tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Historical myths define group boundaries: A mathematical sketch and evidence from Ukraine
Authors: Matthew R Zefferman, Paul E Smaldino
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract The authors' proposal for the evolutionary origins of historical myths does not hold up to scrutiny, as illustrated by a simple mathematical model. Group-level explanations, such as defining the conditions for in-group membership, are dismissed by the authors but are far more plausible, as illustrated by the ongoing war in Ukraine.
Group myths can create shared understanding even if they don't act as superstimuli
Authors: Moshe Hoffman, Cristina Moya
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Sijilmassi et al. argue that myths around shared ancestry and history exploit an evolved psychology of interdependence. In contrast, we argue that psychological exploitation is not required. Rather, such myths may be one method, among many, to create a shared understanding of group boundaries, which can be “self-enforcing.” We summarize the game-theoretic basis for this account and some supportive evidence.
Myths and fitness interdependence: Beyond coalitional longevity
Authors: Rachel Z Friedman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract This comment seeks to extend the authors' argument by considering how perceived fitness interdependence is generated in different settings. Based primarily on research from political science, it argues that strategic agents may seek to design myths that emphasize not only the longevity of their coalitions, but also internal features such as material and status equality and institutional impartiality.
Why some coalitions benefit from historical myths more than others
Authors: Luuk L Snijder, Carsten K W De Dreu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Behavioural ecologies in themselves can create variation in fitness interdependencies among individuals, and hence modulate the functionality of invoking historical myths. We develop this possibility for the case where coalitions form to attack and exploit enemies, or to defend and protect against hostile out-groups. We propose that invoking historical myths are functional and observed especially when groups aggressively expand.
The Trojan horse of historical myths: Emotion-driven narratives as a strategy for coalitional recruitment
Authors: Petra Pelletier, Nicolas Fay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Sijilmassi et al. offer a cognitive account of historical myths, which they present as a cognitive technology designed to recruit coalitional support. We argue this account is incomplete, and that a comprehensive explanation of historical myths must include a central role for human emotions. In particular, emotion-driven narratives have the capacity to recruit coalitional support, which is critical to large-scale human cooperation and social cohesion.
Historical myths as commitment devices
Authors: Stefaan Blancke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Sijilmassi et al. claim that historical myths are technologies of recruitment that mimic cues of fitness interdependence. Paradoxically, they also claim that people are vigilant and that these myths might not and do not have to convince others, which raises questions about how these myths become culturally successful. Thinking about historical myths as commitment devices helps overcome this paradox.
Homo historicus: History as psychological science
Authors: David Pietraszewski, Michael Moncrieff
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Historical myths are indeed a mystery in need of explanation, and we elaborate on the present adaptationist account. However, the same analysis can also be applied to motivations to produce and consume history in general: That humans produce and consume history is also a mystery in need of psychological explanation. An adaptationist psychological science of history is needed.
Past glories feel good but creative minorities push us forward
Authors: James C Kaufman, Todd B Kashdan, Patrick E McKnight
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Historical narratives can satisfy basic individual psychological needs. However, an over-reliance on a group's past can marginalize those who think differently – thus, homogenizing the culture and stifling creativity. By revising narratives to balance the power of collective narratives with the richness of individuality, we foster groups that encourage varied identities.
The social cognitive evolution of myths: Collective narratives of shared pasts as markers for coalitions' communicative and cooperative prowess
Authors: Wouter Wolf
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract To understand why humans put much effort into celebrating cultural myths, it is crucial to approach this phenomenon as part of humans' broader social cognitive evolution. Specifically, humans' unique capacity to bond with others through shared/collective representations of shared experiences has likely caused individuals to use myths to assess not only coalitions' fitness interdependence, but also their cooperative prowess.
Collective selfhood as a psychically necessary illusion
Authors: Peter Fonagy, Chloe Campbell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Drawing on developmental psychopathology and thinking about the we-mode of social cognition, we propose that historical myths – be they on the scale of the family, the nation, or an ethnic group – are an expression and function of our need to join with other minds. As such, historical myths are one cognitive technology used to facilitate social learning, the transmission of culture and the relational mentalizing that underpins social and emotional functioning.
