tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cell-homing and immunomodulatory composite hydrogels for effective wound healing with neovascularization
Authors: Hayeon Byun, Yujin Han, Eunhyung Kim, Indong Jun, Jinkyu Lee, Hyewoo Jeong, Seung Jae Huh, Jinmyoung Joo, Su Ryon Shin, Heungsoo Shin
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Wound healing in cases of excessive inflammation poses a significant challenge due to compromised neovascularization. Here, we propose a multi-functional composite hydrogel engineered to overcome such conditions through recruitment and activation of macrophages with adapted degradation of the hydrogel. The composite hydrogel (G-TSrP) is created by combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and nanoparticles (TSrP) composed of tannic acid (TA) and Sr2+. These nanoparticles are prepared using a one-step mineralization process assisted by metal-phenolic network formation. G-TSrP exhibits the ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species and direct polarization of macrophages toward M2 phenotype. It has been observed that the liberation of TA and Sr2+ from G-TSrP actively facilitate the recruitment and up-regulation of the expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes of macrophages, and thereby, coordinate in vivo adapted degradation of the G-TSrP. Most significantly, G-TSrP accelerates angiogenesis despite the TA's inhibitory properties, which are counteracted by the released Sr2+. Moreover, G-TSrP enhances wound closure under inflammation and promotes normal tissue formation with strong vessel growth. Genetic analysis confirms macrophage-mediated wound healing by the composite hydrogel. Collectively, these findings pave the way for the development of biomaterials that promote wound healing by creating regenerative environment.
Nasal Rim Sign: A clinical manifestation of dermatomyositis
Authors: Sweta Subhadarshani, Madeline Hunt, Kerith Spicknall
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

The patient, a 69-year-old African American woman, presented with a three-month history of digital ulcers, Raynaud phenomenon, and occasional cough in addition to an eruption on her nose, back, and elbows. The patient denies any oral ulcers or nail changes. She also denied any photosensitivity, arthralgia, morning stiffness, muscle weakness or pain, fever, chills, weight loss, difficulty swallowing, hematuria, abdominal pain, headache, seizures, or mood disturbance. Mucocutaneous examination was remarkable for violaceous scaly plaques lining the nasal rim and on the elbows and back and multiple few-millimeter-sized, well-defined, grouped, eroded, and ulcerated violaceous papules overlying the joints on the palmar (palmar papules or inverse gottron papules)1 and volar aspects of the hands. Muscle strength was within normal limits. Laboratory evaluation revealed a positive anti–melanoma differentiation antigen (MDA)-5 antibody in the setting of unremarkable antinuclear antibody, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, double-stranded DNA, anti-sjogren syndrome A, anti-sjogren syndrome B, cyclic citrullinated peptide, creatinine kinase, uric acid, and complement levels. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein showed mild elevation. Skin biopsy from the elbow showed interface dermatitis, whereas that from digits showed infarct. Computed tomography) of the chest showed basilar predominant irregular consolidation with some reticulation and ground-glass attenuation, and a pulmonary function test showed a restrictive pattern. In view of pulmonary involvement, prominent vasculopathy, and to prevent rapid progressions, she was treated with 2 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin every 28 days for 6 months and mycophenolic acid, prednisone, and nifedipine. The nasal rim sign has not been discussed or documented previously in the literature. However, on extensive literature search of clinical images of dermatomyositis, we came across some suggestions of similar involvement in other patients with anti-MDA-5 dermatomyositis.2-4 Whether or not this sign is suggestive or specific for this antibody and its prognostic implication and association with airway/lung involvement remains to be established. In one review, the authors noted 4 of 10 patients who were anti-MDA-5 positive reported tender gums and/or oral erosions, significantly more than the group that was anti-MDA5 negative.1 The nasal rim sign could possibly indicate another orifical predilection. Detailed documentation of clinical features and prognosis in further reports would provide more insight into the association. Disclosure Form: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genetic and transcriptomic landscape of colonic diverticulosis
Authors: Jungkyun Seo, Hongwei Liu, Kristin Young, Xinruo Zhang, Temitope O Keku, Corbin D Jones, Kari E North, Robert S Sandler, Anne F Peery
Journal: Gut (2024)

Objective Colonic diverticulosis is a prevalent condition among older adults, marked by the presence of thin-walled pockets in the colon wall that can become inflamed, infected, haemorrhage or rupture. We present a case–control genetic and transcriptomic study aimed at identifying the genetic and cellular determinants underlying this condition and the relationship with other gastrointestinal disorders. Design We conducted DNA and RNA sequencing on colonic tissue from 404 patients with (N=172) and without (N=232) diverticulosis. We investigated variation in the transcriptome associated with diverticulosis and further integrated this variation with single-cell RNA-seq data from the human intestine. We also integrated our expression quantitative trait loci with genome-wide association study using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Furthermore, a Polygenic Risk Score analysis gauged associations between diverticulosis severity and other gastrointestinal disorders. Results We discerned 38 genes with differential expression and 17 with varied transcript usage linked to diverticulosis, indicating tissue remodelling as a primary diverticula formation mechanism. Diverticula formation was primarily linked to stromal and epithelial cells in the colon including endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, goblet, tuft, enterocytes, neurons and glia. MR highlighted five genes including CCN3, CRISPLD2, ENTPD7, PHGR1 and TNFSF13 , with potential causal effects on diverticulosis. Notably, ENTPD7 upregulation was confirmed in diverticulosis cases. Additionally, diverticulosis severity was positively correlated with genetic predisposition to diverticulitis. Conclusion Our results suggest that tissue remodelling is a primary mechanism for diverticula formation. Individuals with an increased genetic proclivity to diverticulitis exhibit a larger numbers of diverticula on colonoscopy.
