tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis in Men
Authors: Peter R Ebeling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

A 65-year-old asymptomatic man is concerned about his risk of osteoporosis. His mother died after a hip fracture at 74 years of age. The patient has no history of fractures but has lost 3 inches in height; he does not smoke and has never taken corticosteroids. He drinks two glasses of beer per day. His body-mass index is 25. Measurements of bone mineral density are consistent with osteoporosis. What should you recommend?
Atherosclerotic Plaque, Adventitia, Perivascular Fat, and Carotid Imaging⁎⁎Editorials published in JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging reflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACC: Cardiovaswcular Imaging or the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Erling Falk, Troels Thim, Ingrid Bayer Kristensen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Abstract 21482: The Effect of Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Genotypes, Enzyme Levels and Activity on High Density Lipoprotein Levels In Turkish Population
Authors: Deniz Agirbasli, Mehmet Agirbasli, Fatih Eren, Mutlu Sumerkan, Cenk Aral, Sukru Aksoy, Beyazit Cirakoglu
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 1428: Cyclophilin a Promotes Vascular Oxidative Stress and Accelerates Development of Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Kimio Satoh, Patrizia Nigro, Tetsuya Matoba, Michael R O’Dell, Zhaoqiang Cui, Xi Shi, Amy Mohan, Chen Yan, Jun-ichi Abe, Bradford C Berk
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a chaperone protein secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), that stimulates VSMC migration and inflammatory cell migration in vitro. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation involves inflammatory cytokine release, leukocyte recruitment, aortic wall degradation, and neovascularization. We hypothesized that VSMC-derived CyPA contributes to AAA pathogenesis due to its proinflammatory properties. To determine the role of CyPA in AAA formation, ApoE −/− and ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice were infused with angiotensin II (AngII, 1000 ng/min/kg) for 4 weeks. There were no differences in blood pressure and cholesterol between ApoE −/− and ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice before and after Ang II treatment. AngII-induced AAA formation and aortic rupture was frequently observed in ApoE −/− mice (89% and 40%). In contrast, ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice were completely protected from AngII-induced AAA formation and aortic rupture (0% and 0%). ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice showed decreased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the aorta and lacked elastic lamina degradation, microvessel formation, and aortic expansion. In response to AngII, recruitment of leukocytes to the aortic wall was markedly impaired in ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice compared with ApoE −/− mice (counts/area; 8.6±4.3 vs. 60.0±13.8, P &lt;0.01). The incidence of AAA was 63% in CyPA +/+ marrow-transplanted ApoE −/− mice, while the incidence of AAA in ApoE −/− CyPA −/− mice remained 0% after transplantation of CyPA +/+ bone marrow cells. In situ and gelatin zymography demonstrated that CyPA was required for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation in aortic wall. Treatment of mouse aortic wild-type VSMC with AngII augmented MMP activity, which was significantly less in CyPA −/− VSMC. Treatment of VSMC with 100 nM CyPA augmented MMP activity, suggesting the importance of extracellular CyPA as well as intracellular CyPA. Finally, VSMC-specific CyPA overexpressing mice revealed augmented AngII-induced MMP activity in the vascular wall. Vascular-derived CyPA contributes to AAA pathogenesis in mice by increasing proinflammatory cytokine expression, inflammatory cell migration, and MMP activation. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Founders Affiliate (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont).
Abstract 3086: Transcatheter Pulmonic Valve Replacement in Sheep using a Grafted Self-Expanding Stent with Tissue Valve
Authors: Philipp Bonhoeffer, Rany Huynh, Morgan House, Nareak Douk, Mike Kopcak, Alex Hill, Nasser Rafiee
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background : The initial repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) involves placement of a trans-annular patch (TAP) in the majority of patients. Over time, however, TAP often causes free pulmonary insufficiency (PI), necessitating follow-up treatment. Importantly, TAP also leads to an enlargement of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract, which precludes a less-invasive approach to treat PI with currently available trans-catheter techniques. To address this unmet clinical need, a new trans-catheter device was created and tested in an animal model. Methods : Six sheep underwent echocardiography and were chosen to have the device implant on the basis of their pulmonary artery (PA) size (&gt;28 mm). A dumb-bell shaped, self-expanding covered stent with a central valve-baring portion of 22 mm diameter was developed. This device was mounted on a 22F delivery system, introduced via a jugular approach and delivered in native pulmonary position. Hemodynamic data, echocardiograms and magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired at baseline, immediately post-implant and at term (4wks: n=2; 5wks: n=1; 8wks: n=2; 19wks: n=1). Gross pathologic and ultra-structural (Faxitron®) evaluations were performed at term. Results: The device was successfully implanted in 6/6 (100%) sheep with procedure times of less than 20 minutes and fluoroscopy times less than 5 minutes. Immediately post-implant, all animals had good valve function on echocardiography (‘none’: n=5, ‘trivial’: n=1). Mean RV-to-PA gradients were slightly increased from baseline to post-implant and term (3.3, 4.7 and 7.5 mmHg, respectively). One animal showed moderate tricuspid regurgitation (TR), which was caused during device delivery. Chronically, TR and PI remained unchanged at term. While stent fractures were observed at term (n=3), no device migration or related complications were observed. On ultra-structural evaluation, valve leaflets were pliable and displayed no-to-minimal fibrin deposition and mineralization at term. Conclusion: Trans-catheter delivery and implantation of a self-expanding grafted stent with tissue valve was successful in a chronic sheep model. Stent design and material properties merit further investigation for the application in humans.
