tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of circular RNAs in cancer therapy resistance
Authors: Wenjuan Liu, Jiling Niu, Yanfei Huo, Long Zhang, Linyu Han, Nasha Zhang, Ming Yang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Over the past decade, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained recognition as a novel class of genetic molecules, many of which are implicated in cancer pathogenesis via different mechanisms, including drug resistance, immune escape, and radio-resistance. ExosomalcircRNAs, in particular, facilitatecommunication between tumour cells and micro-environmental cells, including immune cells, fibroblasts, and other components. Notably, micro-environmental cells can reportedly influence tumour progression and treatment resistance by releasing exosomalcircRNAs. circRNAs often exhibit tissue- and cancer-specific expression patterns, and growing evidence highlights their potential clinical relevance and utility. These molecules show strong promise as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, this review aimed to briefly discuss the latest findings on the roles and resistance mechanisms of key circRNAs in the treatment of various malignancies, including lung, breast, liver, colorectal, and gastric cancers, as well as haematological malignancies and neuroblastoma.This review will contribute to the identification of new circRNA biomarkers for the early diagnosis as well as therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.
Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumor microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with HIV infection
Authors: Yuanli Zuo, Yang Jin, Gang Li, Yue Ming, Ting Fan, Yitong Pan, Xiaojun Yao, Yong Peng
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the most prevalent viruses, causing significant immune depletion in affected individuals. Current treatments can control HIV and prolong patients' lives, but new challenges have emerged. Increasing incidence of cancers occur in HIV patients. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers observed in HIV patients. However, the spatial cellular characteristics of HIV-related ESCC have not been explored, and the differences between HIV-ESCC and typical ESCC remain unclear. We performed spatial transcriptome sequencing on HIV-ESCC samples to depict the microenvironment and employed cell communication analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence to investigate the molecular mechanism in HIV-ESCC. We found that HIV-ESCC exhibited a unique cellular composition, with fibroblasts and epithelial cells intermixed throughout the tumor tissue, lacking obvious spatial separation, while other cell types were sparse. Besides, HIV-ESCC exhibited an immune desert phenotype, characterized by a low degree of immune cell infiltration, with only a few SPP1+ macrophages showing immune resistance functions. Cell communication analysis and multiplex immunofluorescence staining revealed that tumor fibroblasts in HIV-ESCC interact with CD44+ epithelial cells via COL1A2, promoting the expression of PIK3R1 in epithelial cells. This interaction activates the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, which contributes to the progression of HIV-ESCC. Our findings depict the spatial microenvironment of HIV-ESCC and elucidate a molecular mechanism in the progression of HIV-ESCC. This will provide us insights into the molecular basis of HIV-ESCC and potential treatment strategies.
Cancer stem cells and niches: challenges in immunotherapy resistance
Authors: Yonglong Pan, Chaoyi Yuan, Chenglong Zeng, Chaoyang Sun, Limin Xia, Guihua Wang, Xiaoping Chen, Bixiang Zhang, Jianfeng Liu, Ze-yang Ding
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are central to tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. Characterized by remarkable self-renewal and adaptability, CSCs can transition dynamically between stem-like and differentiated states in response to external stimuli, a process termed "CSC plasticity." This adaptability underpins their resilience to therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies (ACT). Beyond intrinsic properties, CSCs reside in a specialized microenvironment—the CSC niche—which provides immune-privileged protection, sustains their stemness, and fosters immune suppression. This review highlights the critical role of CSCs and their niche in driving immunotherapy resistance, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches to overcome these challenges.
