tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Modelling changes in sleep timing and duration across the lifespan: Changes in circadian rhythmicity or sleep homeostasis?
Authors: Anne C Skeldon, Gianne Derks, Derk-Jan Dijk
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2015)

Sleep changes across the lifespan, with a delay in sleep timing and a reduction in slow wave sleep seen in adolescence, followed by further reductions in slow wave sleep but a gradual drift to earlier timing during healthy ageing. The mechanisms underlying changes in sleep timing are unclear: are they primarily related to changes in circadian processes, or to a reduction in the neural activity dependent build up of homeostatic sleep pressure during wake, or both? We review existing studies of age-related changes to sleep and explore how mathematical models can explain observed changes. Model simulations show that typical changes in sleep timing and duration, from adolesence to old age, can be understood in two ways: either as a consequence of a simultaneous reduction in the amplitude of the circadian wake-propensity rhythm and the neural activity dependent build-up of homeostatic sleep pressure during wake; or as a consequence of reduced homeostatic sleep pressure alone. A reduction in the homeostatic pressure also explains greater vulnerability of sleep to disruption and reduced daytime sleep-propensity in healthy ageing. This review highlights the important role of sleep homeostasis in sleep timing. It shows that the same phenotypic response may have multiple underlying causes, and identifies aspects of sleep to target to correct delayed sleep in adolescents and advanced sleep in later life.
Chronic Pancreatic Disorders, Diabetic and Non-Diabetic
Authors: Anthony Bassler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 August 1928Chronic Pancreatic Disorders, Diabetic and Non-DiabeticANTHONY BASSLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.ANTHONY BASSLER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-2-192 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe importance of the pancreas as an organ in the economy is best expressed in the fact that a continuous loss of pancreatic fluid is fatal and death occurs in a few days after the removal of the gland. Compared to this continued loss of gastric juice, its absence, and even removal of the stomach, or the continuous loss of or blocking of bile, or loss of duodenal secretion, are without lethal effect.Up to and since the work of Opie (2) but little in the way of investigation has been done in disorders of the pancreas (other than such...(1) WATERSBOLLMAN : American Medical Association Journal, November 26, 1927. Vol. 89, p.p 1847. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(2) OPIE EL: Diseases of the Pancreas, Cause and Treatment. Google Scholar(3) BASSLER A: Archives of Internal Medicine, February, 1925. Vol. 35, p.p. 162-174. CrossrefGoogle Scholar(4) BASSLER A: Archives of Internal Medicine. Ibid. Google Scholar(5) BASSLERLUTZ AJR: Medical Journal and Record, September 2nd and 16th, 1925. Google Scholar(6) JOSLIN EP: The Treatment of Diabetes, p.p. 476-477. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York City*Read before the American College of Physicians, New Orleans Clinical Week, March 8, 1928. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1928Volume 2, Issue 2Page: 192-202KeywordsBilePancreasStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Thrombin Generation and Low Molecular Weight Heparin Prophylaxis In Pregnant Women With Thrombophilia
Authors: Anna Selmeczi, Rachel E. J. Roach, Csaba More, Zoltan Batta, Gyorgy Pfliegler, Jolan Harsfalvi, Johanna G. van der Bom, Zoltan Boda, Zsolt Olah
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 16934: UC1002, a Carboxyl Ester Lipase Inhibitor, Raises HDL in CETP Transgenic Mice and Increases Reverse Cholesterol Transport, and Also Lowers LDL and VLDL in Mice Fed Western Diet
Authors: Philip Howles, Laura Bailey, Jennifer Jones, Jennifer Thornicroft, Eric Hu, Jiang Wang, David Y Hui
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Raising HDL and increasing reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) are believed to lower cardiovascular risk independently of decreasing LDL. We recently documented increased RCT in carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) knockout mice by a mechanism that involves both increased biliary transport of HDL cholesteryl ester and lack of cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in intestine. We have also shown that lack of CEL in mice expressing CETP raises serum HDL due to increased hepatic production. Objective: To test the efficacy of CEL inhibitor, UC1002, with respect to increasing RCT and raising HDL in CETP transgenic mice; to test the efficacy of UC1002 in reversing hyperlipidemia in Western diet-fed CETP transgenic mice. Methods: Wild type C57BL/6 mice or C57BL/6 mice with a CETP transgene were given UC1002 daily for 2 weeks in chow at doses of 50-150 mg/kg b.w. (n = 6-12). Sterol excretion was measured before and after treatment or was measured in control groups fed normal chow. HDL was measured by heparin/Mn precipitation or by FPLC fractionation. A cohort of CETP transgenic mice heterozygous for LDL receptor deletion was fed Western diet for 16 weeks followed by 6 weeks of diet with UC1002+simvastatin, statin alone, or no drug treatment (6 per group). At the end of the test period, serum lipids, lipoproteins, and liver enzymes were quantified, and tissues harvested. Results: Maximum efficacy was achieved at 100 mg/kg of UC1002, which increased fecal sterol excretion by 60% (P = 0.005), and, In CETP mice, raised HDL by 26% (44.4 ± 6.5% to 56.0 ± 3.2% of plasma cholesterol, P = 0.005). In Western diet fed CETP/LDLR+/− mice, UC1002+statin reduced triglycerides 54% (P &lt; 0.001), reduced LDL 26% (P = 0.002), and raised HDL 14% (P = 0.003) compared to statin alone. Serum ALT was reduced 67% (P = 0.016) by the combined treatment compared to no treatment. Liver histology indicated ∼50% less necrosis and macrosteatosis with both treatment regimens. No pathology was associated with UC1002. Conclusions: CEL inhibitor UC1002 improves reverse cholesterol transport and serum lipoprotein profiles in CETP mice with diet-induced dyslipidemia similar to that in humans. Thus, targeted CEL inhibition may be a novel strategy for treatment of hyperlipidemia to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease.
MILITARY MEDICINE: THE OLD AND THE NEW
Authors: Charles C. Hillman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Article1 March 1944MILITARY MEDICINE: THE OLD AND THE NEWCHARLES C. HILLMAN, F.A.C.P.CHARLES C. HILLMAN, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-3-361 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptProgress, whether it be natural, political, or scientific, rarely proceeds long at a uniform rate. The unceasing effects of erosion and climatic cycles on the earth's surface are interspersed with earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other cataclysmic events that accomplish in minutes or hours changes ordinarily requiring centuries or possibly millions of years. Armed invasions effect political changes that otherwise would require generations or possibly not occur at all. Likewise in the fields of science, war is a force that quickens progress to an enormous degree. Nowhere is this effect better represented than in the science of medicine.No branch of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U. S. ARMY*Presented at the South Central States Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians at New Orleans, La., April 16-17, 1943. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1944Volume 20, Issue 3Page: 361-366KeywordsMilitary medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1944 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1944, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Endocardial Radiofrequency Ablation for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Thorsten Lawrenz, Bianca Borchert, Christian Leuner, Markus Bartelsmeier, Jens Reinhardt, Claudia Strunk-Mueller, Dorothee Meyer Zu Vilsendorf, Marc Schloesser, Gerald Beer, Frank Lieder, Christoph Stellbrink, Horst Kuhn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Molecular cloning of complex chromosomal translocation t(8;14;12)(q24.1;q32.3;q24.1) in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line defines a new gene (BCL7A) with homology to caldesmon
Authors: VJ Zani, N Asou, D Jadayel, JM Heward, J Shipley, E Nacheva, K Takasuki, D Catovsky, MJ Dyer
Journal: Blood (1996)
Abstract 4211: Depth of Myocardial Bridges on Computed Tomographic Angiography is Associated with Myocardial Perfusion Defects on Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography
Authors: James J Jang, Ashok Krishnaswami, Mateo Go, Kenneth S Battaglia
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Although considered a relatively benign congenital coronary anomaly, myocardial bridges have been associated with myocardial ischemia, infarctions, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of myocardial bridges on computed tomographic angiography (CTA) associated with abnormal defects on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). A retrospective study was performed to identify patients who had myocardial bridges detected by 64-slice multidetector cardiac CTA and prior stress single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPI. Using axial, oblique, and curved multi-planar reformatted images, myocardial bridge characteristics, including length and maximum depth of the tunneled segments, were compared in patients with and without corresponding coronary perfusion defects on SPECT MPI. From a total of 272 patients who had both SPECT MPI and cardiac CTA performed, 23 patients (8%, males= 9, mean age= 57 years) were identified with myocardial bridges. The left anterior descending artery was the predominant affected coronary artery (20/23, 87%). Eight patients (35%) with myocardial bridges had corresponding perfusion defects on SPECT MPI. Increased depth of the tunneled segment was significantly associated with abnormal SPECT MPI compared to normal SPECT MPI (4.1 ± 2.0mm vs. 1.9 ± 0.9mm, respectively, p&lt; 0.002). The length of the tunneled segment did not differ in patients with or without abnormal SPECT MPI (27.8 ± 15.6mm vs. 20.9 ± 12.6mm, respectively, p=0.26). This is the first study to correlate SPECT MPI and 64-slice multidetector cardiac CTA in the evaluation of myocardial bridges. Increased maximum depth of the tunneled segment on cardiac CTA is significantly associated with myocardial perfusion defects.
Abstract 1448: Enhanced Foam Cell Formation, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor knockout Mice with a Combined Deletion of Macrophage SR-BI and ABCA1.
Authors: Miranda Van Eck, Marieke Pennings, Ying Zhao, Reeni B Hildebrand, Giovanna Chimini, Theo Van Berkel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

ABCA1 mediates the efflux of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells to lipid-poor apoAI, while SR-BI promotes efflux to mature HDL. To get further insight into the putative synergistic roles of ABC...
Expressing the dose of adrenaline in milligrams is easier
Authors: S. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

teaching, intraosseous access may be secured without difficulty and should be considered in any paediatric emergency in which intravenous access cannot be secured promptly.Bolus and infusion doses of adrenaline can be given safely by this route, as can other pharmacological agents recommended in anaphylaxis.In children with signs of upper airway ob- struction caused by laryngeal mucosal oedema, nebulised adrenaline may lead to prompt resolution of stridor.5It should be given as a dose of either 0 05 ml of a 2-25% (racemic) solution/kg diluted to 2 ml with normal saline or, more conveniently, as 0 5 ml of a 1/1000 solution/kg (to a maximum of 5 ml).The child whose clinical history prompted Fisher's review would probably have benefited from this treatment.Finally, in both his article and the summary in "This week in BMY" Fisher states that oxygen should be given in severe anaphylaxis.We prefer the recommendations of the Association of Anaes- thetists of Great Britain and Ireland that oxygen should be given in all cases ofanaphylaxis regardless of the initial severity.3Hypoxaemia will develop quickly if a patient suddenly develops airway obstruction as a late complication of an initially mild attack.
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Authors: S. Dealler
Journal: BMJ (1996)

# Disease is due to pressure on farming industry {#article-title-2}

EDITOR,—I agree with A J McMichael's statement that bovine spongiform encephalopathy may in some way be due to the build up of pressure on the farming industry.1 As a researcher into the disease I have had to investigate the reasons why it has occurred in Britain and apparently not elsewhere. It became clear to me that the economics of the highly efficient system in Britain were involved.

