tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Facts and Hopes in the Systemic Therapy of Biliary Tract Carcinomas
Authors: Angela Lamarca, Teresa Macarulla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are a heterogeneous group of cancers that continue to present a particularly poor prognosis. BTC treatment is rapidly evolving yet facing many challenges to improve patient outcomes and maximize benefit from treatment. Only a minority of patients are diagnosed with early-stage disease and are suitable for curative resection. Current surgical strategies are limited by a high relapse rate, and despite extensive efforts focused on adjuvant strategies, the development of more effective adjuvant strategies remains a challenge. In addition, the role of locoregional strategies, liver transplant, and neoadjuvant treatment remains unclear. Systemic treatment in the advanced setting is based on three main pillars: first, cytotoxic chemotherapy options; second, the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy; and third, targeted therapies. The role of targeted therapies is oriented by many promising targets, including IDH1 mutations, FGFR2 fusions, BRAF-V600E mutations, and HER2 amplifications. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current facts and future hopes in the management of BTC, including an overview of the unmet need, and particularly focus on systemic therapies.
Memory T-cell enriched haploidentical transplantation with NK cell addback results in promising long-term outcomes: a phase II trial
Authors: Swati Naik, Ying Li, Aimee C. Talleur, Subodh Selukar, Emily Ashcraft, Cheng Cheng, Renee M. Madden, Ewelina Mamcarz, Amr Qudeimat, Akshay Sharma, Ashok Srinivasan, Ali Y. Suliman, Rebecca Epperly, Esther A. Obeng, M. Paulina Velasquez, Deanna Langfitt, Sarah Schell, Jean-Yves Métais, Paula Y. Arnold, Diego R. Hijano, Gabriela Maron, Thomas E. Merchant, Salem Akel, Wing Leung, Stephen Gottschalk, Brandon M. Triplett
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

Abstract Background Relapse remains a challenge after transplantation in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies. Myeloablative regimens used for disease control are associated with acute and long-term adverse effects. We used a CD45RA-depleted haploidentical graft for adoptive transfer of memory T cells combined with NK-cell addback and hypothesized that maximizing the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect might allow for reduction in intensity of conditioning regimen. Methods In this phase II clinical trial (NCT01807611), 72 patients with hematological malignancies (complete remission (CR)1: 25, ≥ CR2: 28, refractory disease: 19) received haploidentical CD34 + enriched and CD45RA-depleted hematopoietic progenitor cell grafts followed by NK-cell infusion. Conditioning included fludarabine, thiotepa, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, total lymphoid irradiation, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of a short-course sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil without serotherapy. Results The 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free-survival (EFS) for patients in CR1 were 92% (95% CI:72–98) and 88% (95% CI: 67–96); ≥ CR2 were 81% (95% CI: 61–92) and 68% (95% CI: 47–82) and refractory disease were 32% (95% CI: 11–54) and 20% (95% CI: 6–40). The 3-year EFS for all patients in morphological CR was 77% (95% CI: 64–87) with no difference amongst recipients with or without minimal residual disease ( P = 0.2992). Immune reconstitution was rapid, with mean CD3 and CD4 T-cell counts of 410/μL and 140/μL at day + 30. Cumulative incidence of acute GVHD and chronic GVHD was 36% and 26% but most patients with acute GVHD recovered rapidly with therapy. Lower rates of grade III-IV acute GVHD were observed with NK-cell alloreactive donors ( P = 0.004), and higher rates of moderate/severe chronic GVHD occurred with maternal donors ( P = 0.035). Conclusion The combination of a CD45RA-depleted graft and NK-cell addback led to robust immune reconstitution maximizing the GVL effect and allowed for use of a submyeloablative, TBI-free conditioning regimen that was associated with excellent EFS resulting in promising long-term outcomes in this high-risk population. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01807611).
Measurable residual disease in haematological and solid cancers
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Robert Peter Gale
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

Increased understanding of the phenotype and genotype abnormalities associated with cancer including cytogenetic, immune and molecular features has facilitated development of tests to identify and quantify residual cancer cells not detected by conventional methods.Progress is especially rapid in haematological compared with solid cancers.Starting from modestly accurate assays for measurable residual disease (MRD), testing is being used at many centres and available from commercial laboratories.The hope is results of these tests will provide clinically meaningful predictive and/or prognostic data and inform therapy decision-making.We created a recent online collection of articles on MRD focusing on critical analyses of the extent to which these goals have been achieved in haematological and solid cancerssee www.nature.com/collections/mrd.Leukemia has always been interested in MRD.The change from the subjective term minimal residual disease to measurable residual disease, an objective term when assay conditions are specified, derives from an article published in Leukemia 10 years ago by Goldman and Gale [1] and is now widely-adopted.Efficacy and use of results of MRD-testing varies between different blood cancers.The best established is in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) where a canonical mutation, BCR::ABL1, facilitated development and standardisation of MRD assays and where results of MRD-testing are routinely used to direct and when to stop therapy.Three Perspectives in this Collection discuss clinical use of MRD-testing in haematological cancers.Ofran & Rowe review use of MRD-testing in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) discussing its value compared with cytogenetics testing [2].Next, Del Giudice & Foà summarise where we stand with MRDtesting in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) [3].In a 3rd Walter briefly reviews the current role of MRD-testing in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) [4].The last Perspective by Chen and colleagues considers MRD-testing in haematological and solid cancers [5].The authors discuss limitations inherent in MRD-testing and interrogate the strength of data supporting the use of MRD data for therapy decisions [5].Our hope is readers of the Collection will benefit from the nuanced insights and practical implications provided by these articles, especially the critical analyses.Readers interested in more in-depth discussions of MRD-testing in haematological cancers may want to consult these excellent references in Leukemia [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].As Chen and colleagues noted quoting Lord Kelvin: When you can measure what you are speaking about and express it in numbers, you know something about it.
Effectiveness and safety of Governor vessel acupuncture therapy for post-stroke cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ji-Ze Han, Yang Yang, Yi-Fan Wang, Jia-hao Feng, Cheng-Ning Song, Wei-Jie Wu, Hai-bo Lin
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2024)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Governor vessel acupuncture (GV Ac) in treating post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).
FDG-Avid Metastatic Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Intussusception
Authors: Bilal M. Omery, Roberto F. Rojas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 47-year-old man with a history of metastatic non-clear cell left renal cell carcinoma, unclassified subtype, status post left radical nephrectomy 4 years prior, and treated with immunotherapy for approximately 2½ years, presented for 18 F-FDG PET/CT exam 7 months after immunotherapy was stopped. A contrast-enhanced CT exam performed 3 weeks prior demonstrated a new small bowel intussusception in the left upper quadrant. The PET/CT demonstrated focal FDG uptake in the segment of small bowel involved in the intussusception. Pathology from small bowel resection demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Incidental 68Ga-PSMA Uptake in the Benign Enchondroma—A Rare Finding on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Parneet Singh, Keerthana Kiran Kandula, Ranjan Kumar Patel, Girish Kumar Parida, Kanhaiyalal Agrawal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

68 Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-HBED-CC (N,N'-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) PET/CT is the new advancement in oncological imaging. However, false-positive uptake can be seen in benign lesions on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT. We describe a rare case of intense 68 Ga-PSMA uptake in an enchondroma confirmed on MRI.
A climatic suitability indicator to support Leishmania infantum surveillance in Europe: a modelling study
Authors: Bruno M. Carvalho, Carla Maia, Orin Courtenay, Alba Llabrés-Brustenga, Martín Lotto Batista, Giovenale Moirano, Kim R. van Daalen, Jan C. Semenza, Rachel Lowe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)
Massive Hepatocellular Carcinoma Combined With Giant Uterine Fibroid on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Bo-Lin Chen, Wen-Shan Huang, Jie-Qun Yu, Chu-Shan Yan, Jie-Hua Xu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 50-year-old woman was admitted due to a liver mass discovered by ultrasound in routine physical examination. MRI demonstrated a large hepatocellular carcinoma. It also discovered an abdominal mass simultaneously. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed for staging. PET/CT showed mixed and mild metabolism of the hepatic lesion and giant abdominopelvic mass, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma combined with a benign mass in abdominopelvic cavity from uterine was considered and finally proved pathologically. We present a rare case of woman with large liver cancer accompanied by giant uterine fibroid where 18 F-FDG PET/CT helped in making the right diagnosis.
Hereditary chronic neutrophilic leukemia in a four‐generation family without transformation to acute leukemia
Authors: Amanda Lance, Zane Chiad, Sara L. Seegers, Sarah‐Catherine Paschall, Kendra Drummond, Nury M. Steuerwald, Hsih‐Te Yang, Jenny Chen, Peter M. Voorhees, Belinda R. Avalos, Lawrence J. Druhan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by peripheral blood neutrophilia, marrow granulocyte hyperplasia, hepatosplenomegaly, and driver mutations in the colony‐stimulating factor 3 receptor ( CSF3R ). Designation of activating CSF3R mutations as a defining genomic abnormality for CNL has led to increased recognition of the disease. However, the natural history of CNL remains poorly understood with most patients reported being of older age, lacking germline data, and having poor survival, in part due to transformation to acute leukemia. CSF3R driver mutations in most patients with CNL have been reported to be acquired, although rare cases of germline mutations have been described. Here, we report the largest pedigree to date with familial CNL, spanning four generations with affected family members ranging in age from 4 to 53 years, none of whom have transformed to acute leukemia. A heterozygous T618I CSF3R mutation was identified in peripheral blood and mesenchymal stromal cells from the proband and in all affected living family members, while the unaffected family members tested were homozygous wild type. We show that the T618I mutation also confers a survival advantage to neutrophils in an MCL1‐dependent manner. Collectively, these data provide additional insights into the natural history of familial CNL arising from T618I CSF3R mutations and suggest that enhanced neutrophil survival also contributes to the high neutrophil count observed in patients with CNL.
Core knowledge and its role in explaining uniquely human cognition: Some questions
Authors: Armin W Schulz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Questions can be raised about the central status that evolutionarily ancient core knowledge systems are given in Spelke's otherwise very compelling theory. So, the existence of domain-general learning capacities has to be admitted, too, and no clear reason is provided to doubt the existence of uniquely human cognitive adaptations. All of these factors should be acknowledged when explaining human thought.
Where is the baby in core knowledge?
Authors: Hyowon Gweon, Peter Zhu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract What we know about what babies know – as represented by the core knowledge proposal – is perhaps missing a place for the baby itself. By studying the baby as an actor rather than an observer, we can better understand the origins of human intelligence as an interface between perception and action, and how humans think and learn about themselves in a complex world.
Core knowledge, visual illusions, and the discovery of the self
Authors: Marlene D Berke, Julian Jara-Ettinger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Why have core knowledge? Standard answers typically emphasize the difficulty of learning core knowledge from experience, or the benefits it confers for learning about the world. Here, we suggest a complementary reason: Core knowledge is critical for learning not just about the external world, but about the mind itself.
Is core knowledge a natural subdivision of infant cognition?
Authors: Caroline M Kaicher, Julia J Conti, Abhishek M Dedhe, Lauren S Aulet, Jessica F Cantlon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract We examine Spelke's core knowledge taxonomy and test its boundaries. We ask whether Spelke's core knowledge is a distinct type of cognition in the sense that the cognitive processes it includes and excludes are biologically and mechanically coherent.
Is there only one innate modular system for spatial navigation?
Authors: Alexandre Duval
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Spelke convincingly argues that we should posit six innate modular systems beyond the periphery (i.e., beyond low-level perception and motor control). I focus on the case of spatial navigation (Ch. 3) to claim that there remain powerful considerations in favor of positing additional innate, nonperipheral modules. This opens the door to stronger forms of nativism and nonperipheral modularism than Spelke's.
Questioning the nature and origins of the “social agent” concept
Authors: Denis Tatone, Barbara Pomiechowska
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Spelke posits that the concept of “social agent,” who performs object-directed actions to fulfill social goals, is the first noncore concept that infants acquire as they begin to learn their native language. We question this proposal on empirical grounds and theoretical grounds, and propose instead that the representation of object-mediated interactions may be supported by a dedicated prelinguistic mechanism.
Evidence for core social goal understanding (and, perhaps, core morality) in preverbal infants
Authors: J Kiley Hamlin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Spelke's What Babies Know masterfully describes infants’ impressive repertoire of core cognitive concepts, from which the suite of human knowledge is eventually built. The current commentary argues for the existence of a core concept that Spelke claims preverbal infants lack: social goal. Core social goal concepts, operative extremely early in human development, underlie infants’ basic abilities to interpret and evaluate entities within the moral world; such abilities support claims for a core moral domain.
What we don't know about what babies know: Reconsidering psychophysics, exploration, and infant behavior
Authors: Karen E Adolph, Mark A Schmuckler
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Researchers must infer "what babies know" based on what babies do. Thus, to maximize information from doing, researchers should use tasks and tools that capture the richness of infants' behaviors. We clarify Gibson's views about the richness of infants' behavior and their exploration in the service of guiding action - what Gibson called "learning about affordances."
More than language is needed to represent and combine different core knowledge components
Authors: Peter Krøjgaard, Trine Sonne, Osman S Kingo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract We question Spelke's key claim that the medium, in which contents from different core knowledge systems can be represented and combined, is language-based. Recalling an episodic memory, playing chess, and conducting mental rotation are tasks where core knowledge information is represented and combined. Although these tasks can be described by means of language, these tasks are not inherently language-based. Hence, language may be an important subset of an abstraction medium – not the medium as such.
Perceptual (roots of) core knowledge
Authors: Brian J Scholl
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Some core knowledge may be rooted in – or even identical to – well-characterized mechanisms of mid-level visual perception and attention. In the decades since it was first proposed, this possibility has inspired (and has been supported by) several discoveries in both infant cognition and adult perception, but it also faces several challenges. To what degree does What Babies Know reflect how babies see and attend ?
Not all core knowledge systems are created equal, and they are subject to revision in both children and adults
Authors: Rongzhi Liu, Fei Xu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Core knowledge systems play an important role in theories of cognitive development. However, recent studies suggest that fundamental principles of the object and agent systems can be revised by adults and preschoolers, when given small amounts of counterevidence. We argue that not all core knowledge systems are created equal, and they may be subject to revision throughout development.
The role of language in transcending core knowledge
Authors: Susan Carey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract What Babies Know ( WBK ) argues that core knowledge has a unique place in cognitive architecture, between fully perceptual and fully conceptual systems of representation. Here I argue that WBK 's core knowledge is on the perception side of the perception/cognition divide. I discuss some implications of this conclusion for the roles language learning might play in transcending core knowledge.
Response to commentaries on <i>What Babies Know</i>
Authors: Elizabeth S Spelke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Twenty-five commentaries raise questions concerning the origins of knowledge, the interplay of iconic and propositional representations in mental life, the architecture of numerical and social cognition, the sources of uniquely human cognitive capacities, and the borders among core knowledge, perception, and thought. They also propose new methods, drawn from the vibrant, interdisciplinary cognitive sciences, for addressing these questions and deepening understanding of infant minds.
Wired for society? From ego-logy to eco-logy
Authors: Laurence Kaufmann, Fabrice Clément
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Somewhat questioning Elizabeth Spelke's attempt to account for infants’ social knowledge, our commentary argues that social cognition might be divided into several specialized systems. In addition to the core system dedicated to the intersubjective dimension of close relationships, infants could be prewired to process social relationships, such as dominance, characterized by their impersonal, normative dimension.
Mechanistic insights into zinc oxide nanoparticles induced embryotoxicity via H3K9me3 modulation
Authors: Xuemei Liu, Jie Li, Ling Zhu, Jiayu Huang, Qi Zhang, Jianwu Wang, Juan Xie, Qiang Dong, Zhen Zou, Guoning Huang, Qi Gu, Jianyu Wang, Jingyu Li
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
The brain origins of early social cognition
Authors: Tobias Grossmann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract This commentary challenges Spelke's view on the early development of social cognition from a neuroscience perspective by presenting an overlooked body of evidence from neuroimaging research on joint attention with human infants. Indeed, evidence demonstrating adult-like, neural sensitivity to joint attention in young infants, supports alternative theoretical views concerning the origins of uniquely human forms of social cognition.
How do babies come to know what babies know?
Authors: David S Moore, David J Lewkowicz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Elizabeth Spelke's What Babies Know is a scholarly presentation of core knowledge theory and a masterful compendium of empirical evidence that supports it. Unfortunately, Spelke's principal theoretical assumption is that core knowledge is simply the innate product of cognitive evolution. As such, her theory fails to explicate the developmental mechanisms underlying the emergence of the cognitive systems on which that knowledge depends.
How important is it to <i>learn</i> language rather than <i>create</i> it?
Authors: Susan Goldin-Meadow
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract I focus here on concepts that are not part of core knowledge – the ability to treat people as social agents with shareable mental states. Spelke proposes that learning language from another might account for the development of these concepts. I suggest that homesigners, who create language rather than learn it, may be a potential counterexample to this hypothesis.
The key to understanding core knowledge resides in the fetus
Authors: Vincent M Reid
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract What Babies Know outlines a compelling case for why infancy research is fundamental for conceptualizing what it is to be human. There is another period in human development that is relatively inaccessible, yet is more important. In order to truly understand the nature of core knowledge, perception, and cognition, we must start not with the infant, but with the fetus.
Developmental origin of a language–cognition interface in infants: Gateway to advancing core knowledge?
Authors: Sandra R Waxman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Spelke's sweeping proposal requires greater precision in specifying the place of language in early cognition. We now know by 3 months of age, infants have already begun to forge a link between language and core cognition. This precocious link, which unfolds dynamically over development, may indeed offer an entry point for acquiring higher-order, abstract conceptual and representational capacities.
Early pragmatic expectations in human infancy
Authors: Tibor Tauzin, Pierre Jacob, György Gergely
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract There is no room for pragmatic expectations about communicative interactions in core cognition. Spelke takes the combinatorial power of the human language faculty to overcome the limits of core cognition. The question is: Why should the combinatorial power of the human language faculty support infants' pragmatic expectations not merely about speech, but also about nonverbal communicative interactions?
Learning in the social being system
Authors: Zoe Jenkin, Lori Markson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract We argue that the core social being system is unlike other core systems in that it participates in frequent, widespread learning. As a result, the social being system is less constant throughout the lifespan and less informationally encapsulated than other core systems. This learning supports the development of the precursors of bias, but also provides avenues for preempting it.