tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of oral cancer
Authors: I. Kunkler, G Cox, C Alcock, R Corbridge
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Four cases of human infection with <i>Achromobacter anitratus,</i> one of which was fatal, are described. They all occurred at one hospital within a period of two months. The bacteriology, antibiotic sensitivity, and pathogenicity of the organisms are discussed. One of the strains was found to differ from the other three.
SPECIALIZATION IN INTERNAL MEDICINE
Authors: William B. Breed
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 October 1940SPECIALIZATION IN INTERNAL MEDICINEWILLIAM B. BREED, M.D., F.A.C.P.WILLIAM B. BREED, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-4-711 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptExamination of the roster of our College reveals that most of us are practitioners of internal medicine, indicating that we are primarily interested in the diagnosis and treatment of all medical diseases. Merely by being Fellows in this College, we not only avow such interest, but assert our ability to solve diagnostic problems and to undertake the treatment of patients. Of course, as the pathologist so often attests, all of us are diagnostically vulnerable, and therefore cannot claim infallibility; but in the main, most of you will, I think, agree with this description of our membership.Let us break down...Bibliography1. JONES CM: Trans. Am. Gastro-enterol. Assoc., 1937. Google Scholar2. BURWELL CS: The postgraduate portion of medical education, ANN. INT. MED., 1939, xiii, 339-344. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Read at the Cleveland meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 1, 1940. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1940Volume 14, Issue 4Page: 711-716KeywordsPathologistsPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
Devaluing clinical skills
Authors: I. L P Beales, J. Savill, I. Reid, P. Wilmshurst
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Investigating allegations of research misconduct Worst outcome of Griffiths report would be that research becomes increasingly difficultEditor-The Griffiths report contained a critique of two specific research projects and proposals on the regulation of research generally.Hey and Chalmers express no view on these proposals. 1However, the accompanying editorial by Smith agrees with the report's main recommendations on the need for better research governance in the NHS without citing supporting evidence.The Griffiths report made three main recommendations which could inhibit clinical research.Firstly, concern about consent for research at times of stress.Most intensive care research requires consent at times of stress and if the researchers waited this research would be impossible.The financial cost of the suggested consent from a third party would inhibit research.Secondly, the inquiry stated that brain damage could not be reliably assessed at a short period of follow up and was critical that follow up was determined by the amount of funding available.To place a requirement that all research in children involves long term follow up studies would abolish much research.The resources required are not addressed.Thirdly, trusts should ensure that arrangements are in place for active monitoring of the progress of research.There is no indication that new funding will be available for this.Furthermore, "research involving vulnerable groups should be subject to an even greater degree of independent supervision than clinical research in general."Not for the first time will there be the paradox of well-meaning discrimination against children.This has been the case for trials of new drugs, in which the perceived obstacles deter research in children. 2 The Department of Health's draft research governance "to protect participants, improve quality and stop research fraud" gives no evidence of the magnitude of these problems and does not discuss the resource implications of implementation. 3"There are already powerful incentives to adhere to many of the principles" in the framework, including the law, duty of care, and high professional standards of researchers.No evidence is quoted to assess how often these safeguards fail.Unreferenced "recent enquiries into adverse incidents relating to research" are inadequate justification.Patients must be protected from inappropriate research, and informed consent must be obtained.However, extrapolating from the Griffiths report to clinical research throughout the United Kingdom must be thought through.Currently, 40% of drugs prescribed for children are not licensed, 4 partly because of the existing deterrents to research in children.More hurdles are likely to inhibit research further, 5 and ultimately it is children particularly who will suffer.
Does measurement of troponin T add to ability to stratify risk?
Authors: R L. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Most cases of early-onset primary torsion dystonia (PTD) are caused by the same three–base pair (bp) (GAG) deletion in the <i>DYT1</i> gene. Exon rearrangements are a common mutation type in other genes and have not yet been tested for in <i>DYT1</i>. Several lines of evidence suggest a relationship of the <i>DYT1</i> gene with Parkinson disease (PD). <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate the frequency and type of <i>DYT1</i> mutations and explore the associated phenotypes in a mixed movement disorders patient cohort and in controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The authors screened 197 patients with dystonia (generalized: n = 5; focal/segmental: n = 126; myoclonus-dystonia: n = 34; neuroleptic-induced: n = 32), 435 with PD, and 42 with various other movement disorders, along with 812 healthy controls, for small deletions in exon 5 of <i>DYT1</i> and tested for exon rearrangements by quantitative, duplex PCR in 51 GAG deletion-negative dystonia cases. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The GAG deletion was detected in five patients: three with early-onset PTD, one with generalized jerky or clonic dystonia, and one with generalized dystonia and additional features (developmental delay, pyramidal syndrome). A novel out-of-frame four-bp deletion (934_937delAGAG) in exon 5 of the <i>DYT1</i> gene was found in a putatively healthy blood donor. No exon rearrangements were identified in <i>DYT1</i>. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In this mixed patient sample, the GAG deletion was rare and in two out of five cases associated with an unusual phenotype. In addition, a novel <i>DYT1</i> truncating mutation of unknown clinical relevance was found in a putatively unaffected individual. <i>DYT1</i> exon rearrangements, however, do not seem to be associated with PTD.
