tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in Latin America: an international, retrospective, cohort study
Authors: Luis Malpica, Henry Idrobo, Astrid Pavlovsky, Eliana C M Miranda, Denisse Castro, Brady Beltran, Daniel J Enriquez, Jule F Vasquez, Claudia Roche, Fabiola Valvert, Luis Villela, Thais Fischer, Juliana Pereira, Renata L R Baptista, Guilherme Duffles, Sergio A B Brasil, Carolina Oliver, Jamila Vaz Tavarez, Fernando Warley, Lorena Fiad, Laura Korin, Patricio H Pereyra, Macarena Roa, Maria A Torres, Carolina V Mahuad, Alfredo R Quiroz, Raimundo Gazitua, Massimo Federico, Bryan Valcarcel, Carlos Chiattone
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2025)
A real-world experience of efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Rachel Dileo, Prerna Mewawalla, Kalaivani Babu, Yue Yin, Christopher Strouse, Ethan Chen, Hira Shaikh, James A. Davis, Kimberly M. Green, Omar Alkharabsheh, Aliya Rashid, Bidushi Pokhrel, Nausheen Ahmed, Al-Ola Abdallah, Hamza Hashmi
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)

Abstract While initial trials led to the accelerated approval of belantamab mafodotin, a BCMA-directed antibody-drug conjugate, confirmatory trials failed to establish benefit from this therapy for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), eventually leading to its withdrawal from commercial use. With an imminent approval as an effective combination therapy, as seen in recent randomized trials, we report real-world clinical outcomes with belantamab mafodotin in 81 RRMM patients. With a median of 5 (range 2–15) prior lines of therapy, 92, 45, and 15% of the patients were triple-class refractory, penta-class refractory, and BCMA-refractory. More than half (57%) of the patients had high-risk cytogenetics, 37% had extramedullary disease (EMD), and 67% of the patients would have been considered ineligible for the DREAMM-2 trial. The best overall response (ORR) and complete response rates were 40.0 and 15.0%, respectively. ORRs were lower in patients with EMD, BCMA-refractory, and penta-refractory disease at 23, 17, and 24%, respectively. All-grade ocular toxicity was seen in 69% of patients, with grade 3+ events in 43%. Grade 3+ hematological toxicities included neutropenia (20%), anemia (28%), and thrombocytopenia (31%). With a median follow-up of 11.3 (0.3–44.6) months for the entire population, median PFS and OS were 5 (1–20) months and 12 (3–28) months, respectively. Presence of EMD was the only predictor of both PFS and OS on multivariable analysis. Compared to the pivotal trial and despite several high-risk disease features, belantamab mafodotin demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety in this real-world patient population.
Evaluating search engines and large language models for answering health questions
Authors: Marcos Fernández-Pichel, Juan C. Pichel, David E. Losada
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Search engines (SEs) have traditionally been primary tools for information seeking, but the new large language models (LLMs) are emerging as powerful alternatives, particularly for question-answering tasks. This study compares the performance of four popular SEs, seven LLMs, and retrieval-augmented (RAG) variants in answering 150 health-related questions from the TREC Health Misinformation (HM) Track. Results reveal SEs correctly answer 50–70% of questions, often hindered by many retrieval results not responding to the health question. LLMs deliver higher accuracy, correctly answering about 80% of questions, though their performance is sensitive to input prompts. RAG methods significantly enhance smaller LLMs' effectiveness, improving accuracy by up to 30% by integrating retrieval evidence.
Smartphone conjunctiva photography for malaria risk stratification in asymptomatic school age children
Authors: Shaun G. Hong, Sang Mok Park, Semin Kwon, Haripriya Sakthivel, Sreeram P. Nagappa, Jung Woo Leem, Steven R. Steinhubl, Pascal Ngiruwonsanga, Jean-Louis N. Mangara, Célestin Twizere, Young L. Kim
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Malaria remains a major global health challenge. Although effective control relies on testing all suspected cases, asymptomatic infections in school-age children are frequently overlooked. Advances in retinal imaging and computer vision have enhanced malaria detection. However, noninvasive, point-of-care malaria detection remains unrealized, partly because of the need for specialized equipment. Here we report radiomic analyses of 4302 photographs of the palpebral conjunctiva captured using unmodified smartphone cameras from asymptomatic 405 participants aged 5 to 15 years to predict malaria risk. Our neural network classification model of radiomic features achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76 with 95% confidence intervals from 0.68 to 0.84 in distinguishing between malaria-infected and non-infected cases in endemic regions. Photographing the inner eyelid provides the advantages of easy accessibility and direct exposure to the microvasculature. This mobile health approach has the potential for malaria prescreening and managing febrile illness in resource-limited settings.
