tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TIGIT-expression on natural killer cell subsets is an early indicator of alleviating liver inflammation following bulevirtide treatment in chronic hepatitis D
Authors: Po-Chun Chen, Katja Deterding, Sophie Anna Engelskircher, Kerstin Port, Lisa Sandmann, Athira Chakkadath, Tijana Ristic, Qingyu Wu, Birgit Bremer, Anke R.M. Kraft, Markus Cornberg, Albert Heim, Helenie Kefalakes, Niklas K Björkström, Norman Woller, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Background &amp; aims: Bulevirtide (BLV) is a novel and the only approved treatment option for patients with chronic hepatitis D (CHD). BLV alleviates liver inflammation already early during treatment when only minor HDV RNA changes are observed. We hypothesized that BLV-treatment may influence immune cells in CHD patients and performed a high-resolution analysis of natural killer (NK) cells before and during BLV-therapy. Methods: BLV-treated CHD patients (n=20) from a single-center cohort were longitudinally analyzed for clinical, molecular, and virological parameters. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were studied at baseline (BL), therapy weeks 3 (TW3) and 48 (TW48) by spectral flow cytometry. Healthy donors (HD), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients after direct-acting antivirals (DAA)-treatment and patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were used as controls. Results: Overall NK cell frequencies remained stable during BLV-treatment. However, biochemical responders (BR) showed distinct NK cell immunophenotypic features before and during therapy. TIGIT-expression increased on CD56 dim and CD56 bright NK cells during the course of BLV-treatment and inversely correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in CHD but not CHC or CHB patients. High frequencies of TIGIT - CD57 + CD56 dim NK cells at BL and low levels during therapy were indicative of a biochemical response. Conclusions: We here suggest that lacking the expression of the immune checkpoint inhibitor TIGIT on NK cell subtypes may be a hallmark of liver inflammation in HDV infection. BLV-therapy is associated with a reappearance of TIGIT on these cells, which may be one mechanism of why liver enzymes rapidly improve during therapy.
Quantitative Evaluation of 99mTc-Galactosyl Human Serum Albumin SPECT/CT for the Prediction of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure
Authors: Yukinori Okajima, Shin Yanagisawa, Akira Yamada, Tsuyoshi Notake, Akira Shimizu, Yuji Soejima, Yasunari Fujinaga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose To evaluate the predictive ability of 99m Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin SPECT/CT quantitative parameters for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). Methods Sixty-eight patients who underwent 99m Tc-galactosyl human serum albumin scintigraphy as a preoperative examination for hepatectomy between July 2021 and December 2023 were prospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into PHLF and non-PHLF groups. The clearance index (HH15) and receptor index (LHL15) were calculated from planar images. Quantitative parameters for the total liver (SUV max , SUV mean , peak SUV [SUV peak ], functional liver volume [FLV], SUV mean × FLV), remnant liver (r-SUV max , r-SUV mean , r-SUV peak , r-FLV, and r-SUV mean × r-FLV), and r-FLV/FLV were calculated from SPECT/CT images. The areas under the curve (AUCs) of parameters from planar images and SPECT/CT parameters of the total and remnant livers were calculated to evaluate the predictive ability of PHLF. Results PHLF occurred in 9 patients. AUC of r-FLV was significantly higher than that of HH15 (0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–0.99 vs 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46–0.84; P = 0.026) and LHL15 (0.93; 95% CI, 0.84–0.99 vs 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55–0.86; P = 0.043). AUC of r-SUV mean × r-FLV was significantly higher than that of HH15 (0.90; 95% CI, 0.80–0.97 vs 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46–0.84; P = 0.037). There were no significant differences between the AUC of other SPECT/CT, r-FLV/FLV, and planar image parameters. Conclusions r-FLV can predict PHLF more accurately than HH15 or LHL15.
