tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
使用个体参与者资料进行荟萃分析：理论、指导及报告
Authors: Richard, Riley, Paul, Lambert, Ghada, Abo-Zaid, 江枫, 胡承, 贾伟平
Journal: BMJ (2011)

在荟萃（meta）分析中，使用个体参与者资料替代整合后的数据进行分析，在统计学及临床上均具有潜在的优势。Richard D Riley及其同事们不但阐述了使用个体参与者资料进行meta分析的原理，还概述了如何使用这一方法指导相应的研究分析。
Abstract 11916: Changes in Symptoms Predicted Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Seongkum Heo, Debra K Moser, Terry A Lennie, Mary Fischer, Eugene Smith, Mary N Walsh
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) have notably poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), which is associated with high hospitalization rates. Physical symptoms have been associated with poor HRQOL. However, whether improvement in physical symptoms actually leads to improvement in HRQOL has not fully examined in patients with HF. Purpose: To examine the effects of changes in physical symptoms on changes in HRQOL at 12 months, after controlling for age, comorbidities, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, and modifiable psychosocial and behavioral factors. Methods: Data on physical symptoms (Symptom Status Questionnaire-HF) and HRQOL (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure) were collected from 94 patients with HF (mean age 58 ± 14 years, 44% male, 58% NYHA functional class II/III) at baseline and 12 month follow-up. Age, comorbidities, and NYHA functional class were collected using standard questionnaires at baseline. Psychosocial variables (depressive symptoms [Patient Health Questionnaire], perceived control [Control Attitudes Scale-Revised], and social support [Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support]) and behavioral variables (medication adherence [Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems], sodium intake [24-hour urine], and self-care management [Self-care management subscale of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index]) were collected at baseline. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score changes in physical symptoms and HRQOL were -3.8 (± 14.1) and -9.2 (± 24.1), respectively (negative scores indicate improvement.). Among the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, psychosocial variables, behavioral variables, baseline physical symptoms, and changes in physical symptoms, only changes in physical symptoms predicted changes in HRQOL at 12 months (F = 6.384, R2 = .46, p &lt; .001). Improvement in physical symptoms led to improvement in HRQOL. Conclusion: It is critical to improve physical symptoms to improve HRQOL. Thus, development and delivery of effective interventions targeting improvement in physical symptoms are warranted in this population.
Women's attitudes to false positive mammography results
Authors: C. J. Godby, A. Peticolas, J. M Carter, S. Ghebrehewet, S. Woloshin, L. Schwartz, H G. Welch, H. C Sox
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Risks of syringe exchange programmes in prisons prevailEditor-Since 1998, 203 366 prisoners in Bavaria have been tested for HIV when placed under detention; 1379 prisoners were diagnosed for the first time as being infected with HIV.During the course of their detention around 35 000 inmates have been tested, predominantly drug addicts; only one serum conversion has been found.
Effect of neuroleptic drugs on platelet monoamine oxidase in psychiatric patients
Authors: Meltzer Hy, Duncavage Mb, Jackman H, Arora Rc, Tricou Bj, Young M
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors determined the platelet MAO activity of 57 psychotic patients after a placebo period and after 3-65 days of neuroleptic treatment. Platelet MAO activity significantly decreased in both men and women after neuroleptic treatment. The platelet MAO activity of neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic women was significantly less than that of drug-free schizophrenic women, who did not differ from normal women. There were trends in the same direction for the schizophrenic men. Previous studies that reported lower platelet MAO activity in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients than in normal controls may have been influenced by this neuroleptic effect.
Nova et Vetera
Authors: E A UNDERWOOD
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Audiometricians who have been trained to work with young children are able to make a sweep check of auditory acuity, as an individual test, at a rate of three minutes per child.It has been shown that extraneous noise in a room in which a screening test of hearing is to be made should not exceed about 30 decibels.The sweep-frequency test can be made in a small room.When it is necessary to make screening tests of children's hearing in school build- ings it is much less.difficult to find small rooms that are quiet, in schools, than large rooms.The sweep-frequency test can be made immediately or soon after children are first admitted to school, whereas the gramophone audiometer test, as normally administered, is a group test, in which children are required to write down numbers that they hear.It cannot therefore be used with children younger than 8 years.The sweep-frequency test is very valuable in screening out children who are likely to need hearing-aids and special educational treatment, before they have been exposed to the risk of educational subnormality as a result of defective hearing.A comparative study of the relative reliability of the sweep-frequency and gramophone audiometer tests, when both were administered to 6-year-old children individually, showed the sweep-frequency test to be superior.The called numbers that are used in the gramophone audiometer test involve a constrained context and are therefore often recog- nizable by children suffering from loss of hearing to a signi- ficant degree.
Let's ask them to curb choice
Authors: Richard Ma
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive after our selection. DeciDing on caesarean section Vaginal birth after a caesarean is not always beneficialThe study by Montgomery et al and the accompanying editorial are based on the premise that vaginal delivery after one caesarean section is necessarily a beneficial and desirable objective or outcome. 1 2 However, the box shows the risks and benefits as published in the recent RCOG (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists) guidelines. 3 Given that most women in developed countries are unlikely to have more than two to three babies, the value of promoting vaginal delivery after one caesarean section is highly questionable.Women with a breech presentation are no longer offered a choice between vaginal delivery and caesarean section on the basis of the results of the term breech trial. 4 Must we wait for such a trial to recognise that vaginal delivery after one caesarean section costs lives and caesarean section saves lives?Women should have a choice, but this should not come before safety.To promote a process that is known to be associated with greater mortality and morbidity, or consider such a process as beneficial or desirable seems inappropriate irrespective of the reduction in women's anxiety.
Author’s reply to Gilchrist and Artes
Authors: Shyamanga R Borooah
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As Gilchrist noted in his response, our article was intended as guidance for GPs in the management of gradual loss of vision in adults, with a particular emphasis on cataracts and subsequent management and referral.1 2

In our experience, most cases of gradual loss of vision in the UK are reviewed by optometrists, although referral rates vary across regions and with respect to different ocular conditions. For instance, the proportion of referrals for glaucoma seems to be similar in different areas of the country, with about 90% of referrals coming from optometrists.3 4 In …
非常严格控制2型糖尿病血糖是否安全——目标是糖化血红蛋白小于6．5％，但不使用高强度治疗方案
Authors: 张饰, 李玉秀
Journal: BMJ (2008)

2008年2月8日，在高危心血管事件发生风险的2型糖尿病患者进行的一项大型随机对照研究（ACCORD），因为安全性问题被提前18个月终止了。高强度降低血糖以期达到较现有指南推荐的目标值更低的治疗目标（糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）〈6．0％），与降糖力度稍低的标准治疗方案（HbAlc7．0％-7．9％）相比，增加了死亡的风险。这在控制率是10／1000／受试者年的基础上，增加额外死亡3／1000／受试者年。
Abstract 15043: Indapamide Optimizes Ventriculo-Arterial Coupling in Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes: a Comparative Study Against Hydrochlorothizide
Authors: Andrea O Ciobanu, Raluca Dulgheru, Stefania L Magda, Ruxandra Dragoi, Maria Florescu, Dragos Vinereanu
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives. To assess the effects of two types of diuretics (indapamide and HCTZ) added to an ACE-inhibitor on ventriculo-arterial coupling (endothelial and arterial function, left ventricular - LV...
Long-term outcome of antidepressant treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: B T Walsh, C M Hadigan, M J Devlin, M Gladis, S P Roose
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

The purpose of this study was 1) to replicate previous work indicating that antidepressant medication is superior to placebo in the treatment of bulimia nervosa and 2) to assess the long-term efficacy of this form of treatment.Eighty patients entered a three-phase treatment protocol. An 8-week double-blind initiation phase was used to compare the effects of desipramine and placebo. Patients who responded satisfactorily to desipramine entered a 16-week maintenance phase. Patients who remained well were then randomly assigned to either desipramine or placebo for 6 additional months (discontinuation phase). The primary outcome measure was binge frequency, which was assessed weekly by self-report diaries.In the initiation phase the superiority of desipramine over placebo in reducing binge frequency was demonstrated. Patients treated with desipramine had a mean reduction in binge frequency of 47% at termination, whereas patients taking placebo experienced a mean increase of 7%. Less than half of the patients treated with desipramine met the criteria for entering the maintenance phase, and 29% of the patients entering that phase relapsed in the following 4 months. There were not enough patients in the discontinuation phase to permit clear conclusions about the need for continued antidepressant medication after 6 months of treatment.The study documents a beneficial effect of desipramine in the treatment of bulimia nervosa when compared to placebo. However, limited improvement and considerable relapse with continued treatment suggest serious limitations to the long-term efficacy of a single antidepressant trial in treating bulimia nervosa.
