tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association study of the common retinal disorder epiretinal membrane: Significant risk loci in each of three American populations
Authors: Joel Gelernter, Daniel F. Levey, Marco Galimberti, Kelly Harrington, Hang Zhou, Keyrun Adhikari, Priya Gupta, J. Michael Gaziano, Dean Eliott, Murray B. Stein
Journal: Cell Genomics (2024)

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal condition characterized by the presence of fibrocellular tissue on the retinal surface, often with visual distortion and loss of visual acuity. We studied European American (EUR), African American (AFR), and Latino (admixed American, AMR) ERM participants in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) for genome-wide association analysis-a total of 38,232 case individuals and 557,988 control individuals. We completed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in each population separately, and then results were meta-analyzed. Genome-wide significant (GWS) associations were observed in all three populations studied: 31 risk loci in EUR subjects, 3 in AFR, and 2 in AMR, with 48 in trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Many results replicated in the FinnGen sample. Several GWS variants associate to alterations in gene expression in the macula. ERM showed significant genetic correlation to multiple traits. Pathway enrichment analyses implicated collagen and collagen-adjacent mechanisms, among others. This well-powered ERM GWAS identified novel genetic associations that point to biological mechanisms for ERM.
Characterization of a lipid-based jumbo phage compartment as a hub for early phage infection
Authors: Deepto Mozumdar, Andrea Fossati, Erica Stevenson, Jingwen Guan, Eliza Nieweglowska, Sanjana Rao, David Agard, Danielle L. Swaney, Joseph Bondy-Denomy
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
A Randomized Trial of Intravenous Amino Acids for Kidney Protection
Authors: Giovanni Landoni, Fabrizio Monaco, Lian Kah Ti, Martina Baiardo Redaelli, Nikola Bradic, Marco Comis, Yuki Kotani, Claudio Brambillasca, Eugenio Garofalo, Anna Mara Scandroglio, Cristina Viscido, Gianluca Paternoster, Annalisa Franco, Sabrina Porta, Federica Ferrod, Maria Grazia Calabrò, Antonio Pisano, Igor Vendramin, Gaia Barucco, Francesco Federici, Luca Severi, Alessandro Belletti, Andrea Cortegiani, Andrea Bruni, Carola Galbiati, Angelo Covino, Ekaterina Baryshnikova, Giuseppe Giardina, Maria Venditto, Daniel Kroeller, Cristina Nakhnoukh, Lorenzo Mantovani, Simona Silvetti, Margherita Licheri, Fabio Guarracino, Rosetta Lobreglio, Ambra Licia Di Prima, Stefano Fresilli, Rosa Labanca, Marta Mucchetti, Rosalba Lembo, Rosario Losiggio, Tiziana Bove, Marco Ranucci, Evgeny Fominskiy, Federico Longhini, Alberto Zangrillo, Rinaldo Bellomo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious and common complication of cardiac surgery, for which reduced kidney perfusion is a key contributing factor. Intravenous amino acids increase kidney perfusion and recruit renal functional reserve. However, the efficacy of amino acids in reducing the occurrence of AKI after cardiac surgery is uncertain.
Dedicated Heart Attack Treatment Centre increases 1-year survival rate of patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction-A single centre study in North Eastern India
Authors: SKS Lairikyengbam
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background: Comparing with the general population, myocardial infarction survivors have a higher risk of mortality in the first year after discharge from the hospital. The aim of the study is to assess 1-year survival rate of patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated at the Dedicated Heart Attack Centre of SKY Hospital and Research Centre, Imphal, India. Material and Method: A retrospective observational study of 56 patients with acute STEMI treated at the Dedicated Heart Attack Centre of our hospital between January 2018 and February 2020 were included in the study. The data of these patients with acute STEMI on 1-year survival rate, Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at discharge and at follow up (6 months to 1 year) and physical activity was evaluated from patient record and phone calls. Result: The result demonstrates that establishing a Dedicated Heart Attack Centre, Imphal, India in line with London Heart Attack Centre, has helped increase 1-year survival rate of patients with acute STEMI after discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of increase in 1-year survival rate of patients with acute STEMI treated at the Dedicated Heart Attack Centre after discharge from the hospital.
Use of Vegetable Mixture and Decoction of Some Vitamin C enriched Plants to Manage Hypertension in Jos, Nigeria: A Case Report
Authors: Uchejeso Mark Obeta
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

