tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of poliomyelitis in Tajikistan in 2010: risk for importation and impact on polio surveillance in Europe?
Authors: collective World Health Organization Country Office Tajikistan, Collective WHO Regional Office for Europe, None European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

On 23 April 2010, the World Health Organisation announced the confirmation of wild poliovirus serotype 1 (WPV1) in seven samples from children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis in Tajikistan, in the context of a multi-district cluster starting in December 2009. As of 28 April, 32 of 171 reported cases were laboratory-confirmed and most closely related to virus from Uttar Pradesh, India. This outbreak demonstrates the high risk that still exists for importation of wild poliovirus into polio-free regions.
Accelerated Coronary Plaque Progression and Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Mario Gössl, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Byoung-Jwoo Choi, Charanjit Rihal, Jonella M. Tilford, Martin Reriani, Rajiv Gulati, Guri Sandhu, Erik Eeckhout, Ryan Lennon, Lilach O. Lerman, Amir Lerman
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2014)
Abstract 17811: Rate of Cardiac Recovery with Combined Pharmacological Therapy and Continuous Flow LVAD Support
Authors: Snehal R Patel, Vivek Bhatia, Pauline Edwards, Cecilia Nucci, Daniel Goldstein, Simon Maybaum
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Bridge to recovery has remained a tantalizing option for LVAD therapy despite disappointing rates of cardiac improvement in the literature. Most of these prior studies were limited by lack of adjuvant heart failure medical therapy (HFMED) or were reported in the first generation pulsatile pumps. We assessed the hypothesis that frequent visits for uptitration of HFMED in continuous flow (CF) LVAD recipients would lead to cardiac recovery in a meaningful proportion of patients. Methods: Since 2006 we have defined all non-ischemics (DCM) and acute ischemics (CAD) as our recovery population. These recipients are seen biweekly for protocol driven up-titration of HFMED to a target MAP of 70mmHg. One month after achieving maximal tolerated HFMED, cardiac function is assessed by echocardiogram with an LVAD-weaned study where LVAD flow is reduced to an assumed net-zero flow of 6200rpm for 15 minutes. Results: Between June 2006 and January 2011, 70 patients received a CF LVAD at our institution and 30 formed our recovery population. Of these, 4 died and 5 went to transplant prior to reaching HFMED while 3 were excluded because of complications that occurs during LVAD support. Data from the remaining 18 (60%) formed the study cohort. Five (17%) subjects demonstrated normalization of biventricuclar size and function (Table 1) and 3 (10%) went on to device explantation after further study. Duration of HF tended to be shorter in the recovered patients. Conclusions: In our experience, utilizing frequent follow-up for aggressive uptitration of HFMED, 17% of CF LVAD patients with DCM or acute CAD could be managed to complete recovery. Further investigation of this approach is warranted.
Abstract 2429: ICD Efficacy In Patients Who Developed New Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Enrollment In The MADIT-II Trial
Authors: Anant K Vyas, Ilan Goldenberg, Wojciech Zareba, Scott McNitt, Arthur J Moss
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: In the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-II (MADIT-II), the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) at baseline was associated with an increased risk of death, and these patients received a substantial benefit from ICD therapy. In the current study, we evaluated the risk of death and the efficacy of ICD therapy in patients who developed new-onset AF after enrollment in the MADIT-II study. Methods/Results: Hazard ratios (HR) were determined using multivariate Cox proportional hazards method. Age ≥ 65 (HR 3.02, p &lt; 0.01), QRS duration &gt; 120 ms (HR 2.30, p &lt; 0.01), and NYHA functional class ≥ 2 (HR 1.78, p = 0.03) were independent predictors of new-onset AF. In both treatment arms, there was a significant increase in the risk of death after developing new-onset AF (Post-AF) (n = 25 in conventional arm, n = 51 in ICD arm) than among patients before or without AF (Pre-AF) (n = 416 in conventional arm, n = 624 in ICD arm) as shown in the Mantel-Byar graphs. After adjusting for relevant covariates (including age, BUN, EF, and beta-blocker use), ICD therapy was associated with a greater reduction in the risk of death in patients who developed new-onset AF (HR 0.31, p = 0.013) compared to patients with no interim AF (HR 0.73, p = 0.055) [p = 0.085 for interaction between interim AF and ICD therapy]. Conclusions: The development of new-onset AF is associated with a significant increase in mortality and this group may be a target for closer follow-up and more aggressive treatment. ICD therapy was highly effective in reducing mortality in MADIT-II patients who developed new-onset AF after enrollment in the trial.
