tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Greenhouse gas impact from medical emissions of halogenated anaesthetic agents: a sales-based estimate
Authors: Adrien Talbot, Hans Christian Holländer, Peter Bentzer
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Halogenated anaesthetic agents are potent greenhouse gases, but little is known about the trajectory of their use and their greenhouse gas impact on a global level. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the global greenhouse gas impact of halogenated anaesthetic agents over the preceding 10 years. We obtained global medical sales data for sevoflurane, desflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and methoxyflurane from the IQVIA MIDAS database between 2014 and 2023. We calculated their annual greenhouse gas impact, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e), using global warming potential factors for a 100-year period. The effect of using only sevoflurane, the clinically relevant alternative with the lowest impact, was estimated by calculating the volume of sevoflurane that was needed to replace the other agents for a standard anaesthesia using a simulation software (Gas Man). The 91 countries in the dataset represented 97·8%, 90·5%, and 66·2% of the population in high-income, upper-middle-income, and low-income or lower-middle-income countries, respectively, and covered 80·0% of the global population in 2023. The greenhouse gas impact of halogenated anaesthetic agents decreased by 27% from 2754 kilotons of CO2e (ktonCO2e) in 2014 to 2005 ktonCO2e in 2023. During the study period, the greenhouse gas impact from desflurane in high-income countries decreased by 52% from 2180 to 1053 ktonCO2e, increased in upper-middle-income countries by 151% from 125 to 313 ktonCO2e, and increased in low-income and lower-middle-income countries by 2281% from 2 to 42 ktonCO2e. By replacing desflurane, isoflurane, and halothane with sevoflurane, the global impact from halogenated anaesthetic agents in 2023 could theoretically have been decreased by 73%. The global greenhouse gas impact from halogenated anaesthetic agents is falling due to lower use of desflurane in high-income countries. Efforts to reverse the increased use of desflurane in middle-income countries are needed. Replacing desflurane and isoflurane with sevoflurane constitutes an opportunity to markedly reduce the greenhouse gas impact from halogenated anaesthetic agents. The Thelma Zoega Foundation, The Anna and Edwin Berger Foundation, Region Skåne, and a Swedish Government grant for clinical research within the Swedish National Health Service (ALF).
Residential tree canopy configuration and mortality in 6 million Swiss adults: a longitudinal study
Authors: Dengkai Chi, Gabriele Manoli, Brenda Lin, Raf Aerts, Jun Yang, Amy Hahs, Daniel Richards, Naika Meili, Yue Zhu, Yeshan Qiu, Jing Wang, Paolo Burlando, Simone Fatichi, Puay Yok Tan
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Residential exposure to trees has been associated with reduced mortality risks. We hypothesise that in addition to tree canopy cover, tree canopy configuration also plays a role in exposure-mortality relationships. As there is limited evidence on this hypothesis, especially longitudinal evidence, we performed a nationwide study to investigate the residential tree canopy configuration-mortality associations in the Swiss population. In this longitudinal study, the tree canopy cover and configuration metrics within 500 m of individuals' residences were quantified using high-resolution tree canopy data (1 × 1 m) from 2010 to 2019. We developed single-exposure and multi-exposure time-varying Cox regression models to estimate the associations between the different exposure metrics and natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in Swiss adults (aged from 20 years to 90 years). Mortality and census data were taken from the Swiss National Cohort (SNC). We estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs per IQR increase in the metrics adjusting for personal sociodemographic and contextual covariates. We also explored the effect modification by tree canopy cover, PM10, air temperature, urbanisation level, age, sex, and area-based local socioeconomic position. Our analyses included 6 215 073 individuals from the SNC between 2010 and 2019. In the fully adjusted single-exposure models, we observed protective associations between natural-cause mortality risk and tree canopy cover (IQR 12·4%, HR 0·979 [95% CI 0·975-0·983]) and configuration metrics describing the aggregation (6·3%, 0·831 [0·823-0·840]), and connectedness (2·9%, 0·946 [0·938-0·953]); and detrimental associations with two metrics describing the fragmentation (211 patches per 100 ha, 1·073 [1·066-1·080]) and shape complexity (1·9, 1·094 [1·089-1·100]) of patches. The associations were generally preserved with other common causes of death. According to the multi-exposure models, the HR (95% CI) for the combination of one IQR decrease in aggregation and one IQR increase in fragmentation and shape complexity was 1·366 (1·343-1·390). Analyses on modification effects suggested a stronger association in people living in areas with a higher level of tree canopy cover, PM10 concentration, air temperature, and urbanisation level. Aggregated, connected, and less fragmented forested greenspaces might offer stronger health benefits than isolated, fragmented ones, but are difficult to implement in cities. Our study provided valuable insights into optimising forested greenspaces and highlighted future directions for the planning and management of urban forests towards healthy and green cities. National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise programme and ETH Zurich.
A roadmap for integrating nutritional assessment, counselling, and support into the care of people with tuberculosis
Authors: Pranay Sinha, Madhavi Bhargava, Madeline E Carwile, Madolyn R Dauphinais, Phumeza Tisile, Chelsie Cintron, Lindsey M Locks, Janika Hauser, Matt Oliver, Scott K Heysell, Saurabh Mehta, Julia L Finkelstein, Kobto G Koura, J Peter Cegielski, Rein M G J Houben, C Finn McQuaid, Anurag Bhargava
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)

Undernutrition-the leading risk factor for tuberculosis worldwide-is associated with impaired immunity, more extensive disease, delayed sputum conversion, and worse treatment outcomes, including mortality. In this Health Policy, we propose a comprehensive roadmap for integrating nutritional assessment, counselling, and support into tuberculosis treatment as part of person-centred care. At treatment initiation, we recommend standard nutritional assessment with anthropometric measurements and haemoglobin estimation, in addition to macronutrient and micronutrient support alongside nutritional counselling. Weight should be monitored during treatment and lack of weight gain at the end of the intensive phase should prompt an investigation of causes, such as food insecurity, poor treatment adherence, malabsorption, uncontrolled diabetes, or drug resistance. At the end of treatment, we recommend reassessing anthropometric measures to assess nutritional recovery. People with tuberculosis who remain underweight should receive close follow-up to detect early relapse. We call for annual reporting of nutritional metrics by WHO, explicit inclusion of nutritional assessment and care in national strategic plans, domestic or international support of nutritional programmes for people with tuberculosis, increased support for operational research initiatives, and integration of nutritional care into the WHO Multisectoral Accountability Framework at national and regional levels.
Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin for rebleeding in cerebral cavernous malformations (AT CASH EPOC): a phase 1/2a, randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Issam A Awad, Roberto J Alcazar-Felix, Agnieszka Stadnik, Serena Kinkade, Aditya Jhaveri, Justine Lee, Stephanie Hage, Javed Iqbal, Sean P Polster, Robert Shenkar, Kevin Treine, Nichol McBee, Noeleen Ostapkovich, Karen Lane, James K Liao, Matthew Sorrentino, Cornelia Lee, Kelly D Flemming, Romuald Girard, Timothy J Carroll, Richard E Thompson, Daniel F Hanley
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2025)
The mortality and associated economic burden of London's summer urban heat island effect: a modelling study
Authors: Charles H Simpson, Oscar Brousse, Tim Taylor, Ai Milojevic, James Grellier, Jonathon Taylor, Lora E Fleming, Michael Davies, Clare Heaviside
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

High ambient temperatures lead to increased mortality, especially in older adults. Climate change will increase the frequency and severity of heatwaves globally. Most of the UK population lives in urban areas, which often have higher temperatures than rural areas (the urban heat island [UHI] effect) and higher rates of heat-related mortality. We estimated the mortality burden in terms of attributable mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), and social costs attributed to the UHI effect in summer 2018 in Greater London. We estimated the UHI effect using advanced urban climate modelling. We applied a quantitative health impact assessment to estimate mortality and YLLs attributable to high air temperature. We estimated social costs using value of statistical life (VSL) and value of statistical life-years (VOLY) methods. We attribute 785 (95% CI 655-919) deaths in summer 2018 in Greater London to high air temperature. Half of these (399 [350-446]) are attributable to the UHI effect, or approximately 5·0 (4·1-5·9) thousand YLLs. Social costs of the summer UHI effect due to mortality are estimated at £987 million (866 million-1·10 billion) using VSL or £453 million (367-533 million) using VOLY (2023 prices). Monetised costs attributed to the UHI effect remain high using either VSL or VOLY approaches. The findings demonstrate the seriousness of heat as a public health risk, set a scale at which society may be willing to pay for urban heat mitigation, and give tangible support for large-scale urban heat mitigation and adaptation policies. Wellcome Trust.
