Abstract B054: Defective STING signaling in low-grade serous ovarian cancer: an opportunity for oncolytic viruses therapy
Authors: Almira Zhantuyakova, Dawn Cochrane, Gian Luca Negri, Sandra Spencer Miko, Taha Azad, Marta Llaurado Fernandez, Mark Carey, Gregg B. Morin, John Bell, David D. Huntsman
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract There are two serous ovarian cancer histotypes, low and high grade (LGSOC and HGSOC), which are distinct clinical and biological entities. LGSOC is a rare histotype with a relatively stable genome, while HGSC is more common and genomically unstable. Surprisingly LGSOC expresses high levels of the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING). The STING pathway recognizes cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA and mounts innate cellular immunity through interferon-beta type I production. Our objective is to investigate the aberrant STING signaling in LGSOC and test the effectiveness of oncolytic viruses against LGSOC. We used immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMAs) to assess STING protein expression in different ovarian cancer histotypes. Whole proteome analysis was applied to identify differentially expressed proteins in LGSOC and HGSOC patient samples (both n=9). Further, a semi-targeted proteomics approach was used to evaluate the expression levels of the STING pathway-related proteins in LGSOC, HGSOC, and LGSOC precursor tumors (each subtype, n=20). To evaluate the key transcription, phosphorylation, and translocation events in STING signaling, we treated LGSOC cell lines with an agonist (dsDNA90) and performed qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence experiments, respectively. We tested the viability of the LGSOC cell lines in response to Vaccinia Virus (VV), and Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) based oncolytic vectors with or without immunostimulatory transgenes. Our results show that STING protein levels were consistently higher in LGSOC TMAs relative to other histotypes. Proteomics analysis showed that the half of the 16 most differentially expressed proteins were the effectors of STING signaling with unexpectedly lower expression in LGSOC, suggesting that despite the robust levels of STING in LGSOC tumors, the pathway is not fully active. Attenuated STING translocation and expression of IFNB1 and other cytokines in LGSOC cell lines confirm the aberrancy in the STING pathway. Semi-targeted proteomics revealed the considerable overexpression of STIM1 in LGSOC patient tumors, which has previously been shown to sequester STING in the endoplasmic reticulum. The treatment with VV and VSV oncolytic viruses significantly reduced the proliferation of LGSOC cell lines. In summary, we find attenuated STING signaling in LGSOC, possibly due to overexpression of STIM1 preventing STING translocation. Although oncolytic viruses show promising results in LGSOC cell lines, more research is needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy, testing oncolytic viruses expressing various transgenes and combination therapies. Citation Format: Almira Zhantuyakova, Dawn Cochrane, Gian Luca Negri, Sandra Spencer Miko, Taha Azad, Marta Llaurado Fernandez, Mark Carey, Gregg B. Morin, John Bell, David D. Huntsman. Defective STING signaling in low-grade serous ovarian cancer: an opportunity for oncolytic viruses therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B054.