tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the diversity and cultural heritage of fruit crops through paleogenomics
Authors: Meirav Meiri, Guy Bar-Oz
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2024)

Abundant and plentiful fruit crops are threatened by the loss of diverse legacy cultivars which are being replaced by a limited set of high-yielding ones. This article delves into the potential of paleogenomics that utilizes ancient DNA analysis to revive lost diversity. By focusing on grapevines, date palms, and tomatoes, recent studies showcase the effectiveness of paleogenomic techniques in identifying and understanding genetic traits crucial for crop resilience, disease resistance, and nutritional value. The approach not only tracks landrace dispersal and introgression but also sheds light on domestication events. In the face of major future environmental challenges, integrating paleogenomics with modern breeding strategies emerges as a promising avenue to significantly bolster fruit crop sustainability.
National, regional, and global estimates of low birthweight in 2020, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis
Authors: Yemisrach B Okwaraji, Julia Krasevec, Ellen Bradley, Joel Conkle, Gretchen A Stevens, Giovanna Gatica-Domínguez, Eric O Ohuma, Christopher Coffey, Diana Gabriela Estevez Fernandez, Hannah Blencowe, Ben Kimathi, Ann-Beth Moller, Alexandra Lewin, Laith Hussain-Alkhateeb, Nita Dalmiya, Joy E Lawn, Elaine Borghi, Chika Hayashi
Journal: The Lancet (2024)

Background Low birthweight (LBW; <2500 g) is an important predictor of health outcomes throughout the life course. We aimed to update country, regional, and global estimates of LBW prevalence for 2020, with trends from 2000, to assess progress towards global targets to reduce LBW by 30% by 2030. Methods For this systematic analysis, we searched population-based, nationally representative data on LBW from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 31, 2020. Using 2042 administrative and survey datapoints from 158 countries and areas, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical regression model incorporating country-specific intercepts, time-varying covariates, non-linear time trends, and bias adjustments based on data quality. We also provided novel estimates by birthweight subgroups. Findings An estimated 19·8 million (95% credible interval 18·4–21·7 million) or 14·7% (13·7–16·1) of liveborn newborns were LBW worldwide in 2020, compared with 22·1 million (20·7–23·9 million) and 16·6% (15·5–17·9) in 2000—an absolute reduction of 1·9 percentage points between 2000 and 2020. Using 2012 as the baseline, as this is when the Global Nutrition Target began, the estimated average annual rate of reduction from 2012 to 2020 was 0·3% worldwide, 0·85% in southern Asia, and 0·59% in sub-Saharan Africa. Nearly three-quarters of LBW births in 2020 occurred in these two regions: of 19 833 900 estimated LBW births worldwide, 8 817 000 (44·5%) were in southern Asia and 5 381 300 (27·1%) were in sub-Saharan Africa. Of 945 300 estimated LBW births in northern America, Australia and New Zealand, central Asia, and Europe, approximately 35·0% (323 700) weighed less than 2000 g: 5·8% (95% CI 5·2–6·4; 54 800 [95% CI 49 400–60 800]) weighed less than 1000 g, 9·0% (8·7–9·4; 85 400 [82 000–88 900]) weighed between 1000 g and 1499 g, and 19·4% (19·0–19·8; 183 500 [180 000–187 000]) weighed between 1500 g and 1999 g. Interpretation Insufficient progress has occurred over the past two decades to meet the Global Nutrition Target of a 30% reduction in LBW between 2012 and 2030. Accelerating progress requires investments throughout the lifecycle focused on primary prevention, especially for adolescent girls and women living in the most affected countries. With increasing numbers of births in facilities and advancing electronic information systems, improvements in the quality and availability of administrative LBW data are also achievable. Funding The Children's Investment Fund Foundation; the UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction; and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Prognostic Value of Pathological Response for Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing Conversion Surgery
Authors: Zhen-Xin Zeng, Jia-Yi Wu, Jun-Yi Wu, Zhi-Bo Zhang, Kai Wang, Shao-Wu Zhuang, Bin Li, Jian-Yin Zhou, Zhong-Tai Lin, Shu-Qun Li, Yi-Nan Li, Yang-Kai Fu, Mao-Lin Yan
Journal: Liver Cancer (2024)

