tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Underuse of Antiviral Drugs to Prevent Progression to Severe COVID-19 — Veterans Health Administration, March–September 2022
Authors: Paul A. Monach, Sonia T. Anand, Nathanael R. Fillmore, Jennifer La, Westyn Branch-Elliman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Antiviral drugs reduce the rate of progression to severe COVID-19 when given to patients with mild-to-moderate disease within 5 days of symptom onset.Despite being recommended for patients at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19 because of age or chronic conditions, reported antiviral use among the general adult population has been ≤35%.To ascertain reasons for underuse of antiviral medications to prevent severe COVID-19 and propose interventions accordingly, a detailed review was conducted of 110 Veterans Health Administration patients with mild-to-moderate infection at high risk for progression because of underlying conditions (organ transplantation or hematologic malignancies) who did not receive an antiviral drug.Among these 110 patients, all of whom had received COVID-19 vaccine, 22 (20.0%) were offered treatment but declined, and 88 (80.0%) were not offered treatment.Among the 88 patients not offered treatment, provider reasons included symptom duration of >5 days (22.7%), concern about possible drug interactions (5.7%), or absence of symptoms (22.7%); however, among nearly one half (43 of 88; 48.9%) of these patients, no reason other than mild symptoms was given.Among 24 (55.8%) of those 43 patients, follow-up was limited to telephone calls to report test results and inquire about symptom evolution, with no documentation of treatment being offered.These findings suggest that education of patients, providers, and medical personnel tasked with follow-up calls, combined with advance planning in the event of a positive test result, might improve the rate of recommended antiviral medication use to prevent severe COVID-19-associated illness, including death.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Children and Adolescents Aged ≤17 Years Who Visited an Urgent Care Center or a Clinic in a Drug Store or Grocery Store in the Past 12 Months,† by Age Group and Year — National Health Interview Survey,§ United States, 2021–2022
Authors: Elizabeth Briones
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

All ages Percentage Age group, yrs 12-17 6-11 0-5 2021 2022 * With 95% CIs indicated by error bars.† Based on responses to the survey question, "During the past 12 months, how many times has (child's name) gone to an urgent care center or clinic in a drug store or grocery store about his/her/their health?"§ Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population and are derived from the National Health Interview Survey Sample Child component.The percentage of children and adolescents aged ≤17 years who had at least one visit to an urgent care center or a clinic in a drug store or grocery store in the past 12 months increased from 21.6% in 2021 to 28.4% in 2022.This increase was noted for all age groups during 2021-2022.In 2021, urgent care or retail health clinic visits were lower among children aged 0-5 years than those aged 6-11 years and 12-17 years.In 2022, visits for those aged 12-17 years (30.3%) were higher than for those aged 6-11 years (26.6%).Other observed differences among age groups were not significant.
Deaths of U.S. Citizens Undergoing Cosmetic Surgery — Dominican Republic, 2009–2022
Authors: Matthew Hudson, Jose A. Matos, Bianca Alvarez, Jacqueline Safstrom, Francisco Torres, Sharmeen Premjee, Luis Bonilla, Benjamin Park, Elizabeth Bancroft, Macarena Garcia
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Although infections resulting from cosmetic surgery performed outside the United States have been regularly reported, deaths have rarely been identified.During 2009-2022, 93 U.S. citizens died after receiving cosmetic surgery in the Dominican Republic.The number of deaths increased from a mean of 4.1 per year during 2009-2018 to a mean of 13.0 during 2019-2022 with a peak in of 17 in 2020.A subset of postcosmetic surgery deaths occurring during peak years was investigated, and most deaths were found to be the result of embolic events (fat emboli or venous thromboembolism) for which a high proportion of the patients who died had risk factors, including obesity and having multiple procedures performed during the same operation.These risk factors might have been mitigated or prevented with improved surgical protocols and postoperative medical care, including prophylactic measures against venous thromboembolism.U.S. citizens interested in receiving elective cosmetic surgery outside the United States should consult with their health care professionals regarding their risk for adverse outcomes.Public health authorities can support provider education on the importance of preoperative patient evaluation and the potential danger of performing multiple cosmetic procedures in one operation.
Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Diseases Among Racial and Ethnic Subgroups in Adults — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2013–2021
Authors: Alain K. Koyama, Kai McKeever Bullard, Fang Xu, Stephen Onufrak, Sandra L. Jackson, Ryan Saelee, Yoshihisa Miyamoto, Meda E. Pavkov
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Although diabetes and cardiovascular disease account for substantial disease prevalence among adults in the United States, their prevalence among racial and ethnic subgroups is inadequately characterized.To fill this gap, CDC described the prevalence of diagnosed cardiometabolic diseases among U.S. adults, by disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups, among 3,970,904 respondents to the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System during 2013-2021.Prevalence of each disease (diabetes, myocardial infarction, angina or coronary heart disease, and stroke), stratified by race and ethnicity, was based on self-reported diagnosis by a health care professional, adjusting for age, sex, and survey year.Overall, mean respondent age was 47.5 years, and 51.4% of respondents were women.Prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases among disaggregated race and ethnicity subgroups varied considerably.For example, diabetes prevalence within the aggregated non-Hispanic Asian category (11.5%) ranged from 6.3% in the Vietnamese subgroup to 15.2% in the Filipino subgroup.Prevalence of angina or coronary heart disease for the aggregated Hispanic or Latino category (3.8%) ranged from 3.1% in the Cuban subgroup to 6.3% in the Puerto Rican subgroup.Disaggregation of cardiometabolic disease prevalence data by race and ethnicity identified health disparities among subgroups that can be used to better help guide prevention programs and develop culturally relevant interventions.* https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html#anchor_40084cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke) (1).Few recent studies have provided estimates of the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases in disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups in large nationwide samples (2,3).Documentation of racial and ethnic disparities in cardiometabolic diseases is typically aggregated because sample sizes are insufficient or because racial and ethnic subgroup data were not collected.These limitations can obscure differences in disease prevalence among disaggregated subgroups that might result from differences in social determinants of health and other drivers of health inequities.Although racial and ethnic disparities in cardiometabolic disease prevalence have been documented, †, §, ¶ a disaggregated analysis of racial and ethnic groups might better characterize † https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/
Pulmonary phase contrast CT imaging: a novel setup at the Italian synchrotron for the study of fresh lungs at human scale
Authors: Christian Dullin, Willi Linus Wagner, Marco Confalonieri, Giuliana Tromba
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) remains the current gold standard for detailed morphological assessment of the human lung but is intrinsically limited in spatial resolution to about 0.5 mm, because an increase in spatial resolution is accompanied by a significant increase in the required radiation dose. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Pierre-Régis Burgel reports support for the present manuscript from Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Société Française de la Mucoviscidose, Filière Maladie Rare Muco CFTR. In addition, Pierre-Régis Burgel reports grants from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, GSK; consulting fees from Astra Zeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Insmed, Vertex, Viatris, Zambon; travel support Astra Zeneca, Chiesi; outside the submitted work. Conflict of Interest: All authors have nothing to disclose.
Dural mural cells paint an anti-inflammatory picture
Authors: Nicole C. Lummis, Benjamin D. Gastfriend, Richard Daneman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Mural cells directly contact macrophages in the dural layer of the meninges to suppress pro-inflammatory phenotypes, including antigen presentation and lymphocyte differentiation. These mechanisms represent new targets for modulating CNS immune surveillance and pathological inflammation (Min et al. 2024. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230326).
