tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CD8<sup>+</sup>tissue-resident memory T cells are expanded in primary Sjögren’s disease and can be therapeutically targeted by CD103 blockade
Authors: Daniele Mauro, Xiang Lin, Elena Pontarini, Pascale Wehr, Giuliana Guggino, Yuan Tang, Chong Deng, Saviana Gandolfo, Fan Xiao, Ke Rui, Enyu Huang, Jie Tian, Stefania Raimondo, Maureen Rischmueller, Jane Boroky, Sarah Downie-Doyle, Hendrik Nel, Adriana Baz-Morelli, Arthur Hsu, Eugene Maraskovsky, Adele Barr, Patrice Hemon, Loukas Chatzis, Ciro Emiliano Boschetti, Giuseppe Colella, Riccardo Alessandro, Aroldo Rizzo, Jacques-Olivier Pers, Michele Bombardieri, Ranjeny Thomas, Liwei Lu, Francesco Ciccia
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Tissue-resident memory cells (Trm) are a subset of T cells residing persistently and long-term within specific tissues that contribute to persistent inflammation and tissue damage. We characterised the phenotype and function of Trm and the role of CD103 in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).
BCMA-CD19 compound CAR T cells for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase 1 open-label clinical trial
Authors: Weijia Wang, Shanzhi He, Wenli Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Vincent M DeStefano, Masayuki Wada, Kevin Pinz, Greg Deener, Darshi Shah, Nabil Hagag, Min Wang, Ming Hong, Ronghao Zeng, Ting Lan, Yu Ma, Fugui Li, Yingwen Liang, Zhencong Guo, Chanjuan Zou, Mingxia Wang, Ling Ding, Yupo Ma, Yong Yuan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of BCMA-CD19 compound chimeric antigen receptor T cells (cCAR) to dual reset the humoral and B cell immune system in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with lupus nephritis (LN).
Management of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic literature review informing the 2023 update of the EULAR recommendations
Authors: Myrto Kostopoulou, Chetan B Mukhtyar, George Bertsias, Dimitrios T Boumpas, Antonis Fanouriakis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

To analyse the new evidence (2018-2022) for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to inform the 2023 update of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations.
Efficacy and safety of targeted therapies in VEXAS syndrome: retrospective study from the FRENVEX
Authors: Jerome Hadjadj, Yann Nguyen, Dalila Mouloudj, Rim Bourguiba, Mael Heiblig, Hassina Aloui, Chloe McAvoy, Valentin Lacombe, Samuel Ardois, Corrado Campochiaro, Alexandre Maria, Cyrille Coustal, Thibault Comont, Estibaliz Lazaro, Francois Lifermann, Guillaume Le Guenno, Hervé Lobbes, Vincent Grobost, Roderau Outh, Julien Campagne, Anais Dor-Etienne, Alice Garnier, Yvan Jamilloux, Antoine Dossier, Maxime Samson, Sylvain Audia, Barbara Nicolas, Alexis Mathian, Baptiste de Maleprade, Benjamin De Sainte-Marie, Benoit Faucher, Jean-David Bouaziz, Jonathan Broner, Cyril Dumain, Carole Antoine, Benjamin Carpentier, Brice Castel, Celine Lartigau-Roussin, Etienne Crickx, Geoffroy Volle, Damien Fayard, Paul Decker, Thomas Moulinet, Anael Dumont, Alexandre Nguyen, Achille Aouba, Jean-Philippe Martellosio, Matthieu Levavasseur, Sebastien Puigrenier, Pascale Antoine, Jean-Thomas Giraud, Olivier Hermine, Carole Lacout, Nihal Martis, Jean-Denis Karam, Francois Chasset, Laurent Arnaud, Paola Marianetti, Christophe Deligny, Thibaud Chazal, Pascal Woaye-Hune, Murielle Roux-Sauvat, Aurore Meyer, Pierre Sujobert, Pierre Hirsch, Noemie Abisror, Pierre Fenaux, Olivier Kosmider, Vincent Jachiet, Olivier Fain, Benjamin Terrier, Arsène Mekinian, Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory and somatic (VEXAS) syndrome is an adult-onset autoinflammatory disease associated with somatic ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 (UBA1) mutations. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of targeted therapies.