Farmers in Britain are commonly tenants, and so their rent can increase when profits increase (for example, due to the common agricultural …
Abstract 16180: Hemodynamic Impact of Histological Abnormalities in the Pulmonary Trunk in Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Ryo Inuzuka, Masaya Sugimoto, Hirofumi Saiki, Satoshi Masutani, Hideaki Senzaki
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Recent histological studies in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) have revealed a reduction in normal elastic fibers in the pulmonary trunk as in the ascending aorta in Marfan sy...
Delusions: when to confront the facts of life
Authors: M Rudden, M Gilmore, A Frances
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

Research indicates that patients do not hold delusions with as fixed a certainty as has been believed. Confrontation with reality may have an important role in the evaluation and treatment of delusional patients. The authors suggest four factors that may help predict the value of reality confrontation in a given clinical situation: 1) how understandable the delusion is in the context of the patient's life, 2) the degree of conviction with which the patient holds the delusion, 3) the phase in development of the delusional beliefs, and 4) the diagnosis of the patient.
Modelling of the influenza A(H1N1)v outbreak in Mexico City, April-May 2009, with control sanitary measures
Authors: G Cruz-Pacheco, L Duran, L Esteva, A A Minzoni, M López-Cervantes, P Panayotaros, A Ahued Ortega, I Villaseñor Ruíz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

We use a time dependent modification of the Kermack and McKendrick model to study the evolution of the influenza A(H1N1)v epidemic reported in the Mexico City area under the control measures used during April and May 2009. The model illustrates how the sanitary measures postponed the peak of the epidemic and decreased its intensity. It provides quantitative predictions on the effect of relaxing the sanitary measures after a period of control. We show how the sanitary measures reduced the maximal prevalence of the infected population from 10% to less than 6% of the total population. We also show how the model predicts the time of maximal prevalence and explains the effect of the control measures.
Impotence responsive to glyceryl trinitrate
Authors: J W Mudd
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The author presents suggestive evidence that glyceryl trinitrate served to treat and diagnose atherosclerotic impotence in a man with psychogenic impotence. The prevalence of atherosclerotic impotence is not known but may be relatively high in older men. Vasodilators may be effective in diagnosing these patients, who do not have clear signs of arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities (e.g., Leriche's syndrome). The author postulates a pharmacological interaction between organic nitrates and imipramine.
Lack of Bcl-2 Expression At Presentation Characterizes Burkitts Leukemia Carrying the Typical T(8 14) Or the Variant T(8 22), and Caucasian Burkitts-lymphoma
Authors: Jean-Luc Gala, Christiane Vermylen, Guy Cornu, Marc De Bruyère, Jl. Michaux, P. Martiat
Journal: Blood (1993)
Abstract 17816: Accuracy of Noninvasive Indices of Left Ventricular Systolic Chamber Function. A Human Simultaneous Pressure-Volume and Echocardiographic Study.
Authors: Raquel Yotti, Javier Bermejo, Yolanda Benito, Teresa Mombiela, Cristina Ripoll, Ricardo Sanz, Alicia Benito, Jaime Elizaga, Rafael Banares, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Indices derived from the pressure-volume relationship are the reference methods to evaluate LV global systolic chamber function. Noninvasive approximations of these indices are used in population-based studies, but a specific validation study in humans is lacking.   Methods:  Nineteen patients (3 chest pain, 7 dilated cardiomyopathy, and 9 evaluation for liver-transplantation) underwent simultaneous LV catheterization and Doppler-echocardiography. A high-fidelity LV pressure-conductance catheter was calibrated using the hypertonic technique. Pressure-volume loops were obtained during transient caval occlusion. Reference indices, maximal elastance (Emax), and preload-recruitable stroke-work (PRSW) were measured from the end-systolic pressure-volume and the stroke work-volume relationships, respectively. The following noninvasive surrogates were estimated: 1) single-beat end-systolic elastance (Ees), PRSW, and Emax; 2) global peak systolic circunferencial strain, and strain rate (speckle-tracking), 3) ejection fraction, and 4) peak ejection intraventricular pressure difference (EIVPD, color-Doppler M-mode digital processing).   Results:  No complications were observed during the invasive procedure, and pressure-volume curves were not suitable for measurement in two patients. A wide range of LV volume (127±50 ml), ejection fraction (EF: 0.51±0.20) and systemic vascular resistance (1261±645 dynes·s/cm5) was observed. Agreement between noninvasive indices and reference methods is shown in the Table.   Conclusions:  Noninvasive approximations are limited to characterize global LV systolic chamber function in patients. The Doppler-derived peak EIVDP best correlates with reference indices, and should be preferred for assessing the state of global LV systolic chamber function.
Impact of Side Branch Modeling on Computation of Endothelial Shear Stress in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Yingguang Li, Juan Luis Gutiérrez-Chico, Niels R. Holm, Wenjie Yang, Lasse Hebsgaard, Evald H. Christiansen, Michael Mæng, Jens F. Lassen, Fuhua Yan, Johan H.C. Reiber, Shengxian Tu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Analysis of the Human Interleukin-6/Human Interleukin-6 Receptor Binding Interface at the Amino Acid Level: Proposed Mechanism of Interaction
Authors: Michael Kalai, Fèlix A. Montero-Julian, Joachim Grötzinger, Véronique Fontaine, Paul Vandenbussche, Rudi Deschuyteneer, Axel Wollmer, Hervé Brailly, Jean Content
Journal: Blood (1997)
PHYSICIANS OF THE MACHINE AGE
Authors: D W BRONK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1947)

