tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dermatological and nephrological complications after polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) injections: a series of 239 cases
Authors: Mayra Ianhez, Arthur Fidelis de Sousa, Eliandre Costa Palermo, Marcelo Prado, Gabriela Helena Munhoz da Fontoura, Hélio Amante Miot
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Circadian rhythm mechanisms underlying convergent adaptation of unihemispheric slow-wave sleep in marine mammals
Authors: Daiqing Yin, Zhenpeng Yu, Haojia Jiang, Yujie Chong, Cuijuan Zhong, Shixia Xu, Guang Yang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Marine mammals have evolved unihemispheric slow wave sleep (USWS), a unique state during which one cerebral hemisphere sleeps while the other remains awake, to mitigate the fundamental conflict between sleep and wakefulness. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here, we use a comparative phylogenetic approach to analyze genes associated with light-dependent circadian mechanisms, aiming to reconstruct the evolution of the circadian rhythm pathway in mammals and to identify adaptively changed components likely to have contributed to the development of USWS. Specifically, among eight genes with shared signals of positive selection in two USWS-specific lineages, seven genes showed direct evidence of affecting sleep and spontaneous movements. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that functional innovation in cetacean and non-phocid pinniped FBXL21, which was found to undergo positive selection, may be beneficial for decoupling sleep–wake patterns from daily rhythms to sustain continuous swimming. For cetaceans exhibiting only USWS, we identified 73 genes as rapidly evolving and 92 genes containing unique amino acid substitutions. Functional assays showed that a cetacean-specific mutation (F411Y) in NFIL3 led to a decrease in repressor activity and protein stability. Furthermore, convergent amino acid replacements detected in genes related to Ca2+ signaling and CREB phosphorylation suggest their crucial role in USWS adaptation. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms underlying USWS and provides a foundation for investigating how circadian rhythm changes contribute to variations in sleep and circadian behavior.
Assessing Policy Impacts on Chronic Disease Risk Reduction: The Science and Art of Policy Rating Systems
Authors: Jamie F. Chriqui, Elizabeth Piekarz-Porter, Rebecca M. Schermbeck, Abhery Das
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2024)

Public policies have been instrumental in influencing population health, and the desire to study their impact led to the development of the fields of policy surveillance and legal epidemiology. The standardized practice of creating policy measurement systems allows researchers to track and evaluate policy impacts across jurisdictions and over time. Policy measures may take many forms, including dichotomous measures, ordinal ratings, composite measures, or scale measures. The policy measures are determined largely based on the research question but should also consider factors impacting policy implementation and equity. Many sources of evidence, including expert input, national standards, scientific evidence, and existing policies, can be used in the development of policy rating systems. Any rating system must be tested, reliable, and clearly documented to create a robust and rigorous dataset. This article reviews key considerations for the development of policy rating systems for use in public health research.
