tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of real life postural transitions kinematics with fatigue in neurodegenerative and immune diseases
Authors: Robbin Romijnders, Arash Atrsaei, Rana Zia Ur Rehman, Lea Strehlow, Jèrôme Massoud, Chloe Hinchliffe, Victoria Macrae, Kirsten Emmert, Ralf Reilmann, C. Janneke van der Woude, Geert Van Gassen, Frédéric Baribaud, Teemu Ahmaniemi, Meenakshi Chatterjee, Bruno Kusznir Vitturi, Clémence Pinaud, Jérôme Kalifa, Stefan Avey, Wan-Fai Ng, Clint Hansen, Nikolay V. Manyakov, Walter Maetzler
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Abstract Fatigue is prevalent in immune-mediated inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, yet its assessment relies largely on patient-reported outcomes, which capture perception but not fluctuations over time. Wearable sensors, like inertial measurement units (IMUs), offer a way to monitor daily activities and evaluate functional capacity. This study investigates the relationship between sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit transitions and self-reported physical and mental fatigue in participants with Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease. Over 4 weeks, participants wore an IMU and reported fatigue levels four times daily. Using mixed-effects models, associations were identified between fatigue and specific kinematic features, such as 5th and 95th percentiles of sit-to-stand performance, suggesting that fatigue alters the control and effort of movement. These kinematic features show promise as indicators for fatigue in these patient populations.
The Hallmarks of Predictive Oncology
Authors: Akshat Singhal, Xiaoyu Zhao, Patrick Wall, Emily So, Guido Calderini, Alexander Partin, Natasha Koussa, Priyanka Vasanthakumari, Oleksandr Narykov, Yitan Zhu, Sara E. Jones, Farnoosh Abbas-Aghababazadeh, Sisira Kadambat Nair, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Athmeya Jayaram, Barbara A. Parker, Kay T. Yeung, Jason I. Griffiths, Ryan Weil, Aritro Nath, Benjamin Haibe-Kains, Trey Ideker
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Abstract The rapid evolution of machine learning has led to a proliferation of sophisticated models for predicting therapeutic responses in cancer. While many of these show promise in research, standards for clinical evaluation and adoption are lacking. Here, we propose seven hallmarks by which predictive oncology models can be assessed and compared. These are Data Relevance and Actionability, Expressive Architecture, Standardized Benchmarking, Generalizability, Interpretability, Accessibility and Reproducibility, and Fairness. Considerations for each hallmark are discussed along with an example model scorecard. We encourage the broader community, including researchers, clinicians, and regulators, to engage in shaping these guidelines toward a concise set of standards. Significance: As the field of artificial intelligence evolves rapidly, these hallmarks are intended to capture fundamental, complementary concepts necessary for the progress and timely adoption of predictive modeling in precision oncology. Through these hallmarks, we hope to establish standards and guidelines that enable the symbiotic development of artificial intelligence and precision oncology.
Delivery of genetic medicines for muscular dystrophies
Authors: Yulia Chulanova, Dor Breier, Dan Peer
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

SummaryMuscular dystrophies are a group of heterogenic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, the most common of them being Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Muscular dystrophies are caused by mutations in over 50 distinct genes, and many of them are caused by different genetic mechanisms. Currently, none of these diseases have a cure. However, in recent years, significant progress has been made to correct the underlying genetic cause. The clinical development of adeno-associated viral vector-based therapies has simultaneously produced excitement and disappointment in the research community due to the moderate effect, making it clear that new methods of muscle delivery have to be created. Herein, we review the main characteristics of major muscular dystrophies and outline various muscle-targeted delivery methods being explored for genetic medicines.Graphical abstract
Recent Developments in Women’s Health Research at the US National Institutes of Health
Authors: Janine Austin Clayton, Diana W. Bianchi, Richard Hodes, Tara A. Schwetz, Monica Bertagnolli
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance This article highlights key National Institutes of Health (NIH) programs, policies, and scientific advances that have informed and improved the health of women and describe the promise and potential of harnessing cutting-edge science and integrative approaches to advance women’s health research. Policy updates combined with recent scientific and programmatic initiatives are intended to expand understanding of women’s health, deliver diagnostics, and develop preventive approaches and novel therapies to meet critical health needs of contemporary women. Observations To benefit all people through the work funded and conducted by the NIH biomedical research enterprise, NIH has implemented policies that broadly expanded the knowledge of human health and disease from the laboratory to the clinic. Historically, women’s health research initially focused on reproductive health and female-specific conditions. It has since expanded to encompass all aspects of the health of women. As new knowledge is generated, novel insights are uncovered about how diseases and conditions affect women uniquely, differently, or disproportionately and how sex and gender, as biological and social factors, respectively, influence health and disease at multiple levels. Although cutting-edge research has generated scientific advances leading to lifesaving vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments for women, many still do not have access to them. Thus, the White House announced an initiative that catalyzes innovative, integrative women’s health research and propels translation from basic science to practical benefits, improving outcomes for all women across the lifespan. Conclusions and Relevance NIH’s policies, programs, and research funding fill gaps in knowledge about the health of women. Their synergistic results generate evidence for data-driven decision-making and targeted interventions that will improve the health not just of women, but of all people.
