tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Doctors Differ. Five Studies in Contrast: John Elliotson, Hugh Owen Thomas, James Mackenzie, William Macewen, R. W. Philip
Authors: Harley Williams
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Azolla — A Model Organism for Plant Genomic Studies
Authors: Yin-Long Qiu, Jun Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2003)

Abstract The aquatic ferns of the genus Azolla are nitrogen-fixing plants that have great potentials in agricultural production and environmental conservation. Azolla in many aspects is qualified to serve as a model organism for genomic studies because of its importance in agriculture, its unique position in plant evolution, its symbiotic relationship with the N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Anabaena azollae, and its moderate-sized genome. The goals of this genome project are not only to understand the biology of the Azolla genome to promote its applications in biological research and agriculture practice but also to gain critical insights about evolution of plant genomes. Together with the strategic and technical improvement as well as cost reduction of DNA sequencing, the deciphering of their genetic code is imminent.
AIDS and the Mouth: Diagnosis and Management of Oral Lesions
Authors: Deborah Greenspan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

History definitions epidemiology human immune deficiency viruses animal models for AIDS transmission of HIV tests for HIV infection natural history of HIV infection oral manifestations: classification fungal infections bacterial infections viral infections neoplasms neurologic manifestations oral manifestations of unknown aetiology orofacial manifestations of paediatric AIDS treatment of oral manifestations AIDS and infection control.
Alexandre Yersin
Authors: J. C. Rosenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

SEVENTY-five years ago the central highlands of Vietnam, so prominently referred to in the newspapers today, were known to but a few primitive tribes of mountain people. The mountainous terrain and dense jungle provided protection for the Montagnards, who, centuries before, sought refuge there from the invading Viet people. It is ironic that this area, ignored by the world for so long, has become a battleground that will figure prominently in history.The central Vietnam highlands are located largely in the provinces of Darlac, Kontum, Lam-Dong, Phubon, Pleiku, Quang Due and Tuke Due (Fig. 1). The first European to explore . . .
Speech abnormalities in tardive dyskinesia
Authors: R Khan, V C Jampala, K Dong, C S Vedak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The authors assessed tardive dyskinesia and the structure and physiology of speech apparatus, phonation, and articulation speech abnormalities in 27 chronically ill male psychiatric patients. Tardive dyskinesia was associated with impairment in phonation, intelligibility, and rate of speech production. Patients with and without tardive dyskinesia had similar rates of structural and physiological abnormalities of speech apparatus. The authors conclude that tardive dyskinesia is associated with substantial impairment in speech.
Detailed Atlas of the Head and Neck
Authors: A. J. E. Cave
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Merely the Patient.
Authors: Henry Howard Harper
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Casebook of Medical Ethics
Authors: Terrence F. Ackerman, Carson Strong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

1. Paternalism in the Therapeutic Relationship 1.1 Ambivalence Toward Electroconvulsive Therapy 1.2 Treatment Refusal in the Medical Intensive Care Unit 1.3 An Uncooperative Leukemia Patient 1.4 Rehabilitation of a Dependent Patient 1.5 Alternative Approaches to Informed Consent 1.6 Previous Refusal of Treatment by a Presently Comatose Patient 1.7 A Family's Refusal of Blood Transfusions for a Mother and Her Son 1.8 Deciding Whether to Discharge a Suicidal Patient 1.9 A Request for Sex-Reassigning Surgery 1.10 Divulging Information Concerning an Infant's Condition 2. Duties to Patient and Family 2.1 A Daughter's Insistence on Aggressive Treatment 2.2 Parental Refusal of Cancer Treatment on Religious Grounds 2.3 Informed Consent and the Dying Adolescent 2.4 Treatment Refusal for an Infant with Possible Brain Damage 2.5 Venereal Disease and Adolescent Confidentiality 2.6 Contraceptives for an Adolescent 2.7 Request for Abortion for a Retarded Daughter 2.8 Request for Hysterectomy for a Retarded Eleven-Year-Old 2.9 Conflict About Maintaining a Brain-Dead Woman for the Sake of Her Fetus 2.10 Choosing the Method of Delivery for a Fetus with Hydrocephalus 3. Deciding for Others 3.1 A Bedridden and Cognitively Impaired Elderly Patient 3.2 Who Should Decide for a Patient in Persistent Vegetative State? 3.3 Nasogastric Tube Feedings for an Elderly Stroke Patient 3.4 A Prolonged Stay in the Neonatal ICU 3.5 Deciding Treatment When the Preliminary Diagnosis is Trisomy 18 3.6 Risk/Benefit Assessment of Surgery for a Child Suffering from Strokes 3.7 Responding to a Family's Decision for Laetrile 3.8 Selecting Therapy for a Mentally Retarded Teenager 3.9 Birth Control for a Retarded Woman 3.10 A Family's Lack of Commitment 4. Medical Research Involving Human Subjects 4.1 Limited Consent in Alcoholism Research 4.2 Disclosure of Preliminary Results in a Randomized Clinical Trial 4.3 Constraints on Consent in a Phase I Clinical Trial 4.4 Proxy Consent for Incompetent Trauma Patients 4.5 Undue Inducement in the Recruitment of Research Subjects 4.6 Nontherapeutic Research Procedures Involving Children 4.7 Discomfort from Repeated Nontherapeutic Research Procedures Involving Competent Adults 4.8 Physicians' Treatment Preferences and Recruitment of Subjects for a Randomized Clinical Trial 4.9 Parental Preferences and a Child's Involvement in a Randomized Clinical Trial 4.10 Compensating Research Injuries 5. Physicians, Third Parties, and Society 5.1 Request for Surgery the Physician Considers Unnecessary 5.2 Providing Free Care 5.3 Risk of Litigation as a Factor in Decision Making 5.4 Pressures to Provide Customary Care 5.5 Confidentiality and Child Abuse 5.6 Rejection of a Consultant's Advice 5.7 Abortion Resulting in a Live Birth 5.8 Costly Nutrition for a Terminal Patient 5.9 Cost Factors in the Choice of Treatment for Kidney Stone Disease 5.10 Artificial Insemination for a Single Woman Topical Index to Cases
Expression of periostin in human breast cancer: Biological and clinico-pathological correlations
Authors: F. Puglisi, A. Minisini, C. Andreetta, S. Russo, E. Pegolo, G. Pascoletti, M. Mansutti, G. Fasola, G. Damante, C. Di Loreto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21090 Background: Mesenchyme-specific genes are highly expressed by various types of human cancers. Recent lines of evidence suggest that periostin, a myoepithelial/basal gene, may play a role in the biology of breast cancer. Periostin is involved in metastatic process by taking part in mechanisms of adhesion and migration of epithelial cells. Furthermore, periostin seems to have a role in tumor angiogenesis through the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in endothelial cells. We aimed at investigating the immunohistochemical expression of periostin in breast cancer and its correlation with established biological and prognostic factors. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analysis of periostin in a consecutive series of 206 tumor samples from 200 patients with early breast carcinoma. To this aim, we used a specific antiperiostin antibody (Biovendor Laboratory Medicine, Inc., Palackeho 56, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic). The intensity of immunoreactivity was scored as 0, 1, 2 or 3 denoting negative, weak, moderate and strong staining, respectively. Therefore, for statistical analysis, the periostin expression level for each case was putatively defined as positive if the predominant intensity was =1. We also analyzed immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 (MIB-1), HER-2/neu, VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR- 2. Results: Periostin was found to be highly expressed by carcinoma cells, whereas it was absent in normal breast tissues. The pattern of expression was mainly cytoplasmic, although in some cases (11%) a nuclear reactivity was observed. A cytoplasmic expression was found in 108 out of 189 (57%) evaluable cases. Interestingly, a significant correlation was found between periostin expression and VEGF and VEGFR-1 (Spearman's rank test rho =0.37, p &lt;0.0001 and rho=0.26, p=0.0005, respectively). Conclusions: These results strengthen the hypothesis of a relationship between periostin and vascular endothelial growth factor system. The role of periostin in angiogenesis and in other relevant molecular pathways in breast carcinoma deserves to be further investigated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer patients in vivo (OSCC)
Authors: A. Psyrri, Z. Yu, B. Haffty, C. Sasaki, P. Weinberger, R. Camp, D. Rimm, B. Burtness
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5518 Background: EGFR is important target in OSCC. Dissecting the molecular events associated with activation of this pathway in OSCC patients in vivo presents an important challenge that has implications for the development and clinical testing of EGFR pathway inhibitors. Methods: The cohort was assembled from patients with primary OSCC treated at Yale with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or surgery and EBRT. Patients with metastases at presentation or those who failed to receive a full course of EBRT were excluded. Tumors were analyzed using a method of in situ quantitative protein expression analysis (AQUA) for expression of EGFR and downstream molecules (p-Akt, phosphatase PTEN and ERK2). AQUA uses molecular methods to define subcellular compartments. It then quantifies the amount of protein expressed within the compartment by co-localization. Primary study endpoints were local recurrence rate (LRR), disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test for determining statistical significance. Correlation of protein expression levels with clinical and pathological variables was performed by chi-square test. Results: There were 84 OSCC patients with a median follow-up of 35 months in this cohort that met inclusion criteria. High tumor and nuclear EGFR expression were predictive for high LRR (p=0.0078 and p=0.027, respectively) and inferior DFS {p= 0.029 and 0.038, respectively}. Low tumor p-Akt expression was protective against LRR (p=0.012) and was predictive for better DFS (p=0.04). High PTEN expression was predictive for low LLR (p=0.005) and favorable DFS (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis adjusting for known prognostic variables these markers retained their prognostic significance. There was no association between ERK2 levels and outcome. There was no association between EGFR and p-Akt levels. To the contrary, PTEN and p-Akt levels were highly inversely correlated (p<0.005). Conclusions: The lack of association between EGFR and p-Akt suggests that Akt activation in OSCC is not entirely EGFR-dependent. Therefore, combination of EGFR and Akt inhibitors may be useful therapeutic strategy in OSCC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration HistoRx HistoRx HistoRx
Abstract 200: Temporal Relationship Between Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Plasma High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Levels in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Authors: Ilaria Russo, Lidia Staszewsky, Francesca Fumagalli, Serge Masson, Roberto Latini, Giuseppe Ristagno
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction. Post resuscitation left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is one of the leading causes of death after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Impairment in cardiac myofilament cross-bridge cycling and the associated degradation and release of cardiac troponins (cTn) concur to depressed contractile function. We hypothesized that the severity of myocardial dysfunction would be associated with plasma cTn levels following cardiac arrest in rats. Methods. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 17 rats and was untreated for 6 min. CPR, including mechanical chest compressions, ventilation, and epinephrine, was then initiated and continued for additional 6 min prior to defibrillations. Two, 4, and 72 hr following ROSC, LV morphology, systolic and diastolic function were assessed by echocardiography. Animals were then sacrificed, plasma collected and high sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) assayed. Additional 5 rats were not subjected to cardiac arrest and served as controls. Results. At 2 and 4 hr post ROSC, LV end-diastolic volume was enlarged compared to controls (+22% and +25%, respectively) but similar at 72 hr. LVEF was lower than in control rats at 2 and 4 hr following ROSC (Fig., left pannel), but similar at 72 hr. Post ROSC deceleration time (DT) of the E wave showed similar trends (Fig., middle pannel). Plasma release of hs-cTnT increased at 2 and 4 hr post ROSC compared to controls, but was similar at 72 hr (Fig., right pannel). LVEF and DT were significantly inversely correlated with hs-cTnT (r=-0.89, p&lt;0.0001 and r=-0.53, p=0.014). Conclusions. A strong relationship between LVEF and circulating hs-cTnT was observed at different time points following ROSC. Normal LV function at 72 hr post ROSC indicates that myocardial viability was preserved even after remarkable TnT release.
Abstract 4353: Economic Burden of Prolonged Hyponatremia in Patients Admitted with Congestive Hear Failure (CHF) and Hyponatremia
Authors: Ying P Tabak, Marya Zilberberg, James Spalding, Xiaowu Sun, Yan Liu, Vikas Gupta, Andrew F Shorr
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction : Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality present in patients hospitalized with CHF. Hypothesis : We sought to evaluate that the rate of correction of hyponatremia impacts the length of stay (LOS) and associated hospitalization cost. Methods : We analyzed 9,427 hyponatremic (Na&lt;135 mEq/L) CHF patients hospitalized in 2003–2006 across 72 hospitals. Based on evaluation of hospital survival, we found a lower mortality with a Na rate of rise in the first 48 hours of 1– 6 mEq/L (favorable group). We conducted multivariable regression to estimate the effect of Na management on LOS and cost, controlling for baseline Na, admission severity, mortality status, and interaction of severity and mortality. Hospitalization cost was calculated by hospital and calendar year using the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) cost/charge ratios. Findings : The overall in-hospital mortality was 5.7%. The rate of favorable Na management within 48 hours of hospitalization was 60% (n=5,647). About 38% (n=3,557) patients had hyponatremia status unchanged or further deteriorated from baseline (prolonged hyponatremia). Another 2% (n=218) had Na corrected more than 7.0 mEq/L. After adjusting for confounders, the prolonged hyponatremia group showed 0.71 day increase in the LOS (95% CI: 0.45, 0.97 days; p&lt;.0001) and $1,324 excess cost (95% CI: $569, $2,079; p&lt;.001). The overcorrection group did not show significant difference in LOS and cost from the favorable Na group. Conclusions : Only 60% CHF patients with admission hyponatremia are managed favorably in regards to the rate of serum Na correction. The adjusted mean marginal excess LOS of prolonged hyponatremia is about 1 day and the excess cost is over $1,300. Recognition and institution of measures to insure an appropriate and predictable rate of Na correction are needed in order to improve economic outcomes among hyponatremic patients with CHF.