Author Correction: The Cyclophilin A–CD147 complex promotes the proliferation and homing of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Di Zhu, Zhongqiu Wang, Jian-Jun Zhao, Teresa Calimeri, Jiang Meng, Teru Hideshima, Mariateresa Fulciniti, Yue Kang, Scott B. Ficarro, Yu-Tzu Tai, Zachary Hunter, Douglas McMilin, Haoxuan Tong, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Catherine J. Wu, Steven P. Treon, David M. Dorfman, Geraldine Pinkus, Nikhil C. Munshi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Jarrod A. Marto, Kenneth C. Anderson, Ruben D. Carrasco
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Gene panel selection for targeted spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Yida Zhang, Viktor Petukhov, Evan Biederstedt, Richard Que, Kun Zhang, Peter V. Kharchenko
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

Targeted spatial transcriptomics hold particular promise in analyzing complex tissues. Most such methods, however, measure only a limited panel of transcripts, which need to be selected in advance to inform on the cell types or processes being studied. A limitation of existing gene selection methods is their reliance on scRNA-seq data, ignoring platform effects between technologies. Here we describe gpsFISH, a computational method performing gene selection through optimizing detection of known cell types. By modeling and adjusting for platform effects, gpsFISH outperforms other methods. Furthermore, gpsFISH can incorporate cell type hierarchies and custom gene preferences to accommodate diverse design requirements.
MAHI: a multidimensional access to healthcare index for hijra, kothi, and transgender individuals
Authors: Shamayeta Bhattacharya, Debarchana Ghosh
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background Gender-diverse individuals encounter a greater number of barriers to healthcare access, stemming from stigma, insufficient awareness, unavailability of gender-affirming healthcare, limited social support, and minimal legal protections. These barriers have a differential impact on healthcare access for the hijra, kothi, or transgender (HKT) communities in India.
Belantamab mafodotin, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone in transplant‐ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: Analysis of belantamab mafodotin‐associated ocular adverse events and their impact on daily functioning from the part 1 of a phase 1/2 study
Authors: Maria Gavriatopoulou, Ioannis Ntanasis‐Stathopoulos, Panagiotis Malandrakis, Despina Fotiou, Magdalini Migkou, Foteini Theodorakakou, Vasiliki Spiliopoulou, Nikolaos Kanellias, Evangelos Eleutherakis‐Papaiakovou, Maria Roussou, Giorgos Psarros, Efstathios Kastritis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Evangelos Terpos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)
Soluble <scp>B‐cell</scp> maturation antigen in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bruno Almeida Costa, Ricardo J. Ortiz, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Joshua Richter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic target in multiple myeloma (MM) management, with the successive approval of antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies directed to this membrane receptor. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA), a truncated version produced through gamma-secretase cleavage, can be quantified in serum/plasma samples from patients with MM via electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, as well as through mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Besides its short serum half-life and independence from kidney function, sBCMA represents a reliable and convenient tool for MM monitoring in patients with nonsecretory or oligosecretory disease. Numerous studies have suggested a potential utility of this bioanalyte in the risk stratification of premalignant plasma cell disorders, diagnosis and prognostication of MM, and response evaluation following anti-myeloma therapies. In short, sBCMA might be the "Swiss army knife" of MM laboratory testing, but is it ready for prime time?
AI-based decision support to optimize complex care for preventing medication-related falls
Authors: Bob van de Loo, Annemiek J. Linn, Stephanie Medlock, Wesna Belimbegovski, Lotta J. Seppala, Julia C. M. van Weert, Ameen Abu-Hanna, Natasja M. van Schoor, Nathalie van der Velde
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Parental stress and food allergy phenotypes in young children: A National Birth Cohort (<scp>JECS</scp>)
Authors: Kiwako Yamamoto‐Hanada, Kyongsun Pak, Shintaro Iwamoto, Mizuho Konishi, Mayako Saito‐Abe, Miori Sato, Yumiko Miyaji, Hidetoshi Mezawa, Minaho Nishizato, Limin Yang, Natsuhiko Kumasaka, Yukihiro Ohya
Journal: Allergy (2024)

Abstract Background Food allergy children and their families tend to have emotional distress and anxiety. There have been few reports of differences in parenting stress and a child's food allergy phenotypes. Methods We examined the associations between food allergy phenotypes in children and parenting stress assessed by the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI‐SF) from a national birth cohort (Japan Environment and Children's Study). Results We included 65,805 children for statistical analysis. Of them, 7.2% of children had a food allergy diagnosis at 2 years old. The means of the total PSI‐SF (39.9 ± 10.3, 39.1 ± 9.9), CD‐SF (19.5 ± 5.4, 19.1 ± 5.2), and PD‐SF (20.5 ± 6.3, 20.0 ± 6.1) scores are similar for caregivers in the with and without food allergy groups. Food allergy diagnosis resulted in significantly higher total PSI scores (coefficient .47, 95% CI 0.19–0.75, p = .001), CD‐SF (coefficient .22, 95% CI 0.07–0.38, p = .004), and PD‐SF (coefficient .24, 95% CI 0.08–0.41, p = .004). A similar trend was observed for allergy reactions to hen's egg. However, there was no clear relationship between allergic reactions to milk, wheat, nuts, and PSI‐SF. Conclusions Parental stress was significantly related to a child's food allergy. Furthermore, hen's egg allergy increased parental stress. Multiple food avoidance might also increase parental stress. Healthcare providers need to be aware of parental stress in our daily clinic.