High blood pressure (HBP) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally. This contributes to increase in morbidity and mortality of humans. This case study aims to add to the contribution of life style and diet to the control and modulation of HBP hypertensive or normotensive individuals. This case has shown that BP was reduced from 142/92mmHg to 124/74mmHg in 1hr and to 116/64mmHg in 24hr after eating vegetable and fruits decoction mixture unlike the drugs used under this case that reduced BP from 137/90mmHg to 123/80mmHg in 1hr and increased to 142/92mmHg after 24hr. This important role of vegetable and fruit decoction in the modulation of BP in this case shows that Jos-Nigeria has potential vegetables and fruits that when harnessed as food can serve as herbal remedies for hypertension as a result of vitamin C enrichment.
A prospective randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the complication rate and patient comfort using three different vascular closure strategies following coronary angiography
Authors: Marc Kollum
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background: The use of vascular closure devices is now common in clinical practice for femoral artery puncture, although manual compression remains the current gold standard. The development and use of vascular closure devices are aimed at improving patient comfort and avoiding complications such as hematoma, pseudoaneurysm formation, and the need for blood transfusion in the event of significant bleeding or surgical revision at the puncture site. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the complication rate after femoral arterial puncture using different closure techniques. Furthermore, patient comfort will also be measured. Material and Methods: In this prospective, two-centre study, 142 patients were randomized into three groups: the Vascular Closure Device (VCD, Cordis), manual compression (MC) and External Compression Device (ECD, Maquet). The primary endpoint is combined with the evaluation of hematoma greater than 5 cm, pseudoaneurysm formation, the need for blood transfusion or relevant bleeding with a hemoglobin drop greater than 2 g/dl, the occurrence of retroperitoneal hematoma, pressure ulcers greater than grade 2, ischemia of the ipsilateral limb, or nerve damage. Follow-up visits are scheduled at 24 hours, 7 days, and 30 days. Results: The ratio of gender and pre-existing conditions within the randomized groups is almost equal. Medication before coronary angiography is comparable. Significantly more interventions are performed in the VCD group. Correspondingly, the procedure time is longer, and dual antiplatelet therapy is prescribed more often. Compression time and time to first hemostasis were significantly longer in the VCD group. The number of rebleeds after primary hemostasis is significantly higher in the ECD group. None of the enrolled patients suffered major bleeding or required a blood transfusion. No retroperitoneal hematoma was observed. Overall, there is one AV fistula in the MC group, two pseudoaneurysms in the VCD group, and one pseudoaneurysm in the ECD group. Pain was reported at significantly higher rates in the MC group than in either device group. The highest level of pain is reported within 48 hours in the MC group, and voiding dysfunction is significantly more frequent in the MC group. The same results are observed for sleep quality. Patients in the MC group reported significantly fewer hematomas greater than 5 cm at 7 days compared to patients who received a VCD. Conclusion: Our results show no significant difference in the achievement of the combined primary endpoint of all three groups. However, the rate of rebleeding after primary hemostasis is significantly lower in the VCD group, even with prolonged procedure time. There was no difference in the incidence of MACCE. Patient pain and voiding dysfunction within 24 hours are highest in the MC group. No difference is reported between 7 and 30 days.
Switching from VA-ECMO to a Percutaneous right Ventricular assist device as a Bridge to Recovery in a Case of right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Raphaël Giraud
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Acute right heart failure (RHF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is now part of the advanced management strategy for refractory cardiogenic shock (CS). Among such support systems, veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) remains the fastest MCS system to set up. The ProtekDuo cannula can be used as a temporary and percutaneous right ventricular assist device (RVAD) in relay with VA-ECMO in the context of prolonged weaning. This case report describes the clinical course of a 69-year-old patient who underwent elective aortic valve replacement surgery complicated by acute RHF due to iatrogenic ligation of the right coronary artery. VA-ECMO was initiated in the context of refractory cardiogenic shock. Faced with prolonged MCS weaning, due to lack of recovery of the right ventricle associated with the absence of any other therapeutic option, a percutaneous RVAD via a ProtekDuo cannula was implanted as a bridge to recovery. The ProtekDuo was gradually weaned while the patient began rehabilitation. The patient was transferred to the medical ward after 5 weeks in the ICU, stayed 5 months in an acute medical setting, went to a rehabilitation center afterward and returned home 6 months after the initial surgery without any neurological sequalae or organ failures. In total, she remained on MCS for 39 days (21 on VA-ECMO and 18 on ProtekDuo). In cases of refractory RHF, after stabilization and organ perfusion restoration under VA-ECMO, it is feasible to switch to a percutaneous RVAD, allowing early mobilization of patients during prolonged MCS weaning until the right ventricle adapts to new loading conditions.
Effects on Fatigue and Depression 11 And 19 Months after a Sars-Cov-2 Infection a Case Control Study
Authors: Marc Kollum
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background: Long- and post-COVID syndrome still needs research. Providing help to the large number of affected individuals in a professional manner is only possible if convincing data on their pathophysiology and the duration of symptoms is provided. Objectives: To investigate the incidence of symptoms of fatigue and depression 12 months and 19 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to a SARS-CoV-2 negative control cohort. Materials and methods: The presence of fatigue and depression was evaluated in both groups via Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: 185 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive subjects and 168 subjects with negative SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were recruited. General fatigue symptoms were more common in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group (OR initially 3.8; 95% CI 2.1 to 6.7). During follow up the odds ratio concerning the development of symptoms of fatigue decreased while still being statistically significant (OR follow-up 2.6; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.6). The association of the infection with motor fatigue, is higher in comparison to cognitive fatigue (OR initial 3.5 and follow-up 3.2 vs OR initial 3.0 and follow-up 2.4). After 19 months, clinically relevant depressive symptoms are no longer significantly more frequent in the SARS-CoV-2 positive cohort (OR initial 3.0 ; 95% CI 1.4 to 6.1/OR Follow-Up 1.1; 95% CI 0.6 to 2.0). Conclusion: Symptoms of fatigue and depression were initially registered more than twice more frequently in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects. During follow-up, the association of general fatigue and SARS-CoV-2 infection decreased, while still being significant. In this context motor fatigue showed the strongest association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the association between symptoms of depression and the initial infection could no longer be observed.
ROBVALU: a tool for assessing risk of bias in studies about people’s values, utilities, or importance of health outcomes
Authors: Samer G Karam, Yuan Zhang, Hector Pardo-Hernandez, Uwe Siebert, Laura Koopman, Jane Noyes, Jean-Eric Tarride, Adrienne L Stevens, Vivian Welch, Zuleika Saz-Parkinson, Brendalynn Ens, Tahira Devji, Feng Xie, Glen Hazlewood, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jan L Brozek, Holger J Schünemann
Journal: BMJ (2024)