Oral Antibiotics and Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Grzegorz Porebski
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Outcomes Between Low-Risk Aortic Valve Replacement Trials and a Surgical Registry
Authors: Makoto Mori, Kayoko Shioda, Christina Waldron, Chenxi Huang, Mario Gaudino, Isaac George, Hiroo Takayama, Arnar Geirsson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance It remains unknown whether outcomes of the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves 3 (PARTNER 3) and Evolut Low Risk trials are comparable with surgical outcomes in nontrial settings, considering the added risk of concomitant cardiac operations. Objective To compare 30-day mortality and stroke incidences of patients in the surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) arm of low-risk trials with those of similar patients in the US Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database (STS ACSD). Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional sampling study was conducted of adults in the STS ACSD with severe aortic stenosis at low surgical risk for AVR who underwent SAVR during the years low-risk AVR trials (PARTNER 3 and Evolut Low Risk) were enrolling (calendar years 2016-2018). After trial exclusion criteria were applied, 1000 samples were created, each including 1000 patients selected from the STS ACSD according to the likelihood-based selection probabilities to achieve similar STS predicted risk of mortality (PROM) distribution to the trial participants. The distribution of 30-day mortality and stroke rates among these samples were compared with the results from the trials. The analysis was conducted between October 2, 2023, and May 27, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were 30-day postoperative mortality and stroke. Results Among 25 811 patients at low risk undergoing SAVR, the mean (SD) age was 71 (7) years, including 650 220 men (65%). The probability-based sampling yielded a trial-like sample with STS PROM (mean [SD], 1.9% [0.6%]) and concomitant coronary artery bypass graft surgery frequencies of 13%, comparable with the trials. Among the sampled cohorts, the mean (SD) 30-day mortality rate was 1.39% (0.38%) which was not significantly different from the mortality rate in PARTNER 3 (1.1%) ( P = .83) and Evolut Low Risk (1.3%) ( P = .65). The stroke rate was 1.25% (0.36%), significantly lower than PARTNER 3 (2.4%) ( P = .002) and Evolut Low Risk (3.4%) ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, the national samples of low-risk trial-like patients undergoing SAVR during the trial enrollment period had similar 30-day mortality but a lower incidence of stroke compared with the SAVR arm of both low-risk trials. These findings overall suggest that the low-risk trial findings may be generalizable to the broader national SAVR cohort.
