tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ecological Changes Exacerbating the Spread of Invasive Ticks has Driven the Dispersal of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Throughout Southeast Asia
Authors: Lester J Pérez, Guy Baele, Samuel L Hong, Gavin A Cloherty, Michael G Berg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne virus recognized by the World Health Organization as an emerging infectious disease of growing concern. Utilizing phylodynamic and phylogeographic methods, we have reconstructed the origin and transmission patterns of SFTSV lineages and the roles demographic, ecological, and climatic factors have played in shaping its emergence and spread throughout Asia. Environmental changes and fluctuations in tick populations, exacerbated by the widespread use of pesticides, have contributed significantly to its geographic expansion. The increased adaptability of Lineage L2 strains to the Haemaphysalis longicornis vector has facilitated the dispersal of SFTSV through Southeast Asia. Increased surveillance and proactive measures are needed to prevent further spread to Australia, Indonesia, and North America.
Host-microbial interactions differ with age of asthma onset
Authors: Ali Versi, Adnan Azim, Fransiskus Xaverius Ivan, Mahmoud I Abdel-Aziz, Stewart Bates, John Riley, Anke H Maitland-Van Der Zee, Sven-Erik Dahlen, Ratko Djukanovic, Sanjay H Chotirmall, Peter Howarth, Nazanin Zounemat Kermani, Kian Fan Chung, Ian M Adcock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)
Resolution of tuberculosis blood RNA signatures fails to discriminate persistent sputum culture positivity after eight weeks of anti-tuberculous treatment
Authors: Claire J Calderwood, Alvaro Sanchez Martinez, James Greenan-Barrett, Carolin T Turner, Blanché Oguti, Jennifer K Roe, Rishi Gupta, Adrian R Martineau, Mahdad Noursadeghi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Concerted efforts aim to reduce the burden of 6 months of anti-tuberculous treatment for tuberculosis (TB). Treatment cessation at 8 weeks is effective for most but incurs increased risk of disease relapse. We tested the hypothesis that blood RNA signatures or C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements discriminate 8-week sputum culture status, as a prerequisite for a biomarker to stratify risk of relapse following treatment cessation at this time-point.
Consistent signatures in the human gut microbiome of longevous populations
Authors: Shu Chen, Zhao Zhang, Sanxin Liu, Tao Chen, Zhengqi Lu, Wenjing Zhao, Xiangyu Mou, Sheng Liu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Gut microbiota of centenarians has garnered significant attention in recent years, with most studies concentrating on the analysis of microbial composition. However, there is still limited knowledge regarding the consistent signatures of specific species and their biological functions, as well as the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and longevity. To address this, we performed the fecal metagenomic analysis of eight longevous populations at the species and functional level, and employed the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to infer the causal associations between microbial taxa and longevity-related traits. We observed that several species including
Prognostic impact of cytogenetic abnormalities by FISH in AL amyloidosis with daratumumab-based frontline therapy
Authors: Rajshekhar Chakraborty, Saurabh Zanwar, Ute Hegenbart, Divaya Bhutani, Morie A Gertz, Angela Dispenzieri, Shaji K Kumar, Anita D'Souza, Anannya Patwari, Andrew J Cowan, GuiZhen Chen, Paolo Milani, Giovanni Palladini, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Geethika Bodanapu, Stefan Schönland, Suzanne Lentzsch, Eli Muchtar
Journal: Blood (2024)
The variation in post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer rates among endoscopy providers in England and associated factors: a population-based study
