tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Suspected Fentanyl-Involved Nonfatal Overdose Emergency Department Visits, by Age Group, Sex, and Race and Ethnicity — United States, October 2020–March 2024
Authors: Cassandra M. Pickens, Joohyun Park, Shannon M. Casillas, Stephen Liu, Michael Sheppard, Erin K. Stokes, Jean Y. Ko, Seung Hee Lee
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Fatal overdoses involving synthetic opioids such as fentanyl increased sharply during the past decade. Recent data indicate declines in deaths with illegally manufactured fentanyls detected beginning in mid-2023. However, timely data on nonfatal overdoses involving fentanyl are limited. Emergency department (ED) data from CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program during October 2020-March 2024 were analyzed. Quarterly trends in rates of suspected nonfatal overdose of unintentional or undetermined intent involving fentanyl or fentanyl analogs (fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdoses) (i.e., the number of ED visits for fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose per 10,000 total ED visits) were analyzed overall and by age group, sex, and race and ethnicity. During quarter (Q) 4 (October-December) 2020 to Q3 (July-September) 2023, rates of fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdose ED visits increased 8.7% per quarter, from 1.4 to 3.5 per 10,000 ED visits, then declined 11.0% per quarter, to 2.9 per 10,000 ED visits, from Q3 2023 to Q1 (January-March) 2024. Trends increased among a majority of demographic groups through mid-2023, with the highest rates and the largest increases among non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native persons (e.g., 11.9 per 10,000 ED visits in Q3 2023, and an average quarterly increase of 9.0%, respectively). Providers in EDs have an important role in preventing fentanyl-involved nonfatal overdoses. Buprenorphine, a medication used to treat opioid use disorder that can be initiated in an ED, might benefit persons who use EDs as a main source of medical care. In addition, comprehensive services, including screening and treatment of co-occurring mental health conditions, as well as evidence-based prevention, treatment, and recovery support services, might be initiated in EDs because these might be particularly important in communities at high risk for fentanyl overdoses.
Gastric Cancer, Version 2.2025, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines In Oncology
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Thomas A. D’Amico, David J. Bentrem, Carlos U. Corvera, Prajnan Das, Peter C. Enzinger, Thomas Enzler, Hans Gerdes, Michael K. Gibson, Patrick Grierson, Garima Gupta, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David H. Ilson, Shadia Jalal, Sunnie Kim, Lawrence R. Kleinberg, Samuel Klempner, Jill Lacy, Byrne Lee, Frank Licciardi, Shane Lloyd, Quan P. Ly, Karen Matsukuma, Michael McNamara, Ryan P. Merkow, Aaron M. Miller, Sarbajit Mukherjee, Mary F. Mulcahy, Kyle A. Perry, Jose M. Pimiento, Deepti M. Reddi, Scott Reznik, Robert E. Roses, Vivian E. Strong, Stacey Su, Nataliya Uboha, Zev A. Wainberg, Christopher G. Willett, Yanghee Woo, Harry H. Yoon, Nicole R. McMillian, MaryElizabeth Stein
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2025)

Gastric cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Over 95% of gastric cancers are adenocarcinomas, which are typically classified based on anatomic location and histologic type. Gastric cancer generally carries a poor prognosis because it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Systemic therapy can provide palliation, improve survival, and enhance the quality of life in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The implementation of biomarker testing has had a significant impact on clinical practice and patient care. Targeted therapies have demonstrated encouraging results in clinical trials for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Gastric Cancer highlights recommendations for biomarker testing and discusses updates for the treatment of advanced disease, including peritoneal carcinoma as only disease and unresectable locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic disease.
Trends in Prevalence and Correlates of Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnoses Among US Adult Cancer Survivors: Serial Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Anton L.V. Avanceña, Jyun-Heng Lai, Mary M. Velasquez, Corwin M. Zigler, Christopher R. Frei, Michael Pignone
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2025)

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with cancer recurrence, new malignancies, and mortality among survivors of certain cancers. This study evaluated trends (2012–2021) in prevalence and correlates of AUD diagnoses among adult cancer survivors in the United States. Methods: This retrospective, serial cross-sectional study used claims data (2011–2021) from a national sample of US individuals with employer-sponsored health insurance. Adults diagnosed with malignant neoplasms who had at least 6 months of continuous health insurance enrollment prior to their cancer diagnosis were included. The primary outcome was a recent AUD diagnosis in each year of the study period identified from inpatient and outpatient records. We assessed AUD prevalence for each year among all cancer survivors and in specific subgroups. Using data from 2021, we compared sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between cancer survivors with and without AUD diagnoses and identified correlates of AUD diagnosis by using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 5,956,137 eligible cancer survivors, 105,778 (1.78%) had received an AUD diagnosis. The annual prevalence of AUD diagnoses increased from 0.78% in 2012 to 1.43% in 2021 ( P &lt;.0001). AUD prevalence also increased in specific subgroups, including individuals with alcohol-related cancers (from 0.88% to 1.61%; P &lt;.0001) and those receiving antineoplastic agents (from 0.97% to 1.60%; P &lt;.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male sex, alcohol-related cancers, mental health diagnoses, and other substance use disorders were associated with at least 2 to 5 times greater odds of an AUD diagnosis. Conclusions: AUD diagnosis among US cancer survivors with private health insurance has increased over time, mirroring trends in the general population. Integrating AUD screening and treatment into cancer care may help mitigate the unique risks associated with alcohol use and misuse in cancer survivors.
Biomarker-Driven Approach to the Treatment of Metastatic Gastric or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: James Yu, Rutika Mehta
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2025)

The last 2 decades have seen a paradigm shift in the treatment landscape of metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, with most of the progress occurring in recent years. Following the pivotal ToGA trial and the approval of trastuzumab for HER2-positive disease, the search for biomarkers has advanced exponentially. Currently, therapies are guided by key biomarkers such as HER2, PD-L1, dMMR/MSI-H, and, most recently, CLDN18.2. FGFR2b is emerging as a potential biomarker in this field. The most recent addition to this therapeutic arsenal is zolbetuximab. Two recent phase III trials have demonstrated survival benefits with the addition of zolbetuximab to frontline chemotherapy. A number of other biomarker-driven clinical trials are in progress, investigating new targeted agents that are expected to further transform the management of gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.
Management and Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Patients on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Patrick T. Magahis, Deepika Satish, Mini Kamboj, Ngolela Esther Babady, Jennele Baul, Hannah L. Kalvin, Katherine Panageas, Michael A. Postow, Monika Laszkowska, David M. Faleck
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2025)

Background: Data on the severity, management, and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients presenting with diarrhea while receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the course of CDI in this population and the overlapping diagnosis of immune-related enterocolitis (irEC). Methods: This retrospective cohort included ICI-treated patients who presented with diarrhea and underwent CDI stool nucleic acid amplification PCR testing at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between July 2015 and July 2021. Primary outcomes included CDI frequency, treatment regimens, and the need for immunosuppression for irEC. Results: Among 605 ICI-treated patients presenting with diarrhea, 111 (18%) tested positive for CDI. Of these, 84 (76%) were successfully treated with antibiotics alone, whereas 27 (24%) received additional immunosuppressive therapy for suspected or confirmed irEC. Compared with CDI-negative patients, those with CDI had higher rates of prior antibiotic exposure, abdominal pain, fever, bloody stools, and more severe diarrhea and colitis. However, they had lower rates of irEC requiring immunosuppression. Factors associated with the receipt of immunosuppression included CTLA-4–based immunotherapy and grade 3–4 diarrhea and colitis. The CDI recurrence rate was 20%, regardless of the treatment regimen used. Conclusions: In the largest cohort to date of ICI-treated patients with diarrhea, CDI was identified in 18% of cases and was associated with prior antibiotic therapy. Most patients responded to antibiotics alone; however, 24% required immunosuppression for concurrent irEC, and 20% experienced CDI recurrence. Prompt CDI testing and thoughtful clinical treatment and monitoring may improve outcomes in this population.