A terror management theory perspective on the appeal of historical myths
Authors: Tom Pyszczynski, Sheldon Solomon, Jeff Greenberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Historical myths are appealing primarily because they provide people with views of life and their role in it as significant and enduring. These worldviews help people manage death anxiety by enabling them to view themselves as part of something great that stretches far into the past and endures indefinitely into the future. We review empirical evidence supporting this analysis.
The influence of stories including myths of origin
Authors: Keith Oatley, Si Jia Wu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Sijilmassi et al. argue that myths serve to gain coalitional support by detailing shared histories of ancestry and cooperation. They overlook the emotional influences of stories, which include myths of human origin. We suggest that influential myths do not promote cooperation principally by signaling common ancestry, but by prompting human emotions of interdependence and connection.
Historical myths promote cooperation through affective states
Authors: Caleb Wildes, Kristin Andrews
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Although we agree that historical myths function to increase cooperation in the groups that share them, we propose that the mechanisms at work may include affective states. We suggest that sharing historical myths can create a felt sense of intimacy, similarity, and security among group members, which increases trust and motivates cooperation, even without particular beliefs about population structure.
Mythos in the light of evolution
Authors: Alexandra Maryanski, Jonathan H Turner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract This commentary adds elements of analysis from the new evolutionary sociology that might help to support the mythologic hypothesis. It discusses the likelihood of a more generalized processer rather than exactly evolved psychological mechanisms, the consequences of bottlenecks, and the importance of utilizing molecular, fossil, and primate data in the authors' research program.
System vaccinology analysis of predictors and mechanisms of antibody response durability to multiple vaccines in humans
Authors: Mario Cortese, Thomas Hagan, Nadine Rouphael, Sheng-Yang Wu, Xia Xie, Dmitri Kazmin, Florian Wimmers, Shakti Gupta, Robbert van der Most, Margherita Coccia, Prabhu S. Aranuchalam, Helder I. Nakaya, Yating Wang, Elizabeth Coyle, Shu Horiuchi, Hanchih Wu, Mary Bower, Aneesh Mehta, Clifford Gunthel, Steve E. Bosinger, Yuri Kotliarov, Foo Cheung, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, Ronald N. Germain, John Tsang, Shuzhao Li, Randy Albrecht, Hideki Ueno, Shankar Subramaniam, Mark J. Mulligan, Surender Khurana, Hana Golding, Bali Pulendran
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)
A stromal inflammasome Ras safeguard against Myc-driven lymphomagenesis
Authors: Andrew Kent, Kristel Joy Yee Mon, Zachary Hutchins, Gregory Putzel, Dmitry Zhigarev, Alexander Grier, Baosen Jia, Roderik M. Kortlever, Gaetan Barbet, Gerard I. Evan, J. Magarian Blander
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)
Antigen experience history directs distinct functional states of CD8+ CAR T cells during the antileukemia response
Authors: Kole R. DeGolier, Etienne Danis, Marc D’Antonio, Jennifer Cimons, Michael Yarnell, Ross M. Kedl, M. Eric Kohler, James P. Scott-Browne, Terry J. Fry
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)

Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective against B-lineage malignancies, post-CAR relapse is common, and efficacy in other tumors is limited. These challenges may be addressed through rational manipulations to control CAR T cell function. Here we examine the impact of cognate T cell antigen experience on subsequent CD8+ CAR T cell activity. Prior antigen encounter resulted in superior effector function against leukemia expressing low target antigen density at the expense of reduced proliferative capacity and susceptibility to dysfunction at limiting CAR doses. Distinctive temporal transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles in naive-derived and memory-derived CAR T cells identified RUNX family transcription factors as potential targets to augment the function of naive-derived CD8+ CAR T cells. RUNX2 overexpression enhanced antitumor efficacy of mouse CAR T cells, dependent on prior cell state, and heightened human CAR T cell functions. Our data demonstrate that prior antigen experience of CAR T cells determines functional attributes and amenability to transcription factor-mediated functional enhancement. Here, Fry and colleagues examine the impact of antigen experience on subsequent CD8+ CAR T cell activity during the antileukemia response and show that RUNX2 overexpression enhances antitumor activity of these cells.
A real world evaluation of an innovative artificial intelligence tool for population-level breast cancer screening
Authors: Karthik Adapa, Ashu Gupta, Sandeep Singh, Hitinder Kaur, Abhinav Trikha, Ajoy Sharma, Kumar Rahul
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

In resource-constrained countries like India, mammography-based breast screening is challenging to implement. This state-wide study, funded by the Government of Punjab, evaluated the use of Thermalytix, a low-cost, radiation-free AI tool, for breast cancer screening. Community health workers, trained to raise awareness, mobilized women aged 30 and above for screening. Thermalytix triaged women into five risk categories based on thermal images, with high-risk women recalled for diagnostic imaging. Over 18 months, 15,069 women were screened across 183 locations in Punjab. The median age was 41 years, and 69.9% were asymptomatic. Of 460 women testing positive (recall rate 3.1%), 268 underwent follow-up imaging, and 27 were confirmed with breast cancer, yielding a detection rate of 0.18%. The positive predictive value of biopsy performed was 81.81%, and the median diagnostic interval was 21 days, with therapy initiation within 30 days. The study demonstrates the potential of Thermalytix for effective population-level breast cancer screening in low-resource settings.
Functional dynamics of G protein-coupled receptors reveal new routes for drug discovery
Authors: Paolo Conflitti, Edward Lyman, Mark S. P. Sansom, Peter W. Hildebrand, Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán, Paolo Carloni, T. Bertie Ansell, Shuguang Yuan, Patrick Barth, Anne S. Robinson, Christopher G. Tate, David Gloriam, Stephan Grzesiek, Matthew T. Eddy, Scott Prosser, Vittorio Limongelli
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2025)
A multitask deep learning model utilizing electrocardiograms for major cardiovascular adverse events prediction
Authors: Ching-Heng Lin, Zhi-Yong Liu, Pao-Hsien Chu, Jung-Sheng Chen, Hsin-Hsu Wu, Ming-Shien Wen, Chang-Fu Kuo, Ting-Yu Chang
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Deep learning analysis of electrocardiography (ECG) may predict cardiovascular outcomes. We present a novel multi-task deep learning model, the ECG-MACE, which predicts the one-year first-ever major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) using 2,821,889 standard 12-lead ECGs, including training (n = 984,895), validation (n = 422,061), and test (n = 1,414,933) sets, from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital database in Taiwan. Data from another independent medical center (n = 113,224) was retrieved for external validation. The model's performance achieves AUROCs of 0.90 for heart failure (HF), 0.85 for myocardial infarction (MI), 0.76 for ischemic stroke (IS), and 0.89 for mortality. Furthermore, it outperforms the Framingham risk score at 5-year MACEs and 10-year mortality prediction. Over 10-year follow-ups, the model-predicted-positive group exhibits significantly higher MACE incidences than the model-predicted-negative group (relative incidence ratio: HF: 15.28; MI: 7.87; IS: 4.74; mortality: 13.18). Using solely ECGs, ECG-MACE effectively predicts one-year events and exhibits long-term anticipation. It provides potential applications in preventive medicine.
