tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated 68Ga-FAPI Activity in Pulmonary Inflammatory Pseudotumor
Authors: Yang Xie, Wenxin Tang, Jiao Ma, Yudi Wang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We present a case of pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor with elevated 68 Ga-FAPI activity. Our case suggested that pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cancer-like solitary pulmonary nodules with increased 68 Ga-FAPI uptake.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Cystic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Luca Foppiani, Patrizia Morbini, Ugo Catrambone, Francesco Fiz, Arnoldo Piccardo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 52-year-old woman was evaluated for the appearance of a neck lump and dysphonia. Neck ultrasonography showed a large cystic nodule in the right thyroid lobe, confirmed by fine-needle aspiration cytology. Thyroid function and calcitonin were normal. 18 F-FDG PET/TC showed moderate tracer uptake by the outer ring of the large hypodense formation. Right hemithyroidectomy was performed; since intraoperative histology showed an intracystic and invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma, a completion thyroidectomy was done. Definitive histopathology confirmed the intraoperative findings. 18 F-FDG PET/CT may be a useful imaging procedure in evaluating patients with cystic thyroid nodules whenever clinical/ultrasonographic features are suspicious for malignancy.
Potential Efficacy of 68Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT and Immunohistochemical Validation of αvβ6 Integrin Expression in Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Subha Shankar Das, Sunita Ahlawat, Parul Thakral, Dharmender Malik, Jakub Simecek, Virupakshappa CB, Mrinalini Koley, Jatin Gupta, Ishita Sen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose αvβ6 integrin is exclusively expressed in epithelial cells and is upregulated in many carcinomas, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) and head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (H&amp;NSCCs). Trivehexin is a recently synthesized trimerized αvβ6 integrin selective nonapeptide, which can be labeled with a positron emitter like 68 Ga. This is a pilot study to assess the potential role of 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT in patients with H&amp;NSCC and PDAC and their correlation with αvβ6 integrin expression by the tumor tissue on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients and Methods Thirty-two patients with suspected H&amp;NSCC (n = 20) or PDAC (n = 12) underwent whole-body 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scans on 2 separate days. All 32 patients underwent biopsy from the tumor site for histopathological diagnosis and IHC for αvβ6 integrin expression. The degree of αvβ6 integrin expression on IHC was scored using the immunoreactive score and modified 4-point immunoreactive score classification. Results The 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET images demonstrated increased tracer uptake (mean SUV max 5.9 ± 3.3) in the primary and metastatic lesions with good lesion delineation in 8 out of the 9 cases of PDACs. However, FDG PET showed increased tracer uptake in 7 cases (6.2 ± 2.6). Among various cases of H&amp;NSCC, increased uptakes of 68 Ga-Trivehexin (6.6 ± 4.5) and 18 F-FDG (12.7 ± 6.7) were seen in 17 out of the 18 patients. The 2 cases of inflammatory changes with suspected disease recurrence showed increased tracer uptake in 18 F-FDG PET (7.98 ± 3.1) and no significant uptake in 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET (2.2 ± 0.34). IHC showed higher expression of αvβ6 integrins in lesions with higher uptake of 68 Ga-Trivehexin. A higher sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 68 Ga-Trivehexin PET over 18 F-FDG PET was seen for detection of primary and metastatic lesions. Conclusions 68 Ga-Trivehexin is a promising noninvasive molecular imaging agent for tumors expressing αvβ6 integrin, especially in cases where 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan may be suboptimal due to its low uptake, or due to its nonspecific uptake around tumor sites.
Dupilumab for COPD with Blood Eosinophil Evidence of Type 2 Inflammation
Authors: Surya P Bhatt, Klaus F Rabe, Nicola A Hanania, Claus F Vogelmeier, Mona Bafadhel, Stephanie A Christenson, Alberto Papi, Dave Singh, Elizabeth Laws, Naimish Patel, George D Yancopoulos, Bolanle Akinlade, Jennifer Maloney, Xin Lu, Deborah Bauer, Ashish Bansal, Raolat M Abdulai, Lacey B Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, key and central drivers of type 2 inflammation, has shown efficacy and safety in a phase 3 trial involving patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and type 2 inflammation and an elevated risk of exacerbation. Whether the findings would be confirmed in a second phase 3 trial was unclear.
Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor Mimicking a Pleural Mesothelioma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xueqi Chen, Guoqian Chen, Qian Li, Zhanli Fu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 72-year-old woman, who was a nonsmoker, presented with chest distress persisting for over 10 days. Plain chest CT revealed thickening of the left pleura accompanied by hydrothorax. Subsequent 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed irregular thickening involving the visceral, parietal, and interlobular pleura on the left side, with diffuse high avidity of 18 F-FDG. The left pleural mesothelioma was suspected initially, but pathological examination from biopsied specimen later confirmed a thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor.
EVIDENCE meta-analysis: evaluating minimal residual disease as an intermediate clinical endpoint for multiple myeloma
Authors: Ola Landgren, Thomas J. Prior, Tara Masterson, Christoph Heuck, Orlando F. Bueno, Ajeeta B. Dash, Hermann Einsele, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Stefan Knop, Cong Li, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Ian McFadden, Corina Oprea, Jeremy A. Ross, Mihaela Talpes, Jay R. Hydren, Jennifer M. Ahlstrom, Dickran Kazandjian, Niels Weinhold, Rick Zhang, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Gerald Marti, Sean M. Devlin
Journal: Blood (2024)

Estimating progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival superiority during clinical trials of multiple myeloma (MM) has become increasingly challenging as novel therapeutics have improved patient outcomes. Thus, it is imperative to identify earlier end point surrogates that are predictive of long-term clinical benefit. Minimal residual disease (MRD)-negativity is a common intermediate end point that has shown prognostic value for clinical benefit in MM. This meta-analysis was based on the US Food and Drug Administration guidance for considerations for a meta-analysis of MRD as a clinical end point and evaluates MRD-negativity as an early end point reasonably likely to predict long-term clinical benefit. Eligible studies were phase 2 or 3 randomized controlled clinical trials measuring MRD-negativity as an end point in patients with MM, with follow-up of ≥6 months following an a priori-defined time point of 12 ± 3 months after randomization. Eight newly diagnosed MM studies evaluating 4907 patients were included. Trial-level associations between MRD-negativity and PFS were R2WLSiv, 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.91) and R2copula 0.84 (0.64 to >0.99) at the 12-month time point. The individual-level association between 12-month MRD-negativity and PFS resulted in a global odds ratio (OR) of 4.02 (95% CI, 2.57-5.46). For relapse/refractory MM, there were 4 studies included, and the individual-level association between 12-month MRD-negativity and PFS resulted in a global OR of 7.67 (4.24-11.10). A clinical trial demonstrating a treatment effect on MRD is reasonably likely to eventually demonstrate a treatment effect on PFS, suggesting that MRD may be an early clinical end point reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit in MM, that may be used to support accelerated approval and thereby, expedite the availability of new drugs to patients with MM.
Research Progress in Hydrogels for Cartilage Organoids
Authors: Xiaolong Li, Shihao Sheng, Guangfeng Li, Yan Hu, Fengjin Zhou, Zhen Geng, Jiacan Su
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

The repair and regeneration of cartilage has always been a hot topic in medical research. Cartilage organoids (CORGs) are special cartilage tissue created using tissue engineering techniques outside the body. These engineered organoids tissues provide models that simulate the complex biological functions of cartilage, opening new possibilities for cartilage regenerative medicine and treatment strategies. However, it is crucial to establish suitable matrix scaffolds for the cultivation of CORGs. In recent years, utilizing hydrogel to culture stem cells and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes has emerged as a promising method for the in vitro construction of CORGs. In this review, the methods for establishing CORGs are summarized and an overview of the advantages and limitations of using matrigel in the cultivation of such organoids is provided. Furthermore, the importance of cartilage tissue ECM and alternative hydrogel substitutes for Matrigel, such as alginate, peptides, silk fibroin, and DNA derivatives is discussed, and the pros and cons of using these hydrogels for the cultivation of CORGs are outlined. Finally, the challenges and future directions in hydrogel research for CORGs are discussed. It is hoped that this article provides valuable references for the design and development of hydrogels for CORGs.
Mechanical‐enhanced and Durable Zwitterionic Hydrogel Coating for Inhibiting Coagulation and Reducing Bacterial Infection
Authors: Zhuojun Yan, Mengmeng Yao, Zhongming Zhao, Qi Yang, Rui Liu, Baijun Liu, Xueyu Wang, Liming Chen, Hong Zhang, Yuping Wei, Fanglian Yao, Junjie Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Blood‐contact medical devices are indispensable for clinical interventions, yet their susceptibility to thrombosis and bacterial infections poses substantial risks to treatment efficacy and patient well‐being. This study introduces a polysulfobetaine/alginate‐Cu II (SAC) zwitterionic hydrogel coating on polyurethane (PU) surfaces. This approach retains the superhydrophilic and antifouling nature of pSBMA while conferring the antibacterial effects of copper ions. Meanwhile, the copper alginate network intertwines with the polysulfobetaine (pSBMA) network, enhancing its mechanical properties and overcoming inherent weaknesses, thereby improving coating durability. Compared to the substrate, the SAC hydrogel coating significantly reduces thrombus adhesion mass by approximately 81.5% during extracorporeal blood circulation and effectively prevents bacterial biofilm formation even in a high‐concentration bacterial milieu over 30 days. Moreover, the results from an isolated blood circulation model in New Zealand white rabbits affirm the impressive anticoagulant efficacy of the SAC hydrogel coating. The findings suggest that this hydrogel coating and its application method hold promise as a solution for blood‐contact material surface modification to address thrombosis and bacterial biofilm formation simultaneously.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Using GPT-3.5 Turbo Models for Title and Abstract Screening in Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses
Authors: Viet-Thi Tran, Gerald Gartlehner, Sally Yaacoub, Isabelle Boutron, Lukas Schwingshackl, Julia Stadelmaier, Isolde Sommer, Farzaneh Alebouyeh, Sivem Afach, Joerg Meerpohl, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Systematic reviews are performed manually despite the exponential growth of scientific literature.
Implementation of Obesity Science Into Clinical Practice: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Deepika Laddu, Ian J. Neeland, Mercedes Carnethon, Fatima C. Stanford, Morgana Mongraw-Chaffin, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Chris T. Longenecker, Misook L. Chung, Goutham Rao
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Obesity is a recognized public health epidemic with a prevalence that continues to increase dramatically in nearly all populations, impeding progress in reducing incidence rates of cardiovascular disease. Over the past decade, obesity science has evolved to improve knowledge of its multifactorial causes, identifying important biological causes and sociological determinants of obesity. Treatments for obesity have also continued to develop, with more evidence-based programs for lifestyle modification, new pharmacotherapies, and robust data to support bariatric surgery. Despite these advancements, there continues to be a substantial gap between the scientific evidence and the implementation of research into clinical practice for effective obesity management. Addressing barriers to obesity science implementation requires adopting feasible methodologies and targeting multiple levels (eg, clinician, community, system, policy) to facilitate the delivery of obesity-targeted therapies and maximize the effectiveness of guideline-driven care to at-need patient populations. This scientific statement (1) describes strategies shown to be effective or promising for enhancing translation and clinical application of obesity-based research; (2) identifies key gaps in the implementation of obesity science into clinical practice; and (3) provides guidance and resources for health care professionals, health care systems, and other stakeholders to promote broader implementation and uptake of obesity science for improved population-level obesity management. In addition, advances in implementation science that hold promise to bridge the know-do gap in obesity prevention and treatment are discussed. Last, this scientific statement highlights implications for health research policy and future research to improve patient care models and optimize the delivery and sustainability of equitable obesity-related care.
Antibodies to Malondialdehyde‐Acetaldehyde Adduct Are Associated with Prevalent and Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis‐Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in U.S. Veterans
Authors: Nozima Aripova, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Michael J. Duryee, Carlos D. Hunter, Yangyuna Yang, Punyasha Roul, Dana P. Ascherman, Scott M. Matson, Gary Kunkel, Grant W. Cannon, Katherine D. Wysham, Gail S. Kerr, Paul A. Monach, Joshua F. Baker, Jill A. Poole, Ted R. Mikuls, Bryant R. England
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

The objective of this study is to determine the associations of protein-specific anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) antibodies with prevalent and incident rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).
Impact of glucocorticoid dose on complete response, serious infections, and mortality during the initial therapy of lupus nephritis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the control arms of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Gabriel Figueroa‐Parra, María C. Cuéllar‐Gutiérrez, Mariana González‐Treviño, Alain Sanchez‐Rodriguez, Jaime Flores‐Gouyonnet, José A. Meade‐Aguilar, Larry J. Prokop, M. Hassan Murad, María Dall'Era, Brad H. Rovin, Frédéric Houssiau, Farah Tamirou, Fernando C. Fervenza, Cynthia S. Crowson, Michael S. Putman, Alí Duarte‐García
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

Objective Our objective was to evaluate the effect of glucocorticoid regimens on renal response, infections, and mortality among patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the control arms of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We included RCTs of biopsy‐proven LN that used a protocolized regimen of glucocorticoids in combination with mycophenolic acid analogs or cyclophosphamide and reported the outcomes of complete response (CR), serious infections, and death. The starting dosage of glucocorticoids, tapering method, and administration of glucocorticoid pulses were abstracted. Meta‐analysis of proportions, meta‐regression, and subgroup meta‐analysis were performed at 6 and 12 months for all outcomes. Results Fifty RCT arms (3,231 patients with LN) were included. The predicted rates of CR, serious infections, and death when starting on oral prednisone at 25 mg/day without pulses were 19.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.3–31.5), 3.2% (95% CI 2.4–4.0), and 0.2% (95% CI 0.0–0.4), respectively. Starting on prednisone at 60 mg/day (without pulses) increased the rates to 34.6% (95% CI 16.9–52.3), 12.1% (95% CI 9.3–14.9), and 2.7% (95% CI 0.0–5.3), respectively. Adding glucocorticoid pulses increased the rates of CR and death but not serious infections. We observed a dose–response gradient between the initial glucocorticoid dosage and all the outcomes at six months after accounting for the administration of glucocorticoid pulses, underlying immunosuppressant, and baseline proteinuria. Conclusion A higher exposure to glucocorticoids during the initial therapy of LN was associated with better renal outcomes at the cost of increased infections and death.
Early on-treatment assessment of T-cells, cytokines and tumor DNA with adaptively-dosed nivolumab + ipilimumab: final results from the phase 2 ADAPT-IT study
Authors: James W. Smithy, Hannah L. Kalvin, Fiona D. Ehrich, Ronak Shah, Matthew Adamow, Vladislav Raber, Collen A. Maher, Jenna Kleman, Deborah A.G. McIntyre, Alexander N. Shoushtari, Allison Betof Warner, Margaret K. Callahan, Parisa Momtaz, Omar Eton, Suresh Nair, Jedd D. Wolchok, Paul B. Chapman, Michael F. Berger, Katherine S. Panageas, Michael A. Postow
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

The Adaptively Dosed ImmunoTherapy Trial (ADAPT-IT;NCT03122522) investigated adaptive ipilimumab discontinuation in melanoma based on early radiographic assessment. Initial findings indicated similar effectiveness compared with conventional nivolumab-ipilimumab (nivo-ipi). Exploratory biomarker analyses and final clinical results are now reported.
Survival Benefit Associated With Participation in Clinical Trials of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Renata Iskander, Hannah Moyer, Karine Vigneault, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Jonathan Kimmelman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Many cancer clinical investigators view clinical trials as offering better care for patients than routine clinical care. However, definitive evidence of clinical benefit from trial participation (hereafter referred to as the participation effect ) has yet to emerge. Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence examining whether patient participation in cancer trials was associated with greater survival benefit compared with routine care. Data Sources Studies were found through PubMed and Embase (January 1, 2000, until August 31, 2022), as well as backward and forward citation searching. Study Selection Studies were included that compared overall survival of trial participants and routine care patients. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed by 2 independent coders using Covidence software. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and analyzed based on the quality of the comparison between trial participants and routine care patients (ie, extent to which studies controlled for bias and confounders). Main Outcomes and Measures The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival of trial participants vs routine care patients. Results Thirty-nine publications were included, comprising 85 comparisons of trial participants and routine care patients. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant overall survival benefit for trial participants (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69-0.82]) when all studies were pooled, regardless of design or quality. However, survival benefits diminished in study subsets that matched trial participants and routine care patients for eligibility criteria (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.75-0.97]) and disappeared when only high-quality studies were pooled (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.80-1.05]). They also disappeared when estimates were adjusted for potential publication bias (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.86-1.03]). Conclusions and Relevance Many studies suggest a survival benefit for cancer trial participants. However, these benefits were not detected in studies using designs addressing important sources of bias and confounding. Pooled results of high-quality studies are not consistent with a beneficial effect of trial participation on its own.
