tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18168: Association of the Distance from the Coronary Ostium with Plaque Morphology in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes. An Optical Coherence Tomography Study.
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Maria Riga, Andreas Synetos, Maria Drakopoulou, Costas Tsioufis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Purpose:  Atheromatic plaques located in proximal segments of coronary arteries are associated with increased incidence of acute thrombosis. It has been suggested that this discrepancy is due to morphological differences. We investigated by optical coherence tomography, whether specific morphological characteristics of culprit lesions (CLs) in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are associated with the location of the culprit lesion.   Methods:  Sixty seven consecutive patients with ACS that underwent cardiac catheterization within 24 hours from symptom onset were enrolled. The culprit lesion was clearly identified angiographically and classified as proximal or distal depending on the distance from the coronary ostium. Optical coherence tomography study was then performed in all culprit lesions. Fibrous cap thickness (FCT) was measured at the thinnest part of the culprit lesion and presence of plaque rupture and thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was recorded. A TCFA was defined as a plaque with cap thickness =   Results:  Thirty three culprit lesions were located in the distal part of coronary arteries and 34 proximally. A TCFA was identified in 62.7% of the patients, while the plaque was ruptured in 42 patients. In the group of distal culprit lesions, 48.5% had a TCFA (n=16), while in the group of proximal culprit lesions 76.5% (n=26) presented such morphology (p=0.02). Mean distance from the coronary ostium of plaques containing a TCFA was 28.0±20.5 vs 38.6±19.5 μm for plaques without a TCFA (p   Conclusions:  Culprit lesions in proximal segments of coronary arteries are more often associated with TCFA and plaque rupture than plaques located in the distal part of coronary arteries. This study suggests that morphological discrepancies may account for the higher incidence of ACS in proximal lesions.
Factor 1 de transcripcion tiroidea - un nuevofactor pronostico en cancer de pulmon: un meta-analisis
Authors: Thierry Berghmans, Marianne Paesmans, Céline Mascaux, Benoît Martin, Anne-Pascale Meert, Annick Haller, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2007)
Large measles outbreak in Geneva, Switzerland, January to August 2011: descriptive epidemiology and demonstration of quarantine effectiveness
Authors: E Delaporte, C A Wyler Lazarevic, A Iten, P Sudre
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2013)

Between January and August 2011, the canton of Geneva, Switzerland, experienced a large measles outbreak with 219 cases (47 cases per 100,000 inhabitants) in the context of an extensive epidemic in a neighbouring region of France. Most cases were young adults (median age: 18 years), often unaware of their vaccination status. The vast majority of cases were either not (81%) or incompletely vaccinated (8%). Thirty clusters with a total of 119 cases and a median cluster size of three (range: 2–15 cases) were identified. Overall, 44 cases were imported or linked to imported cases. Of 73 contacts of cases who were quarantined, 50 developed measles and caused six secondary cases. This compares to 81 secondary cases among 173 non-quarantined cases (relative risk: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.06–0.65), demonstrating the effectiveness of well targeted quarantine measures in reducing transmission.
Fatal Purpura Complicating Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
Authors: Oscar Berghausen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 December 1929Fatal Purpura Complicating Chronic Interstitial NephritisOSCAR BERGHAUSEN, B.A., M.D.OSCAR BERGHAUSEN, B.A., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-6-578 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPurpura hemorrhagica is frequently accompanied by changes in the kidney and the suprarenal glands. The kidney may show evidences of hemorrhagic nephritis or only slight degenerative changes in the tubular epithelium with numerous foci of intertubular and intratubular hemorrhage. Little1cites four cases in infants and young children with hemorrhage into both suprarenal capsules proving rapidly fatal, and in which purpura was noted before death. At the post-mortem the chief finding was the hemorrhage into the capsules, the kidneys showing no changes beyond occasional hemorrhages. He also cites two very remarkable cases in which there was hemorrhage into both suprarenal...References1 LITTLE EG: Cases of Purpura Ending Fatally, Associated with Hemorrhage into the Suprarenal Capsules, British Journal of Dermatology, Dec. 1901, Vol. XIII, pp. 445. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 STEVENSPETERS ARJP: Urinary Tract Purpura; A Probable Entity; Journal of Urology, Baltimore. Vol. IV, Feb., 1920, pp. 1-97. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 Nelson's Loose leaf Medicine, Vol. IV, Chapter III, pp. 128 and Chapter VI, pp. 159. Google Scholar4 Medical Times and Gazette, 1879, pp. 582. Google Scholar5 DUKE WW: Journal Exp. Med. 1911, Vol. XIV, pp. 265 and J. A. M. A. 1910, Vol. LV, pp. 1185. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cincinnati, Ohio*From the Medical Service, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1929Volume 3, Issue 6Page: 578-585KeywordsChildrenEpitheliumHemorrhageInfantsKidneysMedical servicesNephritis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
CYCLING MASKS: HOW EFFECTIVE?
Authors: F Godlee
Journal: BMJ (1990)

