tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Natural Cause Mortality in Schizophrenia
Authors: Faith Dickerson, Sabahat Khan, Andrea Origoni, Kelly Rowe, Emily Katsafanas, Alexander Harvin, Shuojia Yang, Robert Yolken
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Schizophrenia is associated with premature mortality from mostly natural causes. Decreased cognitive functioning has been identified as a determinant of mortality in the general population. However, there have been few prospective studies of this issue in persons with schizophrenia. Objective To examine whether lower cognitive functioning is a risk factor for natural cause mortality in schizophrenia. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included persons with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder enrolled between February 1, 1999, and December 31, 2022, at a nonprofit psychiatric system in Baltimore, Maryland. Participants were evaluated using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and other clinical measures. Exposure Natural cause mortality. Main Outcomes and Measures Associations of cognitive function, obesity, tobacco smoking, and medical conditions with natural cause mortality were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Of the 844 participants enrolled (mean [SD] age, 39.6 [12.1] years; 533 male [63.2%]), 158 (18.7%) died of natural causes during a median follow-up of 14.4 years (range, 7.0 days to 23.9 years). The most significant factor associated with mortality was lower cognitive functioning as measured by the RBANS (Cox coefficient, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.05 to −0.03; z = −5.72; adjusted P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Additional factors independently associated with mortality included the diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder (hazard ratio [HR], 2.86; 95% CI, 1.83-4.47; z = 4.62; adjusted P &amp;amp;lt; .001), tobacco smoking (HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.55-3.30; z = 4.23; adjusted P &amp;amp;lt; .001), diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.69-6.49; z = 3.48; adjusted P = .006), body mass index as a continuous variable (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; z = 3.30; adjusted P = .01), diagnosis of a cardiac rhythm disorder (HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.40-4.69; z = 3.06; adjusted P = .02), and being divorced or separated (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.22-2.65; z = 2.97; adjusted P = .02). An RBANS score below the 50th percentile displayed a joint association with being a smoker, having an elevated body mass index, and having a diagnosis of an autoimmune or a cardiac rhythm disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this prospective cohort study, lower cognitive functioning was a risk factor for natural cause mortality in schizophrenia. Efforts should be directed at methods to improve cognitive functioning, particularly among individuals with additional risk factors.
Birth Weight, Gestational Age, and Risk of Pediatric-Onset MASLD
Authors: Fahim Ebrahimi, Jialu Yao, Hannes Hagström, Olof Stephansson, Jiangwei Sun, David Bergman, Jonas Söderling, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and is increasingly being diagnosed at younger ages, affecting more than one-third of young people with obesity. Objective To evaluate associations between perinatal conditions and risk of MASLD and associated progressive liver disease. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide, population-based case-control study included all biopsy-confirmed cases of MASLD in Sweden. Individuals aged 25 years or younger (hereafter, young individuals) with biopsy-proven MASLD between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2016, were matched to up to 5 general population control individuals. Granular data on maternal and perinatal characteristics were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to June 2024. Exposures Birth weight (low [&amp;amp;lt;2500 g], reference [2500 to &amp;amp;lt;4000 g], or high [≥4000 g]), gestational age (GA), and birth weight for GA (small for GA [SGA; &amp;amp;lt;10th percentile], appropriate for GA [10th-90th percentile], or large for GA [LGA; &amp;amp;gt;90th percentile]), compared between patients and matched controls. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was odds of biopsy-proven MASLD and MASLD-associated progressive liver disease (ie, liver fibrosis or cirrhosis) according to birth weight, GA, and birth weight for GA, adjusted for matching factors. Results In total, 165 young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD (median age at diagnosis: 12.0 years [IQR, 4.4-16.9 years]; 100 [60.6%] male) were matched with 717 controls. There was an association between low birth weight and future development of MASLD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.05; 95% CI, 1.85-8.88) but no association between high birth weight and odds of MASLD (AOR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.38-1.08) compared with the reference birth weight. An association was seen for SGA (AOR, 3.36; 95% CI, 2.00-5.64) compared with appropriate size for GA (reference category) but not for LGA (AOR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27-1.20). Progressive liver disease was more common in individuals born with low birth weight (AOR, 6.03; 95% CI, 1.66-21.87) or SGA (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.15-11.14). Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide study of young individuals with biopsy-proven MASLD, low birth weight and SGA were associated with development of MASLD and progressive liver disease, suggesting a need for structured screening measures to diagnose these conditions early in high-risk individuals.