Transarterial chemoembolization combined with lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitor (triple therapy) has displayed encouraging clinical outcomes for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We aimed to explore the prognostic value of pathological response (PR) in patients with initially uHCC who underwent conversion surgery following triple therapy and identify predictors of major pathological response (MPR).
Early childhood appetitive traits and eating disorder symptoms in adolescence: a 10-year longitudinal follow-up study in the Netherlands and the UK
Authors: Ivonne P M Derks, Zeynep Nas, Holly A Harris, Alice R Kininmonth, Janet Treasure, Pauline W Jansen, Clare H Llewellyn
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)

BackgroundObesity and eating disorders commonly co-occur and might share common risk factors. Appetite avidity is an established neurobehavioural risk factor for obesity from early life, but the role of appetite in eating disorder susceptibility is unclear. We aimed to examine longitudinal associations between appetitive traits in early childhood and eating disorder symptoms in adolescence.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study, we used data from Generation R (based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands) and Gemini (based in England and Wales). Appetitive traits at age 4–5 years were measured using the parent-reported Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. At age 12–14 years, adolescents self-reported on overeating eating disorder symptoms (binge eating symptoms, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating) and restrictive eating disorder symptoms (compensatory behaviours and restrained eating). Missing data on covariates were imputed using Multivariate Imputation via Chained Equations. Ordinal and binary logistic regressions were performed in each cohort separately and adjusted for confounders. Pooled results were obtained by meta-analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed on complete cases using inverse probability weighting.FindingsThe final study sample included 2801 participants from Generation R and 869 participants from Gemini. Pooled findings after meta-analyses showed that higher food responsiveness in early childhood increased the odds of binge eating symptoms (odds ratio [OR]pooled 1·47, 95% CI 1·26–1·72), uncontrolled eating (1·33, 1·21–1·46), emotional eating (1·26, 1·13–1·41), restrained eating (1·16, 1·06–1·27), and compensatory behaviours (1·18, 1·08–1·30) in adolescence. Greater emotional overeating in early childhood increased the odds of compensatory behaviours (1·18, 1·06–1·33). By contrast, greater satiety responsiveness in early childhood decreased the odds of compensatory behaviours in adolescence (0·89, 0·81–0·99) and uncontrolled eating (0·86, 0·78–0·95) in adolescence. Slower eating in early childhood decreased the odds of compensatory behaviours (0·91, 0·84–0·99) and restrained eating (0·90, 0·83–0·98) in adolescence. No other associations were observed.InterpretationIn this study, higher food responsiveness in early childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of self-reported eating disorder symptoms in adolescence, whereas greater satiety sensitivity and slower eating were associated with a lower likelihood of some eating disorder symptoms. Appetitive traits in children might be early neurobehavioural risk factors for, or markers of, subsequent eating disorder symptoms.FundingMQ Mental Health Research, Rosetrees Trust, ZonMw.
Risk of death following chikungunya virus disease in the 100 Million Brazilian Cohort, 2015–18: a matched cohort study and self-controlled case series
Authors: Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Julia M Pescarini, Luciana L Cardim, Clémence Leyrat, Heather Whitaker, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Elizabeth B Brickley, Manoel Barral-Netto, Maurício L Barreto, Maria G Teixeira, Viviane S Boaventura, Enny S Paixão
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)

Chikungunya virus outbreaks have been associated with excess deaths at the ecological level. Previous studies have assessed the risk factors for severe versus mild chikungunya virus disease. However, the risk of death following chikungunya virus disease compared with the risk of death in individuals without the disease remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate the risk of death in the 2 years following chikungunya virus disease.
Controlled-release hydrogel loaded with magnesium-based nanoflowers synergize immunomodulation and cartilage regeneration in tendon-bone healing
Authors: Jintao Li, Haolin Ke, Xiangcheng Lei, Jiexin Zhang, Zhicheng Wen, Zhisheng Xiao, Huabin Chen, Juncheng Yao, Xuan Wang, Zhengnong Wei, Hongrui Zhang, Weilun Pan, Yan Shao, Yitao Zhao, Denghui Xie, Chun Zeng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Tendon-bone interface injuries pose a significant challenge in tissue regeneration, necessitating innovative approaches. Hydrogels with integrated supportive features and controlled release of therapeutic agents have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of such injuries. In this study, we aimed to develop a temperature-sensitive composite hydrogel capable of providing sustained release of magnesium ions (Mg2+). We synthesized magnesium-Procyanidin coordinated metal polyphenol nanoparticles (Mg-PC) through a self-assembly process and integrated them into a two-component hydrogel. The hydrogel was composed of dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (Dop-HA) and F127. To ensure controlled release and mitigate the "burst release" effect of Mg2+, we covalently crosslinked the Mg-PC nanoparticles through coordination bonds with the catechol moiety within the hydrogel. This crosslinking strategy extended the release window of Mg2+ concentrations for up to 56 days. The resulting hydrogel (Mg-PC@Dop-HA/F127) exhibited favorable properties, including injectability, thermosensitivity and shape adaptability, making it suitable for injection and adaptation to irregularly shaped supraspinatus implantation sites. Furthermore, the hydrogel sustained the release of Mg2+ and Procyanidins, which attracted mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells, alleviated inflammation, and promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype. Additionally, it enhanced collagen synthesis and mineralization, facilitating the repair of the tendon-bone interface. By incorporating multilevel metal phenolic networks (MPN) to control ion release, these hybridized hydrogels can be customized for various biomedical applications.
Extracellular matrix stiffness as an energy metabolism regulator drives osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jing Na, Zhijie Yang, Qiusheng Shi, Chiyu Li, Yu Liu, Yaxin Song, Xinyang Li, Lisha Zheng, Yubo Fan
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

The biophysical factors of biomaterials such as their stiffness regulate stem cell differentiation. Energy metabolism has been revealed an essential role in stem cell lineage commitment. However, whether and how extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates energy metabolism to determine stem cell differentiation is less known. Here, the study reveals that stiff ECM promotes glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and enhances antioxidant defense system during osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. Stiff ECM increases mitochondrial fusion by enhancing mitofusin 1 and 2 expression and inhibiting the dynamin-related protein 1 activity, which contributes to osteogenesis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) impacts glycolysis, glutamine metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitochondrial biosynthesis to regulate stiffness-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, glycolysis in turn regulates YAP activity through the cytoskeletal tension-mediated deformation of nuclei. Overall, our findings suggest that YAP is an important mechanotransducer to integrate ECM mechanical cues and energy metabolic signaling to affect the fate of MSCs. This offers valuable guidance to improve the scaffold design for bone tissue engineering constructs.
Substrate-free dissolving microneedles with barbed shape to increase adhesion and drug-delivery efficiency to skin
Authors: Yingjie Ren, Kaiming Yang, Zhongyan Wang, Zhitong Zhang, Yufeng Chen, Xiaoyi Shi, Jiayan Zhang, Yuxuan Chen, Dong Huang, Junshi Li, Zhihong Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Reducing the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Howard S. Kirshner
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clopidogrel and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Javier Borja, Iñaki Pérez, Guillermo De la Cruz
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Subnational inequalities in years of life lost and associations with socioeconomic factors in pre-pandemic Europe, 2009–19: an ecological study
Authors: José Chen-Xu, Orsolya Varga, Nour Mahrouseh, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Diana A Grad, Grant M A Wyper, Andreea Badache, Mirza Balaj, Periklis Charalampous, Mary Economou, Juanita A Haagsma, Romana Haneef, Enkeleint A Mechili, Brigid Unim, Elena von der Lippe, Carl Michael Baravelli
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

Health inequalities have been associated with shorter lifespans. We aimed to investigate subnational geographical inequalities in all-cause years of life lost (YLLs) and the association between YLLs and socioeconomic factors, such as household income, risk of poverty, and educational attainment, in countries within the European Economic Area (EEA) before the COVID-19 pandemic.
Burden of liver cancer mortality by county, race, and ethnicity in the USA, 2000–19: a systematic analysis of health disparities
Authors: Hasan Nassereldine, Kelly Compton, Parkes Kendrick, Zhuochen Li, Mathew M Baumann, Yekaterina O Kelly, Chris Schmidt, Dillon O Sylte, Wichada La Motte-Kerr, Farah Daoud, Lisa M Force, Theresa A McHugh, Mohsen Naghavi, Simon I Hay, Meredith S Shiels, Erik J Rodriquez, George A Mensah, Anna M Nápoles, Eliseo J Pérez-Stable, Christopher J L Murray, Ali H Mokdad, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

Understanding how specific populations are affected by liver cancer is important for identifying priorities, policies, and interventions to mitigate health risks and reduce disparities. This study aims to provide comprehensive analysis of rates and trends in liver cancer mortality for different racial and ethnic populations in the USA nationally and at the county level from 2000 to 2019.
Reducing the Risk of Stroke
Authors: James M. Gebel, Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clopidogrel and Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Attila Dirkali, Victor A. Umans
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reducing the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Kamakshi Lakshminarayan, David C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of calorie labelling in the out-of-home food sector on adult obesity prevalence, cardiovascular mortality, and social inequalities in England: a modelling study
Authors: Zoé Colombet, Eric Robinson, Chris Kypridemos, Andrew Jones, Martin O'Flaherty
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

BackgroundEngland implemented a menu calorie labelling policy in large, out-of-home food businesses in 2022. We aimed to model the likely policy impact on population-level obesity and cardiovascular disease mortality, as well as the socioeconomic equity of estimated effects, in the adult population in England.MethodsFor this modelling analysis, we built a comparative assessment model using two scenarios: the current implementation scenario refers to actual deployment only in large (≥250 employees), out-of-home food businesses, whereas the full implementation scenario refers to deployment in every out-of-home food business. We compared each scenario with a counterfactual: the scenario in which no intervention is implemented (ie, baseline). For both scenarios, we modelled the impact of the policy through assumed changes in energy intake due to either consumer response or product reformulation by retailers. We used data from the Office for National Statistics and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2009–19, and modelled the effect over 20 years (ie, 2022–41) to capture the long-term impact of the policy and provided mid-period results after 10 years. We used the Monte Carlo approach (2500 iterations) to estimate the uncertainty of model parameters. For each scenario, the model generated the change in obesity prevalence and the total number of deaths prevented or postponed.FindingsThe current implementation scenario was estimated to reduce obesity prevalence by 0·31 percentage points (absolute; 95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·10–0·35), which would prevent or postpone 730 cardiovascular disease deaths (UI 430–1300) of the 830 000 deaths (UI 600 000–1 200 000) expected over 20 years. However, the health benefits would be increased if calorie labelling was implemented in all out-of-home food businesses (2·65 percentage points reduction in obesity prevalence [UI 1·97–3·24] and 9200 cardiovascular disease deaths prevented or postponed [UI 5500–16 000]). Results were similar in the most and the least deprived socioeconomic groups.InterpretationThis study offers the first modelled estimation of the impact of the menu calorie labelling regulation on the adult population in England, although we did not include a cost-effectiveness analysis. Calorie labelling might result in a reduction in obesity prevalence and cardiovascular disease mortality without widening health inequalities. However, our results emphasise the need for the government to be more ambitious by applying this policy to all out-of-home food businesses to maximise impact.FundingEuropean Research Council.