tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Design, evaluation, and in vitro–in vivo correlation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems to improve the oral absorption of exenatide
Authors: Ramakrishnan Venkatasubramanian, Passant M Al-Maghrabi, Oscar Alavi, Tania Lind, Philip Jonas Sassene, Jacob J K Kirkensgaard, Pablo Mota-Santiago, Thomas Rades, Anette Müllertz
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)

The ability to predict the absorption of exenatide (Ex), a GLP-1 analogue, after oral dosing to rats in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), using in vitro methods, was assessed. Ex was complexed with soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC) prior to loading into SNEDDS. A design of experiments (DoE) approach was employed to develop SNEDDS incorporating medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), medium-chain mono- and diglycerides (MGDG), Kolliphor® RH40, and monoacyl phosphatidylcholine. SNEDDS with higher proportions of MGDG and Kolliphor® RH40 demonstrated a 9-fold reduction in droplet size (230 to 26 nm), a 1.5-fold decrease in lipolysis (0.23 to 0.34 mmol of FFA), and a 2-fold enhancement in exenatide protection against proteolysis (73 % to 38 %) compared to those with higher MCT content. Permeability studies in Caco-2 cells showed that SNEDDS with higher proportion of MGDG displayed a 40-fold increase in apparent permeability of FD4, when compared to SNEDDS with higher proportion of MCT. An oral gavage study in rats revealed a 1.8-fold higher absorption of Ex in SNEDDS with a higher proportion of MGDG and Kolliphor®RH40 compared to SNEDDS with higher MCT. These results establish a clear in vitro-in vivo correlation, demonstrating that the selected in vitro methods effectively differentiated formulations with high and low absorption of exenatide after oral dosing in rats.
Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia
Authors: Dieter Haffner, Francesco Emma, Lothar Seefried, Wolfgang Högler, Kassim M. Javaid, Detlef Bockenhauer, Justine Bacchetta, Deborah Eastwood, Martin Biosse Duplan, Dirk Schnabel, Philippe Wicart, Gema Ariceta, Elena Levtchenko, Pol Harvengt, Martha Kirchhoff, Oliver Gardiner, Federico Di Rocco, Catherine Chaussain, Maria Luisa Brandi, Lars Savendahl, Karine Briot, Peter Kamenický, Lars Rejnmark, Agnès Linglart
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2025)
Decoding the blueprint of receptor binding by filoviruses through large-scale binding assays and machine learning
Authors: Gorka Lasso, Michael Grodus, Estefania Valencia, Veronica DeJesus, Eliza Liang, Isabel Delwel, Rob H Bortz, Dmitry Lupyan, Hanna Y Ehrlich, Adrian A Castellanos, Andrea Gazzo, Heather L Wells, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Alexandre Tremeau-Bravard, Janine F R Seetahal, Tom Hughes, Jimmy Lee, Mei-Ho Lee, Anna R Sjodin, Marike Geldenhuys, Marinda Mortlock, Isamara Navarrete-Macias, Kirsten Gilardi, Michael R Willig, Alessandra F D Nava, Elisabeth H Loh, Makda Asrat, Tierra Smiley-Evans, Walter S Magesa, Sijali Zikankuba, David Wolking, Gerardo Suzán, Rafael Ojeda-Flores, Christine V F Carrington, Ariful Islam, Jonathan H Esptein, Wanda Markotter, Christine K Johnson, Tracey Goldstein, Barbara A Han, Jonna A K Mazet, Rohit K Jangra, Kartik Chandran, Simon J Anthony
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2025)
A triad of somatic mutagenesis converges in self-reactive B cells to cause a virus-induced autoimmune disease
Authors: Clara Young, Mandeep Singh, Katherine J L Jackson, Matt A Field, Timothy J Peters, Stefano Angioletti-Uberti, Daan Frenkel, Shyamsundar Ravishankar, Money Gupta, Jing J Wang, David Agapiou, Megan L Faulks, Ghamdan Al-Eryani, Fabio Luciani, Tom P Gordon, Joanne H Reed, Mark Danta, Andrew Carr, Anthony D Kelleher, Gregory J Dore, Gail Matthews, Robert Brink, Rowena A Bull, Dan Suan, Christopher C Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (2025)

The unexplained association between infection and autoimmune disease is strongest for hepatitis C virus-induced cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (HCV-cryovas). To analyze its origins, we traced the evolution of pathogenic rheumatoid factor (RF) autoantibodies in four HCV-cryovas patients by deep single-cell multi-omic analysis, revealing three sources of B cell somatic mutation converged to drive the accumulation of a large disease-causing clone. A method for quantifying low-affinity binding revealed recurring antibody variable domain combinations created by V(D)J recombination that bound self-immunoglobulin G (IgG) but not viral E2 antigen. Whole-genome sequencing revealed thousands of somatic mutations, numerically comparable to chronic lymphocytic leukemia and normal memory B cells, but with 1-2 corresponding to driver mutations found recurrently in B cell leukemia and lymphoma. V(D)J hypermutation created autoantibodies with compromised solubility in complex with self-IgG. In this virus-induced autoimmune disease, infection promotes a catastrophic confluence of somatic mutagenesis in the descendants of a single B cell.
Expanding Palliative Care Access—Bridging Gaps in Diverse Clinical Settings
Authors: Hermioni L. Amonoo, Preeti N. Malani, Stephen M. Schenkel
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Turning Stress Into Success—Surgery as Professional Sport
Authors: Steven Yule, Jennifer Yule, Calum Arthur
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Stigma in Young People
Authors: Marcelo A. Crockett, Daniel Núñez, Pablo Martínez, Francesca Borghero, Susana Campos, Álvaro I. Langer, Jimena Carrasco, Vania Martínez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Mental health stigma is a considerable barrier to help-seeking among young people. Objective To systematically review and meta-analyze randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of interventions aimed at reducing mental health stigma in young people. Data Sources Comprehensive searches were conducted in the CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases from inception to February 27, 2024. Search terms included “stigma,” “mental health,” “mental disorders,” “adolescents,” “youth,” and “randomized controlled trial.” Study Selection Inclusion criteria encompassed RCTs involving interventions aimed at reducing mental health stigma among young people (aged 10-24 years). Studies had to report outcomes related to stigma or help-seeking behaviors. Exclusion criteria included grey literature and studies without results. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted independently by 7 authors (M.A.C., D.N., F.B., S.C., Á.I.L., J.C., V.M.) using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Three-level multivariate meta-analyses were conducted to account for within-study correlations and to maximize data use. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) (Hedges g ) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated. The data analysis was conducted from May 30 through July 4, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included stigma-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and general stigma. Help-seeking outcomes were categorized into attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Secondary outcomes included self-efficacy and empowerment. Results A total of 97 studies were included in the systematic review, representing 43 852 young people (mean [IQR] age, 18.7 [15.8-21.3] years; mean [IQR] females, 59.2% [49.4%-72.0%]), and 74 studies were included in 3-level multivariate meta-analyses. Significant short-term effect sizes were found for stigma-related knowledge (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.43-0.89), attitudes (SMD, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.56), behaviors (SMD, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13-0.45), and general stigma (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06-0.34) and for help-seeking attitudes (SMD, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09-0.28) and intentions (SMD, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07-0.21). Social contact interventions had a greater influence on stigma-related behaviors than did educational approaches. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that interventions to reduce mental health stigma among youth are beneficial in the short term. Further high-quality RCTs with long-term follow-up are needed to better understand and enhance these interventions’ outcomes.