Strong association between the intraoperative numeric gamma probe signal and the maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) on PSMA PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer
Authors: A.C. Berrens, M.A. Sorbi, M.L. Donswijk, H.A. de Barros, S. Azargoshasb, M.N. Van Oosterom, D.D.D. Rietbergen, E.M. Bekers, H.G. Van Der Poel, F.W.B. Van Leeuwen, P.J. Van Leeuwen
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves antitumor immune response through reduction of regulatoty T cells in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: D. Ikarashi, S. Kitano, E. Shiomi, T. Matsuura, S. Maekawa, R. Kato, M. Kanehira, J. Sugimura, W. Obara
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Do incidental prostate cancer patients managed with active surveillance exhibit different disease features and outcomes compared to their biopsy-diagnosed counterparts? Results of a multi-institutional study
Authors: R. Leni, A. Stabile, U. Capitanio, M. Roscigno, G. La Croce, L.F. Da Pozzo, J. Olivier, F. Zattoni, M. Facco, F. Dal Moro, R. Van Den Bergh, T. Soeterik, L. Bianchi, L. Lampariello, A. Salonia, F. Montorsi, A. Briganti, A. Vickers, G. Gandaglia
Journal: European Urology (2024)
A prospective multinational and multi-institutional analysis of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer in the Nordic countries (NorCys – trial)
Authors: T. Venhomaa, I. Nikulainen, M. Bläckberg, L. Bro, S. Buchardt Brandt, O. Ettala, K. Fabrin, S. Gudjonsson, E.S. Haug, M. Högerman, J.M. Hyldgaard, T. Jerlström, I. Koskinen, G. Lam, M. Leskinen, F. Liedberg, U. Nordström Joensen, H. Seikkula, V. Ströck, V. Virta, J. Bjerggaard Jensen, P. Boström
Journal: European Urology (2024)
The impact of venous thromboembolism on bladder cancer patients undergoing open or minimally-invasive radical cystectomy in the United States: Perioperative outcomes and health-care costs from insurance claims data
Authors: F. Del Giudice, A. Tresh, S. Basran, F. Belladelli, E. De Berardinis, V. Asero, C.M. Scornajenghi, D. Carino, M. Ferro, G.M. Busetto, F. Crocetto, R. Balsamo, B. Barone, B. Pradere, W. Krajewski, L. Nowak, T. Szydełko, M. Moschini, A. Mari, A. Rane, B. Challacombe, R. Nair, B.I. Chung
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to a quadrifecta composite improves the oncologic outcomes reporting of patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: S. Mancon, F. Soria, M. Moschini, E. Laukhtina, R. Hurle, A. Antonelli, J. Yuen-Chun Teoh, S.F. Shariat, B. Pradere, D. D’Andrea
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Worry about prostate cancer and risk perception among middle-aged men: Results from the PROBASE trial
Authors: V.H. Meissner, A. Dinkel, M. Kron, S. Schiele, J. Lakes, J.P. Radtke, M. Kuczyk, N. Harke, J. Debus, S. Körber, G. Antoch, L. Schimmöller, G. Kristiansen, A. Krilaviciute, P. Seibold, S. Behrens, A. Benner, C. Arsov, B. Hadaschik, N. Becker, R. Kaaks, P. Albers, J.E. Gschwend, K. Herkommer
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Stentless Florence Robotic Intracorporeal Neobladder (FloRIN), a feasibility prospective randomized clinical trial
Authors: L. Lambertini, F. Di Maida, A. Cadenar, S. Nardoni, V.F. Francesca, A.A. Grosso, L. Gajo, S. Coco, D. Paganelli, A. Sandulli, R. Fantechi, A. Tuccio, G. Vittori, A. Mari, A. Minervini
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Pembrolizumab in BCG refractory non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is associated with high rates of adverse events and discontinuation of treatment
Authors: B. Golijanin, K. Malshy, V. Bhatt, G. Lagos, S. Khaleel, A. Ali, A. DeSouza, L. Chenga, A. Mega, D. Golijanin
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Boron neutron capture therapy for experimental bladder cancer: Systemic or intravesical approach
Authors: K. Teke, C. Özer, B. Bayrak Yaprak, I.A. Reyhancan, C. Vural, M. Kasap, A.Ü. Karabey, G. Akpinar, E. Bosnali, N. Koyuncu Gürsu, I.E. Avci, O. Erbay, M.S. Kiziltas, F. Hunc, Z. Camtakan, O. Kara, G. Aksu, O. Dillioglugil
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Efficacy and safety of the combination of cisplatin plus Nab-paclitaxel and nivolumab with radiotherapy after maximal tumor resection in non-metastatic muscle invasive Bladder Cancer (CNN-BC trial)
Authors: M. Racioppi, S.K. Moosavi, F.P. Bizzarri, E. Scarciglia, P. Russo, G. Palermo, I. Sparagna, A.R. Allitto, C. Ciccarese, L. Tagliaferri, L. Boldrini, M.A. Gambacorta, V. Valentini, G. Tortora, R. Iacovelli
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Patient and physician preferences for treatments of metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer
Authors: E. Castro, R. Jones, S. Machtens, H. Uemura, K. Mclaurin, N. Yeh, S. Payne, T. Cain, H. Collacott, F. Gabriela, S. Heidenreich, A. Morgans
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Incidence and management of radiation cystitis after pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Analysis from a national database
Authors: E. Bologna, L.C. Licari, A. Franco, F. Ditonno, C. Manfredi, C. De Nunzio, A. Antonelli, G. Simone, M. De Sio, S.D. Pandolfo, E.E. Cherullo, R. Autorino
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Cost effectiveness of prostate cancer testing incorporating Stockholm3 and MRI versus standard of care
Authors: O. Mcleod, T. Palsdottir, J. Walz, D. Tilki, A. Briganti, A. Stabile, M.N. Vigmostad, A. Mortezavi, A. Elyan, T. Dudderidge, H. Grönberg, H.T. Vigneswaran
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA reveals outcomes and genomic alterations in patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma undergoing CAR T-cell therapy
Authors: Hesong Zou, Wei Liu, Xiaojuan Wang, Yi Wang, Chunyang Wang, Chen Qiu, Huimin Liu, Dandan Shan, Ting Xie, Wenyang Huang, Weiwei Sui, Shuhua Yi, Gang An, Yan Xu, Tonghui Ma, Jianxiang Wang, Lugui Qiu, Dehui Zou
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Over 50% of patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma (r/r LBCL) receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR19) T-cell therapy fail to achieve durable remission. Early identification of relapse or progression remains a significant challenge. In this study, we prospectively investigate the prognostic value of dynamic circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and track genetic evolution non-invasively, for the first time in an Asian population of r/r patients undergoing CAR19 T-cell therapy. Methods Longitudinal plasma samples were prospectively collected both before lymphodepletion and at multiple timepoints after CAR19 T-cell infusion. ctDNA was detected using a capture-based next-generation sequencing which has been validated in untreated LBCL. Results The study enrolled 23 patients with r/r LBCL and collected a total of 101 ctDNA samples. Higher pretreatment ctDNA levels were associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (p=0.031) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.023). Patients with undetectable ctDNA negative (ctDNA–) at day 14 (D14) achieved an impressive 3-month complete response rate of 77.8% vs 22.2% (p=0.015) in patients with detectable ctDNA positive (ctDNA+), similar results observed for D28. CtDNA– at D28 predicted significantly longer 1-year PFS (90.9% vs 27.3%; p=0.004) and OS (90.9% vs 49.1%; p=0.003) compared with patients who remained ctDNA+. Notably, it is the first time to report that shorter ctDNA fragments (&lt;170 base pairs) were significantly associated with poorer PFS (p=0.031 for D14; p=0.002 for D28) and OS (p=0.013 for D14; p=0.008 for D28) in patients with LBCL receiving CAR T-cell therapy. Multiple mutated genes exhibited an elevated prevalence among patients with progressive disease, including TP53 , IGLL5 , PIM1 , BTG1 , CD79B , GNA13 , and P2RY8 . Notably, we observed a significant correlation between IGLL5 mutation and inferior PFS (p=0.008) and OS (p=0.014). Conclusions Our study highlights that dynamic ctDNA monitoring during CAR T-cell therapy can be a promising non-invasive method for early predicting treatment response and survival outcomes. Additionally, the ctDNA mutational profile provides novel insights into the mechanisms of tumor-intrinsic resistance to CAR19 T-cell therapy.
Suppressed <scp>IgG4</scp> class switching in dupilumab‐ and <scp>TNF</scp> inhibitor‐treated patients after <scp>mRNA</scp> vaccination
Authors: Anika M. Valk, Jim B. D. Keijser, Koos P. J. van Dam, Eileen W. Stalman, Luuk Wieske, Maurice Steenhuis, Laura Y. L. Kummer, Phyllis I. Spuls, Marcel W. Bekkenk, Annelie H. Musters, Nicoline F. Post, Angela L. Bosma, Barbara Horváth, Dirk‐Jan Hijnen, Corine R. G. Schreurs, Zoé L. E. van Kempen, Joep Killestein, Adriaan G. Volkers, Sander W. Tas, Laura Boekel, Gerrit J. Wolbink, Sofie Keijzer, Ninotska I. L. Derksen, Melanie van Deelen, Gerard van Mierlo, Taco W. Kuijpers, Filip Eftimov, S. Marieke van Ham, Anja ten Brinke, Theo Rispens
Journal: Allergy (2024)

Abstract Background The noninflammatory immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) is linked to tolerance and is unique to humans. Although poorly understood, prolonged antigenic stimulation and IL‐4‐signaling along the T helper 2‐axis may be instrumental in IgG4 class switching. Recently, repeated SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination has been linked to IgG4 skewing. Although widely used immunosuppressive drugs have been shown to only moderately affect humoral responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination, the effect on IgG4 switching has not been investigated. Methods Here we study the impact of such immunosuppressive drugs, including the IL‐4 receptor‐blocking antibody dupilumab, on IgG4 skewing upon repeated SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination. Receptor‐binding domain (RBD) specific antibody responses were longitudinally measured in 600 individuals, including patients with immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases treated with a TNF inhibitor (TNFi) and/or methotrexate (MTX), dupilumab, and healthy/untreated controls, after repeated mRNA vaccination. Results We observed a substantial increase in the proportion of RBD‐specific IgG4 antibodies (median 21%) in healthy/untreated controls after third vaccination. This IgG4 skewing was profoundly reduced in dupilumab‐treated patients (&lt;1%). Unexpectedly, an equally strong suppression of IgG4 skewing was observed in TNFi‐treated patients (&lt;1%), whereas MTX caused a modest reduction (7%). RBD‐specific total IgG levels were hardly affected by these immunosuppressive drugs. Minimal skewing was observed, when primary vaccination was adenoviral vector‐based. Conclusions Our results imply a critical role for IL‐4/IL‐13 as well as TNF in vivo IgG4 class switching. These novel findings advance our understanding of IgG4 class switch dynamics, and may benefit humoral tolerance induction strategies, treatment of IgG4 pathologies and mRNA vaccine optimization.
Empagliflozin and risk of lower respiratory tract infection in heart failure with mildly reduced and preserved ejection fraction: An <scp>EMPEROR‐Preserved</scp> analysis
Authors: João Pedro Ferreira, Faiez Zannad, Milton Packer, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stuart J. Pocock, Francisco Vasques‐Nóvoa, Michael Böhm, Javed Butler, Stefan Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)
Detection of molecular recurrence in early-stage bladder cancer patients using a urinary tumor DNA assay after TransUrethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT)
Authors: R. Zhang, R. Hao, Z. Jingyu, J. Di, Q. Lei, X. Feng, J. Cancan, Z. Yue, Z. Xiaogang, P. Du, J. Shidong, C. Guanglei, C. Haige
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Oncologic outcomes in patients with variant histologies of upper tract urothelial cancer: Results from an international multicenter cohort
Authors: M. Pallauf, S.A. Fletcher, M. Rezaee, M. Roupret, S.A. Boorjian, A.M. Potretzke, H. Djaladat, A. Ghoreifi, F. Soria, A. Mari, R. Campi, Z-E. Khene, E. Kikuchi, M. Rink, K. Fujita, D. D’Andrea, J.L. Boormans, G. Ploussard, A. Breda, F. Abdollah, J.D. Raman, S.F. Shariat, B. Pradere, N. Singla
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Benchmarking Flemish centers for quality control indicators for transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
Authors: M. Akand, S. Van Bruwaene, K. Vander Eeckt, F. Baekelandt, R. Van Reusel, T. Muilwijk, L. Baekelandt, B. Van Cleynenbreugel, S. Joniau, F. Van Der Aa
Journal: European Urology (2024)
IgA-mediated control of host-microbial interaction during weaning reaction influences gut inflammation
Authors: Wenjie Tang, Yusen Wei, Zhixiang Ni, Kangwei Hou, Xin M. Luo, Haifeng Wang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The mechanisms of how host-microbe mutualistic relationships are established at weaning contingently upon B-cell surveillance remain inadequately elucidated. We found that CD138+ plasmacyte (PC)-mediated promotion of IgA response regulates the symbiosis between Bacteroides uniformis (B. uniformis) and the host during the weaning period. The IgA-skewed response of CD138+ PCs is essential for B. uniformis to occupy a defined gut luminal niche, thereby fostering stable colonization. Furthermore, B. uniformis within the natural gut niche was perturbed in the absence of IgA, resulting in exacerbated gut inflammation in IgA-deficient mice and weaned piglets. Thus, we propose that the priming and maintenance of intestinal IgA response from CD138+ PCs are required for host-microbial symbiosis, whereas the perturbation of which would enhance inflammation in weaning process.
Skin, gut, and lung barrier: Physiological interface and target of intervention for preventing and treating allergic diseases
Authors: Roberto Berni Canani, Marco Caminati, Laura Carucci, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The epithelial barriers of the skin, gut, and respiratory tract are critical interfaces between the environment and the host, and they orchestrate both homeostatic and pathogenic immune responses. The mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic and inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic oesophagitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma, are complex and influenced by the exposome, microbiome, individual genetics, and epigenetics. Here, we review the role of the epithelial barriers of the skin, digestive tract, and airways in maintaining homeostasis, how they influence the occurrence and progression of allergic and inflammatory conditions, how current treatments target the epithelium to improve symptoms of these disorders, and what the unmet needs are in the identification and treatment of epithelial disorders.
Clinical practice recommendations for kidney involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex: a consensus statement by the ERKNet Working Group for Autosomal Dominant Structural Kidney Disorders and the ERA Genes &amp; Kidney Working Group
Authors: Djalila Mekahli, Roman-Ulrich Müller, Matko Marlais, Tanja Wlodkowski, Stefanie Haeberle, Marta López de Argumedo, Carsten Bergmann, Luc Breysem, Carla Fladrowski, Elizabeth P. Henske, Peter Janssens, François Jouret, John Christopher Kingswood, Jean-Baptiste Lattouf, Marc Lilien, Geert Maleux, Micaela Rozenberg, Stefan Siemer, Olivier Devuyst, Franz Schaefer, David J. Kwiatkowski, Olivier Rouvière, John Bissler
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2024)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the presence of proliferative lesions throughout the body. Management of TSC is challenging because patients have a multifaceted systemic illness with prominent neurological and developmental impact as well as potentially severe kidney, heart and lung phenotypes; however, every organ system can be involved. Adequate care for patients with TSC requires a coordinated effort involving a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and support staff. This clinical practice recommendation was developed by nephrologists, urologists, paediatric radiologists, interventional radiologists, geneticists, pathologists, and patient and family group representatives, with a focus on TSC-associated kidney manifestations. Careful monitoring of kidney function and assessment of kidney structural lesions by imaging enable early interventions that can preserve kidney function through targeted approaches. Here, we summarize the current evidence and present recommendations for the multidisciplinary management of kidney involvement in TSC. Care for patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) should be coordinated by a multidisciplinary team. This Consensus Statement, which involved input from nephrologists, urologists, geneticists, radiologists, interventional radiologists and pathologists as well as patient representatives, provides an overview of TSC-associated kidney manifestations and outlines current recommendations for the management of kidney involvement in TSC.
Engineering stable and non-immunogenic immunoenzymes for cancer therapy via in situ generated prodrugs
Authors: Yi-Han Tseng, Hsuan-Pei Lin, Sung-Yao Lin, Bing-Mae Chen, Thanh Nguyet Nguyen Vo, Shih-Hung Yang, Yi-Chen Lin, Zeljko Prijovic, Andreas Czosseck, Yu-Lin Leu, Steve R Roffler
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Hairy cell leukemia 2024: Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and treatment—Annual updates in hematological malignancies
Authors: Xavier Troussard, Elsa Maître, Jérôme Paillassa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant (HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogenous group of mature lymphoid B-cell disorders characterized by the identification of hairy cells, a specific genetic profile, a different clinical course and the need for appropriate treatment.