tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P087: Effectiveness of Mass Media Campaigns for Improving Dietary Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ashkan Afshin, Ajibola I Abioye, Oluremi N Ajala, Anh B Nguyen, Kay C See, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2013)

BACKGROUND  Although mass media campaigns (MMC) are often used in attempts to influence diet, their effectiveness has not been systematically quantified.   OBJECTIVE  To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of MMC on dietary change.   Methods  Using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, we systematically searched PUBMED, manuscript citations, and related articles for original studies assessing the influence of MMC, in isolation or as part of multi-component strategies, on dietary habits. We included any interventional (randomized, quasi-experimental) or prospective cohort study. Studies were excluded if cross-sectional; only reporting on attitudes or knowledge; or limited to one specific organization (e.g., workplace, school). Data were extracted independently and in duplicate. Outcomes included change in diet (servings/d), % of population meeting specific diet target, and CVD risk factors including adiposity, BP, and blood lipids. Pooled estimates were calculated using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified sources of heterogeneity were analyzed using meta-regression; and publication bias by funnel plots and Begg’s test.   Results  From 855 identified studies, 14 interventional studies met inclusion criteria. These included 8 studies of MMC in isolation, and 4 studies of MMC as part of a multicomponent strategy. Campaigns were performed at local (n=8), regional (n=2), and national (n=4) levels, with durations from 1 month to 30 years. In adults, pooled estimates demonstrated that MMC, in isolation, increased fruit and vegetable intake by 0.25 servings/d (95% CI 0.15 - 0.35; n=5 studies), but did not significantly alter % meeting specific diet targets (n=4; prevalence ratio=1.20; 95% CI 0.93 - 1.55; n=4). Sustained national multicomponent strategies that included prominent MMC (n=3) were associated with reduced prevalence of hypertension (15% less, 95% CI 10, 21%) and hypercholesterolemia (61% less, 95% CI 40, 75%). In children, MMC as part of multicomponent community programs led to a nonsignificant trend toward reduced BMI z-score (-0.073, 95%CI: -0.149, 0.003; n=3). Too few studies reported on effectiveness of MMC on diet habits in children or other diet factors in adults. Heterogeneity was evident in these estimates, but meta-regression did not identify significant sources, including campaign level or duration. Evidence for publication bias was not seen.   CONCLUSIONS  Based on the available data, isolated MMC can effectively increase fruit and vegetable intake in adults, and when deployed in multicomponent strategies, can reduce CVD risk factors in adults and may reduce BMI in children. Effects appear modest, but would be important at the population level. Our findings also demonstrate certain gaps in the evidence and a need for further quasi-experimental studies of MMC.
Ethnicity is a key determinant of skin structure and composition
Authors: Abigail K Langton, Christopher Em Griffiths, N K Gibbs, M J Sherratt, Rachel Eb Watson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Times Cited: 0 Annual Meeting of the British-Society-of-Investigative-Dermatology Annual Meeting of the British-Society-for-Investigative-Dermatology APR 07-09, 2014 Newcastle, ENGLAND Newcastle Upon Tyne, ENGLAND British Soc Investigat Dermatol 0
A Phase 1b, Dose-Finding Study Of Ruxolitinib Plus Panobinostat In Patients With Primary Myelofibrosis (PMF), Post–Polycythemia Vera MF (PPV-MF), Or Post–Essential Thrombocythemia MF (PET-MF): Identification Of The Recommended Phase 2 Dose
Authors: Vincen t Ribrag, Claire N Harrison, Florian H Heidel, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Suddhasatta Acharyya, Song Mu, Tracy Liu, Denise Williams, Francis J Giles, Eibhlin Conneally, Thomas Kindler, Francesco Passamonti, Alessandro M Vannucchi
Journal: Blood (2013)
Reduced folat carrier gene status in colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer
Authors: T. Cil, A. Y. Tuzun, A. Altintas, S. Batum, A. Isikdogan, M. Yurt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13540 Background: Folates play a key role in one-carbon metabolism essential for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate and hence DNA replication. Folates and antifolates which cannot traverse membranes must use specific transport systems for their cellular uptake. Antifolates such as raltitrexed and pemetrexed which will be used for gastrointestinal system cancer patients treatment are divalent anions which predominantly use the reduced folate carrier (RFC) for their cellular uptake. The aim of this prospective study; was documenting RFC gene status in gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers in southeast region of Turkey. Methods: We were evaluated homozygote, heterozygote mutations of RFC (SLC19A1) and wild type of RFC in new diagnosis gastric, colorectal and pancreas cancer patients who presented at the medical oncology and gastroenterology divisions of the Dicle University Hospital in Turkey between the dates August 2007 and October 2008 in southeast region of Turkey. Results: We were evaluated gene status of RFC in 62 (50%) colorectal, 45 (36.3%) gastric and 17 (13.7%) pancreatic cancer patients. In colorectal cancer patients group; 28 (45.9%), 19 (31.1%), 14 (23%), in gastric cancer 29 (64.4%), 7 (15.6%), 9 (20%), in pancreatic cancer 11 (64.7%), 2 (11.8%), 4 (23.5%) heterozygote, homozygote and wild type gene status, respectively. These results have no statistically significant (p=0.209) in three different gastrointestinal cancer types. Conclusions: New generation antifolat chemotherapeutic drugs such as pemetrexed which is multitargeted antifolat and enters the cells via the RFC system has demonstrated activity in gastrointestinal cancers. We think that antifolat drugs will be used in colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer patients in standard treatment protocols and RFC gene status will be an important of antifolat drugs activity in these tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract P350: Completion of Cardiac Rehabilitation Reduces Hospital Admission Rates in Long Term Follow-up
Authors: Maria Sobolev, David Z Prince, Ju Gao, Cynthia Taub
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves exercise tolerance, quality of life, and mortality among patients with heart disease in short term follow-up. Less is known regarding the sustained benefits attributable to CR after 1 year. Hypothesis: CR attendees have decreased morbidity, represented by lower admission rates. Methods: A database of patients referred to CR between May 2001 and January 2011 was constructed. Data on gender, race, age, and attendance was collected. Completion of CR was designated as 36 sessions. Participants attending 1 to 35 sessions were excluded. All cause hospitalization was recorded from the date of primary cardiac diagnosis. Data was analyzed using a t-test to compare hospitalization rates between participants and non-participants. Baseline admission rates were compared. Results: 162 participants competed CR, 84 (52%) of minority race, 98 (60%) males, 95 (59%) were 65 or older. There were 229 non-participants, 147 (64%) of minority race, 147 (64%) males, 77 (34%) were 65 or older. Mean follow up time was 6 years. Completion of CR resulted in lower mean hospitalization rates (1.19 vs. 2.93, p = 0.001) in all groups: Caucasians 0.92 vs. 2.99 (p = 0.005), minorities 1.44 vs. 2.89 (p = 0.035), males 1.32 vs. 2.89 (p = 0.011), females 1.00 vs. 3.02 (p = 0.003), age 65 or older 0.96 vs. 3.96 (p = &lt;0.001). There was no difference in baseline mean hospitalization rates between participants and non-participants when comparing race or gender: non-participant Caucasians 2.99 vs. minorities 2.89 (p = 0.895), participant Caucasians 0.92 vs. minorities 1.44 (p = 0.246), non-participant males 2.87 vs. females 3.02 (p = 0.834), participant males 1.32 vs. females 1.00 (p=0.489). There was no difference in baseline mean hospitalization rates when comparing participants younger than 65 with 65 or older (1.52 vs. 0.96, p = 0.212). Non-participants 65 or older had significantly higher hospitalization rates than younger non-participants (3.96 vs. 2.33, p = 0.027). Conclusions: Long term follow-up of CR participants demonstrated a sustained morbidity benefit. Previous studies were limited to 1 year follow-up. Race, gender, and age did not influence morbidity, although participants older than 65 may have an additional morbidity reduction.
A Text-Book of Botany and Pharmacognosy.