Misspelled Author’s Name
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

David Martinez-Gomez, PhD; Mengyun Luo, PhD; Yu Huang, PhD; Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo, MD, PhD; Ulf Ekelund, PhD; Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, PhD; Ding Ding, PhD; Xiang-Qian Lao, MD, PhD; Verónica Cabanas-Sánchez, PhD
Effective Deimplementation of Low-Value Preoperative Testing
Authors: Margaret E. Smith, Alex B. Haynes
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Insights Into Opportunistic Lung Cancer Screening for Individuals Who Have Never Smoked
Authors: Roger Y. Kim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Yeon Wook Kim, MD, PhD; Dong-Hyun Joo, MD; So Yeon Kim, MD; Young Sik Park, MD, PhD; Sowon Jang, MD; Jong Hyuk Lee, MD; Gerard A. Silvestri, MD, MS; Marjolein A. Heuvelmans, MD, PhD; Jihang Kim, MD, PhD; Hyeontaek Hwang, MD; Choon-Taek Lee, MD, PhD
Genetic Predisposition to Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Akshaya Ravi, Satoshi Koyama, So Mi Jemma Cho, Sara Haidermota, Whitney Hornsby, Patrick T. Ellinor, Pradeep Natarajan
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Importance Treatment to lower high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces incident coronary artery disease (CAD) risk but modestly increases the risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). The extent to which genetic factors across the cholesterol spectrum are associated with incident T2D is not well understood. Objective To investigate the association of genetic predisposition to increased LDL-C levels with incident T2D risk. Design, Setting, and Participants In this large prospective, population-based cohort study, UK Biobank participants who underwent whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping were included. Participants were separated into 7 groups with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), predicted loss of function (pLOF) in APOB or PCSK9 variants, and LDL-C polygenic risk score (PRS) quintiles. Data were collected between 2006 and 2010, with a median follow-up of 13.7 (IQR, 12.9-14.5) years. Data were analyzed from March 1 to November 1, 2024. Exposures LDL-C level, LDL-C PRS, FH, or pLOF variant status. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for age, sex, genotyping array, lipid-lowering medication use, and the first 10 genetic principal components were fitted to assess the association between LDL-C genetic factors and incident T2D and CAD risks. Results Among the 361 082 participants, mean (SD) age was 56.8 (8.0) years, 194 751 (53.9%) were female, and mean (SD) baseline LDL-C level was 138.0 (33.6) mg/dL. During the follow-up period, 22 619 (6.3%) participants developed incident T2D and 17 966 (5.0%) developed incident CAD. The hazard ratio for incident T2D was lowest in the FH group (0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.77), while the highest risk was in the pLOF group (1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.86). The association between LDL-C PRS and incident T2D was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66-0.79) for very high LDL-C PRS, 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84-0.90) for high LDL-C PRS, 1.13 (95% CI, 1.09-1.17) for low LDL-C PRS, and 1.26 (95% CI, 1.15-1.38) for very low LDL-C PRS. CAD risk increased directly with the LDL-C PRS. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, LDL-C and T2D risks were inversely associated across genetic mechanisms for LDL-C variation. Further elucidation of the mechanisms associating low LDL-C risk with increased risk of T2D is warranted.
Errors in Abstract Results
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines in PreventingSecondary Infections in Households," 1 published November 21, 2024, there were errors in the Abstract Results.The Abstract Results stated that the overall secondary infection risk of influenza among household contacts was 18.8%, but it should have stated that the overall secondary infection risk of influenza among unvaccinated household contacts was 18.8%.In addition, the Abstract Results stated the overall estimated VE for preventing secondary infections among unvaccinated household contacts was 21.0%, but it should have stated that the overall estimated VE for preventing secondary infections among household contacts was 21.0%.This article has been corrected.
Tranexamic Acid in General Surgery—Who Benefits the Most?
Authors: Marjorie Liggett, Hasan Alam
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Artificial Intelligence–Guided Lung Ultrasound by Nonexperts
Authors: Cristiana Baloescu, John Bailitz, Baljash Cheema, Ravi Agarwala, Madeline Jankowski, Onyinyechi Eke, Rachel Liu, Jason Nomura, Lori Stolz, Luna Gargani, Eren Alkan, Tyler Wellman, Nripesh Parajuli, Andrew Marra, Yngvil Thomas, Daven Patel, Evelyn Schraft, James O’Brien, Christopher L. Moore, Michael Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Lung ultrasound (LUS) aids in the diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, including those with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, but requires technical proficiency for image acquisition. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in guiding novice users to acquire high-quality cardiac ultrasound images, suggesting its potential for broader use in LUS. To evaluate the ability of AI to guide acquisition of diagnostic-quality LUS images by trained health care professionals (THCPs). In this multicenter diagnostic validation study conducted between July 2023 and December 2023, participants aged 21 years or older with shortness of breath recruited from 4 clinical sites underwent 2 ultrasound examinations: 1 examination by a THCP operator using Lung Guidance AI and the other by a trained LUS expert without AI. The THCPs (including medical assistants, respiratory therapists, and nurses) underwent standardized AI training for LUS acquisition before participation. Lung Guidance AI software uses deep learning algorithms guiding LUS image acquisition and B-line annotation. Using an 8-zone LUS protocol, the AI software automatically captures images of diagnostic quality. The primary end point was the proportion of THCP-acquired examinations of diagnostic quality according to a panel of 5 masked expert LUS readers, who provided remote review and ground truth validation. The intention-to-treat analysis included 176 participants (81 female participants [46.0%]; mean [SD] age, 63 [14] years; mean [SD] body mass index, 31 [8]). Overall, 98.3% (95% CI, 95.1%-99.4%) of THCP-acquired studies were of diagnostic quality, with no statistically significant difference in quality compared to LUS expert-acquired studies (difference, 1.7%; 95% CI, -1.6% to 5.0%). In this multicenter validation study, THCPs with AI assistance achieved LUS images meeting diagnostic standards compared with LUS experts without AI. This technology could extend access to LUS to underserved areas lacking expert personnel. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05992324.
Exploring the Skin Microbiome in Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia
Authors: Alexandra Firek, Peng Hou, Jungmin Han, Cassandra J. Holmes, Grace Suh, Cheri Frey, Heidi H. Kong, Leslie Castelo-Soccio
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This study compares the scalp microbiome composition of women who self-reported as Black and of African descent with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia with matched healthy controls.
Prevalence of and Inequities in Poor Mental Health Across 3 US Surveys, 2011 to 2022
Authors: Emily Wright, Emily C. Dore, Karestan C. Koenen, Christina Mangurian, David R. Williams, Rita Hamad
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This survey study uses 3 nationally representative US surveys to evaluate the prevalence of poor mental health overall and by age, sex, and race and ethnicity.
Acne Relapse and Isotretinoin Retrial in Patients With Acne
Authors: Jenny Lai, John S. Barbieri
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Importance Isotretinoin is the only medical acne treatment capable of inducing acne remission; however, some patients experience acne relapse and require retrials of isotretinoin. There is a need to understand who is most at risk and how daily dose and cumulative dosage can influence outcomes. Objective To assess rates of acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial and to identify associated factors among patients with acne who received an isotretinoin treatment course. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used data from the MarketScan commercial claims database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, to identify patients with acne who were 12 years or older and had received isotretinoin for 4 months or longer, with at least 1 year of continuous enrollment after completion of isotretinoin. Data analyses were performed from June 30, 2024, to August 1, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to quantify associations of patient demographic and treatment characteristics with acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial. Results A total of 19 907 patients (mean [SD] age, 20.6 [7.8] years; 10 504 females [52.8%]) were included, among whom 4482 (22.5%) had acne relapse and 1639 (8.2%) had isotretinoin retrial. Female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.35-1.52) was significantly associated with increased rates of acne relapse, and isotretinoin cumulative dosage (mg/kg) was associated with a decreased rate of acne relapse (HR, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.995-0.997). Furthermore, daily dose was not associated with decreased risk of acne relapse or isotretinoin retrial among those with conventional and high cumulative dosages. Female sex (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.76) and isotretinoin cumulative dosage (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99) were associated with decreased rates of isotretinoin retrial. Stratification by cumulative dosage indicated that higher cumulative dosage was associated with decreased rates of retrial among patients with low (&amp;amp;lt;120 mg/kg) and conventional (120-220 mg/kg), but not high (&amp;amp;gt;220 mg/kg) cumulative dosage. Maximum daily dose (mg/kg/d) was not negatively associated with acne relapse or isotretinoin retrial in patients with cumulative dosage of 120 mg/kg or more. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that higher cumulative dosage may potentially reduce risk of acne relapse and isotretinoin retrial. Furthermore, daily dose was not associated with decreased risk of the outcomes for conventional and high cumulative dosage; therefore, daily dosing could be individualized to patient goals and preferences.