Precision Medicine in Parkinson's Disease Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Min Seong Kim, Hyesoo Kim, Gabsang Lee
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most devastating neurological diseases; however, there is no effective cure yet. The availability of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides unprecedented opportunities to understand the pathogenic mechanism and identification of new therapy for PD. Here a new model system of PD, including 2D human iPSC-derived midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons, 3D iPSC-derived midbrain organoids (MOs) with cellular complexity, and more advanced microphysiological systems (MPS) with 3D organoids, is introduced. It is believed that successful integrations and applications of iPSC, organoid, and MPS technologies can bring new insight on PD's pathogenesis that will lead to more effective treatments for this debilitating disease.
A synthetic microbial consortium protects against obesity by regulating vitamin B6 metabolism
Authors: Xiuzhao Chen, Mengxue Gao, Lina Wang, Guifen Qiang, Yili Wu, He Huang, Guangbo Kang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Constructing synthetic microbial consortia is a challenging task but holds enormous potential for various applications. Our previous droplet-based microfluidic approach allowed for the isolation of bacteria that could utilize metabolites from an engineered bacterium BsS-RS06551 with anti-obesity potential, facilitating the construction of synthetic microbial consortia. Here, we identified a strain of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JJ3 that interacted with BsS-RS06551, and in vitro coculture showed that BsS-RS06551 was likely to interact with JJ3 through five dipeptides. Pathway analysis revealed that the vitamin B6 metabolism pathway was enriched in the coculture of BsS-RS06551 and JJ3 compared with the individual culture of BsS-RS06551. Additionally, we confirmed that the administration of JJ3 significantly alleviated obesity and related disorders in mice fed a high-fat diet. Notably, continuous ingestion of the synthetic microbial consortium comprising BsS-RS06551 and JJ3 not only exhibited a more pronounced impact on alleviating obesity compared to the individual administration of BsS-RS06551 or JJ3 but also enriched the population of Bifidobacterium longum and perturbed the vitamin B6 metabolism pathway in the gut. Synthetic microbial consortia represent a promising frontier for synthetic biology, and our strategy provides guidance for constructing and applying such consortia.
Essential thrombocythemia: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Tiziano Barbui
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Essential thrombocythemia is a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mutation-prevalent myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by clonal thrombocytosis; clinical course is often indolent but might be interrupted by thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, microcirculatory symptoms (e.g., headaches, lightheadedness, and acral paresthesias), and, less frequently, by disease transformation into myelofibrosis (MF) or acute myeloid leukemia.
Neurological development in children born moderately or late preterm: national cohort study
Authors: Ayoub Mitha, Ruoqing Chen, Neda Razaz, Stefan Johansson, Olof Stephansson, Maria Altman, Jenny Bolk
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Abstract Objective To assess long term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born at different gestational ages, particularly 32-33 weeks (moderately preterm) and 34-36 weeks (late preterm), compared with 39-40 weeks (full term). Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants 1 281 690 liveborn singleton children without congenital malformations born at 32 +0 to 41 +6 weeks between 1998 and 2012. Main outcome measures The primary outcomes of interest were motor, cognitive, epileptic, hearing, and visual impairments and a composite of any neurodevelopmental impairment, diagnosed up to age 16 years. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for parental and infant characteristics in the study population and in the subset of full siblings. Risk differences were also estimated to assess the absolute risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Results During a median follow-up of 13.1 years (interquartile range 9.5-15.9 years), 75 311 (47.8 per 10 000 person years) liveborn singleton infants without congenital malformations had at least one diagnosis of any neurodevelopmental impairment: 5899 (3.6 per 10 000 person years) had motor impairment, 27 371 (17.0 per 10 000 person years) cognitive impairment, 11 870 (7.3 per 10 000 person years) epileptic impairment, 19 700 (12.2 per 10 000 person years) visual impairment, and 20 393 (12.6 per 10 000 person years) hearing impairment. Children born moderately or late preterm, compared with those born full term, showed higher risks for any impairment (hazard ratio 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.60 to 1.87) and 1.30 (1.26 to 1.35); risk difference 4.75% (95% confidence interval 3.88% to 5.60%) and 2.03% (1.75% to 2.35%), respectively) as well as motor, cognitive, epileptic, visual, and hearing impairments. Risks for neurodevelopmental impairments appeared highest from 32 weeks (the earliest gestational age), gradually declined until 41 weeks, and were also higher at 37-38 weeks (early term) compared with 39-40 weeks. In the sibling comparison analysis (n=349 108), most associations remained stable except for gestational age and epileptic and hearing impairments, where no association was observed; for children born early term the risk was only higher for cognitive impairment compared with those born full term. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that children born moderately or late preterm have higher risks of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The risks should not be underestimated as these children comprise the largest proportion of children born preterm. The findings may help professionals and families achieve a better risk assessment and follow-up.
Clinical Characteristics of <scp>Cryopyrin‐Associated</scp> Periodic Syndrome and <scp>Long‐Term Real‐World</scp> Efficacy and Tolerability of Canakinumab in Japan: Results of a Nationwide Survey
Authors: Takayuki Miyamoto, Kazushi Izawa, Sho Masui, Atsue Yamazaki, Yuichi Yamasaki, Tadashi Matsubayashi, Mayuka Shiraki, Hidenori Ohnishi, Junko Yasumura, Tomohiro Kawabe, Takako Miyamae, Tomoyo Matsubara, Naoya Arakawa, Takashi Ishige, Takumi Takizawa, Asami Shimbo, Masaki Shimizu, Naoki Kimura, Yuichi Maeda, Yuta Maruyama, Tomonari Shigemura, Junichi Furuta, Satoshi Sato, Hiroshi Tanaka, Miharu Izumikawa, Masahiro Yamamura, Toshio Hasegawa, Hiroshi Kaneko, Yasuo Nakagishi, Naoko Nakano, Yasunori Iida, Tamaki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Wakiguchi, Takayuki Hoshina, Toshinao Kawai, Kosaku Murakami, Shuji Akizuki, Akio Morinobu, Koichiro Ohmura, Katsuhide Eguchi, Motoshi Sonoda, Masataka Ishimura, Kenji Furuno, Momoko Kashiwado, Masaaki Mori, Kimito Kawahata, Koremasa Hayama, Kumiko Shimoyama, Natsuko Sasaki, Taisuke Ito, Hiroaki Umebayashi, Tae Omori, Seiko Nakamichi, Tomotsune Dohmoto, Yasuyuki Hasegawa, Hisashi Kawashima, Shojiro Watanabe, Yuichiro Taguchi, Haruna Nakaseko, Naomi Iwata, Hiroki Kohno, Taiki Ando, Yasuhiko Ito, Yuko Kataoka, Takako Saeki, Utako Kaneko, Ayako Murase, Seira Hattori, Tomo Nozawa, Kenichi Nishimura, Reiji Nakano, Misa Watanabe, Masato Yashiro, Tomonori Nakamura, Toshihiko Komai, Kentaro Kato, Yoshitaka Honda, Eitaro Hiejima, Atsushi Yonezawa, Kazuhisa Bessho, Satoshi Okada, Osamu Ohara, Junko Takita, Takahiro Yasumi, Ryuta Nishikomori
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

We assess the clinical characteristics of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) in Japan and evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitors, primarily canakinumab.