tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide Risk Among US Veterans With Military Service During the Vietnam War
Authors: Tim A. Bullman, Fatema Z. Akhtar, Sybil W. Morley, Julie C. Weitlauf, Yasmin S. Cypel, William J. Culpepper, Aaron I. Schneiderman, Peter C. Britton, Victoria J. Davey
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance There are persistent questions about suicide deaths among US veterans who served in the Vietnam War. It has been believed that Vietnam War veterans may be at an increased risk for suicide. Objective To determine whether military service in the Vietnam War was associated with an increased risk of suicide, and to enumerate the number of suicides and analyze patterns in suicides among Vietnam War theater veterans compared with the US population. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study compiled a roster of all Vietnam War–era veterans and Vietnam War theater veterans who served between February 28, 1961, and May 7, 1975. The 2 cohorts included theater veterans, defined as those who were deployed to the Vietnam War, and nontheater veterans, defined as those who served during the Vietnam War era but were not deployed to the Vietnam War. Mortality in these 2 cohorts was monitored from 1979 (beginning of follow-up) through 2019 (end of follow-up). Data analysis was performed between January 2022 and July 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome of interest was death by suicide occurring between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 2019. Suicide mortality was ascertained from the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) that reflected adjusted associations between suicide risk and theater status were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality rates (SMRs) were calculated to compare the number of suicides among theater and nontheater veterans with the expected number of suicides among the US population. Results This study identified 2 465 343 theater veterans (2 450 025 males [99.4%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.8 [6.7] years) and 7 122 976 nontheater veterans (6 874 606 males [96.5%]; mean [SD] age at year of entry, 33.3 [8.2] years). There were 22 736 suicides (24.1%) among theater veterans and 71 761 (75.9%) among nontheater veterans. After adjustments for covariates, Vietnam War deployment was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.93-0.96). There was no increased risk of suicide among either theater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99) or nontheater (SMR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.97-0.98) veterans compared with the US population. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found no association between Vietnam War–era military service and increased risk of suicide between 1979 and 2019. Nonetheless, the 94 497 suicides among all Vietnam War–era veterans during this period are noteworthy and merit the ongoing attention of health policymakers and mental health professionals.
Neuroimaging and artificial intelligence for assessment of chronic painful temporomandibular disorders—a comprehensive review
Authors: Mayank Shrivastava, Liang Ye
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2023)

Abstract Chronic Painful Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) are challenging to diagnose and manage due to their complexity and lack of understanding of brain mechanism. In the past few decades’ neural mechanisms of pain regulation and perception have been clarified by neuroimaging research. Advances in the neuroimaging have bridged the gap between brain activity and the subjective experience of pain. Neuroimaging has also made strides toward separating the neural mechanisms underlying the chronic painful TMD. Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming various sectors by automating tasks that previously required humans’ intelligence to complete. AI has started to contribute to the recognition, assessment, and understanding of painful TMD. The application of AI and neuroimaging in understanding the pathophysiology and diagnosis of chronic painful TMD are still in its early stages. The objective of the present review is to identify the contemporary neuroimaging approaches such as structural, functional, and molecular techniques that have been used to investigate the brain of chronic painful TMD individuals. Furthermore, this review guides practitioners on relevant aspects of AI and how AI and neuroimaging methods can revolutionize our understanding on the mechanisms of painful TMD and aid in both diagnosis and management to enhance patient outcomes.
Outcomes of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA Therapy Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Varying NAFLD Status
Authors: Sungho Bea, Han Eol Jeong, Kristian B. Filion, Oriana HY Yu, Young Min Cho, Bon Hyang Lee, Yoosoo Chang, Christopher D. Byrne, Ju-Young Shin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a cardiovascular risk factor, but whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and concomitant NAFLD remains uncertain. Objective To investigate the outcomes of SGLT-2i and GLP-1RA therapy among patients with T2D varied by the presence or absence of NAFLD. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based, nationwide cohort study used an active-comparator new-user design. Two distinct new-user active-comparator cohorts of patients aged 40 years and older who initiated SGLT-2i or GLP-1RA were propensity score matched to patients who initiated dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i). The study was conducted in South Korea from January 2013 to December 2020, and data analysis was conducted from October 2022 to March 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were (1) major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite end point of hospitalization for myocardial infarction, hospitalization for stroke, and cardiovascular death, and (2) hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). The Wald test was applied to assess heterogeneity by NAFLD. Results After 1:1 propensity score matching, 140 438 patients were retrieved in the first cohort (SGLT-2i vs DPP-4i; mean [SD] age, 57.5 [10.3] years; 79 633 [56.7%] male) and 34 886 patients were identified in the second cohort (GLP-1RA vs DPP-4i; mean [SD] age, 59.5 [10.5] years; 17 894 [51.3%] male). Compared with DPP-4i, SGLT-2i therapy was associated with a lower risk of MACE (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.71-0.85]) and HHF (HR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.48-0.81]). GLP-1RA therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE (HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.39-0.62]) but had statistically nonsignificant findings regarding HHF (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.39-1.07]). Stratified analysis by NAFLD status yielded consistent results for SGLT-2i (MACE with NAFLD: HR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.62-0.86]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.72-0.91]; HHF with NAFLD: HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.49-1.17]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.40-0.78]) and for GLP-1RA (MACE with NAFLD: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.32-0.77]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.49 [95% CI, 0.37-0.65]; HHF with NAFLD: HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.38-1.76]; without NAFLD: HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.27-1.06]). Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based cohort study, SGLT-2i therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE and HHF, while GLP-1RA therapy was associated with a decreased risk of MACE among patients with T2D, irrespective of baseline NAFLD status.
Intraoperative Blood Management Strategies for Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Tori Lenet, Daniel I. McIsaac, Julie H. Hallet, Angela Jerath, Manoj M. Lalu, Stuart G. Nicholls, Justin Presseau, Alan Tinmouth, Michael Verret, Christopher G. Wherrett, Dean A. Fergusson, Guillaume Martel, Sylvie Aucoin, Rebecca Auer, Justyna Bartoszko, Jeanna Blitz, Rodney Breau, Jeannie Callum, François Carrier, Jeffrey Carson, Lorraine Chow, Victor Ferraris, Alana Flexman, Nicolai Foss, Steven Frank, Hilary Grocott, Philip Jones, Paul Karanicolas, Stuart McCluskey, Patrick Meybohm, Michael Murphy, Lena Napolitano, Paul Ness, Antony Palmer, Timothy Pawlik, Lauren Prescott, Toby Richards, Cynthia So-Osman, Jessica Spence, Alexis Turgeon, Jonathan Waters, Erica Wood
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

There is marked variability in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion during the intraoperative period. The development and implementation of existing clinical practice guidelines have been ineffective in reducing this variability.
Rapid Advances in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Howard (Jack) West, Jae Y. Kim
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

A series of high-profile clinical trials for patients with resectable early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have recently changed the standard of care in this setting. Specifically, studies have demonstrated statistically and clinically significant improvements in efficacy with the targeted therapy for adjuvant osimertinib in patients with resected NSCLC harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) genomic abnormality (GA), whereas trials with chemotherapy combined with nivolumab in the neoadjuvant setting and others testing atezolizumab or pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy have all demonstrated improvements in event-free survival (EFS) (for neoadjuvant therapy) or disease-free survival (DFS) (for adjuvant therapy). These trials introduce many open questions about how to apply these findings in clinical practice.
Children and Adolescents With Suicidal Ideation and the Emergency Department
Authors: Rachel Cafferty, Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan, Bruno Anthony
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Viewpoint discusses the need for formal training in suicide prevention for frontline emergency clinicians and staff, including standardized screening practices, assessment and targeted interventions, and increased connection to outpatient mental health services after discharge from the emergency department.
Barriers to Family Building Among Physicians and Medical Students
Authors: Zoe King, Qiang Zhang, Jane W. Liang, Morgan S. Levy, Torie C. Plowden, Roohi Jeelani, Ariela L. Marshall, Rebecca Barnett, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Alyssa Brown, Claudia M. Mueller, Cati Brown-Johnson, Arghavan Salles
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Physicians and medical students who desire to build families face significant barriers due to the structure and culture of medicine. Objective To understand the barriers and facilitators to family building for all people in medicine—not only individuals who can become pregnant—through an open-ended, qualitative analysis of survey responses. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study used a survey conducted in April and May 2021 with a broad sample of physicians and medical students. Participants were recruited through social media, targeting physician and medical student communities. Physicians (residents, fellows, and physicians in independent practice) and medical students of all gender identities and sexual orientations were included. Informed by a postpositivist approach, coding reliability thematic analysis was performed on 3 open-ended survey questions on family-building experiences (what they would do differently, what advice they have for others, and anything else they wished to share). Main Outcomes and Measures Identified themes were mapped to the social-ecological model, a model used in public health to examine how a spectrum of factors is associated with health outcomes. Results A total of 2025 people (1860 [92%] women; 299 [15%] Asian, 151 [8%] Black, and 1303 [64%] White; 1730 [85%] heterosexual; and 1200 [59%] physicians who had completed training) responded to at least 1 of 3 open-ended questions. Themes mapped to social-ecological model levels included: (1) cultural, eg, medical training being at odds with family building; (2) organizational, eg, lack of institutional support for the range of family-building routes; (3) interpersonal, eg, impact of social support on family building; and (4) individual, eg, socioeconomic status and other individual factors that facilitate or inhibit family building. Recommendations to improve family-building experiences include implementing family-building curricula at medical schools, providing adequate parental leave for all physicians and medical students who become parents, and providing insurance coverage for all family-building routes. Conclusions and Relevance In this qualitative study of physicians and medical students, self-reported barriers to family building were identified at each level of the social-ecological model. Addressing these barriers is critical to creating a more equitable family-building environment for physicians and medical students.
Agonist Antibodies for Cancer Immunotherapy: History, Hopes, and Challenges
Authors: Sean H. Lim, Stephen A. Beers, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Mark S. Cragg
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2023)

Abstract Immunotherapy is among the most promising new treatment modalities to arise over the last two decades; antibody drugs are delivering immunotherapy to millions of patients with many different types of cancer. Initial success with antibody therapeutics came in the form of direct targeting or cytotoxic antibodies, such as rituximab and trastuzumab, which bind directly to tumor cells to elicit their destruction. These were followed by immunomodulatory antibodies that elicit antitumor responses by either stimulating immune cells or relieving tumor-mediated suppression. By far the most successful approach in the clinic to date has been relieving immune suppression, with immune checkpoint blockade now a standard approach in the treatment of many cancer types. Despite equivalent and sometimes even more impressive effects in preclinical models, agonist antibodies designed to stimulate the immune system have lagged behind in their clinical translation. In this review, we document the main receptors that have been targeted by agonist antibodies, consider the various approaches that have been evaluated to date, detail what we have learned, and consider how their anticancer potential can be unlocked.
A Call to Promote Interventions for Increased Diversity in Health Professions Programs—Beyond Trends
Authors: Cristina M. Gonzalez, Elaine De Leon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Daniel Majerczyk, PharmD; Erin M. Behnen, PharmD; David J. Weldon, PhD; Roy Kanbar, DPharm, PhD; Yolanda M. Hardy, PharmD; Stanley K. Matsuda, MS; Karen L. Hardinger, PharmD; Farid G. Khalafalla, PhD
Nontumor Cells in Tumor Samples Bias Expression-Based Models
Authors: Jiaqi Liang, Guoshu Bi, Cheng Zhan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Error in Byline
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Kerstin A. Eitz, PhD; Simon S. Lo, MD; Hany Soliman, MD; Arjun Sahgal, MD; Aimee Theriault, MD; Mark. B. Pinkham, MD; Matthew C. Foote, MD; Andrew J. Song, MD; Wenyin Shi, MD; Kristin J. Redmond, MD; Chengcheng Gui, MD; Aryavarta M. S. Kumar, MD; Mitchell Machtay, MD; Bernhard Meyer, MD; Stephanie E. Combs, MD
Radiotherapy dose escalation for high-risk meningiomas after subtotal resection
Authors: David R Raleigh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Journal Article Corrected proof Radiotherapy dose escalation for high-risk meningiomas after subtotal resection Get access David R Raleigh David R Raleigh Departments of Radiation Oncology, Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Corresponding Author: David R. Raleigh, MD, PhD, Departments of Radiation Oncology, Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Building, 1450 3rd Street, HD481, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA (david.raleigh@ucsf.edu). https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-8864 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neuro-Oncology, noad262, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad262 Published: 28 December 2023 Article history Published: 28 December 2023 Corrected and typeset: 19 January 2024
IRE1 endoribonuclease signaling promotes myeloid cell infiltration in glioblastoma
Authors: Joanna Obacz, Jérôme Archambeau, Elodie Lafont, Manon Nivet, Sophie Martin, Marc Aubry, Konstantinos Voutetakis, Raphael Pineau, Rachel Boniface, Daria Sicari, Diana Pelizzari-Raymundo, Gevorg Ghukasyan, Eoghan McGrath, Efstathios-Iason Vlachavas, Matthieu Le Gallo, Pierre Jean Le Reste, Kim Barroso, Tanya Fainsod-Levi, Akram Obiedat, Zvi Granot, Boaz Tirosh, Juhi Samal, Abhay Pandit, Luc Négroni, Nicolas Soriano, Annabelle Monnier, Jean Mosser, Aristotelis Chatziioannou, Véronique Quillien, Eric Chevet, Tony Avril
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Intrinsic or environmental stresses trigger the accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To cope with this, cells have evolved an adaptive mechanism named the unfolded protein response (UPR) which is hijacked by tumor cells to develop malignant features. Glioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, relies on UPR to sustain growth. We recently showed that IRE1 alpha (referred to IRE1 hereafter), 1 of the UPR transducers, promotes GB invasion, angiogenesis, and infiltration by macrophage. Hence, high tumor IRE1 activity in tumor cells predicts a worse outcome. Herein, we characterized the IRE1-dependent signaling that shapes the immune microenvironment toward monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. Methods We used human and mouse cellular models in which IRE1 was genetically or pharmacologically invalidated and which were tested in vivo. Publicly available datasets from GB patients were also analyzed to confirm our findings. Results We showed that IRE1 signaling, through both the transcription factor XBP1s and the regulated IRE1-dependent decay controls the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2D3. In turn, UBE2D3 activates the NFκB pathway, resulting in chemokine production and myeloid infiltration in tumors. Conclusions Our work identifies a novel IRE1/UBE2D3 proinflammatory axis that plays an instrumental role in GB immune regulation.
Nontumor Cells in Tumor Samples Bias Expression-Based Models—Reply
Authors: Rohan R. Katipally, Sean P. Pitroda
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
In vitro evidence of synergistic efficacy with asciminib combined with reduced dose of ATP-binding pocket tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to the ABL1 kinase domain mutation profile
Authors: Ho-Jae Han, Jaeyoon John Kim, Danielle Pyne, Anthea Travas, Amirthagowri Ambalavanan, Shinya Kimura, Michael W Deininger, Jong-Won Kim, Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
Journal: Leukemia (2023)
Biomimetic nanotherapeutics for homotypic-targeting photothermal/chemotherapy of oral cancer
Authors: Hongjiao Li, Li Zhu, Yao Zhang, Lin Yang, Wei Wu, Deqin Yang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)

Given the inherent complexity of cancer treatment and the limitations of singular therapeutic modalities, the development of an optimal nanocarrier system capable of facilitating synergistic organic therapy remains a profound challenge. Herein, a synergetic chemo/photothermal therapy nanoplatform was exploited to specifically tailor for the augmented treatment of oral cancer. A cancer cell membrane-camouflaged nanocarrier was developed with a polymeric core encapsulating doxorubicin (DOX). The designed nanoparticles (CC@DOXNPs) inherited the functional membrane proteins from the source cancer cells, endowing their remarkable ability to selectively target cancer cells delivery both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, indocyanine green (ICG), modified with the phospholipid polymer DSPE-PEG2000, was introduced into the cancer cell membrane to enable photothermal therapy. Remarkably, as evaluated in a preclinical subcutaneous and orthotopic mice model of oral cancer, biomimetic composite nanotherapeutics (lip-CC@DOXNPs) could significantly accumulate into tumor lesion and effectively suppress tumor growth under the near-infrared (NIR, 808 nm) irradiation, without causing the undesirable systematic toxicity. Moreover, RNA sequence analyses indicated that chemo/photothermal therapy triggers the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis through the p53 signaling pathway. Combined with gene expression results, this intrinsic mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway was further demonstrated. Collectively, this multifaceted nanoplatforms possess a remarkable capability for tumor-targeting drug delivery, and the proficient photothermal conversion ability, rendering them an ideal therapeutic approach for oral cancer treatment.
Multifunctional Nanofibrous Scaffolds Capable of Localized Delivery of Theranostic Nanoparticles for Postoperative Cancer Management (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 32/2023)
Authors: Lin Guo, Qilong Zhao, Li‐wu Zheng, Min Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Multifunctional Scaffolds In article number 2302484, Qilong Zhao, Min Wang, and co-workers develop a multifunctional scaffold capable of localized delivery of theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) from incorporated core-shell microspheres, which can used for postoperative wound care as a soft tissue-engineered patch, as well as monitoring and clearance of residual cancer cells via the released NPs with active targeting, surface enhanced Raman scattering activity, and photothermal effect.