tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Substantial decline of organ preservation fluid contamination following adoption of Ischemia-Free liver transplantation：a Post-hoc analysis
Authors: Jianwen Lin, Yefu Li, Tongdi Fang, Tielong Wang, Kang Liao, Qiang Zhao, Dongping Wang, Maogen Chen, Xiaofeng Zhu, Yinghua Chen, Honghui Chen, Yiwen Guo, Liqiang Zhan, Jiayi Zhang, Tao Zhang, Ping Zeng, Yaqin Peng, Lu Yang, Changjie Cai, Zhiyong Guo, Xiaoshun He
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Introduction: Preservation fluid (PF) contaminations are common in conventional liver transplantation (CLT) and presumably originate from organ or PF exposures to the external environment in a non-strict sterile manner. Such exposures and PF contamination may be avoided in ischemia-free liver transplantation (IFLT) because of the strict sterile surgical procedures. In this study, we evaluated the impact of IFLT on organ PF contamination. Methods: A post-hoc analysis using data from the first randomized controlled trial of IFLT was performed to compare the incidence, pathogenic spectrum of PF contamination, and incidence of early recipient infection between IFLT and CLT. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore risk factors for PF contamination. Results: Of the 68 cases recruited in the trial, 64 were included in this post-hoc analysis. The incidence of culture-positive PF was 9.4% (3/32) in the IFLT group versus 78.1% (25/32) in the CLT group ( P &lt;0.001). Three microorganisms were isolated from PF in the IFLT group, while 43 were isolated in the CLT group. The recipient infection rate within postoperative day 14 was 3.1% (1/32) in the IFLT group vs 15.6% (5/32) in the CLT group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( P =0.196). Multivariate analysis revealed that adopting IFLT is an independent protective factor for culture-positive PF. Conclusion: PF contamination is substantially decreased in IFLT, and IFLT application is an independent protective factor for PF contamination. Using rigorous sterile measures and effective antibiotic therapy during IFLT may decrease PF contamination.
Mapping Geological Events and Nitrogen Fixation Evolution Onto the Timetree of the Evolution of Nitrogen-Fixation Genes
Authors: Hong-Wei Pi, Yin-Ru Chiang, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Nitrogen is essential for all organisms, but biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs only in a small fraction of prokaryotes. Previous studies divided nitrogenase-gene-carrying prokaryotes into Groups I to IV and provided evidence that BNF first evolved in bacteria. This study constructed a timetree of the evolution of nitrogen-fixation genes and estimated that archaea evolved BNF much later than bacteria and that nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria evolved later than 1,900 MYA, considerably younger than the previous estimate of 2,200 MYA. Moreover, Groups III and II/I diverged ∼2,280 MYA, after the Kenorland supercontinent breakup (∼2,500–2,100 MYA) and the Great Oxidation Event (∼2,400–2,100 MYA); Groups III and Vnf/Anf diverged ∼2,086 MYA, after the Yarrabubba impact (∼2,229 MYA); and Groups II and I diverged ∼1,920 MYA, after the Vredefort impact (∼2,023 MYA). In summary, this study provided a timescale of BNF events and discussed the possible effects of geological events on BNF evolution.
Adjunctive Steroids as Stroke Reperfusion Strategy
Authors: James E. Siegler, Shyam Prabhakaran
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
3D‐Printed Shape Memory Poly(alkylene terephthalate) Scaffolds as Cardiovascular Stents Revealing Enhanced Endothelialization
Authors: Lenny Van Daele, Victor Chausse, Laurens Parmentier, Joost Brancart, Marta Pegueroles, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Peter Dubruel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and current treatments such as stents still suffer from disadvantages. Balloon expansion causes damage to the arterial wall and limited and delayed endothelialization gives rise to restenosis and thrombosis. New more performing materials that circumvent these disadvantages are required to improve the success rate of interventions. To this end, the use of a novel polymer, poly(hexamethylene terephthalate), is investigated for this application. The synthesis to obtain polymers with high molar masses up to 126.5 kg mol −1 is optimized and a thorough chemical and thermal analysis is performed. The polymers are 3D‐printed into personalized cardiovascular stents using the state‐of‐the‐art solvent‐cast direct‐writing technique, the potential of these stents to expand using their shape memory behavior is established, and it is shown that the stents are more resistant to compression than the poly( l ‐lactide) benchmark. Furthermore, the polymer's hydrolytic stability is demonstrated in an accelerated degradation study of 6 months. Finally, the stents are subjected to an in vitro biological evaluation, revealing that the polymer is non‐hemolytic and supports significant endothelialization after only 7 days, demonstrating the enormous potential of these polymers to serve cardiovascular applications.
Digital interventions to promote psychological resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarah K. Schäfer, Lisa von Boros, Lea M. Schaubruch, Angela M. Kunzler, Saskia Lindner, Friederike Koehler, Tabea Werner, Federico Zappalà, Isabella Helmreich, Michèle Wessa, Klaus Lieb, Oliver Tüscher
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Societies are exposed to major challenges at an increasing pace. This underscores the need for preventive measures such as resilience promotion that should be available in time and without access barriers. Our systematic review summarizes evidence on digital resilience interventions, which have the potential to meet these demands. We searched five databases for randomized-controlled trials in non-clinical adult populations. Primary outcomes were mental distress, positive mental health, and resilience factors. Multilevel meta-analyses were performed to compare intervention and control groups at post-intervention and follow-up assessments. We identified 101 studies comprising 20,010 participants. Meta-analyses showed small favorable effects on mental distress, SMD = –0.24, 95% CI [–0.31, –0.18], positive mental health, SMD = 0.27, 95% CI [0.13, 0.40], and resilience factors, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI [0.21, 0.41]. Among middle-aged samples, older age was associated with more beneficial effects at follow-up, and effects were smaller for active control groups. Effects were comparable to those of face-to-face interventions and underline the potential of digital resilience interventions to prepare for future challenges.
Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy vs Chemoradiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Jinxuan Dai, Bin Zhang, Yixin Su, Yufei Pan, Zhenkai Ye, Rui Cai, Guanjie Qin, Xiangyun Kong, Yunyan Mo, Rongjun Zhang, Zhengchun Liu, Yuan Xie, Xiaolan Ruan, Wei Jiang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma but is associated with higher rates of acute toxic effects and low compliance. Evidence on de-escalating treatment intensity after induction chemotherapy is limited. Objective To assess if radiotherapy was noninferior to chemoradiotherapy after induction chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Design, Setting, and Participants From April 2015 to March 2018, a multicenter, open-label, randomized, noninferiority, phase 3 trial was conducted at 5 Chinese hospitals. A total of 383 patients aged 18 to 70 years with an untreated histologically confirmed nonkeratinizing tumor, Karnofsky performance status score not worse than 70, proper organ function, and stage III to IVB nasopharyngeal cancer were enrolled. Data were analyzed from April 2023 to June 2023. Interventions Patients were assigned randomly. Both groups received 3 cycles of induction chemotherapy consisting of intravenous administration (on day 1) of cisplatin at 60 mg/m 2 and docetaxel at 60 mg/m 2 and continuous intravenous infusion (from day 1 to day 5) of daily fluorouracil (600 mg/m 2 ), repeated every 21 days. Subsequently, the patients received radiotherapy alone (induction chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy [IC-RT] group) or concomitant cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 /week) with radiotherapy for 6 to 7 weeks (induction chemotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy [IC-CCRT] group). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was 3-year progression-free survival (time from the initiation of therapy until the first indication of disease progression or death), with a noninferiority margin of 10%. The secondary end points included overall survival, locoregional failure-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, response rate, and toxic effects. Results A total of 383 patients (median [range] age, 48 [19-70] years; 100 women [26%]). Median follow-up time was 76 months (IQR, 70-89 months). The 3-year progression-free survival was 76.2% and 76.8% in the IC-RT (n = 193) and IC-CCRT groups (n = 190), respectively, in the intention-to-treat population, showing a difference of 0.6% (95% CI, –7.9% to 9.1%; P = .01 for noninferiority). Identical outcomes were reported in the per-protocol population. The incidence of grade 3 to 4 short-term toxic effects in the IC-RT group was less than the IC-CCRT group. No differences were observed in late toxic effects. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that after induction chemotherapy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, radiotherapy alone was noninferior to chemoradiotherapy in terms of 3-year progression-free survival. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02434614
Tumor Mutational Burden in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Response to Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Peter D. Zang, Neal S. Chawla, Regina Barragan-Carrillo, Alex Chehrazi-Raffle, Abhishek Tripathi, Sumanta K. Pal, Tanya B. Dorff
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

This single-center cohort study assesses the association of tumor mutational burden status in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Management of Late Radiation Toxicity—A Honey of a Trial?
Authors: Ezra Hahn, Aron Popovtzer, Benjamin W. Corn
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Is Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab Without Chemotherapy a Reasonable Treatment for ERBB2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer?
Authors: Ryan Sun, Lee-Jen Wei
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Broken Promises
Authors: Tarek Zieneldien
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Hippocampal Structures Among Japanese Adolescents Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lin Cai, Norihide Maikusa, Yinghan Zhu, Atsushi Nishida, Shuntaro Ando, Naohiro Okada, Kiyoto Kasai, Yuko Nakamura, Shinsuke Koike
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Few studies have used a large-sample, longitudinal, population-based cohort study to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic as a global major life event is associated with structural plasticity of the adolescent hippocampus. Objective To examine whether Japan's first state of emergency (SoE) during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with alterations in the macrostructures and microstructures of the hippocampus during its development. Design, Setting, and Participants The population-neuroscience Tokyo TEEN Cohort study is a prospective cohort study with 4 consecutive waves in Tokyo, Japan. Due to the SoE, data collection was suspended between March 27, 2020, and July 30, 2020. Analyzed data, comprising 1149 brain structural scans obtained from 479 participants, of whom 336 participants had undergone 2 or more scans, were collected between October 2013 and November 2021. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to December 2023. Exposures Japan’s first SoE (April 7 to May 25, 2020). Main Outcomes and Measures Hippocampal volume, 12 hippocampal subfield volumes, and 7 microstructural measures of the hippocampus. Results A total of 1060 brain scans from 459 participants (214 female participants [47%]) including 246 participants from wave 1 (median [IQR] age, 11.3 [11.1-11.7] years), 358 from wave 2 (median [IQR] age, 13.8 [13.3-14.5] years), 304 from wave 3 (median [IQR] age, 15.9 [15.4-16.5] years), and 152 from wave 4 (median [IQR] age, 17.9 [17.5-18.4] years) were included in the final main analysis. The generalized additive mixed model showed a significant associations of the SoE with the mean hippocampal volume (β = 102.19; 95% CI, 0.61-203.77; P = .049). The generalized linear mixed models showed the main associations of the SoE with hippocampal subfield volume (granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus: β = 18.19; 95% CI, 2.97-33.41; uncorrected P = .02; CA4: β = 12.75; 95% CI, 0.38-25.12; uncorrected P = .04; hippocampus-amygdala transition area: β = 5.67; 95% CI, 1.18-10.17; uncorrected P = .01), and fractional anisotropy (β = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.00-0.06; uncorrected P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance After the first SoE, a volumetric increase in the hippocampus and trend increase in 3 subfield volumes and microstructural integration of the hippocampus were observed, suggesting that the transient plasticity of the adolescent hippocampus was affected by a major life event along with the typical developmental trajectory.