This short article discusses the effectiveness of cyclists' face masks. Testing the effectiveness of the mask is difficult because of the many variables. Tests show that charcoal filters have good absorption of hydrocarbons such as benzene, moderate absorption of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides, and no absorption of carbon monoxides. Failure to change filters regularly could mean that the masks do more harm than good. Of the masks containing activated charcoal, only the Green Screen masks contain instructions about changing the filters, advising a change every ten days. (TRRL)
Influence of end-expiratory level and tidal volume on ventilation distribution
Authors: Silvia Schnidrig, Carmen Casaulta, Andreas Schibler, Thomas Riedel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background: Our understanding of regional filling of the lung and regional ventilation distribution (VD) is based on studies using radio labelled tracer gases. We aimed to investigate whether these results can be reprduced and differences in regional filling and spatial VD can be detected with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in adults at different end-expiratory levels (EEL) and tidal volumes (VT).

Methods: EIT measurements were performed in 10 healthy adults in right lateral position. Five different EEL with four different VT at each EEL were tested in random order, resulting in 19 combinations. There were no measurements for the combination of the highest EEL/highest VT as it was not possible to achieve this breathing pattern. EEL and VT were controlled by visual feedback. The fraction of ventilation directed to the right lung (Vright) and the rate of regional filling (right lung vs. total lung) were analysed.

Results: Visual feedback resulted in distinct differences in EEL and VT. Vright increased with increasing EEL and was <0.5 (more air directed to the left lung) only at the lowest EEL (p<0.05). With low EEL the filling of the right lung during the initial phase of the inspiration was slower (p<0.05) and the filling the lungs became more even with increasing EEL. With increasing VT Vright increased significantly (p<0.05) and the filling characteristics changed towards more uneven ventilation.

Conclusion: The effect of different EEL and VT on spatial and temporal VD during spontaneous tidal breathing in right lateral position can be assessed by EIT. Our results are in line with previous studies and suggest that the effect of EEL on ventilation distribution is greater than the effect of VT.
ERRORS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Authors: Paul D. White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 June 1936ERRORS IN THE INTERPRETATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS AND SIGNSPAUL D. WHITE, M.D., F.A.C.P.PAUL D. WHITE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-12-1703 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptErrors often lead the way to new knowledge. Some of the most important advances in medicine have developed from the recognition and study of errors. Many details of our present rapidly progressing understanding of the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease have arisen from our analysis of errors in the interpretation of cardiovascular symptoms and signs. It is of some of these that I shall speak to you today.The appraisal of cardiac symptoms, the most important part of cardiovascular examination and the part that requires no use of hands or instruments, is, and always has been, the most imperfect and neglected....* JONNESCO T: Le sympathique cervico-thoracique, Masson et Cie, Paris, 1923. Google Scholar* Jr. Med. Soc. New Jersey, Oct., 1935, xxxii, 590. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Read at the Detroit meeting of the American College of Physicians March 3, 1936. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRequirements for Technology: As Seen by Providers of Primary Health Care 1 June 1936Volume 9, Issue 12Page: 1703-1713KeywordsCardiovascular diseasesSigns and symptoms ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Conflict in Sri Lanka
Authors: B. Reilley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Sri Lanka's 20 years of war has killed over 60 000 people and displaced hundreds of thousands more. The LTTE (the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam) has been fighting for its own state, resulting in areas of permanent conflict in the north and east of the country. Civilians are caught in crossfire; landmines and unexploded ordnance pose a constant threat; hospitals have been destroyed.

Medecins Sans Frontieres runs a substitution medical programme in the northern rebel controlled area, known as the Wanni, supplying specialists, including a surgeon, a paediatrician, an obstetrician, and an anaesthetist. Most medical professionals have fled: 21 of the 27 vacancies for government doctors in the region remain vacant, and only 34 of the 108 midwife positions are filled (rates of maternal and neonatal death are higher than the national average). Government training of medical workers has not taken place in the region since the war began.

Population displacement has led to a rise in infectious diseases and malnutrition. As a result, malaria has increased 20-fold since the conflict began owing to disrupted vector control activities and limited access to treatment facilities, being among the leading causes of death in some areas.

