tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma Lipid Metabolites, Clinical Glycemic Predictors, and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Arjana Begzati, Karla P. Godinez-Macias, Tao Long, Jeramie D. Watrous, Rafael Moranchel, Edward D. Kantz, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Aki S. Havulinna, Teemu J. Niiranen, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Bing Yu, Faye Norby, Casey M. Rebholz, Elizabeth Selvin, Elizabeth A. Winzeler, Susan Cheng, Mona Alotaibi, Ravi Goyal, Trey Ideker, Mohit Jain, Amit R. Majithia
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Plasma metabolite profiling has uncovered several nonglycemic markers of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated whether such biomarkers provide information about specific aspects of T2D etiology, such as impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, and whether their association with T2D risk varies by race. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Untargeted plasma metabolite profiling was performed of participants in the FINRISK 2002 cohort (n = 7,564). Cox regression modeling was conducted to identify metabolites associated with incident T2D during 14 years of follow-up. Metabolites were clustered into pathways using Gaussian graphical modeling. Clusters enriched for T2D biomarkers were further examined for covariation with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2hPG), HbA1c, or fasting insulin. Validation analyses and tests of interaction with race were performed in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. RESULTS Two clusters of metabolites, representing diacylglycerols (DAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs), contained the largest number of metabolite associations with incident T2D. DAGs associated with increased T2D incidence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22; 95% CI 1.14–1.30) independent of FPG, HbA1c, and fasting insulin, but not 2hPG. PCs were inversely associated with T2D risk (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.71–0.85) independent of FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, and fasting insulin. No significant interaction between DAGs or PCs and race was observed. CONCLUSIONS Fasting DAGs may capture information regarding T2D risk similar to that represented by 2hPG; PCs may capture aspects of T2D etiology that differ from those represented by conventional biomarkers. The direction of effect and strength of DAG and PC associations with incident T2D are similar across European and African Americans.
Pharmacologic treatments for gastroparesis
Authors: Michael Camilleri, Kara J Jencks
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2025)

Gastroparesis is a neurogastrointestinal disorder of motility in which patients experience symptoms of nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety, postprandial fullness, upper abdominal discomfort or pain, and delayed gastric emptying of solids based on scintigraphy or stable isotope breath test when mechanical obstruction has been excluded. Symptoms of gastroparesis may result from diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, including antroduodenal hypomotility, pylorospasm, increased gastric accommodation, and visceral hypersensitivity. The most common etiologies of gastroparesis are idiopathic, diabetic, and postsurgical, and less frequent causes are neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's disease), myopathies (scleroderma, amyloidosis), medication-induced (glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and opioid agents), and paraneoplastic syndrome. This review addresses pharmacologic management of gastroparesis including prokinetic and antiemetic agents, pharmacologic agents targeting the pylorus, and effects of neuromodulators. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gastroparesis is a neurogastrointestinal motility disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying without mechanical obstruction with numerous upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and vomiting. The management of gastroparesis involves nutritional support, medications, and procedures. The only Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for gastroparesis is metoclopramide. This article reviews the pharmacology and efficacy of all classes of antiemetics or prokinetic effects used in gastroparesis. There is still a considerable unmet need for efficacious medications specifically for the treatment of gastroparesis, especially in refractory cases.
Uncommon Breast Metastasis From Rectal Carcinoma Clearly Revealed on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT
Authors: Liu Xiao, Li Li, Lin Li, Wenjie Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Breast metastasis from rectal carcinoma is very rare. We report a case of imaging findings of breast metastasis in a 31-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic radical tumor resection 8 months ago. 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed 4 small breast nodules with intense 68 Ga-FAPI uptake (SUV max , 9.22) but slight 18 F-FDG uptake (SUV max , 1.95). Needle biopsy supported a diagnosis of metastasis from rectal adenocarcinoma.
68Ga-Pentixafor PET in Combination With MRI Improves the Differential Diagnosis of Glioblastoma and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Zhenying Chen, Huimin Liu, Apeng Yang, Jingwei Liao, Zanyi Wu, Junmin Chen, Weibing Miao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purposes This study aims to investigate the diagnostic performance of combining 68 Ga-pentixafor PET with MRI to differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma (GBM), particularly focusing on atypical lymphoma identification. Patients and Methods Seventy-one PCNSL and 53 GBM patients who underwent both 68 Ga-pentixafor PET/CT and MRI were retrospectively included. We evaluated the quantitative imaging parameters and MRI features of positive lesions, identifying atypical PCNSL by hemorrhage, necrosis, or heterogeneous enhancement. Logistic regression identified key variables, and the ROC-AUC evaluated their diagnostic value. Immunohistochemistry for CXCR4 was performed. Results PCNSLs, including 23 atypical cases, showed higher SUV max and TBR, and lower MTV, ADC min , and relative ADC min (rADC min ) than GBMs (all P ’s &lt; 0.05). The CXCR4 staining in PCNSL was also more pronounced in GBM ( P = 0.048). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that a combination of TBR, MTV, and ADC min (quantitative model 1) had a superior AUC of 0.913 in distinguishing PCNSL from GBM, outperforming single parameters (all P ’s &lt; 0.05). For differentiating atypical PCNSL from GBM, single quantitatively parameters showed moderate performance (AUC, 0.655–0.767). Further combining TBR with ADC min (quantitative model 2) significantly improve the AUC to 0.883. Multiparameter models, incorporating significant quantitative and qualitative MRI features, achieved AUCs of 0.953 (PCNSL vs GBM) and 0.902 (atypical PCNSL vs GBM), significantly outperforming single parameters (all P ’s &lt; 0.05). Conclusions 68 Ga-pentixafor PET in combination with MRI provides valuable diagnostic information in differentiating PCNSL from GBM, especially for atypical PCNSL.
Biodistribution and Dosimetry Evaluation of the Radiolabeled Somatostatin Receptor Antagonist 68Ga-DATA5m LM4 in Molecular Imaging of Well-Differentiated Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Patients
Authors: Sanjana Ballal, Parvind Sheokand, Madhav P. Yadav, Frank Roesch, Rahul Viswanathan, Swayamjeet Satapathy, Madhavi Tripathi, Euy Sung Moon, Prashant Mishra, Sameer Rastogi, Shipra Agarwal, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

This study aimed to assess the biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 68 Ga-DATA 5m LM4 in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Eight patients (5 females and 3 males) with various gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were included in the study. Each patient underwent 3 whole-body PET scans at 10, 60, and 120 minutes after receiving an IV injection of approximately 162.5 MBq of 68 Ga-DATA 5m LM4. Organs considered for dosimetric analysis included the liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, and lumbar vertebrae (L2 to L4). Dosimetric calculations were performed using the OLINDA/EXM 2.2 software. Physiological uptake of 68 Ga-DATA 5m LM4 was observed in the pituitary gland, spleen, liver, adrenal glands, and the urinary tract (kidneys and urinary bladder) for all patients. The kidneys received the highest absorbed doses at (4.77E-02 ± 1.49E-02 mSv/MBq). The mean effective dose was 2.61E-03 ± 5.99E-04 mSv/MBq. 68 Ga-DATA 5m LM4 injection is safe and is primarily excreted through urine, delivering the highest radiation dose to the kidneys.
