tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and exercise professional opinion of return-to-running readiness after childbirth: an international Delphi study and consensus statement
Authors: Shefali Mathur Christopher, Gráinne Donnelly, Emma Brockwell, Kari Bo, Margie H Davenport, Marlize De Vivo, Sinead Dufour, Lori Forner, Hayley Mills, Isabel S Moore, Amanda Olson, Rita E Deering
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2023)

Female athletes have identified a lack of guidance as a barrier to successfully returning to running postpartum, and existing guidelines are vague. Our aim was to define the current practice of determining postpartum run-readiness through a consensus survey of international clinicians and exercise professionals in postpartum exercise to assist clinicians and inform sport policy changes. A three-round Delphi approach was used to gain international consensus from clinicians and exercise professionals on run-readiness postpartum. Professionals who work with postpartum runners participated in an online survey to answer open-ended questions about the following postpartum return-to-running topics: definitions (runner and postpartum), key biopsychosocial milestones that runners need to meet, recommended screening, timeline to initiate running, support items, education topics and factors that contribute to advising against running. Consensus was defined as ≥75% participant agreement. One hundred and eighteen professionals participated in round I, 107 participated in round II (response rate 90.6%) and 95 participated in round III (response rate 80.5%). Responses indicated that, following a minimum 3-week period of rest and recovery, an individualised timeline and gradual return to running progression can be considered. Screening for medical and psychological concerns, current physical capacity, and prior training history is recommended prior to a return to running. This study proposes recommendations for the initial guidance on return-to-running postpartum, framed in the context of current research and consensus from professionals. Future research is needed to strengthen and validate specific recommendations and develop guidelines for best practice when returning-to-running after childbirth.
Mitochondrial regulation of GPX4 inhibition–mediated ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hiroki Akiyama, Ran Zhao, Lauren B. Ostermann, Ziyi Li, Matthew Tcheng, Samar J. Yazdani, Arman Moayed, Malcolm L. Pryor, Sandeep Slngh, Natalia Baran, Edward Ayoub, Yuki Nishida, Po Yee Mak, Vivian R. Ruvolo, Bing Z. Carter, Aaron D. Schimmer, Michael Andreeff, Jo Ishizawa
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Letter to the Editor: The Hepa 1–6 may not be suitable for use in hepatocellular carcinoma models to explore responses to drug therapy
Authors: Taicheng Lu, Jingzhi Zhang, Haiming Li, Guangda Li, Xiaohui Yin, Jingwen Yu, Yingying Zheng, Zishen Liu, Yue Wang, Dong Chen, Yuancan Pan, Tongjing Ding, Yutong Zhang, Zhengzheng Yang, Zichun Yuan, Ganlin Zhang, Qingsheng Fan, Xiaomin Wang
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

To the editor, We read with interest the study by Zabransky et al, who analyzed the immune microenvironment in a homozygous mouse model of HCC with Hep53.4, Hepa1–6, RIL-175, and TIBx.1 The authors concluded that the Hepa 1–6 model does not encapsulate the tumor immune microenvironment of the vast majority of human HCC. Among them, the authors considered that Hepa 1–6 triggered a strong immune response and that this portended potentially misleading preclinical results. However, we would like to further broaden the conclusions. Hepa 1–6 may not be suitable for use in HCC models to explore responses to drug therapy. Firstly, the SD of the subcutaneous tumor model of the Hepa1–6 model in the article was very large in the control group, which to some extent, indicates the instability of this model. Furthermore, there was no difference in survival between the control and treatment groups in the Hepa 1–6 model, potentially suggesting that the Hepa 1–6 tumors had dissipated during development. The hematoxylin-eosin staining results in the article, as well as the immunohistochemistry results for CD8 and B220, show that Hepa 1–6 tumors are characterized by many inflammatory cells surrounding the tumor tissue, as if an army were stationed around the tumor. This is despite the relevant publications reporting solutions for this possible situation. Yang et al used younger weekly mice (4 weeks old) for Hepa 1–6 modeling.2 Some of the researchers eliminated the effect of too large SD in the control group by increasing the sample size or using tumor response rate.3,4 Even though this approach may be able to reflect differences in response to drug therapy, it is more important to use a more stable HCC model to explore responses to drug therapy.
Reply: The Hepa 1–6 may not be suitable for use in hepatocellular carcinoma models to explore responses to drug therapy
Authors: Daniel J. Zabransky, Mark Yarchoan, Won Jin Ho
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