Public engagement with health and climate change around the world: a Google Trends analysis
Authors: Niheer Dasandi, Slava Jankin, Dafni Kalatzi Pantera, Marina Romanello
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Despite growing recognition of the importance of people engaging with the health dimensions of climate change, we know surprisingly little about the levels of public engagement around the world. We address this knowledge gap by examining Google Trends data, using people's online information-seeking behaviour to shed light on global engagement with health and climate change between 2014 and 2023. We observe that over the past decade-and particularly since 2020-there has been growing public engagement via Google searches with health and climate change around the world. The increasing engagement with the intersection of health and climate change is largely distinct from engagement with either climate change or health separately. We observe that such engagement is highest in low-income and middle-income countries. There is also greater engagement with health and climate change than with other issues that intersect climate change-eg, the economy and security-highlighting the public salience of health framings of climate change.
Future-proofing cities against negative city mobility and public health impacts of impending natural hazards: a system dynamics modelling study
Authors: Leandro Garcia, Mehdi Hafezi, Larissa Lima, Christopher Millett, Jason Thompson, Ruoyu Wang, Selin Akaraci, Rahul Goel, Rodrigo Reis, Kerry A Nice, Belen Zapata-Diomedi, Pedro C Hallal, Esteban Moro, Clifford Amoako, Ruth F Hunter
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

The world faces increasing risk from more frequent and larger scale natural hazards, including infectious disease outbreaks (IDOs) and climate change-related extreme weather events (EWEs). These natural hazards are expected to have adverse mobility and public health impacts, with people living in cities especially vulnerable. Little is known about how transport systems can be optimally designed to make cities more resilient to these hazards. Our aim was to investigate how cities' transport systems, and their resulting mobility patterns, affect their capabilities to mitigate mobility and health impacts of future large-scale IDOs and EWEs. System dynamics modelling was used to investigate how different city mobility scenarios can affect the health and mobility impacts of four plausible future IDO and EWE (flooding) shocks in three cities: Belfast, UK; Belo Horizonte, Brazil; and Delhi, India. Three city mobility scenarios with incremental degrees of modal shift towards active travel (private motor vehicle volume reduced to 50% and 20% of total road trip volume in vision 1 and 2, and motor vehicle volume [including buses] reduced to 20% of total road trip volume in vision 3) were tested. For each city and each IDO and EWE shock, we estimated the percentage of deaths prevented in visions 1, 2, and 3, relative to the reference scenario, as well as changes in mode share over time. In all scenarios, all cities showed reduced susceptibility to flooding, with 4-50% of deaths potentially prevented, depending on case city, city mobility, and EWE scenario. The more ambitious the transition towards healthier city mobility patterns, the greater the resilience against flooding. Only vision 3 (the most ambitious transition) showed reduced vulnerability to IDOs, with 6-19% of deaths potentially prevented. Evolution of mode shares varied greatly across cities and mobility scenarios under the IDO shocks. Our results emphasise the importance of well designed, forward-thinking urban transport systems that make cities more resilient and reduce the impact of future public health-related and climate-related threats. UK Prevention Research Partnership, UK Economic and Social Research Council, UK Medical Research Council, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, Australian Research Council, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and Health and Social Care Research and Development Office Northern Ireland.
The greenhouse gas emissions of pharmaceutical consumption and production: an input–output analysis over time and across global supply chains
Authors: Rosalie H Hagenaars, Reinout Heijungs, Arjan de Koning, Arnold Tukker, Ranran Wang
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Health care substantially contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions, but for pharmaceuticals, this is mostly understood through case studies of individual medicines. Using newly compiled international databases, we aimed to analyse global greenhouse gas emissions from pharmaceutical consumption and production over time and across supply chains. We quantified the pharmaceutical greenhouse gas footprint across 77 regions from 1995 to 2019 using environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (EE-MRIO) analysis, then conducted structural decomposition analysis to assess key drivers. To identify producers' full supply chain emission responsibility and mitigation opportunities, we performed structural path analysis and assessed scope 1-3 emissions, supported by a Sankey diagram visualisation. Our analysis was based on data from the EE-MRIO database developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Inter-Country Input-Output tables 2023) and validated using the EE-MRIO database developed by Eurostat (FIGARO-2024). From 1995 to 2019, the global pharmaceutical greenhouse gas footprint grew by 77%. This increase was primarily driven by rising pharmaceutical final expenditure, especially in China, and efficiency gains stalling after 2008. High-income countries contributed, on average, a nine-times to ten-times higher pharmaceutical greenhouse gas footprint per capita than lower-middle-income countries in 1995-2019. Supply chain emissions varied substantially among major suppliers in intensity, overseas displacement, and upstream effects. Greenhouse gas emissions related to pharmaceuticals have risen substantially and are likely to continue to rise without concerted and coordinated action. Pharmacies and researchers should investigate sources of unnecessary pharmaceutical use and waste, the industry should improve supply chain efficiency, governments should promote pharmaceutical waste reduction programmes, and international organisations must support global mitigation efforts, especially given the growing importance of scope 3 emissions and international outsourcing. Leiden University.
Safety and efficacy of long-term gantenerumab treatment in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease: an open-label extension of the phase 2/3 multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled platform DIAN-TU trial
Authors: Randall J Bateman, Yan Li, Eric M McDade, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, David B Clifford, Alireza Atri, Susan L Mills, Anna M Santacruz, Guoqiao Wang, Charlene Supnet, Tammie L S Benzinger, Brian A Gordon, Laura Ibanez, Gregory Klein, Monika Baudler, Rachelle S Doody, Paul Delmar, Geoffrey A Kerchner, Tobias Bittner, Jakub Wojtowicz, Azad Bonni, Paulo Fontoura, Carsten Hofmann, Luka Kulic, Jason Hassenstab, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Richard J Perrin, Carlos Cruchaga, Alan E Renton, Chengjie Xiong, Alison A Goate, John C Morris, David M Holtzman, B Joy Snider, Catherine Mummery, William S Brooks, David Wallon, Sarah B Berman, Erik Roberson, Colin L Masters, Douglas R Galasko, Suman Jayadev, Rachel Sanchez-Valle, Jeremie Pariente, Justin Kinsella, Christopher H van Dyck, Serge Gauthier, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Mario Masellis, Bruno Dubois, Lawrence S Honig, Clifford R Jack, Alisha Daniels, David Aguillón, Ricardo Allegri, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Gregory Day, Nick C Fox, Edward Huey, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Mathias Jucker, Jae-Hong Lee, Allan I Levey, Johannes Levin, Francisco Lopera, JeeHoon Roh, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Peter R Schofield
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2025)
Ventricular arrhythmias in acute heart failure. A clinical consensus statement of the Association for Acute <scp>CardioVascular</scp> Care (<scp>ACVC</scp>), the European Heart Rhythm Association (<scp>EHRA</scp>) and the Heart Failure Association (<scp>HFA</scp>) of the <scp>ESC</scp>
Authors: Bulent Gorenek, Adrianus P. Wijnmaalen, Andreas Goette, Gurbet Ozge Mert, Bradley Porter, Finn Gustafsson, Gheorghe Andrei Dan, Joris Ector, Markus Stuehlinger, Michael Spartalis, Nils Gosau, Offer Amir, Ovidiu Chioncel
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2025)
Cardioprotective effects of semaglutide on isolated human ventricular myocardium
Authors: Thomas Krammer, Maria J. Baier, Philipp Hegner, Tilman Zschiedrich, David Lukas, Matthias Wolf, Christian Le Phu, Vanessa Lutz, Katja Evert, Kostiantyn Kozakov, Jing Li, Andreas Holzamer, Lars S. Maier, Zdenek Provaznik, Donald M. Bers, Stefan Wagner, Julian Mustroph
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2025)

Abstract Aims Semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, has shown promising effects in reducing cardiovascular events in patients with obesity and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) irrespective of concomitant diabetes. However, the exact mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective actions remain unclear. Our study investigates the direct effects of semaglutide on human cardiomyocytes, focusing on calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) handling and its potential to improve myocardial contractility. Methods and results Human left ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated from non‐failing (NF) hearts, patients with aortic stenosis and a HFpEF‐like phenotype (AS), and those with end‐stage HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Late Na current (I Na ), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca leak, and contractility were assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes treated with semaglutide. CaMKII inhibitor autocamtide‐2‐related inhibitory peptide and GLP‐1 receptor antagonist exendin 9–39 (Ex‐9‐39) were used to elucidate signalling pathways. Semaglutide reduced late I Na in AS and HFrEF cardiomyocytes to levels comparable to NF. Additionally, semaglutide decreased diastolic SR Ca leak and improved systolic Ca transients and contractility in AS and HFrEF tissue. These effects were mediated through GLP‐1 receptor agonism and were comparable to CaMKII inhibition. In multicellular preparations, semaglutide differentially improved myocardial contractility in AS and HFrEF in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusion Semaglutide directly modulates ion homeostasis in human cardiomyocytes, reducing proarrhythmic diastolic SR Ca leak and enhancing systolic function, which may explain its observed clinical benefits. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the cardioprotective effects of semaglutide and suggest its potential therapeutic use in HF.
Targeting novel immune checkpoints in the B7-H family: advancing cancer immunotherapy from bench to bedside
Authors: Yiming Luo, Ye Yuan, Dan Liu, Haoxin Peng, Lin Shen, Yang Chen
Journal: Trends in cancer (2025)

The B7-H family of immune checkpoint molecules is a crucial component of the immune regulatory network for tumors, offering new opportunities to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). The B7-H family - which includes B7-H2 (inducible T cell costimulatory ligand, ICOSL), B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5 (V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation, VISTA), B7-H6, and B7-H7 (HHLA2) - is known for its diverse roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity. These molecules can exhibit co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory effects on T cells, influencing processes such as T cell activation, differentiation, and effector functions, and they are involved in the recruitment and polarization of various immune cells. This review explores the structural characteristics, receptor-ligand interactions, and signaling pathways associated with each B7-H family member. We also discuss the family's impact on tumor immunity and potential therapeutic strategies.
Corrigendum to ‘OA09.04 Osimertinib with or without SRS for Brain Metastases from EGFRm NSCLC: Pooled Analysis of Two RCTs’ [Journal of Thoracic Oncology Vol. 19 No. 10S (2024) S28]
Authors: C. Ho, Y.Y. Soon, A. Nichol, K. Robledo, A. Sahgal, M. Pinkham, B. Melosky, Y. Huang, A. Parmar, B. Solomon, M. Liu, I.W.K. Tham, A. Sacher, J.C.S. Tey, I. Menjak, C.N. Leong, D. Shultz, W.Y. Koh, M. Doherty, Y. Ang, J. Low, C. Yong, M.C. Lim, A.P. Tan, C.K. Lee, R. Soo, S. Lefresne, F. Hegi-Johnson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2025)
The Evolution of Non-Invasive Strategies in Cirrhosis Management—From Screening to Precision Monitoring：Editorial on ‘FIB-4plus Score: A novel machine learning-based tool for screening high-risk varices in compensated cirrhosis (CHESS2004): An international multicenter study’
Authors: Haiyu Wang, Jinjun Chen
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2025)

The Evolution of Non-Invasive Strategies in Cirrhosis Management—From Screening to Precision Monitoring:Editorial on 'FIB-4plus Score: A novel machine learning-based tool for screening high-risk varices in compensated cirrhosis (CHESS2004): An international multicenter study'