Authors: Henry Kraemer
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supportive versus palliative care: What’s in a name? A survey of medical oncologists and mid-level providers
Authors: N. A. Fadul, A. Elsayem, E. Del Fabbro, J. L. Palmer, K. Swint, V. Poulter, Z. Li, E. Bruera
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

9637 Background: Palliative Care (PC) has been progressively adopted by American cancer centers, however, referrals to PC continue to occur late in the trajectory of illness. We hypothesize that the perceived association between the name PC and hospice is a barrier to early patient (pt) referral. The objectives of this study were to determine the perception of the impact of the name PC as compared to supportive care (SC) on pt referral and to determine whether there is an association between demographic factors and the perceptions of the two names by medical oncologists (MO) and their midlevel providers (MLP) (Advance Practice Nurses and Physician Assistants) in a comprehensive cancer center. Methods: We conducted a survey among a random sample of 100 MOs and 100 MLPs. We collected information on demographics, previous experience in palliative care, and attitudes and beliefs towards the impact of the name PC as compared to SC on patient referral. Results: 140/200 (70%) participants responded (74 MLPs and 66 MOs). Median age was 43 (34.5–50) and there were 83/140 (60%) females. MLPs and MOs agreed in their responses to most of the items. Table 1 summarizes the differences in perception of the two names divided by MO and MLP status. There were no significant associations between the perception of the two names and age (p=0.82), gender (p=0.35), or prior training in PC (p>0.99). Conclusions: The name PC was perceived by MOs and MLPs as more distressing and reducing hope to pts and families. MOs and MLPs significantly prefer the name SC and are more likely to refer pts on active primary (79 vs. 45%, p<0.0001) and advanced cancer (89 vs. 69%, p< 0.0001) treatments to a service named SC. Question PC (%) SC (%) *P MLP MO ALL* N=140 MLP MO ALL* N=140 I prefer this service name 11 (15) 16 (24) 27 (19) 49 (66) 31(47) 80 (57) <0.0001 I would use this service: For pts receiving active primary treatment 32 (45) 29 (44) 61 (45)** 61(84) 50 (76) 111(79) <0.0001 For pts receiving treatment for advanced cancer 53 (72) 43 (65) 96 (69)** 69 (93) 56 (85) 125(89) <0.0001 For pts in transition to end of life 63 (88) 64 (97) 127 (92)** 67 (93) 59 (89) 126 (91) 0.8296 This name causes distress to pts/families 20 (27) 26 (41) 46 (33) 3 (4) 2 (3) 5 (3) <0.0001 This name is a barrier for me to refer pts 20 (27) 12 (18) 32 (23) 5 (7) 4 (6) 9 (6) <0.0001 This name can decrease hope in pts/ families 30 (41) 31 (48) 61 (44) 10 (14) 5 (8) 15 (11) <0.0001 ** p<0.0001 No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Variations in the Form of the Jaws: With Special Reference to Their Etiology and Their Relation to the Occlusion of the Dental Arches.
Authors: James Sim. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15481: Statin Use and Plaque Morphology in South Asians and Non South Asians: a Coronary Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Amir Ahmadi, Saman Rezazadeh, Gilat Grunau, Reza Faraji, Sina Alipour, Brett Heilbron, Krishnan Ramanathan, Carolyn Taylor, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: To assess the association between the use of HMG Co A reductase inhibitors (statin medications) and coronary artery plaque morphology (PM) in South Asians (SA) vs. Non South Asians (NSA)...
Abstract 6215: Childhood Obesity In Two Communities - Relation to Health Habits and Resources
Authors: Taylor Eagle, Elizabeth A Jackson, Susan Aaronson, Catherine Fitzgerald, Lindsey Mitchell, Roopa Gurm, Jean DuRussel-Weston, Caren S Goldberg, Kim Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. Middle school children residing in a community with fewer resources may have less opportunity to be physically active or consume a healthy diet which may lead to an increased risk for obesity, and poorer baseline cardiovascular health. Methods. We compared health status of middle school students (average age 12 years) in two Michigan communities; Ann Arbor (AA) and an adjacent town, Ypsilanti (YPSI) (median household income 77,000 and 28,610, respectively). Blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported diet and physical activity habits were collected at baseline in students (n=733) from 5 AA and 2 YPSI middle schools. Results. The percentage of children receiving free lunch was higher among the YPSI children compared to the AA children (60% vs. 26%, p =0.01). More YPSI children were in the 95 th percentile for weight compared to the AA children (22.2% vs. 12.6%) and on average had a greater BMI (21.2 ± 4.8 vs. 19.9 ± 4.1, p =0.004) and LDL-cholesterol (99.9 ± 27.5 vs. 91.7 ± 26.9, p =0.005). Compared to AA children, the YPSI children were less likely to consume one or more servings of vegetables/day (67.7% vs. 80.6%, p =0.004) while no difference was observed in fruit consumption. Non-diet soft drink consumption was higher among the YPSI children compared to those from AA (45.9% vs. 30.8%, p =0.002). YPSI children were less likely to report attending a school-based physical education class in the past week (41.4% vs. 9.9%, p&lt;0.001) or to participate on a school-based sports team (65.4% vs. 38.3%, p&lt;0.001). The majority of children in both communities reported watching one or more hours of TV/day; however YPSI children were more likely to watch six or more hours/day compared to AA children (12.8% vs. 4.0%, p&lt;0.001). A similar pattern was observed for video games, with 11.3% of YPSI children reporting six or more hours/day of playing video games compared to 1.9% AA children (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions. We observed a marked difference in diet, physical activity habits and cardiovascular parameters among children from two neighboring communities with varying resources. The local and national response to childhood obesity must focus on these community resources in order to improve childhood health.
Manual of Pathology, Including Bacteriology, the Technic of Post-mortems, and Methods of Pathologic Research.
Authors: W. M. Late Coplin
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAFETY AND MOBILITY OF THE OLDER DRIVER
Authors: W A Ray
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Driving safety in the U.S. has substantially improved during the past 4 decades. The annual rate of traffic fatalities has decreased from 7.59 per 100 million miles driven in 1950 to 2.15 by 1990. This greater than 3-fold reduction has largely been attributable to the twin strategies of improving vehicle safety, such as better occupant crash protection systems, and reducing behavioral risk factors, such as alcohol use. However, it now may be time for a paradigm shift in safety policy, given the looming collision between what appears to be an irresistible force and an immovable object. The irresistible force is the rapid growth in the number of older drivers, who are more likely to have age-related functional impairments that may compromise driving safety. The immovable object is the nearly universal reliance on driving for mobility in the U.S. To be effective, future traffic safety policy will require a quantitative understanding of how these impairments affect on-road driving.
The Fate of Spontaneous Mammary Carcinomas in Mice After Simple Biopsy
Authors: R. Lewisohn, C. Leuchtenberger, R. Leuchtenberger, D. Laszlo
Journal: Cancer Research (1941)

In a previous paper ( i ) we reported the disappearance of 38 spontaneous mammary carcinomas in mice which had been treated intravenously with spleen or yeast extracts. These 38 mice represented 3 ~ per cent of the treated animals. No direct treatment had been applied. We understand that direct treatment means injection into the tumor or treatment with x-rays or radium. Indirect treatment consists of intravenous, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous injections, or oral administration. When we started our work with spontaneous tumors (strain A, Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory), we believed that biopsies might not be necessary. However, after we had worked with this strain for awhile and after consultation with Dr. C. C. Little, we came to the conclusion that biopsies were essential. Therefore, we excluded from our statistics all previous cases which had been treated and healed without preceding biopsies. Since March, i939, we have performed a biopsy in every animal. The technic of the biopsy is very simple. The animal is anesthetized with ether and a minute incision is made through the skin. A small particle of the tumor is removed either with a curved scissors or with a scalpel. The skin incision is so small that it is unnecessary to close the opening with sutures. The opening closes automatically. A drop of tincture of iodine is applied to the place of the incision. Even that may be unnecessary. The incision heals in a very short time. The importance of these biopsies is evident from the fact that among 712 biopsies performed in this laboratory on mice of strain A, 99 (I3 per cent) proved to be nonmalignant (cysts, abscesses) or doubtful cases. Among the doubtful cases we included biopsies in which the small amount of tissue made a definite diagnosis of malignancy impossible. We have always removed very minute pieces of tumor tissue for diagnosis, in order to meet possible criticism that the biopsy might cause disappearance of the tumor. An extensive experience extending over a number
Developing Clinical Problem-Solving Skills: A Guide to More Effective Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Howard S. Barrows, Garfield C. Pickell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

The transformation from medical student to physician is a gradual one, requiring the assimilation of vast amounts of knowledge as well as the development of the ability to think like a doctor. The thought processes that enable a physician to think like a doctor are perhaps the most difficult skills the clinician-in-training must acquire in medical school and residency. In this extraordinary book, Dr. Howard Barrows, one of the world's foremost medical educators, beautifully and simply articulates those mental processes that allow accomplished physicians to reach diagnostic conclusions with speed and confidence. Students who master the contents of this book will take a long step forward in acquiring the diagnostic skills that are the hallmark of the experienced physician.
Dual TNF-α/IL-12p40 Interference as a Strategy to Protect Against Colitis Based on miR-16 Precursors With Macrophage Targeting Vectors
Authors: Zhen Huang, Junting Ma, Mengjie Chen, Haoyang Jiang, Yong Fu, Jingjing Gan, Lei Dong, Junfeng Zhang, Jiangning Chen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Cytokines are central components of the mucosal inflammatory responses that take place during the development of Crohn's disease. Cell-specific combination therapies against cytokines may lead to increased efficacy and even reduced side effects. Therefore, a colonic macrophage-specific therapy using miR-16 precursors that can target both TNF-α and IL-12p40 was tested for its efficacy in experimental colitic mice. Galactosylated low molecular weight chitosan (G-LMWC) associated with miR-16 precursors were intracolonically injected into mice. The cellular localization of miR-16 precursors was determined. The therapeutic effects and possible mechanism were further studied in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitic mice. The results show that specific upregulation of miR-16 level in colonic macrophages significantly reduces TNF-α and IL-12p40 expression, which could suppress the associated mucosal inflammation and ultimately result in the relief of colitic symptoms. This strategy, based on the dual silencing of colonic macrophage-specific cytokines, represents a potential therapeutic approach that may be valuable for colitis therapy.