Abstract 13839: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Predicts Increased Mortality in Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
Authors: Jan M Sinning, Viktoria Adenauer, Anne C Scheer, Christoph Hammerstingl, Alexander Ghanem, Eberhard Grube, Georg Nickenig, Nikos Werner
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: To elucidate the influence of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background: The outcome of patients in need of surgical or interventional therapy is unfavorably influenced by severe systemic inflammation reactions. Methods: 138 consecutive TAVI patients were included. Hemodynamic parameters were assessed before and 1h, 4h, 24h after the procedure by continuous pulse contour analysis. Proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8)] and acute phase reactants [C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT)] were meas-ured at baseline and 1h, 4h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 7 days after TAVI. Results: Recruited patients were at high risk as reflected by a mean logistic EuroSCORE of 30.3 ± 18.0%. 56 of 138 patients developed a SIRS. The incidence of SIRS was increased in patients with major vascular complications (17% vs. 3%; P=0.014) or acute kidney injury (AKI) (43% vs. 8%; P<0.001). Patients with SIRS had...
Abstract 17333: Inflammatory Capacity Not Amount of Peri-Coronary Adipose Tissue Affects Atherosclerotic Leasions Formation in Patients With Stable Angina
Authors: Tomasz Mazurek, Malgorzata Kobylecka, Janusz Kochman, Krzysztof Filipiak, Leszek Krolicki, Grzegorz Opolski
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Extravascular inflammatory expression may adversely influence coronary lesion formation through outside-to-inside signaling. Maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) of 18-FDG detected b...
Abstract 12924: Unstable Angina Patients with Depression Have Left Ventricular Hypertrophy by Electrocardiogram: A Replication in Two Studies
Authors: William Whang, Howard Julien, Laura Higginbotham, Padmini Iyer, Manjunath Harlapur, John T Bigger, Hasan Garan, Matthew M Burg, Karina W Davidson
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Depression is a recognized risk marker for mortality among acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, possibly due to sudden cardiac death (SCD). Elevated sympathetic tone and reduced he...
Effect of inactivation of argininosuccinate synthetase on sensitivity of lymphomas to caspase-dependent apoptosis following treatment with arginine deiminase.
Authors: P. W. Szlosarek, B. Delage, C. O'Riain, E. Hatzimichael, T. Crook, M. Calaminici, J. G. Gribben, N. Lemoine, T. A. Lister, J. Fitzgibbon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

8093 Background: Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid, critical to the growth of human cancers. Downregulation of the enzyme argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1), a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in arginine metabolism, results in an intrinsic dependence on extracellular arginine with arginine deprivation offering a potential treatment option for patients with arginine auxotrophic tumors. Several early phase clinical trials of the arginine lowering drug, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Methods: We assessed ASS1 expression (ASS1 promoter methylation, ASS1 mRNA and protein levels) in normal and malignant lymphoid cell lines and tissues, and tested the effect of ADI-PEG20. Results: The ASS1 promoter is hypermethylated in lymphomas using the Illumina Infinium methylation platform and provided a discriminator between lymphoma (cell lines and primary tumor samples, n=20) and B cell controls (benign lymph nodes and lymphoblastoid cell lines, n=6). A good correlation was observed between ASS1 mRNA and protein levels in tumor (n=12) and normal control cell lines (n=2), with most malignant, but not normal, cell lines showing absence of ASS1 expression. Notably, ASS1 protein was absent in >99% of lymphoma cases (n=300), as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The ASS1-negative t(14;18) follicular lymphoma cell line, Karpas-422, and the cutaneous T cell lymphoma cell line, MyLa, were sensitive to ADI-PEG 20 with activation of caspases 3 and 7, PARP cleavage and downregulation of mTOR signalling. In contrast, the normal lymphoblastoid cell lines, NcNC and HRC57 and the Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma cell line, expressed constitutive and inducible levels of ASS1 protein, and were resistant to the apoptotic effects of ADI-PEG20. Conclusions: ASS1 is epigenetically inactivated in human lymphomas resulting in a potential dependency on extracellular arginine for cell growth. ASS1-negative lymphomas are sensitive to arginine depletion suggesting that this approach is worth exploring as a potential novel therapeutic approach in the management of patients with lymphoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Polaris Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Which doctors die first?