Dietary-timing-induced gut microbiota diurnal oscillations modulate inflammatory rhythms in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fopei Ma, Zhuang Li, Haihua Liu, Shixian Chen, Songyuan Zheng, Junqing Zhu, Hao Shi, Haixin Ye, Zhantu Qiu, Lei Gao, Bingqi Han, Qian Yang, Xing Wang, Yang Zhang, Lifang Cheng, Huijie Fan, Shuaijun Lv, Xiaoshan Zhao, Hongwei Zhou, Juan Li, Mukeng Hong
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2024)
Use of COVID-19 Vaccines for Persons Aged ≥6 Months: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2024–2025
Authors: Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Danielle L. Moulia, Monica Godfrey, Ruth Link-Gelles, Lauren Roper, Fiona P. Havers, Christopher A. Taylor, Shannon Stokley, H. Keipp Talbot, Robert Schechter, Oliver Brooks, Matthew F. Daley, Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra, Megan Wallace
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

COVID-19 vaccination provides additional protection against severe COVID-19-associated illness and death. Since September 2023, 2023-2024 Formula monovalent XBB.1-strain COVID-19 vaccines have been recommended for use in the United States for all persons aged ≥6 months. However, SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, and since winter 2023-2024, Omicron JN.1 lineage strains of SARS-CoV-2, including the JN.1 strain and the KP.2 strain, have been widely circulating in the United States. Further, COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is known to wane. On June 27, 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccination with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved or authorized vaccine for all persons aged ≥6 months. On August 22, 2024, FDA approved the 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines by Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech (based on the KP.2 strain) for use in persons aged ≥12 years and authorized these vaccines for use in children aged 6 months-11 years under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). On August 30, 2024, FDA authorized 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine by Novavax (based on the JN.1 strain) for use in persons aged ≥12 years under EUA. ACIP will continue to evaluate new evidence as it becomes available and will update recommendations as needed.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes from NRG/NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413: Whole-breast Irradiation vs Accelerated Partial-breast Irradiation after Breast Conserving Surgery
Authors: Patricia A Ganz, Reena S Cecchini, Julia R White, Frank A Vicini, Douglas W Arthur, Rachel A Rabinovitch, Robert R Kuske, Thomas B Julian, David S Parda, Michael F Scheier, Kathryn A Winter, Soonmyung Paik, Henry M Kuerer, Laura A Vallow, Lori J Pierce, Eleftherios P Mamounas, Beryl McCormick, Harry D Bear, Isabelle Germain, Gregory S Gustafson, Linda Grossheim, Ivy A Petersen, Richard S Hudes, Walter J Curran, Norman Wolmark
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract Background NRG Oncology NSABP B-39/RTOG 0413 compared whole-breast irradiation (WBI) to accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI). APBI was not equivalent to WBI in local tumor control. Secondary outcome was quality of life (QOL). Methods The QOL sub-study used validated self-report questionnaires, including the Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) vitality scale. Assessments occurred before random assignment, at treatment completion (chemotherapy or radiotherapy), 4 weeks later, at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months. Primary aims: cosmesis change equivalency (baseline to 3 years; a priori margin of equivalence 0.4 standard deviations) and fatigue change superiority (baseline to end of treatment [EOT]) for APBI vs WBI, by patient groups treated with or without chemotherapy when appropriate. Results From March 21, 2005 to May 25, 2009, 975 patients enrolled in this sub-study; 950 had follow-up data. APBI had 3-year cosmesis equivalent to WBI (95% CI = -0.0001 to -0.16; equivalence margin -0.22 to -0.22) in all patients. The APBI group without chemotherapy had less EOT fatigue (P = .011; mean score APBI 63 vs WBI 59); the APBI group receiving chemotherapy had worse EOT fatigue (P = .011; APBI 43 vs WBI 49). The APBI group reported less pain (BCTOS) at EOT (WBI 2.29 vs APBI 1.97) but worse pain at 3 years (WBI 1.62 vs APBI 1.71). APBI patients reported greater convenience of care than with WBI and reported less symptom severity at EOT and 4 weeks later. Conclusion Cosmetic outcomes were similar for the APBI and WBI groups, with small statistically significant differences in other outcomes that varied over time. Differences in fatigue and other symptoms appeared to resolve by ≥6 months. APBI may be preferred by some patients, for whom extended treatment is burdensome. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00103181.