Lung Ultrasound to Detect Overdistension in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Paolo Persona, Ilaria Valeri, Francesco Zarantonello, Edoardo Forin, Emanuele Pivetta, Tommaso Antonio Giacon, Tommaso Pettenuzzo, Giovanni Volpicelli, Paolo Navalesi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)
Standard Risk Scores Inadequately Estimate Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in COPD
Authors: Ashraf Fawzy, Claus F Vogelmeier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)

"Standard Risk Scores Inadequately Estimate Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease in COPD." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Metronomic Capecitabine Plus Aromatase Inhibitor as Initial Therapy in Patients With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer—The Phase III MECCA Trial
Authors: Ruo-Xi Hong, Fei Xu, Wen Xia, Yue-E Teng, Qu-Chang Ouyang, Qiu-Fan Zheng, Zhong-Yu Yuan, Dong-Shao Chen, Kui-Kui Jiang, Ying Lin, Zhen Dai, Xin-Lan Liu, Qian-Jun Chen, Xin-Hong Wu, Yan-Xia Shi, Jia-Jia Huang, Xin An, Cong Xue, Xi-Wen Bi, Mei-Ting Chen, Hui Li, He-Rui Yao, Guo-Rong Zou, Heng Huang, Jing-Min Zhang, Shu-Sen Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE The effects of metronomic chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy have yet to be elucidated through a randomized phase III clinical trial. METHODS Randomized clinical trials were conducted at 12 centers in China from August 22, 2017, to September 24, 2021, and the final follow-up date was August 25, 2023. Patients with hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had no previous systemic therapy in the metastatic setting were enrolled. Participants were 1:1 assigned to receive either metronomic capecitabine plus an aromatase inhibitor (AI) or AI alone. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points included overall survival (OS), objective response rate, disease control rate (defined as disease controlled for ≥24 weeks), and safety. RESULTS A total of 263 patients were randomly assigned, among which 254 patients formed the full analysis set. At the median follow-up time of 50.7 months, 203 PFS events occurred. The metronomic capecitabine plus AI arm exhibited a median PFS of 20.9 months compared with 11.9 months in the AI arm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58 [95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76]). The median OS was not reached in the combination arm and was 45.1 months in the AI arm (HR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.93]). The most common adverse events were palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia and peripheral neuropathy; grade 3 events occurred in 15.1% of the patients receiving combination treatment. CONCLUSION The MECCA trial demonstrated a significant improvement in PFS and OS with first-line metronomic capecitabine plus AI compared with AI alone in patients with hormone receptor-positive+/HER2-negative MBC. Both treatment arms exhibited tolerable safety profiles consistent with previous reports.
Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Otto Metzger Filho, Karla Ballman, Jordan Campbell, Minetta Liu, Jennifer Ligibel, Mark Watson, Eveline Chen, Lili Du, Daniel Stover, Lisa Carey, Ann Partridge, Jeffrey Kirshner, Hyman Muss, Clifford Hudis, Eric P. Winer, Larry Norton, W. Fraser Symmans
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE In light of evolving evidence that some patients with node-positive estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) disease may receive less benefit from chemotherapy, this study reports 12-year outcomes of the C9741 trial overall, and by the sensitivity to endocrine therapy (SET2,3) test index, a biomarker measuring endocrine transcriptional activity, to identify patients most likely to benefit from dose-dense chemotherapy. METHODS In all, 1,973 patients were randomly assigned to dose-dense versus conventional chemotherapy. Hazard ratios (HRs) for prognosis and for predictive interaction with chemotherapy schedule were estimated from Cox models of long-term disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). SET2,3 was tested on the 682 banked RNA samples from ER+ cancers. RESULTS Dose-dense chemotherapy improved DFS in the overall study population by 23% (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.66 to 0.90]) and OS by 20% (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95]); the benefits of dose-dense therapy were seen for ER+ and ER-negative subsets, without significant interaction between treatment arm and ER status. Low SET2,3 status was highly prognostic, but also predicted improved outcomes from dose-dense chemotherapy (interaction P = .0998 for DFS; 0.027 for OS), independent of menopausal status. Specifically, low endocrine transcriptional activity predicted benefit from dose-dense chemotherapy, whereas tumor burden and proliferation-driven signatures for molecular subtype classification did not. CONCLUSION At 12-year follow-up, C9741 confirmed the sustained long-term benefit of adjuvant dose-dense chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. SET2,3 identified patients with ER+ breast cancer who benefited from dose-dense chemotherapy, and specifically, this benefit was predicted by low endocrine activity in the cancer, rather than tumor burden, molecular subtype, or menopausal status.