Evolving Therapeutics for Resectable Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kelsey A. Klute, Manish A. Shah
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2025)

Surgical resection remains the backbone of curative treatment for localized esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, resection alone carries a significant risk of recurrence and is no longer considered an acceptable approach for patients with locally advanced disease. Strategies incorporating perioperative chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and adjuvant immune checkpoint blockade have significantly improved survival. However, despite these advances, approximately half of all patients with locally advanced disease will experience recurrence and ultimately succumb to their disease. To overcome this innate resistance to cytotoxic therapy, novel strategies are being developed. This review discusses both evidence-based and emerging perioperative approaches and explores potential risk-adapted strategies to individualize perioperative therapy.
An immunomechanical checkpoint PYK2 governs monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wenyan Xie, Xin Yu, Qingxin Yang, Nengwen Ke, Ping Wang, Hao Kong, Xiangji Wu, Panpan Ma, Lang Chen, Jie Yang, Xiuqin Feng, Yuan Wang, Hubing Shi, Lu Chen, Yun-Hua Liu, Bi-Sen Ding, Qiang Wei, Hong Jiang
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibrotic, stiff tumor microenvironment (TME), where tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) drive ECM remodeling, progression, and immune evasion. The contribution of mechanical cues to monocyte differentiation into TAMs remains largely unexplored. Here we show that mechanical force is required for monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. PYK2, as an innovative immunomechanical checkpoint, de facto governs this differentiation process. We demonstrated that PYK2 senses mechanical signals via Piezo1 and integrins, triggering F-actin polymerization and translocating to the nucleus to regulate mechanotransduction and differentiation genes (e.g., ACTR3, RELA). Targeted deletion of PYK2 impairs the differentiation and polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages, reshapes the PDAC microenvironment, and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. These findings underscore the critical role of mechanical cues in monocyte differentiation and suggest that targeting PYK2 is a promising strategy to modulate TAM function and improve immunotherapy outcomes in patients with PDAC.
<scp>EULAR</scp>/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Pediatric Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis
Authors: Yongdong Zhao, Melissa S. Oliver, Anja Schnabel, Eveline Y. Wu, Zhaoyi Wang, Achille Marino, Cassyanne L. Aguiar, Jonathan D. Akikusa, Ummusen Kaya Akca, Beverley Almeida, Simone Appenzeller, Erin Balay‐Dustrude, Ozge Basaran, Matthew L. Basiaga, Yelda Bilginer, David A. Cabral, Martina Capponi, Nathan Donaldson, Bugra Han Egeli, Emily J. Fox, Antonella Insalaco, Ramesh S. Iyer, Annette F. Jansson, Inna Kostik, Mikhail Kostik, Leonard K. Kovalick, Katia Tomie Kozu, Sivia K. Lapidus, Tzielan C. Lee, Aleksander Lenert, Kamran Mahmood, Edoardo Marrani, Doaa Mosad Mosa, Ian Muse, Alexander Mushkin, Katherine D. Nowicki, Farzana Nuruzzaman, Karen Onel, Manuela Pardeo, Trang Sophia Pham, Lauren Potts, Athimalaipet V. Ramanan, Angelo Ravelli, Nathan D. Rogers, Andrew W. Grim, Micol Romano, Natalie Rosenwasser, Takashi Shawn Sato, Gabriele Simonini, Jennifer B. Soep, Sara M. Stern, Timmy Strauss, Angela Taneja Kohli, Alexander C. Theos, Lori B. Tucker, Leslie F. Vogel, Shima Yasin, Stephen C. Wong, Katerina Bouchalova, Alison M. Hendry, Kevin C. Cain, Hermann J. Girschick, Fatma Dedeoglu, Christian M. Hedrich, Ronald M. Laxer, Polly J. Ferguson, Raymond Naden, Seza Ozen
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Objective To develop and validate classification criteria for pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) jointly supported by EULAR and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Methods This international initiative had 4 phases: (1) candidate items were proposed in a survey of pediatric rheumatologists, (2) criteria definition and reduction by Delphi and nominal group technique exercises, (3) criteria weighting using multicriteria decision analysis, and (4) refinement of weights and threshold score in a development cohort of 441 patients and validation in another cohort of 514 patients. Results The new EULAR/ACR classification criteria for CNO require typical radiographic or magnetic resonance imaging findings and bone pain as an obligatory entry criterion and exclusion criteria of malignancy, infection, vitamin C deficiency, and hypophosphatasia, followed by additive weighted criteria in 5 clinical (site of bone lesions, pattern of bone lesions, age at onset, coexisting conditions, fever) and 4 pathology/laboratory domains (bone biopsy findings if done, anemia, C‐reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). A total score ≥55 is required for classification as CNO. The new criteria had a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 98% in the validation cohort. Conclusion These new classification criteria for pediatric CNO developed with international input reflect current views about CNO, have high specificity and good sensitivity, and provide a key foundation for future CNO research.