Bereavement reactions among homosexual men experiencing multiple losses in the AIDS epidemic
Authors: R Neugebauer, J G Rabkin, J B Williams, R H Remien, R Goetz, J M Gorman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors examined whether deaths of lovers and close friends from AIDS increased the frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in a group of homosexual men.Two hundred seven volunteer male homosexual subjects were interviewed in New York City in 1988 and 1989. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, administered by a clinician, and two self-report symptom checklists. Subjects were evaluated for major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Each subject also reported the number of lovers and close friends who had died of AIDS 1) since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981 and 2) in the 6 months preceding the interview.Neither the overall level of depressive symptoms, the presence of specific symptom clusters, nor the presence of a diagnosed depressive disorder was related to the number of AIDS deaths a subject reported in either time frame. In contrast, bereavement reactions specific to loss, namely, preoccupation with and searching for the deceased, were more common in subjects with greater numbers of losses. The findings for depressive symptoms and major depression are not readily explained by measurement artifact, overrepresentation of asymptomatic subjects among study volunteers, habituation effects, numbness, or shallowness of attachments in the subjects.Changes in normative expectations regarding AIDS deaths and mobilization against AIDS within the gay community may account for the lack of association between the number of losses resulting from AIDS and the presence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder.
Abstract 2700: KCNJ2-Specific ECG Abnormalities in Type 1 Andersen-Tawil Syndrome: The Enlarged U Wave, Prolonged QU Interval and Left Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Li Zhang, D. Woodrow Benson, Andres R Perez Riera, Rabi Tawil, Louis J Ptacek, Martin Tristani-Firouzi, Michael J Ackerman, Alfred L George, Minoru Horie, Robert L Lux, Peter J Schwartz, G. Michael Vincent
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Type 1 Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS1) is a channelopathy caused by mutations in the KCNJ2-encoded Kir2.1 potassium channel and is clinically characterized by periodic paralysis, dysmorphic features...
Abstract 16635: Real Time 3d Echocardiography is Comparable to Cardiac Mri in Reducing Sample Size Required to Assess Changes in Lv Function
Authors: Torsten P Vahl, Carlos G Santos-Gallego, Georg Goliasch, Kiyotake Ishikawa, Sem Briongos-Figuero, Maria Lopez-Benito, Hans Paul Gaebelt, Inmaculada Gonzalez-Bermudez, Javier Sanz, Martin E Goldman, Roger J Hajjar, Valentin Fuster, Juan Jose Badimon
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Magnetic Resonance (MRI) is the gold-standard for quantifying left ventricle (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (LVEF), allowing for considerably smaller sample sizes relative to conven...
Mold Sensitivity in Allergic Respiratory Diseases
Authors: A N DOBREY
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1566: Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 Signaling Protects Myocardial Function Following Ischemia In Females Via Stat3, Socs3 And Vegf
Authors: Meijing Wang, Paul Crisostomo, Troy Markel, Daniel R Meldrum
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) increases local TNF production, which contributes to myocardial dysfunction; however, the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Some investigations have shown that TNF may be protective and others have shown it to be injurious. Our previous studies have shown that females have improved myocardial functional recovery, TNFR1 signaling resistance, and increased SOCS3 expression following acute I/R when compared to males. However, the effect of TNFR2 on gender differences in myocardial functional recovery following I/R is unknown. We hypothesized that TNFR2 mediates myocardial protection from I/R through STAT3, SOCS3 and VEGF in both genders, TNFR2 elicits greater protective signaling in females as compared to males. Methods: Isolated male and female mouse hearts (Langendorff) from TNFR2 knockout (TNFR2 KO), TNFR1/2KO and wild type (WT) (n=3– 6/group) were subjected to 20 minutes of ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Myocardial function (+/−dP/dt) was continuously monitored. After I/R, hearts were analyzed for STAT3, SOCS3 and VEGFa gene expression (RT real-time PCR), STAT3 activation (Western blot). Two-way ANOVA or student’s t-test, p&lt;0.05 statistically significant. Results: TNFR2 deficiency decreased post-ischemic recovery of +/−dP/dt in both genders, but with greater effect on females. This deleterious effect of TNFR2KO was associated with a decrease in gene expression of VEGFa to 38%, STAT3 to 51% and SOCS3 to 36% in female TNFR2KO hearts, but without significant change in males. Additionally, TNFR1/2 KO decreased myocardial function in female hearts, but not in males. Interestingly, TNFR1/2 deficiency increased gene expression of VEGFa by 37%, SOCS3 by 30% in males, but decreased VEGFa by 48%, STAT3 by 45% and SOCS3 by 49% in females. Moreover, STAT3 activation was decreased in female TNFR2KO and TNFR1/2KO hearts. Conclusions: TNFR2 mediates myocardial protection through VEGF, STAT3 and SOCS3 following I/R in both genders, but with a relatively greater benefit of TNFR2 signaling observed in females. These data expand upon gender-based TNF signaling in myocardium, which may in part explain certain clinical differences with important therapeutic implications.
Wartime Colon Injuries: Primary Repair or Colostomy?
Authors: R Moreels, M Pont, Sae Ean, M Vitharit, C Vuthy, S Roy, M Boelaert
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

A retrospective non-randomized study, comparing primary repair with colostomy, was made on a series of 102 patients with penetrating intraperitoneal colon injuries, in a war surgery programme in Cambodia. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 25.5%, whereas in the primary repair group CFR was 20%, compared to 30.8% in the colostomy group. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.30). Adjustment for possible confounding factors in the two groups did not alter the results. Considering the numerous advantages to the patient of a primary closure in the precarious situations where war surgery is often performed, this technique merits consideration.
ACCF/AHA/SCAI 2007 Update of the Clinical Competence Statement on Cardiac Interventional Procedures
Authors: Spencer B. King, Thomas Aversano, William L. Ballard, Robert H. Beekman, Michael J. Cowley, Stephen G. Ellis, David P. Faxon, Edward L. Hannan, John W. Hirshfeld, Alice K. Jacobs, Mirle A. Kellett, Stephen E. Kimmel, Joel S. Landzberg, Louis S. McKeever, Mauro Moscucci, Richard M. Pomerantz, Karen M. Smith, George W. Vetrovec
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Atrioventricular Block
Authors: John A. Kastor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE development of His-bundle (H) electrocardiography and the concept of hemiblocks have prompted a re-examination of conventional thinking about the indications for treatment of atrioventricular (AV) block. The technic of treatment is not the issue; ventricular pacemaking is the only really effective and reliable method. The problem for this review is what these recent developments have contributed to deciding when and if a pacemaker should be installed.His-Bundle RecordingsAlthough the H electrogram had previously been recorded in man, the technic was not popularized in this country until 1969.1 2 3 The electrode catheter is usually inserted percutaneously through the femoral . . .
ABC of AIDS: HIV counselling and the psychosocial management of patients with HIV or AIDS
Authors: S. Chippindale
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Counselling in HIV and AIDS has become a core element in a holistic model of health care, in which psychological issues are recognised as integral to patient management. HIV and AIDS counselling has two general aims: (1) the prevention of HIV transmission and (2) the support of those affected directly and indirectly by HIV. It is vital that HIV counselling should have these dual aims because the spread of HIV can be prevented by changes in behaviour. One to one prevention counselling has a particular contribution in that it enables frank discussion of sensitive aspects of a patient's life—such discussion may be hampered in other settings by the patient's concern for confidentiality or anxiety about a judgmental response. Also, when patients know that they have HIV infection or disease, they may suffer great psychosocial and psychological stresses through a fear of rejection, social stigma, disease progression, and the uncertainties associated with future management of HIV. Good clinical management requires that such issues be managed with consistency and professionalism, and counselling can both minimise morbidity and reduce its occurrence. All counsellors in this field should have formal counselling training and receive regular clinical supervision as part of adherence to good standards of clinical practice.

This article has been adapted from the forthcoming 5th edition of ABC of AIDS . The book will be available from the BMJ bookshop and at http://www.bmjbooks.com/ 