Variations by State in Firearm Suicide Among US Children and Young Adults, 2016-2021
Authors: Kerri A. McKie, Rebecca C. Bell, Lois K. Lee
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines variations by state in firearm suicide rates in US children and young adults from 2016 to 2021 using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Nutritional Challenges and Treatment After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Violeta Moize, Blandine Laferrère, Sue Shapses
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2024)

Bariatric surgery is an important weight loss tool in individuals with severe obesity. It is currently the most effective long-term weight loss treatment that lowers obesity-related comorbidities. It also has significant physiological and nutritional consequences that can result in gastrointestinal complications and micronutrient deficiencies. After gastric bypass, clinical events that negatively affect nutritional status include malabsorption, dumping syndrome, kidney stones, altered intestinal bile acid availability, bowel obstruction, ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux, and bacterial overgrowth. Risk factors for poor nutritional status and excessive loss of lean body mass and bone include reduced dietary quality and inadequate intake, altered nutrient absorption, and poor patient compliance with nutrient supplementation. There are unique concerns in adolescents, older individuals, and individuals who become pregnant postoperatively. With careful management, health-care professionals can assist with long-term weight loss success and minimize the risk of acute and long-term nutrition complications after bariatric surgery.
Correction:<i>Impact of respiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, respiratory function and quality of life in individuals with tetraplegia: a randomised clinical trial</i>
Journal: Thorax (2024)

The authors have identified two small errors, in the text and legend of figure 3.The first error occurs in the results section pertaining to the primary outcome measure.The published text currently states: 'There were also increases in mean MIP in the motor-complete (difference between groups 12.3 cmH2O, CI95%=4.7 to 20.0, p=0.002) and motor-incomplete groups (difference between groups 10.8 cmH2O, CI95%=-0.06 to 21.7, p=0.051) (table 5).'The authors would like to replace 'and' with 'but not', as the statement could be misinterpreted to read that the motor-incomplete group also had a significant improvement, which is not so as p>0.05.The second error relates to the name of the error bars within the legend of figure 3. The publication indicates the error bars of the solid squares are SD when in fact they are the corresponding 95% CI of the group mean (similar to the solid triangles).
Author Correction: Targeting LIPA independent of its lipase activity is a therapeutic strategy in solid tumors via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Xihui Liu, Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli, Shourya Kumar, Tae-Kyung Lee, Andrew Moore, Shihong Ma, Liping Chen, Michael Hsieh, Mengxing Li, Gangadhara R Sareddy, Karla Parra, Eliot B Blatt, Tanner C Reese, Yuting Zhao, Annabel Chang, Hui Yan, Zhenming Xu, Uday P Pratap, Zexuan Liu, Carlos M Roggero, Zhenqiu Tan, Susan T Weintraub, Yan Peng, Rajeshwar R Tekmal, Carlos L Arteaga, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Ratna K Vadlamudi, Jung-Mo Ahn, Ganesh V Raj
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)

In the version of this article initially published, in the legend to Extended Data Fig. 2a, the dose of ERX-41 was reported as 10 mg/kg/day for both BALB/c and nude mice, but the BALB/c mice were in fact administered 20 mg/kg/day.The correct figure legend for Extended Data Fig. 2a is "Nude mice with MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors were treated with either a vehicle or ERX-41 (10 mg/ kg/day) for a duration of 52 days.Similarly, BALB/c mice with D2A1 xenograft tumors received a treatment of 20 mg/kg/day for 23 days.Following these treatments, histologic architecture in various organs of both the nude mice and BALB/c mice was assessed using H&E staining (a).