tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Discordance, Uncertainty, and Treatment Ambiguity in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Barbara E. Jones, Alec B. Chapman, Jian Ying, Elizabeth D. Rutter, McKenna R. Nevers, Alden Baker, Nathan C. Dean, Megan L. Fix, Hardeep Singh, Karen S. Cosby, Peter A. Taber, Charlene D. Weir, Makoto M. Jones, Matthew H. Samore, Jorie M. Butler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Evidence-based practice in community-acquired pneumonia often assumes an accurate initial diagnosis.
The Annual Cost of Cancer Screening in the United States
Authors: Michael T. Halpern, Benmei Liu, Douglas R. Lowy, Samir Gupta, Jennifer M. Croswell, V. Paul Doria-Rose
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Cancer has substantial health, quality-of-life, and economic impacts. Screening may decrease cancer mortality and treatment costs, but the cost of screening in the United States is unknown.
Sex-specific variation in species interactions matters in ecological communities
Authors: Elena Gissi, Maurice Codespoti Goodman, Robin Elahi, Jamie M. McDevitt-Irwin, Natalie S. Arnoldi, Nur Arafeh-Dalmau, Christopher J. Knight, Carolina Olguín-Jacobson, Melissa Palmisciano, Ceyenna M. Tillman, Giulio A. De Leo, Fiorenza Micheli
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2024)
Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with HER2-positive advanced colorectal cancer (DESTINY-CRC02): primary results from a multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Kanwal Raghav, Salvatore Siena, Atsuo Takashima, Takeshi Kato, Marc Van den Eynde, Filippo Pietrantonio, Yoshito Komatsu, Hisato Kawakami, Marc Peeters, Thierry Andre, Sara Lonardi, Kensei Yamaguchi, Jeanne Tie, Cristina Gravalos Castro, Hung-Chih Hsu, John H Strickler, Tae-You Kim, Yongjun Cha, Daniel Barrios, Qi Yan, Takahiro Kamio, Kojiro Kobayashi, Aislyn Boran, Makito Koga, John D Allard, Takayuki Yoshino
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Slack K+ channels confer protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Anna Roslan, Katharina Paulus, Jiaqi Yang, Lucas Matt, Helmut Bischof, Natalie Längst, Sophia Schanz, Annika Luczak, Melanie Cruz Santos, Sandra Burgstaller, David Skrabak, Nadja I Bork, Roland Malli, Achim Schmidtko, Meinrad Gawaz, Viacheslav O Nikolaev, Peter Ruth, Rebekka Ehinger, Robert Lukowski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Abstract Aims Na+-activated Slack potassium (K+) channels are increasingly recognized as regulators of neuronal activity, yet little is known about their role in the cardiovascular system. Slack activity increases when intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) reaches pathophysiological levels. Elevated [Na+]i is a major determinant of the ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial injury; thus, we hypothesized that Slack plays a role under these conditions. Methods and results K+ currents in cardiomyocytes (CMs) obtained from wildtype but not from global Slack knockout mice were sensitive to electrical inactivation of voltage-sensitive Na+ channels. Live-cell imaging demonstrated that K+ fluxes across the sarcolemma rely on Slack, while the depolarized resting membrane potential in Slack-deficient CMs led to excessive cytosolic Ca2+ accumulation and finally to hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cell death. Cardiac damage in an in vivo model of I/R was exacerbated in global and CM-specific conditional Slack mutants and largely insensitive to mechanical conditioning manoeuvres. Finally, the protection conferred by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mitoKATP) channels required functional Slack in CMs. Conclusion Collectively, our study provides evidence for Slack's crucial involvement in the ion homeostasis of no or low O2-stressed CMs. Thereby, Slack activity opposes the I/R-induced fatal Ca2+-uptake to CMs supporting the cardioprotective signaling attributed to mitoKATP function.
Calciprotein particle counts associate with vascular remodelling in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lian Feenstra, Melanie Reijrink, Andreas Pasch, Edward R Smith, Lotte M Visser, Marian Bulthuis, Monique E Lodewijk, Mirjam F Mastik, Marcel J W Greuter, Riemer H J A Slart, Douwe J Mulder, Robert A Pol, Charlotte A te Velde-Keyzer, Guido Krenning, Jan-Luuk Hillebrands, V Adelita Ranchor, Antonio W Gomes Neto, Arjan Diepstra, G Bouke Hepkema, C Tji Gan, Caecilia S E Doorenbos, Charlotte A te Velde-Keyzer, Coretta van Leer-Buter, J Daan Touw, Eelko Hak, A M Erik Verschuuren, A J A Frank Bodewes, Frank Klont, Gerard Dijkstra, J Gertrude Nieuwenhuis-Moeke, Hans Blokzijl, G D Henri Leuvenink, Hubert G M Niesters, J Cas Swarte, Jan-Stephan F Sanders, Kevin Damman, L Joost van Pelt, Marco van Londen, Marieke T de Boer, Marion J Siebelink, Marius C van den Heuvel, Michel J Vos, Michiel E Erasmus, Rianne M Douwes, Riemer J H J A Slart, Rinse K Weersma, Robert A Pol, Robert J Porte, Vincent E de Meijer, Willem S Lexmond
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Calciprotein particles (CPPs) are circulating calcium and phosphate nanoparticles associated with the development of vascular calcification (VC) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although recent studies have been focusing on associations of CPPs with the presence of VC in CKD, insights in the underlying processes and mechanisms by which CPPs might aggravate VC and vascular dysfunction in vivo are currently lacking. Here, we assessed the overall burden of abdominal VC in healthy kidney donors and CKD patients and subsequently performed transcriptome profiling in the vascular tissue obtained from these subjects, linking outcome to CPP counts and calcification propensity.
Addressing the unmet care needs of people with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Oriana Carswell, Jody Tate, Falk G Bechara, Marie-France Bru-Daprés, Susanne De Goeij, Angela Gibbons, Silvia Lobo Benito, Susan Poelman, Francesca Prignano, Annette Rosenberg, Chevonne Smellie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can have a devastating impact on patients’ lives. Challenges and unmet needs in the management of HS can further exacerbate low wellbeing and poor quality of life among patients. This article provides the perspectives of patients and healthcare professionals on these challenges and provides suggestions for how clinicians can help ensure patients with HS receive the care they need.
Risk of harm to people with haemophilia from the 2023 WHO Essential Medicines List
Authors: Glenn F Pierce, Brian O'Mahony, Radoslaw Kaczmarek, Mark W Skinner, Mike Makris, Flora Peyvandi, Alok Srivastava, Cedric Hermans, Miguel Crato, Amy Dunn, Emna Gouider, Johnny Mahlangu, David Page, Steven W Pipe, Michael Recht, Thomas Sannie, Nathan Schaefer, Uwe Schlenkrich, Cesar Garrido
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2024)
Bridging the gap: Validating the Patient-Reported Impact of Dermatological diseases (PRIDD) measure
Authors: Junfen Zhang, Bin Yang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Bridging the gap: Validating the Patient-Reported Impact of Dermatological diseases (PRIDD) measure Get access Junfen Zhang, Junfen Zhang Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence: Junfen Zhang, Email:jzhang01@smu.edu.cn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-0328 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bin Yang Bin Yang Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljae315, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae315 Published: 05 August 2024 Article history Received: 19 July 2024 Revision received: 25 July 2024 Accepted: 01 August 2024 Published: 05 August 2024
In ILD, a step-up diagnostic strategy vs. immediate surgical biopsy reduced need for unexpected chest tube drainage
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Source CitationKalverda KA, Ninaber MK, Wijmans L, et al. Transbronchial cryobiopsy followed by as-needed surgical lung biopsy versus immediate surgical lung biopsy for diagnosing interstitial lung disease (the COLD study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2024;12:513-522. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38640934/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology:
Trends and Disparities in Ambulatory Follow-Up After Cardiovascular Hospitalizations
Authors: Timothy S. Anderson, Robert W. Yeh, Shoshana J. Herzig, Edward R. Marcantonio, Laura A. Hatfield, Jeffrey Souza, Bruce E. Landon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Timely follow-up after cardiovascular hospitalization is recommended to monitor recovery, titrate medications, and coordinate care.
The Ethics of Cancer Screening Based on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Duco T. Mülder, James F. O'Mahony, Chyke A. Doubeni, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Maartje H.N. Schermer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Racial and ethnic disparities in incidence and mortality are well documented for many types of cancer. As a result, there is understandable policy and clinical interest in race- and ethnicity-based clinical screening guidelines to address cancer health disparities. Despite the theoretical benefits, such proposals do not typically address associated ethical considerations. Using the examples of gastric cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which have demonstrated disparities according to race and ethnicity, this article examines relevant ethical arguments in considering screening based on race and ethnicity.
In ASCVD, an inclisiran-first strategy reduced LDL-C levels and statin discontinuation at 330 d
Authors: Ellis Lader
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Source CitationKoren MJ, Rodriguez F, East C, et al. An "inclisiran first" strategy vs usual care in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;83:1939-1952. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38593947/AbstractClinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology:
Mitigation of Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia through Modulation of Purinergic Signaling
Authors: Flavia Dei Zotti, Annie Qiu, Vivette D D'Agati, Shwatina Jagnarine, Emmalene Kyritsis, Anabel Miller, Maria Tredicine, Daysha Fliginger, Elizabeth F Stone, Sandhya Ramanathan Panch, Krystalyn E Hudson
Journal: Blood (2024)
JAK2-mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis is Associated with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Rebecca L. Zon, Aswin Sekar, Katharine Clapham, Ohad Oren, Abhishek Niroula, Alexander G. Bick, Christopher J. Gibson, Gabriel Griffin, Md Mesbah Uddin, Donna Neuberg, Pradeep Natarajan, Benjamin L. Ebert
Journal: Blood (2024)
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with sintilizumab in locally advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Authors: Haohua Zhu, Shaoyan Liu, Yuankai Shi, Lin Gui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

6103 Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare aggressive and fatal malignancy with poor prognosis. Antiangiogenic and multikinase inhibitors and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibodies have conferred benefits for ATC. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus sintilizumab in patients with locally advanced or advanced ATC. Methods: In this prospective study, patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced or metastatic ATC, received a combination therapy of anlotinib and sintilizumab. Anlotinib was started at 12 mg once daily for 14 days and combined with sintilizumab at a fixed dose of 200 mg every three weeks. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), assessed in patients who received at least one dose of treatment. Tumor samples were characterized by next-generation sequencing in 12 patients and PD-L1 expression levels in 14 patients. Results: Between June 1 st , 2022 and August 21 st , 2023, 18 patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC were enrolled and received combination treatment. Best overall response (BOR) within all patients was 5.6% (1/18) complete remission, 38.9% partial remission (7/18), 33.3% stable disease (6/18), and 22.2% progressive disease (4/18). ORR was 44.4% for all patients and 80.0% for 5 patients with BRAF V600E mutation. The only one patient with PD-L1 negative also reached PR. Median follow up time was 14.6 months for all patients and 16.1 months for patients with BRAF V600E mutation. The median progression-free survival was 7.5 months (0.5 to 56.3 months) for all patients and 5.7 months (1.0 to 13.1 months) for patients with BRAF V600E mutation. Duration of treatment was 5.9 months (0.5 to 38.2 months), and 8 of 18 ATC patients are still on therapy. Grade III/IV toxicities were observed in 4 of 18 patients, necessitating dose reduction/discontinuation of anlotinib. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 61.1% and median OS was 12.9 months (0.6 to 56.3 months), with 8 ATC patients being still alive without progression. Conclusions: The combination of anlotinib and sintilizumab demonstrated promising activity and manageable toxicity in patients with locally advanced or metastatic ATC, suggesting its potential as a viable therapeutic option for this patient population. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2200067045. [Table: see text]
Pooled analysis on characteristics of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in clinical studies.
Authors: Yeon Hee Park, Javier Cortés, Shanu Modi, Sara A. Hurvitz, Giampaolo Bianchini, Hiroji Iwata, Kohei Shitara, Salvatore Siena, Yasushi Goto, Geoffrey Yuyat Ku, Powell Andrew Charles, Sandra M. Swain, Meena Arunachalam, Martin Janek, Yingkai Cheng, Changan Chu, Purnima Verma, Elton Mathias, Maha Karnoub, Hope S. Rugo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

12118 Background: The efficacy and safety profile of T-DXd has been established in patients (pts) with various tumor types, and nausea and vomiting are the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). T-DXd study protocols were refined over time to recommend prophylaxis (eg, neurokinin or serotonin receptor antagonists and/or steroids) before T-DXd treatment, in line with antiemetic and institutional guidelines. We conducted a pooled, post hoc analysis capturing safety information across tumor types; we report results on nausea and vomiting. While this analysis was not designed to assess antiemetic effectiveness, it reveals the incidence of nausea and vomiting in clinical trials of T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg in more detail across a large dataset. Methods: 1449 pts treated with ≥1 dose of 5.4 mg/kg T-DXd (every 3 wks) were included from 7 phase 1-3 clinical trials in metastatic HER2+ and HER2-low breast cancer, HER2+ gastric cancer, and HER2-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (DESTINY-Breast01, -Breast02, -Breast03, -Breast04, -Lung01, -Lung02, and the first-in-human phase 1 study J101 in multiple tumor types; study enrollment starting 2015-2021). Regardless of antiemetic use (including prophylaxis), the incidence, severity, time to onset, and duration of nausea and vomiting TEAEs were assessed along with event outcomes. Results: Of 1449 pts receiving T-DXd 5.4 mg/kg (median [range] number of 3-wk treatment cycles: 13 [1-60]), 74.6% (n=1081) experienced nausea, and 41.6% (n=603) reported vomiting. Most pts had grade 1/2 nausea (41.2%/27.6%) and/or vomiting (26.2%/12.8%). Grade 3 TEAEs of nausea were reported in 5.8% of pts, with grade ≥3 TEAEs of vomiting observed in 2.6% of pts. By the data cutoff for each trial, 66.9% of pts with nausea and 87.6% with vomiting had their symptoms resolve. Most pts who experienced nausea and vomiting did so during the initial 21 days (cycle 1; n=879 [81.3%] and 336 [55.7%], respectively; 35.8% of all pts received antiemetic prophylaxis at cycle 1); both TEAEs declined notably in subsequent cycles. Rates of drug discontinuation, dose reduction, and drug interruption due to nausea and vomiting were generally low (Table). Conclusions: Most nausea and vomiting events were reported during the first 3 wks of treatment and resolved. Appropriate prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting is a key management strategy and allows pts to benefit from longer treatment durations with T-DXd. Ongoing studies are exploring the implementation and impact of prophylaxis for T-DXd–related emesis. Clinical trial information: NCT03248492 , NCT03523585 , NCT03529110 , NCT03734029 , NCT03505710 , NCT04644237 , NCT02564900 . [Table: see text]
Cost-effectiveness of an oral THC: CBD cannabis extract for secondary prevention of refractory, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Authors: Mbathio Dieng, Peter S. Grimison, Adrienne Kirby, Antony Mersiades, Izabella Pokorski, Martin R Stockler, Rachael L Morton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

TPS11188 Background: The CannabisCINV trial showed the incorporation of a THC:CBD (tetrahydrocannabinol:cannabidiol) cannabis extract in addition to usual, guideline-recommended antiemetic prophylaxis, reduced the incidence of refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The aim of this within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis was toassess the incremental costs and benefits of oral THC: CBD versus placebo, for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Methods: The analysis was performed from a health system perspective, using prospectively collected data from the CannabisCINV trial and linked Medicare data. The evaluation focused on the costs and benefits associated with oral THC: CBD cannabis extract versus placebo in addition to usual care, on complete response: defined as no emesis and no use of rescue medications during the overall treatment phase (0-120 h, cycle 1). The primary economic outcome was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of achieving a complete response. One-way sensitivity analyses and non-parametric bootstrapping (with 1,000 replications) were conducted to assess the robustness of results. Results: Of 147 participants randomized, 60 of 73 assigned THC:CBD and 66 of 74 assigned placebo consented to Medicare data linkage. The incidence of complete response was higher for THC:CBD than placebo (24% vs 5%, absolute difference 19%, 95%CI 13 to 26%). The mean cost (AUD) of hospitalisation was $580 (SD $7,831) for the intervention group and $1,873 (SD $7,235) for placebo. The mean healthcare costs (AUD) were $1,464 (SD $4,667) for THC:CBD group and $2,725 (SD $9,237) for the placebo. The THC:CBD group had a mean total healthcare cost saving of $1,261 per patient (95% CI -$3,550 to $1029) compared with the placebo group. THC:CBD was less expensive and more effective than placebo (i.e. dominant), in the primary analysis, and over the range of pre-specified sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: This within-trial analysis indicates oral THC: CBD is cost-effective for the treatment of refractory, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting from a health system perspective and supports reimbursement in this setting. The trial and economic evaluation were prospectively registered in the Australian and New Zealand. Clinical trial information: ACTRN12616001036404.
Safety and efficacy of eribulin plus anlotinib in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma (ERAS): A multi-center phase II study.
Authors: Jie Liu, Yaotiao Deng, Ying Wang, Jie Zhang, Mei Li, Yu Jiang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

11561 Background: Both the microtubule-dynamics inhibitor eribulin and the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib exhibit single-agent anti-tumor activity in previously treated soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination treatment of eribulin and anlotinib in patients with advanced STS. Methods: In this multi-center phase II study (ERAS), patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma who relapsed/progressed after anthracycline chemotherapy or were not candidates for such treatment were included. Patients received eribulin (1.1 mg/m² intravenously on days 1 and 8) and anlotinib (12mg orally once daily on days 1-14) every 21 days for 6-8 cycles, followed by anlotinib maintenance. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival rate at 24 weeks (PFR 24w ). Secondary endpoints included median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. Results: Thirty-one patients were enrolled. Twenty-eight (90.3%) patients had received anthracycline chemotherapy, and the remaining 3 (9.7%) were chemotherapy-naïve. Pathological types included L-type sarcomas (10 leiomyosarcomas and 6 dedifferentiated liposarcomas) and non-L-type sarcomas (n =15, with 8 subtypes). As of the cut-off date of Jan 28, 2024, the median follow-up time was 30.4 weeks. Response evaluation was feasible in 29 patients. The ORR, DCR and predicted PFR 24w were 20.7%, 82.8% and 65.5%, respectively. The mPFS was 30.1 weeks, with no significant difference observed between patients with L-type sarcomas and non-L-type sarcomas. The mOS was not reached. Nineteen (61.3%) patients experienced at least one grade 3/4 adverse event. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events included neutropenia (35.5%), leukopenia (25.8%), hypertension (16.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (16.1%) and increased gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (16.1%). Conclusions: The combination of eribulin and anlotinib shows promising efficacy with an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with advanced STS, irrespective of pathological type. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2300067650.