#### Aims of counselling in HIV infection

Prevention 

Determining whether the lifestyle of an individual places him or her at risk

Working with an individual so that he or she understands the risks

Helping to identify the meanings of high risk behaviour

Helping to define the true potential for behaviour change

Working with the individual to achieve and sustain behaviour change

Support 

Individual, relationship, and family counselling to prevent and reduce psychological morbidity associated with HIV infection …
Abstract 3508: Patient Recall of Complications and their Risk Based on Method of Informed Consent: Original Consent Form versus the PREDICT (Patient Refined Expectations for Deciding Invasive Cardiac Treatments) Tool
Authors: Homaa Ahmad, Carole Decker, Olawale Olabiyi, Gabriel E Soto, John A Spertus
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: While the informed consent process is designed for physicians to describe the risks and benefits of procedures to patients, current systems frequently fail to accomplish this goal. In t...
Abstract 2159: Use of Bisphosphonate is Associated with a Higher Risk of Serious Atrial Fibrillation in Postmenopausal Women: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rohit Bhuriya, Ahmad Khraisat, Janos Molnar, Bharti Chaudhari, Monica Stancu, Param Puneet Singh, Rohit Arora, Sandeep Khosla
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Tics and Tourette's disorder: a 2- to 7-year follow-up of 54 obsessive- compulsive children
Authors: H L Leonard, M C Lenane, S E Swedo, D C Rettew, E S Gershon, J L Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

This study examined a hypothesized etiologic relationship between Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.Fifty-four children who had initially participated in treatment protocols for obsessive-compulsive disorder (Tourette's disorder was an exclusionary criterion) were reevaluated 2-7 years later with a neurological examination and a structured interview to establish the presence or absence of tics and Tourette's disorder. The children's first-degree relatives (N = 171) were also screened for tic disorders.At baseline, 57% (N = 31) of the patients had lifetime histories of tics. At follow-up, 59% (N = 32) had lifetime histories of tics; eight of these (all males) met the criteria for Tourette's disorder (six had developed the disorder, and two, it could be argued in retrospect, might have met the criteria at baseline). The patients with lifetime histories of tics had greater anxiety, a higher ratio of CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to homovanillic acid, and a younger age at onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder than those without tics. The patients with Tourette's disorder differed from other male patients only in having an earlier age at onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Of the first-degree relatives, 1.8% (N = 3) had Tourette's disorder, and 14% (N = 24) had a tic disorder.Except for their earlier age at onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the patients with Tourette's disorder were indistinguishable from those without. The apparent high rate of tics and Tourette's disorder in the subjects and their relatives is consistent with the hypothesis that in some cases, obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's disorder may be alternative manifestations of the same underlying illness.
Abstract 1526: Presence of Chronic Kidney Disease is Associated with Enhanced Inflammatory Response, Oxidative Stress and Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling after Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kotaro Naito, Toshihisa Anzai, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yusuke Jo, Koji Ueno, Takashi Kohno, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Akio Kawamura, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have worse clinical outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We sought to determine the prognostic significance of CKD in patients with reperfused AMI in relation to left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Methods: We examined 120 consecutive patients with reperfused first anterior AMI, admitted within 24 hours of the onset. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by MDRD equation using serum creatinine level on admission. Patients with hemodialysis were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of CKD, defined as GFR &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 . Serum creatine kinase (CK) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were serially measured (q. 6, q. 24 hours). Left ventriculography along with plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) measurements were performed on admission and 2 weeks after AMI. Patients were followed for 27 ± 23 months. Results: Mean GFR was 74 ± 24 ml/min/1.73m 2 and CKD was observed in 25% (n = 30). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, medication and coronary angiographic findings did not differ between the 2 groups. Peak CRP was higher in patients with CKD than those without (p = 0.011), despite similar peak CK. Patients with CKD had higher incidence of in-hospital cardiac death (p = 0.048) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE; p = 0.021), including in- and out-of-hospital cardiac death, non-fatal MI, reintervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and readmission for heart failure, than those without. CKD was associated with greater LV end-diastolic (p = 0.0002) and end-systolic volume (p = 0.0003) and lower LV ejection fraction (p = 0.013) 2 weeks after AMI. Plasma IL-6 (p = 0.037) on admission, and brain natriuretic peptide (p = 0.019) and oxLDL (p = 0.029) 2 weeks after AMI were higher in patients with CKD than in those without. CKD, as well as diabetes mellitus, was an independent predictor of MACE by Cox proportional hazards model analysis (relative risk = 3.13, p = 0.001). Conclusion: CKD was associated with a worse clinical outcome and infarct expansion through modification of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, suggesting an important role of CKD in the development of LV remodeling after reperfused AMI.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance and the Need for Routine Cardiac Catheterization in Single Ventricle Patients Prior to Fontan: A Comparison of 3 Groups
Authors: Mark A. Fogel, Thomas W. Pawlowski, Kevin K. Whitehead, Matthew A. Harris, Marc S. Keller, Andrew C. Glatz, Winnie Zhu, David Shore, Laura K. Diaz, Jonathan J. Rome
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Annual Review of Neuroscience
Authors: W. Maxwell Cowan, Eric M. Shooter, Steven E. Hyman, Charles F. Stevens, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2017)

Examination of cognition has historically been approached from language and introspection. However, human language–dependent definitions ignore the evolutionary roots of brain mechanisms and constrain their study in experimental animals. We promote an ... Read More