Abstract P129: Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in Remote Postconditioning in Humans
Authors: Rupert P Williams, Michael I Okorie, Harminder Gill, John E Deanfield, Raymond J MacAllister, Stavros P Loukogeorgakis
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Brief periods of ischaemia activate systemic mechanisms that induce whole-body tolerance to subsequent prolonged and injurious ischaemia. This phenomenon, remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC), is sufficiently acute to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury even when applied simultaneously with injurious ischaemia. This aspect of RIPC is termed remote postconditioning (RPostC). We have previously demonstrated a role for the autonomic nervous system in RIPC. Using an in vivo model of endothelial IR injury, we determined if RPostC is dependent on adrenergic autonomic mechanisms. Vascular ultrasound was used to assess endothelial function in healthy volunteers by measuring dilatation of the brachial artery in response to increased blood flow during reactive hyperaemia (flow-mediated dilatation; FMD). Endothelial IR injury was induced by 20 min of upper limb ischaemia (inflation of a blood pressure cuff to 200 mm Hg) followed by reperfusion. RPostC was induced by applying 2 cycles of 5 minutes ischaemia and 5 minutes reperfusion on the leg during arm ischaemia (via a second blood pressure cuff). In order to determine the dependence of RPostC on autonomic activation, we administered the alpha adrenoceptor blocker phentolamine (0.2– 0.7mg/min, intravenously) during the application of the RPostC stimulus. FMD was determined before ischaemia and at 20 minutes of reperfusion. FMD (percentage change from baseline diameter) was compared statistically by ANOVA. IR alone caused a significant reduction in FMD (5.9±0.7% pre- versus 2.2±0.4% post-IR, n=9, P&lt;0.001). This reduction was prevented by RPostC (5.8±0.4% pre- versus 5.4±0.3% post-IR, n=8, P&gt;0.05). Systemic phentolamine blocked the protective effects of RPostC (FMD 6.1±0.5% pre- versus 2.0±0.3% post-IR, n=7, P&lt;0.001). These data indicate, for the first time in humans, that protection from RPostC depends on preservation of adrenergic signalling. Alpha blockade neutralises one of the endogenous mechanisms of ischemic protection in humans; the clinical consequences of this remain to be determined.
Snakebite
Authors: Janet M Torpy, Laura A Schwartz, Robert M Golub
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Many types of snakes exist in all parts of the world and live in close quarters with humans. More than 20 000 persons worldwide die of snakebites every year. Many snakebite injuries are preventable with greater education about snakes and how to avoid them. A snakebite is a medical emergency.
Presidential Address American College of Physicians
Authors: S. Marx White
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 June 1932Presidential Address American College of PhysiciansS. MARX WHITE, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.S. MARX WHITE, B.S., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-12-1540 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSelection by you as president for a year has allowed me to follow in the footsteps of men notable in medicine in this country. For the opportunity I am grateful. The honor brings with it great responsibilities.This is the second meeting for which the president has been given the responsibility for the program of the General Sessions. This change was made two years ago in the belief that the president, using the prestige of his office, would have a more ready response from invited guests, domestic or foreign, and would have the opportunity to use speakers of his own... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minnesota*Delivered at the San Francisco Session of the American College of Physicians, April 6, 1932. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1932Volume 5, Issue 12Page: 1540-1551 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P144: Bioinformatic Profiling of the Transcriptional Response of Adult Porcine Bone Marrow Stem Cell during Exposure to Hypoxia
Authors: Suna Wang, Yifu Zhou, Xiuli Xu, Timothy Hunt, Robert F Hoyt, Keith A Horvath
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Cell-based transplantation therapy in a large animal model has been shown to improve angiogenesis and function of ischemic myocardium. These improvements may be due to the endothelial progenitor cells from bone marrow derived stem cells (BMC) generated under ischemic or hypoxic conditions. However the molecular activities of porcine BMC (PBMC) are largely unknown. Thus, a comprehensive gene expression pattern for PBMC is needed to advance the preclinical work necessary for future human treatment. Methods: Fifteen PBMC were cultured in the medium of EGM 2 for 4 weeks, and then incubated either in a monitored hypoxic chamber (1% O2, 5% CO2) (H) or in normal culture conditions (normoxia, N) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs. Twenty RNAs comprising 5 Ns and 15 Hs (6, 12 and 24hr) were hybridized to Affymetrix Porcine arrays. An additional 40 samples were prepared for data confirmation by qRTPCR and Western blot. Data normalization and pattern recognition in each of these subgroups were achieved using R package 2.4 and GeneSpringGX. Homologous gene search and functional classification based on NCBI Pig Genomic Resources and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 2007. Results: Significant gene expression levels among the four groups were identified. The patterns of three hypoxia (H) groups were clearly distinct from that of normoxia (N) group. However, the expression pattern of 12hr H was more similar to 24hr H than that of 6hr H. Of 23,928 probes, 394 genes were statistically regulated rapidly in 6hr Hs vs. Ns, including HIF2alpha, VEGFA, PDGFA, ANGPT2, CXCL14 and PGD. Only 182 genes were modulated in 12hr Hs, but 84% (152/182) of the genes appeared either with 6hr or 24hr H groups. 227 genes were significantly over- or down- regulated in 24hr Hs, among the 94 genes were overlapped with 6hr and 12hr Hs. Notably, the 94 genes were the most differentially modulated in all three H groups, some of the genes were known involving in the processes of hypoxic stress, response to inflammatory, wounding, apoptosis and angiogenesis. The 94 genes are considered as hypoxic targets for further study. Conclusions: Our results confirmed the role of several genes involved in hypoxic or ischemic states, and captured a set of genes that associated the PBMC response to hypoxic or ischemic surroundings.
Abstract 13335: Benefits of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in High-Risk Patients: A Propensity-Score Analysis
Authors: Akira Marui, Takeshi Kimura, Shiro Tanaka, Senri Miwa, Kazuhiro Yamazaki, Kenji Minakata, Yutaka Furukawa, Toru Kita, Ryuzo Sakata, CREDO-Kyoto Investigators
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Benefits of off-pump CABG (OPCAB) compared with conventional on-pump CABG (CCAB) still has been controversial. However, it is important to investigate which patient subgroups may benefi...
THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYPHILIS
Authors: U. J. Wile
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 November 1941THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYPHILISU. J. WILE, M.D., F.A.C.P.U. J. WILE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-15-5-817 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFrom the first therapeutic efforts to effect cure to the present moment, the treatment of syphilis has been in a state of perpetual flux. The turnover in the treatment formulae is so rapid that almost every decade sees new methods, newer drugs, superseding those hailed as the last word and the accepted dicta of the preceding like period.Biological, pathological and bacteriological studies of the past quarter century have led to a much broader concept of the pathology of syphilis and have projected into its clinical aspects many systemic syndromes previously believed to be of other etiology. These numerous entities... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Read at the Boston meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 25, 1941.Studies and contributions from the Department of Dermatology and Syphilology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byKrankheiten der GefäßeAortitisAortitis 1 November 1941Volume 15, Issue 5Page: 817-820KeywordsClinical pathologyDermatologyDrugsEtiologySyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of gene expression involved in lymph node metastasis from duodenal gastrinoma using cDNA microarray
Authors: Junichiro Kawamura, Yutaka Shimada, Izumi Komoto, Atsushi Itami, Takatsugu Kan, Ryuichiro Doi, Koji Fujimoto, Masayuki Imamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1721   (Background) Gastrinoma, a rare tumor that usually arises in the pancreas and the duodenum, is known to have unique characteristics; even microgastrinoma is potentially malignant and may metastasize to the regional lymph nodes(LNs) and the liver. More than 50% of duodenal gastrinomas metastasize to regional LNs at the time of diagnosis. However, little is known of molecular determinants of their growth, and molecular studies have identified no useful prognostic factors. The aim of this study is to detect candidate genes involved in LN-metastasis in duodenal gastrinoma by using cDNA microarrays. (Materials and Methods) Ten human duodenal gastrinomas that were operatively resected under the informed consents were used for analyses. The reference probe aRNA was produced from mixture containing equimolar aliquots of RNA from eight cancer-derived cell lines. Total RNA was extracted from freshly frozen tissues and amplified by T7 based linear amplification Gene expression profiles of (A) 7 specimens with LN-metastases, and (B)3 specimens without LN-metastasis, were examined by cDNA microarrays (approximately 8000 genes, Maryland univ. U.S.A.). Details of procedures were as previously published (Kan. T., et al., BBRC, 2001). Gene expression data were normalized by intensity-dependent normalization. Genes that were expressed differentially between (A) and (B) were extracted by Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM, Stanford univ. U.S.A). (Results) A hundred candidate genes for LN-metastasis were extracted by SAM. Several genes involved in cancer metastasis were down-regulated in duodenal gastrinoma with LN-metastasis, including transcriptional factors, cell-cell adhesion molecules, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factor binding proteins. In addition, we identified several genes that were up-regulated in duodenal gastrinoma with LN-metastasis, including transcriptional factors, growth factors and growth factor receptors. (Conclusions) Candidate genes were selected successfully. Majority of genes identified in the present study have not been previously reported in gastrinoma, and represent novel potential screening and therapeutic targets of duodenal gastrinoma.
Abstract 14219: Clinical and Electrocardiographic Characteristics in Relation to Ryanodine Receptor (RyR2) Gene Mutations in Patients with Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Multi Center Study
Authors: Hiro Kawata, Hiroshi Morita, Koji Miyamoto, Yuko Yamada, Hideo Okamura, Takashi Noda, Kazuhiro Satomi, Takeshi Aiba, Naohiko Aihara, Kengo Kusano, Hiroshi Ito, Shiro Kamakura, Wataru Shimizu
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare arrhythmogenic disorder characterized by exercise or emotional-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, syncop...
Abstract 372: The Smad3 Pathway Critically Regulates Myofibroblast Proliferation And Synthetic Activity In Healing Myocardial Infarcts
Authors: Marcin Dobaczewski, Marcin Bujak, Carlos Gonzalez, Na Li, Xiao-Fan Wang, Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We have recently demonstrated that the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 pathway is activated in healing infarcts and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling. Smad3 −/− mice were protected from the development of ventricular dilation following infarction and exhibited markedly reduced fibrosis of the peri-infarct area and the remodeling non-infarcted heart. Accordingly, we hypothesized that Smad3 signaling plays an essential role in regulating cardiac fibroblast function and gene expression in myocardial infarction. Surprisingly, Smad3 −/− infarcts exhibited increased peak infiltration with myofibroblasts, associated with evidence of enhanced proliferative activity. Smad3 −/− mice had a higher density of Ki-67-positive proliferating myofibroblasts in the infarcted myocardium in comparison with wildtype (WT) animals (Smad3−/− 917±291 cells/mm 2 vs. WT 614±115 cells/mm 2 , p&lt;0.05). In vitro experiments suggested that TGF-β inhibits murine cardiac fibroblast proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and that the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β are abrogated in Smad3 −/− fibroblasts. On the other hand Smad3 signaling was essential for extracellular matrix protein synthesis by cardiac fibroblasts. TGF-β-mediated induction of procollagen type III and of the matricellular protein tenascin-C in cardiac fibroblasts was dependent on Smad3. In addition, TGF-β-induced Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 upregulation was also abrogated in Smad3 −/− fibroblasts, suggesting that Smad3 signaling regulates matrix metabolism. In vivo, Smad3 −/− infarcts exhibited attenuated tenascin-C and collagen deposition in the infarct and in the remodeling non-infarcted heart. Our findings suggest that the Smad3 pathway critically regulates fibroblast function in healing myocardial infarction. In Smad3 −/− mice, the healing infarct contains abundant myofibroblasts that exhibit enhanced proliferative activity, but have markedly decreased ability to synthesize extracellular matrix proteins and to produce TIMPs. In the absence of Smad3, attenuated matrix deposition in the remodeling non-infarcted heart results in decreased dilation and ameliorated diastolic dysfunction. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA South Central Affiliate (Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma &amp; Texas).
Sphingomyelin and other phospholipid metabolism in the rabbit atheromatous and normal aorta.
Authors: S K Seth, A I Newman
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

Hypercholesterolemia induces atheroma formation, and the concentration of sphingomyelin is increased compared with that in the normal aortic intima-media. The aortic intima-media sphingomyelin concentration appears to increase exponentially with time on the cholesterol diet. Moreover, the entry rate of serum sphingomyelin into the aortic wall also appears to increase exponentially with time on the cholesterol diet and with the extent of aortic exposure to hypercholesterolemia. 32P-Phosphate incorporation into sphingomyelin and other phospholipids in the perfused rabbit aorta does not increase with atheromatosis, but the rate of sphingomyelin entry increases 27-fold during approximately the same period of atheroma formation and can account for all of the increase in sphingomyelin concentration in the intima-media.