Skull Base Metastasis of Uterine Carcinosarcoma Mimicking Primary Carcinoma of the Middle Ear
Authors: Yuxiang Wang, Yan Cui, Bulin Du, Xuena Li, Yaming Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare type of endometrial carcinoma with poor prognosis. A bone metastasis to the skull base is extremely scarce in uterine carcinosarcoma. A 54-year-old woman with uterine carcinosarcoma complained of right ear otorrhea and otalgia. 18 F-FDG PET/CT presented an increased FDG uptake at the right middle ear involving the mastoid process and external acoustic meatus. Primary carcinoma of the middle ear was considered according to clinical symptoms and PET manifestation. However, the skull base metastasis from uterine carcinosarcoma was pathologically confirmed. The rare metastasis from uterine carcinosarcoma should be differentiated from primary carcinoma of the middle ear.
Clinical Translation of a Dual-Integrin αvβ3- and CD13-Targeting PET Tracer
Authors: Xiao Zhang, Biao Yang, Chunxia Qin, Xiangming Song, Xiaoying Lv, Dexing Zeng, Yongkang Gai, Xiaoli Lan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose Angiogenesis is essential in the development and progression of tumors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical application of 68 Ga-labeled heterodimeric peptide ( 68 Ga-HX01) targeting integrin αvβ3 and CD13 in tumor neovascularization. Patients and Methods Six healthy volunteers were recruited to study the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and radiation of 68 Ga-HX01. Twelve patients with various malignancies were enrolled to seek the preliminary clinical value of 68 Ga-HX01. In healthy volunteers, SUVs of each major organ on 68 Ga-HX01 PET were measured. The clinical data, lesion numbers, and uptake were recorded in patients. The integrin αvβ3 and CD13 expression of the resected tumors was checked via immunohistochemistry staining. Results With a mean injected dose of 167.98 ± 26.32 MBq, 68 Ga-HX01 was well tolerated and safe without side effects in 6 healthy volunteers. The radiation absorbed effective dose of 68 Ga-HX01 was 1.94 × 10 −2 mSv/MBq, and the urinary bladder wall held the highest absorbed effective dose (0.15 ± 5.87 × 10 −2 mSv/MBq). In 12 patients with various malignancies, 68 Ga-HX01 PET could clearly visualize the lesions from the surrounding tissues. The SUV max values in tumors were significantly higher than those in the surrounding tissues ( P &lt; 0.05). A positive correlation trend between tumor SUV max and semiquantitative integrin αvβ3 and CD13 expression was determined ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions For clinical use, 68 Ga-HX01 is safe with low radiation absorbed effective dose. It also indicates the efficiency of dual integrin αvβ3 and CD13-targeting PET radiotracer in tumor diagnosis, which may assist in patient prognosis and selecting eligible patients for antiangiogenic therapy.
Bridging the gap: The endocannabinoid system as a functional fulcrum for benzodiazepines in a novel frontier of anxiety pharmacotherapy
Authors: Sina Pakkhesal, Mohammad Shakouri, Reza Mosaddeghi-Heris, Sepideh Kiani Nasab, Negin Salehi, AmirMohammad Sharafi, Ali Ahmadalipour
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2025)
Primary Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma on 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Rongxi Wang, Jingci Chen, Jiarou Wang, Zhaohui Zhu, Jingjing Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Primary pulmonary mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is extremely rare. We present the 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT findings in a 56-year-old woman with pathologically confirmed primary pulmonary mucosa–associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT showed a higher uptake value than 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the pulmonary lesion. This case suggests that 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT may be a sensitive alternative method to characterize low-grade lymphomas.
Endoscopic septum division to resolve nonstenotic gastric outlet obstruction after endoscopic submucosal dissection of the gastric antrum
Authors: Chaoqin Wang, Suhuan Liao, Silin Huang, Ting Li, Yu Zhang, Jingzai Wang, RenJie Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

A 68-year-old female patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for a large early-stage gastric cancer in the antrum, with the postoperative mucosal defect having covered approximately four-fifths of the circumference ([Fig. 1]). Approximately 1 month later, she experienced gastric outlet obstruction, presenting with upper abdominal pain and postprandial vomiting. Gastroscopy revealed significant food retention, deformation of the gastric antrum, and scar formation ([Fig. 2] a–c). It was barely possible to pass the endoscope through the deformed area ([Fig. 2] d).
