tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Disturbances Among Puerto Rican Young Adults
Authors: Eudora L. Olsen, Ayana K. April-Sanders, Hector R. Bird, Glorisa J. Canino, Cristiane S. Duarte, Shakira F. Suglia
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Sleep quality is a known marker of overall health. Studies suggest that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with sleep disturbances among children and adults. Objective To examine the association of retrospective and prospective ACEs with sleep quality among a cohort of Puerto Rican young adults from 2 sociocultural contexts. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study used data from the Boricua Youth Study (BYS), a population-based study representing Puerto Rican children from the South Bronx, New York, and Puerto Rico conducted from August 2000 to August 2003. Participants who were 5 to 9 years of age at enrollment in the BYS and who participated in wave 4 of the BYS took part in the Health Assessment (HA) when they were 18 to 29 years of age, from April 2013 to August 2017. Of the eligible 982 participants, 813 (82.8%) participated in the HA. Statistical analysis was conducted from January 2023 to January 2024. Exposures Prospective ACEs measured from parent and youth responses and retrospective ACEs measured among young adults using questions from the validated ACE questionnaire from the original ACEs study conducted by Kaiser Permanente and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published in 1998. Analysis included 8 overlapping items from both questionnaires. Outcomes Sleep quality was assessed in the HA with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The summary score included 7 components of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The hypothesis was formulated after data collection. Sleep quality information was gathered at the same time as retrospective ACEs in the HA. Results Of the 813 participants, 438 (53.9%) lived in Puerto Rico as children, 411 (50.6%) identified as female, and the mean (SE) age of participants was 22.9 (0.07) years. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, retrospective ACEs had a significant association with worse sleep outcomes (β [SE] = 0.29 [0.07]; 95% CI, 0.15-0.44; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Prospective ACEs did not have a significant association with sleep quality, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors (β [SE] = 0.05 [0.10]; 95% CI, –0.14 to 0.24; P = .59). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that there is a significant association between retrospective ACEs and sleep quality among Puerto Rican young adults, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Prospective ACEs were not significantly associated with sleep disturbances, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Addressing ACEs reported in young adulthood may help reduce sleep disorders.
State- and Territory-Level Nursing Home and Home Health Care COVID-19 Policies and Disease Burden
Authors: Patricia W. Stone, Suning Zhao, Ashley M. Chastain, Uduwanage G. Perera, Jingjing Shang, Laurent Glance, Andrew W. Dick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study creates a dataset and dashboard of US state- and territory-level COVID-19 policies specific to nursing homes and home health care agencies.
Biological Poverty Line for Infants—Evidence and Implications
Authors: Joan L. Luby, Mark R. Rank, Deanna M. Barch
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This Viewpoint discusses whether protective and promotive interventions in brain development would benefit from identification of a “biological poverty line” during pregnancy and early childhood, above which the brain is informed and enhanced by experience in positive ways, and below which adverse experiences may influence the brain in ways that do not support long-term health trajectories.
Measuring Equity in Readmission as an Assessment of Hospital Performance—Reply
Authors: Himali Weerahandi, Katherine A. Nash, Susannah M. Bernheim
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Why I . . . practise Brazilian jiujitsu
Authors: Helen Jones
Journal: BMJ (2024)

I'm talking with a bit of a lisp because I got hit in the face this morning," says cardiologist Tharusha Gunawardena, who has been attending Brazilian jiujitsu classes since 2023."I've been doing martial arts for a long time," he explains."I did taekwondo as a kid and got a black
Developmental Milestone Attainment in US Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sara B. Johnson, Molly Kuehn, Jennifer O. Lambert, J. Paul Spin, Lauren M. Klein, Barbara Howard, Raymond Sturner, Eliana M. Perrin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of young children, but the association between the pandemic and any changes in early childhood developmental milestone achievement in the US remains unclear.
Enhancing the Interpretation of Continuous Outcomes and Subgroup Analyses in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Jing Wu, Qi Wang, Xiaoning He
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Associations Between Surrogate Markers and Clinical Outcomes for Nononcologic Chronic Disease Treatments
Authors: Joshua D. Wallach, Samuel Yoon, Harry Doernberg, Laura R. Glick, Oriana Ciani, Rod S. Taylor, Maryam Mooghali, Reshma Ramachandran, Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Surrogate markers are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials supporting drug approvals.