Tirzepatide Associated With Reduced Albuminuria in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Post Hoc Analysis From the Randomized Active- and Placebo-Controlled SURPASS-1–5 Clinical Trials
Authors: Ellen M. Apperloo, Katherine R. Tuttle, Imre Pavo, Axel Haupt, Rebecca Taylor, Russell J. Wiese, Andrea Hemmingway, David Z. I. Cherney, Naveed Sattar, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Tirzepatide, a long-acting, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, reduced urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in people with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk in the SURPASS-4 trial. To examine the generalizability of these findings, we assessed change from baseline in UACR for tirzepatide (5, 10, and 15 mg) compared with active and placebo treatment in a broad population from the SURPASS-1–5 trials. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This post hoc analysis examined data from the overall pooled SURPASS-1–5 population and subgroups defined by baseline UACR ≥30 mg/g. A mixed model for repeated measures was used to analyze on-treatment data from baseline to the end-of-treatment visit. Study identifier was included in the model as a covariate. RESULTS The adjusted mean percent change from baseline in UACR for tirzepatide 5, 10, or 15 mg compared with all pooled comparators was −19.3% (95% CI −25.5, −12.5), −22.0% (−28.1, −15.3), and −26.3 (−32.0, −20.0), respectively, at week 40/42. Results were similar across pooled placebo, active, and insulin comparator studies. UACR lowering appeared more pronounced in subgroups with UACR ≥30 mg/g. Mediation analysis findings suggested that approximately one-half of the reduction in albuminuria associated with tirzepatide may be weight loss related. There was no difference in eGFR between tirzepatide and pooled comparators at week 40/42. CONCLUSIONS In this post hoc analysis in people with type 2 diabetes, including those with chronic kidney disease, tirzepatide was associated with a clinically relevant decreased UACR versus comparators, suggesting a potential kidney-protective effect.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures in Prediabetes Progressing to Diabetes or Reversing to Normoglycemia Within 1 Year
Authors: Marko Barovic, Joke Johanna Hahn, Annett Heinrich, Trishla Adhikari, Peter Schwarz, Peter Mirtschink, Alexander Funk, Stefan Kabisch, Andreas F.H. Pfeiffer, Matthias Blüher, Jochen Seissler, Norbert Stefan, Robert Wagner, Andreas Fritsche, Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg, Sarantis Chlamydas, Hani Harb, Christos S. Mantzoros, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Annette Schürmann, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Michael Roden, Michele Solimena, Stefan R. Bornstein, Nikolaos Perakakis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes has been associated with β-cell dysfunction, whereas its remission to normoglycemia has been related to improvement of insulin sensitivity. To understand the mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers related to prediabetes trajectories, we compared the proteomics and metabolomics profile of people with prediabetes progressing to diabetes or reversing to normoglycemia within 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The fasting plasma concentrations of 1,389 proteins and the fasting, 30-min, and 120-min post–oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) plasma concentrations of 152 metabolites were measured in up to 134 individuals with new-onset diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose tolerance. For 108 participants, the analysis was repeated with samples from 1 year before, when all had prediabetes. RESULTS The plasma concentrations of 14 proteins were higher in diabetes compared with normoglycemia in a population with prediabetes 1 year before, and they correlated with indices of insulin sensitivity. Higher levels of dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase and glutathione S-transferase A3 in the prediabetic state were associated with an increased risk of diabetes 1 year later. Pathway analysis pointed toward differences in immune response between diabetes and normoglycemia that were already recognizable in the prediabetic state 1 year prior at baseline. The area under the curve during OGTT of the concentrations of IDL particles, IDL apolipoprotein B, and IDL cholesterol was higher in new-onset diabetes compared with normoglycemia. The concentration of glutamate increased in prediabetes progressing to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS We identify new candidates associated with the progression of prediabetes to diabetes or its remission to normoglycemia. Pathways regulating the immune response are related to prediabetes trajectories.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Independently Predicts Incident Foot Ulcers in People With Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Jennifer A. Pallin, Pernille F. Rønn, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Anne Rasmussen, Jesper Fleischer, Marit E. Jørgensen, Sean F. Dinneen, Patricia M. Kearney, Claire M. Buckley, Christian S. Hansen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)