Anti-neuroinflammatory agent rhein lysinate-based self-assembled injectable hydrogel loaded with ZL006 for promoting post-stroke functional recovery
Authors: Jiamei Song, Jiaqi Zeng, Xi Chen, Jiayu Wang, Ying Zhang, Yuhao Gao, Ruiqi Wang, Nan Jiang, Yuhui Lin, Rui Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Incidental Detection of Choroid Plexus Metastasis From Neuroblastoma Demonstrated by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Siqi Li, Yanfeng Xu, Xia Lu, Wei Wang, Jigang Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract An 8-year-old girl with refractory high-risk neuroblastoma underwent 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT to evaluate the feasibility of potential 177 Lu-DOTATATE therapy. The scan showed multiple foci of abnormal 68 Ga-DOTATATE accumulation in the bone region, indicating the presence of bone metastases. Unexpectedly, an abnormal tracer uptake was noted in the left lateral ventricle area. The contrast-enhanced brain MRI showed obvious enhancement of this lesion, suggesting the diagnosis of choroid plexus metastasis. Our case shows that 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT might be useful in diagnosing choroid plexus metastasis.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT Depicted Non–FDG-Avid Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Puhao Li, Juan Liang, Yue Chen, Haoyuan Ding
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive malignancy of mesothelial cells in the peritoneum. Herein, we describe the 68 Ga-FAPI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of MPM in a 41-year-old man. In the present case, the primary and metastatic tumors showed intense 68 Ga-FAPI accumulation but no significantly increased 18 F-FDG uptake. This case demonstrates that 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT might be used as a helpful tool for evaluating MPM staging.
Intratumoral Heterogeneity of Primary Breast Cancer on 18F-FES PET/CT and dbPET Anticipated a Heterogeneous Response to Chemotherapy
Authors: Yurika Kitano, Kanae K. Miyake, Yoichi Shimizu, Masahiro Kawashima, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract A 59-year-old woman with cT3N3M1 invasive breast cancer (ER low positive, PgR positive, HER2 negative) underwent PET/CT and dedicated breast PET scans using 18 F-FDG and 18 F-fluoroestradiol ( 18 F-FES). While most primary tumor regions displayed low FES uptake, regions of high FES uptake were also identified. Following chemotherapy with the paclitaxel and bevacizumab, 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a favorable response, but residual disease was noted in areas with high FES uptake on the pretreatment images. This case illustrated that 18 F-FES PET can depict intratumoral heterogeneity within the primary tumor, which was strongly associated with a heterogeneous response to subsequent chemotherapy.
Significantly Elevated FDG Activity in Esophageal Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Xin Cheng, Liyan Xue, Lin Lin, Jing Li, Xuejuan Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract A 13-year-old girl presented with dysphagia underwent contrast-enhanced CT and endoscopy. The CT revealed cervical esophageal wall thickening with heterogeneous enhancement. Microscopic examination of the biopsy specimen suggested a possible mesenchymal tumor. She underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan for staging. The scan showed local thickening of the cervical esophageal wall with heterogeneous and significantly elevated FDG activity. Subsequent immunohistochemical staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the diagnosis of esophageal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Subcutaneous Infection With Snow Leopard Sign on 18F-FDG PET/CT Mimicking Subcutaneous Panniculitis-Like T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Xinyue Zheng, Tingting Zhang, Xiaofang Yan, Xinhui Su, Peipei Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 37-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of fever of unknown origin and erythema rashes on the trunk and limbs. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed increased 18F-FDG uptake in subcutaneous panniculitis, forming a snow leopard sign, along with enlarged lymph nodes, which suggested subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma. However, skin biopsy indicated subcutaneous infection, and bone marrow biopsy revealed no abnormal lymphocytes. After anti-infection treatment, symptoms improved, leading to a final diagnosis of systemic infection. This case demonstrates how extensive subcutaneous infections on PET/CT could be misinterpreted as subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma.
Slip-knot thread method for performing anchor-wire technique to prevent proximal dislocation of preceding stent in placement of multiple biliary inside plastic stents
Authors: Yuichi Hirata, Mariko Hatada, Kana Miyara, Yuichiro Aoyama, Ryosuke Mizukami, Daisuke Orita, Yoshihiro Okabe
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Endoscopic biliary drainage using "inside plastic stents" (iPSs) is favored for patients with unresectable malignant hilar obstruction, because it offers prolonged stent patency and easy reintervention [1]. However, one of the problems encountered in the endoscopic placement of multiple iPSs is proximal dislocation of the preceding iPS during the subsequent iPS insertions. Although several methods for preventing preceding iPS migration have been reported [2] [3], some devices are not immediately available. Herein, we report a case in which a slip-knot was created using the threads of the preceding iPS ([Fig. 1]), to to perform the anchor-wire technique [4] for preventing its proximal dislocation during the endoscopic placement of the subsequent iPS.
18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Primary Rectal Angiosarcomas and Multiple Bone Metastases
Authors: Xiaohua Ma, Shanshan Xia, Zichan Long, Xulong Zhao, Zhanli Fu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract A 54-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of pain and numbness in the right lower limb. Lumbar spine MRI revealed bone metastases. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a soft tissue mass with increased 18 F-FDG uptake in the rectum, accompanied by multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the bilateral ribs, spine, pelvis, and upper right femur. A colonoscopy biopsy of the submucosal rectal mass confirmed the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma.
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Impact on Chronic Ocular Disease Including Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Kevin C. Allan, Julia H. Joo, Sonia Kim, Jacqueline Shaia, David C. Kaelber, Rishi Singh, Katherine E. Talcott, Aleksandra V. Rachitskaya
Journal: Ophthalmology (2025)
Utility of Novel Radiohybrid PSMA Ligands in PET Imaging of Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer—A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kunal Ramesh Chandekar, Swayamjeet Satapathy, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose Radiohybrid prostate-specific membrane antigen (rhPSMA) ligands are a novel class of radiopharmaceuticals developed for potential theranostic application in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to consolidate existing evidence on utility of 18 F-rhPSMA-7/7.3 for PET imaging in PCa in the setting of biochemical recurrence (BCR). Patients and Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using relevant keywords in PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. Articles evaluating utility of 18 F-rhPSMA-7/7.3 PET in PCa BCR, published through September 30, 2024, were included. rhPSMA PET detection rate (DR) in BCR was calculated on a per-patient basis, with pooled proportion and 95% confidence interval. Furthermore, pooled DRs using different cutoff values of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were obtained. Results Five studies with 1513 patients (overall) were included. The pooled DR of 18 F-rhPSMA-7/7.3 PET in BCR was 81.7% (95% confidence interval: 76.3%–86.5%). The pooled DRs stratified by serum PSA levels were 60.7% for PSA &lt;0.5 ng/mL, 80.1% for PSA between 0.5 and &lt;1.0 ng/mL, 85.9% for PSA between 1.0 and &lt;2.0 ng/mL, and 95.1% for PSA ≥2.0 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest that novel radiotracers 18 F-rhPSMA-7/7.3 have excellent diagnostic utility as PET imaging agents in BCR of PCa. Further prospective multicenter studies are required to validate these novel tracers in diverse clinical settings with larger patient cohorts and assess their diagnostic accuracy in comparison to the PSMA ligands in current clinical practice.
99mTc-FAPI-46 Scan and 177Lu-FAPI-2286 Treatment in a Patient With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Somaye Barashki, Bentolhoda Hadad, Nasrin Raeisi, Kamran Aryana
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract We present a 24-year-old man with a history of metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer. Despite receiving standard treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, he has shown progression. Consequently, he has been referred to the nuclear medicine department for theranostic purposes. The 99m Tc-FAPI-46 whole-body scan showed tracer uptake in mediastinal large mass, both external lymph nodes and osseous metastases. Treatment with 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 initiated, with subsequent planar scans revealing sustained uptake up to day 10, particularly in the large mediastinal mass. This case indicates promising FAPI-targeted theranostic potential in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and proper retention of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in metastatic lesions.