<i>Vital Signs</i>: Suicide Rates and Selected County-Level Factors — United States, 2022
Authors: Alison L. Cammack, Mark R. Stevens, Rebecca B. Naumann, Jing Wang, Wojciech Kaczkowski, Jorge Valderrama, Deborah M. Stone, Robin Lee
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Approximately 49,000 persons died by suicide in the United States in 2022, and provisional data indicate that a similar number died by suicide in 2023. A comprehensive approach that addresses upstream community risk and protective factors is an important component of suicide prevention. A better understanding of the role of these factors is needed, particularly among disproportionately affected populations.
Associations between food insecurity in high-income countries and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zoë Bell, Giang Nguyen, Gemma Andreae, Stephanie Scott, Letitia Sermin-Reed, Amelia A Lake, Nicola Heslehurst
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Background Maternal nutrition is crucial for health in pregnancy and across the generations. Experiencing food insecurity during pregnancy is a driver of inequalities in maternal diet with potential maternal and infant health consequences. This systematic review explored associations between food insecurity in pregnancy and maternal and infant health outcomes. Methods and findings Searches included 8 databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychInfo, ASSIA, SSPC in ProQuest, and CINAHL), grey literature, forwards and backwards citation chaining, and contacting authors. Studies in high-income countries (HICs) reporting data on food insecurity in pregnancy and maternal or infant health, from January 1, 2008 to November 21, 2023 were included. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out independently in duplicate. Random effects meta-analysis was performed when data were suitable for pooling, otherwise narrative synthesis was conducted. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022311669), reported with PRISMA checklist (S1 File). Searches identified 24,223 results and 25 studies ( n = 93,871 women) were included: 23 from North America and 2 from Europe. Meta-analysis showed that food insecurity was associated with high stress level (OR 4.07, 95% CI [1.22, 13.55], I 2 96.40%), mood disorder (OR 2.53, 95% CI [1.46, 4.39], I 2 55.62%), gestational diabetes (OR 1.64, 95% CI [1.37, 1.95], I 2 0.00%), but not cesarean delivery (OR 1.42, 95% CI [0.78, 2.60], I 2 56.35%), birth weight (MD −58.26 g, 95% CI [−128.02, 11.50], I 2 38.41%), small-for-gestational-age (OR 1.20, 95%, CI [0.88, 1.63], I 2 44.66%), large-for-gestational-age (OR 0.88, 95% CI [0.70, 1.12] I 2 11.93%), preterm delivery (OR 1.18, 95% CI [0.98, 1.42], I 2 0.00%), or neonatal intensive care (OR 2.01, 95% CI [0.85, 4.78], I 2 70.48%). Narrative synthesis showed food insecurity was significantly associated with dental problems, depression, anxiety, and maternal serum concentration of perfluoro-octane sulfonate. There were no significant associations with other organohalogen chemicals, assisted delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, hospital admissions, length of stay, congenital anomalies, or neonatal morbidity. Mixed associations were reported for preeclampsia, hypertension, and community/resilience measures. Conclusions Maternal food insecurity is associated with some adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly mental health and gestational diabetes. Most included studies were conducted in North America, primarily the United States of America, highlighting a research gap across other contexts. Further research in other HICs is needed to understand these associations within varied contexts, such as those without embedded interventions in place, to help inform policy and care requirements.
