tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Innovation to prevent dependency in old age
Authors: D. Metz
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The Royal Commission on Long Term Care1 has been criticised for missing the opportunity for creative thinking about what older people in the future will really want.2 The commission also missed an opportunity to flag up the full potential for reducing the cost of long term care through innovation that will prevent dependency.

The royal commission estimated that expenditure on long term care services would increase (at constant prices) from £11bn ($17.6bn) in 1995 to £20bn in 2020 and to £45bn in 2050, reflecting principally the growth in numbers of older people. These cost projections are sensitive to assumptions about the unit costs of care, the numbers of older people, the availability of informal care, and the health of older people. The base case assumes no change in age specific disability rates over time. However, if disability fell by 1% per year the costs would be reduced to £28bn in 2050, all else being equal.3 So there is a big pay off —for individuals, their families, and society—if we could reduce the scale of disability in old age through research led innovation.

Until recently research on age associated conditions has been a …
A reasonable methodology to estimate the relationship between workload and human resources demand in a cancer unit
Authors: G. Fasola, M. Aita, A. Bin, A. Follador, M. Mansutti, N. Pella, F. Puglisi, C. Sacco, G. Troiero, G. Aprile
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e17555 Background: Costs of cancer care account for a growing proportion of European health care spending. Despite the rising price of new cancer drugs draws the attention of medical oncologists and decision makers, personnel spending takes the largest share of health care costs. Nonetheless, few data exist about the relationship between workload and human resources demand in a cancer unit. Here we describe an empirical model to determine staffing requirements according to the annual number of patients. Methods: The Department of Oncology at the University Hospital of Udine, Italy, is a computerized Unit within the regional cancer network taking care of about 1,500 pts/year. Each clinical episode is recorded on a centralized database. Standard time limits are set for different types of consultation. We queried the database to obtain the total number of consultations for every pt taken charge of by the Unit during 2006. Considering both the time scheduled for each type of visit and the number of yearly working hours per employee, we could reach a reasonable estimate of the annual physician and nurse hours per pt and of the number of needed personnel. Results: In 2006, each case generated an average of 16 clinical evaluations, with small differences among breast, lung and colorectal cancer. Corresponding physician- and nurse-time per pt was of 8 and 16 hours, respectively. For the first year - in Units with a mean number of 1,500 pts/year - this translates into a global amount of about 12,000 physician- and 24,000 nurse-hours and a needed number of 7 physicians and 13 nurses, respectively. In the second year, the same cases induced a mean of 4.5 consultations; using a similar approach, the demand for additional time and resources could be estimated as well. Conclusions: A preliminary assessment of the time required for different types of consultation, together with a centralized recording of each clinical episode, allows a reasoned estimate of needed time and personnel resources, thus providing a simple tool to determine the total staff expenditure of a cancer unit. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Foxp3-positive macrophages display immunosuppressive properties and promote tumor growth
Authors: Soraya Zorro Manrique, Maria Adelaida Duque Correa, Dominique B. Hoelzinger, Ana Lucia Dominguez, Noweeda Mirza, Hsi-Hsien Lin, Joan Stein-Streilein, Siamon Gordon, Joseph Lustgarten
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)

Regulatory T cells (T reg cells) are characterized by the expression of the forkhead lineage-specific transcription factor Foxp3, and their main function is to suppress T cells. While evaluating T reg cells, we identified a population of Foxp3-positive cells that were CD11b+F4/80+CD68+, indicating macrophage origin. These cells were observed in spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, liver, and other tissues of naive animals. To characterize this subpopulation of macrophages, we devised a strategy to purify CD11b+F4/80+Foxp3+ macrophages using Foxp3-GFP mice. Analysis of CD11b+F4/80+Foxp3+ macrophage function indicated that these cells inhibited the proliferation of T cells, whereas Foxp3− macrophages did not. Suppression of T cell proliferation was mediated through soluble factors. Foxp3− macrophages acquired Foxp3 expression after activation, which conferred inhibitory properties that were indistinguishable from natural Foxp3+ macrophages. The cytokine and transcriptional profiles of Foxp3+ macrophages were distinct from those of Foxp3− macrophages, indicating that these cells have different biological functions. Functional in vivo analyses indicated that CD11b+F4/80+Foxp3+ macrophages are important in tumor promotion and the induction of T reg cell conversion. For the first time, these studies demonstrate the existence of a distinct subpopulation of naturally occurring macrophage regulatory cells in which expression of Foxp3 correlates with suppressive function.