Correction to: Randomized Study Comparing a Novel Intranasal Formulation of Bumetanide to Oral and Intravenous Formulations
Authors: Andrew P. Ambrosy, Daniel Bensimhon, Galina Bernstein, Brian Kolski, Joel Neutel, Anuradha Lala, Navin K. Kapur, Benjamin Esque, Eric Adler
Journal: Circulation (2025)
Correction to: Prevalence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Female Masters Endurance Athletes
Authors: Efstathios Papatheodorou, Vincent L. Aengevaeren, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Khaled AlFakih, Rebecca Kathryn Hughes, Ahmed Merghani, Christine K. Kissel, Saad Fyyaz, Athanasios Bakalakos, Mathew G. Wilson, Damini Dey, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Gemma Parry-Williams, Camilla Torlasco, Michael Papadakis, James C. Moon, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2025)
Albuminuria in Cardiovascular, Kidney, and Metabolic Disorders: A State-of-the-Art Review
Authors: Sophie E. Claudel, Ashish Verma
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Albuminuria—increased urine albumin excretion—is associated with cardiovascular mortality among patients with diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure, as well as among adults with few cardiovascular risk factors. Many authors have hypothesized that albuminuria reflects widespread endothelial dysfunction, but additional work is needed to uncover whether albuminuria is directly pathologic or causative of cardiovascular disease. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio is an attractive, unifying biomarker of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic conditions that may be useful for identifying and monitoring disease trajectory. However, albuminuria may develop through unique mechanisms across these distinct clinical phenotypes. This state-of-the-art review discusses the role of albuminuria in cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic conditions; identifies potential pathways linking albuminuria to adverse outcomes; and provides practical approaches to screening and managing albuminuria for clinical cardiologists. Future research is needed to determine how broadly and how frequently to screen patients for albuminuria, whether it is cost-effective to treat low-grade albuminuria (10–30 mg/g), and how to equitably offer newer antiproteinuric therapies across the spectrum of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic diseases.
Genomic Characterization of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Reveals Distinct Somatic Features in Black Individuals
Authors: Katherine A. Lawson-Michod, Jeffrey R. Marks, Lindsay J. Collin, David A. Nix, Natalie R. Davidson, Chad D. Huff, Yao Yu, Aaron Atkinson, Courtney E. Johnson, Lucas A. Salas, Lauren C. Peres, Casey S. Greene, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Jennifer A. Doherty
Journal: Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Black individuals experience worse survival after a diagnosis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) than White individuals and are underrepresented in ovarian cancer research. To date, the understanding of the molecular and genomic heterogeneity of HGSC is based primarily on the evaluation of tumors from White individuals. In the present study, we performed whole exome sequencing on HGSC samples from 211 Black patients to identify significantly mutated genes and characterize mutational signatures, assessing their distributions by gene expression subtypes. The occurrence and frequency of somatic mutations and signatures by self-reported race were compared to historical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Despite technical differences (e.g., formalin-fixed vs. fresh-frozen tissue), the distribution of mutations and their variant classifications for major HGSC genes were nearly identical across study populations. However, de novo significantly mutated gene analysis identified genes not previously reported in the TCGA analysis, including the oncogene KRAS and the potential tumor suppressor OBSCN. The prevalence of the homologous recombination deficiency signature was higher among Black individuals with the immunoreactive gene expression subtype compared with the mesenchymal and proliferative subtypes. These findings were confirmed by comparing the data from Black patients to 123 White patients with identical tissue collection and processing. Overall, this study suggests that, while most features of HGSC tumor phenotypes are similar in Black and White populations, there may be clinically-relevant differences. If validated, these phenotypes may be important for clinical decision-making and would have been missed by characterizing tumors from White individuals only.
