tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caffeic acid-vanadium nanozymes treat skin flap ischemia-reperfusion injury through macrophage reprogramming and the upregulation of X-linked inhibitors of apoptotic proteins
Authors: Xinyu Zhao, Jie Shan, Hanying Qian, Xu Jin, Yiwei Sun, Jianghao Xing, Qingrong Li, Xu-Lin Chen, Xianwen Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury following skin flap transplantation is a critical factor leading to flap necrosis and transplant failure. Antagonizing inflammatory responses and oxidative stress are regarded as crucial targets for mitigating reperfusion injury and enhancing flap survival. In this study, caffeic acid-vanadium metal polyphenol nanoparticles (CA-V NPs) were prepared for the treatment of skin flap ischemia and reperfusion. This study was conducted using a one-step method to prepare new types of CA-V NPs with uniform sizes and stable structures. In vitro, the CA-V NPs exhibited CAT-like and SOD-like activities and could effectively scavenge ROS, generate oxygen, and alleviate oxidative stress. In the H2O2-induced cellular oxidative stress model, CA-V NPs effectively reduced ROS levels and inhibited apoptosis through the XIAP/Caspase-3 pathway. In the cellular inflammation model induced by LPS combined with IFN-γ, CA-V NPs reprogrammed macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and reduced inflammatory responses by reducing the expression of the chemokines CCL4 and CXCL2. In addition, animal experiments have shown that CA-V NPs can alleviate oxidative stress in skin flap tissues, inhibit apoptosis, promote angiogenesis, and ultimately improve the survival rate of skin flaps. CA-V NPs provide a new target and strategy for the treatment of flap I/R injury.
Established and Emerging Nucleic Acid Therapies for Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Tulsi R. Damase, Roman Sukhovershin, Biana Godin, Khurram Nasir, John P. Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disease that leads to elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease. Current therapeutic options for FH remain relatively limited and only partially effective in both lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and modifying coronary heart disease risk. The unique characteristics of nucleic acid therapies to target the underlying cause of the disease can offer solutions unachievable with conventional medications. DNA- and RNA-based therapeutics have the potential to transform the care of patients with FH. Recent advances are overcoming obstacles to clinical translation of nucleic acid-based medications, including greater stability of the formulations as well as site-specific delivery, making gene-based therapy for FH an alternative approach for treatment of FH.
BMI1 Inhibition Improves Lesion Burden in Cerebral Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Mariaelena Valentino, Matteo Malinverno, Claudio Maderna, Van-Cuong Pham, Claudia Jasmin Rödel, Federica Zanardi, Maximiliano Arce, Lorenzo Drufuca, Grazisa Rossetti, Peetra U. Magnusson, Maria Grazia Lampugnani, Elisabetta Dejana, Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried, Massimiliano Pagani
Journal: Circulation (2024)
Inhalable Stem Cell Exosomes Promote Heart Repair After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Junlang Li, Shenghuan Sun, Dashuai Zhu, Xuan Mei, Yongbo Lyu, Ke Huang, Yuan Li, Shuo Liu, Zhenzhen Wang, Shiqi Hu, Halle J. Lutz, Kristen D. Popowski, Phuong-Uyen C. Dinh, Atul J. Butte, Ke Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Exosome therapy shows potential for cardiac repair after injury. However, intrinsic challenges such as short half-life and lack of clear targets hinder the clinical feasibility. Here, we report a noninvasive and repeatable method for exosome delivery through inhalation after myocardial infarction (MI), which we called stem cell-derived exosome nebulization therapy (SCENT).
Digital twins in dermatology, current status, and the road ahead
Authors: Hossein Akbarialiabad, Amirmohammad Pasdar, Dédée F. Murrell
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Digital twins, innovative virtual models synthesizing real-time biological, environmental, and lifestyle data, herald a new era in personalized medicine, particularly dermatology. These models, integrating medical-purpose Internet of Things (IoT) devices, deep and digital phenotyping, and advanced artificial intelligence (AI), offer unprecedented precision in simulating real-world physical conditions and health outcomes. Originating in aerospace and manufacturing for system behavior prediction, their application in healthcare signifies a paradigm shift towards patient-specific care pathways. In dermatology, digital twins promise enhanced diagnostic accuracy, optimized treatment plans, and improved patient monitoring by accommodating the unique complexities of skin conditions. However, a comprehensive review across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus until February 5th, 2024, underscores a significant research gap; no direct studies on digital twins’ application in dermatology is identified. This gap signals challenges, including the intricate nature of skin diseases, ethical and privacy concerns, and the necessity for specialized algorithms. Overcoming these barriers through interdisciplinary efforts and focused research is essential for realizing digital twins’ potential in dermatology. This study advocates for a proactive exploration of digital twins, emphasizing the need for a tailored approach to dermatological care that is as personalized as the patients themselves.
Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces: State of the Art and Trends
Authors: Bradley J. Edelman, Shuailei Zhang, Gerwin Schalk, Peter Brunner, Gernot Müller-Putz, Cuntai Guan, Bin He
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2024)

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a rapidly evolving technology that has the potential to widely influence research, clinical and recreational use. Non-invasive BCI approaches are particularly common as they can impact a large number of participants safely and at a relatively low cost. Where traditional non-invasive BCIs were used for simple computer cursor tasks, it is now increasingly common for these systems to control robotic devices for complex tasks that may be useful in daily life. In this review, we provide an overview of the general BCI framework as well as the various methods that can be used to record neural activity, extract signals of interest, and decode brain states. In this context, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of non-invasive BCI research, focusing on trends in both the application of BCIs for controlling external devices and algorithm development to optimize their use. We also discuss various open-source BCI toolboxes and software, and describe their impact on the field at large.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Discontinuation in Patients with CKD
Authors: L. Parker Gregg, Peter A. Richardson, Vijay Nambi, Laura A. Petersen, Michael E. Matheny, Salim S. Virani, Sankar D. Navaneethan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Treatment discontinuation is common among patients with CKD prescribed sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (discontinued in 37%) or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA; discontinued in 47%). Discontinuation of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 RA was associated with recent hospitalizations, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and vascular disease. Discontinuation of both agents was associated with death and cardiovascular events. Background Little is known about the association of discontinuation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) with outcomes in patients with CKD. Methods We identified adults with CKD stages 3–4 from 2005 to 2022 in the Veterans Affairs health care system. Individuals with an incident prescription for SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RAs were included, with the first fill date considered the index date. Factors associated with time to first treatment discontinuation, defined as an interruption in SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 RA prescription for ≥90 days, were studied using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations of discontinuation 90–179 and ≥180 days with death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, hospitalization for heart failure, and ischemic stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Of 96,345 individuals who received an SGLT2 inhibitor and 60,020 who received a GLP-1 RA, at least one discontinuation occurred in 35,953 (37%) of SGLT2 inhibitor users and 28,407 (47%) of GLP-1 RA users. SGLT2 inhibitor users were 24% Black, 71% White, 71% age ≥70, and 84% with CKD stage 3a. GLP-1 RA users were 20% Black, 75% White, 63% age ≥70, and 81% with CKD stage 3a. Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were associated with discontinuation of both drug classes. Female sex and more advanced CKD stage were also associated with SGLT2 inhibitor discontinuation. SGLT2 inhibitor discontinuation ≥180 days was associated with death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58 to 1.77) and heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.40). GLP-1 RA discontinuation ≥180 days was associated with death (adjusted HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.87 to 2.07), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.36), heart failure hospitalization (adjusted HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.64), and ischemic stroke (adjusted HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.35). Conclusions SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 RA discontinuation was common and associated with harmful outcomes in adults with CKD.
ST2+ T-regulatory Cells in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis following Ischemic Kidney Injury
Authors: Vikram Sabapathy, Airi Price, Nardos Tesfaye Cheru, Rajkumar Venkatadri, Murat Dogan, Gabrielle Costlow, Saleh Mohammad, Rahul Sharma
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points IL-33/ST2 alarmin pathway regulates inflammation, fibrosis, and resolution of ischemia-reperfusion injury of kidneys. ST2 regulates the transcriptome of T-regulatory cells related to suppressive and reparative functions. The secretome of ST2 + T-regulatory cells regulates hypoxic injury in an amphiregulin-dependent manner. Background Inflammation is a major cause of kidney injury. IL-1 family cytokine IL-33 is released from damaged cells and modulates the immune response through its receptor ST2 expressed on many cell types, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although a proinflammatory role of IL-33 has been proposed, exogenous IL-33 expanded Tregs and suppressed renal inflammation. However, the contribution of endogenous IL-33/ST2 for the role of Tregs in the resolution of kidney injury has not been investigated. Methods We used murine renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and kidney organoids (KDOs) to delineate the role of the ST2 and amphiregulin (AREG) specifically in Tregs using targeted deletion. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing were performed on flow-sorted Tregs from spleen and CD4 T cells from postischemic kidneys, respectively. The protective role of ST2-sufficient Tregs was analyzed using a novel coculture system of syngeneic KDOs and Tregs under hypoxic conditions. Results Bulk RNA sequencing of splenic and single-cell RNA sequencing of kidney CD4 T cells showed that ST2 + Tregs are enriched for genes related to Treg proliferation and function. Genes for reparative factors, such as Areg , were also enriched in ST2 + Tregs. Treg-specific deletion of ST2 or AREG exacerbated kidney injury and fibrosis in the unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model. In coculture studies, wild-type but not ST2-deficient Tregs preserved hypoxia-induced loss of kidney organoid viability, which was restored by AREG supplementation. Conclusions Our study identified the role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in Tregs for resolution of kidney injury. The transcriptome of ST2 + Tregs was enriched for reparative factors including Areg . Lack of ST2 or AREG in Tregs worsened kidney injury. Tregs protected KDOs from hypoxia in a ST2- and AREG-dependent manner.
