tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in US-Born and Non–US-Born Black Pregnant People in the US
Authors: Mariah Jiles, Ndola Prata, Kim G. Harley
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance With disparate Black maternal health outcomes in the US and a steadily expanding non–US-born Black population, it is beneficial to investigate Black maternal health outcomes by country of origin. Objective To compare the prevalence of maternal morbidity and infant birth outcomes between US-born and non–US-born Black populations in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included all registered hospital births in the US from the 2021 National Vital Statistics Systems (NVSS) Natality Data. Eligible patients identified as Black, excluding those who were younger than 15 years, gave birth to twins or multiple infants, gave birth outside of a hospital, or were missing data for maternal morbidity, nativity, or study covariates. Exposures Maternal birthplace, characterized as born within the US or born outside of the US. Main Outcomes and Measures Five maternal morbidities (ie, maternal transfusion, perineal laceration, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, admission to intensive care unit) and two birth outcomes (low birthweight, preterm birth). Logistic regression analyses were utilized to calculate the associations of maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcome with maternal birthplace. Results Of a total 3 669 928 registered births in the US in 2021, 499 409 births to mothers who identified as Black were included in analysis; the majority of individuals were aged 20 to 24 years (117 173 [23.5%]), 25 to 29 years (142 890 [28.6%]), or 30 to 34 years (123 485 [24.7%]). Maternal birthplace in the US was associated with a decreased odds of experiencing any maternal morbidity (4411 of 403 822 births [1.1%]) compared with Black people born outside of the US (1593 of 95 587 births [1.7%]) (aOR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.62-0.71). US-born Black people were significantly less likely to experience 3 of 5 maternal morbidities compared with non–US-born Black people: maternal transfusion (aOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97), perineal laceration (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.39-0.48), and ruptured uterus (aOR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45-0.89). US-born Black people also had a nonsignificant decrease in odds for unplanned hysterectomy (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56-1.05) and admission to intensive care unit (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79-1.07). However, they were at increased odds of experiencing key adverse infant health outcomes, including low birthweight (aOR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.58-1.67) and preterm birth (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.47-1.55). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, significant differences were observed in odds of maternal morbidity and birth outcomes by maternal birthplace within the Black pregnant population in the US. This suggests the need for increased assessment of nativity in Black maternal health research and specific strategies to reduce morbidity for non–US-born populations.
Immunotherapy Benefit Over Best Supportive Care in Hepatocellular Cancer With Child-Pugh B Dysfunction
Authors: Yasuyuki Shigematsu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Immunotherapy Benefit Over Best Supportive Care in Hepatocellular Cancer With Child-Pugh B Dysfunction—Reply
Authors: Claudia A. M. Fulgenzi, Antonio D’Alessio, David J. Pinato
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Health Communication and Adherence to Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Doris Sau Fung Yu, Polly Wai-Chi Li, Jason Chi-Chun Lau, Pik Shan Alice Cheung, Mary Ip, Suet Lai Linda Cheng, Henry Chung Leung Poon, Fung Kam Iris Lee
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Domiciliary noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a standard treatment for improving health outcomes among patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF). However, poor adherence substantially limits its therapeutic effectiveness. To determine the effect of an information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills-based intervention (IMB-NIV program) on NIV adherence, patient-reported health outcomes, and health service use among patients with CHRF. This multisite, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2022 to March 2023 at respiratory clinics of 2 regional hospitals in Hong Kong among patients with CHRF who had been nonadherent to prescribed domiciliary NIV. The 6-week IMB-NIV program used a hybrid approach, combining in-person and telecare sessions, to provide patients with knowledge, skills, a positive attitude, and social motivation to enhance NIV adherence. The primary outcome was NIV adherence data retrieved from the NIV machine. Secondary outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Chinese Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire, venous bicarbonate (HCO3-) level, emergency department (ED) and hospital admissions, and mortality measured at baseline, program completion, and 3, 6, and 12 months. Of the 124 participants (mean [SD] age, 73.7 [7.2] years; 67 [54.0%] female), the 62 patients in the IMB-NIV group were more likely to adhere to NIV compared with the 62 patients in the usual care group at 12 months (61.3% vs 27.4%; odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.69 to 4.55), with a greater increase noted in daily NIV use in hours at that time (B = 2.37; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.31). A generalized estimating equation indicated significantly greater improvements in sleep quality (B = -3.63; 95% CI, -5.14 to -2.12) and health-related quality of life (β = 14.84; 95% CI, 9.18 to 20.49) at 12 months in the IMB-NIV group. The IMB-NIV group had significantly lower ED admissions (incidence rate ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.84) and a longer time to the first ED visit (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.95). No significant treatment effect was observed on venous HCO3- levels or hospital admissions. In this randomized clinical trial, the IMB-NIV program offered a promising behavioral approach to improve NIV adherence in patients with CHRF. Its sustained positive effects on sleep quality, health-related quality of life, and ED admissions highlight its potential to optimize the therapeutic benefits of NIV. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05008211.
LRP4 mutations promote tumour progression and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Rongqi Sun, Kaixuan Liu, Siyuan Pan, Yuhang Ye, Ning Li, Shuangyi Chen, Xinyi Cui, Yuxi Zhang, Long Chen, Jingyue Pan, Zhiqiang Hu, Chubin Luo, Jia Fan, Zhengjun Zhou, Shaolai Zhou, Jian Zhou
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence is a major factor limiting long-time survival and the cause of most deaths in patients with HCC. However, molecular characterisation and potential therapeutic targets of recurrent HCC remain mostly unknown. Approach and results: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 63 matched primary and recurrent HCC tumours and combined the data with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) results in 43 paired samples from our previous study. Sanger sequencing was used to identify all low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 ( LRP4 ) coding exons in 203 additional patients with recurrent HCC. We identified LRP4 somatic mutations in 7.8% (24/309) of recurrent tumours and only 0.97% (3/309) of primary tumours ( P &lt;0.001). Prognosis after the second liver resection was poorer in patients with an LRP4 mutation. Biofunctional investigations demonstrated that inactivating LRP4 mutations promoted tumour progression and immunosuppression. Mechanistically, mutated LRP4 reduced intratumoural conventional type 1 dendritic cell and CD8 + T cell infiltration by repressing CCL4 expression and secretion through activation of β-catenin signalling, resulting in resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy. Patients with recurrent HCC carrying an LRP4 mutation did not benefit from anti-PD-1 treatment after their second resection surgery. A β-catenin inhibitor reversed LRP4-induced resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in humanised tumour-bearing mice. Conclusions: Our results identified novel LRP4 mutations important in recurrent HCC. Inactivating LRP4 mutations were associated with resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy and could be useful biomarkers for precision therapy in patients with recurrent HCC.
Letter to the Editor: Association between hepatitis delta virus with liver morbidity and mortality: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ke-Qian Chen, Yang Chen, Jin-Fu Peng, Wen-Rui Tang, Shu-Zhi Wang, Xiang Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Chen, Ke-Qian; Chen, Yang; Peng, Jin-Fu; Tang, Wen-Rui; Wang, Shu-Zhi; Liu, Xiang Author Information
Prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and fibrosis defined by liver elastography in the United States using National Health and Nutrition examination survey 2017-march 2020 and august 2021-august 2023 data
Authors: Aynur Unalp-Arida, Constance E. Ruhl
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background &amp; Aims: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a significant public health burden. Previously, we estimated prepandemic SLD prevalence determined by transient elastography assessed hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the United States. We now estimate prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and examine associations with lifestyle, socioeconomic, and other factors. Approach &amp; Results: Liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were assessed on 13,538 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and Hispanic men and women aged 20 years and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-March 2020 and August 2021-August 2023. The prevalence of SLD (CAP &gt;300 dB/m) was 28.7%, of fibrosis (liver stiffness &gt;8 kPa) was 11.3%, and of MASLD was 25.6%. Between the two survey cycles the age standardized SLD prevalence was not significantly different, MASLD prevalence decreased (26.8% to 23.6%), and fibrosis prevalence increased (10.4% to 12.7%). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, both MASLD and fibrosis were associated with diabetes, higher body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, elevated blood pressure, and inversely associated with non-Hispanic Black race-ethnicity. MASLD was also associated with male sex, non-Hispanic Asian race-ethnicity, pre-diabetes, higher total cholesterol, lower HDL cholesterol, and greater sedentary lifestyle. Fibrosis was also associated with SLD, lower total cholesterol, and less education. Conclusions: In the U.S. population, MASLD and fibrosis prevalence are high along with obesity and diabetes. Our findings suggest that early detection of chronic liver disease and targeting lifestyle and other modifiable risk factors may slow disease progression toward advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Unmet needs in diagnosis and management of portopulmonary hypertension: How far have we reached?