Cathepsins prime hepatitis E virus for cell entry
Authors: Zongdi Feng
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital 2Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine [Please note that ref 3 needs an update.] Correspondence Zongdi Feng, Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute, at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America, Pediatrics. Email: [email protected]
Combining antivascular endothelial growth factor and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies: randomized phase II study of irinotecan and cetuximab with/without ramucirumab in second-line colorectal cancer (ECOG-ACRIN E7208)
Authors: Howard S Hochster, Paul Catalano, Michelle Weitz, Edith P Mitchell, Deirdre Cohen, Peter J O’Dwyer, Bryan A Faller, Jeremy S Kortmansky, Mark H O’Hara, Sheetal M Kricher, Jill Lacy, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Udit Verma, Al B Benson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract Background Early studies showed promise of combined anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plus anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibodies for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), yet this was later rejected as toxic and ineffective in studies not selected for RAS status. We studied advanced KRAS wild-type CRC, as second-line treatment, using irinotecan-cetuximab with or without the anti-VEGF receptor antibody ramucirumab. Methods Patients with 1 prior regimen including fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab, with KRAS wild-type tumors were stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score, time since last chemotherapy, and progression on oxaliplatin to irinotecan-cetuximab (IC) (180 mg/m2 and 500 mg/m2 every 2 weeks) vs modified ICR (irinotecan-cetuximab with ramucirumab 150 mg/m2 and 400 mg/m2 plus 6 mg/kg, respectively). A total of 102 patients were compared for progression-free survival (PFS) as primary endpoint (85% power for 70% improvement in median PFS from 4.5 to 7.65 months). Results Of the 102 enrolled, 44 treated with irinotecan-cetuximab and 45 with modified ramucirumab were evaluable. Median PFS was 6.0 months vs 9.2 months, respectively (hazard ratio = 0.75, P = .07; statistically significant by study design for P &amp;lt; .128). Response rate was 23% vs 36% (P = .27), and disease-control rate was 52% vs 73% (P = .05). Grade 3 or higher toxicity was equivalent. Overall survival was not significantly different at approximately 19 months. Conclusion Previous phase 3 trials without RAS genotyping rejected combining anti-epidermal growth factor receptor and anti-VEGF drugs. In this randomized multicenter phase 2 study for KRAS wild-type CRC (all previously bevacizumab treated), the addition of ramucirumab to irinotecan and cetuximab improved PFS and disease control rate, showing the combination is feasible and effective. Further, phase 3 trials with appropriate patient-selection are required. (NCT01079780)
Linking Basement Membrane and Slit Diaphragm in Drosophila Nephrocytes
Authors: Claire Leroy, Konrad Lang, Dominik Spitz, Julian Milosavljevic, Helena Heinkele, Séverine Kayser, Martin Helmstädter, Gerd Walz, Maximilian H. Ulbrich, Tobias Hermle
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Drosophila nephrocytes feature a special basement membrane that may serve to model joint function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Silencing of Drosophila laminin and collagen IV genes reduced the density of slit diaphragms in nephrocytes, showing a direct effect of the matrix. Matrix receptor silencing phenocopied basement membrane disruption, indicating that the matrix guides slit diaphragm position through matrix receptors. Background The glomerular basement membrane and the slit diaphragm are essential parts of the filtration barrier. How these layers collaborate remains unclear. The podocyte-like nephrocytes in Drosophila harbor both a slit diaphragm and a basement membrane, serving as a model to address this critical question. Methods Basement membrane components and matrix receptors were silenced using RNA interference in nephrocytes. Slit diaphragms were analyzed using immunofluorescence, followed by automated quantification. Tracer endocytosis was applied for functional readouts. Results Immunofluorescence indicated a significant reduction in slit diaphragm density upon loss of laminin and collagen IV components. This was accompanied by reduced expression of fly nephrin and shallower membrane invaginations. Tracer studies revealed that the basement membrane defines properties of the nephrocyte filtration barrier. Acute enzymatic disruption of the basement membrane via collagenase rapidly caused slit diaphragm mislocalization and disintegration, which was independent of cell death. Loss of matrix-interacting receptors, particularly integrins mys and mew , phenocopied basement membrane disruption. Integrins and nephrin colocalized at the slit diaphragm in nephrocytes in a mutually dependent manner, interacting genetically. Human integrin α 3 interacted physically with nephrin. Conclusions The glomerular basement membrane model in Drosophila nephrocytes reveals that matrix receptor–mediated cues ensure correct positioning of the slit diaphragm and the overall filtration barrier architecture.