Authors: K.-T. Khaw, C. McManus, D J M Wright, A P Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1997)

CONSORT statement on the reporting standards of clinical trials Recommendations are inappropriate for trial reportsEditor-In his editorial on the CONSORT statement Douglas G Altman states that since "only randomised trials have the potential directly to affect patient care ... it is ... reasonable to require higher standards for papers reporting randomised trials than those describing other types of study." 1 But although randomised trials are usually the preferred approach for the unbiased evaluation of treatments, non-randomised observational studies also influence treatment.Because the correct interpretation of observational studies is much more difficult, largely due to uncontrollable biases, their description and analysis call for at least as much care as do randomised trials.Sometimes, of course, randomised comparisons are unnecessary-for example, to determine the value of fetoprotein screening for neural tube defects.CONSORT is the product of deliberations conducted almost entirely through North American journals. 2Journal editors and statisticians are well represented among those involved, but clinicians and others with experience in actually conducting trials less so.Experience of the procedures recommended seems to be limited and not wholly positive.The authors of one trial report who had been persuaded to rewrite it 3 in the structured format expressed mixed feelings: the paper was rendered less readable with "ideas that are logically linked together (such as point estimates with 95% confidence intervals) torn asunder." 4 Inflexibility and a lengthier manuscript were other reported disadvantages.The editor stated that a journal "should change the way it structures articles only when there is good agreement on the new format in the communities we serve" 4 ; this includes writers and readers of trial reports as well as editors.Feedback from the test case 3 or from other commentators does not seem to have materially altered the final version of CONSORT.By announcing its decision, less than a fortnight after publication of CONSORT, the BMJ pre-empted input from many with experience of planning, conducting, and reporting trials.Few will dispute the need for improvements in the reporting of all studies with implications for patient care, whatever their design.But without appropriate consultation, the BMJ seems to have made its decision on CONSORT prematurely.The requirement that randomised trials report the numbers of patients excluded is generally pointless, 5 and making authors indicate where a large number of checklist items are dealt with would be unduly prescriptive.The CONSORT recommendations should not be imposed unilaterally.Others with experience of trial conduct should be consulted on the nature of any guidelines for the reporting of randomised trials and, more importantly, of observational studies of treatments.
Comparison of primary tumor maximal standardized uptake value (SUV<sub>max</sub>) on preoperative [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and histological subtype in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: J. A. Davidson, V. Wong, R. Fraser, V. Hirsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7571 Background: The routine preoperative use of PET/CT in patients with potentially resectable NSCLC is rapidly expanding. The SUV max is a semiquantitative measure of metabolic activity that can distinguish benign from malignant tissue but published data are conflicting regarding its ability to discriminate between major histological subtypes. Methods: Pathology and PET/CT reports of 39 NSCLC patients who underwent a preoperative scan and curative resection at the McGill University Health Centre were reviewed. Only patients with Adenocarcinoma (AC), Squamous Cell carcinoma (SC), or Large Cell carcinoma (LC), and definitive pathological staging, were included. The SUV max values for each histological subtype, along with primary tumor sizes, were compared using F test and t-test analyses. Results: The 15 patients with SC and 5 with LC histology were found to have significantly greater preoperative SUV max values than the 19 patients with AC (mean 12.7 and 17.2 vs. 9.4, respectively, P &lt; 0.05), despite the fact that no significant differences in tumor size were observed between histological subtypes. Patients with LC histology displayed higher SUV max values than patients with SC histology, but this was not found to be significant (P = 0.057).Conclusions: These data suggest that SC pulmonary tumors have significantly greater uptake on PET/CT than AC tumors. This finding may be helpful in the future when sufficient tissue cannot be obtained for pathological diagnosis or to identify the predominant pathology of mixed tumors. Larger studies are required to confirm our results. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Risk of Elevated Intraocular Pressure and Glaucoma in Patients with Uveitis
Authors: David S. Friedman, Janet T. Holbrook, Husam Ansari, Judith Alexander, Alyce Burke, Susan B. Reed, Joanne Katz, Jennifer E. Thorne, Susan L. Lightman, John H. Kempen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Macroglossia
Authors: A G Renehan, M E Morton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

considered, it was unnecessary as the areas of ulceration healed completely after resolution of the infection.I agree that cutaneous radionecrosis and osteonecrosis often require excision and the use of myocutaneous flaps.These and other complications of radiotherapy are covered in a subsequent article in the ABC series.Reconstruction of the breast and its complications are also being covered separately.The point of the illustration was to show a good example of cellulitis after surgery and radiotherapy.This cellulitis needs to be controlled by antibiotics before other measures are con- sidered.In this respect I do not believe that the illustration was misleading or inappropriate.