Ethical considerations in AI for child health and recommendations for child-centered medical AI
Authors: Seo Yi Chng, Mark Jun Wen Tern, Yung Seng Lee, Lionel Tim-Ee Cheng, Jeevesh Kapur, Johan Gunnar Eriksson, Yap Seng Chong, Julian Savulescu
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Abstract There does not exist any previous comprehensive review on AI ethics in child health or any guidelines for management, unlike in adult medicine. This review describes ethical principles in AI for child health and provides recommendations for child-centered medical AI. We also introduce the Pediatrics EthicAl Recommendations List for AI (PEARL-AI) framework for clinicians and AI developers to ensure ethical AI enabled systems in healthcare for children.
Effect of Oral Semaglutide Versus Comparators on Multiple Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Control in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Vanita R. Aroda, Brian Malling, Juris J. Meier, Morten T. Abildlund, Pranav Kelkar, Tina Vilsbøll, Kamlesh Khunti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)
Acid and phosphatase-triggered release and trapping of a prodrug on cancer cell enhance its chemotherapy
Authors: Liangxi Zhu, Zixiu Shen, Xiaoyang Liu, Runqun Tang, Ziyi Zhang, Furong Zhao, Jue Wang, Wenjun Zhan, Lei Zhou, Gaolin Liang, Rui Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Targeting copper homeostasis: Akkermansia-derived OMVs co-deliver Atox1 siRNA and Elesclomol for cancer therapy
Authors: Muhammad Hamza, Shuai Wang, Hao Wu, Jiayi Sun, Yang Du, Chuting Zeng, Yike Liu, Kun Li, Xili Zhu, Huiying Liu, Lin Chen, Motao Zhu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)
Unraveling the mystery of citrate transporters in Alzheimer’s disease: An updated review
Authors: Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Shatakshi Mishra, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Sandra Kannampuzha, Reshma Murali, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, B Stany, Balachandar Vellingiri, Harishkumar Madhyastha, Kanagavel Deepankumar, Murali Vijayan
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2025)
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics exerts predictive potential for immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) in CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Tomoko Nomiyama, Daiki Setoyama, Ikumi Yamanaka, Masatoshi Shimo, Kohta Miyawaki, Takuji Yamauchi, Fumiaki Jinnouchi, Teppei Sakoda, Kensuke Sasaki, Takahiro Shima, Yoshikane Kikushige, Yasuo Mori, Koichi Akashi, Koji Kato, Yuya Kunisaki
Journal: Leukemia (2025)
Apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mariana de Moura de Souza, Beatriz Ximenes Mendes, Maria Luiza Rodrigues Defante, Beatriz Austregélio de Athayde de Hollanda Morais, Otávio Cosendey Martins, Vitória Martins Prizão, Gabriela Romaniello
Journal: Metabolism (2025)
Fat absorption and metabolism after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Morten Hindsø, Annemarie Lundsgaard, Bojan Marinkovic, Mikkel Helmuth Jensen, Nora Hedbäck, Maria Saur Svane, Carsten Dirksen, Nils Bruun Jørgensen, Amalie London, Palle Bekker Jeppesen, Mark Krogh Hvistendahl, Christina Christoffersen, Hartwig Roman Siebner, Bente Kiens, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Gerrit van Hall, Kirstine Nyvold Bojsen-Møller
Journal: Metabolism (2025)
Next generation of porphysomes for improved photodynamic therapy applications
Authors: Jana Alhoussein, Khatia Merabishvili, Tiffany Ho, Abdechakour Elkihel, Paul Cressey, Ágota Tóth, Ashley Qian, Mélanie Hery, Juliette Vergnaud, Séverine Domenichini, Florent Di Meo, Juan Chen, Gang Zheng, Ali Makky
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Exploring parvovirus B19 pathogenesis and therapy among kidney transplant recipients: case report and review of literature
Authors: Gian Marco Berti, Elisabetta Manaresi, Gisella Vischini, Michele Provenzano, Valeria Corradetti, Maddalena Giannella, Cecilia Bonazzetti, Matteo Rinaldi, Benedetta Fabbrizio, Matteo Ravaioli, Giorgio Gallinella, Gaetano La Manna, Giorgia Comai
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)
Effectiveness of nirsevimab in preventing RSV-hospitalisation among young children in Western Australia 2024
Authors: Ushma Wadia, Hannah C. Moore, Peter C. Richmond, Avram Levy, Lana Bell, Catherine Pienaar, Joanne Harvey, Caroline Finucane, Erin van der Helder, Lauren Bloomfield, Allen Cheng, Paul Effler, Chrisopher C. Blyth
Journal: Journal of Infection (2025)

Highlights•Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes a significant burden of illness for children under 2 years.•Nirsevimab is a new long-acting monoclonal antibody for prevention of RSV infection.•This is the first Australian study to provide nirsevimab effectiveness estimate against RSV hospitalisation over a single epidemic season.•The adjusted estimate of nirsevimab effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisation was 88.2%, similar to that reported in Northern Hemisphere countries.AbstractBackgroundRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes a significant burden of illness for children under 2 years of age. Nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, was registered for RSV prevention in Australia in 2023. In April 2024, Western Australia (WA) launched the country's first state-wide nirsevimab program for all infants and high-risk children entering their second RSV season. This study describes the effectiveness of nirsevimab against RSV hospitalisation over a single epidemic season.MethodsBetween April and October 2024, children hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed RSV-associated acute respiratory infection (ARI) and test-negative controls were enrolled from three hospitals in WA. Demographic variables, medical risk factors, symptoms and outcomes were assessed. Nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing RSV-associated hospitalisation was estimated.ResultsOver 7 months, 284 children eligible for nirsevimab were enrolled including 184 RSV positive cases and 100 controls. Coverage of nirsevimab in RSV cases was 22.8% and 60.0% in controls. The overall adjusted effectiveness of nirsevimab against RSV-associated ARI hospitalisation was 88.2% (95% CI: 73.5, 94.7). RSV infection occurred in 42 (22.8%) children who had received nirsevimab; there was no significant difference in RSV illness severity among those immunised and unimmunised.ConclusionNirsevimab was highly effective at preventing RSV-associated ARI hospitalisation in young children in the southern hemisphere.SummaryThis study is the first Australian study to provide nirsevimab effectiveness estimate against RSV hospitalisation over a single epidemic season. The adjusted estimate of nirsevimab effectiveness against RSV-associated ARI hospitalisation was 88.2%, similar to those reported from Northern Hemisphere countries.Data AvailabilityThe datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but can be made available upon request.
Facility exposure to wildfire disasters and hospital length of stay following lung cancer surgery
Authors: Leticia M Nogueira, K Robin Yabroff, Elizabeth Yates, James M Shultz, R Burciaga Valdez, Amruta Nori-Sarma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)

Abstract Background Wildfires pose substantial health and safety threats to patients recovering from lung cancer surgery. Without specific disaster preparedness guidelines, surgical oncologists might resort to improvisational strategies, such as extending post-operative length of stay (LOS) to support surgical recovery and better protect the health and safety of patients. Methods Individuals aged ≥18 years who received curative-intent lobectomy or pneumonectomy for stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer between 2004 and 2021 were selected from the National Cancer Database. Exposure was defined as a Federal Emergency Management Agency wildfire Presidential Disaster Declaration in the county of the treating facility between date of surgery and date of discharge from the hospital. Differences in the cumulative distribution function of LOS were evaluated between exposed and propensity score-matched unexposed patients treated at the same facility. Results Patients exposed to a wildfire disaster declaration in the county of the treating facility had longer LOS than unexposed patients (9.4 days compared to 7.5 days, respectively; p &amp;lt; .001) overall and for each stage (I-III) for which surgery is the recommended treatment modality. Conclusions Patients whose facility was impacted by a wildfire disaster during recovery from lung cancer surgery had longer LOS than similar patients treated at the same facility but at times when no disaster occurred. Such findings complicate the use of LOS as a post-operative quality metric. Future studies should evaluate whether extended hospital stay improves surgical care outcomes during disasters. Moreover, these findings should be considered for disaster preparedness guidelines tailored to vulnerable patient populations.
Transient inhibition of type I interferon enhances CD8+ T cell stemness and vaccine protection
Authors: Benjamin J. Broomfield, Chin Wee Tan, Raymond Z. Qin, Hanna Abberger, Brigette C. Duckworth, Carolina Alvarado, Lennard Dalit, Chee Leng Lee, Rekha Shandre Mugan, Zihnil A.I. Mazrad, Hiromi Muramatsu, Liana Mackiewicz, Bailey E. Williams, Jinjin Chen, Asuka Takanashi, Stewart Fabb, Marc Pellegrini, Kelly L. Rogers, Woohyun J. Moon, Colin W. Pouton, Melissa J. Davis, Stephen L. Nutt, Norbert Pardi, Verena C. Wimmer, Joanna R. Groom
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Developing vaccines that promote CD8+ T cell memory is a challenge for infectious disease and cancer immunotherapy. TCF-1+ stem cell–like memory CD8+ T (TSCM) cells are important determinants of long-lived memory. Yet, the developmental requirements for TSCM cell formation are unclear. Here, we identify the temporal window for type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) blockade to drive TSCM cell generation following viral infection and mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccination. We reveal a reversible developmental trajectory where transcriptionally distinct TSCM cells emerged from a transitional precursor of exhausted T cellular state concomitant with viral clearance. TSCM cell differentiation correlated with T cell retention within the lymph node paracortex due to disrupted CXCR3 chemokine gradient formation. These effects were linked to increased antigen load and a counterintuitive increase in IFNγ, which controlled cell location. Vaccination with the IFNAR blockade promoted TSCM cell differentiation and enhanced protection against chronic infection. These findings propose an approach to vaccine design whereby modulation of inflammation promotes memory formation and function.
Gout
Authors: John D. FitzGerald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2025)

Gout is characterized by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in or around joints, tendons, bursae, and other tissues, resulting in painful recurrent flares and tissue damage. Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis, with a prevalence of 5.1% in the United States, affecting 12.1 million adults. When urate levels exceed the limit of solubility (6.8 mg/dL [400 μmol/L]), MSU crystals may form or grow. Gout flares are the result of inflammatory responses to MSU crystals. The primary method to prevent and reduce gout flares, tophi, chronic inflammatory arthritis, and joint damage is to reduce urate levels below the saturation threshold. The pathophysiology of gout is well understood, and inexpensive and effective therapies are available. However, outcomes for patients with gout remain poorly optimized.
Health Care Delivery of Clinical Preventive Services for People With Disabilities
Authors: David I. Buckley, Frances Hsu, Tracy Dana, Keeley Blackie, Rebecca Holmes, Peggy Nygren, Willi Horner-Johnson, Christina Nicolaidis, Roger Chou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2025)

People with disabilities are less likely than the general population to receive clinical preventive services. To summarize barriers to and facilitators of receipt of preventive services and effectiveness of interventions to improve receipt of preventive services among people with disabilities. Five electronic databases through September 2024. Dual independent screening of abstracts and full texts for 20 recommended preventive services. Single reviewer, with a second reviewer verifying accuracy. Among 11 586 references, 74 studies were included (60 on barriers and facilitators, 16 on interventions, and 2 on both barriers/facilitators and interventions). Most evidence was on screening for breast (n = 48) and cervical (n = 33) cancer. Barriers to and facilitators of breast and cervical cancer screening spanned all disability types and across environment, individual, provider, and health care levels. Six randomized controlled trials studied educational interventions for people with physical disabilities (n = 2); cognitive, intellectual, or developmental disabilities (n = 2); sensory disabilities (n = 1); and serious mental illness (n = 1), with mixed findings on effectiveness for different preventive services. Evidence on specific components or harms of interventions was limited. High methodological or clinical heterogeneity and limited data for most preventive services and disability types. Barriers and facilitators for people with disabilities are described for breast and cervical cancer screening at the environment, individual, provider, and health care levels. Randomized studies on general educational interventions target the patient, the caregiver, and providers of people with specific disabilities. Research is needed on interventions that address barriers to and facilitators of receipt of preventive services for people with disabilities. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (Protocol registered at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/products/people-with-disabilities/protocol).
An Urgent Need to Improve Accessibility of Preventive Services for People With Disabilities
Authors: Emily Hotez, Susan Duan, Janet Ma, Sahana Shankar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2025)

As researchers and clinicians focused on people with disabilities (PWD), we read with interest Buckley and colleagues' systematic review of evidence on the barriers to and facilitators of preventive services among PWD (1). They identified 74 eligible publications and found that most research focused on breast cancer and cervical cancer. Barriers to and facilitators of receipt of preventive services were multilevel, occurring at the patient, clinician, clinic, and health care system levels. Importantly, the review identified high methodological heterogeneity within the available evidence as well as limited data for most preventive services.People with disabilities represent 26.8% of U.S. …