Use of Clinical Trial Characteristics to Estimate Costs of New Drug Development
Authors: Andrew Mulcahy, Stephanie Rennane, Daniel Schwam, Reid Dickerson, Lawrence Baker, Kanaka Shetty
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Despite their importance to patients, health, and industry, the magnitude of investments in drug research and development (R&amp;amp;amp;D) remain nebulous. New policies require more granular and transparent R&amp;amp;amp;D cost estimates to better balance incentives for innovation and returns to developers. Objective To estimate per-drug R&amp;amp;amp;D costs using a novel, reproduceable approach and to describe firm-level R&amp;amp;amp;D costs per discrete unit of R&amp;amp;amp;D activity (1 patient-month). Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation used cross-sectional data to estimate 2014 to 2019 costs per patient-month. Costs per patient-month were calculated using data from 268 US publicly traded drug developers, contributing 1311 firm-year observations, that were highest ranked by assets or market capitalization, after exclusions. Per-drug costs were calculated from all R&amp;amp;amp;D activity through approval for a cohort of 38 new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2019. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to July 2024. Exposure R&amp;amp;amp;D activity, measured in terms of clinical trial patient-months. Main Outcomes and Measures This study used a 2-step approach to estimate R&amp;amp;amp;D costs, first allocating firm-year–level total R&amp;amp;amp;D spending across similarly aggregated patient-months, and then aggregating these incremental costs to estimate drug-level R&amp;amp;amp;D costs per new drug. Results Among 268 developers assessed, 20 large firms accounted for 80.8% of all patient-months and had 27.4% lower mean and 26.7% lower median costs per patient-month compared with other firms. Each 1% increase in patient-months was associated with a 0.9% increase in R&amp;amp;amp;D costs. R&amp;amp;amp;D costs per new drug were highly skewed, with a lower median (IQR), at $708 million ($247 million to $1.42 billion) than mean (SD), at $1.31 ($1.92) billion, after adjusting for the cost of capital and discontinued products. Without these adjustments, direct costs per new drug were a median (IQR) of $150 ($67.6-$453) million and a mean (SD) $369 of ($684) million. While estimated R&amp;amp;amp;D costs varied in sensitivity analyses, mean costs were always substantially greater than median costs. Conclusions and Relevance This economic evaluation found median per-drug R&amp;amp;amp;D costs toward the lower end of the range from prior studies, with a mean closer to the middle of the existing range despite the broad scope of included costs. These findings suggest parallel development across indications, adjustment for discontinued products, and a small number of expensive development programs are particularly important drivers of R&amp;amp;amp;D costs.
Estimated Incidence and Prevalence of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Northern Ireland, 2009 to 2020
Authors: Sinead Teresa Hawkins, Amisha Ashok, Jackie M. Kelly, Gerard Savage, Deirdre Fitzpatrick, Helen Mitchell, Ann McBrien, Damien Bennett
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cohort study examines the incidence and prevalence of metastatic breast cancer in Northern Ireland using population-based cancer registry data and health records.
DoxyPEP to Prevent Bacterial STIs—Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Jodie A. Dionne
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis and Sexually Transmitted Infection Trends
Authors: Madeline Sankaran, David V. Glidden, Robert P. Kohn, Trang Q. Nguyen, Oliver Bacon, Susan P. Buchbinder, Monica Gandhi, Diane V. Havlir, Courtney Liebi, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Janet Q. Nguyen, Jorge Roman, Hyman Scott, Thiago S. Torres, Stephanie E. Cohen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Increasing rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been associated with rises in serious morbidity. While doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP), a strategy in which individuals take doxycycline, 200 mg, after condomless sex to prevent bacterial STIs, has been shown to be efficacious in randomized clinical trials, doxyPEP’s potential effect on population-level STI incidence is unknown. Objective To assess the association of citywide doxyPEP guideline release with reported chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis cases in men who have sex with men (MSM) and in transgender women in San Francisco, California. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-level interrupted time series analysis of reported San Francisco STI cases measured monthly cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis prior to (July 2021-October 2022) and after (November 2022-November 2023) release of citywide doxyPEP guidelines in October 2022. All reported chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis cases among MSM and transgender women in San Francisco during the period of analysis were included. Data were analyzed November 2023 to July 2024. Exposure Release of doxyPEP citywide guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the percentage change between projected and observed chlamydia, gonorrhea, and early syphilis cases in the 13-month postexposure period. Results Citywide, there were 6694 cases of chlamydia, 9603 cases of gonorrhea, and 2121 cases of early syphilis among MSM and transgender women during the analytic period. STI cases among MSM and transgender women decreased significantly compared with model projections for chlamydia (−6.58% per month; 95% CI, −7.99% to −5.16%) and early syphilis (−2.68% per month; 95% CI, −3.75% to −1.60%) after doxyPEP implementation. By the end of the 13-month postperiod in November 2023, chlamydia and early syphilis cases decreased −49.64% (95% CI, −59.05% to −38.06%) and −51.39% (95% CI, −58.21% to −43.46%), respectively, compared with projected cases. There was a significant increase in monthly gonorrhea cases compared with projections (1.77% per month; 95% CI, 0.87% to 2.67%). Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that San Francisco’s doxyPEP guideline release was associated with decreases in reported cases of chlamydia and early syphilis, but not gonorrhea, among MSM and transgender women in San Francisco. Further analyses are needed to assess whether declines are sustained and monitor for adverse consequences, including antimicrobial resistance. Supporting doxyPEP implementation for MSM and transgender women at risk for STIs could have a significant impact on the nationwide STI epidemic.
