tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical studies on pre-infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40 in prevention of transurethral electroresection of prostate syndrome
Authors: Russell, Viner, Tim, Cole, 冯凯（译）, 王姮（校）
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Objective To investigate the effects of pre-infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxyethyl starch 40(HH40)injection in prevention for transurethral electroresection of the prostate syndrome(Tuns).Methods Sixty patients with benign prostate hyperplasia(ASA)grades Ⅱ toⅢwere recruited in the study and randomly divided into two groups,one injected intravenously with HH40 at dose of 5 ml/kg by drip after sursical operation a8 experiment and the other injcoted with the same volume of Ringer's solution as control Mcan arterial pressure,heart rate,saturation of blood oxygen(SaO2)and central venous pressure were monitored for all the patients.In addition.serum concentrations of sodium,potassium,chloride and serum osmolality were determined before(T0)and 30 min(T30)and 60 min(T60) after operation,respectively,as well as pH valRe and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PgCO2)in the gastric mucosa were determined by a Tonocap monitor.Occurrence of TURS and use of atropine,ephedrine and rinse solution were documented.Resuits TURS occurred in four patients in the eontrol group during surgical operation,whereas uo TUns occurred in experimental group.Serum sodium concentration was (126.5±13.3)mmoL/L at T60 in control group,significantly lower than that in experimental group(P＜0.05),while intragastric pH value and PgC02 level were(7.26±0.04)and(54±9)mm Hg[(7.2±1.2)kPa],respectively in controls,significantly higher than those in experimental group(P＜0.05).Conclusions Pre-infusion with HH 40 can improve tissue perfusion and prevent effectively from TURS in patients with transurethral electroresection of the prostate.

Key words: 
Hetasterch;  Intraoperative complications; TransuretIlml resection of prostate; Gastric mucosa
The clinical presentation of command hallucinations in a forensic population
Authors: R Rogers, J R Gillis, R E Turner, T Frise-Smith
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

In a forensic population, patients with command hallucinations (N = 25) were compared to two groups of psychotic patients: those with noncommand hallucinations (N = 24) and those without hallucinations (N = 16). The three groups did not differ in overall impairment as measured by the Global Assessment Scale and the Social Behavior Rating Schedule. However, the group with command hallucinations differed in the content of their hallucinations (more aggression, dependency, and self-punishment themes), and nearly one-half did not report or denied their command hallucinations to the assessment team. Many patients (N = 11, 44%) reported that they frequently responded to hallucinatory commands with unquestioning obedience.
Abstract 21553: Minimal Lumen Site is Not Involved in the Rupture Site of Culprit Lesions in the Majority of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.
Authors: Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Riga, Antonios Karanasos, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Andreas Synetos, Maria Drakopoulou, Ioannis Karampelas, Costas Tsioufis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Purpose: There are only a limited number of in vivo studies which describe the morphological characteristics of the several parts of culprit lesions in patients (pts) with ACS. As optical coherence...
Abstract 2996: The Relationship of Heart Rate in the Early Post Myocardial Infarction Period and Long Term Outcome: Results From the VALsartan in Acute Myocardial iNfarcTion (VALIANT) Trial
Authors: George Moukarbel, Hajime Uno, Scott D Solomon, Amil M Shah, John J McMurray, Harvey D White, Eric J Velazquez, Robert M Califf, Frans Van de Werf, Karl Swedberg, Costantina Manes, Mariya P Tokmakova, Marc A Pfeffer
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Abstract 5961: Defining An Evidence-Based Cutpoint for Medication Adherence in Heart Failure
Authors: Jia-Rong Wu, Terry A Lennie, Marla J De Jong, Mary Kay Rayens, Misook L Chung, Barbara Riegel, Debra K Moser
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Patients with heart failure (HF) are required to take multiple medications. Long-term adherence to the HF medication regimen is necessary in order to achieve better patient outcomes. Despite the importance of adherence, clinically relevant cutpoints for distinguishing the level of adherence associated with outcomes are unknown. The purpose of this study was to use outcomes (i.e., event-free) as a criterion to determine the level of medication adherence required to achieve the best clinical outcomes. The specific aim was to determine the cutpoint above which there is a positive relationship between level of medication adherence and outcomes. This was a longitudinal study of 135 patients with HF. Medication adherence was measured using a valid and objective measure, the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Two indicators of adherence were assessed by the MEMS: dose-count, percentage of prescribed doses taken and dose-days, percentage of days correct number of doses taken. Patients were followed up to 3.5 years to collect data on outcomes. A series of Kaplan-Meier plots with log-rank tests, Cox-survival analyses, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were assessed comparing event-free survival in patients divided at one point incremental cutpoints. Event-free survival was significantly better when the prescribed number of doses taken [dose-count] or the correct dose [dose-day]) was ≥ 88%. This level was confirmed in a Cox regression model controlling for age, gender, ejection fraction, NYHA, comorbidity, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, and beta-blocker use. ROC curves showed that adherence rates above 88 – 89% produced the optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity with respect to predicting better event-free survival. With this as the adherence cutpoint, patients in the nonadherent group were 2.2 times (by dose-count) to 3.2 times (by dose-day) more likely to experience a first event ( p = .021 and .002, respectively), compared to patients in the adherent group. The results of this study provide clinicians and researchers with an evidence-based recommendation about the level of adherence needed to achieve the best outcomes.
Patient initiation of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) during conventional cancer treatment
Authors: N. Vapiwala, R. Mick, M. Hampshire, J. Metz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