Health Care Lobbying and Oncology
Authors: Nirmal Choradia, Aaron Mitchell, Ryan Nipp
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The health care industry spends more on lobbying than any other industry, with more than $700 million spent in 2022. However, health care lobbying related to cancer has not been characterized. In this study, we sought to describe overall health sector lobbying spending and oncology-related lobbying spending across patient and clinician organizations.
Meningeal Lymphatics in Central Nervous System Diseases
Authors: Andrea Francesca M. Salvador, Nora Abduljawad, Jonathan Kipnis
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2024)

Since its recent discovery, the meningeal lymphatic system has reshaped our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) fluid exchange, waste clearance, immune cell trafficking, and immune privilege. Meningeal lymphatics have also been demonstrated to functionally modify the outcome of neurological disorders and their responses to treatment, including brain tumors, inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, CNS injuries, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of the contribution of meningeal lymphatics to neurological diseases, as well as the available experimental methods for manipulating meningeal lymphatics in these conditions. Finally, we also provide a discussion of the pressing questions and challenges in utilizing meningeal lymphatics as a prime target for CNS therapeutic intervention and possibly drug delivery for brain disorders.
The number and pattern of viral genomic reassortments are not necessarily identifiable from segment trees
Authors: Qianying Lin, Emma E Goldberg, Thomas Leitner, Carmen Molina-París, Aaron A King, Ethan O Romero-Severson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Reassortment is an evolutionary process common in viruses with segmented genomes. These viruses can swap whole genomic segments during cellular co-infection, giving rise to novel progeny formed from the mixture of parental segments. Since large-scale genome rearrangements have the potential to generate new phenotypes, reassortment is important to both evolutionary biology and public health research. However, statistical inference of the pattern of reassortment events from phylogenetic data is exceptionally difficult, potentially involving inference of general graphs in which individual segment trees are embedded. In this paper, we argue that, in general, the number and pattern of reassortment events are not identifiable from segment trees alone, even with theoretically ideal data. We call this fact the fundamental problem of reassortment, which we illustrate using the concept of the “first-infection tree,” a potentially counterfactual genealogy that would have been observed in the segment trees had no reassortment occurred. Further, we illustrate four additional problems that can arise logically in the inference of reassortment events and show, using simulated data, that these problems are not rare and can potentially distort our observation of reassortment even in small data sets. Finally, we discuss how existing methods can be augmented or adapted to account for not only the fundamental problem of reassortment, but also the four additional situations that can complicate the inference of reassortment.
Effect of Health Service Area on Primary Care Physician Provision of Low-Value Cancer Screening
Authors: Kassandra Dindinger-Hill, Joshua Horns, Jacob Ambrose, Jeffrey Vehawn, Mouneeb Choudry, Trevor C. Hunt, Jonathan Chipman, Benjamin Haaland, Jiaming Li, Heidi A. Hanson, Brock O’Neil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Using a health systems approach to investigate low-value care (LVC) may provide insights into structural drivers of this pervasive problem.
Procoagulant platelets promote immune evasion in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Johanna Schaubaecher, Bojan Smiljanov, Florian Haring, Katja Steiger, Zhengquan Wu, Joshua Luft, Simone Ballke, Shaan Mahameed, Vera Schneewind, Jonas Hildinger, Martin Canis, Laura Mittmann, Constanze Braun, Gabriele Zuchtriegel, Rainer Kaiser, Leo Nicolai, Matthias Mack, Wilko Weichert, Kirsten Lauber, Bernd Uhl, Christoph A Reichel
Journal: Blood (2024)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive tumor entity in which immune checkpoint (IC) molecules are primarily synthesized in the tumor environment. Here, we report that procoagulant platelets bear large amounts of such immunomodulatory factors and that the presence of these cellular blood components in TNBC relates to protumorigenic immune-cell activity and impaired survival. Mechanistically, tumor-released nucleic acids attract platelets to the aberrant tumor microvasculature, where they undergo procoagulant activation, thus delivering specific stimulatory and inhibitory IC molecules. This concomitantly promotes protumorigenic myeloid leukocyte responses and compromises antitumorigenic lymphocyte activity, ultimately supporting tumor growth. Interference with platelet-leukocyte interactions prevented immune cell misguidance and suppressed tumor progression, nearly as effective as systemic IC inhibition. Hence, our data uncover a self-sustaining mechanism of TNBC by using platelets to misdirect immune-cell responses. Targeting this irregular multicellular interplay may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for TNBC without the adverse effects of systemic IC inhibition.