Abstract 1500: Does Indoxyl Sulfate, A Uremic Toxin, Have Direct Effects on Cardiac Fibroblasts & Myocytes?
Authors: Suree Lekawanvijit, Anastasia Adrahtas, Darren J Kelly, Henry Krum, Bing H Wang
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction : Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin found at high concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common accompaniment of chronic heart failure (CHF). While IS has pro-fibrotic effects in renal glomeruli and interstitium, its direct effects on cardiac fibroblast and myocyte function have not as yet been investigated.   Methods : Rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts (NCF) and myocytes (NCM) were isolated with enzymic digestion and maintained in culture. The effects of IS on NCF collagen synthesis and NCM hypertrophy were determined by  3 H-Proline and  3 H-Leucine incorporation, respectively. The effects of IS on NCF cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Western blot analysis was used to determine the activation of signal transduction pathways by IS in NCF.   Results : At concentrations tested (0.3μM-100μM) IS significantly increased collagen synthesis in NCF (up to 183.16 % of control). It did not affect NCF cell viability. Stimulation with IS activated p38, p42/p44 MAPKs and NF-κB; RWJ-67657 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) suppressed IS-stimulated collagen synthesis and p38 phosphorylation (Fig 1A&1B). Furthermore, IS also stimulated NCM hypertrophy (152.49–178.84 % of control) (Fig 1C).   Conclusions : IS stimulates collagen synthesis in NCF and hypertrophy in NCM indicating that it might play an important role in cardiac remodelling. These effects may be mediated via activation of the p38, p42/p44 MAPKs, and NF-κB pathways. Targeting reduction of IS or the pathways it activates may represent a novel therapeutic approach to the management of CHF with concomitant CKD.