Understanding activity and physiology at scale: The Apple Heart &amp; Movement Study
Authors: James Truslow, Angela Spillane, Huiming Lin, Katherine Cyr, Adeeti Ullal, Edith Arnold, Ron Huang, Laura Rhodes, Jennifer Block, Jamie Stark, James Kretlow, Alexis L Beatty, Andreas Werdich, Deepali Bankar, Matt Bianchi, Ian Shapiro, Jaime Villalpando, Sharon Ravindran, Irida Mance, Adam Phillips, John Earl, Rahul C Deo, Sumbul A Desai, Calum A MacRae
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)
The intrauterine device: how to deploy this strategy in the molecular world?
Authors: Paul Johannet, Claire F. Friedman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Progestin-based therapy can safely be offered to a subset of patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia or Grade 1 endometrioid endometrial cancer who desire fertility preservation. A recent study shows that levonorgestrel intrauterine device confers durable clinical benefit and identifies possible immune mechanisms of relapse and resistance.
Long-Term Oxygen Therapy for 24 or 15 Hours per Day in Severe Hypoxemia
Authors: Magnus Ekström, Anders Andersson, Savvas Papadopoulos, Taivo Kipper, Bo Pedersen, Ozren Kricka, Pierre Sobrino, Michael Runold, Andreas Palm, Anders Blomberg, Ranjh Hamed, Eva Lindberg, Björn Sundberg, Nermin Hadziosmanovic, Filip Björklund, Christer Janson, Christine F. McDonald, David C. Currow, Josefin Sundh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Long-term oxygen supplementation for at least 15 hours per day prolongs survival among patients with severe hypoxemia. On the basis of a nonrandomized comparison, long-term oxygen therapy has been recommended to be used for 24 hours per day, a more burdensome regimen.
Publisher Correction: A plasma protein-based risk score to predict hip fractures
Authors: Thomas R Austin, Maria Nethander, Howard A Fink, Anna E Törnqvist, Diana I Jalal, Petra Buzkova, Joshua I Barzilay, Laura Carbone, Maiken E Gabrielsen, Louise Grahnemo, Tianyuan Lu, Kristian Hveem, Christian Jonasson, Jorge R Kizer, Arnulf Langhammer, Kenneth J Mukamal, Robert E Gerszten, Bruce M Psaty, John A Robbins, Yan V Sun, Anne Heidi Skogholt, John A Kanis, Helena Johansson, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Rodrigo J Valderrabano, Jie Zheng, J Brent Richards, Eivind Coward, Claes Ohlsson
Journal: Nature Aging (2024)
Adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions following COVID-19 vaccination: a federated cohort study
Authors: Benjamin Rader, Neil K R Sehgal, Julie Michelman, Stefan Mellem, Marinanicole D Schultheiss, Tom Hoddes, Jamie MacFarlane, Geoff Clark, Shawn O'Banion, Paul Eastham, Gaurav Tuli, James A Taylor, John S Brownstein
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)
Proteomic Risk Score of Increased Respiratory Susceptibility: A Multi-Cohort Study
Authors: Gabrielle Y. Liu, Andrew S. Perry, George R Washko, Eric Farber-Eger, Laura A Colangelo, Quanhu Sheng, Quinn Wells, Xiaoning Huang, Bharat Thyagarajan, Weihua Guan, Shaina J. Alexandria, Raúl San José Estépar, Russell P. Bowler, Anthony J. Esposito, Sadiya S Khan, Ravi V. Shah, Bina Choi, Ravi Kalhan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Accelerated decline in lung function is associated with incident COPD, hospitalizations and death. However, identifying this trajectory with longitudinal spirometry measurements is challenging in clinical practice.