Abstract 16475: Sildenafil Modulates Myocardial Changes in Micro-RNA Profile Following Ischemia and Protects Mouse Hearts Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chang Yin, Fadi N Salloum, Rakesh C Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have shown that sildenafil causes changes in gene expression similar to these seen in ischemic preconditioning, therefore protects the heart against ischemia/reperfus...
Abstract 12762: Impact of the Relation of Lead Position to Scar by Speckle Tracking Radial Strain on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Resynchronization Therapy: Results from the STARTER Randomized Trial
Authors: Leyla Elif Sade, John Gorcsan, Josef Marek, Tetsuari Onishi, Stephanie C Haberman, Toshinari Onishi, Prem Soman, Samir Saba
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The importance of the relationship of left ventricular (LV) lead placement to myocardial scar for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear. Objective: To determine the im...
Abstract 14831: Considering Abcb1 Genotype In Addition To Cyp2c19 Loss-of-function Allele Allows Better Prediction Of 1-year Clinical Outcomes Than Each One In Clopidogrel On-treatment Patients Who Underwent Pci With Drug-eluting Stent
Authors: Mahn Won Park, Yoon Seok Koh, Hun Jun Park, Kiyuk Chang, Sung Ho Her, Pum Joon Kim, Chul-Su Park, Jung Sun Cho Jung Sun Cho, Wook Sung Jung, Ki Bae Seung Ki Bae Seung, Min Seok Choi Min Seok Choi, Jae Bum Lee Jae Bum Lee
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction Combined effect of ABCB1 3435 TT genotype and CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele on 1-year clinical outcomes in real-world PCI cohort have not been studied. Methods We retrospectively enr...
Phantastica
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

views & Reviews T his year, like previous years, has seen a spate of coverage in the British media of maulings by dogs.The most recent available data from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (www.rospa.co.uk) show that 70 000 people attended UK emergency departments in 2002 for injuries caused by dog bites.Many of these are attacks on children by the family pet and take place in the home (European Journal of Pediatrics 2003;162:254-8).Dog bites have become a public health concern and a child protection issue.As with many public health issues, however, individuals are reluctant to take responsibility and modify their behaviour.The medical profession is left to mop up the mess.Children are particularly vulnerable; one American study found that children under 5 were the age group most likely to have severe head and neck injuries (American Surgeon 1999;65:863-4).Undoubtedly, few people bitten by dogs die or are left with a profound disability.However, the number of people admitted to UK hospitals after being bitten by a dog is rising, despite a fall in dog ownership.Data collected by the Information Centre for Health and Social Care (www.hesonline.nhs.uk) show that 4133 patients were admitted to hospital in England in 2006 as a result of injuries from dog bites, almost double the number in 1996, and that 22% of these people were children under 9. Apart from the psychological and physical consequences (including infections) of dog bites, they result in unnecessary expense.It is clear that the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act does not work.For a start, it does not cover the majority of bites that occur in the family home, and only 764 people were prosecuted under the act in 2005.Also, all dogs bite, not just the four breeds prohibited under the act (the pit bull terrier, Japanese tosa, Argentine dogo, and fila Brasileiro, including cross-breeds).Indeed, one study showed that the most common dog bites
Lymphangiography
Authors: J. B. Kinmonth, G. W. Taylor, R. K. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Arteriography and phlebography have been used in clinical medicine since their development some twenty years ago.The early work with these techniques was done by dos Santos et al. in 1931, Moniz et al. (1932), and dos Santos (1938).A comparable method of studying the lymphatic circulation would be of obvious value, but its development has been delayed by technical difficulties.Lymph vessels, or at least normal ones, are much smaller than the arteries or veins used in angiography.They contain colourless lymph, which makes
Abstract 4178: Cardiovascular Event-Free Survival in Post-Menopausal Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Results from the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation
Authors: Leslee J Shaw, Ricardo Azziz, Frank Z Stanczyk, George Sopko, Glenn D Braunstein, Rhonda M Dehoff, Eileen M Handberg, Sarah Berga, B. Delia Johnson, Vera Bittner, William Rogers, Carl J Pepine, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a greater frequency and clustering of cardiac risk factors. Despite this, the link between PCOS and cardiovascular disease has not been established. Objective: This study’s aim was to evaluate cardiovascular (CV) prognosis in women with biochemical and clinical evidence of PCOS in 390 post-menopausal women (not taking exogenous hormone therapy) prospectively enrolled in the NIH-NHLBI sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). Methods: PCOS (n=104) was defined by a premenopausal history of irregular menses accompanied by biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenemia. Hyperandrogenemia was defined as the top quartile of either androstenedione ≥701 pg/ml], testosterone (T; ≥30.9 ng/dl), free T (≥4.5 pg/ml), or androgen index (free T /sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG] ≥9.9], or lowest quartile of SHBG (≥30.8 nmol/l). Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate CV death (CVD) or myocardial infarction (MI) (n=52). Results: Women with evidence of hyperandrogenemia were more often diabetic (p&lt;0.0001), obese (p=0.005), had the metabolic syndrome (p&lt;0.0001), and experienced menopause at a younger age (p=0.026). Women meeting criteria for PCOS had a 2.6-fold (95% CI=1.5– 4.5) higher risk of CVD or MI (p&lt;0.0001) (see Figure ). This relationship was maintained in a risk-adjusted model controlling for diabetes, hypertension, and angiographic coronary disease severity (p=0.001). Conclusion: Among post-menopausal women undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia, PCOS is associated with worsening cardiovascular event-free survival.
Overexpression Of Deleted In Lymphocytic Leukemia 1 (DLEU1) Significantly Induces Programmed Cell Death and Inhibits Cell Proliferation In Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma (PMBL): DLEU1 May Be a Tumor Suppressor Gene In a Subset Of Patients With PMBL
Authors: Changhong Yin, Tae-Hoon Chung, Janet Ayello, Tae-Hyun Park, Carmella van de Ven, Mitchell S. Cairo, Sanghoon Lee
Journal: Blood (2013)
Impact of p53 mutation and hypoxia on gene expression in glioblastoma
Authors: Beata Pyrzynska, Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Erwin G. Van Meir
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

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Glial brain tumors are characterized by both: the occurrence of p53 mutations at early stages of tumor progression with clonal expansion of cells expressing mutant p53 and the presence of hypoxic regions in the outward growing edge of the tumor. Loss of p53 function may allow the tumor cells to survive under the reduced oxygenation and sub-optimal vascular supply that would normally induce apoptosis. Moreover based on the literature the p53 mutants could potentially confer a gain-of-function phenotype on the tumor cells. These are defined as phenotypes not caused by wild-type p53 that are revealed when mutant p53 is expressed in p53-null cells. c-myc, bfgf, igfr1 and il-6 genes have been reported to be upregulated by mutant p53, while repressed by wild-type p53. These gain-of-function gene regulation events may result from the ability of mutant p53 to associate with different regulatory elements than wild-type p53. Mutant p53 may also retain some of the wild-type p53 functions as it can interact with transcription factors via either the N-terminal transactivation domain or the C-terminal domain. To study the influence of reduced oxygen levels and p53 status on tumorigenicity of glioblastoma we have monitored the changes in gene expression profiles using Affymetrix microarrays in a p53-null glioblastoma cell line (LN-Z308) containing tet-inducible expression of wild-type or mutant p53. Two types of p53 mutants were chosen: R175H and 273H, which are found in brain tumors with the highest frequency and do not possess DNA-binding activity to consensus p53 binding sites. We have compared the list of genes regulated by wild-type p53 and mutant p53 under normoxia versus hypoxia. Our analysis surprisingly revealed that hypoxia has a much stronger impact on the expression of genes regulated by mutant p53 than by wild-type p53. This result implies that to fully understand the functional consequences of p53 loss in gliomagenesis it is important to weigh both the loss of wild-type p53 targets and the biological consequences of mutant p53-mediated effects under hypoxia.