Between Pathological Prostate Cancer Lymph Nodes and Sentinel Nodes
Authors: Agnès Morel, Thierry Rousseau, Ludovic Ferrer, Jacques Lacoste, Pierre Nevoux, Elise Picot-Dilly, Maelle Le Thiec, Daniela Rusu, Loic Campion, Caroline Rousseau
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

On the basis of the concept of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), SLNs should contain decisive information for clinical outcomes. In localized prostate cancer patients, this study assessed retrospectively clinical outcome after radical laparoscopic prostatectomy associated with SLNB and extensive pelvic lymph node dissection.
Diffuse Intense 18F-PSMA-1007 Uptake of the Breasts in a Woman With TFE3-Rearranged Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Qian Zhao, Aisheng Dong, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 23-year-old woman presenting with gross hematuria was found to have a left renal mass suspicious for renal cell carcinoma on abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. An 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT scan was performed for evaluating the renal mass. 18 F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT showed focal activity of the renal mass, which was a transcription factor E3-rearranged renal cell carcinoma proved after nephrectomy. Surprisingly, diffuse heterogeneous intense activity of the bilateral breasts and moderate activity of the right accessory breast was observed. There was no morphological abnormality of the bilateral breasts and right accessory breast on CT images, indicating physiological PSMA uptake.
Helicases DDX5 and DDX17 promote heterogeneity in HBV transcription termination in infected human hepatocytes
Authors: Fleur Chapus, Guillaume Giraud, Pélagie Huchon, Mélanie Rodà, Xavier Grand, Caroline Charre, Chloé Goldsmith, Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Maria-Guadalupe Martinez, Judith Fresquet, Audrey Diederichs, Maëlle Locatelli, Hélène Polvèche, Caroline Scholtès, Isabelle Chemin, Hector Hernandez Vargas, Michel Rivoire, Cyril F. Bourgeois, Fabien Zoulim, Barbara Testoni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)

Transcription termination fine-tunes gene expression and contributes to the specification of RNA function in eukaryotic cells. Transcription termination of HBV is subject to the recognition of the canonical polyadenylation signal (cPAS) common to all viral transcripts. However, the regulation of this cPAS and its impact on viral gene expression and replication is currently unknown.
Transmission of Mental Disorders in Adolescent Peer Networks
Authors: Jussi Alho, Mai Gutvilig, Ripsa Niemi, Kaisla Komulainen, Petri Böckerman, Roger T. Webb, Marko Elovainio, Christian Hakulinen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Previous research indicates that mental disorders may be transmitted from one individual to another within social networks. However, there is a lack of population-based epidemiologic evidence that pertains to the full range of mental disorders.
A Good Prognosis
Authors: Joan Baranow
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transcatheter or Surgical Replacement for Failed Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves
Authors: Jessica H. Tran, Shinobu Itagaki, Qi Zeng, Martin B. Leon, Patrick T. O’Gara, Michael J. Mack, A. Marc Gillinov, Ismail El-Hamamsy, Gilbert H. L. Tang, Takahisa Mikami, Emilia Bagiella, Alan J. Moskowitz, David H. Adams, Annetine C. Gelijns, Michael A. Borger, Natalia N. Egorova
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

The use of valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been rapidly expanding as an alternative treatment to redo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for failed bioprosthetic valves despite limited long-term data.