Abstract 11063: Impaired Coronary Artery Distensibility is an Endothelium-Dependent Process, and Associated with Vulnerable Plaque Composition
Authors: Naser Ahmadi, Juan Ruiz Garcia, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, Amir Lerman, Ramin Ebrahimi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Coronary endothelial-dependent microvascular dysfunction is an early reversible stage of coronary artery disease(CAD), associated with poor clinical outcome. The current study investiga...
Cell shape dependent regulation of nuclear morphology
Authors: Bo Chen, Carlos Co, Chia-Chi Ho
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Recent studies suggest that actin filaments are essential in how a cell controls its nuclear shape. However, little is known about the relative importance of membrane tension in determining nuclear morphology. In this study, we used adhesive micropatterned substrates to alter the cellular geometry (aspect ratio, size, and shape) that allowed direct membrane tension or without membrane lateral contact with the nucleus and investigate nuclear shape remodeling and orientation on a series of rectangular shapes. Here we showed that at low cell aspect ratios the orientation of the nucleus was regulated by actin filaments while cells with high aspect ratios can maintain nuclear shape and orientation even when actin polymerization was blocked. A model adenocarcinoma cell showed similar behavior in the regulation of nuclear shape in response to changes in cell shape but actin filaments were essential in maintaining cell shape. Our results highlight the two distinct mechanisms to regulate nuclear shape through cell shape control and the difference between fibroblasts and a model cancerous cell in cell adhesion and cell shape control.
Abstract P56: Gasping During Cardiac Arrest in Humans is Frequent, Associated with Improved Survival, and Needs Re-emphasis
Authors: Bentley J Bobrow, Mathias Zuercher, Gordon A Ewy, Lani L Clark, Vatsal Chikani, Dan Donahue, Arthur B Sanders, Ronald W Hilwig, Robert A Berg, Karl B Kern
Journal: Circulation (2008)
What’s the need?
Authors: Mohammad M Rahman
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The study reported by Moet et al found benefit at two years after rifampicin, but did not find any significant difference between rifampicin chemoprophylaxis and placebo treatment in the third and fourth years after rifampicin treatment.1 Mycobacterium leprae multiplies very slowly, and the incubation period of leprosy is about five years but can be up to 20 years (www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/index.html). Whether …
Combination Therapy with Carvedilol and Nicardipine in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Toshikazu Takabatake, Hiromichi Ohta, Yoshiharu Yamamoto, Yohichi Ishida, Hiromoto Hara, Yasuyuki Ushiogi, Saburoh Nakamura, Masahiko Kawabata, Naoteru Hashimoto, Tohru Sasaki, Shigehiko Satoh, Yuhji Yamada, Katsuroh Ohta, Takuyuki Ise, Nobu Hattori
Journal: Drugs (1988)
Abstract 558: Association of Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes Mellitus with 5-Year Outcomes after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kazuoki Dai, Masaharu Ishihara, Ichiro Inoue, Takuji Kawagoe, Yuji Shimatani, Satoshi Kurisu, Yasuharu Nakama, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Eisuke Kagawa, Junichi Matsushita, Hiroki Ikenaga
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Several studies have shown that both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was undertaken to investigate influence of CKD on the prognostic significance of diabetes in patients with AMI. Between January 1996 and December 2005, 888 patients with AMI underwent coronary angiography within 24 hours after the onset of chest pain. CKD was difined estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60.0 ml/minute/1.73 m 2 of body-surface area (stage3–5). Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare 5-year survival of diabetic and non-diabetic patients, in the presence (n=337) or absence (n=551). Kaplan-Meier curves for 5-year survival rate are shown in Figure . In the absence of CKD, there was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate between patients with diabetes and those without (93 % v.s. 94 %, p=0.82). In patients with CKD, however, diabetes was associated with lower 5-year survival rate (65 % v.s. 87 %, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes was an independent predictor for 5-year survival in patients with CKD (OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.8–5.8, p=0.0002), but not in patients without CKD (OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.4–2.5, p=0.82). Diabetes mellitus was an independent predictor for death after AMI in patients with CKD. Aggressive treatment after AMI should be advocated in diabetic patients with CKD.
Effects of exogenous recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim, rhG-CSF) on neutrophils of critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome depend on endogenous G-CSF plasma concentrations on admission
Authors: Manfred Weiss, Sami Voglic, Britt Harms-Schirra, Ingrid Lorenz, Britta Lasch, Kristoffel Dumon, Wilhelm Gross-Weege, Elisabeth Marion Schneider
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2003)
Molecular diagnostics identifies risks for graft dysfunction despite borderline histologic changes
Authors: Petra Hrubá, Irena Brabcová, Faikah Gueler, Zdeněk Krejčík, Viktor Stránecký, Eva Svobodová, Jana Malušková, Wilfried Gwinner, Eva Honsová, Alena Lodererová, Rainer Oberbauer, Roman Zachoval, Ondřej Viklický
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Abstract #LB-249: Modulation of gene hypermethylation in colorectal cancer cells by anthocyanins from black raspberries
Authors: Claire Seguin, Bethany Larue, Yi-Wen Huang, Claudio Rocha, Tim Huang, Gary Stoner, Li-Shu Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters is a distinguishing characteristic of cancer genomes and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many tumor types including colorectal cancer. Our laboratory has shown that anthocyanins are among the most effective cancer preventive compounds in black raspberries (BRBs). In the present study, we determined whether BRB anthocyanins render positive effects on aberrant methylation of genes in human colorectal cancer cells. The colorectal cancer cell line, HCT116, was treated every 24 hours for three days with a 5 \#956;g/ml anthocyanin-rich fraction of BRBs. The methylation status of 24 cancer-related genes in anthocyanin-treated and untreated cells was investigated using restriction enzyme digestion combined with quantitative PCR and methylation specific PCR. Notable genes that exhibited decreased methylation with anthocyanin treatment include PTEN , p16 , TNFRSF10c , and HIC1 . This study has recently been extended to examine the effect of anthocyanin-containing BRB powder on the methylation status of genes in colorectal tumor specimens taken from patients who were treated for 2-4 weeks with 60g/day of BRB powder administered orally in water. The results of these investigations will be presented. This is the first study of the effects of anthocyanins on hypermethylation of cancer-associated genes. Our results suggest a possible mechanism for the preventive abilities of anthocyanins in diets with attainable doses and reasonable treatment periods. The ability of anthocyanins to induce promoter demethylation in colon cancer cells is encouraging considering the high availability of these compounds in the human diet. Supported by NCI grant CA103180 and USDA grant 38903-03560 .

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr LB-249.
Estrogen receptor 1 mRNA expression as a strong prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant setting
Authors: C. Zamagni, R. M. Wirtz, B. Sinn, P. De Iaco, S. Darb-Esfahani, M. Rosati, M. Dietel, F. Massari, A. A. Martoni, C. Denkert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16547 Background: Despite good response to chemotherapy (CHT) the prognosis of advanced EOC is poor. Molecular classification of tumors, comparison of tumor profiles related to treatment response and analysis of target molecules will guide future therapies. The molecular analysis of tumor samples may enable to identify predictive/prognostic markers. Methods: In order to identify such markers, gene-expression profiles generated from total RNA using the Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide microarray containing over 22,000 probe sets were obtained. Specimens were collected at diagnosis and after 6 cycles of primary CHT in EOC pts diagnosed by laparoscopy and not suitable for optimal surgery (Arianna Project S.Orsola-Malpighi). The 2nd step was to transfer the marker into routine by analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. The 3rd step was marker verification by studying the expression analysis in FFPE samples obtained in a independent cohort of EOC pts treated with adjuvant CHT at Charité Hospital. Results: In 45 pts enrolled in the Arianna Project the initial comparative analysis focused on proliferative/invasive tumor activity, and on hormone receptors expression. Interestingly, pretreatment ESR1 gene expression levels in fresh tissue correlated with PFS: mean ESR1 expression in pts free from progression was 4576 (± 851 SEM) vs 1934 (± 333 SEM) in pts who had progressed (p = .0013) with median PFS 10.3 vs 4.8 mo.s. The fresh tissue measurements were successfully transferred in FFPE tissues by kPCR technology. The strong prognostic value of ESR1 expression was verified in 116 EOC pts with a median follow up of 35 mo.s. Median OS was longer in pts with higher ESR1 expression (46 mo.s vs not reached; HR 3.9; p .0003). On the other hand, there was no difference in OS when ER expression was assessed by IHC. ESR1 expression remained highly significant (p .003) after multivariate analysis including grade as the strongest covariate (p .005). Conclusions: High ESR1 expression correlates with a significantly better survival in EOC pts in neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting and it could be an important independent prognostic factor. A prospective randomized study is planned in order to verify our results. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Siemens
Persistence of urinary marijuana levels after supervised abstinence
Authors: C A Dackis, A L Pottash, W Annitto, M S Gold
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1982)

The authors present a case report of the presence of urinary cannabinoids during 21 days of supervised abstinence from chronic marijuana use and provide data on 6 similar cases. They discuss the theoretical implications of the persistence of cannabinoids.
Abstract 11662: Obesity Does Not Increase Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Medical Patients Upon Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Gabriel V Fontaine, Emily Vigil, Paul Wohlt, David Collingridge, James F Lloyd, Scott C Woller
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Obesity increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized medical patients. Standard chemoprophylaxis in these patients may be suboptimal, potentially leading to increased VTE. The objective of this study was to compare the rate of VTE in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≤30 kg/m 2 ) medical patients receiving standard VTE prophylaxis with rates in non-obese patients (BMI 17-29.9 kg/m 2 ). Hypothesis: Obese patients will suffer from a higher incidence of VTE within 90 days of hospitalization. Methods: In a single-center retrospective cohort study, patients admitted to all medical units between November 2007 and November 2013 were evaluated for eligibility if they received an initial dose of VTE prophylaxis within 48 hours of admission. Appropriate prophylaxis was heparin 5000 units subcutaneously (SQ) every 8 to 12 hours or enoxaparin 30 mg SQ twice daily or 40 mg SQ once daily. Exclusion criteria included hypercoagulable states, therapeutic anticoagulation, and admission for trauma or surgery. The primary outcome was 90 day VTE defined as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism using ICD-9 codes. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital VTE, 30 day VTE, and 90 day mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used in calculating p-values and odds ratios (OR) for the primary outcome. Results: There were 17,525 patients eligible for inclusion. The final cohort included 4,237 obese patients and 4,990 non-obese patients (median BMI 36 and 25 kg/m 2 , respectively). Obesity increased the risk of in-hospital VTE (5.6% vs. 4.4%; p=0.01), 30 day VTE (5.7% vs. 4.6%; p=0.013), and 90 day VTE (5.9% vs. 4.8%; p=0.028) on univariate analysis. However, using multiple logistic regression, obesity was not an independent predictor of 90 day VTE (OR 1.0; p=0.83). Variables which independently increased 90 day VTE were Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.09; p=0.003), prior VTE (OR 36.35; p&lt;0.001), congestive heart failure (OR 1.33; p=0.017), and surgery in 90 days following admission (OR 1.56; p=0.004). Mortality was lower at 90 days in obese patients (3.3% vs. 6.3% non-obese; p&lt;0.001) Conclusions: The incidence of VTE at 90 days in hospitalized medical patients is significant, but it is uncertain if obesity independently contributes to this.