Intranasal Delivery of circATF7IP siRNA via Lipid Nanoparticles Alleviates LPS‐induced Depressive‐Like Behaviors
Authors: Minzi Ju, Zhongkun Zhang, Feng Gao, Gang Chen, Sibo Zhao, Dan Wang, Huijuan Wang, Yanpeng Jia, Ling Shen, Yonggui Yuan, Honghong Yao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder that significantly impacts social and psychological function, but no effective medication is currently available. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of MDD which are envisioned as promising therapeutic targets. However, nonviral‐based delivery strategies targeting circRNA against MDD are not thoroughly investigated. Here, it is identified that circATF7IP is significantly upregulated in plasma samples and positively correlated with 24‐Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD‐24) scores of MDD patients. Synergistic amine lipid nanoparticles (SALNPs) are designed to deliver siRNA targeting circATF7IP (si‐circATF7IP) into the hippocampus brain region by intranasal administration. Intranasal delivery of SALNP‐si‐circATF7IP successfully alleviated the depressive‐like behaviors in the LPS‐induced mouse depression model via decreasing CD11b + CD45 dim microglia population and pro‐inflammatory cytokine productions (TNF‐α and IL‐6). These results indicate that the level of circATF7IP positively correlates with MDD pathogenesis, and SALNP delivery of si‐circATF7IP via intranasal administration is an effective strategy to ameliorate LPS‐induced depressive‐like behaviors.
Segmental patterning of microbiota and immune cells in the murine intestinal tract
Authors: Harithaa Anandakumar, Ariana Rauch, Moritz I. Wimmer, Alex Yarritu, Gudrun Koch, Victoria McParland, Hendrik Bartolomaeus, Nicola Wilck
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The intestine exhibits distinct characteristics along its length, with a substantial immune cell reservoir and diverse microbiota crucial for maintaining health. This study investigates how anatomical location and regional microbiota influence intestinal immune cell abundance. Using conventionally colonized and germ-free mice, segment-specific immune cell composition and microbial communities were assessed. Metagenomic sequencing analyzed microbiome variations, while flow cytometry and immunofluorescence examined immune cell composition. Microbiome composition varied significantly along the intestine, with diversity and abundance increasing from upper to lower segments. Immune cells showed distinct segment-specific patterning influenced by microbial colonization and localization. T cell subsets displayed varied dependence on microbiome presence and anatomical location. This study highlights locoregional differences in intestinal immune cell and microbiome composition, identifying immune subsets susceptible to microbiota presence. The findings provide context for understanding immune cell alterations in disease models.
Hyaluronic Acid Role in Biomaterials Prevascularization
Authors: Julia Simińska‐Stanny, Daria Podstawczyk, Christine Delporte, Lei Nie, Armin Shavandi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Tissue vascularization is a major bottleneck in tissue engineering. In this review, the state of the art on the intricate role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in angiogenesis is explored. HA plays a twofold role in angiogenesis. First, when released as a free polymer in the extracellular matrix (ECM), HA acts as a signaling molecule triggering multiple cascades that foster smooth muscle cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation thereby contributing to vessel wall thickening. Simultaneously, HA bound to the plasma membrane in the pericellular space functions as a polymer block, participating in vessel formation. Starting with the HA origins in native vascular tissues, the approaches aimed at achieving vascularization in vivo are reviewed. The significance of HA molecular weight (MW) in angiogenesis and the challenges associated with utilizing HA in vascular tissue engineering (VTE) are conscientiously addressed. The review finally focuses on a thorough examination and comparison of the diverse strategies adopted to harness the benefits of HA in the vascularization of bioengineered materials. By providing a nuanced perspective on the multifaceted role of HA in angiogenesis, this review contributes to the ongoing discourse in tissue engineering and advances the collective understanding of optimizing vascularization processes assisted by functional biomaterials.