials
Authors: Irene Cortese, Gina Norato, Patrick R Harrington, Therri Usher, Ilaria Mainardi, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Paola Cinque, Eugene O Major, Virginia Sheikh
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2024)
Non-fatal suicide behaviours across phases in the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-based study in a Catalan cohort
Authors: Víctor Serrano-Gimeno, Alba Diestre, Marina Agustin-Alcain, Maria J Portella, Javier de Diego-Adeliño, Thaïs Tiana, Nora Cheddi, Alejandro Distefano, Guillermo Dominguez, Marina Arias, Victor Cardoner, Dolors Puigdemont, Victor Perez, Narcís Cardoner
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2024)
National genomic epidemiology investigation revealed the spread of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in healthy populations and the impact on public health
Authors: Yan Li, Yanyan Zhang, Xinran Sun, Yuchen Wu, Zelin Yan, Xiaoyang Ju, Yonglu Huang, Hongwei Zhou, Zhiqiang Wang, Shaolin Wang, Rong Zhang, Ruichao Li
Journal: Genome Medicine (2024)

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) has been considered as WHO priority pathogens, causing a great public health concern globally. While CREC from patients has been thoroughly investigated, the prevalence and underlying risks of CREC in healthy populations have been overlooked. Systematic research on the prevalence of CREC in healthy individuals was conducted here. We aimed to characterize CREC collected from healthy populations in China between 2020 and 2022 and to compare the genomes of CREC isolates isolated from healthy individuals and clinical patients. Methods We present a nationwide investigation of CREC isolates among healthy populations in China, employing robust molecular and genomic analyses. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing, and bioinformatics were utilized to analyze a cohort of CREC isolates ( n = 113) obtained from fecal samples of 5 064 healthy individuals. Representative plasmids were extracted for third-generation nanopore sequencing. We previously collected 113 non-duplicate CREC isolates (59 in 2018, 54 in 2020) collected from ICU patients in 15 provinces and municipalities in China, and these clinical isolates were used to compare with the isolates in this study. Furthermore, we employ comparative genomics approaches to elucidate molecular variations and potential correlations between clinical and non-clinical CREC isolates. Results A total of 147 CREC isolates were identified from 5 064 samples collected across 11 provinces in China. These isolates were classified into 64 known sequence types (STs), but no dominant STs were observed. In total, seven carbapenemase genes were detected with bla NDM-5 ( n = 116) being the most prevalent one. Genetic environments and plasmid backbones of bla NDM were conserved in CREC isolated from healthy individuals. Furthermore, we compared clinical and healthy human-originated CRECs, revealing noteworthy distinctions in 23 resistance genes, including bla NDM-1 , bla NDM-5 , and bla KPC ( χ 2 test, p &lt; 0.05). Clinical isolates contained more virulence factors associated with iron uptake, adhesion, and invasion than those obtained from healthy individuals. Notably, CREC isolates generally found healthy people are detected in hospitalized patients. Conclusions Our findings underscore the significance of healthy populations-derived CRECs as a crucial reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of CREC isolates in healthy populations to accurately assess the potential risks posed by clinical CREC isolates.
Gut microbiota-host lipid crosstalk in Alzheimer’s disease: implications for disease progression and therapeutics
Authors: Ya-Xi Luo, Ling-Ling Yang, Xiu-Qing Yao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2024)

Abstract Trillions of intestinal bacteria in the human body undergo dynamic transformations in response to physiological and pathological changes. Alterations in their composition and metabolites collectively contribute to the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. The role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease is diverse and complex, evidence suggests lipid metabolism may be one of the potential pathways. However, the mechanisms that gut microbiota mediate lipid metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease pathology remain unclear, necessitating further investigation for clarification. This review highlights the current understanding of how gut microbiota disrupts lipid metabolism and discusses the implications of these discoveries in guiding strategies for the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s disease based on existing data.
PheSeq, a Bayesian deep learning model to enhance and interpret the gene-disease association studies
Authors: Xinzhi Yao, Sizhuo Ouyang, Yulong Lian, Qianqian Peng, Xionghui Zhou, Feier Huang, Xuehai Hu, Feng Shi, Jingbo Xia
Journal: Genome Medicine (2024)

Abstract Despite the abundance of genotype-phenotype association studies, the resulting association outcomes often lack robustness and interpretations. To address these challenges, we introduce PheSeq, a Bayesian deep learning model that enhances and interprets association studies through the integration and perception of phenotype descriptions. By implementing the PheSeq model in three case studies on Alzheimer’s disease, breast cancer, and lung cancer, we identify 1024 priority genes for Alzheimer’s disease and 818 and 566 genes for breast cancer and lung cancer, respectively. Benefiting from data fusion, these findings represent moderate positive rates, high recall rates, and interpretation in gene-disease association studies.
Efficacy and safety of bispecific antibodies vs. immune checkpoint blockade combination therapy in cancer: a real-world comparison
Authors: Linyan Cheng, Lujun Chen, Yuan Shi, Weiying Gu, Weidong Ding, Xiao Zheng, Yan Liu, Jingting Jiang, Zhuojun Zheng
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2024)

Abstract Emerging tumor immunotherapy methods encompass bispecific antibodies (BSABs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell immunotherapy. BSABs belong to the antibody family that can specifically recognize two different antigens or epitopes on the same antigen. These antibodies demonstrate superior clinical efficacy than monoclonal antibodies, indicating their role as a promising tumor immunotherapy option. Immune checkpoints are also important in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a widely acknowledged immune checkpoint target with effective anti-tumor activity. PD-1 inhibitors have demonstrated notable therapeutic efficacy in treating hematological and solid tumors; however, more than 50% of patients undergoing this treatment exhibit a poor response. However, ICI-based combination therapies (ICI combination therapies) have been demonstrated to synergistically increase anti-tumor effects and immune response rates. In this review, we compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of BSABs and ICI combination therapies in real-world tumor immunotherapy, aiming to provide evidence-based approaches for clinical research and personalized tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Biofabrication Directions in Recapitulating the Immune System‐on‐a‐Chip
Authors: Robine Janssen, Laura Benito‐Zarza, Pim Cleijpool, Marta G. Valverde, Silvia M Mihăilă, Shanna Bastiaan‐Net, Johan Garssen, Linette E. M. Willemsen, Rosalinde Masereeuw
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Ever since the implementation of microfluidics in the biomedical field, in vitro models have experienced unprecedented progress that has led to a new generation of highly complex miniaturized cell culture platforms, known as Organs‐on‐a‐Chip (OoC). These devices aim to emulate biologically relevant environments, encompassing perfusion and other mechanical and/or biochemical stimuli, to recapitulate key physiological events. While OoCs excel in simulating diverse organ functions, the integration of the immune organs and immune cells, though recent and challenging, is pivotal for a more comprehensive representation of human physiology. This comprehensive review covers the state of the art in the intricate landscape of immune OoC models, shedding light on the pivotal role of biofabrication technologies in bridging the gap between conceptual design and physiological relevance. The multifaceted aspects of immune cell behavior, crosstalk, and immune responses that are aimed to be replicated within microfluidic environments, emphasizing the need for precise biomimicry are explored. Furthermore, the latest breakthroughs and challenges of biofabrication technologies in immune OoC platforms are described, guiding researchers toward a deeper understanding of immune physiology and the development of more accurate and human predictive models for a.o., immune‐related disorders, immune development, immune programming, and immune regulation.