tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adipsin inhibits Irak2 mitochondrial translocation and improves fatty acid β-oxidation to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meng-Yuan Jiang, Wan-Rong Man, Xue-Bin Zhang, Xiao-Hua Zhang, Yu Duan, Jie Lin, Yan Zhang, Yang Cao, De-Xi Wu, Xiao-Fei Shu, Lei Xin, Hao Wang, Xiao Zhang, Cong-Ye Li, Xiao-Ming Gu, Xuan Zhang, Dong-Dong Sun
Journal: Military Medical Research (2023)

Abstract Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) causes the myocardium to rely on fatty acid β-oxidation for energy. The accumulation of intracellular lipids and fatty acids in the myocardium usually results in lipotoxicity, which impairs myocardial function. Adipsin may play an important protective role in the pathogenesis of DCM. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulatory effect of Adipsin on DCM lipotoxicity and its molecular mechanism. Methods A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus model was constructed in mice with adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Adipsin (Adipsin-Tg). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down technique, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence colocalization analyses were used to investigate the molecules which can directly interact with Adipsin. The immunocolloidal gold method was also used to detect the interaction between Adipsin and its downstream modulator. Results The expression of Adipsin was significantly downregulated in the HFD-induced DCM model ( P &lt; 0.05). Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of Adipsin significantly improved cardiac function and alleviated cardiac remodeling in DCM ( P &lt; 0.05). Adipsin overexpression also alleviated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function in diabetic stress ( P &lt; 0.05). LC–MS/MS analysis, GST pull-down technique and Co-IP studies revealed that interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2 (Irak2) was a downstream regulator of Adipsin. Immunofluorescence analysis also revealed that Adipsin was co-localized with Irak2 in cardiomyocytes. Immunocolloidal gold electron microscopy and Western blotting analysis indicated that Adipsin inhibited the mitochondrial translocation of Irak2 in DCM, thus dampening the interaction between Irak2 and prohibitin (Phb)-optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) on mitochondria and improving the structural integrity and function of mitochondria ( P &lt; 0.05). Interestingly, in the presence of Irak2 knockdown, Adipsin overexpression did not further alleviate myocardial mitochondrial destruction and cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a downstream role of Irak2 in Adipsin-induced responses ( P &lt; 0.05). Consistent with these findings, overexpression of Adipsin after Irak2 knockdown did not further reduce the accumulation of lipids and their metabolites in the cardiac myocardium, nor did it enhance the oxidation capacity of cardiomyocytes expose to palmitate (PA) ( P &lt; 0.05). These results indicated that Irak2 may be a downstream regulator of Adipsin. Conclusions Adipsin improves fatty acid β-oxidation and alleviates mitochondrial injury in DCM. The mechanism is related to Irak2 interaction and inhibition of Irak2 mitochondrial translocation.
Adolescent Body Mass Index and Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Young Adulthood
Authors: Avishai M. Tsur, Inbal Akavian, Regev Landau, Estela Derazne, Dorit Tzur, Asaf Vivante, Ehud Grossman, Ran S. Rotem, Boris Fishman, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Arnon Afek, Josef Coresh, Gabriel Chodick, Gilad Twig
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2023)

Despite increasing obesity rates in adolescents, data regarding early kidney sequelae are lacking.
Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a Burden of Proof study
Authors: Cory N. Spencer, Mariam Khalil, Molly Herbert, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Alejandra Arrieta, María Jose Baeza, Flavia Bustreo, Jack Cagney, Renzo J. C. Calderon-Anyosa, Sinclair Carr, Jaidev Kaur Chandan, Carolina V. N. Coll, Fabiana Martins Dias de Andrade, Gisele N. de Andrade, Alexandra N. Debure, Luisa S. Flor, Ben Hammond, Simon I. Hay, Felicia N. Knaul, Rachel Q. H. Lim, Susan A. McLaughlin, Sonica Minhas, Jasleen K. Mohr, Erin C. Mullany, Christopher J. L. Murray, Erin M. O’Connell, Vedavati Patwardhan, Sofia Reinach, Dalton Scott, Reed J. D. Sorenson, Caroline Stein, Heidi Stöckl, Aisha Twalibu, Nádia Vasconcelos, Peng Zheng, Nicholas Metheny, Joht Singh Chandan, Emmanuela Gakidou
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract The health impacts of intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse are not fully understood. Here we conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching seven electronic databases for literature on intimate partner violence-associated and childhood sexual abuse-associated health effects. Following the burden of proof methodology, we evaluated the evidence strength linking intimate partner violence and/or childhood sexual abuse to health outcomes supported by at least three studies. Results indicated a moderate association of intimate partner violence with major depressive disorder and with maternal abortion and miscarriage (63% and 35% increased risk, respectively). HIV/AIDS, anxiety disorders and self-harm exhibited weak associations with intimate partner violence. Fifteen outcomes were evaluated for their relationship to childhood sexual abuse, which was shown to be moderately associated with alcohol use disorders and with self-harm (45% and 35% increased risk, respectively). Associations between childhood sexual abuse and 11 additional health outcomes, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, were found to be weak. Although our understanding remains limited by data scarcity, these health impacts are larger in magnitude and more extensive than previously reported. Renewed efforts on violence prevention and evidence-based approaches that promote healing and ensure access to care are necessary.
Intraoperative strategies in identification and functional protection of parathyroid glands for patients with thyroidectomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Dengwei Lu, Bin Pan, Enjie Tang, Supeng Yin, Yiceng Sun, Yuquan Yuan, Tingjie Yin, Zeyu Yang, Fan Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: This study aimed to assess the benefits and limitations of four intraoperative visualization of parathyroid gland (IVPG) strategies in the identification and functional protection of parathyroid glands (PGs). Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, EMBASE, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until 30 June 2023. Four IVPG strategies were composed of the naked eyes (NE) and three imaging strategies: autofluorescence (AF), indocyanine green fluorescence (ICGF), and carbon nanoparticles (CN). We performed a pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) for direct comparisons and a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) for indirect comparisons. Results: A total of 29 eligible studies were included. According to NMA and PMA, AF had significantly lower rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, PG inadvertent resection, and PG auto-transplantation compared to NE, while had significantly higher rate of PG identification. CN showed significantly lower rates of postoperative hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism, and PG inadvertent resection compared to NE in PMA and NMA. ICGF showed a significantly higher rate of PG auto-transplantation compared to NE in PMA and AF in NMA. According to SUCRA values, AF showed the best advantage in reducing the rate of postoperative hypocalcemia (0.85) and PG inadvertent resection (0.89), and increasing the rate of PG identification (0.80). CN had the greatest advantage in reducing the rate of postoperative hypoparathyroidism (0.95). ICGF ranked the highest in the rate of PG auto-transplantation (0.98). Conclusions: Three imaging strategies demonstrate significant superiority over NE in the intraoperative PG identification and functional protection. AF is the best strategy in reducing the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, increasing the rate of PG identification, and reducing the rate of PG inadvertent resection and auto-transplantation. ICGF has great value in assessing PG viability, leading to the trend towards PG auto-transplantation. CN is the best strategy in reducing the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.
From early risk to 1-year mortality: a comprehensive assessment of postoperative venous thromboembolism in upper gastrointestinal cancer patients – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jérémie Thereaux, Bogdan Badic, Basile Fuchs, Cyril Leven, Anais Caillard, Karin Lacut, Jean-Philippe Metges, Francis Couturaud
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-recognized complication following gastrointestinal cancer surgery, particularly early postoperatively. The incidence and risk factors of VTE within 1-year after esophageal (including esophago-gastric junction) (ECS) and gastric (GCS) cancer surgeries, and especially its impact on 1-year global mortality, are yet under-explored. Methods: This nationwide observational population-based cohort study used data extracted from all patients undergoing ECS and GCS in France between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for 90 postoperative days (POD) VTE (OR 95% CI). Cox proportional hazards models investigated the impact of 1-year postoperative VTE on 1-year global mortality [HR (95% CI)]. Results: During the study period, 8005 patients underwent ECS ( N =3429) or GCS ( N =4576) (31.8% female; 66.7±12.1 years old). Majority ( N =4951) of patients had preoperative treatment (chemotherapy or radiochemotherapy). Ninety POD incidence of VTE were 4.7% (ECS=6.2%) (GCS=3.6%) (44.7% during first hospitalization, 19.0% needing readmission, and 36.3% ambulatory management). Main risk factors were three and two field esophagectomy [3.6 (2.20–5.83) and 2.2 (1.68–3.0)], obesity [1.9 (1.40–2.58)] and history of VTE [5.1 (2.72–9.45)]. Late-onset VTE rates (occurring between the 6th and 12th month) represented 1.80 and 1.46% of the overall ECS and GCS groups. Patients with VTE within 1-year had higher risks of 1-year global mortality: (2.04 1.52; 2.73) and 2.71 (2.09; 3.51), respectively. Conclusion: Our extensive analysis of a nationwide database highlights the significant risk of postoperative VTE after ECS and GCS, persisting within 90 POD and up to 1-year. Crucially, a higher risk of global mortality within 1-year for patients experiencing early or late VTE was found. These findings could advocate for further research into extended prophylactic regimens, particularly for those most at risk.
Development and Validation of the CANHEART Population-Based Laboratory Prediction Models for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Maneesh Sud, Atul Sivaswamy, Peter C. Austin, Todd J. Anderson, David M.J. Naimark, Michael E. Farkouh, Douglas S. Lee, Idan Roifman, George Thanassoulis, Karen Tu, Jacob A. Udell, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Dennis T. Ko
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