BACK SEAT PASSENGERS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE CHANNEL TOLD TO BELT UP
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The British Government proposes extending the law on seat belts to include adults in the rear seats of cars and taxis by July 1991. The main points of the proposals are: (a) compliance with the regulation would be the responsibility of the passenger and not the driver: (b) rear seat belts would not need to be fitted in cars not already equipped with them (i.e. those produced before 1987); and (c) passengers holding a medical certificate would be exempted from the regulation, as would those passengers in a car in which there were too many people for them all to be wearing a seat belt. It is estimated that at least 100 lives would be saved and 1000 serious injuries prevented each year by this legislation. In France, two recent studies, one by pathologist Claude Got and one by the Gendarmerie Nationale, have found that fatalities are three times more common amongst passengers not wearing seat belts. Nine hundred back seat passengers were killed in France in 1989, a number that could be halved by the wearing of seat belts. In France the compulsory wearing of rear seat belts is one of several measures taken to reduce road death fatalities. At present children under 10 years of age are exempt, although the Transport Ministry has made recommendations for special cribs and safety chairs for this age group. Legislation concerning child protection in cars will be adopted for 1992. The speed limit in cities has also been reduced from 60 kph to 50 kph, and this is expected to reduce fatalities in cities by about a fifth. (Author/TRRL)
Abstract 18065: Combining Echo Doppler and CT Derived LVOT Measurements Improve Accuracy of Continuity Equation Based Aortic Valve Area Determination
Authors: Sami Alnasser, Asim Cheema, Vamshi Kotha, Djeven Deva, Jeremy Edwards, Christopher E Buller, Mark Peterson, David Latter, Osama Benhomeid, Laura Finken, Robert J Chisholm
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) measurement by Echo falsely assumes circular LVOT with implications for aortic valve area (AVA) determined using continuity equation. In this study, we investigated the utility of combining Echo Doppler and computed tomography (CT) based LVOT area for precise AVA assessment. Methods: AVA-echo was calculated using continuity equation and standard echocardiography techniques. CT-LVOT area was measured by 3 independent readers. Blinded measurements were obtained in candidates for percutaneous aortic valve replacement. AVA-CT was calculated using CT-LVOT area and echo Doppler measurements. The inter-observer variability for CT-LVOT area and correlation between AVA-echo and AVA-CT was analyzed using intra-class (ICC) and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Complete data for 66 patients was analyzed. The ICC for CT derived LVOT measurement by three observers was 0.96 demonstrating excellent reliability. The LVOT area by echo was significantly smaller than that obtained by CT (3.43±0.8 vs. 4.45±1.2 cm2, p&lt;0.0001) and showing moderate correlation (r=0.66, p=0.006). Similarly, the AVA-echo was significantly lower compared to AVA-CT (0.76±0.46 vs. 0.97±0.53 cm2, p&lt;0.0001). The correlation coefficient for AVA-echo and AVA-CT was 0.7 (p &lt; 0.0001), 0.4 (p=0.06) and 0.9 (p&lt;0.0001) for AVA-echo of 0.8 cm2 respectively. The regression analysis showed that AVA-CT could be predicted by applying a correction factor to the AVA-echo as AVA-CT = AVA-echo x 1.1+0.14. Conclusion: CT provides accurate and reliable LVOT assessment. Combining CT-LVOT and echo Doppler measurements result in a larger AVA compared to AVA-echo representing a true anatomic measurement. These findings have important implications for grading of aortic stenosis and management of patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis.