tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Restoring the Organism as a Whole: Does NRP Resurrect the Dead?
Authors: Emil J. N. Busch
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2024)

The introduction of normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) protocols is by some regarded as controversial and ethically troublesome. One of the main concerns that opponents have about introducing NRP in cDCDD protocols is that reestablishing circulation will negate the determination of death by circulatory criteria, potentially resuscitating the donor. In this article, I argue that this is not the case. If we take a closer look at the concept of death underlying the circulatory criterion for determination of death, we find that the purpose of the criterion is to show whether the organism as a whole has died. I argue that this purpose is fulfilled by the circulatory criterion in cDCDD protocols, and that applying NRP does not negate the determination of death or resuscitate the donor.
Collaborative Care for Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jeanne M. Hoffman, Mary Curran, Jason Barber, Sylvia Lucas, Jesse R. Fann, Jennifer M. Zumsteg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Chronic pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes. By providing multidisciplinary care through expert consultation, a collaborative care (CC) treatment approach may reduce pain interference.
Early evaluation of risk stratification and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced breast cancer through combined monitoring of baseline circulating tumor cells and DNA
Authors: Qiang Zhang, Zheng Cai, Lorenzo Gerratana, Andrew A. Davis, Paolo D’Amico, Akhil Chawla, Saya Jacob, Youbin Zhang, Jianhua Jiao, Weijun Qin, Carolina Reduzzi, Lisa Flaum, Ami Shah, William J. Gradishar
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Early evaluation of tumor heterogeneity related to metastasis and outcomes is a major challenge in the management of advanced breast cancer (BCa) in the clinic. In this study, we introduced the value of baseline circulating tumor cells (CTC) and ctDNA for early differentiation of clinical stages, tumor heterogeneity, and prognosis in clinic.
Correction: Management of hematological patients requiring emergency chemotherapy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Antoine Lafarge, Dara Chean, Livia Whiting, Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Elie Azoulay, Guillaume Dumas, Sofiane Fodil, Elie Azoulay, Djamel Mokart, Virginie Lemiale, Laurent Argaud, Dominique Benoit, Naïke Bigé, Magali Bisbal, Emmanuel Canet, Fabrice Bruneel, Alexandre Demoule, Achille Kouatchet, Julien Mayaux, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Saad Nseir, Martine Nyunga, Frédéric Pène, Amélie Seguin, Lara Zafrani, Olfa Hamzaoui, Bruno Mourvillier, Pierre Asfar, David Schnell, Gaëtan Plantefeve, Julio Badie, Nicholas Sedillot, Xavier Wittebole, Jean-Paul Mira, Jean-Philippe Rigaud, Pierre-Louis Declercq, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Frédéric Foret, Djillali Annane, Nicholas Heming, Pierre Bulp, Patrick M Honoré, Raphaël Clere-Jehl, Francis Schneider, Jean-Claude Lacherade, Gwenhaël Colin, Christophe Guitton, Olivier Nigeon, Nicolas Van Grunderbeeck, Bruno François, Christophe Guervilly, Mehran Monchi, Jérôme Roustan, Jean Reignier, Ferhat Meziani, Julie Helms, François Barbier, Toufik Kamel, Grégoire Muller, Nicolas De Schryver, Jean-Pierre Frat, Delphine Chatelier, Nicolas Barbarot, François Legay, Charles Vidal, Laurence Dangers, Emmanuelle Mercier, Stephan Ehrmann, Juliette Audibert, Asaël Berger, David Joganah, Jonathan Chelly, Laurent Ducros, Florian Reizine, Agathe Delbove, Florent Bavozet, Paul-Simon Pugliesi, Thomas Maldiney, Shidasp Siami, Jean-François Timsit, Pierre Tissières, Sébastien Gibot, Eric Maury
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2024)
Metabolic Surgery in Patients With High BMI and Obesity
Authors: Magnus Sundbom
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Odd Bjørn Kjeldaas Salte, MD; Torsten Olbers, MD, PhD; Hilde Risstad, MD, PhD; Morten Wang Fagerland, MSc, PhD; Torgeir Thorson Søvik, MD, PhD; Ingvild Kristine Blom-Høgestøl, MD, PhD; Jon A. Kristinsson, MD, PhD; My Engström, RN, PhD; Tom Mala, MD, PhD
Medical Management vs Bariatric Surgery in Type 2 Diabetes—Reply
Authors: Anita P. Courcoulas, Mary Elizabeth Patti, John P. Kirwan
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Integration of Clinical Trials With the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Derek C. Angus, Alison J. Huang, Roger J. Lewis, Amy P. Abernethy, Robert M. Califf, Martin Landray, Nancy Kass, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Ali B Abbasi, Kaleab Z Abebe, Amy P Abernethy, Stacey J. Adam, Derek C Angus, Jamy Ard, Michael Berkwits, Rachel A Bender Ignacio, Scott M Berry, Deepak L. Bhatt, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Robert O. Bonow, Marc Bonten, Sharon A. Brangman, John Brownstein, Melinda J. B. Buntin, Atul J Butte, Robert M. Califf, Marion K Campbell, Anne R. Cappola, Anne C Chiang, Deborah Cook, Steven R Cummings, Gregory Curfman, Laura J Esserman, Lee A Fleisher, Joseph B Franklin, Ralph Gonzalez, Cynthia I Grossman, Tufia C. Haddad, Roy S. Herbst, Adrian F. Hernandez, Diane P Holder, Leora Horn, Grant D. Huang, Alison Huang, Nancy Kass, Rohan Khera, Walter J. Koroshetz, Harlan M. Krumholz, Martin Landray, Roger J. Lewis, Tracy A Lieu, Preeti N. Malani, Christa Lese Martin, Mark McClellan, Mary M. McDermott, Stephanie R. Morain, Susan A Murphy, Stuart G Nicholls, Stephen J Nicholls, Peter J. O'Dwyer, Bhakti K Patel, Eric Peterson, Sheila A. Prindiville, Joseph S. Ross, Kathryn M Rowan, Gordon Rubenfeld, Christopher W. Seymour, Rod S Taylor, Joanne Waldstreicher, Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Optimal health care delivery, both now and in the future, requires a continuous loop of knowledge generation, dissemination, and uptake on how best to provide care, not just determining what interventions work but also how best to ensure they are provided to those who need them. The randomized clinical trial (RCT) is the most rigorous instrument to determine what works in health care. However, major issues with both the clinical trials enterprise and the lack of integration of clinical trials with health care delivery compromise medicine's ability to best serve society.
Author Correction: Pathway level subtyping identifies a slow-cycling biological phenotype associated with poor clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sudhir B. Malla, Ryan M. Byrne, Maxime W. Lafarge, Shania M. Corry, Natalie C. Fisher, Petros K. Tsantoulis, Megan L. Mills, Rachel A. Ridgway, Tamsin R. M. Lannagan, Arafath K. Najumudeen, Kathryn L. Gilroy, Raheleh Amirkhah, Sarah L. Maguire, Eoghan J. Mulholland, Hayley L. Belnoue-Davis, Elena Grassi, Marco Viviani, Emily Rogan, Keara L. Redmond, Svetlana Sakhnevych, Aoife J. McCooey, Courtney Bull, Emily Hoey, Nicoleta Sinevici, Holly Hall, Baharak Ahmaderaghi, Enric Domingo, Andrew Blake, Susan D. Richman, Claudio Isella, Crispin Miller, Andrea Bertotti, Livio Trusolino, Maurice B. Loughrey, Emma M. Kerr, Sabine Tejpar, Timothy S. Maughan, Mark Lawler, Andrew D. Campbell, Simon J. Leedham, Viktor H. Koelzer, Owen J. Sansom, Philip D. Dunne
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)
Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes—A Difficult Path Forward
Authors: Mitchell H. Katz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Advances in diagnosis and management of cancer of the esophagus
Authors: Nathaniel Deboever, Christopher M Jones, Kohei Yamashita, Jaffer A Ajani, Wayne L Hofstetter
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Abstract Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, with over 470 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Two distinct histological subtypes predominate, and should be considered biologically separate disease entities.1 These subtypes are esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Outcomes remain poor regardless of subtype, with most patients presenting with late stage disease.2 Novel strategies to improve early detection of the respective precursor lesions, squamous dysplasia, and Barrett’s esophagus offer the potential to improve outcomes. The introduction of a limited number of biologic agents, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, is resulting in improvements in the systemic treatment of locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer. These developments, coupled with improvements in minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic treatment approaches, as well as adaptive and precision radiotherapy technologies, offer the potential to improve outcomes still further. This review summarizes the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of esophageal cancer, and the developments in understanding of the biology of this disease.
Moves to limit prison custody for pregnant and postnatal women are welcome—and long overdue
Authors: Kirsty Kitchen
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Moves to limit prison custody for pregnant and postnatal women are welcome-and long overdue New guidance from the Sentencing Council is a positive step towards limiting the harm of prison custody on pregnant and postnatal women and their babies Kirsty Kitchen head of policy and communications Pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period can be difficult, complex, and anxious times for any woman and her family, but imagine navigating that critical period while in custody.Prisons are not, and will never be, safe or appropriate places for pregnant or postnatal women.Many countries around the world limit or actively prohibit the use of prison for pregnant women and mothers of infants, but here in England there are no such restrictions.New guidance from the Sentencing Council for England and Wales is a welcome, and long overdue, step towards limiting the use of prison custody for women during this critical period. 1 Last year, government figures showed that at least 194 women spent time in prison while pregnant, and 44 gave birth while being held in custody. 2 We know that 40 women successfully applied to keep their baby in their care on a prison mother and baby unit, 2 but data on how many women are separated from babies because they're in custody are not available.
Principles of cortical areas and their implications for neuroimaging
Authors: Steven E. Petersen, Benjamin A. Seitzman, Steven M. Nelson, Gagan S. Wig, Evan M. Gordon
Journal: Neuron (2024)

Cortical organization should constrain the study of how the brain performs behavior and cognition. A fundamental concept in cortical organization is that of arealization: that the cortex is parceled into discrete areas. In part one of this report, we review how non-human animal studies have illuminated principles of cortical arealization by revealing: (1) what defines a cortical area, (2) how cortical areas are formed, (3) how cortical areas interact with one another, and (4) what "computations" or "functions" areas perform. In part two, we discuss how these principles apply to neuroimaging research. In doing so, we highlight several examples where the commonly accepted interpretation of neuroimaging observations requires assumptions that violate the principles of arealization, including nonstationary areas that move on short time scales, large-scale gradients as organizing features, and cortical areas with singular functionality that perfectly map psychological constructs. Our belief is that principles of neurobiology should strongly guide the nature of computational explanations.
Personalized metabolic whole-body models for newborns and infants predict growth and biomarkers of inherited metabolic diseases
Authors: Elaine Zaunseder, Ulrike Mütze, Jürgen G. Okun, Georg F. Hoffmann, Stefan Kölker, Vincent Heuveline, Ines Thiele
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2024)

Comprehensive whole-body models (WBMs) accounting for organ-specific dynamics have been developed to simulate adult metabolism, but such models do not exist for infants. Here, we present a resource of 360 organ-resolved, sex-specific models of newborn and infant metabolism (infant-WBMs) spanning the first 180 days of life. These infant-WBMs were parameterized to represent the distinct metabolic characteristics of newborns and infants, including nutrition, energy requirements, and thermoregulation. We demonstrate that the predicted infant growth was consistent with the recommendation by the World Health Organization. We assessed the infant-WBMs' reliability and capabilities for personalization by simulating 10,000 newborns based on their blood metabolome and birth weight. Furthermore, the infant-WBMs accurately predicted changes in known biomarkers over time and metabolic responses to treatment strategies for inherited metabolic diseases. The infant-WBM resource holds promise for personalized medicine, as the infant-WBMs could be a first step to digital metabolic twins for newborn and infant metabolism.
Assessing the Environmental and Downstream Human Health Impacts of Decentralizing Cancer Care
Authors: Andrew Hantel, Colin Cernik, Thomas P. Walsh, Hajime Uno, Dalia Larios, Jonathan E. Slutzman, Gregory A. Abel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from health care are substantial and disproportionately harm persons with cancer. Emissions from a central component of oncology care, outpatient clinician visits, are not well described, nor are the reductions in emissions and human harms that could be obtained through decentralizing this aspect of cancer care (ie, telemedicine and local clinician care when possible). Objective To assess potential reductions in GHG emissions and downstream health harms associated with telemedicine and fully decentralized cancer care. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study and counterfactual analyses using life cycle assessment methods analyzed persons receiving cancer care at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute between May 2015 and December 2020 as well as persons diagnosed with cancer over the same period from the Cancer in North America (CiNA) public dataset. Data were analyzed from October 2023 to April 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The adjusted per–visit day difference in GHG emissions in kilograms of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) equivalents between 2 periods: an in-person care model period (May 2015 to February 2020; preperiod) and a telemedicine period (March to December 2020; postperiod), and the annual decrease in disability-adjusted life-years in a counterfactual model where care during the preperiod was maximally decentralized nationwide. Results Of 123 890 included patients, 73 988 (59.7%) were female, and the median (IQR) age at first diagnosis was 59 (48-68) years. Patients were seen over 1.6 million visit days. In mixed-effects log-linear regression, the mean absolute reduction in per–visit day CO 2 equivalent emissions between the preperiod and postperiod was 36.4 kg (95% CI, 36.2-36.6), a reduction of 81.3% (95% CI, 80.8-81.7) compared with the baseline model. In a counterfactual decentralized care model of the preperiod, there was a relative emissions reduction of 33.1% (95% CI, 32.9-33.3). When demographically matched to 10.3 million persons in the CiNA dataset, decentralized care would have reduced national emissions by 75.3 million kg of CO 2 equivalents annually; this corresponded to an estimated annual reduction of 15.0 to 47.7 disability-adjusted life-years. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found that using decentralization through telemedicine and local care may substantially reduce cancer care’s GHG emissions; this corresponds to small reductions in human mortality.
Intestinal cDC1s provide cues required for CD4+ T cell–mediated resistance to <i>Cryptosporidium</i>
Authors: Ian S. Cohn, Bethan A. Wallbank, Breanne E. Haskins, Keenan M. O’Dea, Ryan D. Pardy, Sebastian Shaw, Maria I. Merolle, Jodi A. Gullicksrud, David A. Christian, Boris Striepen, Christopher A. Hunter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Cryptosporidium is an enteric pathogen and a prominent cause of diarrheal disease worldwide. Control of Cryptosporidium requires CD4+ T cells, but how protective CD4+ T cell responses are generated is poorly understood. Here, Cryptosporidium parasites that express MHCII-restricted model antigens were generated to understand the basis for CD4+ T cell priming and effector function. These studies revealed that parasite-specific CD4+ T cells are primed in the draining mesenteric lymph node but differentiate into Th1 cells in the gut to provide local parasite control. Although type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) were dispensable for CD4+ T cell priming, they were required for CD4+ T cell gut homing and were a source of IL-12 at the site of infection that promoted local production of IFN-γ. Thus, cDC1s have distinct roles in shaping CD4+ T cell responses to an enteric infection: first, to promote gut homing from the mesLN, and second, to drive effector responses in the intestine.
Targeting FGFR for cancer therapy
Authors: Pei Zhang, Lin Yue, QingQing Leng, Chen Chang, Cailing Gan, Tinghong Ye, Dan Cao
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

Abstract The FGFR signaling pathway is integral to cellular activities, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of this pathway is implicated in numerous human cancers, positioning FGFR as a prominent therapeutic target. Here, we conduct a comprehensive review of the function, signaling pathways and abnormal alterations of FGFR, as well as its role in tumorigenesis and development. Additionally, we provide an in-depth analysis of pivotal phase 2 and 3 clinical trials evaluating the performance and safety of FGFR inhibitors in oncology, thereby shedding light on the current state of clinical research in this field. Then, we highlight four drugs that have been approved for marketing by the FDA, offering insights into their molecular mechanisms and clinical achievements. Our discussion encompasses the intricate landscape of FGFR-driven tumorigenesis, current techniques for pinpointing FGFR anomalies, and clinical experiences with FGFR inhibitor regimens. Furthermore, we discuss the inherent challenges of targeting the FGFR pathway, encompassing resistance mechanisms such as activation by gatekeeper mutations, alternative pathways, and potential adverse reactions. By synthesizing the current evidence, we underscore the potential of FGFR-centric therapies to enhance patient prognosis, while emphasizing the imperative need for continued research to surmount resistance and optimize treatment modalities.
Clinical Validation of a Cell-Free DNA Fragmentome Assay for Augmentation of Lung Cancer Early Detection
Authors: Peter J. Mazzone, Peter B. Bach, Jacob Carey, Caitlin A. Schonewolf, Katalin Bognar, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Marcia Cruz-Correa, David Gierada, Sonali Kotagiri, Kathryn Lloyd, Fabien Maldonado, Jesse D. Ortendahl, Lecia V. Sequist, Gerard A. Silvestri, Nichole Tanner, Jeffrey C. Thompson, Anil Vachani, Kwok-Kin Wong, Ali H. Zaidi, Joseph Catallini, Ariel Gershman, Keith Lumbard, Laurel K. Millberg, Jeff Nawrocki, Carter Portwood, Aakanksha Rangnekar, Carolina Campos Sheridan, Niti Trivedi, Tony Wu, Yuhua Zong, Lindsey Cotton, Allison Ryan, Christopher Cisar, Alessandro Leal, Nicholas Dracopoli, Robert B. Scharpf, Victor E. Velculescu, Luke R. G. Pike
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2024)

Lung cancer screening via annual low-dose computed tomography has poor adoption. We conducted a prospective case-control study among 958 individuals eligible for lung cancer screening to develop a blood-based lung cancer detection test that when positive is followed by a low-dose computed tomography. Changes in genome-wide cell-free DNA fragmentation profiles (fragmentomes) in peripheral blood reflected genomic and chromatin characteristics of lung cancer. We applied machine learning to fragmentome features to identify individuals who were more or less likely to have lung cancer. We trained the classifier using 576 cases and controls from study samples and validated it in a held-out group of 382 cases and controls. The validation demonstrated high sensitivity for lung cancer and consistency across demographic groups and comorbid conditions. Applying test performance to the screening eligible population in a 5-year model with modest utilization assumptions suggested the potential to prevent thousands of lung cancer deaths. Significance: Lung cancer screening has poor adoption. Our study describes the development and validation of a novel blood-based lung cancer screening test utilizing a highly affordable, low-coverage genome-wide sequencing platform to analyze cell-free DNA fragmentation patterns. The test could improve lung cancer screening rates leading to substantial public health benefits. See related commentary by Haber and Skates, p. 2025.