Author Correction: Mapping genetic diversity with the GenomeIndia project
Authors: Chandrika Bhattacharyya, Krithika Subramanian, Bharathram Uppili, Nidhan K Biswas, Shweta Ramdas, Karthik Bharadwaj Tallapaka, Prathima Arvind, Khader Valli Rupanagudi, Arindam Maitra, Tulasi Nagabandi, Tiyasha De, Kuldeep Singh, Praveen Sharma, Nanaocha Sharma, Sunil K Raghav, Punit Prasad, E V Soniya, Abdul Jaleel, Shijulal Nelson Sathi, Madhvi Joshi, Chaitanya Joshi, Mayurika Lahiri, Santosh Dixit, L S Shashidhara, Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar, H Lalhruaitluanga, Lal Nundanga, Venkataram Shivakumar, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Naren P Rao, Mohd Ashraf Ganie, Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani, Ganganath Jha, Ashwin Dalal, Murali Dharan Bashyam, Pritish Kumar Varadwaj, Sanjeev Bs, Yogesh Simmhan, Chirag Jain, Durai Sundar, Ishaan Gupta, Pankaj Yadav, Himanshu Sinha, Manikandan Narayanan, Karthik Raman, Raghu Padinjat, Radhakrishnan Sabarinathan, Yadati Narahari, Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath, Kumarasamy Thangaraj, Divya Tej Sowpati, Mohammed Faruq, Analabha Basu, Bratati Kahali
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)
<scp>EULAR</scp>/American College of Rheumatology Risk Stratification Criteria for Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Risk Stage of Arthralgia
Authors: Hanna W. van Steenbergen, Frank Doornkamp, Stefano Alivernini, John Backlund, Catalin Codreanu, Stanley B. Cohen, Bernard Combe, Andrew P. Cope, Kevin D. Deane, Bryant R. England, Marie Falahee, Pascal H. P. de Jong, Arnd Kleyer, Diane Lacaille, Bertha Maat, Kulveer Mankia, Elise van Mulligen, György Nagy, Liam J. O'Neil, Linda Rodamaker, Ilfita Sahbudin, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg, Alexandre Sepriano, Jose A. P. da Silva, Lukas De Smet, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Paul Studenic, Elisabeth Wethington, Robert L. Landewé, Karim Raza, Annette H. M. van der Helm‐van Mil
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Objective The field of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is moving towards identification of and intervention in people at risk of RA, but a validated risk stratification method is lacking. This work was undertaken to develop a risk stratification method for persons presenting with arthralgia considered to be at risk of RA. Methods A joint EULAR/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) expert committee was established. Risk factor and outcome data from 10 arthralgia cohorts (including clinically suspect arthralgia and autoantibody‐positive arthralgia) were studied. The work focused on differentiating the risk of progression to clinically apparent inflammatory arthritis (IA) within 1 year, using clinical and serologic variables, without and with subclinical joint inflammation detected by ultrasound (US) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Developing RA according to the 2010 EULAR/ACR criteria within 1 year was a secondary outcome. A set of validated risk stratification criteria was developed. Results Using data from 2,293 symptomatic at‐risk individuals, a stratification method was derived consisting of 6 clinical and serologic variables (morning stiffness, patient‐reported joint swelling, difficulty making a fist, C‐reactive protein, rheumatoid factor, and anti‐citrullinated peptide antibody) yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77–0.83) for IA development. The inclusion of US variables did not increase the discriminative ability. When MRI‐detected subclinical inflammation variables were included, the AUC was 0.87 (95% CI 0.82–0.90). In the presence of clinical, serologic, and MRI variables, a sensitivity and specificity of &gt;75% was achieved. For RA development, the AUC of the criteria with MRI was 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97). Conclusions EULAR/ACR risk stratification criteria have been developed for people with arthralgia in secondary care who are considered at risk for RA. The criteria can be applied in the absence or presence of imaging data and have been developed to define homogeneous risk groups for future prevention trials.