Is Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab Without Chemotherapy a Reasonable Treatment for ERBB2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer?—Reply
Authors: Jens Huober, Beat Thürlimann, Daniel Dietrich
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Reversal of cylindrical bronchial dilatations in a subset of adults with cystic fibrosis treated with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor
Authors: Paul Cazier, Guillaume Chassagnon, Théo Dhote, Jennifer Da Silva, Reem Kanaan, Isabelle Honoré, Nicolas Carlier, Marie-Pierre Revel, Emma Canniff, Clémence Martin, Pierre-Régis Burgel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background This study sought to evaluate the impact of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on lung structural abnormalities in adults with cystic fibrosis (awCF) with a specific focus on the reversal of bronchial dilatations. Methods Chest computed tomography (CT) scans performed prior to and 12 months after initiation of ETI were visually reviewed for possible reversal of bronchial dilatations. AwCF with and without reversal of bronchial dilatations (the latter served as controls, with three controls per case) were selected. Visual Brody score, bronchial and arterial diameters, and lung volume were measured on CT. Results Reversal of bronchial dilatations was found in 12/235 (5%) awCF treated with ETI. 12 awCF with and 36 without reversal of bronchial dilatations were further analysed (male 56%, mean± sd age 31.6±8.5 years, F508del/F508del CFTR 54% and mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s 58.8±22.3% predicted). The Brody score improved overall from 79.4±29.8 to 54.8±32.3 (p&lt;0.001). Reversal of bronchial dilatations was confirmed by a decrease in bronchial lumen diameter in cases from 3.9±0.9 to 3.2±1.1 mm (p&lt;0.001), whereas it increased in awCF without reversal of bronchial dilatations (from 3.5±1.1 to 3.6±1.2 mm; p=0.002). Reversal of bronchial dilatations occurred in cylindrical (not varicose or saccular) bronchial dilatations. Lung volumes decreased by −6.6±10.7% in awCF with reversal of bronchial dilatations but increased by +2.3±9.6% in controls (p=0.007). Conclusions Although bronchial dilatations are generally considered irreversible, ETI was associated with reversal, which was limited to the cylindrical bronchial dilatation subtype, and occurred in a small subset of awCF. Initiating ETI earlier in life may reverse early bronchial dilatations.
Cluster analysis to identify long COVID phenotypes using<sup>129</sup>Xe magnetic resonance imaging: a multicentre evaluation
Authors: Rachel L. Eddy, David Mummy, Shuo Zhang, Haoran Dai, Aryil Bechtel, Alexandra Schmidt, Bradie Frizzell, Firoozeh V. Gerayeli, Jonathon A. Leipsic, Janice M. Leung, Bastiaan Driehuys, Loretta G. Que, Mario Castro, Don D. Sin, Peter J. Niedbalski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Long COVID impacts ∼10% of people diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), yet the pathophysiology driving ongoing symptoms is poorly understood. We hypothesised that 129 Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could identify unique pulmonary phenotypic subgroups of long COVID. Therefore, we evaluated ventilation and gas exchange measurements with cluster analysis to generate imaging-based phenotypes. Methods COVID-negative controls and participants who previously tested positive for COVID-19 underwent 129 Xe MRI ∼14 months post-acute infection across three centres. Long COVID was defined as persistent dyspnoea, chest tightness, cough, fatigue, nausea and/or loss of taste/smell at MRI; participants reporting no symptoms were considered fully recovered. 129 Xe MRI ventilation defect percent (VDP) and membrane-to-gas (Mem/Gas), red blood cell-to-membrane (RBC/Mem) and red blood cell-to-gas (RBC/Gas) ratios were used in k-means clustering for long COVID, and measurements were compared using ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction. Results We evaluated 135 participants across three centres: 28 COVID-negative (mean± sd age 40±16 years), 34 fully recovered (42±14 years) and 73 long COVID (49±13 years). RBC/Mem (p=0.03) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) (p=0.04) were different between long COVID and COVID-negative; FEV 1 and all other pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were within normal ranges. Four unique long COVID clusters were identified compared with recovered and COVID-negative. Cluster 1 was the youngest with normal MRI and mild gas trapping; Cluster 2 was the oldest, characterised by reduced RBC/Mem but normal PFTs; Cluster 3 had mildly increased Mem/Gas with normal PFTs; and Cluster 4 had markedly increased Mem/Gas with concomitant reduction in RBC/Mem and restrictive PFT pattern. Conclusions We identified four 129 Xe MRI long COVID phenotypes with distinct characteristics. 129 Xe MRI can dissect pathophysiological heterogeneity of long COVID to enable personalised patient care.