Background: Prediction of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in primary prevention assessments exclusively with laboratory results may facilitate automated risk reporting and improve uptake of preventive therapies. Objective: To develop and validate sex-specific prediction models for ASCVD using age and routine laboratory tests and compare their performance with that of the pooled cohort equations (PCEs). Design: Derivation and validation of the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) Lab Models. Setting: Population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Participants: A derivation and internal validation cohort of adults aged 40 to 75 years without cardiovascular disease from April 2009 to December 2015; an external validation cohort of primary care patients from January 2010 to December 2014. Measurements: Age and laboratory predictors measured in the outpatient setting included serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, leukocytes, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and glucose. The ASCVD outcomes were defined as myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease within 5 years. Results: Sex-specific models were developed and internally validated in 2 160 497 women and 1 833 147 men. They were well calibrated, with relative differences less than 1% between mean predicted and observed risk for both sexes. The c-statistic was 0.77 in women and 0.71 in men. External validation in 31 697 primary care patients showed a relative difference less than 14% and an absolute difference less than 0.3 percentage points in mean predicted and observed risks for both sexes. The c-statistics for the laboratory models were 0.72 for both sexes and were not statistically significantly different from those for the PCEs in women (change in c-statistic, −0.01 [95% CI, −0.03 to 0.01]) or men (change in c-statistic, −0.01 [CI, −0.04 to 0.02]). Limitation: Medication use was not available at the population level. Conclusion: The CANHEART Lab Models predict ASCVD with similar accuracy to more complex models, such as the PCEs. Primary Funding Source: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.
International Pooled Analysis of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Premenopausal Breast Cancer in Women From 19 Cohorts
Authors: Iain R. Timmins, Michael E. Jones, Katie M. O'Brien, Hans-Olov Adami, Dagfinn Aune, Laura Baglietto, Kimberly A. Bertrand, Kristen D. Brantley, Yu Chen, Jessica Clague DeHart, Tess V. Clendenen, Laure Dossus, A. Heather Eliassen, Olivia Fletcher, Agnès Fournier, Niclas Håkansson, Susan E. Hankinson, Richard S. Houlston, Corinne E. Joshu, Victoria A. Kirsh, Cari M. Kitahara, Woon-Puay Koh, Martha S. Linet, Hannah Lui Park, Brigid M. Lynch, Anne M. May, Lene Mellemkjær, Roger L. Milne, Julie R. Palmer, Fulvio Ricceri, Thomas E. Rohan, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Xiao-Ou Shu, Karl Smith-Byrne, Karen Steindorf, Malin Sund, Celine M. Vachon, Lars J. Vatten, Kala Visvanathan, Elisabete Weiderpass, Walter C. Willett, Alicja Wolk, Jian-Min Yuan, Wei Zheng, Hazel B. Nichols, Dale P. Sandler, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Minouk J. Schoemaker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

There is strong evidence that leisure-time physical activity is protective against postmenopausal breast cancer risk but the association with premenopausal breast cancer is less clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity with the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer.
How Would You Manage This Patient With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction?
Authors: Gerald W. Smetana, Jennifer E. Ho, Ariela R. Orkaby, Eileen E. Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2023)

The proportion of patients with new-onset heart failure who have preserved rather than reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF and HFrEF) has been increasing over recent decades. In fact, HFpEF now outweighs HFrEF as the predominant heart failure subtype and likely remains underdiagnosed in the community. This is due in part to an aging population and a rise in other risk factors for HFpEF, including obesity and associated cardiometabolic disease. Whereas the diagnosis of HFrEF is relatively straightforward, the diagnosis of HFpEF is often more challenging because there can be other causes for symptoms, including dyspnea and fatigue, and cardinal physical examination findings of elevated jugular venous pressure or pulmonary congestion may not be evident at rest. In 2022, the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the Heart Failure Society of America published a comprehensive guideline on heart failure that included recommendations for the management of HFpEF. The use of diuretics for the management of congestion remained the only class 1 (strong) recommendation. New recommendations included broader use of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i, class 2a), and angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (class 2b). In 2023, the American College of Cardiology published an expert consensus decision pathway for the management of HFpEF that suggests treatment strategies based on sex assigned at birth, ejection fraction, clinical evidence of congestion, and candidacy for SGLT2i therapy. Here, 2 experts, a cardiologist and a geriatrician, discuss their approach to the diagnosis and management of HFpEF and how they would apply guidelines to an individual patient.
Gallbladder perforation in acute acalculous vs. calculous cholecystitis: a retrospective comparative cohort study with 10-year single-center experience
Authors: Kyong Joo Lee, Se Woo Park, Da Hae Park, Hye Won Cha, Ana Choi, Dong Hee Koh, Jin Lee, Jung Min Lee, Chan Hyuk Park
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: Gallstones are a well-known risk factor for acute cholecystitis. However, their role as a risk factor for gallbladder perforation (GBP) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of gallstones on the development of GBP. Materials and methods: This large-scale retrospective cohort study enroled consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. The primary endpoint was the role of gallstones as a risk factor for developing GBP. Secondary endpoints included the clinical characteristics of GBP, other risk factors for GBP, differences in clinical outcomes between patients with acalculous cholecystitis (AC) and calculous cholecystitis (CC), and the influence of cholecystectomy timing. Results: A total of 4497 patients were included in this study. The incidence of GBP was significantly higher in the AC group compared to the CC group (5.6% vs. 1.0%, P &lt;0.001). However, there were no differences in ICU admission and hospital stay durations. The incidence of overall complications was significantly higher in the AC group than in the CC group (2.2% vs. 1.0%, P &lt;0.001). Patients with AC had a higher risk of developing GBP than those with CC (odds ratio, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.94–8.33). In addition, older age (≥60 years), male sex, comorbidities, poor performance status, and concomitant acute cholangitis were associated with the development of GBP. Furthermore, the incidence of GBP was significantly higher in the delayed cholecystectomy group than in the early cholecystectomy group (2.0% vs. 0.9%, P &lt;0.001). Conclusions: AC is a significant risk factor for GBP. Furthermore, early cholecystectomy can significantly reduce GBP-related morbidity and mortality.
Insufficiency of plasmatic arginine/homoarginine during the initial postoperative phase among patients with tumors affecting the medulla oblongata heightens the likelihood of neurogenic pulmonary oedema following surgery
Authors: Liang Wang, Qing Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Guanghui Zheng, Ke Wang, Zhen Wu, Junting Zhang, Wang Jia, Guojun Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

Background: This prospective clinical study aims to investigate the fluctuations of neurotransmitters in peripheral venous blood during the perioperative period and to identify independent predictors for postoperative neurogenic pulmonary oedema (NPE) in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. Materials and methods: Peripheral venous blood samples of the enroled patients at seven perioperative time points, as well as their medical records and radiologic data were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was utilized to detect the concentrations of 39 neurotransmitters in these samples. The study applied univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression analyses to explore independent predictors of postoperative NPE, and one-way repeated-measures ANOVA to compare the concentrations of the same neurotransmitter at different perioperative time points. Results: The study included 36 patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours from January to December 2019, and found that 13.9% of them experienced postoperative NPE. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane ( P =0.008), decreased concentrations of arginine ( P =0.026) and homoarginine ( P =0.030), and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation ( P &lt;0.001) were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative NPE in medulla oblongata-involved tumour patients. Pairwise comparison analysis revealed that the perioperative decreases in arginine and homoarginine concentrations mainly occurred within the postoperative 8 h. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that NPE is not uncommon in patients with medulla oblongata-involved tumours. The absence of intraoperative use of sevoflurane, decreased concentrations of plasmatic arginine and homoarginine, and prolonged postoperative tracheal extubation are independent predictors of postoperative NPE. These two neurotransmitters’ concentrations dropped mainly within the early postoperative hours and could serve as potential early warning indicators of postoperative NPE in clinical practice.
Comment on: Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to localize insulinoma and provide three-dimensional demarcation for laparoscopic enucleation: a retrospective single-arm cohort study
Authors: Youbao Huang, Dongyao Xu, Wei Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou,Fujian Province, 362000,P.R. China b■■■ This is a commentary,no date needs state. Youbao Huang, Dongyao Xu These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou,Fujian Province, 362000,P.R. China. E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Wang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
A commentary on ‘The efficacy and safety of low dialysate sodium levels for patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis’
Authors: Yong Liang, Guangbiao Xu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2023)

aDepartment of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China, 211200 bDepartment of Nephrology, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang, China, 317000 All data in this manuscript is available and transparent for readers. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang, China, 317000. E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Xu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/