Datopotamab Deruxtecan in Advanced or Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Actionable Genomic Alterations: Results From the Phase II TROPION-Lung05 Study
Authors: Jacob Sands, Myung-Ju Ahn, Aaron Lisberg, Byoung Chul Cho, George Blumenschein, Elaine Shum, Elvire Pons Tostivint, Yasushi Goto, Kiyotaka Yoh, Rebecca Heist, Junichi Shimizu, Jong-Seok Lee, Paul Baas, David Planchard, Maurice Pérol, Enriqueta Felip, Wu-Chou Su, Hong Zebger-Gong, Lan Lan, Chelsea Liu, Paul Howarth, Rachel Chiaverelli, Luis Paz-Ares
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is a trophoblast cell-surface antigen-2–directed antibody-drug conjugate with a highly potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. The TROPION-Lung05 phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04484142 ) evaluated the safety and clinical activity of Dato-DXd in patients with advanced/metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with actionable genomic alterations progressing on or after targeted therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received Dato-DXd 6 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by blinded independent central review. Secondary end points included duration of response (DOR), safety, tolerability, and survival. RESULTS Among 137 patients who received at least 1 dose of Dato-DXd, 71.5% received at least three lines of prior therapies for advanced/metastatic disease. Overall, 56.9% had EGFR mutations and 24.8% had ALK rearrangements. Median treatment duration was 4.4 months (range, 0.7-20.6). The confirmed ORR was 35.8% (95% CI, 27.8 to 44.4) overall, and 43.6% (95% CI, 32.4 to 55.3) and 23.5% (95% CI, 10.7 to 41.2) in those with EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements, respectively. The median DOR was 7.0 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 9.8), and the overall disease control rate was 78.8% (95% CI, 71.0 to 85.3). Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 28.5% of patients. The most common TRAE was stomatitis (preferred term; any grade: 56.2%; grade ≥3: 9.5%). Five (3.6%) patients experienced adjudicated treatment-related interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, with 1 (0.7%) grade 5 event. CONCLUSION Encouraging and durable antitumor activity was observed with Dato-DXd in this heavily pretreated advanced/metastatic NSCLC population with actionable genomic alterations. The rate of treatment-related grade ≥3 toxicities was comparable with previous observations, and no new safety signals were observed.
Trastuzumab Plus Pertuzumab Versus Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Patients With <i>RAS/BRAF</i> Wild-Type, HER2-Positive, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (S1613): A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav, Katherine A. Guthrie, Benjamin Tan, Crystal S. Denlinger, Marwan Fakih, Michael J. Overman, N. Arvind Dasari, Larry R. Corum, Lee G. Hicks, Mital S. Patel, Benjamin T. Esparaz, Syed M. Kazmi, Nitya Alluri, Sarah Colby, Sepideh Gholami, Philip J. Gold, E. Gabriela Chiorean, Scott Kopetz, Howard S. Hochster, Philip A. Philip
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE ERBB2 overexpression/amplification in RAS/BRAF wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]-positive mCRC) appears to be associated with limited benefit from anti-EGFR antibodies and promising responses to dual-HER2 inhibition; however, comparative efficacy has not been investigated. We conducted a randomized phase II trial to evaluate efficacy and safety of dual-HER2 inhibition against standard-of-care anti-EGFR antibody–based therapy as second/third-line treatment in HER2-positive mCRC. METHODS Patients with RAS/BRAF -WT mCRC after central confirmation of HER2 positivity (immunohistochemistry 3+ or 2+ and in situ hybridization amplified [HER2/CEP17 ratio &gt;2.0]) were assigned (1:1) to either trastuzumab plus pertuzumab (TP; trastuzumab 6 mg/kg and pertuzumab 420 mg once every 3 weeks) or cetuximab plus irinotecan (CETIRI; cetuximab 500 mg/m 2 and irinotecan 180 mg/m 2 once every 2 weeks) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Crossover to TP was allowed after progression on CETIRI. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival, safety, and HER2 gene copy number (GCN ≥20/&lt;20) as a predictive factor. RESULTS Between October 2017 and March 2022, 54 participants were assigned to TP (n = 26) and CETIRI (n = 28). Median PFS did not vary significantly by treatment: 4.7 (95% CI, 1.9 to 7.6) and 3.7 (95% CI, 1.6 to 6.7) months in the TP and CETIRI groups, respectively. Efficacy of TP versus CETIRI differed significantly by HER2 GCN (median PFS, GCN ≥20 [9.9 v 2.9 months] and GCN &lt;20 [3.0 v 4.2 months], respectively; P interaction = .003). On TP, ORR was 34.6% (57.1% with GCN ≥20 v 9.1% with GCN &lt;20) with median GCN of 29.7 versus 13.2 for responders and nonresponders, respectively ( P = .004). Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 23.1% and 46.1% of participants with TP and CETIRI, respectively. CONCLUSION TP appears to be a safe and effective cytotoxic chemotherapy-free option for patients with RAS/BRAF -WT, HER2-positive mCRC. Higher levels of HER2 amplification were associated with greater degree of clinical benefit from TP vis-à-vis CETIRI.