Zn2+-Driven Metformin conjugated with siRNA attenuates osteoarthritis progression by inhibiting NF-κB signaling and activating autophagy
Authors: Haoqiang He, Chanting Huang, Hongjun Huang, Nihan Lan, Siyi Liu, Yan Luo, Li Zheng, Gang Liu, Zainen Qin, Jinmin Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
CircAKT3 promotes prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis by enhancing the binding of RPS27A and RPL11
Authors: Xiaoming Song, Ziwei Wei, Cong Zhang, Dunsheng Han, Jinke Liu, Yufeng Song, Xuefeng Xie, Dingchang Shao, Mingkun Zhao, Fan Chao, Guoxiong Xu, Shiyu Wang, Gang Chen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality among PCa patients. Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recognized for their pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, the specifics of their influence within the context of PCa have yet to be fully elucidated. RT-qPCR was conducted to evaluate circAKT3 expression in PCa cells and in both tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The oncogenic role of circAKT3 was confirmed through a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistic investigations using RNA-pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunofluorescence (IF), and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays explored how circAKT3 modulates c-Myc activity via interactions with RPS27A and RPL11. Additionally, Western Blotting and further in vitro and in vivo studies assessed circAKT3's influence on PCa progression through MST1. This research identified the function and regulation of circAKT3, a circRNA derived from exons 2 to 8 of the kinase-b3 (AKT3) gene, in human PCa cells. CircAKT3 was significantly correlated with clinical indicators of disease severity, including D'Amico risk classification, the Gleason score, and pT stage. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that circAKT3 knockdown inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Lipid nanoparticles encapsulating si-circAKT3 (LNP-si-circAKT3) effectively suppressed the growth of bone tumors formed by PCa cells. Mechanistically, circAKT3 acted as a protein scaffold between ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27A) and ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11), promoting their cytoplasmic translocation and reducing nuclear RPL11 levels, ultimately diminishing RPL11's interaction with c-Myc and resulting in enhanced c-Myc-driven suppression of macrophage stimulating 1 (MST1) expression. Consequently, the decreased MST1 led to PCa progression and metastasis. CircAKT3 formation was facilitated by both flanking Alu elements and the RNA binding protein Quaking (QKI). Additionally, downregulation of the RNA helicase URH49 resulted in the nuclear accumulation of circAKT3, finally suppressing MST1 expression. Our findings suggest that circAKT3 acts as a protein scaffold, promoting the interaction between RPS27A and RPL11, thereby influencing c-Myc activity and PCa progression. This study underscores the crucial role of circAKT3 in PCa and its potential as a therapeutic target to impede malignancy progression and metastasis.
Amyloid-like fibrils derived from β-sheets of gp120 contribute to the neuronal pathology of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Chan Yang, Ruyu Wang, Chen Cheng, Jiaqi Yu, Kunyu Lu, Haobin Li, Jinshen Wang, Guodong Hu, Hao Yang, Jianfu He, Hao Su, Qingping Zhan, Suiyi Tan, Tong Zhang, Shuwen Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)
Enhancing Radiation Therapy with PARP Inhibition in Soft Tissue Sarcomas: A Promising Synergy Requiring Specific Attention to Normal Tissues?
Authors: A Levy, C Clémenson, M Mondini, C Ngo, B Verret, M Faron, A Le Cesne, C Quevrin, S Besseri, S Reichl, Y Ghannam, A Camps-Malea, D Lavigne, C Le Péchoux, E Deutsch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2025)
Reversible endoscopic gastroduodenal bypass: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastro-jejunostomy with pyloric exclusion for the treatment of persistent duodenal leaks after failed surgical repair
Authors: Kambiz Kadkhodayan, Saurabh Chandan, Artur Viana, Maham Hayat, Natalie Cosgrove, Mustafa A Arain, Deepanshu Jain, Abdullah Abassi, Sagar Pathak, Dennis Yang, Muhammad Khalid Hasan, Armando Rosales, Jay Redan, Shayan Irani
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Background: Post-surgical leaks following surgical repair of acute duodenal perforations carry high mortality. Reversible endoscopic gastroduodenal bypass (REGB) is a novel procedure that helps divert the acid-rich gastric stream away from the affected duodenum to promote tissue healing at the ulcer site. Methods: REGB is a single-session, two-step procedure involving the creation of an EUS-guided gastrojejunostomy using a lumen-apposing metal stent, followed by endosuturing and closure of the pylorus to achieve complete duodenal bypass. The outcomes of REGB and its reversal were prospectively evaluated in six patients with persistent post-surgical duodenal leaks. Results: REGB was technically successful in all six patients (100%) with no procedure-related adverse events. All patients resumed oral intake within 3 days, experienced significant reductions in surgical drain output, and were discharged. One patient with metastatic breast cancer did not undergo REGB reversal. Amongst five patients who underwent REGB-reversal after a mean of 52.6 days, technical success was achieved in all 5 patients (100%), with complete healing of duodenal ulcers, absence of leaks on fluoroscopy, and resumption of a solid food diet. Conclusion: REGB is a technically feasible, reversible, and minimally invasive alternative for managing post-surgical duodenal leaks. Further studies are needed to validate its safety and efficacy.
Identifying the Impact of Minor Risk Factors in Brigham and Women’s Hospital Stage T1 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas on Risk of Poor Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kathryn T Shahwan, Trent D Walker, Andrea Tan, Emily Ruiz, Nina Ran, Emily E Granger, Shlomo Koyfman, Alison Vidimos, Ashley Wysong, Kelsey E Hirotsu, John A Carucci, Joi B Carter, Javier Cañueto, Fabio Muradás Girardi, Aaron R Mangold, Divya Srivastava, David G Brodland, John A Zitelli, Tyler J Willenbrink, David R Carr
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
A multi-trait open-angle glaucoma polygenic risk score stratifies risk of glaucoma diagnosis and severity in eyes with pseudoexfoliation
Authors: Antonia Kolovos, Ayub Qassim, Mark M Hassall, Henry Marshall, Joshua Schmidt, Thi Thi Nguyen, Weixiong He, Sean Mullany, Georgina Hollitt, Ella Berry, Victoria Tang, Tiger Zhou, Stewart Lake, Richard Mills, John Landers, Robert J Casson, Anna Galanopoulos, Stuart L Graham, Angela Schulz, Paul R Healey, Paul Mitchell, Ivan Goldberg, John Grigg, Jonathan Ruddle, David A Mackey, Kathryn P Burdon, Alex W Hewitt, Mathias Seviiri, Puya Gharahkhani, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Owen M Siggs, Stuart MacGregor, Jamie E Craig
Journal: Ophthalmology (2025)
Synthetic Vascular Graft That Heals and Regenerates
Authors: Le Zhen, Elina Quiroga, Sharon A Creason, Ningjing Chen, Tanmay R Sapre, Jessica M Snyder, Sarah L Lindhartsen, Brendy S Fountaine, Michael C Barbour, Syed Faisal, Alberto Aliseda, Brian W Johnson, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Buddy D Ratner
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Bone morphogenetic protein 10 is increased in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: Aida Llucià-Valldeperas, Jessie van Wezenbeek, Joanne A Groeneveldt, Rowan Smal, Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues, Clarissa Becher, Azar Kianzad, Samara M A Jansen, Jeroen N Wessels, M Louis Handoko, Lilian J Meijboom, J Tim Marcus, Petr Symersky, Hans W M Niessen, Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf, Harm Jan Bogaard, Marie José Goumans, Frances S de Man
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2025)

Abstract Aims Precapillary pulmonary hypertension (precPH) results in increased right atrial (RA) stretch and pressure. The right atrium is the major source of bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) in adults, primarily produced by RA cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate BMP10 expression in the right heart and systemic circulation and to identify potential triggers for increased BMP10 secretion associated with precPH. Methods and results We examined BMP10 mRNA and protein expressions in RA tissue. Circulating BMP10 plasma levels were determined using ELISA. BMP10 transcriptional activity was studied using a BRE-Luciferase assay. Correlation analyses were performed between circulating BMP10 and RA dilatation as well as right ventricular (RV) function. Finally, we determined the impact of pressure unloading on BMP10 activity in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) patients before and after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). BMP10 mRNA, protein and activity were significantly increased in the precPH right atrium. While circulating BMP10 protein levels were elevated, no significant changes were observed in BMP10 transcriptional activity between precPH and controls. Interestingly, RA dilatation, increased RA pressure, high NTproBNP levels and reduced RV ejection fraction were associated with high BMP10 activity. Finally, pressure unloading after PEA in a cohort of CTEPH patients, resulted in reduced BMP10 activity. Conclusions In conclusion, RA BMP10 expression and plasma levels are increased in precPH, likely triggered by excessive RA dilatation and pressure overload. Future studies are needed to determine whether increased BMP10 release is an adaptive mechanism or a potential therapeutic target.
Efficacy and safety of sipavibart for prevention of COVID-19 in individuals who are immunocompromised (SUPERNOVA): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Ghady Haidar, Steven Thomas, Paul Loubet, Ross I Baker, Thomas Benfield, Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Alfred H J Kim, Erin E Longbrake, Jean-Michel Molina, Roger Paredes, David Tucker, Alison Uriel, Julia Weinmann-Menke, Anastasia A Aksyuk, Lindsay E Clegg, Alexander Currie, Haitao Yang, Karin Flyrin, Michael Gibbs, Manish Shroff, John L Perez, Lee-Jah Chang, Taylor S Cohen
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)
Herpes Zoster–induced Ganglioneuritis With Corresponding Shingles Dermatome and Its Regression Within 10 Weeks Following 6 Cycles of BEACOPP Chemotherapy
Authors: Stephan Hilliger, Felix Schön, Robert Winzer, Karolin Trautmann-Grill, Sebastian Hoberück
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 28-year-old man underwent FDG-PET/CT for Hodgkin lymphoma restaging after 6 cycles of BEACOPP chemotherapy. He had recently been diagnosed with herpes zoster, treated with antivirals, presenting with a painful rash on the right lower flank. The FDG PET scan revealed high focal FDG uptake in the right 11th spinal nerve ganglion and moderate diffuse uptake in the rash area. A follow-up scan after 10 weeks showed a complete regression of both findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of marked FDG-avid spinal ganglion indicating active ganglioneuritis and dermal herpes zoster, with complete regression on follow-up.
Concomitant ATTR and AL Cardiac Amyloidosis With Matching 99mTc-DPD Scintigraphy and 18F-Flutemetamol PET/CT
Authors: Joo Hyun O., Jong-Chan Youn, Eun Ji Han, Mi-Hyang Jung, Jung Yeon Lee, Sung-Soo Park, Yeoun Eun Sung, Chang-Ki Min
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Two distinct types of systemic amyloidosis—transthyretin (ATTR) and light chain (AL)—account for the majority of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), which have been considered mutually exclusive. Diagnostic confusion can arise when both proteins are identified from an amyloid deposit. We present a rare occurrence of histopathologically confirmed concomitant ATTR and AL CA captured on 99m Tc-3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (DPD) scan and 18 F-flutemetamol (FMM) PET/CT.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Seronegative Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis Related to Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With Coexisting Sepsis
Authors: Srinivas Ananth Kumar, Madhur Kumar Srivastava, Megha Shantiveer Uppin, Venkata Surya Subbalaxmi Malladi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is proposed to be triggered by oncoantibodies in response to the malignancies, which cross-react with the self-antigens in the neurons. Patients usually manifest a wide range of clinical presentations and neuropsychiatric symptoms like memory loss, mood changes, behavioral disorders, altered state of consciousness, and seizures. Lung carcinoma is the most common malignancy associated with PLE. Antibodies to common intracellular antigens have been associated with PLE, however, not all patients demonstrate the association. Here the authors demonstrate a rare association of seronegative PLE in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumour.
Eyelid and Parotid Gland Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Demonstrated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mehmet Samsum, Nur Aydinbelge Dizdar, Alev Cinar, Ozlem Ozmen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 67-year-old man underwent a sigmoid colectomy and received 4 cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin. 18 F-FDG was performed for the treatment response evaluation. It revealed increased radiotracer uptake both in the nodular lesion of the left parotid gland and in the subcutaneous density of the left eyelid. These lesions were reported as colorectal carcinoma metastasis in immunohistochemical evaluation. Herein, we present an extremely rare case of simultaneous metastasis of both the eyelid and the left parotid gland in a patient who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer.