Should Artificial Intelligence Provide Input in End-of-Life Decision-Making?
Authors: Calvin R. Gross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Should Artificial Intelligence Provide Input in End-of-Life Decision-Making?
Authors: Nicholas Pratt, Ricky Madhavan, Joseph Luchsinger
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

To the Editor We were startled by the Viewpoint by Brender et al.1 We appreciate that the authors identify and anticipate serious implications of such artificial intelligence (AI), particularly related to their discussion of "practical and normative considerations."1
Diuretic Potentiation Strategies in Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Tariq Jamal Siddiqi, Milton Packer, Justin A Ezekowitz, Gregg C Fonarow, Stephen J Greene, Michelle Kittleson, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Robert J Mentz, Jeffrey Testani, Adriaan A Voors, Javed Butler
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2025)
Association of Fatigue Subtype With Outcomes in Adults with Prevalent Heart Failure
Authors: Noelle V Pavlovic, Martha Abshire Saylor, Jeannie-Marie Leoutsakos, Cheryl R Himmelfarb, Christopher S Lee, Amil M Shah, Patricia P Chang, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, Kunihiro Matsushita, Chiadi E Ndumele
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2025)
Typical yellow urticaria with uncommon cause
Authors: Hong-Kai Gao, Lin Wang, Cheng Tan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

A 54-year-old man presented with an acute pruritic eruption lasting 5 h. Physical examination revealed scleral icterus and wheals with a yellowish hue. One week prior, the patient had started bismuth-based quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. Serum tests revealed bilirubin and aminotransferase levels increased. He was diagnosed with yellow urticaria associated with drug-induced hyperbilirubinaemia.
Evaluation of the Foot Function Index in Pachyonychia Congenita
Authors: Jaimie Oldham, Beth Stuart, Rebecca McCarthy, Janice Schwartz, Holly Evans, David Hansen, Edel A O’Toole
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Pachyonychia Congenita causes significant impact on the foot function index comparable to that seen rheumatoid arthritis. Some genotypes have greater impact than other. The foot function index will be a helpful tool for clinical research in the area.
Diabetes, Subclinical Myocardial Injury or Stress and Risk of Heart Failure Subtypes: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Arnaud D. Kaze, Alain G. Bertoni, Ervin R. Fox, Michael E. Hall, Robert J. Mentz, Jarett D. Berry, Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent to which the concomitant presence of subclinical myocardial injury or stress and diabetes affects the risk of heart failure (HF) subtypes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Jackson Heart Study included Black adults, categorized based on diabetes status, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Subclinical myocardial injury was defined as hs-cTnI ≥4 ng/L in women and ≥6 ng/L in men, and subclinical myocardial stress as BNP ≥35 pg/mL. The study outcomes included incident HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). RESULTS Among 3,484 participants (mean age 54.6 years, 63.2% women, 22.3% with diabetes, 26.4% with subclinical myocardial injury, 9.4% with subclinical myocardial stress), 306 developed HF (151 HFpEF and 139 HFrEF) over 12 years. Compared with individuals with no diabetes and no subclinical myocardial injury at recruitment, participants with diabetes and subclinical myocardial injury had a higher HF risk (hazard ratio [HR] 3.84, 95% CI 2.60–5.66), HFpEF (HR 3.68, 95% CI 2.13–6.36), and HFrEF (HR 4.26, 95% CI 2.40–7.53). The HRs associated with the presence of diabetes and subclinical myocardial stress versus their joint absence were 4.03 (95% CI 2.50–6.51), 5.71 (95% CI 3.11–10.47), and 2.13 (95% CI 0.88–5.17) for HF, HFpEF, and HFrEF, respectively. There was no significant diabetes status and cardiac biomarkers interaction. CONCLUSIONS Both diabetes and subclinical myocardial damage significantly increase the risk of all HF types among Black individuals.