tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predicting Individual Pain Sensitivity Using a Novel Cortical Biomarker Signature
Authors: Nahian S. Chowdhury, Chuan Bi, Andrew J. Furman, Alan K. I. Chiang, Patrick Skippen, Emily Si, Samantha K. Millard, Sarah M. Margerison, Darrah Spies, Michael L. Keaser, Joyce T. Da Silva, Shuo Chen, Siobhan M. Schabrun, David A. Seminowicz
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Importance Biomarkers would greatly assist decision-making in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of chronic pain. Objective To undertake analytical validation of a sensorimotor cortical biomarker signature for pain consisting of 2 measures: sensorimotor peak alpha frequency (PAF) and corticomotor excitability (CME). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study at a single center (Neuroscience Research Australia) recruited participants from November 2020 to October 2022 through notices placed online and at universities across Australia. Participants were healthy adults aged 18 to 44 years with no history of chronic pain or a neurological or psychiatric condition. Participants experienced a model of prolonged temporomandibular pain with outcomes collected over 30 days. Electroencephalography to assess PAF and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to assess CME were recorded on days 0, 2, and 5. Pain was assessed twice daily from days 1 through 30. Exposure Participants received an injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the right masseter muscle on days 0 and 2 to induce prolonged temporomandibular pain lasting up to 4 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The predictive accuracy of the PAF/CME biomarker signature was determined using a nested control-test scheme: machine learning models were run on a training set (n = 100), where PAF and CME were predictors and pain sensitivity was the outcome. The winning classifier was assessed on a test set (n = 50) comparing the predicted pain labels against the true labels. Results Among the final sample of 150 participants, 66 were female and 84 were male; the mean (SD) age was 25.1 (6.2) years. The winning classifier was logistic regression, with an outstanding area under the curve (AUC = 1.00). The locked model assessed on the test set had excellent performance (AUC = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78-0.99). Results were reproduced across a range of methodological parameters. Moreover, inclusion of sex and pain catastrophizing as covariates did not improve model performance, suggesting the model including biomarkers only was more robust. PAF and CME biomarkers showed good to excellent test-retest reliability. Conclusions and Relevance This study provides evidence for a sensorimotor cortical biomarker signature for pain sensitivity. The combination of accuracy, reproducibility, and reliability suggests the PAF/CME biomarker signature has substantial potential for clinical translation, including predicting the transition from acute to chronic pain.
Trends in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates
Authors: Erin L. Van Blarigan, Meg A. McKinley, Samuel L. Washington, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Stacey A. Kenfield, Iona Cheng, Scarlett L. Gomez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Incidence of distant stage prostate cancer is increasing in the United States. Research is needed to understand trends by social and geographic factors. Objective To examine trends in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates in California by stage, age, race and ethnicity, and region. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used mortality data from the California Cancer Registry and California Department of Public Health's Center for Health Statistics, and incidence data from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and the US Census. The dataset for these analyses was released in April 2024. Participants included males residing in California between 2004 and 2021. Analyses were conducted from April to October 2024. Exposures Stage at diagnosis, age, race and ethnicity, and region of California. Main Outcomes and Measures The delay-adjusted incidence rates and mortality rates were calculated and age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated using NCI’s Joinpoint Regression Program. Results Between 2004 and 2021, there were 387 636 prostate cancer cases (27 938 distant stage) and 58 754 prostate cancer deaths in California. In this study, 203 038 cases (52.4%) occurred among males aged 55 to 69 years, and 153 884 (39.7%) occurred among males 70 years or older. The distribution of race and ethnicity among cases was: 1031 American Indian or Alaska Native (0.3%); 31 366 Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (8.1%); 66 695 Hispanic or Latino (17.2%); 36 808 non-Hispanic Black (9.5%); 238 229 non-Hispanic White (61.5%); and 13 507 unknown or other races (3.5%). On average, the incidence of distant prostate cancer increased 6.7% (95% CI, 6.2% to 7.3%) per year between 2011 and 2021. By race and ethnicity, the APC ranged from 6.5% (95% CI, 4.2% to 13.4%) among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander males between 2011 and 2021 to 8.0% (95% CI, 6.9% to 9.5%) among Hispanic males between 2014 and 2021. In 9 of the 10 California regions, the incidence of distant prostate cancer increased by approximately 6% or more per year. Prostate cancer mortality rates declined 2.6% per year between 2004 and 2012 but plateaued between 2012 to 2021 (APC, 0.1%; 95% CI, −0.6% to 1.6%). The plateau in mortality occurred across ages, races and ethnicities, and regions. Conclusions and relevance In this cohort study among California residents, the incidence of distant stage prostate cancer increased throughout the state between 2011 and 2021. Mortality rates plateaued between 2012 and 2021, ending previous decades of decline. Implementation of more effective prostate cancer screening strategies are critically needed.
Severity and Long-Term Mortality of COVID-19, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Kristina L. Bajema, David P. Bui, Lei Yan, Yuli Li, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, Robert Vergun, Kristin Berry, Yuan Huang, Hung-Mo Lin, Mihaela Aslan, George N. Ioannou
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contribute to many hospitalizations and deaths each year. Understanding relative disease severity can help to inform vaccination guidance. Objective To compare disease severity of COVID-19, influenza, and RSV among US veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study analyzed national US Veterans Health Administration electronic health record data of nonhospitalized veterans who underwent same-day testing for SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV, and were diagnosed with a single infection between August 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, or between August 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024. Exposures Infection with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, or RSV. Main Outcomes and Measures Following inverse probability weighting, the cumulative incidence and risk differences (RDs) were calculated for the primary outcomes of 30-day hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and death, as well as the secondary outcome of long-term death extending through 180 days. Results Among 68 581 patients included in the 2022 to 2023 cohort (6239 [9.1%] with RSV, 16 947 [24.7%] with influenza, and 45 395 [66.2%] with COVID-19) and 72 939 in the 2023 to 2024 cohort (9748 [13.4%] with RSV, 19 242 [26.4%] with influenza, and 43 949 [60.3%] with COVID-19), the median (IQR) age was 66 (53-75) years, and 123 090 (87.0%) were male. During the 2023 to 2024 season, the 30-day risk of hospitalization was similar for COVID-19 (16.2%) and influenza (16.3%) but lower for RSV at 14.3% (RD for COVID-19 vs RSV, 1.9% [95% CI, 0.9%-2.9%]; RD for influenza vs RSV, 2.0% [95% CI, 0.8%-3.3%]). The 30-day risk of death during the 2022 to 2023 season was slightly higher for COVID-19 (1.0%) compared with influenza (0.7%) (RD, 0.4% [95% CI, 0.1%-0.6%]) or RSV (0.7%) (RD, 0.4% [95% CI, 0.1%-0.6%]) but similar during the 2023 to 2024 season. Mortality risk at 180 days was higher for COVID-19 during both seasons (2023-2024 RD for COVID-19 vs influenza, 0.8% [95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%]; RD for COVID-19 vs RSV, 0.6% [95% CI, 0.1%-1.1%]). Higher mortality in both seasons was observed for veterans without COVID-19 vaccination in the previous year compared to veterans without seasonal influenza vaccination. In contrast, among groups vaccinated against their respective infections, there were no mortality differences at any time point between COVID-19 and influenza. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study showed that, during the 2022 to 2023 season, infection with SARS-CoV-2 was associated with more severe disease outcomes than influenza or RSV, whereas differences were less pronounced during the 2023 to 2024 season. During both seasons, RSV remained a milder illness, whereas COVID-19 was associated with higher long-term mortality. Vaccination attenuated differences in disease severity and long-term mortality.
Pharmacy Subscription Program and Medication Refills, Days’ Supply, and Out-of-Pocket Costs
Authors: Kai Yeung, Dan Wilden, Vin Gupta, Olga Matlin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Medication nonadherence imposes high morbidity, mortality, and costs but is challenging to address given its multiple causes. Subscription models are increasingly used in health care to encourage healthy behaviors; in January 2023, Amazon Pharmacy launched RxPass, a subscription program offering Amazon Prime members (hereafter, company members) in 45 states access to 60 common generic medications for a flat $5 monthly fee. Objective To evaluate the associations of program enrollment with medication refills, days’ supply, and out-of-pocket costs. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective, population-based cohort study, a difference-in-differences approach with doubly robust estimation was used to assess outcomes 6 months before and after program enrollment, compared with a contemporaneous control group (study period included July 24, 2022, to January 24, 2024). Participants were younger than 65 years, company members, and not enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid. Exposure individuals were enrolled in the program in the first 6 months of program launch. Control individuals resided in the 5 states where the program was not available but who clicked on the enrollment webpage in the first 6 months of program launch. Exposure Subscription program enrollment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the number of days’ supply of medications on the subscription program list per person per month (PPPM). Secondary outcomes were the number of prescription refills and out-of-pocket costs of medications on the program list, including program subscription costs, PPPM. Results After propensity score weighting, there were 5003 enrollees (mean [SD] age, 45.9 [11.1] years; 2076 female [41.5%]) and 5137 controls (mean [SD] age, 45.8 [11.1] years; 2116 female [41.2%]). The program was associated with an increase in days’ supply of 10.39 days PPPM (95% CI, 10.29-10.48 days PPPM), a 27% increase, an increase in prescription refills of 0.19 PPPM (95% CI, 0.19-0.19 refills PPPM), a 29% increase, and a decrease in out-of-pocket spending by $2.35 PPPM (95% CI, $2.37-$2.33 PPPM), a 30% decrease. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, program enrollment was associated with increased medication refills and total days’ supply and reduced out-of-pocket costs. Future research should investigate the potential cognitive and/or behavioral mechanisms by which subscription programs encourage healthy behaviors and whether the results could be replicated among other pharmacies or cohorts.
Cognitive Effects of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy—Time to Evaluation
Authors: Mickael Aubignat, Olivier Godefroy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

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A Framework to Optimize Primary Care of Older Surgical Patients
Authors: Molly E. Leonard, Andrea J. H. Williamson, Roxanne Weiss, Kimberly A. Kaphingst, Mark A. Supiano, Jessica N. Cohan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance An increasing number of older adults are undergoing surgery. Older adults face significant challenges throughout the spectrum of perioperative care. No frameworks exist to support primary care clinicians in helping older adults navigate perioperative care beyond preoperative medical clearance. Objective We aimed to develop a framework to assist primary care clinicians in surgical care navigation for older patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with a sample of geriatricians from across the US between January and June 2022. Interviews were conducted one on one via an online video conferencing platform without observers present. Demographics of participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Main Outcome and Measures Directed content analysis of interview data was used to examine how primary care clinicians can optimally support older patients throughout the perioperative process. Results This qualitative study included 24 geriatricians, 16 (67%) women, with median time in practice of 12.4 years (IQR, 5.0-24.5 years). Of those, 11 (46%) worked at an academic or tertiary referral center. Qualitative analysis identified 7 actions that geriatricians perform when caring for patients through the surgical continuum: conduct risk-benefit analysis of surgical referral, elicit and communicate patient goals, prepare patient and family for surgical consultation, set realistic expectations, assist with decision about surgery, advocate for patient and family, and coordinate postoperative care. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study of geriatricians, 7 key domains of perioperative care for older adults were identified. The resulting framework can be used by primary care clinicians as they help their older patients navigate surgical care.
Receptor CDCP1 is a potential target for personalized imaging and treatment of poor outcome HER2+, triple negative and metastatic ER+/HER2- breast cancers
Authors: Madeline Gough, Kayden KX. Kwah, Tashbib Khan, Saikat Ghosh, Biao Sun, Catherine YJ. Lee, Kamil A. Sokolowski, Brian WC. Tse, Lashith Wickramasuriya, Kaltin Ferguson, Rebecca Rogers, Justin B. Goh, Nicholas L. Fletcher, Zachary H. Houston, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Laura J. Bray, Cheng Liu, Christopher Pyke, Elgene Lim, Cameron E. Snell, Yaowu He, John D. Hooper, Thomas Kryza
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Purpose: Receptor CUB-domain containing- protein 1 (CDCP1) was evaluated as a target for detection and treatment of breast cancer. Experimental Design: CDCP1 expression was assessed immunohistochemically in tumors from 423 patients (119 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); 75 HER2+; 229 ER+/HER2- including 228 primary tumors, 229 lymph node and 47 distant metastases). Cell cytotoxicity induced in vitro by a CDCP1-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), consisting of the human/mouse chimeric antibody ch10D7 and the microtubule disruptor monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), was quantified, including in combination with HER2-targeting ADC T-DM1. Detection of CDCP1-expressing primary and metastatic xenografts in mice was examined by PET-CT imaging using 89zirconium-labelled ch10D7 (89Zr-ch10D7). The impact of ch10D7-MMAE on tumor burden and survival in vivo, including in combination with T-DM1, was quantified in cell line and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. Results: CDCP1 is expressed predominantly on the surface of malignant cells of 70% of TNBCs, 80% of HER2+ tumors, and increases in ER+/HER2- tumors from 44.9% in primary tumors to 56.4% in lymph node metastases and 74.3% in distant metastases. PET-CT imaging with 89Zr-ch10D7 is effective for the detection of primary and metastatic CDCP1-expressing TNBCs in mice. ADC ch10D7-MMAE kills CDCP1-expressing cells in vitro and controls primary and metastatic TNBC xenografts in mice, conferring significant survival advantages over chemotherapy. It compares favorably to T-DM1 in vivo, and ch10D7-MMAE combined with T-DM1 showed the most potent efficacy, markedly reducing tumor burden of CDCP1+/HER2+ xenografts and prolonging mouse survival, compared with T-DM1 or ch10D7. Conclusions: CDCP1-directed molecular imaging has potential to identify aggressive breast cancers for CDCP1-targeted treatment.
Intensive care unit acquired weakness and physical rehabilitation in the ICU
Authors: Stephanie L Hiser, Kelly Casey, Peter Nydahl, Carol L Hodgson, Dale M Needham
Journal: BMJ (2025)

Approximately half of critically ill adults experience intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW). Patients who develop ICUAW may have negative outcomes, including longer duration of mechanical ventilation, greater length of stay, and worse mobility, physical functioning, quality of life, and mortality. Early physical rehabilitation interventions have potential for improving ICUAW; however, randomized trials show inconsistent findings on the efficacy of these interventions. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, pathophysiology, risks factors, implications, and management of ICUAW. It specifically highlights research gaps and challenges, with considerations for future research for physical rehabilitation interventions.
Estimating future heat-related and cold-related mortality under climate change, demographic and adaptation scenarios in 854 European cities
Authors: Pierre Masselot, Malcolm N. Mistry, Shilpa Rao, Veronika Huber, Ana Monteiro, Evangelia Samoli, Massimo Stafoggia, Francesca de’Donato, David Garcia-Leon, Juan-Carlos Ciscar, Luc Feyen, Alexandra Schneider, Klea Katsouyanni, Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Kristin Aunan, Antonio Gasparrini
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Firearm-Related Injury Hospital Admissions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Raymond A. Jean, Aayushi Sinha, Sarah D. Diaz, Katerina Jou, Staci T. Aubry, Mark R. Hemmila, Andrew M. Ibrahim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cohort study examines expected vs observed rates of firearm-related injury hospitalizations in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Identifying the Strongest Correlates of Condom Use Among US Adolescents
Authors: Laura Widman, Reina Evans-Paulson, Anne J. Maheux, Jordyn McCrimmon, Julia Brasileiro, Claire D. Stout, Aaron Lankster, Sophia Choukas-Bradley
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Condoms are effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy; however, only 52% of sexually active US adolescents used a condom at last intercourse. Objective To examine (1) the association between 36 psychosocial variables and adolescent condom use to determine the strongest correlates of condom use behavior across the literature, (2) heterogeneity of these effects, and (3) the moderating roles of age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and year of study. Data Sources A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and February 2024 using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Communication Source databases, plus relevant review articles and unpublished data. Study Selection Studies were included if they (1) were observational studies of US adolescents (mean sample age &amp;amp;lt;19 years), (2) included adolescent reports of condom use behavior and a correlate of interest, and (3) were available in English after January 2000. Data Extraction and Synthesis Investigators extracted data on participant characteristics, study methods, settings, correlates, condom use outcomes, and study quality. Correlation coefficients and 95% CIs were computed from studies and meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was adolescent-reported condom use behavior. Results A total of 249 studies with 283 independent samples (251 713 adolescents; weighted mean age, 16.2 years) were synthesized. Twenty-three correlates were significantly associated with adolescent condom use. The correlates of condom use with the largest weighted mean effects were condom use at first sex (Pearson r = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36-0.56), condom use intentions (Pearson r = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.35-0.48), and condom communication with a partner (Pearson r = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.29-0.52). Safer sex knowledge—a primary focus of many sex education efforts—was not significantly associated with condom use (Pearson r = −0.03; 95% CI, −0.10 to 0.05). Most effects (24 of 31 [77%]) were statistically significantly heterogeneous; age, gender/sex, sexual orientation, and year of study explained heterogeneity in only a few effects. Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis identified the strongest and weakest correlates of adolescent condom use across nearly 25 years of research. These results can be used to refine sexual behavior theory and guide more targeted evidence-based intervention efforts for adolescents.
Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Myocarditis—Reply
Authors: Laura Semenzato, Stéphane Le Vu, Mahmoud Zureik
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Topography of putative bi-directional interaction between hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and neocortical slow oscillations
Authors: Rachel A Swanson, Elisa Chinigò, Daniel Levenstein, Mihály Vöröslakos, Navid Mousavi, Xiao-Jing Wang, Jayeeta Basu, György Buzsáki
Journal: Neuron (2025)
Chromosome-scale genome assembly reveals how repeat elements shape non-coding RNA landscapes active during newt limb regeneration
Authors: Thomas Brown, Ketan Mishra, Ahmed Elewa, Svetlana Iarovenko, Elaiyaraja Subramanian, Alberto Joven Araus, Andreas Petzold, Bastian Fromm, Marc R Friedländer, Lennart Rikk, Miyuki Suzuki, Ken-Ichi T Suzuki, Toshinori Hayashi, Atsushi Toyoda, Catarina R Oliveira, Ekaterina Osipova, Nicholas D Leigh, Maximina H Yun, András Simon
Journal: Cell Genomics (2025)