Assessing the Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials With Large Language Models
Authors: Honghao Lai, Long Ge, Mingyao Sun, Bei Pan, Jiajie Huang, Liangying Hou, Qiuyu Yang, Jiayi Liu, Jianing Liu, Ziying Ye, Danni Xia, Weilong Zhao, Xiaoman Wang, Ming Liu, Jhalok Ronjan Talukdar, Jinhui Tian, Kehu Yang, Janne Estill
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Large language models (LLMs) may facilitate the labor-intensive process of systematic reviews. However, the exact methods and reliability remain uncertain. Objective To explore the feasibility and reliability of using LLMs to assess risk of bias (ROB) in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Design, Setting, and Participants A survey study was conducted between August 10, 2023, and October 30, 2023. Thirty RCTs were selected from published systematic reviews. Main Outcomes and Measures A structured prompt was developed to guide ChatGPT (LLM 1) and Claude (LLM 2) in assessing the ROB in these RCTs using a modified version of the Cochrane ROB tool developed by the CLARITY group at McMaster University. Each RCT was assessed twice by both models, and the results were documented. The results were compared with an assessment by 3 experts, which was considered a criterion standard. Correct assessment rates, sensitivity, specificity, and F1 scores were calculated to reflect accuracy, both overall and for each domain of the Cochrane ROB tool; consistent assessment rates and Cohen κ were calculated to gauge consistency; and assessment time was calculated to measure efficiency. Performance between the 2 models was compared using risk differences. Results Both models demonstrated high correct assessment rates. LLM 1 reached a mean correct assessment rate of 84.5% (95% CI, 81.5%-87.3%), and LLM 2 reached a significantly higher rate of 89.5% (95% CI, 87.0%-91.8%). The risk difference between the 2 models was 0.05 (95% CI, 0.01-0.09). In most domains, domain-specific correct rates were around 80% to 90%; however, sensitivity below 0.80 was observed in domains 1 (random sequence generation), 2 (allocation concealment), and 6 (other concerns). Domains 4 (missing outcome data), 5 (selective outcome reporting), and 6 had F1 scores below 0.50. The consistent rates between the 2 assessments were 84.0% for LLM 1 and 87.3% for LLM 2. LLM 1’s κ exceeded 0.80 in 7 and LLM 2’s in 8 domains. The mean (SD) time needed for assessment was 77 (16) seconds for LLM 1 and 53 (12) seconds for LLM 2. Conclusions In this survey study of applying LLMs for ROB assessment, LLM 1 and LLM 2 demonstrated substantial accuracy and consistency in evaluating RCTs, suggesting their potential as supportive tools in systematic review processes.
Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid Across Various Indications for Use
Authors: Nicole E. Smolinski, Amir Sarayani, Thuy N. Thai, Sebastian Jugl, Celeste L. Y. Ewig, Almut G. Winterstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Teratogenic outcomes associated with valproic acid use represent a substantial concern for persons of childbearing age. Regulatory agencies worldwide have enhanced warnings or implemented risk minimization programs to reduce exposure during pregnancy. Objectives To determine pregnancy rates during valproic acid use and concomitant contraception use across indications. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data from the Merative MarketScan commercial claims databases from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2020, to identify female patients aged 12 to 44 years who initiated valproic acid treatment and had continuous insurance enrollment 6 months before initiation and 9 months after treatment end. A treatment episode included consecutive prescription fills that occurred within 7 days from the end of the days’ supply of the previous dispensing. Data were analyzed from March 1 to September 10, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Treatment episodes were categorized by inferred indication using diagnoses preceding treatment initiation, including epilepsy, migraine or headache, mood disorders, and unknown or off-label uses. Pregnancy incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated and were adjusted for age and calendar year. Contraceptive use (prescription contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and implants) during treatment was examined. Results The cohort included 165 772 valproic acid treatment episodes among 69 390 women (mean [SD] age, 29.8 [10.0] years). Mood disorders (42.5%) were the most common indication, followed by migraine or headache (20.1%), with epilepsy playing a minor role (14.9%). Pregnancy incidence rates during valproic acid use remained unchanged, with a rate of 1.74 (95% CI, 1.14-2.53) per 100 person-years in 2005 and a rate of 1.90 (95% CI, 1.16-3.12) per 100 person-years in 2019. Compared with epilepsy, pregnancy rates were more than double for mood disorder (IRR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.93-2.42]) and migraine or headache (IRR, 2.01 [95% CI, 1.92-2.09]). Few treatment episodes coincided with contraceptive use (37 012 [22.3%]), and oral dosage forms were the most common (27 069 [73.1%]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients of childbearing age who used valproic acid, pregnancy rates during valproic acid use did not decrease despite enhanced US Food and Drug Administration safety communications, and contraception use remained low. Patients with migraine and mood disorders accounted for the largest proportion of valproic acid use and had the highest pregnancy rates, while patients with epilepsy had the lowest. These findings suggest a need to enhance efforts to mitigate prenatal exposure to valproic acid, especially for indications where the risk of use during pregnancy outweighs the benefit.