Authors: Michael J. Krowka, Hilary M. DuBrock, Sarah Raevens, Michael B. Fallon
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), a form of pulmonary artery hypertension, occurs because of portal hypertension. Pulmonary hemodynamics and right heart function are key entities that are considered when diagnosing and treating POPH. Medical management, combined with liver transplantation, offers a unique opportunity of POPH “cure,” however transplant risk can be significant as it relates to the severity of POPH. In addition to recent POPH practice guidelines, continued efforts can be suggested to improve our understanding of prognostic factors, investigate newer medical treatments, and improve outcomes of POPH. Herein, we identify specific “unmet needs” that focus on expanding and complementing current POPH practice guidelines.
Practical Considerations for Sharing Race-Based Genetic Research Findings
Authors: Ana Iltis, Glenda V. Roberts, Marva Moxey-Mims, Alexis Conell, Jennifer Davis, Rasheed Gbadegesin, Patrick Gee, Nichole Jefferson, Heather Johnson, Giftay Kingston, Kathryn Lindsay, Mariella Ortigosa-Goggins, Sylvia Rosas, Laurie Russell, Krista L. Lentine
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Iltis, Ana; Roberts, Glenda V.; Moxey-Mims, Marva; Conell, Alexis; Davis, Jennifer; Gbadegesin, Rasheed; Gee, Patrick; Jefferson, Nichole; Johnson, Heather; Kingston, Giftay; Lindsay, Kathryn; Ortigosa-Goggins, Mariella; Rosas, Sylvia; Russell, Laurie; Lentine, Krista L.; on behalf of the The APOLLO Network Dissemination Working Group Author Information
Reply: Hepatic decompensation is the major driver of mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: The impact of successful antiviral treatment
Authors: Ciro Celsa, Giuseppe Cabibbo, David James Pinato
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W120HS London, UK 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Italy 3Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy Correspondence David James Pinato, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, W12 0HS, London, UK. Email: [email protected]
Tagless LysoIP for immunoaffinity enrichment of native lysosomes from clinical samples
Authors: Daniel Saarela, Pawel Lis, Sara Gomes, Raja S. Nirujogi, Wentao Dong, Eshaan S. Rawat, Sophie Glendinning, Karolina Zeneviciute, Enrico Bagnoli, Rotimi Fasimoye, Cindy Lin, Kwamina Nyame, Fanni A. Boros, Friederike Zunke, Frederic Lamoliatte, Sadik Elshani, Matthew Jaconelli, Judith J.M. Jans, Margriet A. Huisman, Christian Posern, Lena M. Westermann, Angela Schulz, Peter M. van Hasselt, Dario R. Alessi, Monther Abu-Remaileh, Esther M. Sammler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Lysosomes are implicated in a wide spectrum of human diseases including monogenic lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), age-associated neurodegeneration and cancer. Profiling lysosomal content using tag-based lysosomal immunoprecipitation (LysoTagIP) in cell and animal models has substantially moved the field forward, but studying lysosomal dysfunction in human patients remains challenging. Here, we report the development of the 'tagless LysoIP' method, designed to enable the rapid enrichment of lysosomes, via immunoprecipitation, using the endogenous integral lysosomal membrane protein TMEM192, directly from clinical samples and human cell lines (e.g., induced pluripotent stem cell derived neurons). Isolated lysosomes were intact and suitable for subsequent multimodal omics analyses. To validate our approach, we applied the tagless LysoIP to enrich lysosomes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from fresh blood of healthy donors and patients with CLN3 disease, an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative LSD. Metabolic profiling of isolated lysosomes revealed massive accumulation of glycerophosphodiesters (GPDs) in patients' lysosomes. Interestingly, a patient with a milder phenotype and genotype displayed lower accumulation of lysosomal GPDs, consistent with their potential role as disease biomarkers. Altogether, the tagless LysoIP provides a framework to study native lysosomes from patient samples, identify disease biomarkers, and discover human-relevant disease mechanisms.
Integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines (iEC-Eff): A demonstration study
Authors: Ye Luo, Xu Zhao, Ruilin Wang, Xiaoyan Zhan, Tianyi Zhang, Tingting He, Jing Jing, Jianyu Li, Fengyi Li, Ping Zhang, Junling Cao, Jinfa Tang, Zhijie Ma, Tingming Shen, Shuanglin Qin, Ming Yang, Jun Zhao, Zhaofang Bai, Jiabo Wang, Aiguo Dai, Xiangmei Chen, Xiaohe Xiao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Addressing the enduring challenge of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), the integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCMs (Eff-iEC) has emerged. This paper explored its capacity through a demonstration study that evaluated the effectiveness evidence of six commonly used anti-hepatic fibrosis Chinese patent medicines (CPMs), including Biejiajian Pill (BP), Dahuang Zhechong Pill (DZP), Biejia Ruangan Compound (BRC), Fuzheng Huayu Capsule (FHC), Anluo Huaxian Pill (AHP), and Heluo Shugan Capsule (HSC), using both Eff-iEC and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. The recognition of these CPMs within the TCM academic community was also assessed through their inclusion in relevant medical documents. Results showed that the evidence of BRC and FHC received higher assessments in both Eff-iEC and GRADE system, while the assessments for others varied. Analysis of community recognition revealed that Eff-iEC more accurately reflects the clinical value of these CPMs, exhibiting superior evaluative capabilities. By breaking through the conventional pattern of TCMs effectiveness evaluation, Eff-iEC offers a novel epistemology that better aligns with the clinical realities and reasoning of TCMs, providing a coherent methodology for clinical decision-making, new drug evaluations, and health policy formulation.
Challenges to innovation arising from current companion diagnostics regulations and suggestions for improvements
Authors: Kelly S. Oliner, Michelle Shiller, Peter Schmid, Marianne J. Ratcliffe, Aaron J. Schetter, Ming-Sound Tsao
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract A companion diagnostic is a diagnostic test that provides information essential for the safe and effective use of a corresponding therapeutic product. To obtain marketing approval, the companion diagnostic must demonstrate acceptable analytical and clinical performance. Companion diagnostic regulations are intended to protect patients by ensuring quality and consistency of treatment-guiding biomarker testing in clinical trials and clinical practice. However, current regulations have had unintended negative consequences relating to innovation, implementation and accessibility of precision medicine, increasing complexity and cost burden as well as inhibiting development of novel diagnostics and biomarker-targeted therapeutics. We propose a range of practical solutions to these challenges, advocating that regulators, pharmaceutical companies, molecular pathologist groups and diagnostics companies work together to increase flexibility and promote diagnostic innovation, whilst maintaining high quality diagnostic testing to ensure all patients get the most appropriate treatments.
Serpiginous Pustules and Erythematous Plaques on the Soles
Authors: Tian Chen, Dong-Lai Ma
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Serpiginous Pustules and Erythematous Plaques on the Soles Get access Tian Chen, Tian Chen Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Dong-Lai Ma Dong-Lai Ma Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China Corresponding author: Dong-Lai Ma, M.D., Ph.D., Email:[email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljae497, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae497 Published: 26 December 2024 Article history Received: 09 October 2024 Revision received: 19 November 2024 Accepted: 26 December 2024 Published: 26 December 2024