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for children with refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and associated lung disease: outcomes from an international, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Michael G Matt, Daniel Drozdov, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Mia Glerup, Ellen-Margrethe Hauge, Tania Masmas, Elvira Cannizzaro Schneider, Ulrike B Zeilhofer, Rolla F Abu-Arja, Kyla D Driest, Joseph H Oved, Karen Onel, Christen L Ebens, Deepakbabu Chellapandian, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Sampath Prahalad, Johannes Roth, Susan E Prockop, Juliana Silva, Andrew H Schapiro, Christopher Towe, Sharat Chandra, Alexei Grom, Grant S Schulert, Rebecca A Marsh
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2024)
Integrating environmental outcomes in randomised clinical trials: a call to action
Authors: Johanne Juul Petersen, Linn Hemberg, Lehana Thabane, Sally Hopewell, An-Wen Chan, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Ole Mathiesen, Myles Sergeant, Sujane Kandasamy, Nandi Siegfried, Paula R Williamson, Lisa Fox, Caroline Barkholt Kamp, Jean-Marc Hoffmann, Stig Brorson, Peter Bentzer, Janus Christian Jakobsen
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
From the 100 Day Mission to 100 lines of software development: how to improve early outbreak analytics
Authors: Carmen Tamayo Cuartero, Anna C Carnegie, Zulma M Cucunuba, Anne Cori, Sara M Hollis, Rolina D Van Gaalen, Amrish Y Baidjoe, Alexander F Spina, John A Lees, Simon Cauchemez, Mauricio Santos, Juan D Umaña, Chaoran Chen, Hugo Gruson, Pratik Gupte, Joseph Tsui, Anita A Shah, Geraldine Gomez Millan, David Santiago Quevedo, Neale Batra, Andrea Torneri, Adam J Kucharski
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable advances have been made to improve epidemic preparedness by accelerating diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine development. However, we argue that it is crucial to make equivalent efforts in the field of outbreak analytics to help ensure reliable, evidence-based decision making. To explore the challenges and key priorities in the field of outbreak analytics, the Epiverse-TRACE initiative brought together a multidisciplinary group of experts, including field epidemiologists, data scientists, academics, and software engineers from public health institutions across multiple countries. During a 3-day workshop, 40 participants discussed what the first 100 lines of code written during an outbreak should look like. The main findings from this workshop are summarised in this Viewpoint. We provide an overview of the current outbreak analytic landscape by highlighting current key challenges that should be addressed to improve the response to future public health crises. Furthermore, we propose actionable solutions to these challenges that are achievable in the short term, and longer-term strategic recommendations. This Viewpoint constitutes a call to action for experts involved in epidemic response to develop modern and robust data analytic approaches at the heart of epidemic preparedness and response.
The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance
Authors: David Shaw, Raquel Abad Torreblanca, Zahin Amin-Chowdhury, Adriana Bautista, Desiree Bennett, Karen Broughton, Carlo Casanova, Eun Hwa Choi, Heike Claus, Mary Corcoran, Simon Cottrell, Robert Cunney, Lize Cuypers, Tine Dalby, Heather Davies, Linda de Gouveia, Ala-Eddine Deghmane, Stefanie Desmet, Mirian Domenech, Richard Drew, Mignon du Plessis, Carolina Duarte, Kurt Fuursted, Alyssa Golden, Samanta Cristine Grassi Almeida, Desiree Henares, Birgitta Henriques-Normark, Markus Hilty, Steen Hoffmann, Hilary Humphreys, Susanne Jacobsson, Christopher Johnson, Keith A Jolley, Aníbal Kawabata, Jana Kozakova, Karl G Kristinsson, Pavla Krizova, Alicja Kuch, Shamez Ladhani, Thiên-Trí Lâm, María Eugenia León Ayala, Laura Lindholm, David Litt, Martin C J Maiden, Irene Martin, Delphine Martiny, Wesley Mattheus, Noel D McCarthy, Mary Meehan, Susan Meiring, Paula Mölling, Eva Morfeldt, Julie Morgan, Robert Mulhall, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, David Murdoch, Martin Musilek, Ludmila Novakova, Shahin Oftadeh, Amaresh Perez-Arguello, Maria Dolores Pérez-Vázquez, Monique Perrin, Benoit Prevost, Maria Roberts, Assaf Rokney, Merav Ron, Olga Marina Sanabria, Kevin J Scott, Julio Sempere, Lotta Siira, Ana Paula Silva de Lemos, Vitali Sintchenko, Anna Skoczyńska, Hans-Christian Slotved, Andrew J Smith, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Maija Toropainen, Georgina Tzanakaki, Anni Vainio, Mark P G van der Linden, Nina M van Sorge, Emmanuelle Varon, Julio Vazquez Moreno, Sandra Vohrnova, Anne von Gottberg, Jose Yuste, Angela B Brueggemann
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health. We also highlight the value of surveillance initiatives among collaborative international partners, who work together to share, analyse, and interpret data, and then disseminate their findings in a timely manner. Microbiology reference laboratories have substantial impact at regional, national, and international levels, and sustained support for these laboratories is essential for public health in both pandemic and non-pandemic times.
Building global collaborative research networks in paediatric critical care: a roadmap
Authors: Luregn J Schlapbach, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Kristen S Gibbons, Brenda M Morrow, Natalie Napolitano, Lyvonne N Tume, Andrew C Argent, Akash Deep, Jan Hau Lee, Mark J Peters, Michael S D Agus, John Adabie Appiah, Jennifer Armstrong, Tigist Bacha, Warwick Butt, Daniela Carla de Souza, Jaime Fernández-Sarmiento, Heidi R Flori, Patricia Fontela, Ben Gelbart, Sebastián González-Dambrauskas, Takanari Ikeyama, Roberto Jabornisky, Muralidharan Jayashree, Yasser M Kazzaz, Martin C J Kneyber, Debbie Long, Jenala Njirimmadzi, Rujipat Samransamruajkit, Roelie M Wösten-van Asperen, Quan Wang, Katie O'Hearn, Kusum Menon
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)
SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity
Authors: James Brett Case, Shilpi Jain, Mehul S. Suthar, Michael S. Diamond
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2024)

The persistence of SARS-CoV-2 infections at a global level reflects the repeated emergence of variant strains encoding unique constellations of mutations. These variants have been generated principally because of a dynamic host immune landscape, the countermeasures deployed to combat disease, and selection for enhanced infection of the upper airway and respiratory transmission. The resulting viral diversity creates a challenge for vaccination efforts to maintain efficacy, especially regarding humoral aspects of protection. Here, we review our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 has evolved during the pandemic, the immune mechanisms that confer protection, and the impact viral evolution has had on transmissibility and adaptive immunity elicited by natural infection and/or vaccination. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 evolution initially selected variants with increased transmissibility but currently is driven by immune escape. The virus likely will continue to drift to maintain fitness until countermeasures capable of disrupting transmission cycles become widely available.
Bilateral periorbital leukemia cutis
Authors: Tristán Gabriel Sobral-Costas, Rafael Escudero-Tornero, Elena Sendagorta Cudos
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

We present a rare case of bilateral periorbital leukemia cutis in a 72-year-old woman with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Despite initial treatments, the patient exhibited progressive lesions, ultimately responding to chemotherapy with alemtuzumab. This case highlights an uncommon periorbital presentation with a greenish hue, adding to the spectrum of leukemia cutis manifestations.
Naevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola
Authors: Lin Zheng, Jingzhu Bai, Ruihua Fang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

We report an unusual case of naevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and/or areola. A 36-year-old woman presented with asymptomatic, dark, verrucous, hard plaques on both the nipples and areolas, which had developed over the preceding 19 years. Just over 100 cases have been reported globally in the past 100 years.
Barber Ant Alopecia
Authors: Emma Carroll, Rosalind Hughes
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

A 26-year-old woman presented with overnight alopecia after encountering ants in her hair, later identified as Pheidole pallidula, "barber ants". Ant-induced alopecia is a rare condition, resulting from mechanical biting and chemical actions by the ants. Spontaneous regrowth usually occurs.
NRH, a potent NAD+ enhancer, improves glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice though an active adenosine kinase pathway
Authors: Xinliu Zeng, Yongjie Wang, Karina Farias, Andrew Rappa, Christine Darko, Anthony Sauve, Qingxia Huang, Laura C Alonso, Yue Yang
Journal: Metabolism (2024)
RORc expressing immune cells negatively regulate tertiary lymphoid structure formation and support their pro-tumorigenic functions
Authors: Einat Cinnamon, Ilan Stein, Elvira Zino, Stav Rabinovich, Yehuda Shovman, Yehuda Schlesinger, Tomer-Meir Salame, Shlomit Reich-Zeliger, Thomas Albrecht, Stephanie Roessler, Peter Schirmacher, Michal Lotem, Yinon Ben-Neriah, Oren Parnas, Eli Pikarsky
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)
Symptom Burden and Survivorship Care for Patients With Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Daniel Sentana-Lledo, Anurag Saraf, Alicia K. Morgans
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Prostate cancer survivors represent a growing population of patients with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, whether they were cured using local therapies or continue to receive systemic treatment of advanced disease. Many patients receive androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) during treatment, which is associated with many long-lasting physical and psychological effects. Identifying and addressing the needs of survivors is imperative for improving their health and well-being. This narrative review highlights the most common issues associated with ADT affecting survivorship in prostate cancer, including cardiovascular and metabolic effects, musculoskeletal health, sexual morbidity, and local therapy effects, as well as the mental and psychological toll. A special emphasis is placed on the existing literature examining specific interventions to alleviate these symptoms, along with describing existing gaps in knowledge, with the goal of promoting dedicated studies aimed at enhancing the survivorship experience of patients with prostate cancer.
Do Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumors Metastasize Post Appendectomy or Right Hemicolectomy?
Authors: Taymeyah Al-Toubah, Mintallah Haider, Eleonora Pelle, Maria Grazia Maratta, Jonathan Strosberg
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the appendix are typically detected incidentally during appendectomy. Recent studies reported no metachronous metastases among patients with primary tumors &lt;2 cm, regardless of lymph node status or referral for completion hemicolectomy. However, questions persist regarding the possibility of metastases developing decades after surgical resection, particularly because appendiceal NETs are frequently diagnosed in young adults and children. Therefore, we sought to evaluate patients with metastatic appendiceal NETs to assess whether any had been diagnosed previously with an early-stage appendiceal NET. Methods: We analyzed a large institutional neuroendocrine tumor database to identify appendiceal NETs of all stages and ascertain whether any patients with localized tumors developed metastases and whether any with metastatic disease had initially presented with an early-stage tumor. Results: Of 3,795 patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) NETs seen in an oncologic NET clinic between January 2008 and August 2023, 124 presented with appendiceal NETs. Of these, only 10 (&lt;0.3% of the total GEP-NET population) had stage IV disease, 8 of whom were diagnosed synchronously at the time of initial diagnosis. Two patients with metastatic disease had reportedly undergone surgical resection for a primary appendiceal NET approximately 20 years before the diagnosis of metastatic disease, but medical records were not available to confirm an appendiceal primary. Conclusions: Stage IV appendiceal NETs are exceptionally rare, and distant metastases are synchronous in nearly all cases. The risk of metastatic spread after resection of local appendiceal NETs is negligible. Patients with tumors &lt;2 cm should not be managed with completion right hemicolectomy, and the role of this operation for larger tumors is questionable. Postoperative surveillance is unlikely to be of benefit.
First-Line PD-1 Blockade Combined With Chemotherapy for Stage IV Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Longbin Xiong, Xingli Shan, Huali Ma, Shengjie Guo, Jiyan Liu, Xianda Chen, Wenjun Meng, Bin Guo, Lijuan Jiang, Ru Yan, Xin An, Yanxia Shi, Yijun Zhang, Ting Xue, Lichao Wei, Daming Xu, Zhiling Zhang, Zike Qin, Kai Yao, Yajian Li, Philippe E. Spiess, Linjun Hu, Nianzeng Xing, Hui Han
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD-1 blockade combined with cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP)–based chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Patients and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of 32 eligible patients with high-risk stage IV (cN3M0–1) PSCC who received first-line PD-1 blockade combined with TP-based chemotherapy at 5 medical centers (2019–2023). Clinical responses were assessed using RECIST version 1.1. Treatment-related adverse events (TrAEs) and postsurgical complications were graded according to CTCAE version 5.0. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multiplex immunofluorescence was used to explore potential biomarkers and to present the tumor microenvironment landscape before and after treatment. Results: After a median treatment duration of 4 cycles (range, 2–6), the overall objective response rate was 78.1% (25/32). Among 27 patients with locally advanced PSCC, 13 (48.1%) subsequently underwent consolidative surgery and 6 (22.2%) achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). Additionally, 8 (25.0%) patients in the overall cohort underwent consolidated radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 21.1 months (95% CI, 14.1–42.7). Median PFS and OS were 15.0 months (95% CI, 11.4–not available [NA]) and 19.3 months (95% CI, 16.7–NA), respectively. All patients experienced TrAEs, with 50% (16/32) of them having grade ≥3 TrAEs. Higher intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration was observed in pretreatment samples of responders compared with nonresponders ( P =.03). CD4+ T-cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, among others, exhibited significant changes after treatment (all P &lt;.05), suggesting their potential involvement in the antitumor response to immunochemotherapy. Conclusions: PD-1 blockade plus TP-based chemotherapy was effective and well tolerated, with favorable survival outcomes for patients with stage IV PSCC. High pretreatment intratumoral CD8+ T-cell infiltration may help to identify potential responders.
Obeticholic acid as second-line therapy for primary biliary cholangitis: Does target trial emulation solve the issue?
Authors: Therese Bittermann, Douglas E. Schaubel
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA, USA) 2Division of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA, USA) 3Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Philadelphia, PA, USA) Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HR, hazard ratio; ICD, International Classifications of Diseases ITT, intention-to-treat; LT, liver transplantation; OCA, obeticholic acid; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid Correspondence Therese Bittermann, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street – 2 Dulles, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Email: [email protected]
Extrasinusoidal macrophages are a distinct subset of immunologically active dural macrophages
Authors: Lukas Amann, Amelie Fell, Gianni Monaco, Roman Sankowski, Huang Zie Quann Wu, Marta Joana Costa Jordão, Katharina Borst, Maximilian Fliegauf, Takahiro Masuda, Alberto Ardura-Fabregat, Neil Paterson, Elisa Nent, James Cook, Ori Staszewski, Omar Mossad, Thorsten Falk, Antoine Louveau, Igor Smirnov, Jonathan Kipnis, Tim Lämmermann, Marco Prinz
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Although macrophages in the meningeal compartments of the central nervous system (CNS) have been comprehensively characterized under steady state, studying their contribution to physiological and pathological processes has been hindered by the lack of specific targeting tools in vivo. Recent findings have shown that the dural sinus and its adjacent lymphatic vessels act as a neuroimmune interface. However, the cellular and functional heterogeneity of extrasinusoidal dural macrophages outside this immune hub is not fully understood. Therefore, we comprehensively characterized these cells using single-cell transcriptomics, fate mapping, confocal imaging, clonal analysis, and transgenic mouse lines. Extrasinusoidal dural macrophages were distinct from leptomeningeal and CNS parenchymal macrophages in terms of their origin, expansion kinetics, and transcriptional profiles. During autoimmune neuroinflammation, extrasinusoidal dural macrophages performed efferocytosis of apoptotic granulocytes. Our results highlight a previously unappreciated myeloid cell diversity and provide insights into the brain’s innate immune system.
Antigen-presenting cell activation requires intrinsic and extrinsic STING signaling after the phagocytosis of DNA-damaged cells
Authors: Seongji Park, Jeonghyun Ahn, Glen N. Barber
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are readily activated after phagocytosing infected or DNA-damaged cells but not normal apoptotic cells for reasons that are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that after DNA damage events, cytosolic dsDNA species trigger intrinsic STING signaling and the production of key immunogenic proteins, including CCL5, which renders such cells capable of APC activation upon phagocytosis. These events involve the generation of immunogenic STING-inducible endosomal vesicles (SIEVEs) additionally comprising critical autophagy-associated proteins associated with cytosolic DNA species. After phagocytosis, extrinsic cGAS-STING signaling is triggered via engulfed, immunogenic transactivating DNA vesicles resulting in APC stimulation. These results help explain how APCs are predominantly activated by DNA-damaged or infected cells in contrast with normal apoptotic cells and suggest that reconstitution of STING signaling or key inducible genes in cGAS-STING–defective malignancies could substantially augment cancer immunotherapies.