Abstract 1848: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting after Uneventful Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Authors: Louis M Stevens, Robert E Wolf, Arvind K Agnihotri, David F Torchiana, Ann Lovett, Sharon L Normand
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective : Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with an increase in coronary re-intervention and cardiac re-hospitalization compared to CABG. We compared mid-term survival of adults undergoing primary isolated CABG more than 14 days and within 5 years of a PCI (P-PCI) to CABG patients without prior PCI (NO-PCI). Methods : We linked clinical information from the mandatory MA Adult Cardiac Surgery Database to the MA Inpatient Acute Hospital Case Mix, Charge Database and to the MA Mortality Index Database in order to analyze outcomes of 11,352 adults undergoing primary isolated CABG between 2002 and 2004. Inpatient discharge data were used to identify any occurrence of P-PCI in the 5 years interval prior to the primary CABG. We excluded patients residing outside of MA at time of primary CABG (n = 1,043), with early PCI failure &lt; 14 days prior to CABG (n = 403), or rescue PCI for acute myocardial infarction (n = 438), leaving a final cohort of 9,468. The propensity for P-PCI was determined by logistic regression analysis and each patient with P-PCI was matched to a single NO-PCI patient. Morbidity and mortality differences were estimated by McNemar’s test and length of stay by paired t-tests. Survival was compared using Cox proportional hazards model to account for matching. Results : We identified 1,033 patients with P-PCI; the median interval between P-PCI and CABG was 234 days. P-PCI patients were more likely to be younger, female, with lower ejection fraction, hypertension, myocardial infarction &gt; 24 hrs and fewer diseased vessels. They were less likely to present with peripheral vascular disease, left main disease and to present in urgent status. Mean follow-up was 578 ± 316 days and was 100% complete. Using 1,032 matched pairs, no differences were found (P-PCI vs. NO-PCI) in 30-day mortality (1.1% vs. 1.4%; P = 0.7), hospital morbidity (35% vs. 33%; P = 0.4), median length of stay (8 days vs. 9 days; P = 0.06), and survival (HR [95% CI] for P-PCI = 0.88 [0.56, 1.38]; P = 0.6). Conclusions : Although CABG patients with P-PCI presented with more comorbidities, mid-term outcomes were similar to a matched NO-PCI CABG population. These results help to refine the indications and trade-offs for the available successful alternatives in coronary revascularization.
Lesson of the Week: Cocaine and adrenaline paste: a fatal combination?
Authors: K E A Nicholson, J E G Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Cocaine and adrenaline paste is most commonly used by otorhinolaryngologists for operations on the nose, including rhinoplasty and submucous resection.Cocaine readily penetrates mucous membranes and is an effective topical anaesthetic with an intense vasoconstrictor action that facilitates surgery and improves haemostasis.Cocaine blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline at sympathetic nerve terminals, thus potentiating sympathetic activity.Although local vasoconstriction is produced, arrhythmias and hyper- tension may occur.'Adrenaline is used in combination with cocaine to intensify the vasoconstrictor effect, thus improving the operative field, and also to reduce absorption of cocaine into the systemic circulation.Interaction between cocaine and adrenaline, however, may increase circulating concentrations of catechola- mines and lead to arrhythmias.
Does CRP Play a Causal Role in the Development of Coronary Heart Disease: Results of a Mendelian Randomisation Experiment Involving 128,935 People
Authors: P Elliot, J Chambers, J Sehmi, R Clarke, J Erdmann, P Braund, J Engert, D Ashby, I Tzoulaki, L Peltonen, M Farrall, A Hamsten, P Froguel, D Waterworth, P Vollenweider, G Waeber, Jarvelin M-R., J Scott, A Hall, H Schunkert, S Anand, R Collins, N Samani, H Watkins, J Kooner
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Whether CRP is causally associated with CHD or merely a marker of underlying atherosclerosis is uncerta...
CUDC-907, a Dual HDAC and PI3K Inhibitor, Potentially Targets Cancer Cells and The Microenvironment In Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Jing Wang, Natalie Pursell, Anna Ma, Ruzanna Atoyan, Maria Samson, Mylissa Borek, Steven DellaRocca, Ling Yin, Da-gong Wang, Brian Zifcak, Guang-xin Xu, Maurizio Voi, Cheng-Jung Lai
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 17365: Activation of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-associated Protein Suppresses Vascular Hypertrophy And Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II Mediated Hypertension
Authors: Toru Dejima, kouichi Tamura, Hiromichi Wakui, Kazushi Uneda, Akinobu Maeda, Masato Ohsawa, Tomohiko Kanaoka, Kengo Azushima, Koichi Azuma, Akio Yamashita, Kazuo Kimura, Satoshi Umemura
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Backgrounds: We previously cloned a molecule interacting with Ang II type 1 receptor, which we named ATRAP (for Ang II type 1 receptor-associated protein). Previous in vitro studies showed that ATR...
Non-invasive MRI Assessment of Coronary Endothelial-Dependent Vasoreactivity
Authors: Allison Hays
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Abstract 1077 Allison G. Hays, Glenn A. Hirsch, Sebastian Kelle, Gary Gerstenblith, Matthias Stuber, Robert G. Weiss, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD Allison Hays, 2008 Finalist and Presenting Author