To the editor,Lu et al raise excellent points regarding the Hepa1-6 model of HCC. Our study1 characterized the immune microenvironment of multiple preclinical models of HCC and showed that the Hepa1-6 model in C57BL/6J mice elicits a brisk immune infiltrate that is not representative of human HCC. This may be related to a minor major histocompatibility complex haplotype difference with the C57BL/6J mouse (H2b for C57BL/6 and H2bc for Hepa1-6), resulting in an alloreactive response. We conclude that the Hepa1-6 model should not be used for testing the effects of immunotherapy-based strategies for HCC. Lu et al expand on the limitations of the Hepa 1–6 model, proposing that the variability of this model's in vivo growth should preclude its use, even for nonimmunotherapy studies. We agree with the points raised by their letter. As discussed in their letter, we observed highly variable levels of tumor growth in the subcutaneous model of Hepa1-6, including complete regressions of some tumors without any intervention. This was observed over multiple independent experiments in our group in addition to the experiments included in our manuscript. While the Hepa1-6 model is currently among the most widely used for HCC research, we agree with Lu et al that given its highly variable tumor growth, it is a poor choice for in vivo drug discovery or testing. Moreover, there is a rapidly growing appreciation that even therapies originally thought to be nonimmunotherapeutic in mechanism in fact leverage the immune system to exert the observed antitumor responses. Given the association of the immune microenvironment with sensitivity or resistance to various treatment modalities including radiotherapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and targeted therapies,2–5 we seek to use models that most closely resemble human disease. We hope that our work can guide the design of future studies in HCC for the benefit of the patients suffering from this disease.
Prenatal Exposure to Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (2009–2014) and Vaccine Antibody Titers of Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella in Children Four to Eight Years Old from the Healthy Start Cohort
Authors: Lauren M. Zell-Baran, Dana Dabelea, Jill M. Norris, Deborah H. Glueck, John L. Adgate, Jared M. Brown, Kylie K. Harrall, Antonia M. Calafat, Anne P. Starling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Prenatal exposures to certain poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are associated with reduced humoral responses to some childhood immunizations.
A Thorny Problem: Glyphosate and 2,4-D Associated with Neurobehavioral Effects for Ecuadorian Adolescents
Authors: Jori Lewis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Among adolescents in an area known for its rose and other flower crops, exposures to 2,4-D and glyphosate (but not DEET) were associated with lower scores on neurobehavioral assessments. Notably, these kids did not work in floriculture.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the heart
Authors: Stan Driessen, Sven M. Francque, Stefan D. Anker, Manuel Castro Cabezas, Diederick E. Grobbee, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Adriaan G. Holleboom
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

The prevalence and severity of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are increasing. Physicians who treat patients with MASLD may acknowledge the strong coincidence with cardiometabolic disease, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (asCVD). This raises questions on co-occurrence, causality, and the need for screening and multidisciplinary care for MASLD in patients with asCVD, and vice versa. Here, we review the interrelations of MASLD and heart disease and formulate answers to these matters. Epidemiological studies scoring proxies for atherosclerosis and actual cardiovascular events indicate increased atherosclerosis in patients with MASLD, yet no increased risk of asCVD mortality. MASLD and asCVD share common drivers: obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), smoking, hypertension, and sleep apnea syndrome. In addition, Mendelian randomization studies support that MASLD may cause atherosclerosis through mixed hyperlipidemia, while such evidence is lacking for liver-derived procoagulant factors. In the more advanced fibrotic stages, MASLD may contribute to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by reduced filling of the right ventricle, which may induce fatigue upon exertion, often mentioned by patients with MASLD. Some evidence points to an association between MASLD and cardiac arrhythmias. Regarding treatment and given the strong co-occurrence of MASLD and asCVD, pharmacotherapy in development for advanced stages of MASLD would ideally also reduce cardiovascular events, as has been demonstrated for T2DM treatments. Given the common drivers, potential causal factors and especially given the increased rate of cardiovascular events, comprehensive cardiometabolic risk management is warranted in patients with MASLD, preferably in a multidisciplinary approach.
Efficient formation and maintenance of humoral and CD4 T-cell immunity targeting the viral capsid in acute-resolving hepatitis E infection
Authors: Benedikt Csernalabics, Mircea Stefan Marinescu, Lars Maurer, Lara Kelsch, Jill Werner, Katharina Baumann, Katharina Zoldan, Marcus Panning, Philipp Reuken, Tony Bruns, Bertram Bengsch, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin, Maike Hofmann, Robert Thimme, Viet Loan Dao Thi, Tobias Boettler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)
Reply: Intratumor fibrotic HCC, a subtype matching the Hoshida S1 subclass?
Authors: Romain Désert, Fabien Foucher, Maëlle Guillout, Natalia Nieto, Orlando Musso
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