Krill Oil for Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Laura L. Laslett, Lieke E. J. M. Scheepers, Benny Antony, Anita E. Wluka, Guoqi Cai, Catherine L. Hill, Lyn March, Helen I. Keen, Petr Otahal, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Graeme Jones
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Knee osteoarthritis is disabling, with few effective treatments. Preliminary evidence suggested that krill oil supplementation improved knee pain, but effects on knee osteoarthritis remain unclear. Objective To evaluate efficacy of krill oil supplementation, compared with placebo, on knee pain in people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 5 Australian cities. Participants with clinical knee osteoarthritis, significant knee pain, and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled from December 2016 to June 2019; final follow-up occurred on February 7, 2020. Interventions Participants were randomized to 2 g/d of krill oil (n = 130) or matching placebo (n = 132) for 24 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in knee pain as assessed by visual analog scale (range, 0-100; 0 indicating least pain; minimum clinically important improvement = 15) over 24 weeks. Results Of 262 participants randomized (mean age, 61.6 [SD, 9.6] years; 53% women), 222 (85%) completed the trial. Krill oil did not improve knee pain compared with placebo (mean change in VAS score, −19.9 [krill oil] vs −20.2 [placebo]; between-group mean difference, −0.3; 95% CI, −6.9 to 6.4) over 24 weeks. One or more adverse events was reported by 51% in the krill oil group (67/130) and by 54% in the placebo group (71/132). The most common adverse events were musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders, which occurred 32 times in the krill oil group and 42 times in the placebo group, including knee pain (n = 10 with krill oil; n = 9 with placebo), lower extremity pain (n = 1 with krill oil; n = 5 with placebo), and hip pain (n = 3 with krill oil; n = 2 with placebo). Conclusions and Relevance Among people with knee osteoarthritis who have significant knee pain and effusion-synovitis on magnetic resonance imaging, 2 g/d of daily krill oil supplementation did not improve knee pain over 24 weeks compared with placebo. These findings do not support krill oil for treating knee pain in this population. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: ACTRN12616000726459 ; Universal Trial Number: U1111-1181-7087
Use of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Interpretation of Pathology Reports
Authors: Eric Steimetz, Jeremy Minkowitz, Elmer C. Gabutan, Joan Ngichabe, Hagar Attia, Mordechai Hershkop, Fatih Ozay, Matthew G. Hanna, Raavi Gupta
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Anatomic pathology reports are an essential part of health care, containing vital diagnostic and prognostic information. Currently, most patients have access to their test results online. However, the reports are complex and are generally incomprehensible to laypeople. Artificial intelligence chatbots could potentially simplify pathology reports.
Parental E-Cigarette Use and Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Gun Min Youn, Kavita Y. Sarin, Albert S. Chiou, Jennifer K. Chen, Golara Honari
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2014-2018 National Health Interview Survey to assess whether there is an association between parental e-cigarette use and atopic dermatitis in children.