tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive approach to controlling chronic hepatitis B in China
Authors: Shan Shan, Xinyan Zhao, Jidong Jia
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2024)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was highly endemic in China, where the prevalence of HBsAg was 9.7% in 1992. Comprehensive strategies, including universal infant hepatitis B vaccination with emphasis on timely birth-dose and 3-dose coverage, dramatically reduced the mother-to-infant transmission and early childhood acquisition of HBV, resulting in estimated HBsAg prevalence rates of 5.6% and 0.1% in the general population and among children aged &lt;5 years in 2022, respectively. Clinical guidelines on the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B have been periodically updated based on emerging evidence from clinical research. The continuously improved reimbursement policy and the massively reduced price of antiviral drugs through government negotiation and central procurement have increased treatment accessibility and affordability. However, due to the low rates of diagnosis and treatment, China still faces a large challenge in achieving the 2030 goal of lowering HBV-related mortality by 65%. A public health approach involving concerted efforts from the government, medical community, industry, and society as a whole would be necessary to increase the uptake of HBV tests and treatment to achieve the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.
Intracellular and extracellular synergistic therapy for restoring macrophage functions via anti-CD47 antibody-conjugated bifunctional nanoparticles in atherosclerosis
Authors: Qiang Luo, Liqun Dai, Junli Li, Heyanni Chen, Ying Hao, Qing Li, Lili Pan, Chengxiang Song, Zhiyong Qian, Mao Chen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Atherosclerosis is a significant contributor to global cardiovascular disease. Reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque effectively can lead to a decrease in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, controlling macrophage function is crucial. This study presents the creation of a bifunctional nanoparticle that is specific to macrophages to achieve intracellular and extracellular synergistic therapy for restoring macrophage functions. The nanoparticle is conjugated with anti-CD47 antibody to modulate extracellular CD47-SIRPα phagocytic signaling axis on the outer surface of macrophages and encapsulates the NLRP3 inhibitor (CY-09) to regulate intracellular inflammation response of macrophages. The results showed that the nanoparticles accumulate in the atherosclerotic plaque, alter macrophage phagocytosis, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and decrease the plaque burden in Apoe−/− mice whilst ensuring safety. Examination of single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that this multifunctional nanoparticle decreases the expression of genes linked to inflammation and manages inflammatory pathways in the plaque lesion. This study proposes a synergistic therapeutic approach that utilizes a bifunctional nanoparticle, conjugated with anti-CD47, to regulate the microenvironment of plaques.
Nanoparticle-encapsulated retinoic acid for the modulation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell niche
Authors: Emanuel Quartin, Susana Rosa, Sara Gonzalez-Anton, Laura Mosteo Lopez, Vitor Francisco, Delfim Duarte, Cristina Lo Celso, Ricardo Pires das Neves, Lino Ferreira
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

More effective approaches are needed in the treatment of blood cancers, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML), that are able to eliminate resistant leukemia stem cells (LSCs) at the bone marrow (BM), after a chemotherapy session, and then enhance hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment for the re-establishment of the HSC compartment. Here, we investigate whether light-activatable nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating all-trans-retinoic acid (RA+NPs) could solve both problems. Our in vitro results show that mouse AML cells transfected with RA+NPs differentiate towards antitumoral M1 macrophages through RIG.1 and OASL gene expression. Our in vivo results further show that mouse AML cells transfected with RA+NPs home at the BM after transplantation in an AML mouse model. The photo-disassembly of the NPs within the grafted cells by a blue laser enables their differentiation towards a macrophage lineage. This macrophage activation seems to have systemic anti-leukemic effect within the BM, with a significant reduction of leukemic cells in all BM compartments, of animals treated with RA+NPs, when compared with animals treated with empty NPs. In a separate group of experiments, we show for the first time that normal HSCs transfected with RA+NPs show superior engraftment at the BM niche than cells without treatment or treated with empty NPs. This is the first time that the activity of RA is tested in terms of long-term hematopoietic reconstitution after transplant using an in situ activation approach without any exogenous priming or genetic conditioning of the transplanted cells. Overall, the approach documented here has the potential to improve consolidation therapy in AML since it allows a dual intervention in the BM niche: to tackle resistant leukemia and improve HSC engraftment at the same time.
Gender, sexuality and cis-heteropatriarchal parental control: navigating the politics of neo-panopticon and the resilience of young Khawaja Sara and Hijra in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Alamgir Alamgir
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Scholarly works have extensively explored the marginalized positions of transgender individuals in Pakistan. However, there is a noticeable gap in literature concerning the profound impact of cis-heteropatriarchal parental control on young Khawaja Sara and Hijra individuals-members of the transgender community-particularly when they reside in their parental homes in Peshawar, Pakistan.