Predatory Journals
Authors: Christine Laine, Dianne Babski, Vivienne C. Bachelet, Till W. Bärnighausen, Christopher Baethge, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Frank Frizelle, Laragh Gollogy, Sabine Kleinert, Elizabeth Loder, João Monteiro, Eric J. Rubin, Peush Sahni, Christina C. Wee, Jin-Hong Yoo, Lilia Zakhama
Journal: JAMA (2025)
Expert consensus on pulpotomy in the management of mature permanent teeth with pulpitis
Authors: Lu Zhang, Chen Lin, Zhuo Chen, Lin Yue, Qing Yu, Benxiang Hou, Junqi Ling, Jingping Liang, Xi Wei, Wenxia Chen, Lihong Qiu, Jiyao Li, Yumei Niu, Zhengmei Lin, Lei Cheng, Wenxi He, Xiaoyan Wang, Dingming Huang, Zhengwei Huang, Weidong Niu, Qi Zhang, Chen Zhang, Deqin Yang, Jinhua Yu, Jin Zhao, Yihuai Pan, Jingzhi Ma, Shuli Deng, Xiaoli Xie, Xiuping Meng, Jian Yang, Xuedong Zhou, Zhi Chen
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2025)

Abstract Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient’s general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Effect of regional crosstalk between sympathetic nerves and sensory nerves on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritic pain
Authors: Zhangyu Ma, Qianqian Wan, Wenpin Qin, Wen Qin, Janfei Yan, Yina Zhu, Yuzhu Wang, Yuxuan Ma, Meichen Wan, Xiaoxiao Han, Haoyan Zhao, Yuxuan Hou, Franklin R. Tay, Lina Niu, Kai Jiao
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2025)

Abstract Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease often accompanied by pain, seriously affecting physical and mental health of patients. Abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction has been considered as a predominant origin of arthralgia, while the specific mechanism mediating pain remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism of TMJ-OA pain, an abnormal joint loading model was used to induce TMJ-OA pain. We found that during the development of TMJ-OA, the increased innervation of sympathetic nerve of subchondral bone precedes that of sensory nerves. Furthermore, these two types of nerves are spatially closely associated. Additionally, it was discovered that activation of sympathetic neural signals promotes osteoarthritic pain in mice, whereas blocking these signals effectively alleviates pain. In vitro experiments also confirmed that norepinephrine released by sympathetic neurons promotes the activation and axonal growth of sensory neurons. Moreover, we also discovered that through releasing norepinephrine, regional sympathetic nerves of subchondral bone were found to regulate growth and activation of local sensory nerves synergistically with other pain regulators. This study identified the role of regional sympathetic nerves in mediating pain in TMJ-OA. It sheds light on a new mechanism of abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction and the regional crosstalk between peripheral nerves, providing a potential target for treating TMJ-OA pain.