Désert, Romain; Foucher, Fabien; Maëlle, Guillout; Nieto, Natalia; Musso, Orlando Author Information
TMEM135 maintains the equilibrium of osteogenesis and adipogenesis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Jia Liu, Xiaogang Bao, Jian Huang, Rukun Chen, Yixuan Tan, Zheng Zhang, Bing Xiao, Fanqi Kong, Changjiang Gu, Jianhang Du, Haotian Wang, Junqiang Qi, Junming Tan, Duan Ma, Changgui Shi, Guohua Xu
Journal: Metabolism (2023)
Addressing Underinsurance for Children With Special Health Care Needs
Authors: Jennifer K. Saper, Matthew M. Davis, Kristin Kan
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Asiya Validova, PhD; Douglas Strane, MPH; Meredith Matone, DrPH, MHS; Xi Wang, PhD; Rebecka Rosenquist, MSc; Xianqun Luan, MS; David Rubin, MD, MSCE
Implication of transcription factor FOXD2 dysfunction in syndromic congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
Authors: Korbinian M. Riedhammer, Thanh-Minh T. Nguyen, Can Koşukcu, Julia Calzada-Wack, Yong Li, Nurit Assia Batzir, Seha Saygılı, Vera Wimmers, Gwang-Jin Kim, Marialena Chrysanthou, Zeineb Bakey, Efrat Sofrin-Drucker, Markus Kraiger, Adrián Sanz-Moreno, Oana V. Amarie, Birgit Rathkolb, Tanja Klein-Rodewald, Lillian Garrett, Sabine M. Hölter, Claudia Seisenberger, Stefan Haug, Pascal Schlosser, Susan Marschall, Wolfgang Wurst, Helmut Fuchs, Valerie Gailus-Durner, Matthias Wuttke, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Jasmina Ćomić, Özlem Akgün Doğan, Yasemin Özlük, Mehmet Taşdemir, Ayşe Ağbaş, Nur Canpolat, Naama Orenstein, Salim Çalışkan, Ruthild G. Weber, Carsten Bergmann, Cecile Jeanpierre, Sophie Saunier, Tze Y. Lim, Friedhelm Hildebrandt, Bader Alhaddad, Lina Basel-Salmon, Yael Borovitz, Kaman Wu, Dinu Antony, Julia Matschkal, Christian W. Schaaf, Lutz Renders, Christoph Schmaderer, Manuel Rogg, Christoph Schell, Thomas Meitinger, Uwe Heemann, Anna Köttgen, Sebastian J. Arnold, Fatih Ozaltin, Miriam Schmidts, Julia Hoefele
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the predominant cause for chronic kidney disease below age 30 years. Many monogenic forms have been discovered due to comprehensive genetic testing like exome sequencing. However, disease-causing variants in known disease-associated genes only explain a proportion of cases. Here, we aim to unravel underlying molecular mechanisms of syndromic CAKUT in three unrelated multiplex families with presumed autosomal recessive inheritance. Exome sequencing in the index individuals revealed three different rare homozygous variants in FOXD2, encoding a transcription factor not previously implicated in CAKUT in humans: a frameshift in the Arabic and a missense variant each in the Turkish and the Israeli family with segregation patterns consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. CRISPR/Cas9-derived Foxd2 knockout mice presented with a bilateral dilated kidney pelvis accompanied by atrophy of the kidney papilla and mandibular, ophthalmologic, and behavioral anomalies, recapitulating the human phenotype. In a complementary approach to study pathomechanisms of FOXD2-dysfunction-mediated developmental kidney defects, we generated CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Foxd2 in ureteric bud-induced mouse metanephric mesenchyme cells. Transcriptomic analyses revealed enrichment of numerous differentially expressed genes important for kidney/urogenital development, including Pax2 and Wnt4 as well as gene expression changes indicating a shift toward a stromal cell identity. Histology of Foxd2 knockout mouse kidneys confirmed increased fibrosis. Further, genome-wide association studies suggest that FOXD2 could play a role for maintenance of podocyte integrity during adulthood. Thus, our studies help in genetic diagnostics of monogenic CAKUT and in understanding of monogenic and multifactorial kidney diseases.
Glomerular transcriptomics predicts long term outcome and identifies therapeutic strategies for patients with assumed benign IgA nephropathy
Authors: Mariell Rivedal, Håvard Mikkelsen, Hans-Peter Marti, Lili Liu, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Thomas Knoop, Rune Bjørneklett, Yngvar Lunde Haaskjold, Jessica Furriol, Sabine Leh, Flavia Paunas, Janka Bábíčková, Andreas Scherer, Camille Serre, Oystein Eikrem, Philipp Strauss
Journal: Kidney International (2023)

Some patients diagnosed with benign IgA nephropathy (IgAN) develop a progressive clinical course, not predictable by known clinical or histopathological parameters. To assess if gene expression can differentiate between progressors and non-progressors with assumed benign IgAN, we tested microdissected glomeruli from archival kidney biopsy sections from adult patients with stable clinical remission (21 non-progressors) or from 15 patients that had undergone clinical progression within a 25-year time frame. Based on 1 240 differentially expressed genes from patients with suitable sequencing results, we identified eight IgAN progressor and nine non-progressor genes using a two-component classifier. These genes, including APOL5 and ZXDC, predicted disease progression with 88% accuracy, 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity on average 21.6 years before progressive disease was clinically documented. APOL lipoproteins are associated with inflammation, autophagy and kidney disease while ZXDC is a zinc-finger transcription factor modulating adaptive immunity. Ten genes from our transcriptomics data overlapped with an external genome wide association study dataset, although the gene set enrichment test was not statistically significant. We also identified 45 drug targets in the DrugBank database, including angiotensinogen, a target of sparsentan (dual antagonist of the endothelin type A receptor and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor) currently investigated for IgAN treatment. Two validation cohorts were used for substantiating key results, one by immunohistochemistry and the other by nCounter technology. Thus, glomerular mRNA sequencing from diagnostic kidney biopsies from patients with assumed benign IgAN can differentiate between future progressors and non-progressors at the time of diagnosis.
Letter to the Editor: Intratumor fibrotic HCC, a subtype matching the Hoshida S1 subclass?
Authors: Tian-Cheng Wang, Yu-Dong Xiao, Peng Zhou
Journal: Hepatology (2023)

To the editor, The paper published in Hepatology by Desert et al1 has captured our attention due to its significant relevance to hepatologists involved in the management of patients with HCC, a disease predominantly associated with fibrosis. The authors have successfully identified a distinct subtype of patients with HCC characterized by intratumor fibrosis, which aligns with the Hoshida S1 subclass and exhibits cancer-specific extracellular matrix remodeling.1 However, it is noteworthy that the evaluation of intratumor fibrosis in this study was conducted through hematoxylin-eosin-saffron staining, a subjective assessment performed by 2 pathologists without the inclusion of objective indicators, such as the fibrous nest proportion.1,2 This raises the question of whether quantifying the degree of intratumor fibrosis could enhance the reproducibility of the study. In addition, it is worth mentioning that scirrhous HCC, characterized by a prominent fibrotic stroma, has already been classified as the Hoshida S1 subclass.3 The scirrhous subtype of HCC is distinguished by its abundant and dense fibrous stroma, which is often appreciated in >50% of the tumor area.4 In line with its histological characteristics, gene expression studies have revealed the activation of the TGF-β pathway in scirrhous HCC.5 Consequently, we seek clarification regarding the distinction between intratumor fibrotic HCC and scirrhous HCC and wonder if it overlap between the so-called intratumor fibrotic HCC and scirrhous HCC.
Risk Factors for Young-Onset Dementia in the UK Biobank
Authors: Stevie Hendriks, Janice M. Ranson, Kirsten Peetoom, Ilianna Lourida, Xin You Tai, Marjolein de Vugt, David J. Llewellyn, Sebastian Köhler
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

There is limited information on modifiable risk factors for young-onset dementia (YOD).
Outcomes of Pediatric SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection vs Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Authors: Pontus Hedberg, Lina Abdel-Halim, John Karlsson Valik, Tobias Alfvén, Pontus Nauclér
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

This cohort study compares outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection with those of influenza or respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients attending the emergency department.
Hand and Oral Hygiene Practices of South Korean Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jiyeon Oh, Myeongcheol Lee, Hojae Lee, Hwi Yang, Jaeyu Park, Masoud Rahmati, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Min Seo Kim, Seung Won Lee, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Ho Geol Woo, Dong Keon Yon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Only a few studies have examined the long-term trends of hand and oral hygiene, especially among adolescents. Objective To investigate the 15-year trends in frequency of handwashing and toothbrushing and examine the factors associated with hand and oral hygiene, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study, performed from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2022, used general population–based data from 963 644 individuals in a national representative survey (Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey [KYRBS]). Exposure COVID-19 pandemic. Main Outcomes and Measures Trends in hand and oral hygiene practices were measured by how frequently adolescents washed their hands and whether they fulfilled the recommended guidelines for toothbrushing. An interrupted time series analysis using linear and logistic regression models was performed to assess any associations with the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand and oral hygiene behaviors before and during the pandemic in each sociodemographic subgroup were also compared. Results In the 963 644 adolescents (495 697 [51.4%] male; mean [range] age, 15.01 [12-18] years) who participated in the KYRBS from 2008 to 2022, a 73.3% (95% CI, 59.4%-97.4%; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) immediate increase was seen in overall hand hygiene behavior at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prepandemic period, with a sustained decrease thereafter (β = −0.018; 95% CI, −0.022 to −0.015; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Meanwhile, no immediate increase was observed in terms of overall oral hygiene behavior (0.1%; 95% CI, −0.9% to 1.1%; P = .82); however, there was a sustained decrease during the pandemic (β = −0.018; 95% CI, −0.020 to −0.016; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Older age, female sex, nonsmoking status, alcohol use, low household economic level, and poor school performance were significantly associated with poor hand hygiene during the pandemic. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of South Korean adolescents, an increase in the prevalence of hand hygiene was observed during the early pandemic; however, this prevalence decreased over time. Meanwhile, the decrease in the prevalence of oral hygiene was more pronounced during the pandemic. This study recommends stronger guidelines for adolescent health coaches, such as teachers or public health advisers, regarding hygiene behaviors, even after the COVID-19 pandemic ends.
Looking Beyond Syndrome-Based Criteria for Autoimmune Encephalitis—The Need for Complementary Neural Antibody–Based Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Adrian Budhram, Sarosh R. Irani, Eoin P. Flanagan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses how neural antibody–based diagnostic criteria for autoimmune encephalitis would complement the syndrome-based diagnostic algorithm to improve sensitivity while maintaining high specificity.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Risk of Isolated Nontraumatic Subdural Hemorrhage
Authors: Cyprien A. Rivier, Hooman Kamel, Kevin N. Sheth, Costantino Iadecola, Ajay Gupta, Mony J. de Leon, Elizabeth Ross, Guido J. Falcone, Santosh B. Murthy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in older patients. Although other types of intracranial hemorrhage can occur in conjunction with CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage, the association between CAA and other subtypes of intracranial hemorrhage, particularly in the absence of intracerebral hemorrhage, remains poorly understood.
Socioemotional Development of Infants and Toddlers During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Larisa M. Kuehn, Ashley Jones, Laura Helmkamp, Michael Knudtson, Gretchen J. Domek, Mandy A. Allison
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's socioemotional development is critical to plan for ongoing needs in the early intervention and education systems.
Retinal Hemorrhage Associated with Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis
Authors: Kathryn N. Lynch, Bimala Upadhyaya, Riwaj Bhagat
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

This case report describes a 51-year-old female with presented to the emergency department with high-grade fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diffuse arthralgias, and new-onset worsened vision that had developed over 3 days.