EULAR/ACR risk stratification criteria for development of rheumatoid arthritis in the risk stage of arthralgia
Authors: Hanna W. van Steenbergen, Frank Doornkamp, Stefano Alivernini, John Backlund, Catalin Codreanu, Stanley B. Cohen, Bernard Combe, Andrew P. Cope, Kevin D. Deane, Bryant R. England, Marie Falahee, Pascal H.P. de Jong, Arnd Kleyer, Diane Lacaille, Bertha Maat, Kulveer Mankia, Elise van Mulligen, György Nagy, Liam J. O'Neil, Linda Rodamaker, Ilfita Sahbudin, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg, Alexandre Sepriano, Jose A.P. da Silva, Lukas De Smet, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Paul Studenic, Elisabeth Wethington, Robert L. Landewé, Karim Raza, Annette H.M. van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2025)
Fusobacterium mortiferum and its metabolite 5-aminovaleric acid promote the development of colorectal cancer in obese individuals through Wnt/β-catenin pathway by DKK2
Authors: Jiaxin Deng, Jiawei Zhang, Mingli Su, Juan Li, Yuping Su, Qinghua Zhong, Jiancong Hu, Yongcheng Chen, Sen Liao, Dezheng Lin, Xuefeng Guo
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, with high incidence and mortality rates. An increasing body of research suggests that obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of CRC. Moreover, recent findings have highlighted the close association between the gut microbiota and both obesity and CRC. Despite this, the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota influences obesity and CRC remain unclear. This study aims to explore the role of the gut bacterium Fusobacterium mortiferum and its metabolite 5-aminovaleric acid (5-AVA) in the development of obesity and CRC. Our study found that the metabolite 5-aminovaleric acid produced by Fusobacterium mortiferum significantly inhibits the expression of the tumor suppressor DKK2. This inhibition leads to enhanced proliferation of CRC cells. Furthermore, we discovered that Fusobacterium mortiferum and 5-AVA can activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting DKK2, thereby promoting tumor growth. This finding was validated in CRC mouse models and in vitro experiments. Additional mechanistic studies revealed that 5-AVA interacts with the demethylase KDM6B, affecting the demethylation process of DKK2 and subsequently activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our study retrospectively collected fecal samples from patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University over the past five years. Participants were stratified into a healthy control group and an adenoma group based on the outcomes of their colonoscopies. Following this, we conducted metagenomic analysis to identify differential bacteria, and based on the results, we performed bacterial cultivation and metabolomic profiling. The roles of the targeted bacteria and their metabolites were further validated through animal models and cellular assays, employing techniques such as Western Blot, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, molecular docking simulations, and gene overexpression studies. This study uncovers the potential carcinogenic effects of Fusobacterium mortiferum and 5-AVA in the development of obesity and CRC. Our research emphasizes the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and host metabolism and suggests new directions for future research to explore how modulation of the gut microbiota could prevent and treat CRC.