Claudin 18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate CMG901 in patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (KYM901): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 1 trial
Authors: Dan-Yun Ruan, Fu-Rong Liu, Xiao-Li Wei, Su-Xia Luo, Zhi-Xiang Zhuang, Zhen-Ning Wang, Fu-Nan Liu, Yan-Qiao Zhang, Jian-Wei Yang, Zhen-Dong Chen, Yong-Sheng Wang, Jun-Ye Wang, Xiao-Hua Liang, Xiao-Jie Wu, Yu-Long Zheng, Jian Liu, Xi Shi, Rakesh Kumar, Wei Liu, Bo Chen, Dong-Sheng Zhang, Rui-Hua Xu
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Evaluating ADHD medication trial representativeness: a Swedish population-based study comparing hypothetically trial-eligible and trial-ineligible individuals
Authors: Miguel Garcia-Argibay, Zheng Chang, Isabell Brikell, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Brian M D'Onofrio, Paul Lichtenstein, Jeffrey H Newcorn, Stephen V Faraone, Henrik Larsson, Samuele Cortese
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2025)
Effectiveness of bi-monthly long-acting injectable cabotegravir and rilpivirine as maintenance treatment for HIV-1 in the Netherlands: results from the Dutch ATHENA national observational cohort
Authors: Vita W Jongen, Ferdinand W N M Wit, Anders Boyd, Arne van Eeden, Annemarie E Brouwer, Robert Soetekouw, Rachida El Moussaoui, Janneke Stalenhoef, Kim C E Sigaloff, Tatiana Mudrikova, Jet Gisolf, David Burger, Annemarie M J Wensing, Marc van der Valk
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2025)
Maintenance treatment with vedolizumab in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (VEDOKIDS): 54-week outcomes of a multicentre, prospective, cohort study
Authors: Ohad Atia, Zivia Shavit-Brunschwig, Raffi Lev-Tzion, Ronen Stein, Efrat Broide, Darja Urlep, Jeffrey Hyams, Batia Weiss, Marina Aloi, Amit Assa, Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Ben Nichols, Richard K Russell, Dan Turner
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2025)
Spaceflight alters protein levels and gene expression associated with stress response and metabolic characteristics in human cardiac spheroids
Authors: Parvin Forghani, Wenhao Liu, Zeyu Wang, Zhi Ling, Felipe Takaesu, Evan Yang, Gregory K Tharp, Sheila Nielsen, Shankini Doraisingam, Stefanie Countryman, Michael E Davis, Ronghu Wu, Shu Jia, Chunhui Xu
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Topical adhesive spatio-temporal nanosystem co-delivering chlorin e6 and HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizic acid for in situ psoriasis chemo-phototherapy
Authors: Lijun Su, Yixi Zhu, Xuebo Li, Di Wang, Xiangyu Chen, Zhen Liu, Jingjing Li, Chen Zhang, Jinming Zhang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained considerable attention as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of psoriasis. Unfortunately, the activation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) by PDT triggers innate and adaptive immune responses, which exacerbate skin inflammation. Herein, we combined glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural anti-inflammatory compound and immunomodulator derived from the herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., with PDT actuated by the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) by co-loading them in GA-based lipid nanoparticles coated with a catechol-modified quaternary chitosan salt (GC NPs/QCS-C). GC NPs/QCS-C exhibited high drug loading efficacy, uniform size distribution, an ideal topical adhesive property, enhanced skin retention and penetration in psoriasis-like lesions, and high intracellular uptake in epidermal cells compared with the counterparts. Subsequently, the transdermal administration of GC NPs/QCS-C followed by near-infrared laser radiation in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mouse model significantly ameliorated psoriasis symptoms, promoted the apoptosis of hyperproliferative epidermal cells, and alleviated the inflammatory cascade. The significant therapeutic outcomes of GC NPs/QCS-C were attributed to the synergistic effects of GA and PDT on modulating immune cell recruitment and inhibiting dendritic cell maturation. Our results demonstrated that the topical bio-adhesive nanosystem that combines GA and Ce6 offers a synergistic chemo-phototherapeutic strategy for psoriasis treatment.