Authors: Umair Kamran, Felicity Evison, Eva Judith Ann Morris, Matthew J Brookes, Matthew David Rutter, Mimi McCord, Nicola J Adderley, Nigel Trudgill
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Abstract Background Post-endoscopy upper gastrointestinal cancer (PEUGIC) is an important key performance indicator for endoscopy quality. We examined variation in PEUGIC rates among endoscopy providers in England and explored associated factors. Methods The was a population-based, retrospective, case–control study, examining data from National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service and Hospital Episode Statistics databases for esophageal and gastric cancers diagnosed between 2009 and 2018 in England. PEUGIC were cancers diagnosed 6 to 36 months after an endoscopy that did not diagnose cancer. Associated factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results The national PEUGIC rate was 8.5%, varying from 5% to 13% among endoscopy providers. Factors associated with PEUGIC included: female sex (odds ratio [OR] 1.29 [95%CI 1.23–1.36]); younger age (age &gt;80 years, OR 0.52 [0.48–0.56], compared with ≤60 years); increasing comorbidity (Charlson score &gt;4, OR 5.06 [4.45–5.76]); history of esophageal ulcer (OR 3.30 [3.11–3.50]), Barrett’s esophagus (OR 3.21 [3.02–3.42]), esophageal stricture (OR 1.28 [1.20–1.37]), or gastric ulcer (OR 1.55 [1.44–1.66]); squamous cell carcinoma (OR 1.50 [1.39–1.61]); and UK national endoscopy accreditation status – providers requiring improvement (OR 1.10 [1.01–1.20]), providers never assessed (OR 1.24 [1.04–1.47]). Conclusion PEUGIC rates varied threefold among endoscopy providers, suggesting unwarranted differences in endoscopy quality. PEUGIC was associated with endoscopy findings known to be associated with upper gastrointestinal cancer and a lack of national endoscopy provider accreditation. PEUGIC variations suggest an opportunity to raise performance standards to detect upper gastrointestinal cancers earlier and improve outcomes.
First dose of misoprostol administration at home or in hospital for medical abortion between 12–22 gestational weeks in Sweden (PRIMA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Johanna Rydelius, Helena Hognert, Helena Kopp-Kallner, Karin Brandell, Joanna Romell, Karin Zetterström, Pia Teleman, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Trauma care supported through a global telemedicine initiative during the 2023–24 military assault on the Gaza Strip, occupied Palestinian territory: a case series
Authors: Khaled Alser, Saad I Mallah, Yehya Rami Abu El-Oun, Mohammed Ghayada, Abd Al-Karim Sammour, Mads Gilbert, Simon Fitzgerald, Zarina Shaikh, Osaid Alser
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Adiposity and metabolic health in Asian populations: an epidemiological study using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in Singapore
Authors: Theresia Mina, Wubin Xie, Dorrain Yanwen Low, Xiaoyan Wang, Benjamin Chih Chiang Lam, Nilanjana Sadhu, Hong Kiat Ng, Nur-Azizah Aziz, Terry Yoke Yin Tong, Swat Kim Kerk, Wee Lin Choo, Guo Liang Low, Halimah Ibrahim, Liming Lim, E Shyong Tai, Gervais Wansaicheong, Rinkoo Dalan, Yik Weng Yew, Paul Elliott, Elio Riboli, Marie Loh, Joanne Ngeow, Eng Sing Lee, Jimmy Lee, James Best, John Chambers
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)
Global estimation of dietary micronutrient inadequacies: a modelling analysis
Authors: Simone Passarelli, Christopher M Free, Alon Shepon, Ty Beal, Carolina Batis, Christopher D Golden
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)

Inadequate micronutrient intakes and related deficiencies are a major challenge to global public health. Analyses over the past 10 years have assessed global micronutrient deficiencies and inadequate nutrient supplies, but there have been no global estimates of inadequate micronutrient intakes. We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes for 15 essential micronutrients and to identify dietary nutrient gaps in specific demographic groups and countries.
The potential for large language models to transform cardiovascular medicine
Authors: Giorgio Quer, Eric J Topol
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Cardiovascular diseases persist as the leading cause of death globally and their early detection and prediction remain a major challenge. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools can help meet this challenge as they have considerable potential for early diagnosis and prediction of occurrence of these diseases. Deep neural networks can improve the accuracy of medical image interpretation and their outputs can provide rich information that otherwise would not be detected by cardiologists. With recent advances in transformer models, multimodal AI, and large language models, the ability to integrate electronic health record data with images, genomics, biosensors, and other data has the potential to improve diagnosis and partition patients who are at high risk for primary preventive strategies. Although much emphasis has been placed on AI supporting clinicians, AI can also serve patients and provide immediate help with diagnosis, such as that of arrhythmia, and is being studied for automated self-imaging. Potential risks, such as loss of data privacy or potential diagnostic errors, should be addressed before use in clinical practice. This Series paper explores opportunities and limitations of AI models for cardiovascular medicine, and aims to identify specific barriers to and solutions in the application of AI models, facilitating their integration into health-care systems.
Digital tools in heart failure: addressing unmet needs
Authors: Peder L Myhre, Jasper Tromp, Wouter Ouwerkerk, Daniel S W Ting, Kieran F Docherty, C Michael Gibson, Carolyn S P Lam
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

This Series paper provides an overview of digital tools in heart failure care, encompassing screening, early diagnosis, treatment initiation and optimisation, and monitoring, and the implications these tools could have for research. The current medical environment favours the implementation of digital tools in heart failure due to rapid advancements in technology and computing power, unprecedented global connectivity, and the paradigm shift towards digitisation. Despite available effective therapies for heart failure, substantial inadequacies in managing the condition have hindered improvements in patient outcomes, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. As digital health tools continue to evolve and exert a growing influence on both clinical care and research, establishing clinical frameworks and supportive ecosystems that enable their effective use on a global scale is crucial.
Diagnostic accuracy of a machine learning algorithm using point-of-care high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I for rapid rule-out of myocardial infarction: a retrospective study
Authors: Betül Toprak, Hugo Solleder, Eleonora Di Carluccio, Jaimi H Greenslade, William A Parsonage, Karen Schulz, Louise Cullen, Fred S Apple, Andreas Ziegler, Stefan Blankenberg
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Point-of-care (POC) high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays have been shown to provide similar analytical precision despite substantially shorter turnaround times compared with laboratory-based hs-cTn assays. We applied the previously developed machine learning based personalised Artificial Intelligence in Suspected Myocardial Infarction Study (ARTEMIS) algorithm, which can predict the individual probability of myocardial infarction, with a single POC hs-cTn measurement, and compared its diagnostic performance with standard-of-care pathways for rapid rule-out of myocardial infarction.
Commentary
Authors: Maham Hayat, Peter V. Draganov, Dennis Yang
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Comment on: Peroral endoscopic mediastinal tunneling myotomy for esophageal achalasia: the first case treated in mediastinal tunnelEndoscopy 2024; 56(S 01): E400-E401DOI: 10.1055/a-2308-2823
Lumen-apposing metal stents for pancreatic fluid collections: what makes a difference?
Authors: Tomotaka Saito, Saburo Matsubara, Akinori Maruta, Yousuke Nakai, Ichiro Yasuda
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Lumen-apposing metal stents for the treatment of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections and bleeding risk: a propensity matched studyEndoscopy 2024; 56(04): 249-257DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-3179
Reply to Liu and Hu
Authors: Nitin Jagtap, Manu Tandan, D. Nageshwar Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Comments on "Predictors of persistent pain after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for painful chronic calcific pancreatitis"Endoscopy 2024; 56(09): 719-720DOI: 10.1055/a-2307-6320
Concerns about the study of Yzet et al. on treatment of residual colorectal neoplasia after endoscopic resection
Authors: Wanjun Wang, Jiankun Wang, Zhining Fan, Kexin He
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Use of endoscopic submucosal dissection or full-thickness resection device to treat residual colorectal neoplasia after endoscopic resection: a multicenter historical cohort studyEndoscopy 2023; 55(11): 1002-1009DOI: 10.1055/a-2116-9930
Assessing lower esophageal sphincter integrity during peroral endoscopic myotomy: navigating the challenges of preservation versus division
Authors: Zaheer Nabi, Nageshwar D. Reddy
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: When less is more: lower esophageal sphincter-preserving peroral endoscopic myotomy is effective for non-achalasia esophageal motility disordersEndoscopy 2024; 56(06): 431-436DOI: 10.1055/a-2239-7371
Mitigating the risk of artificial intelligence bias in cardiovascular care
Authors: Ariana Mihan, Ambarish Pandey, Harriette Gc Van Spall
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Digital health technologies can generate data that can be used to train artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which have been particularly transformative in cardiovascular health-care delivery. However, digital and health-care data repositories that are used to train AI algorithms can introduce bias when data are homogeneous and health-care processes are inequitable. AI bias can also be introduced during algorithm development, testing, implementation, and post-implementation processes. The consequences of AI algorithmic bias can be considerable, including missed diagnoses, misclassification of disease, incorrect risk prediction, and inappropriate treatment recommendations. This bias can disproportionately affect marginalised demographic groups. In this Series paper, we provide a brief overview of AI applications in cardiovascular health care, discuss stages of algorithm development and associated sources of bias, and provide examples of harm from biased algorithms. We propose strategies that can be applied during the training, testing, and implementation of AI algorithms to mitigate bias so that all those at risk for or living with cardiovascular disease might benefit equally from AI.
Comments on “Predictors of persistent pain after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for painful chronic calcific pancreatitis”
Authors: Miao Liu, Liang-Hao Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Predictors of persistent pain after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for painful chronic calcific pancreatitisEndoscopy 2024; 56(06): 406-411DOI: 10.1055/a-2252-9920
Charting a greener path: ESGE and ESGENA’s vision for sustainable gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: João A. Cunha Neves, Enrique Rodríguez de Santiago
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

As the climate crisis casts an ever-growing shadow over our planet, it is imperative for all sectors, including healthcare, to reassess their impact on the environment and redefine their practices. Healthcare, a field intrinsically linked to the well-being of humanity, finds itself at a crossroads. The necessity to harmonize healing with environmental stewardship is paramount, compelling the medical community to innovate and adopt sustainable practices. In this critical context, the role of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, with its significant environmental footprint, comes into sharp focus, prompting a transformative journey towards sustainability [1].
Challenges for augmenting intelligence in cardiac imaging
Authors: Partho P Sengupta, Damini Dey, Rhodri H Davies, Nicolas Duchateau, Naveena Yanamala
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Artificial Intelligence (AI), through deep learning, has brought automation and predictive capabilities to cardiac imaging. However, despite considerable investment, tangible health-care cost reductions remain unproven. Although AI holds promise, there has been insufficient time for both methodological development and prospective clinical trials to establish its advantage over human interpretations in terms of its effect on patient outcomes. Challenges such as data scarcity, privacy issues, and ethical concerns impede optimal AI training. Furthermore, the absence of a unified model for the complex structure and function of the heart and evolving domain knowledge can introduce heuristic biases and influence underlying assumptions in model development. Integrating AI into diverse institutional picture archiving and communication systems and devices also presents a clinical hurdle. This hurdle is further compounded by an absence of high-quality labelled data, difficulty sharing data between institutions, and non-uniform and inadequate gold standards for external validations and comparisons of model performance in real-world settings. Nevertheless, there is a strong push in industry and academia for AI solutions in medical imaging. This Series paper reviews key studies and identifies challenges that require a pragmatic change in the approach for using AI for cardiac imaging, whereby AI is viewed as augmented intelligence to complement, not replace, human judgement. The focus should shift from isolated measurements to integrating non-linear and complex data towards identifying disease phenotypes-emphasising pattern recognition where AI excels. Algorithms should enhance imaging reports, enriching patients' understanding, communication between patients and clinicians, and shared decision making. The emergence of professional standards and guidelines is essential to address these developments and ensure the safe and effective integration of AI in cardiac imaging.
Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Ubong S. Ekperikpe, Ilse S. Daehn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York Correspondence: Dr. Ilse S. Daehn, email: [email protected] See related article, "Glomerular Endothelial Cell Receptor Adhesion G-Protein–Coupled Receptor F5 (ADGRF5) and the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier," on pages 1366–1380.