False-Positive FAPI Expression in Benign Breast Adenosis
Authors: Vinisha Gunasekaran, Avanthiga Subrhamanian, Nivetha Ambalavanan, Harmandeep Singh, Rajender Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Jaya Shukla, Rama Walia, Suvradeep Mitra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Breast adenosis is a benign glandular proliferative disorder. Due to its imaging similarities with other malignant breast lesions, differentiating adenosis from other invasive carcinomas of the breast poses a diagnostic challenge. Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) expression is observed in various benign and malignant lesions, increasing the risk of false-positive results. We present a case of FAPI-avid benign breast adenosis in a patient with adrenal adenocarcinoma in 68 Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT.
Novel hemostatic gel and powder as rescue agents for arterial bleeding related to lumen-apposing metal stent placement
Authors: Butros Fakhoury, Mohanad Awadalla, Michael Talanian, Tanya Zeina, Erika Tsuchiyose, Nikola Natov, Erik Holzwanger
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Intraprocedural bleeding following endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided placement of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs) is not an infrequent complication. Significant arterial bleeding may require interventions such as coil embolization or surgical intervention [1]. Identifying and accessing the bleeding site can be particularly challenging when it is obscured by the stent. Recent advances in topical hemostatic agents, such as gels and powders, offer the benefits of broad targeted therapy [2]. We report a unique case detailing the successful management of active arterial bleeding from the gastroepiploic artery after balloon dilation of a LAMS using topical hemostatic gel and powder ([Video 1]).
18F-FDG PET/CT Versus 18F-FAPI PET/CT in Eosinophilic Liver Infiltration
Authors: Shuyi Li, Jiucen Liang, Hui Zeng, Haipeng Chen, Rusen Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract A 48-year-old man presented with upper abdominal discomfort for 10 days. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT showed multiple abnormal enhanced masses in liver, suggesting a probability of malignancies. The patient was then enrolled in a clinical trial of comparison of 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FAPI PET/CT in hepatic lesions. Compared with 18 F-FDG PET/CT, 18 F-FAPI PET/CT showed higher tracer uptake, more lesions in liver. Meanwhile, peripheral blood eosinophils increased remarkably. The hepatic lesions were highly suspected as eosinophilic liver infiltration. Finally, pathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic liver infiltration.
Spatially restricted and ontogenically distinct hepatic macrophages are required for tissue repair
Authors: Federico F De Ponti, Anna Bujko, Zhuangzhuang Liu, Paul J Collins, Sara Schuermans, Christian Maueroder, Seraja Amstelveen, Tinne Thoné, Liesbet Martens, John G McKendrick, Pieter A Louwe, Ana Sànchez Cruz, Wouter Saelens, Kylie P Matchett, Kathryn J Waller, Christian Zwicker, Aimée Buglar-Lamb, Bavo Vanneste, Fleur Parmentier, Mushida Binte Abdul Latib, Anneleen Remmerie, Lenard Kertesz, Anneke Kremer, Jérémy Verbeke, David Højland Ipsen, Dominik Reinhard Pfister, Zhaoyuan Liu, Martin Guilliams, Neil C Henderson, Kodi Ravichandran, Pedro E Marques, Charlotte L Scott
Journal: Immunity (2025)

Our understanding of the functional heterogeneity of resident versus recruited macrophages in the diseased liver is limited. A population of recruited lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs) has been reported to populate the diseased liver alongside resident Kupffer cells (KCs). However, the precise roles of these distinct macrophage subsets remain elusive. Here, using proteogenomics, we have identified LAMs in multiple models of liver injury. Moreover, we found that this phenotype is not specific to recruited macrophages, as a subset of resident KCs can also adopt a LAM-like phenotype in the mouse and human liver. By combining genetic mouse models targeting the distinct populations, we determined that both recruited LAMs and resident LAM-like KCs play crucial roles in tissue repair. Specifically, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression on either resident or recruited macrophages is required for the efficient clearance of dying cells, enhancing repair and preventing exacerbated fibrosis.