Excessive Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Policy Brief of the American College of Physicians
Authors: Ryan Crowley, David Hilden, Micah Beachy, David Hilden, Micah Beachy, Jan K. Carney, Haidn Foster, Austin Hoeg, Matthew Hollon, Cynthia A. Jumper, Selvam Joseph Mascarenhas, Ankita Sagar, Jenny R. Silberger, Jamar Slocum, Michael Tan, Elham A. Yousef
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Alcohol is used by more people in the United States than tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems, or illicit drugs. Several health conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver disease, are associated with excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. Nearly 30 million people aged 12 years or older in the United States reported past-year alcohol use disorder in 2022, but-despite its prevalence-alcohol use disorder is undertreated. In this policy brief, the American College of Physicians outlines the health effects of excessive alcohol use and alcohol use disorder, calls for policy changes to increase the availability of treatment of alcohol use disorder and excessive alcohol use, and recommends alcohol-related public health interventions.
Testing for t(3;8) in MYC/BCL6-rearranged large B-cell lymphoma identifies a high-risk subgroup with inferior survival
Authors: Bernard D. Maybury, Lisa James, Neil Phillips, Indrani Venkatadasari, Iman Qureshi, James Riley, Georgina Talbot, Shivir Moosai, Hannah Giles, Nicola Chadderton, James Dowds, Pallav Rakesh, Henry Crosland, Aidan Haslam, Sarah Lane, Monica Vega Gonzalez, David Davies, George Cherian, Amir Shenouda, Praveen Kaudlay, Jane Starczynski, Zbigniew Rudzki, Sridhar Chaganti
Journal: Blood (2024)
Macrophage‐Derived Nanosponges Adsorb Cytokines and Modulate Macrophage Polarization for Renal Cell Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Jiang, Disen Nie, Zhihao Hu, Chao Zhang, Lingdi Chang, Yu Li, Zhengxuan Li, Wei Hu, Hongji Li, Sikai Li, Chao Xu, Shaojie Liu, Fa Yang, Weihong Wen, Donghui Han, Keying Zhang, Weijun Qin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a hot tumor infiltrated by large numbers of CD8
Covalent Polymer‐RNA Conjugates for Potent Activation of the RIG‐I Pathway
Authors: Christian R. Palmer, Lucinda E. Pastora, Blaise R. Kimmel, Hayden M. Pagendarm, Alexander J. Kwiatkowski, Payton T. Stone, Karan Arora, Nora Francini, Olga Fedorova, Anna M. Pyle, John T. Wilson
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

RNA ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) are a promising class of oligonucleotide therapeutics with broad potential as antiviral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and cancer immunotherapies. However, their translation has been limited by major drug delivery barriers, including poor cellular uptake, nuclease degradation, and an inability to access the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here this challenge is addressed by engineering nanoparticles that harness covalent conjugation of 5'-triphospate RNA (3pRNA) to endosome-destabilizing polymers. Compared to 3pRNA loaded into analogous nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, it is found that covalent conjugation of 3pRNA improves loading efficiency, enhances immunostimulatory activity, protects against nuclease degradation, and improves serum stability. Additionally, it is found that 3pRNA could be conjugated via either a disulfide or thioether linkage, but that the latter is only permissible if conjugated distal to the 5'-triphosphate group. Finally, administration of 3pRNA-polymer conjugates to mice significantly increases type-I interferon levels relative to analogous carriers that use electrostatic 3pRNA loading. Collectively, these studies have yielded a next-generation polymeric carrier for in vivo delivery of 3pRNA, while also elucidating new chemical design principles for covalent conjugation of 3pRNA with potential to inform the further development of therapeutics and delivery technologies for pharmacological activation of RIG-I.