Aquaporin-1 and Osmosis
Authors: Olivier Devuyst
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

The discovery of the aquaporin family of water channels has provided a molecular counterpart to the movement of water across biological membranes. The distribution of aquaporins in specific cell types, their selectivity and very high capacity for water permeation, and the control of their expression and/or trafficking are key to sustain osmosis in multiple tissues. Here, we review the convergent evidence demonstrating that aquaporin-1 (AQP1) facilitates water transport across endothelial cells in the peritoneal membrane, a key process for peritoneal dialysis-the leading modality of home-based dialysis therapy for patients with kidney failure. Genetic and pharmacologic studies in mouse and cell models indicated that AQP1 plays a critical role in crystalloid osmosis, with clinically relevant effects on water transport and risk of death and technique failure for patients on dialysis. By contrast, AQP1 plays no role in colloid osmosis. These studies substantiate potential strategies to improve free water transport and ultrafiltration in patients treated by peritoneal dialysis.
Health Insurance Enrollment Among US Veterans, 2010-2021
Authors: Todd H. Wagner, Anna Schmidt, Forest Belli, Marion Aouad, Elizabeth Gehlert, Malav Desai, Laura Graham, Liam Rose
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care spending has increased in the past decade, in part due to legislative changes that expanded access to VA-purchased care. Objective To understand how insurance coverage and enrollment in VA has changed between 2010 and 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from surveys conducted from 2010 to 2021. Participants were respondents across 4 national surveys who reported being a US veteran and reported on health insurance enrollment. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to June 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported health insurance coverage, reliance on VA insurance, and self-reported health. Results Among a total of 3 644 614 survey respondents (mean [SE] age, 60 [0.04] years; 91.3% [95% CI, 91.2%-91.5%] male) included, 52.2% (95% CI, 52.0%-52.4%) were out of the labor market and 63.1% (95% CI, 62.9%-63.3%) were married. In 2010, 94% of all veterans and 94% of veterans younger than age 65 years reported having health insurance coverage on the American Community Survey. Insurance enrollment increased over time, and by 2020, 97% of all veterans and 95% of veterans younger than 65 years reported having health insurance coverage on the American Community Survey. Insurance enrollment estimates were similar across the surveys. Approximately one-third of veterans reported being enrolled in VA health coverage. Of those who enrolled in VA insurance, more than 75% had more than 1 form of coverage, with Medicare and private insurance being the most common second insurance sources. VA insurance enrollment was negatively associated with income and health status. Veterans without insurance tended to be unemployed and younger. Conclusions and Relevance This study of veterans who responded to 4 national surveys found that veterans enrolled in VA health coverage had high rates of dual coverage. Further legislative efforts to increase access without recognizing the high rates of dual coverage may yield unintended consequences, such payer shifting.