Postpartum Depression
Authors: Katherine L. Wisner, Barbara L. Parry, Catherine M. Piontek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

A woman visits the doctor for her six-week postpartum evaluation. She reports that she cannot sleep even if her baby sleeps. She cries daily and worries constantly. She does not feel hungry and is not eating regularly. Making decisions is overwhelming. How should she be evaluated and treated?
Abstract 12447: MicroRNA 26b Encoded by the Intron of Small CTD Phosphatases (SCPs) 1 Has an Antagonistic Effect on its Host Gene and Suppresses Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Naoya Sowa, Koh Ono, Takahiro Horie, Koji Hasegawa, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 45: Gender Disparity in Resuscitation Efforts and Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sang Do Shin, Ki Ok Ahn, Seung Sik Hwang
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between gender and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) efforts and outcomes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA). Methods We used a nationwide OHCA cohort database of emergency medical service (EMS) run sheets from 2008 and followed it with a retrospective medical record review. We extracted cases involving patients over the age of 20 years with presumed cardiac etiology. Potential predictors were collected using the Utstein style. The primary outcome was the use of resuscitation efforts, such as basic life support (BLS), by a bystander or an EMS provider, application of an automatic external defibrillator (AED) by an EMS provider, and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) by emergency department (ED) physicians. Secondary outcomes related to the effect of the resuscitation on factors such as survival upon admission and discharge. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied by gender to calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), with adjustment for potential predictors. Results The total number of eligible patients was 13,922. Of these, 5,158 patients (37.0%) were female. Females were significantly older (73.4 vs. 63.7) and had a lower probability of having a shockable rhythm (3.4% vs. 5.4%). Compared to males, females were less likely to receive BLS support (70.8% vs. 77.5%), AED (9.6% vs. 14.3%), and ACLS at the ED (42.2% vs. 49.2%). Survival to admission and to discharge for female patients, compared with male patients, were 11.8% vs. 12.3% ( p =0.43) and 3.1% vs. 1.8% ( p &lt;0.001), respectively. Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for BLS, AED, and ACLS use in female patients, compared with male patients were 0.91 (0.84-0.99), 0.77 (0.68-0.86), and 0.98 (0.91-1.06), respectively. Adjusted ORs for survival to admission and to discharge were 1.32 (1.17-1.48) and 0.82 (0.63-1.05), respectively. Conclusions Considering resuscitation efforts and hospital outcomes by gender, females were less likely to have received BLS or AED than were males. Gender influenced survival at admission to the hospital, but was not associated with survival at discharge.
Amoxapine versus amitriptyline combined with perphenazine in the treatment of psychotic depression
Authors: R F Anton, E A Burch
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1990)

In a double-blind study lasting for 4 weeks, the authors compared the effectiveness of amoxapine, an antidepressant with potential antipsychotic properties, with a combination of amitriptyline plus perphenazine in the treatment of 38 patients who had the diagnosis of major depression with psychotic features (psychotic or delusional depression). Patients in each group showed similar improvement in depression and psychosis. There was a tendency for the patients treated with amitriptyline plus perphenazine to have higher global response rates. However, the patients given amoxapine had significantly fewer extrapyramidal side effects.
Abstract 1718: The Increase in Intramyocellular Lipid in Leg Skeletal Muscle is Associated With Lowered Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Kagami Hirabayashi, Shintaro Kinugawa, Takashi Yokota, Tadashi Suga, Noriteru Morita, Taisuke Ono, Mochamad A Sobirin, Masashige Takahashi, Koichi Okita, Hiroyuki Tsutsui
Journal: Circulation (2009)