Interim Estimates of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — VISION and IVY Networks, September 2024–January 2025
Authors: Ruth Link-Gelles, Sean Chickery, Alexander Webber, Toan C. Ong, Elizabeth A.K. Rowley, Malini B. DeSilva, Kristin Dascomb, Stephanie A. Irving, Nicola P. Klein, Shaun J. Grannis, Michelle A. Barron, Sarah E. Reese, Charlene McEvoy, Tamara Sheffield, Allison L. Naleway, Ousseny Zerbo, Colin Rogerson, Wesley H. Self, Yuwei Zhu, Adam S. Lauring, Emily T. Martin, Ithan D. Peltan, Adit A. Ginde, Nicholas M. Mohr, Kevin W. Gibbs, David N. Hager, Matthew E. Prekker, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas Johnson, Jay S. Steingrub, Akram Khan, Jamie R. Felzer, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida Qadir, Christopher Mallow, Jennie H. Kwon, Cristie Columbus, Ivana A. Vaughn, Basmah Safdar, Jarrod M. Mosier, Estelle S. Harris, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Cassandra Johnson, Karthik Natarajan, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Sascha Ellington, Emily L. Reeves, Jennifer DeCuir, Meredith McMorrow, Clinton R. Paden, Amanda B. Payne, Fatimah S. Dawood, Diya Surie, Joshua Acidera, Laura Aguilar Marquez, Omobosola Akinsete, Harith Ali, Erika Alor, Ike Appleton, Julie Arndorfer, Olivia Arter, Sarah W. Ball, Jaskiran Bansal, Anna Barrow, Leonard Basobas, Adrienne Baughman, Paul W. Blair, Lawrence Block, Bryce Bosworth, Noah Brazer, Genesis Briceno, Daniel Bride, Samuel M. Brown, Sydney Buehrig, Ashley Bychkowski, Sukantha Chandresakaran, Steven Y. Chang, Catia Chavez, Dylan Clark, Sydney A. Cornelison, Jonathan M. Davis, Brian E. Dixon, Thomas J. Duszynski, Inih Essien, Yvette Evans, William F. Fadel, Cathy Fairfield, Courtney Feitsam, Samantha Ferguson, Tammy Fisher, Omai Garner, Sheila Gasparek, Heath Gibbs, Daniela Gonzalez, Alexandra June Gordon, Anirudh Goyal, Carlos G. Grijalva, Sydney Guthrie-Baker, Jacob Hampton, John Hansen, Ebaad Haq, Adrian Hernandez-Frausto, Kinsley Hubel, Mariana Hurutado-Rodriguez, Cameron Hypes, Karen B. Jacobson, Milad Karami Jouzestani, Sindhuja Koneru, Padma Koppolu, Olivia Krol, Lily Lau, Jenna Lumpkin, Karen Lutrick, Cara T. Lwin, Kevin Ma, Kimberly Manchester, Denisse Mariscal, Amanda Martinez, David Mayer, Rylie McBride, David McDonald, Maile McKeown, Sachina Mensah, Nicholas Mohr, Paul Nassar, Caroline O'Neil, Josh Van Otterloo, Elianora Ovchiyan, Bijal Parikh, Jose Pena, Cynthia Perez, Gabriela Perez, Vanessa Pitre, Edvinas Pocius, Jacob Rademacher, Mayur Ramesh, Caitlin Ray, Carolina Rivas, Safa Saeed, Akshay Saluja, Elizabeth Salvagio Campbell, Carleigh Samuels, Maria Santana-Garces, Tanisha Shack, Samantha Simon, Ine Sohn, Vasisht Srinivasan, Hannah Strait, Amy Sullivan, H. Keipp Talbot, Grace Kyin-ye Tam, Shruti Tirumala, Cody Tran, Emily Tribbett, Alyssa Valencia, Ivan Valesquez, Lucy Vogt, Kim Vu, Francesca Yerbic, Arda Yigitkanli, Anne Zepeski
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

COVID-19 vaccination averted approximately 68,000 hospitalizations during the 2023-24 respiratory season. In June 2024, CDC and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine, which targets Omicron JN.1 and JN.1-derived sublineages. Interim effectiveness of 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccines was estimated against COVID-19-associated emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) visits during September 2024-January 2025 among adults aged ≥18 years in one CDC-funded vaccine effectiveness (VE) network, against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years in two networks, and against COVID-19-associated hospitalization among adults aged ≥65 years with immunocompromising conditions in one network. Among adults aged ≥18 years, VE against COVID-19-associated ED/UC visits was 33% (95% CI = 28%-38%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. Among immunocompetent adults aged ≥65 years from two CDC networks, VE estimates against COVID-19-associated hospitalization were 45% (95% CI = 36%-53%) and 46% (95% CI = 26%-60%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. Among adults aged ≥65 years with immunocompromising conditions in one network, VE was 40% (95% CI = 21%-54%) during the first 7-119 days after vaccination. These findings demonstrate that vaccination with a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose provides additional protection against COVID-19-associated ED/UC encounters and hospitalizations compared with not receiving a 2024-2025 dose and support current CDC and ACIP recommendations that all persons aged ≥6 months receive a 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine dose.