Paracellular Transport and Renal Tubule Calcium Handling
Authors: Alan S.L. Yu, Joshua N. Curry
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

The kidney plays a major role in maintenance of serum calcium concentration, which must be kept within a narrow range to avoid disruption of numerous physiologic processes that depend critically on the level of extracellular calcium, including cell signaling, bone structure, and muscle and nerve function. This defense of systemic calcium homeostasis comes, however, at the expense of the dumping of calcium into the kidney tissue and urine. Because of the large size and multivalency of the calcium ion, its salts are the least soluble among all the major cations in the body. The potential pathologic consequences of this are nephrocalcinosis and kidney stone disease. In this review, we discuss recent advances that have highlighted critical roles for the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb in renal calcium reabsorption, elucidated the molecular mechanisms for paracellular transport in these segments, and implicated disturbances in these processes in human disease.
LncRNA H19 promoted alcohol-associated liver disease through dysregulation of alternative splicing and methionine metabolism
Authors: Zhihong Yang, Yanchao Jiang, Jing Ma, Li Wang, Sen Han, Nazmul Huda, Praveen Kusumanchi, Hui Gao, Themis Thoudam, Zhaoli Sun, Suthat Liangpunsakul
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Long noncoding RNAs constitute a significant portion of the human genome. Among these, lncRNA H19, initially identified for its high expression during fetal development followed by a decline in the liver postnatally, re-emerges in various liver diseases. However, its specific role in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) remains unclear.
NANO-LM: An updated scorecard for the clinical assessment of patients with leptomeningeal metastases
Authors: Emilie Le Rhun, Lakshmi Nayak, Mary Jane Lim-Fat, Roberta Rudà, Elena Pentsova, Peter Forsyth, Barbara J O’Brien, Matthias Preusser, Priya Kumthekar, Dieta Brandsma, Michael Weller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2024)

Abstract Background There are no validated tools for the clinical neurological assessment of patients with leptomeningeal metastases (LM). However, clinical examination during the course of the disease guides medical management and is part of response assessment in clinical trials. Because neuroimaging may not always be obtained owing to rapid clinical deterioration, clinical neurological assessment of LM is essential, and standardization is important to minimize rater disagreement. Methods The Response Assessment in Neuro-oncology-LM group launched a 2-step process, aiming at improving and standardizing the clinical assessment of patients with LM. We report here on the first step the establishment of a consensus scorecard. The task force had 9 virtual meetings to define general recommendations on neurological assessment and selected domains of interest that should be tested. Results Fourteen domains of neurological symptoms and signs were selected: level of consciousness, cognition, nausea and vomiting, vision, eye movement, facial strength, hearing, swallowing, speech, limb strength, limb ataxia, walking, and bladder bowel functions. For each item, a clear instruction on how to perform the assessment is provided with scoring criteria between 0 and 2. The general clinical status of the patient and use of steroids, pain medications, and antiemetics should be documented. Neurological sequelae from previous brain metastases or cancer treatment should be rated at the baseline evaluation; it should be specified when symptoms or signs may be related to a condition other than LM. Discussion A revised Neurological Assessment in Neuro-Oncology-LM consensus scorecard for clinical assessment has been established. An international prospective validation study of the proposal is currently ongoing (NCT06417710).
Ectopic Cushing Syndrome Localized by 68Ga-DOTA-LM3 PET/CT
Authors: Moritz B. Bastian, Florian Rosar, Caroline Burgard, Arne Blickle, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 53-year-old woman presented with signs of Cushing syndrome with challenges in diagnosis and localization. A novel somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeted PET/CT with 68 Ga-DOTA-LM3, an SSTR antagonist, revealed a suspicious focal finding in the pancreatic head, proven to be ectopic Cushing syndrome after surgical resection. This interesting image clearly shows the potential of PET imaging with SSTR antagonists as 68 Ga-DOTA-LM3 in the diagnosis of ectopic Cushing syndrome.