tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corrigendum to “Biofilm formation on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) grafts—a proof of concept in vitro model” [Clin Microbiol Infect 29 (12) (2023) P1600.e1–1600.e6]
Authors: Torgny Sunnerhagen, Franziska Schwartz, Lars Christophersen, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Klaus Qvortrup, Nikolaj Eldrup, Katja Vogt, Claus Moser
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)

The authors regret a mistake in the figure text for Figure 2 in the article. The initial sentence of the text linked to Figure 2 states "SEM of S. aureus (a–d) and P. aeruginosa (e–h) on EVAR", but picture 2a-d are in fact P. aeruginosa, and e-h are S. aureus. The text for Figure 2 should thus read "SEM of P. aeruginosa (a–d) and S. aureus (e–h) on EVAR. An inoculum of 108 CFU/mL was used. (a) and (e) were taken directly after the 15-min exposure of EVAR pieces to the bacterial inoculum, followed by washing the pieces three times in saline. (b) and (f) were recorded after 4 h of incubation, (c) and (g) after 18 h of incubation, and (d) and (h) after 24 h of incubation. Magnifications from 5000 times to 25 000 times. Scale indicated by white bars. CFU, colony forming unit; EVAR, endovascular aneurysm repair; SEM, scanning electron microscopy." The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. Biofilm formation on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) grafts—a proof of concept in vitro modelClinical Microbiology and InfectionVol. 29Issue 12PreviewAn endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) graft is a catheter-implanted vascular prosthesis and is the preferred treatment for patients with aortic aneurysm. If an EVAR graft becomes the focus of infection, the treatment possibilities are limited because it is technically difficult to remove the graft to obtain source control. This study examines whether Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus form biofilm on EVAR prostheses. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Visualizing cancer-originating acetate uptake through monocarboxylate transporter 1 in reactive astrocytes in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment
Authors: Dongwoo Kim, Hae Young Ko, Jee-In Chung, Yongmin Mason Park, Sangwon Lee, Seon Yoo Kim, Jisu Kim, Joong-Hyun Chun, Kyung-Seok Han, Misu Lee, Yeon Ha Ju, Sun Jun Park, Ki Duk Park, Min-Ho Nam, Se Hoon Kim, Jin-Kyoung Shim, Youngjoo Park, Hyunkeong Lim, Jaekyung Park, Gwan-Ho Lee, Hyunjin Kim, Suhyun Kim, Uiyeol Park, Hoon Ryu, So Yun Lee, Sunghyouk Park, Seok-Gu Kang, Jong Hee Chang, C Justin Lee, Mijin Yun
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of various brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastomas. However, the specific intermediate metabolites contributing to reactive astrogliosis remain unknown. This study investigated how glioblastomas induce reactive astrogliosis in the neighboring microenvironment and explore 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis. Methods Through in vitro, mouse models, and human tissue experiments, we examined the association between elevated 11C-acetate uptake and reactive astrogliosis in gliomas. We explored acetate from glioblastoma cells, which triggers reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by upregulating MAO-B and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. We evaluated the presence of cancer stem cells in the reactive astrogliosis region of glioblastomas and assessed the correlation between the volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond MRI and prognosis. Results Elevated 11C-acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and astrocytic MCT1 in the periphery of glioblastomas in human tissues and mouse models. Glioblastoma cells exhibit increased acetate production as a result of glucose metabolism, with subsequent secretion of acetate. Acetate derived from glioblastoma cells induces reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by increasing the expression of MAO-B and MCT1. We found cancer stem cells within the reactive astrogliosis at the tumor periphery. Consequently, a larger volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond contrast-enhanced MRI was associated with a worse prognosis. Conclusions Our results highlight the role of acetate derived from glioblastoma cells in inducing reactive astrogliosis and underscore the potential value of 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis, offering important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas.
Low back pain-driven inpatient stays in the United States: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Lingxiao Chen, Qingyu Sun, Roger Chou, David B. Anderson, Baoyi Shi, Yujie Chen, Xinyu Liu, Shiqing Feng, Hengxing Zhou, Manuela L. Ferreira
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Low back pain (LBP)-driven inpatient stays are resource-intensive and costly, yet data on contemporary national trends are limited. Materials and methods: This study used repeated cross-sectional analyses through a nationally representative sample (US National Inpatient Sample, 2016–2019). Outcomes included the rate of LBP-driven inpatient stays; the resource utilization (the proportion of receiving surgical treatments and hospital costs) and prognosis (hospital length of stay and the proportion of nonroutine discharge) among LBP-driven inpatient stays. LBP was classified as overall, nonspecific, and specific (i.e. cancer, cauda equina syndrome, vertebral infection, vertebral compression fracture, axial spondyloarthritis, radicular pain, and spinal canal stenosis). Analyses were further stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Results: 292 987 LBP-driven inpatient stays (weighted number: 1 464 690) were included, with 269 080 (91.8%) of these for specific LBP and 23 907 (8.2%) for nonspecific LBP. The rate of LBP-driven inpatient stays varied a lot across demographic groups and LBP subtypes (e.g. for overall LBP, highest for non-Hispanic White 180.4 vs. lowest for non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander 42.0 per 100 000 population). Between 2016 and 2019, the rate of nonspecific LBP-driven inpatient stays significantly decreased (relative change: 46.9%); however, substantial variations were found within subcategories of specific LBP-significant increases were found for vertebral infection (relative change: 17.2%), vertebral compression fracture (relative change: 13.4%), and spinal canal stenosis (relative change: 19.9%), while a significant decrease was found for radicular pain (relative change: 12.6%). The proportion of receiving surgical treatments also varied a lot (e.g. for overall LBP, highest for non-Hispanic White 74.4% vs. lowest for non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander 62.8%), and significantly decreased between 2016 and 2019 (e.g. for nonspecific LBP, relative change: 28.6%). Variations were also observed for other outcomes. Conclusions: In the US, the burden of LBP-driven inpatient stays (i.e. rates of LBP-driven inpatient stays, resource utilization, and prognosis among LBP-driven inpatient stays) is enormous. More research is needed to understand why the burden varies considerably according to the LBP subtype (i.e. nonspecific and specific LBP as well as subcategories of specific LBP) and the subpopulation concerned (i.e. stratified by age, sex, and race/ethnicity).
Can ChatGPT assist urologists in managing overactive bladders?
Authors: Xiaoshuai Gao, Mei-Lin Feng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Urology and Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China bSchool of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University. No. 2025, Shiling Street, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 610106, P.R. China. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. L. Feng). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
ChatGPT or LLMs can provide treatment suggestions for critical patients with antibiotic-resistant infections: a next-generation revolution for medical science?
Authors: Chiranjib Chakraborty, Soumen Pal, Manojit Bhattacharya, Md. Aminul Islam
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Chakraborty, Chiranjib PhD; Pal, Soumen PhD; Bhattacharya, Manojit PhD; Islam, Md. Aminul Author Information
Low plasma belimumab levels as an indicator of poor adherence to belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ludovic Trefond, Noël Zahr, Raphael Lhote, Micheline Pha, Miguel Hié, Makoto Miyara, Matthias Papo, Quentin Moyon, Pierre Hausfater, Francois Chasset, Julien Haroche, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, Alexis Mathian, Zahir Amoura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2023)
Early-life exposures and the microbiome: implications for IBD prevention
Authors: Lin Zhang, Manasi Agrawal, Siew C Ng, Tine Jess
Journal: Gut (2023)

The early-life period is one of microbiome establishment and immune maturation. Early-life exposures are increasingly being recognised to play an important role in IBD risk. The composition of functions of the gut microbiome in the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal period may be crucial towards development of health or disease, including IBD, later in life. We herein present a comprehensive summary of the interplay between early-life factors and microbiome perturbations, and their association with risk of IBD. In addition, we provide an overview of host and external factors in early life that are known to impact gut microbiome maturation and exposures implicated in IBD risk. Considering the emerging concept of IBD prevention, we propose strategies to minimise maternal and offspring exposure to potentially harmful variables and recommend protective measures during pregnancy and the postpartum period. This holistic view of early-life factors and microbiome signatures among mothers and their offspring will help frame our current understanding of their importance towards IBD pathogenesis and frame the roadmap for preventive strategies.
Development of a radiomics-based model to predict occult liver metastases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a multicenter study
Authors: Ben Zhao, Cong Xia, Tianyi Xia, Yue Qiu, Liwen Zhu, Buyue Cao, Yin Gao, Rongjun Ge, Wu Cai, Zhimin Ding, Qian Yu, Chunqiang Lu, Tianyu Tang, Yuancheng Wang, Yang Song, Xueying Long, Jing Ye, Dong Lu, Shenghong Ju
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Undetectable occult liver metastases block the long-term survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study aimed to develop a radiomics-based model to predict occult liver metastases and assess its prognostic capacity for survival.
Use of suboptimal control arms in randomized clinical trials of investigational cancer drugs in China, 2016–2021: An observational study
Authors: Yichen Zhang, Dingyi Chen, Siyuan Cheng, Zhizhou Liang, Lu Yang, Qian Li, Lin Bai, Huangqianyu Li, Wei Liu, Luwen Shi, Xiaodong Guan
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2023)

Background The use of suboptimal controls in randomized trials of new cancer drugs can produce potentially unreliable clinical efficacy results over the current standard of care and expose patients to substandard therapy. We aim to investigate the proportion of randomized trials of investigational cancer drugs that used a suboptimal control arm and the number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments in China. The association between the use of a suboptimal control and concluding statistical significance on the primary endpoint was also examined. Methods and findings This observational study included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cancer drugs that were authorized by specific Chinese institutional review boards between 2016 and 2021, supporting investigational new drug applications of these drugs in China. The proportion of trials that used a suboptimal control arm and the total number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments were calculated. In a randomized trial for a specific condition, a comparator was deemed suboptimal if it was not recommended by clinical guidelines published in priori or if there existed a regimen with a higher level of recommendation for the indication. The final sample included 453 Phase II/III and Phase III randomized oncology trials. Overall, 60 trials (13.2%) adopted a suboptimal control arm. Among them, 58.3% (35/60) used comparators that were not recommended by a prior guideline for the indication. The cumulative number of trial participants at risk of exposure to suboptimal treatments totaled 18,610 by the end of 2021, contributing 15.1% to the total number of enrollees of all sampled RCTs in this study. After adjusting for the year of ethical approval, region of participant recruitment, line of therapy, and cancer site, second-line therapies (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.7, 95%CI [1.2, 5.9]), adjuvant therapies (aOR = 8.9, 95% CI [3.4, 23.1]), maintenance therapies (aOR = 5.2, 95% CI [1.6, 17.0]), and trials recruiting participants in China only (aOR = 4.1, 95% CI [2.1, 8.0]) were more likely to adopt a suboptimal control. For the 105 trials with publicly available results, no statistically significant difference was observed between the use of a suboptimal control and concluding positive on the primary endpoint (100.0% [12/12] versus 83.9% [78/93], p = 0.208). The main limitation of this study is its reliance on clinical guidelines that could vary across cancer types and time in assessing the quality of the control groups. Conclusions In this study, over one-eighth of randomized trials of cancer drugs registered to apply for regulatory approval in China used a suboptimal comparator. Our results highlight the necessity to refine the design of randomized trials to generate optimal clinical evidence for new cancer therapies.
Assessment of Glycemic Control by Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Hemoglobin A1c, Fructosamine, and Glycated Albumin in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease and Burnt-Out Diabetes
Authors: Candice Y. Kaminski, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Jose E. Navarrete, Zohyra Zabala, Bobak Moazzami, Amany Gerges, Rozalina G. McCoy, Maya Fayfman, Priyathama Vellanki, Thaer Idrees, Limin Peng, Guillermo E. Umpierrez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may experience “burnt-out diabetes,” defined as having an HbA1c value &amp;lt;6.5% without antidiabetic therapy for &amp;gt;6 months. We aim to assess glycemic control by continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom G6 CGM) metrics and glycemic markers in ESKD patients on hemodialysis with burnt-out diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this pilot prospective study, glycemic control was assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), HbA1c measures, and glycated albumin and fructosamine measurements in patients with burnt-out diabetes (n = 20) and without a history of diabetes (n = 20). RESULTS Patients with burnt-out diabetes had higher CGM-measured daily glucose levels, lower percent time in the range 70–180 mg/dL, higher percent time above range (&amp;gt;250 mg/dL), and longer duration of hyperglycemia &amp;gt;180 mg/dL (hours/day) compared with patients without diabetes (all P &amp;lt; 0.01). HbA1c and fructosamine levels were similar; however, patients with burnt-out diabetes had higher levels of glycated albumin than did patients without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The use of CGM demonstrated that patients with burnt-out diabetes have significant undiagnosed hyperglycemia. CGM and glycated albumin provide better assessment of glycemic control than do values of HbA1c and fructosamine in patients with ESKD.
Incidence and Characteristics of the Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Emilie V. Rosager, Amalia Lærke K. Heltø, Cathrine U. Fox Maule, Lennart Friis-Hansen, Janne Petersen, Finn E. Nielsen, Steen B. Haugaard, Rasmus Gregersen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2023)

OBJECTIVE The hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a rare and life-threatening complication of diabetes. We aimed to estimate the incidence of HHS and describe the clinical and biomarker profiles of patients with HHS, including subgroups with acidosis and acute kidney injury. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This nationwide, descriptive cohort study used Danish registry data during years 2016–2018 to identify acutely admitted patients fulfilling the hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity criteria of HHS (glucose ≥33 mmol/L and osmolarity [2 × sodium + glucose] ≥320 mmol/L). RESULTS We identified 634 patients (median age, 69 years (first quartile; third quartile: 58; 79) who met the criteria of HHS among 4.80 million inhabitants aged ≥18 years. The incidence rates were 16.5 and 3.9 per 10,000 person-years among people with known type 1 (n = 24,196) and type 2 (n = 251,357) diabetes, respectively. Thirty-two percent of patients with HHS were not previously diagnosed with diabetes. Patients were categorized as pure HHS (n = 394) and combined HHS and diabetic ketoacidosis (HHS-DKA; n = 240). The in-hospital mortality rate for pure HHS was 17% and 9% for HHS-DKA. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of HHS was higher among patients with type 1 diabetes compared with type 2 diabetes. HHS is a spectrum of hyperglycemic crises and can be divided in pure HHS and HHS-DKA. In one-third of patients, HHS was the debut of their diabetes diagnosis.
Reply to Giovanni Lughezzani, Paolo Casale, and Laura Evangelista’s Letter to the Editor re: Giuseppe Basile, Giuseppe Fallara, Paolo Verri, et al. The Role of 99mTc-Sestamibi Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Diagnostic Pathway for Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2024;85:63–71
Authors: Giuseppe Basile, Andrea Gallioli, Arturo Chiti, Umberto Capitanio, Alberto Breda
Journal: European Urology (2023)
Transcriptional Plasticity Drives IMiD and p300 Inhibitor Resistance in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Seongseok Yun, John L. Cleveland
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2023)

Summary: In this issue of Blood Cancer Discovery, Neri, Barwick, and colleagues and Welsh, Barwick, and colleagues performed RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing, and genetic studies to characterize the underlying mechanisms of immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) resistance in multiple myeloma. They demonstrated that IMiD resistance is driven by sustained expression of MYC and IRF4 via transcriptional plasticity that involves induction of ETV4 and BATF proteins, the binding of these proteins to their super-enhancers, and the recruitment of BRD4 and p300. Finally, these studies suggest IMiD and p300 inhibitor combination as a promising therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma. See related article by Neri, Barwick, et al., p. 56 (9). See related article by Welsh, Barwick, et al., p. 34 (10).
Feast for thought: A comprehensive review of food allergy 2021-2023
Authors: Irene Bartha, Noorah Almulhem, Alexandra F. Santos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2023)

This review covers the latest publications in food allergy over the last couple of years.Food allergy is a major public health concern, affecting about 8% of children and 10% of adults in developed countries.The food allergy prevalence varies around the world, with environmental factors mainly driving the increase, possibly together with genetical susceptibility to environmental changes.A precise diagnosis of food allergy is extremely important -both new tests (e.g.basophil activation test) and improved optimization of information provided by existing tests (e.g.skin prick test and specific IgE) can contribute to improving the accuracy and patients' comfort of food allergy diagnosis.Understanding the underlying immune mechanisms is fundamental to designing allergen-specific treatments that can be safe and effective in the long-term.New discoveries have emerged at various levels of the immune response to food allergens, including T cell and B cell responses.Novel therapeutic approaches are being trialed at various stages of development and will hopefully allow for more active intervention to treat food allergy.Prevention is key to reduce the increase in prevalence.Early introduction of allergenic foods seems to be the most effective intervention, but others are being studied, and will hopefully lead to modification of the epidemiological trajectory of food allergy over time.
Clinical Guidelines for Priapism
Authors: Robert S. Holzman
Journal: JAMA (2023)

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Medicare Advantage Disenrollment Among Beneficiaries With Chronic Conditions—Reply
Authors: Eli Raver, Jeah Jung, Wendy Y. Xu
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal