tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 243: High Survival Rate of Patients Following In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Center Hospital for Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Single-Center Prospective Observational, Utstein Style Study
Authors: Shingo Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Yokoyama, Koichiro Harada, Osami Kawarada, Takafumi Yamane, Kohei Ishibashi, Manabu Matsumoto, Masaharu Ishihara, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is a significant public health problem with a low survival rate of approximately 15-20% in general hospitals. However, few data are available on the clinical outcome of patients following IHCA in the center hospital for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: Between June 2006 and May 2013, Utstein style resuscitation data were prospectively collected on 535 consecutive patients aged 18 years or older who developed IHCA in National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (Osaka, Japan). Of these, we excluded 95 patients with multiple cardiac arrests (only the first episode was included) and also excluded 9 patients due to the lack of 30-day follow-up data. We finally assessed the data of the clinical characteristics and 30-day survival of 428 patients. Results: The number of patients who were hospitalized due to cardiac diseases and cerebrovascular diseases was 293 (68.5%) and 84 (19.6%), respectively. The location of hospital where IHCA developed was intensive care unit in 153 (35.7%), general ward in 157 (36.6%), emergency department in 54 (12.6%) and others in 64 (15%). Importantly, the majority of IHCA (n=379, 88.5%) occurred under the monitoring of electrocardiography. The first documented rhythm was pulseless electrical activity in 215 (50.2%), asystole in 77 (18%), ventricular fibrillation (VF) in 73 (17.1%), and pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 63 (14.7%). In only 4 patients who were not originally monitored, an automated external defibrillator was used following documentation of VF as initial rhythm of IHCA. Overall, the 30-day survival rate was 38%. The presence of electrocardiography monitoring was associated with higher survival rate than the absence of monitoring (39.5% vs. 22.4%, P=0.02). However, the survival rate was not significantly affected by the location of hospital, time (day vs. night), and day of the week (weekday vs. weekend). Conclusions: The survival rate following IHCA seems to be high in the center hospital for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases in comparisons with the previous reports from general hospitals. The present finding of over 30% survival indicates the potential impact of electrocardiography monitoring for particular patients with risk for IHCA.
High Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption Is Associated With Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Alleles in ABCG8 and ABO
Authors: Günther Silbernagel, M. John Chapman, Bernd Genser, Marcus E. Kleber, Günter Fauler, Hubert Scharnagl, Tanja B. Grammer, Bernhard O. Boehm, Kari-Matti Mäkelä, Mika Kähönen, Rafael Carmena, Ernst R. Rietzschel, Eric Bruckert, John E. Deanfield, Tatu A. Miettinen, Olli T. Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, Winfried März
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Integrated learning
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Haptic perception synthesizes touch with proprioception, or sense of body position. Humans and mice alike experience rich active touch of the face. Because most facial muscles lack proprioceptor endings, the sensory basis of facial proprioception remains unsolved. Facial proprioception may instead rely on mechanoreceptors that encode both touch and self-motion. In rodents, whisker mechanoreceptors provide a signal that informs the brain about whisker position. Whisking involves coordinated orofacial movements, so mechanoreceptors innervating facial regions other than whiskers could also provide information about whisking. To define all sources of sensory information about whisking available to the brain, we recorded spikes from mechanoreceptors innervating diverse parts of the face. Whisker motion was encoded best by whisker mechanoreceptors, but also by those innervating whisker pad hairy skin and supraorbital vibrissae. Redundant self-motion responses may provide the brain with a stable proprioceptive signal despite mechanical perturbations such as whisker growth and active touch.
South Africa may supply AIDS drugs
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The South African government has announced it is to look into the possibility of supplying antiretroviral drugs to people with HIV and AIDS. The announcement signals a major change in its policy so far and creates hope among activists and people with the disease that some relief may become available to those who cannot afford the medication.

The government move comes at the same time as manufacturers of generic drugs have announced licensing deals with multinational pharmaceutical companies to allow them to begin making antiretrovirals locally and to supply them to the public sector. The arrangements would have been meaningless if the government was continuing to refuse to buy antiretrovirals to treat poorer people with HIV and AIDS.

The move follows intense political pressure from, among others, former president Nelson Mandela. It also comes after large companies such as mining giant Anglo American were forced to take the initiative in announcing they would supply antiretroviral treatment to those of their workers not covered by company health insurance and who needed treatment for AIDS.

About one in nine South Africans (one in four adults) is infected with HIV, but for the past three years moves to treat the epidemic have foundered after the lead given by President Thabo Mbeki who had doubts about the fact that HIV caused AIDS.
Complex Heart Defects of the Neonate: A Personal View
Authors: William Norwood
Journal: Circulation (2012)

I believe pediatric cardiologists and congenital heart surgeons must and do work hand-in-glove like no other medical/surgical specialists. Helen Brook Taussig and Alfred Blalock were an early testament to such a notion, albeit I understand Doctor Taussig didn't fully embrace the concept of reparative surgery for tetralogy of Fallot late in her career at Johns Hopkins University. One evening in the late 1970s I walked through the ICU and there in the corner was a normal looking baby swaddled in a blanket. “Who is this,” I asked. “She's a cardiology patient. She's going to die, nothing can be done.” “Really, what's wrong?” “She has HLHS.” Well, believe it or not, I don't recall knowing anything about HLHS before that night. I quizzed my cardiology colleagues who knew more than I, but not a lot more. I'm not going to say much about HLHS surgery other than it flew in the face of a number of strongly held prejudices at the time and that surgery was necessarily performed in the neonatal period facilitated by DHCA. Innovation is the life's blood of medicine. In 2008 I was invited to attend rounds at Children's Hospital of Boston and was asked whether I thought our earliest efforts with surgery for HLHS would be possible today. I answered, ''Probably not.'' This somewhat pessimistic view does not reflect a belief that the potential for physician-surgeon collaboration that is so essential to innovation is less now than it was in the era of Taussig and Blalock. Rather, it reflects the realities imposed today by a multi-layered bureaucracy of administrators and regulators who “manage” innovation under the watchful eye of trial lawyers.
Phase II trial of cetuximab (C225) in combination with monthly carboplatin (Cb) and weekly paclitaxel (Pac) in patients with advanced NSCLC: Promising early results
Authors: H. Borghaei, C. J. Langer, M. Millenson, H. Tuttle, J. Seldomridge, M. Rovito, D. Mintzer, J. Treat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

8104 Background: C225, a monoclonal antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and standard q 3 week PacCb yielded a median survival of nearly 11 months in a large phase II SWOG trial (Thienelt, JCO, 2005). We mounted a phase II trial of C225 in combination with monthly Cb and weekly Pac, to capitalize on potential synergy between taxane and C225, and to mitigate taxane-induced neuropathy. Methods: Enrollees received Cb AUC 6 day 1, Pac 100 mg/m2 days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks, and C225 400 mg/m2 d1, then 250 mg/m2 Q wk. In patients without disease progression or limiting toxicity, C225 was continued as a single agent after 6 full cycles of therapy. Eligibility stipulated advanced NSCLC (Stage IV, 'wet' IIIB or recurrence after prior surgery/radiation); ECOG performance status 0–1; measurable tumor, and adequate physiologic indices. Results: 53 patients were accrued: median age 63 years (range, 41 to 86); 51% male, 85% Caucasian; 47% Performance Status-0; 15% prior RT. 31 pts (58%) had sufficient tissue for EGFr (IHC); 87% proved (+), 32% were 3+. Overall response rate (RR) was 57% including 3 CR. 23% had stable disease as best response. Median time to progression (TTP) was 5.5 months (18 patients), Median survival was 13.8 mos; 1 yr OS 53%, 2 yr OS 18%. 13 completed 6 cycles and went onto maintenance therapy with C225 alone. Respective MS for men and women was 7.6 and 16.1 mo (p=0.003), for prior RT vs none, 6.1 and 14.1 mo (p=0.0056), and PS 0 vs 1, 7.6 and 16.0 mo (p=0.0173). Age had no bearing on outcome. Those without EGFr expression did worse (p=0.03). Chief grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia in 20, HSR in 3, fatigue in 8, sensory neuropathy in 5, hypomagnesemia in 6 and rash in 15. Cumulative paronychia, nail lysis, and digital fissures frequently led to cessation of maintenance therapy Conclusions: C225 in combination with monthly Cb and weekly Pac is highly active in advanced NSCLC. Response and survival data are promising, the best we have observed to date in the Fox Chase Cancer Center Extramural Research Program through the Oncology Physician Network. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Eli Lilly Bristol-Myers Squibb, ImClone Systems Incorporated Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb
Illustration of sperm may show attachment of potentially pathogenic micro-organisms
Authors: T R Moss
Journal: BMJ (1996)

explicable by Guus A de Jonge and Adele C Engelberts's comments on secondary sleeping position, since the proportion of boys among infants found in the prone position was 53/77 (69%) in the cases and 28/45 (62%) in the con- trols, in the side position 22/43 (51%) and 41/92 (45%) respectively, and in the supine position 36/67 (54%) and 311/618 (50%) respectively.Thus among the babies who died more boys than girls rolled from their side to prone during the final sleep.
Abstract 14299: Cardiovascular Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Treated With Ticagrelor Compared to Clopidogrel: Data From the PLATO Trial
Authors: Manesh R Patel, Richard C Becker, Daniel M Wojdyla, Hakan Emanuelsson, William Hiatt, Jay Horrow, Steen Husted, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Phillippe G Steg, Robert F Storey, Lars Wallentin, Stefan K James
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are at high risk for clinical events and are often difficult to manage. We evaluated cardiovascular outco...
Abstract 14838: Bone Marrow Stem-Cell Therapy for Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jose Suarez de Lezo, Miguel Romero, Inmaculada Herrera, Manuel Pan, Dolores Carmona, Javier Suárez de Lezo, Jose Segura, Soledad Ojeda, Francisco Mazuelos, Djordje Pavlovic
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Bone marrow stem-cell therapy (BMSCT) has been used for functional recovery in patients (pts) with acute and chronic ischaemic heart disease. However, less information is available in pts with non-...
Postcoital testing
Authors: M G R Hull, J L H Evers, W. F. Hendry, B J Cohlen, E R te Velde, J D F Habbema, S G. Oei, F. M Helmerhorst, M. J N C Keirse
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR-In their report on postcoital testing Oei et al applied inappropriate trial methods to the use of a diagnostic rather than a therapeutic procedure.1Theirinterpretation was consequently misleading and further invalidated by biased selectivity.A diagnostic procedure cannot alter outcome, except by influencing the choice of treatment specific to a diagnosis.Numerous treatments were applied non specifically and inconsistently, invalidating study outcome.Intrauterine insemination was incorrectly described as specific for negative postcoital findings but is used equally, like in vitro fertilisation, in couples who tested positive, although success rates differ.The only significant finding was that the sum frequency of more than five different treatments used was slightly greater in tested couples than in those not tested (54% versus 41%).Invasive investigations (hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy) were, however, apparently used less frequently in the tested group.Pregnancy rates were not significantly different between couples with negative and positive tests, but no account was taken of possible effects of the treatment, or (in that part of the analysis) of the likelihood that couples who conceived too soon to be tested would have had a positive test result.Oei et al did not mention their criterion for a positive test although there is 10fold variation in use between centres, based on arbitrary choice.Several reports use the properly derived criterion of one progressively motile spermatozoon per high power microscope field, and properly controlled outcome (pregnancy rate) studies, and they describe the distinguishing power of postcoital testing, but none were mentioned by Oei et al.These include studies of natural conception rates without treatment in -1/26/2017
Abstract 1790: Relation Between Genotype and Left-Ventricular Dilatation in Patients With Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Peter Van Tintelen, Lilian J Meijboom, Jan D Jongbloed, Gerard Pals, Janneke Timmermans, Julie de Backer, Robert M Hofstra, Barbara J Mulder, Maarten P van den Berg
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Abstract P31: Out-of Hospital Advanced Cardiac Life Support With or Without a Physician: Effects on Quality of CPR and Outcome
Authors: Theresa M Olasveengen, Inger Lund-Kordahl, Petter Andreas Steen, Kjetil Sunde
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The presence of physicians is believed to facilitate optimal management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but has not been sufficiently documented. Methods: Adult non-traumatic cardiac...
Abstract 4633: Pretreatment with Mineralcorticoid Receptor Antagonists Plus Beta Blockers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Increases the Proportion of Patients in Sinus Rhythm after Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure
Authors: Gabriello Marchetti, Renzo Roncuzzi, Stefano Urbinati, Daniela Vivoli, Alberto Barbieri, Alessandra Zaniboni
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Aim of this study was to assess the effect on sinus rhythm maintenance after electrical cardioversion of pre-treatment with mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) added to beta blockers (BB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in patients with heart failure and persistent atrial fibrillation. We studied 168 consecutive patients with left ventricular dysfunction and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent electrical cardioversion (ECV) in our Day Hospital.Group 1 (83 pts) was pretreated with MRA plus BB and ACEI and group 2 (85 pts) with only BB and ACEI. Mean age was 74.4 years in group 1 and 73.9 years in group 2; male gender was 70% in group 1 and 72% in group 2 ; estimated onset of arrhythmia was 5 + −2 months in two groups; ischemic heart disease was present in 55% of group 1 and 61% in group 2 .Hypertension was present in 70% of group 1 and 61% in group 2. Echocardio-graphic parameters of left atrial diameter were not statistically different in two groups:44 mm versus 47 mm ; ejection fraction was 46% (group 1) and 44% (group 2).All patients received warfarin during the 1 year follow up. Aldosterone antagonists ( plus BB and ACEI ) was continued in group 1 after ECV. Group 2 received treatment with BB and ACEI. 4 pts in group 1 and 6 pts in group 2 showed early re-initiation of AF after cardioversion and a second ECV was successfully repeated. At 1 year follow up 67% of pts of group 1 remained in sinus rhythm compared with 42% of pts not treated with aldosterone antagonists. The results in our investigation regarding the proportion of pts in sinus rhythm after ECV favour this treatment strategy for patients with persistent AF and heart failure. A possible mechanism of this result is that aldosterone too stimulates collagen production leading to atrial fibrosis. Remodeling process in heart failure can be better antagonized by combined treatment of Beta blockers, Angiotensin Converting-Enzyme inhibitors and Mineralcorticoid receptors Antagonists.
Abstract 9601: A Statin-Loaded Nanotherapy Increases Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Statin on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jun Tang, Raphael Duivenvoorden, David Izquierdo-Garcia, David P Cormode, Erik S Stroes, Mark E Lobatto, Emma L Kuan, Gwendalyn L Randolph, Valentin Fuster, Edward A Fisher, Willem J Mulder
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Statins have a potent cholesterol lowering capability and have shown anti-inflammatory effects, but these effects are limited. We hypothesize that statin-loaded reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles ([s]-rHDL) exhibit improved anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerotic plaques. Methods &amp; Results: First, we evaluated the targeting of [s]-rHDL in ApoE KO mice with MRI, NIRF imaging, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (n=9). Second, we evaluated the capability of [s]-rHDL to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis. ApoE KO mice (n=62) were put on a high fat diet and received placebo (n=15), oral Simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day; n=15), intravenous rHDL (10 mg/kg ApoAI twice/week; n=16), or intravenous [s]-rHDL (15 mg/kg Simvastatin, 10 mg/kg ApoAI twice/week; n=16) for 12 weeks. To quantitatively analyze histological sections (n≈4000), an automated procedure was built. Histology results at termination showed that plaque size (hematoxylin phloxine saffron staining) in the [s]-rHDL treated group was significantly reduced compared to rHDL and placebo groups (a). Importantly, the macrophage positive area (anti-CD68 immunostaining) in the [s]-rHDL treated group was profoundly reduced compared to all other groups (b). Third, we assessed the capability of [s]-rHDL to induce rapid regression of atherosclerosis. Mice (n=43) with advanced atherosclerotic plaques were intravenously administered with high dose [s]-rHDL (60 mg/kg Simvastatin, 40 mg/kg ApoAI), low dose [s]-rHDL (15 mg/kg Simvastatin, 10 mg/kg ApoAI), high dose rHDL (60mg/kg ApoAI), or placebo 4 times in one week. One week high dose [s]-rHDL treatment decreased plaque size (c) and almost entirely depleted macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques (d). Conclusion: [s]-rHDL efficiently targets plaques, thereby improves the anti-inflammatory effects of statins, and can be applied to inhibit plaque progression and induce plaque regression.
Expression of different isoforms of the B-cell mutator activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in <i>BCR-ABL1</i>-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients
Authors: A. Lonetti, I. Iacobucci, A. Ferrari, M. Messina, D. Cilloni, S. Soverini, C. Papayannidis, M. Baccarani, R. Foà, G. Martinelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

7049 Since the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enzyme can target non-immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and may even act as a genome-wide mutator, we investigated AID expression in BCR-ABL1-positive ALL and in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) at the time of progression to blast crisis. On the 61 de novo adult BCR-ABL1-positive ALL patients (pts), AID mRNA and protein were detected in 36 (59%); their expression correlated with BCR-ABL1 transcript levels and disappeared after treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors at the time of remission. AID expression was also found in lymphoid blast crisis CML (50%), but not in myeloid lineage or in chronic phase CML. Different isoforms of AID were identified: 13/61 (21%) pts expressed the full-length isoform; 19/61 (31%) co-expressed the wild-type and different AID splice variants with deaminase activity (AIDΔE4a, with a 30 bp deletion of exon 4; AIDΔE4, with the exon 4 deletion; AIDins3, with the retention of intron 3–4); 4/61 (7%) expressed the AIDΔE3-E4 isoform without deaminase activity (deletion of exons 2 and 3). To investigate whether AID introduces DNA-single strand breaks, we performed a genome wide analysis by 250K NspI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Patients who expressed wild-type AID had a higher number of alterations compared to AID-negative (median copy number alteration of 14 versus 4. respectively, p &lt; 0.03). Recurring copy number abnormalities were identified in genes with an established role in leukemogenesis, such as IKZF1, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, PAX5, MELK, BTG1, and MDS1. Our findings show that BCR-ABL1-positive ALL cells aberrantly express different isoforms of AID that can act as mutator outside the Ig gene loci in promoting genetic instability in leukemia cells. Supported by: European LeukemiaNet, AIL, AIRC, FIRB 2006, Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna, Strategico di Ateneo, GIMEMA Onlus. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Nurses as NHS gatekeepers
Authors: A. L Mark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A retrospective analysis of the results of extracapsular cataract surgery with and without implant is presented. Surgery was performed by a group of consultants and registrars from 1975 to 1982, and minimum patient follow-up was 12 months (mean 26.2 months). The incidence of postoperative capsulotomy was 14.3%, but the need for this procedure declines, becoming negligible after 3.5 years. Of 242 eligible eyes, aphakic retinal detachment occurred in only one.
Abstract 12813: Elevated Soluble CD93 Levels and Their Relationship With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jong-Chan Youn, Jae-Won Jeon, Young Woo Park, Yangsoo Jang, Eui-Cheol Shin, Jong-Won Ha
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: CD93 is a 68kDa transmembrane glycoprotein and is expressed in monocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells. CD93 is overexpressed upon inflammatory stimulation, and its soluble form (sC...