For seven years many essential supplies to the Wanni, including basic items such as sutures, surgical gloves, and oxygen, were subject to government embargo, and drugs and medical materials are often critically low. No postoperative analgesics are available, and often only life saving essential surgery can be performed.

In sharp contrast to many other conflicts, humanitarian law is for the most part respected: soldiers fight soldiers. Both sides cooperate on certain health issues such as emergency patient transfers across the front line and temporary ceasefires to allow polio immunisation campaigns to take place for children.

Sri Lanka's conflict seems nationally and internationally to be have been accepted as a chronic, ethnic conflict, but there are signs of improvement. In January the government embargo was lifted, and previously limited medical supplies are beginning to become available, albeit sporadically. Medical transfers should now be easier. Peace talks are planned.

More could be done to protect the health of civilians. Official training leading to government certification should be given in the rebel controlled area to meet the acute demand for medical staff, and the LTTE should assume greater responsibility for health care in regions under its control. In Sri Lanka as elsewhere, the terrible damage caused by the war to people's health and life expectancy should not be accepted as an inevitable consequence of the fighting.
PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN THE HEART IN SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATHS
Authors: James R. Lisa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 June 1939PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS IN THE HEART IN SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATHSJAMES R. LISA, M.D., F.A.C.P.JAMES R. LISA, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-12-1968 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis communication is the report of a study of 41 hearts obtained from subjects who died suddenly from cardiac disease. One was from private practice † and 40 occurred at the New York City Hospital between January 1, 1927 and July 1, 1936.During that period there were 82 cases of sudden death in the hospital that came to autopsy. Twenty-two were proved to be due to non-cardiac factors such as ruptured aneurysm, brain tumors, massive hemorrhage, etc. Of the remaining 60 cases 20 had to be discarded because of unsatisfactory histologic material.For the purpose of this study cases... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Presented before the New York Pathological Society, November 19, 1937. Received for publication May 6, 1938.From the Pathological Laboratory, City Hospital, Welfare Island, Dept. of Hospitals, New York, N. Y.†Thanks are due to Dr. George R. Irving, New York City, for permission to include this case. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA myocardial syndromeFactors influencing immediate mortality after acute coronary occlusion 1 June 1939Volume 12, Issue 12Page: 1968-1982KeywordsAneurysmsAutopsyBrainCardiovascular therapyHeartHeart diseasesHemorrhageLongitudinal studiesResearch laboratoriesSudden cardiac death ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Horseshoe Kidney on FDG Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging Is Easily Confused with Malignancy
Authors: HONGMING ZHUANG, DAVID M. Y. YEH, P. DAVID MOZLEY, ABASS ALAVI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

ZHUANG, HONGMING M.D., PH.D.; Y. YEH, DAVID M. M.D.; MOZLEY, P. DAVID M.D.; ALAVI, ABASS M.D. Author Information
Abstract 20241: Better Parameters of Ventilation-co2 Output Relationship Predict Death in Chf Patients
Authors: Xingguo Sun, James Hasen, Walliam Stringer, Karlman Wasserman, Youxiu Yao, Shengshou Hu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Measures of ventilation-co2 output relationship have been shown to be more prognostic than peak O2 uptake in assessing life expectancy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Hypothesis: Because both the ratios (Ve/Vco2) and slopes (Ve-vs-Vco2) of ventilation-co2 output of differing durations can be used, we aim to ascertain which measurements of ventilation-co2 output relationship best predicted CHF life expectancy. Methods: 271 CHF patients with NYHA class II-IV underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and were followed-up for a median duration of 479 days. Four different linear regression Ve-vs-Vco2 slopes were calculated from warm-up exercise onset to: 180s, anaerobic threshold (AT), ventilatory compensation point (VCP); and peak exercise. Five Ve/Vco2 ratios were calculated for the following durations: rest (120s), warm-up (30s), AT (60s), lowest value (90s), and peak exercise (30s). Death or heart transplant were considered end-points. Multiple statistical an...
Interferon Gamma-1b Compared with Placebo in Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Martin E. Gleave, Mostafa Elhilali, Yves Fradet, Ian Davis, Peter Venner, Fred Saad, Laurence H. Klotz, Malcolm J. Moore, Virginia Paton, Alex Bajamonde, David Bell, Scott Ernst, Ernest Ramsey, Joe Chin, Alvaro Morales, Heidi Martins, Coree Sanders
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Most trials of immunomodulators in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma have been uncontrolled and subject to selection bias. The objective of this blinded, placebo-controlled study was to compare overall response rates, time to disease progression, and survival of patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma treated with recombinant human interferon gamma-1b or placebo.
Abstract 2744: The 24-hour Blood Pressure Profile of Naproxcinod, a First-in-Class Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Donator, Compared with Naproxen in Stable Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Raymond Townsend, Neville Bittar, Jeffrey Rosen, William Smith, Andrea Ramsay, Steven Chrysant, Robert Weiss, Hayet Frayssinet, Brigitte Duquesroix
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Naproxcinod is a first-in-class Cyclooxygenase Inhibiting Nitric Oxide Donator (CINOD) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Naproxcinod inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. It is well recognized that NSAIDs and coxibs may elevate blood pressure (BP) and antagonize the lowering effect of anti-hypertensive medications to an extent that may increase hypertension-related morbidity. Nitric oxide donation by naproxcinod may improve the BP profile of this novel compound. The objective of this Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) study was to compare naproxcinod and naproxen. Methods : We performed an 8-week, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. Eligible subjects were between 50 and 75 years of age, had stable hypertension (≤2 different antihypertensive drug classes) and were not currently taking NSAIDs. Subjects randomly received either naproxcinod 750 mg bid or naproxen 500 mg bid for 2 weeks, with 2 weeks of placebo before and in between the active treatment periods. A 24-hour ABPM was performed at the start and end of each of the two active treatment periods, in total 4 ABPMs per subject. Results : A total of 131 subjects were enrolled at 15 US sites and 120 were included in the modified ITT analysis. A difference of 1.9 mm Hg between the observed least square (LS) mean changes from baseline in both average 24-hour SBP (SE=1.14; p=0.101) and DBP (SE=0.69; p=0.007) in favor of naproxcinod as compared to naproxen was observed. The hourly SBP and DBP values with naproxcinod were consistently below those observed in the naproxen group with the exception of two time points which were similar in the two groups. No carry-over effect was detected between the two active treatment periods. Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusions : This exploratory 24-hour ABPM study in stable hypertensive subjects demonstrated a differentiated BP profile in favor of naproxcinod 750 mg bid, when compared to naproxen 500 mg bid, which may represent a reduction of one of the key CV risk factors when long-term naproxcinod use is considered.
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Provides Early and Late Protection Against Endothelial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Humans
Authors: Stavros P. Loukogeorgakis, Anna T. Panagiotidou, Michael W. Broadhead, Ann Donald, John E. Deanfield, Raymond J. MacAllister
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Abstract 5070: Pitavastatin Has Anti-atherosclerotic Effects via Inhibition of TRAIL Expression on CD4 T Cells
Authors: Kayoko Sato, Keiko Gomita, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Statins reduce cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, however their effects on inflammation in atherosclerosis are not fully understood. We investigated whether pitavastatin can modulate cytotoxic functions of CD4 T cells in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in apoE deficient mice (apoE KO). Methods and Results: Fresh CD4 T cells were isolated from blood obtained from 37 patients with ACS without statin treatment on admission and 34 control patients. CD4 T cells derived from ACS patients effectively induced vascular endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis significantly more than controls ( P &lt;0.0001). CD4 T cells from ACS patients expressed higher levels of TRAIL ( P &lt;0.002) than those of controls. We further examined whether statin could regulate TRAIL expression and cytotoxicity of CD4 T cells. Pitavastatin (PIT, 10 μ M) blocked CD4 T cell-mediated EC apoptosis ( P =0.001) and reduced the expression of TRAIL ( P &lt;0.01) on CD4 T cells from ACS patients. Finally, to investigate whether TRAIL-expressing CD4 T cells had biological relevance in vivo, 12-week-old ApoE-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1mg/kg/day PIT (n= 5), 10mg/kg/day (n= 5), or Vehicle (0.5% carboxy-methyl cellulose, n= 5) for 8 weeks. Sudan IV staining of the aorta and oil red O-staining of the aortic sinus revealed that 1mg/kg/day and 10mg/kg/day PIT significantly suppressed the development of atherosclerotic lesions depending on dose ( P &lt;0.05, P &lt;0.0001, respectively). In addition, PIT suppressed inflammatory infiltrates and CD4 T cells in atherosclerotic plaque by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, to investigate whether PIT inhibited the expression of TRAIL on CD4 T cells, CD4 T cells were isolated from spleen and analyzed by FACS. The expression of TRAIL was significantly inhibited by 1mg/kg/day and 10mg/kg/day PIT ( P &lt;0.01, P &lt;0.005, respectively). Conclusions: TRAIL-expressing CD4 T cells are enriched in ACS patients and apoE deficient mice and induce endothelial injury, which may contribute to the increasing plaque instability. Pitavastatin therapy may prevent T cell-mediated endothelial cell damage and contribute to the prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development and plaque instability.