8131 Purpose: CAM use is prevalent both in the healthy population and among adult cancer patients (pts). However, there are little data quantifying the initiation of CAM specifically after cancer diagnosis. This study evaluated pts' CAM usage patterns, reasons for utilization, and general perceptions during conventional cancer therapy. Methods: An Internet- and clinic-based piloted questionnaire assessing pt demographics and CAM use was distributed from 7/04 - 9/04. In total, 604 responses were analyzed: 385 (64%) from the Internet (www.oncolink.org) and 219 (36%) from 2 oncology clinics. Pts were predominantly female (61.4%) and white (82%); about half (47%) held college or graduate degrees. Over 90% of pts reported receiving >/= 1 conventional treatment(s), primarily chemotherapy and radiation. Results: Initiation of at least one CAM after diagnosis was reported by 54%, with a median of 2 CAM approaches per pt (range 1–6). CAM users were more likely than non-users to be on chemotherapy (63% vs. 50.5%, p=0.003) and in clinical trials (14% vs. 7%, p=0.007). CAM utilization was greater in females (59% vs. 47% males, p=0.004) and pts with higher education levels (54.7% vs. 45.3% non-college graduates, p<0.001), but not in whites compared to non-whites (55% vs. 50%, p=0.34). The most commonly cited reason for CAM use after diagnosis was "general overall health" (38%). Females were more likely than males to use CAM for depressed mood since diagnosis (11% vs. 5%, p=0.05) and hot flashes (12% vs. 4%, p=0.02). Less than one-third of pts cited their healthcare providers (HCPs) as primary sources of information on CAM. The vast majority of users (86%) expressed satisfaction with CAM as a cost-effective approach. Conclusions: Over half (54%) of adult cancer pts initiate CAM therapy after cancer diagnosis and during conventional oncologic treatments. HCPs should be aware of their pts' reasons for CAM use, particularly for symptom management and improved quality of life during conventional therapy. HCPs should also be familiar with the information sources commonly used by pts, and supplement these sources with discussion of pertinent safety profiles and potential interactions with conventional therapies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 1316: Deficiency of the WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) Impairs the HDL Biogenesis Pathway
Authors: Iulia Iatan, Dana Bailey, Anouar Hafiane, Nicola Zanesi, Cristian Taccioli, Mohammad Abu Odeh, Paivi Pajukanta, Carlo M Croce, Rami I Aqeilan, Larbi Krimbou, Jacques Genest
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Trial of prescribing strategies for sore throat
Authors: R. Simo, A. Pahade, A. Belloso, P. Little, I. Williamson, C. Gould, A.-L. Kinmonth, M. Gantley, G. Warner
Journal: BMJ (1998)

One fifth of samples of unpasteurised milk are contaminated with bacteriaEditor-The question of whether unpasteurised ("green top") cows' milk should be banned from retail sale in England and Wales, as it is in Scotland, is being debated.We report microbiological results on 1097 samples of unpasteurised milk bought from 242 retail outlets in England and Wales between May 1996 and July 1997.The study was to determine the frequency of contamination with potential pathogens and whether statutory tests reflected the presence of these pathogens.Under the Dairy Products Hygiene Regulations 1995, unpasteurised milk for drinking, at the time that it is packaged, must be "free of pathogenic micro-organisms and their toxins in quantities such as to affect the health of the ultimate consumer." 1 In addition, such milk must not contain Staphylococcus aureus ( > 500 organisms/ml) or Escherichia coli.Milk sold direct to the ultimate customer must also not contain coliforms ( > 100 organisms/ml).The aerobic plate count as a geometric mean over two months should not exceed 50 000 organisms/ml.Milk for pasteurisation must have an aerobic plate count below 300 000 organisms/ml.Potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 41 of the 1097 samples, from 28 retail outlets.Salmonella was present in five samples (S typhimurium DT104, S dublin, S virchow PT26, S anatum, and both S havana and S ruiru); E coli O157 (verotoxinproducing E coli) in three; campylobacter in 19; Staph aureus ( > 500 organisms/ml) in 12; and Lancefield groups C or G streptococci ( > 100 organisms/ml) in two.The eight samples containing E coli O157 or salmonella came from eight separate retail outlets.The three outlets with samples positive for E coli O157 stopped selling unpasteurised milk.A fifth of the samples that did not contain pathogens (163/783) had unacceptable aerobic plate counts or coliform counts.These were from 100 of the retail outlets.Twenty seven samples contained E coli at > 100 organisms/ml.The aerobic plate count for 39 samples (33 outlets) exceeded the threshold for pasteurisation.These high counts are unacceptable for unpasteurised milk sold at retail. 1 2 Thus one or more samples from 128 of the 242 outlets contained pathogenic bacteria or had aerobic plate counts or coliform counts above acceptable levels.However, 29of the 41 samples containing potential pathogens, including three containing E coli O157, had satisfactory bacterial counts.Therefore good hygienic quality did not guarantee the absence of pathogens.When our data are coupled with evidence of human illness associated with the consumption of unpasteurised milk, [3][4][5] we must conclude that the continuing availability of unpasteurised milk on retail sale constitutes an unacceptable risk to public health.
Abstract 16907: Activation of Integrin {alpha}M{beta}2 on Human Monocytes Regulates Alternative Activation of Macrophages: Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase and Scavenger Receptor CD36
Authors: Valentin P Yakubenko, Ashish Bhattacharjee, Martha K Cathcart
Journal: Circulation (2010)

The alternative activation of monocytes with IL-13 and IL-4 is a host defense mechanism involved in the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages. The purpose of this study ...
Abstract 2662: Delayed Afterdepolarization in Intact Canine Sinoatrial Node as a Novel Mechanism for Atrial Arrhythmia
Authors: Boyoung Joung, Hong Zhang, Tetsuji Shinohara, Mitsunori Maruyama, Shien-Fong Lin, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background -   Recent evidence indicates that spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release and Na-Ca exchanger current ( I  NCX ) activation contribute to the sinoatrial node (SAN) automaticity. These findings suggest that automaticity and triggered activity share the same mechanism. However, delayed afterdepolarization (DAD) has not been reported in intact SAN.    Methods and Results -   We simultaneously mapped intracellular Ca (Ca i ) and membrane potential (Vm) in 21 Langendorff-perfused canine right atrium (RA) at baseline and during isoproterenol (ISO) infusion with spatial resolution of 0.35 × 0.35 mm 2 /pixel and temporal resolution of 1 ms/frame. ISO infusion increased heart rate and late diastolic Ca i  elevation (LDCAE) of the superior SAN, leading to consistent SAN automaticity in 17 RAs. However, intermittent transient late diastolic depolarization was observed in 4 RAs when ISO dose was increased from 0.1 to 0.3  μ mol/L. These diastolic depolarizations were preceded by LDCAE, and were not followed by a full action potential. Therefore, they were consistent with the definition of DADs. An ectopic pacemaker then antidromically activated the SAN, resulting in atrial arrhythmia. Further increase of ISO dose eliminated DADs. The DADs occurred either intermittently (n=19) or in an alternans patterns (n=18). The cycle lengths closed by ectopic beats were longer than those closed by normal sinus beats (407±48 ms, vs. 371±44 ms, p=0.002). To further explore the mechanisms of DADs, we performed computer simulation using the Maltsev model of the SAN (AJP 2009). The DADs are observed when either the  I  CaL  or  I  NCX  were reduced by 50% while SR Ca uptake was increased by 50%. Further increase of these currents produced consistent SAN activation. These findings suggest that  I  CaL  inhibition by increased SR Ca release may play a role in the transient appearance of DADs during intermediate dose of ISO.    Conclusions -   Intermediate dose ISO infusion may induce DADs in the SAN. While a robust LDCAE may induce sufficiently large DADs to trigger sinus beats,  I  CaL  inhibition by increased SR Ca release during intermediate dose ISO infusion may result in DADs that are too small to activate SAN. These findings indicate that triggered activity underlies SAN automaticity.
Lifestyle, progesterone, and risk of breast cancer
Authors: R. A Wiseman, G. Jasienska, I. Thune
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—Increasing progesterone concentrations are not associated with increasing incidence of breast cancer, despite the neat correlation diagram by Jasienska and Thune, and they are wrong to infer causality.1 Some points in their diagram are based on 20 or fewer samples, from which they draw conclusions about the whole country, and many of the progesterone values quoted do not coincide with their cited reference.2 However, the main criticism is that they have ignored other scientific data that do not reinforce their hypothesis.