People's values are an important driver in healthcare decision making. The certainty of an intervention's effect on benefits and harms relies on two factors: the certainty in the measured effect on an outcome in terms of risk difference and the certainty in its value, also known as utility or importance. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) working group has proposed a set of questions to assess the risk of bias in a body of evidence from studies investigating how people value outcomes. However, these questions do not address risk of bias in individual studies that, similar to risk-of-bias tools for other research studies, is required to evaluate such evidence. Thus, the Risk of Bias in studies of Values and Utilities (ROBVALU) tool was developed. ROBVALU has good psychometric properties and will be useful when assessing individual studies in measuring values, utilities, or the importance of outcomes. As such, ROBVALU can be used to assess risk of bias in studies included in systematic reviews and health guidelines. It also can support health research assessments, where the risk of bias of input variables determines the certainty in model outputs. These assessments include, for example, decision analysis and cost utility or cost effectiveness analysis for health technology assessment, health policy, and reimbursement decision making.<i></i>
Self-Assessment of Cross-Cultural Sensitivity as Enhancement for Addressing Unitarian Universalist Cardiological Programming
Authors: Jim Schnell
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

This report addresses the concept of diversity within the Unitarian Universalist Church generally and more specifically the cardiological conference program as being indicative of concerns within the larger body. As such a self-assessment of cross-cultural sensitivity is offered as a fundamental means for the church membership to engage representations of diversity within the Unitarian Universalist membership. Use of the self-assessment prompts the participant to reflect upon aspects of cross-cultural relations in a non-threatening context that enhances understanding. It offers a means for inquiry.
Conserved epigenetic hallmarks of T cell aging during immunity and malignancy
Authors: Tian Mi, Andrew G. Soerens, Shanta Alli, Tae Gun Kang, Anoop Babu Vasandan, Zhaoming Wang, Vaiva Vezys, Shunsuke Kimura, Ilaria Iacobucci, Stephen B. Baylin, Peter A. Jones, Christopher Hiner, April Mueller, Harris Goldstein, Charles G. Mullighan, Caitlin C. Zebley, David Masopust, Ben Youngblood
Journal: Nature Aging (2024)

Abstract Chronological aging correlates with epigenetic modifications at specific loci, calibrated to species lifespan. Such ‘epigenetic clocks’ appear conserved among mammals, but whether they are cell autonomous and restricted by maximal organismal lifespan remains unknown. We used a multilifetime murine model of repeat vaccination and memory T cell transplantation to test whether epigenetic aging tracks with cellular replication and if such clocks continue ‘counting’ beyond species lifespan. Here we found that memory T cell epigenetic clocks tick independently of host age and continue through four lifetimes. Instead of recording chronological time, T cells recorded proliferative experience through modification of cell cycle regulatory genes. Applying this epigenetic profile across a range of human T cell contexts, we found that naive T cells appeared ‘young’ regardless of organism age, while in pediatric patients, T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia appeared to have epigenetically aged for up to 200 years. Thus, T cell epigenetic clocks measure replicative history and can continue to accumulate well-beyond organismal lifespan.
Comparison of Sitagliptin with Vildagliptin's effects on Mitochondrial Activity, Heart Rate Variability, and Cardiac Performance in Obese Insulin-Resistant Rats
Authors: Hari Prasad Sonwani
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Context and Objective: It has been demonstrated that a prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to insulin resistance, which is typified by hyperinsulinemia and metabolic inflexibility. Heart failure, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and cardiac sympathovagal imbalance are all linked to insulin resistance. Oral anti-diabetic medications called sitagliptin and vildagliptin, which block dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), are frequently administered to individuals suffering from cardiovascular disease. Thus, using a mouse model of insulin resistance, we aimed to investigate the effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin in this work. Method of Experimentation: Male For a period of 12 weeks, 180–200 g Wistar rats were fed either an HFD (59% energy from fat) or a regular diet (20% energy from fat). After that, these rats were split up into three subgroups and given either vehicle for an additional 21 days, sitagliptin (30 mg/kg/day-1), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg−1 day−1), or both days. Heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function, oxidative stress, metabolic parameters, and cardiac mitochondrial function were all measured Important Findings: In rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), they developed insulin resistance, which was manifested as a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and an increase in body weight, plasma insulin, total cholesterol, and oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, HFD rats showed evidence of cardiac dysfunction, decreased HRV, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in cardiac mitochondrial morphology. Vildagliptin and sitagliptin both raised HDL levels while lowering plasma insulin, total cholesterol, and oxidative stress. Additionally, sitagliptin and vildagliptin fully restored HRV and reduced cardiac dysfunction as well as cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction Conclusions and Significance: In obese insulin-resistant rats, vildagliptin and sitagliptin both had comparable cardioprotective effects.
PSCA-CAR T cell therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Tanya B. Dorff, M. Suzette Blanchard, Lauren N. Adkins, Laura Luebbert, Neena Leggett, Stephanie N. Shishido, Alan Macias, Marissa M. Del Real, Gaurav Dhapola, Colt Egelston, John P. Murad, Reginaldo Rosa, Jinny Paul, Ammar Chaudhry, Hripsime Martirosyan, Ethan Gerdts, Jamie R. Wagner, Tracey Stiller, Dileshni Tilakawardane, Sumanta Pal, Catalina Martinez, Robert E. Reiter, Lihua E. Budde, Massimo D’Apuzzo, Peter Kuhn, Lior Pachter, Stephen J. Forman, Saul J. Priceman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Despite recent therapeutic advances, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains lethal. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have demonstrated durable remissions in hematological malignancies. We report results from a phase 1, first-in-human study of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA)-directed CAR T cells in men with mCRPC. The starting dose level (DL) was 100 million (M) CAR T cells without lymphodepletion (LD), followed by incorporation of LD. The primary end points were safety and dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). No DLTs were observed at DL1, with a DLT of grade 3 cystitis encountered at DL2, resulting in addition of a new cohort using a reduced LD regimen + 100 M CAR T cells (DL3). No DLTs were observed in DL3. Cytokine release syndrome of grade 1 or 2 occurred in 5 of 14 treated patients. Prostate-specific antigen declines (>30%) occurred in 4 of 14 patients, as well as radiographic improvements. Dynamic changes indicating activation of peripheral blood endogenous and CAR T cell subsets, TCR repertoire diversity and changes in the tumor immune microenvironment were observed in a subset of patients. Limited persistence of CAR T cells was observed beyond 28 days post-infusion. These results support future clinical studies to optimize dosing and combination strategies to improve durable therapeutic outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03873805 .
Management of Coronary Artery Rupture During Transluminal Coronary Recanalization and Angioplasty in a Case of Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: El Abasse Zeine
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2023)

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a widely performed and effective therapy for coronary artery disease. Evolution of the dilatation instruments during the last decade has led to an increased success rate of PTCA and to the development of newer techniques such as recanalization of totally occluded coronary arteries. We report a case of coronary artery recanalization complicated by fatal coronary artery rupture.
Incidence of Dementia Before Age 65 Years Among World Trade Center Attack Responders
Authors: Sean A. P. Clouston, Frank D. Mann, Jaymie Meliker, Pei-Fen Kuan, Roman Kotov, Lauren L. Richmond, Tesleem Babalola, Minos Kritikos, Yuan Yang, Melissa A. Carr, Benjamin J. Luft
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Reports suggest that the individuals who served in rescue operations following the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) have poorer brain health than expected.
Postpartum Remote Blood Pressure Monitoring—When Control Is of the Essence
Authors: Sadiya S. Khan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

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