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors, Genetic Risk, and Incident Peripheral Artery Disease Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Kai Zhu, Frank Qian, Qi Lu, Rui Li, Zixin Qiu, Lin Li, Ruyi Li, Hancheng Yu, Yulei Deng, Kun Yang, An Pan, Gang Liu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between modifiable lifestyle factors and peripheral artery disease (PAD) among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 14,543 individuals with T2D from the UK Biobank. We defined a weighted healthy lifestyle score using nonsmoking, regular physical activity, high-quality diet, moderate alcohol consumption, optimal waist-to-hip ratio, and adequate sleep duration, and categorized into unfavorable, intermediate, and favorable lifestyles. We created a genetic risk score (GRS) using 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms previously found to be associated with PAD. We modeled the association between lifestyle score and PAD, overall and stratified by PAD genetic susceptibility. RESULTS After a median 13.5 years of follow-up, 628 incident cases of PAD were documented. A linear inverse association between the weighted lifestyle score and PAD was observed, with a hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) of 0.27 (0.19, 0.38) for favorable compared with unfavorable lifestyle (Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.0001). An estimated 58.3% (45.0%, 69.1%) of PAD in this population could be potentially avoidable if all participants attained a favorable lifestyle. Moreover, the PAD GRS was associated with increased PAD risk (HR [95% CI] per SD increment: 1.13 [1.03, 1.23]). A favorable lifestyle was able to partially mitigate the excess risk of PAD associated with higher GRS, albeit as a nonsignificant interaction. Several biomarkers in the lipid metabolism, hepatic/renal function, and systemic inflammation pathways collectively explained 13.3% (8.5%, 20.1%) of the association between weighted lifestyle score and PAD. CONCLUSIONS A favorable lifestyle was associated with lower risk of PAD among individuals with T2D, independent of genetic predisposition to PAD.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity May Attenuate the Impact of Diabetes on Cognitive Decline in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil Study
Authors: Natan Feter, Danilo de Paula, Rodrigo Citton P. dos Reis, David Raichlen, Ana Luísa Patrão, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Claudia Kimie Suemoto, Bruce B. Duncan, Maria Inês Schmidt
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To assess leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as a modifier of the diabetes/cognitive decline association in middle-aged and older participants in the Estudo Longitudinal de Saude do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS ELSA-Brasil is a cohort of 15,105 participants (age 35–74 years) enrolled between 2008 and 2010. We evaluated global cognitive function, summing the scores of six standardized tests evaluating memory and verbal fluency, including the Trail-Making Test, at baseline and follow-up. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a global cognitive function score at follow-up lower than −1 SD from baseline mean. Participants reporting ≥150 min/week of moderate to vigorous LTPA at baseline were classified as physically active. We assessed the association of LTPA with global cognition change in those with diabetes in the context of our overall sample through multivariable regression models. RESULTS Participants’ (N = 12,214) mean age at baseline was 51.4 (SD 8.8) years, and 55.5% were women. During a mean follow-up of 8.1 (SD 0.6) years, 9,345 (76.5%) inactive participants and 1,731 (14.1%) participants with diabetes at baseline experienced faster declines in global cognition than those who were active (β = −0.003, −0.004, and −0.002) and those without diabetes (β = −0.004, −0.005, and −0.003), respectively. Diabetes increased the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71; 95% Cl 1.22, 2.39) in inactive but not in active adults (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.73, 1.90). Among participants with diabetes, those who were active showed a delay of 2.73 (95% CI 0.94, 4.51) years in the onset of cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS In adults living with diabetes, LTPA attenuated the deleterious association between diabetes and cognitive function.
Population-level surgical rates and unmet need in India: a retrospective analysis of districts and states from 2011 to 2019
Authors: Siddhesh Zadey, Emily R. Smith, Catherine A. Staton, Tamara N. Fitzgerald, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Zadey, Siddhesh BSMS MSc-GH; Smith, Emily R.; Staton, Catherine A.; Fitzgerald, Tamara N.; Vissoci, Joao Ricardo Nickenig Author Information
Will synchronous esophageal and lung resection increase the incidence of anastomotic leaks? A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Yixin Liu, Jianfeng Zhou, Yimin Gu, Weipeng Hu, Haonan Lin, Qixin Shang, Hanlu Zhang, Yushang Yang, Yong Yuan, Longqi Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Reports on combined resection for synchronous lung lesions and esophageal cancer (CRLE) cases are rare and mostly individual cases. Furthermore, the feasibility of CRLE has always been a controversial topic. In the current study, the authors retrospectively analyzed the feasibility of CRLE and established an individualized prediction model for esophageal anastomotic leaks after CRLE by performing a multicenter retrospective study.
Would hyaluronic acid-induced mental bone resorption be a concern? A prospective controlled cohort study and an updated retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiaoshuang Guo, Xianlei Zong, Guodong Song, Jingyi Zhao, Chenzhi Lai, Dong Zhang, Xiaolei Jin
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a widely used filler for face contouring and is generally believed to be safe and effective. However, there have been reports of HA-related bone erosion in the chin area without clear scientific data regarding its existence, incidence, and severity. This exploratory study was to evaluate HA-related mental bone resorption through a prospective, controlled, observer-blind, nonrandomized clinical trial and a retrospective cohort study.
Development and external validation of a novel model for predicting new clinically important atrial fibrillation after thoracoscopic anatomical lung cancer surgery: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chaoyang Tong, Zhenyi Niu, Hongwei Zhu, Tingting Li, Yuanyuan Xu, Yan Yan, Qing Miao, Runsen Jin, Jijian Zheng, Hecheng Li, Jingxiang Wu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: New clinically important postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common arrhythmia after thoracoscopic anatomical lung cancer surgery and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The full spectrum of predictors remains unclear, and effective assessment tools are lacking. This study aimed to develop and externally validate a novel model for predicting new clinically important POAF. Methods: This retrospective study included 14 074 consecutive patients who received thoracoscopic anatomical lung cancer surgery from January 2016 to December 2018 in Shanghai Chest Hospital. Based on the split date of 1 January 2018, we selected 8717 participants for the training cohort and 5357 participants for the testing cohort. For external validation, we pooled 2941 consecutive patients who received this surgical treatment from July 2016 to July 2021 in Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Independent predictors were used to develop a model and internally validated using a bootstrap-resampling approach. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and Brier score were performed to assess the model discrimination and calibration. The decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate clinical validity and net benefit. New clinically important POAF was defined as a new-onset of POAF that causes symptoms or requires treatment. Results: Multivariate analysis suggested that age, hypertension, preoperative treatment, clinical tumor stage, intraoperative arrhythmia and transfusion, and operative time were independent predictors of new clinically important POAF. These seven candidate predictors were used to develop a nomogram, which showed a concordance statistic (C-statistic) value of 0.740 and good calibration (Brier score; 0.025). Internal validation revealed similarly good discrimination (C-statistic, 0.736; 95% CI: 0.705–0.768) and calibration. The decision curve analysis showed positive net benefits with the threshold risk range of 0–100%. C-statistic value and Brier score were 0.717 and 0.028 in the testing cohort, and 0.768 and 0.012 in the external validation cohort, respectively. Conclusions: This study identified seven predictors of new clinically important POAF, among which preoperative treatment, intraoperative arrhythmia, and operative time were rarely reported. The established and externally validated model has good performance and clinical usefulness, which may promote the application of prevention and treatment in high-risk patients, and reduce the development and related adverse outcomes of this event.
Considerations regarding a meta-analysis of laparoscopic total gastrectomy vs. laparoscopic-assisted total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Miao Liu, Ai Shen, Huayang Pang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China bChongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China cDepartment of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China Co-first authorship: Miao Liu and Ai Shen Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Pang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Worldwide research trends on tumor burden and immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lei Zhang, Han Zheng, Shi-Tao Jiang, Yao-Ge Liu, Ting Zhang, Jun-Wei Zhang, Xin Lu, Hai-Tao Zhao, Xin-Ting Sang, Yi-Yao Xu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Various immunotherapy has been greatly applied to comprehensive treatment of malignant cancer under different degrees of tumor burden. Scientific researchers have gained considerable progress in the relationship between immunotherapy and tumor burden in recent years. This review aimed to explore the prospect and developing trends in the field of tumor burden and immunotherapy from a bibliometric perspective. Articles about tumor burden and immunotherapy were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on 3 January 2023). The R package 'Bibliometrix' analyzed the primary bibliometric features and created a three-filed plot to display the relationship between institutions, countries, and keywords. VOSviewer was used for co-authorship analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and their visualization. And CiteSpace calculated the citation burst references and keywords. A total of 1030 publications were retrieved from 35 years of scientific researches. The United States (US) and China published the most articles. The most productive journals were Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy and Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer . The top one institution of the highest output was University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The hot keywords of strong citation burst strength in recent years were 'nivolumab', 'tumor microenvironment', and 'immune checkpoint inhibitor'. The most popular tumor type is melanoma. This bibliometric analysis mapped a basic knowledge structure. The field of tumor burden and immunotherapy is entering a rapid growing stage and keeping it value for future research.
A commentary on ‘Laparoscopic anatomical versus non-anatomical hepatectomy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial’
Authors: Ou Li, Chaojia Ou, Honghui Zhang, Yubin Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Hunan, China, 410005 bDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong, China, 510080 Ou Li and Chaojia Ou equally contributed to the article All data in this article is available for readers. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Liu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Precise diagnosis and risk stratification of prostate cancer by comprehensive serum metabolic fingerprints: a prediction model study
Authors: Xiaochen Fei, Xinxing Du, Jiayi Wang, Jiazhou Liu, Yiming Gong, Zejun Zhao, Zhibin Cao, Qibo Fu, Yinjie Zhu, Liang Dong, Baijun Dong, Jiahua Pan, Wenshe Sun, Shaowei Xie, Wei Xue
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide and has caused increasing clinical morbidity and mortality, making timely diagnosis and accurate staging crucial. The authors introduced a novel approach based on mass spectrometry for precise diagnosis and stratification of PCa to facilitate clinical decision-making.
Molecular Targets and Therapies for Ampullary Cancer
Authors: Monica Arun Patel, Jeremy D. Kratz, Alexander S. Carlson, Ysaith Orellana Ascencio, Broc S. Kelley, Noelle K. LoConte
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Ampullary carcinomas are rare but increasing in incidence. Ampullary cancers have molecular alterations that guide choice of therapy, particularly in nonresectable cases. These alterations can be more common by subtype (intestinal, pancreaticobiliary, or mixed), and next-generation sequencing is recommended for all patients who cannot undergo surgery. In this article, we review the approach to tissue acquisition and consideration for molecular testing. Common molecular targets of interest in ampullary cancer are also discussed in this review, including HER2/ERBB2 , HER3 , tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, KRAS , and germline BRCA and ATM mutations, along with emerging and rarer alterations.
A dynamic atlas of immunocyte migration from the gut
Authors: Silvia Galván-Peña, Yangyang Zhu, Bola S. Hanna, Diane Mathis, Christophe Benoist
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Dysbiosis in the gut microbiota affects several systemic diseases, possibly by driving the migration of perturbed intestinal immunocytes to extraintestinal tissues. Combining Kaede photoconvertible mice and single-cell genomics, we generated a detailed map of migratory trajectories from the colon, at baseline, and in several models of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation. All lineages emigrated from the colon in an S1P-dependent manner. B lymphocytes represented the largest contingent, with the unexpected circulation of nonexperienced follicular B cells, which carried a gut-imprinted transcriptomic signature. T cell emigration included distinct groups of RORγ
LITAF protects against pore-forming protein–induced cell death by promoting membrane repair
Authors: Caroline Stefani, Anna M. Bruchez, Mario G. Rosasco, Anna E. Yoshida, Kayla J. Fasano, Paula F. Levan, Alina Lorant, Nicholas W. Hubbard, Andrew Oberst, Lynda M. Stuart, Adam Lacy-Hulbert
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are the largest class of bacterial toxins and contribute to virulence by triggering host cell death. Vertebrates also express endogenous pore-forming proteins that induce cell death as part of host defense. To mitigate damage and promote survival, cells mobilize membrane repair mechanisms to neutralize and counteract pores, but how these pathways are activated is poorly understood. Here, we use a transposon-based gene activation screen to discover pathways that counteract the cytotoxicity of the archetypal PFT
Regulatory T cells in skin mediate immune privilege of the hair follicle stem cell niche
Authors: Jarish N. Cohen, Victoire Gouirand, Courtney E. Macon, Margaret M. Lowe, Ian C. Boothby, Joshua M. Moreau, Iris K. Gratz, Angelika Stoecklinger, Casey T. Weaver, Arlene H. Sharpe, Roberto R. Ricardo-Gonzalez, Michael D. Rosenblum
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Immune tolerance is maintained in lymphoid organs (LOs). Despite the presence of complex immune cell networks in non-LOs, it is unknown whether self-tolerance is maintained in these tissues. We developed a technique to restrict genetic recombination to regulatory T cells (T