In some places high progesterone concentrations have been found in conjunction with a low incidence of breast cancer—for example, Shanghai, where the progesterone concentrations of small numbers of Chinese women were similar or even higher than women in Chicago or Harvard.3–5 This is despite the fact that the incidence of breast cancer is 19.1 per 100 000 women with adjustment for age in Shanghai compared with about threefold in the United States.w1 Determinations were not necessarily carried out by the same methods, which probably leads to some technical differences. Nevertheless, the values would not fit even close to the correlation by Jasienska and Thune. More importantly, if there were a causal association between high progesterone concentrations and cancer, women with breast cancer should have higher progesterone concentrations than normal controls, but they do not.w2 w3

Far from being a cause of breast cancer, progesterone (in the form of norethisterone acetate, a synthetic progesterone used because of oral availability) was until recently a treatment for disseminated breast cancer.w4
Abstract 18806: Cofilin Is A Negative Regulator Of G-protein Independent {beta}-arrestin Signaling
Authors: Neelakantan T Vasudevan, Manveen K Gupta, Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Cofilin is a known regulator of actin remodeling. Accumulating evidence indicate that Cofilin may be an active participant in regulating signal transduction independent of actin remodeling. Since i...
Abstract #LB-14: Functional characterization of MKP3 in the regulation of estrogen receptor-alpha in ovarian cancer
Authors: Vincent Liu, David Chan, Hextan Ngan
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Despite recent advances in ovarian cancer treatment, the associated mortality has not improved significantly. Insight into the molecular mechanisms involved inthe etiology and progression of the disease would help in the search for new strategies that would translate into better survival.Two-thirds of all ovarian cancers over-express estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha). High ER-alpha expression levels have been implicated in the tumorigenesis, prognosis and response to treatment but the exact mechanism of ER regulation is still unclear. Previous report indicated that ERK1/2 activates Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) transcriptional factor which in turn increases ER-alpha expression in breast cancer. In our own work, we found that Dual specificity MAPK phophatase 3 (MKP3), a negative regulator of ERK1/2, was downregulated in ovarian cancer. In addition, we have also found that enforced expression of MKP3 inhibited the ERK1/2 activity and reduced the expressions of FOXM1 and ER-alpha. Conversely, depletion of endogenous of MKP3 by RNAi elevated the ERK1/2 activity, and FOXM1 and ER-alpha expression in ovarian cancer cells. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the frequent under-expression of MKP3 leads to aberrant activation of ERK1/2 activity and increased ER-alpha expression through ERK1/2/FOXM1/ER-alpha signaling pathway in ovarian cancer. To further characterize the MKP3/ERK1/2/FOXM1/ER-alpha signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells, we are examining the molecular mechanism in silencing of MKP3 in ovarian cancer, and testing whether the restoration of MKP3 in MKP3-deficient ovarian cancer cells may sensitize these cells to anti-estrogenic treatment. Our data may shed insight into the role of MKP3 in the regulation of ER-alpha through ERK1/2 signaling pathway and ERK activation-dependent FOXM1 transcriptional activity. This would allow a better understanding of the role of hormonal therapy and it might also provide a scientific basis for future development of novel treatments.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-14.
Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. Vol. 47/No. RR-7.
Authors: Linda A. Chiarello, Denise M. Cardo, Adelisa L. Panlilio, David M. Bell, Johnathan E. Kaplan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1998)

Abstract : This report updates and consolidates all previous PHS recommendations for the management of health-care workers (HCWs) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that may contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); it includes recommendations for HlV post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and discusses the scientific rationale for PEP The decision to recommend HIV postexposure prophylaxis must take into account the nature of the exposure (ag., needlestick or potentially infectious fluid that comes in contact with a mucous membrane) and the amount of blood or body fluid involved in the exposure. Other considerations include pregnancy in the HCW and exposure to virus known or suspected to be resistant to antiretroviral drugs. Assessments of the risk for infection resulting from the exposure and of the infection of the exposure source are key determinants of offering PEP Systems should be in place for the timely evaluation and management of exposed HCWs and for consultation with experts in the treatment of HIV when using PEP Recommendations for PEP have been modified to include a basic 4-week regimen of two drugs (zidovudine and lamivudine) for most HIV exposures and an expanded regimen that includes the addition of a pro tease inhibitor (indinavir or nelfinavir for HIV exposures that pose an increased risk for transmission or where resistance to one or more of the antiretroviral agents recommended for PEP is known or suspected. An algorithm is provided to guide clinicians and exposed health-care workers in deciding when to consider PEP Occupational exposures should be considered urgent medical concerns to ensure timely administration of PEP Health-care organizations should have protocols that promote prompt reporting and facilitate access to post-exposure care. Enrollment of HCWs in registries designed to assess side effects in HCWs who take PEP is encouraged.