FDG PET/CT of Atypical Myeloid Sarcoma After CAR T-Cell Therapy
Authors: Daniel L Gray, Joanna Fair
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 23-year-old man with a history of Ph-Like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with JAK2 rearrangement presented with innumerable skin lesions developing over 1 week. Before presentation, he had multiple relapses of his B-ALL and underwent autologous UCD-19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Lesions appeared 1.5 months after completion of therapy. Biopsies showed new onset myeloid sarcoma (MS), with continued remission of B-ALL. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed numerous markedly hypermetabolic soft tissue lesions located in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, muscles, osseous structures, mucosa, pleura, mediastinum, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, and testes.
Breast Metastases From ACTH Secreting Thymic Carcinoid
Authors: Yeshwanth Edamadaka, Gaurav Malhotra, Aditi Arora
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 33-year-old woman with Cushing syndrome (CS), who underwent incomplete resection of ACTH-secreting thymic carcinoid, presented with a recurrence of Cushingoid features after 3 months of surgery. CECT and PET/CT scans (18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTATATE) revealed anterior mediastinal lesion encasing the aorta, mediastinal adenopathy, lung nodules, and left breast lesions, the latter being pathologically proven to be metastases from the neuroendocrine tumor (NET). Breast metastases from NET are rare, with their diagnosis being challenging due to considerable overlap with invasive breast cancer. Nevertheless, metastatic lesions to the breast in patients of NET should be ruled out before considering aggressive surgical management.
Clinical Application of 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for the Detection of Thymoma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rongxi Wang, Xuehan Gao, Xingtong Peng, Jiarou Wang, Jialin Xiang, Linlin Li, Chenhao Jia, Jingci Chen, Xin Du, Chao Guo, Xiaoyun Zhou, Yumin Zheng, Zhaohui Zhu, Yeye Chen, Shanqing Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate 68 Ga-pentixafor, which targets C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), in the noninvasive diagnosis of thymomas. Patients and Methods: With institutional review board approval and signed informed consent, 32 patients with thymic masses were enrolled in this study, and all patients underwent 68 Ga-pentixafor PET/CT scans. Results: Among the 28 patients included in the analysis, 13 patients were diagnosed with thymomas, 9 patients with cysts, and 6 patients with other anterior mediastinal masses. 68 Ga-pentixafor identified all patients with thymomas (13/13, 100%), and the mean SUV max in all 13 thymomas lesions was 13.96±8.20, which was significantly higher than that in patients with cysts (1.54±0.88) and other anterior mediastinal masses (2.59±1.68), respectively ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions: The preliminary study indicates the diagnostic utility of 68 Ga-pentixafor in thymomas and the differential diagnostic ability of 68 Ga-pentixafor in thymomas, thymic cysts and other benign anterior mediastinal masses.
Building Better Medicine: Translational Justice and the Quest for Equity in US Healthcare
Authors: Megan A. Allyse, Preya Agam, Yvonne Bombard, Roel Feys, McKenna Horstmann, Assata Kokayi, Rosario Isasi, Karen M. Meagher, Marsha Michie, Kiran Musunuru, Kelly E. Ormond, Kirsten A. Riggan, Jane Q. Yap
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2025)

Despite considerable scientific progress and the evolution of regulatory pathways to ensure safety and efficacy, US healthcare continues to see increasing health disparities. This suggests that clinical translation in of itself cannot be the only measure of its own success, especially when the most marginalized patients, are neglected in the development and implementation of medical innovations. This raises the question of whether a system that is narrowly focused on technical achievement can meet the moral obligations of medicine and public health. We argue that traditional technocratic standards are failing to integrate normative considerations into biomedical translation. What is needed is a translational domain that moves beyond safety and efficacy toward anticipating how proposed technologies will be effective in society as it exists. We propose an additional metric of success: translational justice.