Article1 April 1947PHYSICIANS OF THE MACHINE AGEDETLEV W. BRONKDETLEV W. BRONKSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-26-4-489 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHumanity has entered a new era. As we speak of the Bronze Age or the Iron Age, we must today speak of the Machine Age. André Siegfried, the distinguished French political philosopher, has recently reminded us that Europeans are disposed to call it also the American Age. For, if it was in Europe that the principles of modern large-scale production were conceived, it was in the United States that they were first put into practice completely and whole-heartedly. This places heavy requirements of leadership on the American people for shaping the human consequences of this new era; it makes unique... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DETLEV W. BRONKAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania*Convocation address, Twenty-Seventh Annual Session, American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, May 15, 1946. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThermal alteration of oleic acid in the presence of clay catalysts with co-catalysts 1 April 1947Volume 26, Issue 4 Page: 489-495 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1947 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1947, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 19195: Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility Index Predicts Right Ventricular Failure Following LVAD Surgery
Authors: Kevin J Morine, Michael S Kiernan, Duc T Pham, David Denofrio, Navin K Kapur
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Identification of pre-operative right ventricular dysfunction may improve patient selection for isolated LVAD surgery. The pulmonary artery pulsatility index (PaPi) is a recently described hemodynamic metric. We evaluated baseline PaPi as a predictor of post-operative right ventricular failure (RVF) following LVAD surgery. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 132 consecutive LVAD implantations at our hospital. Demographic, clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic data were evaluated for their association with the development of RVF. RVF was defined as need for RVAD or inotrope dependence for greater than 14 days. PaPi was calculated as [(systolic pulmonary artery pressure-diastolic pulmonary artery pressure)/right atrial (RA) pressure]. Univariate analysis was performed to identify baseline predictors of RVF. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for baseline RA pressure. Results: RVF occurred in 31 of 132 patients (23%); all cases were due to prolonged inotropes. PaPi was lower among patients with RVF compared to those without (no RVF: mean 2.75± SD1.17 vs RVF: 1.38±0.46, P&lt;0.0001). RA pressure, RA to pulmonary capillary wedge pressure ratio (RA/PCWP) and RV stroke work index (RVSWI) were also associated with RVF. Previously identified markers of RV function including mean pulmonary artery pressure and qualitative RV dysfunction by 2D echo were not associated with RVF. Comparison of the area under the curve from receiver operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that a PaPi&lt;1.85 was most predictive of RVF (Figure). PaPi remained an independent predictor of RVF after adjusting for RA pressure in a multivariate model. Conclusions: PaPi is a routinely available and easily calculated hemodynamic variable associated with RVF following LVAD surgery superior to established markers. Further evaluation of PaPi as part of a risk prediction model to guide clinical decision making may be warranted.