Heterodimerization of T cell engaging bispecific antibodies to enhance specificity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Alan W Long, Hong Xu, Brian H Santich, Hongfen Guo, Sayed Shahabuddin Hoseini, Elisa de Stanchina, Nai-Kong V Cheung
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

Abstract Background EGFR and/or HER2 expression in pancreatic cancers is correlated with poor prognoses. We generated homodimeric (EGFRxEGFR or HER2xHER2) and heterodimeric (EGFRxHER2) T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (T-BsAbs) to direct polyclonal T cells to these antigens on pancreatic tumors. Methods EGFR and HER2 T-BsAbs were constructed using the 2 + 2 IgG-[L]-scFv T-BsAbs format bearing two anti-CD3 scFvs attached to the light chains of an IgG to engage T cells while retaining bivalent binding to tumor antigens with both Fab arms. A Fab arm exchange strategy was used to generate EGFRxHER2 heterodimeric T-BsAb carrying one Fab specific for EGFR and one for HER2. EGFR and HER2 T-BsAbs were also heterodimerized with a CD33 control T-BsAb to generate ‘tumor-monovalent’ EGFRxCD33 and HER2xCD33 T-BsAbs. T-BsAb avidity for tumor cells was studied by flow cytometry, cytotoxicity by T-cell mediated 51 Chromium release, and in vivo efficacy against cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) or patient-derived xenografts (PDX). Tumor infiltration by T cells transduced with luciferase reporter was quantified by bioluminescence. Results The EGFRxEGFR, HER2xHER2, and EGFRxHER2 T-BsAbs demonstrated high avidity and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines in vitro with EC50s in the picomolar range (0.17pM to 18pM). They were highly efficient in driving human polyclonal T cells into subcutaneous PDAC xenografts and mediated potent T cell-mediated anti-tumor effects. Both EGFRxCD33 and HER2xCD33 tumor-monovalent T-BsAbs displayed substantially reduced avidity by SPR when compared to homodimeric EGFRxEGFR or HER2xHER2 T-BsAbs (∼150-fold and ∼6000-fold respectively), tumor binding by FACS (8.0-fold and 63.6-fold), and T-cell mediated cytotoxicity (7.7-fold and 47.2-fold), while showing no efficacy against CDX or PDX. However, if either EGFR or HER2 was removed from SW1990 by CRISPR-mediated knockout, the in vivo efficacy of heterodimeric EGFRxHER2 T-BsAb was lost. Conclusion EGFR and HER2 were useful targets for driving T cell infiltration and tumor ablation. Two arm Fab binding to either one or both targets was critical for robust anti-tumor effect in vivo. By engaging both targets, EGFRxHER2 heterodimeric T-BsAb exhibited potent anti-tumor effects if CDX or PDX were EGFR + HER2 + double-positive with the potential to spare single-positive normal tissue.
Targeting inflammasomes and pyroptosis in retinal diseases—molecular mechanisms and future perspectives
Authors: Yimeng Sun, Fan Li, Yunfei Liu, Dijie Qiao, Xinyu Yao, Guei-Sheung Liu, Dequan Li, Chuanle Xiao, Tao Wang, Wei Chi
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2024)

Retinal diseases encompass various conditions associated with sight-threatening immune responses and are leading causes of blindness worldwide. These diseases include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and uveitis. Emerging evidence underscores the vital role of the innate immune response in retinal diseases, beyond the previously emphasized T-cell-driven processes of the adaptive immune system. In particular, pyroptosis, a newly discovered programmed cell death process involving inflammasome formation, has been implicated in the loss of membrane integrity and the release of inflammatory cytokines. Several disease-relevant animal models have provided evidence that the formation of inflammasomes and the induction of pyroptosis in innate immune cells contribute to inflammation in various retinal diseases. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about the innate immune system and pyroptosis in retinal diseases. We also provide insights into translational targeting approaches, including novel drugs countering pyroptosis, to improve the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases.
Heterogeneity of SOS response expression in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli influences adaptation to antimicrobial stress
Authors: Sara Diaz-Diaz, Andrea Garcia-Montaner, Roberta Vanni, Marina Murillo-Torres, Esther Recacha, Marina R. Pulido, Maria Romero-Muñoz, Fernando Docobo-Pérez, Alvaro Pascual, Jose Manuel Rodriguez-Martinez
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2024)

In recent years, new evidence has shown that the SOS response plays an important role in the response to antimicrobials, with involvement in the generation of clinical resistance. Here we evaluate the impact of heterogeneous expression of the SOS response in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli on response to the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. In silico analysis of whole genome sequencing data showed remarkable sequence conservation of the SOS response regulators, RecA and LexA. Despite the genetic homogeneity, our results revealed a marked differential heterogeneity in SOS response activation, both at population and single-cell level, among clinical isolates of E. coli in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin. Four main stages of SOS response activation were identified and correlated with cell filamentation. Interestingly, there was a correlation between clinical isolates with higher expression of the SOS response and further progression to resistance. This heterogeneity in response to DNA damage repair (mediated by the SOS response) and induced by antimicrobial agents could be a new factor with implications for bacterial evolution and survival contributing to the generation of antimicrobial resistance.