Increasing frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: A L Stoll, M Tohen, R J Baldessarini
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

This study attempted to document a hypothesized increase in the frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder at a large psychiatric teaching hospital and to investigate correlates of this trend.The annual rates of psychiatric discharge diagnoses at the hospital from 1969 to 1990 were reviewed, and the frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder was compared with that of paranoid disorders. Correlations were also done on these diagnostic rates and the rates of reports in the literature in the same years on each of these types of disorders and their treatment.The frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but not paranoid disorders, increased markedly during the 1980s. This increase was associated strongly and selectively with increases in publications about that disorder, particularly reports on drug and behavior therapy.There has been a large recent increase in the rate of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, evidently associated with advances in the study and treatment of the disorder. The observations suggest the influence of a treatment-oriented diagnostic bias in which clinicians may more readily consider and diagnose a condition for which an innovative or effective treatment is available.
Relationship of monocyte-derived macrophage phagocytosis to exacerbation susceptibility in stable COPD
Authors: Richa Singh, Kylie Belchamber, Alexander Mackay, Beverly Kowlessar, James Allinson, Simon Brill, Gavin Donaldson, Peter Barnes, Jadwiga Wedzicha, Louise Donnelly
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Defective macrophage phagocytosis has been demonstrated in both alveolar and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from COPD patients, contributing to the persistence of airway bacteria. We hypothesised that MDM phagocytic capacity may relate to exacerbation susceptibility and would remain stable over time.  MDMs were cultured from whole blood collected from 70 stable COPD patients, and subsequently repeated in 30 patients. Phagocytosis of three prey; fluorescently-labelled inert beads, or heat-killed  Haemophilus influenzae  (HI) &  Streptococcus pneumoniae  (SP) was measured.  The mean age was 72.1 years (SD9.2), FEV 1  predicted 55.4% (17.9) and 33% current smokers. Phagocytosis of HI, but not SP or beads, was significantly less with increasing exacerbation frequency (p 1  %predicted, smoking history or ICS use (all p>0.05). In the 30 patients with repeated MDMs after a median time of 9 (6-13) months, there was no significant change in phagocytic capacity of any prey (p>0.05, Figure 1B).  Defective phagocytosis of HI, but not SP or beads, is associated with higher exacerbation frequency in stable COPD, although the phagocytic capacity of any prey remained stable over time. Further work is needed to determine whether improvement in phagocytic capacity can reduce future risk of exacerbations.
Abstract 13579: Evidence that Changes in Both Global Diet Quality and in Physical Activity Level Synergistically Reduce Visceral Adiposity in Men With the Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Julie-Anne Nazare, Anne-Laure Borel, Jessica D Smith, Isabelle Lemieux, Natalie Almeras, Jean Bergeron, Angelo Tremblay, Paul Poirier, Jean-Pierre Despres
Journal: Circulation (2011)

SYNERGIE was a healthy eating/physical activity-exercise program designed for the clinical management of men with features of the metabolic syndrome (MS). In the present study, we aimed to identify...
Neonatal adiposity increases the risk of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life
Authors: Sinéad M. O'Donovan, Jonathan O'B. Hourihane, Deirdre M. Murray, Louise C. Kenny, Ali S. Khashan, Carol ní Chaoimh, Alan D. Irvine, Mairead Kiely
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Abstract 8420: Critical Role of CIKS/Act1 In Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction in vivo And Cardiomyocyte Contractility in vitro
Authors: Anthony J Valente, Sumanth D Prabhu, Ulrich Siebenlist, Bysani Chandrasekar
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The innate immune system and inflammatory cytokines are critical in the initiation and perpetuation of tissue injury. Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 recognizes bacterial LPS, and is currently known to s...
Clinical Evaluation of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: H COHEN
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A total of 18 peritoneal dialyses were performed on 14 patients at the Hamilton Civic Hospital over a period of 11 months. Nine of these patients were in uremia, four had non-nephrotoxic intoxication, and one had hepatic coma. Patients with chronic uremia may present with acute renal failure which may be treated by peritoneal dialysis with resultant significant prolongation of life. A decreased mortality rate might be expected in acute renal failure if dialysis is implemented before the classical picture of uremia develops. Many non-nephrotoxic intoxicating substances are readily dialysable. Considerable benefit to the patient and decreased time in hospital may result from the use of this procedure in cases of intoxication with such substances. Peritoneal dialysis may be of value in treatment of intractable congestive heart failure. This procedure may eventually provide another means of treating hepatic coma.