Considerations for Addressing Trauma in Muslim Communities
Authors: Manasi Kumar, Keng Yen Huang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Lori A. Zoellner, PhD; Jacob A. Bentley, PhD; Kawther Musa, MA; Farhiya Mohamed, MSW; Luul B. Ahmed, BA; Kevin M. King, PhD; Norah C. Feeny, PhD; Islamic Trauma Healing Clinical Team; Hana Ali; Yasmin Ibrahim; Abdi Ismail; Safiya Omar; Mohamed Roble; Warsame Roble; Nafiso Samatar; Mohammed Alsubaie; Michael Dolezal; Alexandra Klein; Emma PeConga; Peter Rosencrans; Rosemary Walker; Alexandra Bowling; Ashleigh Holloway; Ifrah Sheikh; Eesha Ali
Reinfection After Hepatitis C Virus Treatment—Keep Testing, Keep Treating
Authors: Marianne Martinello, Gail V. Matthews
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Alain H. Litwin, MD, MPH; Judith I. Tsui, MD, MPH; Moonseong Heo, PhD; Shruti H. Mehta, PhD, MPH; Lynn E. Taylor, MD; Paula J. Lum, MD, MPH; Judith Feinberg, MD; Arthur Y. Kim, MD; Brianna L. Norton, DO; Irene Pericot-Valverde, PhD; Julia Arnsten, MD, MPH; Paul Meissner, MSPH; Alison Karasz, PhD; M. Diane McKee, MD, MS; John W. Ward, MD; Nirah Johnson, LCSW; Linda Agyemang, MPH; Ellen S. Stein, MPH; Aurielle Thomas, MSc; Courtney Borsuk, PhD; Kendra L. Blalock, MS; Samuel Wilkinson, BS; Katherine Wagner, MIPH; Jillian Carty, BA; Cristina Murray-Krezan, PhD; Jessica Anderson, MS; Vanessa Jacobsohn, MD; Anne F. Luetkemeyer, MD; Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia, MBBS; Megan Groome, MS; Suzanne Davies, JD; Kevin Costello, JD; Kimberly Page, PhD, MPH; HERO Study Group; Jocelyn R James; Nina Kim; Michelle Peavy; Meena S Ramchandani; Ashley King; Brian Dickerson; Michael Fingerhood; Taryn Haselhuhn; Angela Mason; Juhi Moon; Yngvild Olsen; Vickie Walters; William Schmitt; Virginia Lijewski; Anita Pitts; Syeda Raji; Taniya Silva; Fiona Evans; Hope Koene; Joelle Brown; Jasneet Aneja; Kiara Lora; Jennifer Hidalgo; Irene Soloway; Karen Jefferson; Joyce Wong; Andrea Kermack; Melissa Stein; Giliane Joseph; Karyn London; Lincoln Allen; Venecia Marte; Tatiana Vera; Romy Alvarez; Caycee Cullen; Gurjot Gill; Hannah Tierney; Scott Shapiro; Soraya Azari; Joanna Eveland; Daniel Berrner; Pauli Grey; Jordan Akerley; Herbert Davis; Karen Tashima; Sophie Sprecht-Walsh; Melissa Hordes; Danielle McGregor; Patrick Duryea; Kathryn Weenig; Paul Grekin; Michael Ninburg; Lacey Kelley; Andrea Calkins; Gabrielle Henry; Danielle Thomas; Alice Ashler ; Eyasu Teshale; Sebastian Seiguer; Katrina Rios; Lauren Brown; James Spellman; Daniel Raymond; Susan Beane; Hema Kapoor
Prioritizing Data Privacy and Security in Pediatric AI—Reply
Authors: Jessica L. Handley, Christoph U. Lehmann, Raj M. Ratwani
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Extreme Weather Injuries and Fatalities, 2006 to 2021
Authors: Caroline Q. Stephens, Christopher Newton, Brandon Kappy, Caroline G. Melhado, Mary E. Fallat
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Extreme weather has major implications for state and national health care systems; however, statistics examining weather-related injuries and fatalities are limited. Objective To examine the frequency and regional distribution of major disaster events (MDEs) in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This ecologic cross-sectional study of MDEs occurring between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2021, evaluated US data on all injuries and fatalities included in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. The data analysis was performed between February 22, 2023, and April 1, 2024. Exposures Major disaster events defined as an environmental event that caused either at least 50 injuries or at least 10 deaths. Main Outcomes and Measures All MDEs were evaluated using descriptive statistics for event type, property damage, and rural or urban classification according to the National Centers for Health Statistics Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties. The location of events according to Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response (ASPR) region and hospital bed capacity of ASPR regions were also examined. Results Between 2006 and 2021, 11 159 storm events caused 42 254 injuries and 9760 deaths. Major disaster events accounted for 209 weather events (1.9%) but caused 19 463 weather-associated injuries (46.1%) and 2189 weather-associated deaths (22.4%). The majority of MDEs were caused by extreme heat (86 [41.1%]) and tornadoes (67 [32.1%]). While a larger proportion of MDEs occurred in urban areas (151 [75.1%]) vs rural areas (50 [24.9%]), rural MDEs caused a median of 9 (IQR, 2-16) deaths per event vs 4 (IQR, 0-14) deaths per event in urban areas. The majority of MDEs occurred in either ASPR region 4 (51 [24.5%]) or region 9 (45 [21.6%]). Certain event types, such as fires, wind, and hurricanes or storms, were geographically concentrated, while extreme heat and floods affected regions across the US equally. Urban counties had disproportionately greater hospital bed capacity than rural counties relative to population and MDE distributions. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this ecologic study indicate that while MDEs accounted for a small proportion of all weather events, they were associated with a disproportionate number of injuries and fatalities. Integrating these data into county, state, and regional hazard vulnerability analyses is crucial to ensuring preparedness and mitigating climate risk.
Reevaluating Piperacillin-Tazobactam Mortality
Authors: Christopher A. Darlow, Alessandro Gerada, William Hope
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal