tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1855: Transmural Myocardial Repair with Engineered Heart Tissue Grafts
Authors: Daniel Biermann, Michael Didié, Bijoy Chandapillai Karikkineth, Claudia Lange, Thomas Eschenhagen, Wolfram H Zimmermann
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT) can be utilized to partially repair infarcted myocardium in rats. Here, we investigated the feasibility of EHT-grafts as transmural wall replacement in a heterotopic transplantation model. Methods: EHTs (diameter: 15 mm, thickness: 1– 4 mm) were generated from 12.5 ×10 6 neonatal rat heart cells, collagen type I, and matrigel. Similarly, non-contractile constructs were generated from rat cardiac fibroblasts (FB) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Grafts were surgically inserted into large transmural defects (diameter: 6 mm) in the left ventricle of explanted donor hearts. Subsequently, “treated” hearts were transplanted into weight-matched (308±12 g; n=14), immune suppressed (cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone) Wistar rats in heterotopic position. All transmural defects were also covered with an aortic patch to prevent bleeding from the ventricles. Sham surgeries included aortic patch implantations only. Heterotopic hearts were harvested after 28 days and subjected to morphological analyses by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results: Heart transplant weight at the time of implantation was 1.1±0.02 g (n=14). Heterotopic heart weight increased substantially in Sham (2.4±0.3 g, n=3) and FB-graft (2.1±0.1 g, n=3) animals, whereas MSC- (1.7±0.2 g, n=4) and EHT-graft (1.3±0.1 g, n=4; p&lt;0.05 vs. Sham) animals showed a smaller or no increase in weight, respectively. EHT grafts remained contractile throughout the observation period. CLSM revealed that EHT-grafts established oriented muscle bundles (actin and actinin staining) inside the transmural defects and were strongly vascularized (CD31 and smooth muscle actin staining; lectin labeling) leading to partial reconstitution of the myocardial continuity. This was not observed in animals with FB- and MSC-grafts. However, MSC-grafts, but not FB-grafts, contained newly formed vessels with a markedly larger diameter than observed in EHT-grafts (21±6 vs. 5±0.7 μm; p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: EHTs can be utilized as myocardial tissue grafts to reconstruct and prevent pathological enlargement of the left ventricle. This study constitutes a first step to establish a novel transmural myocardial repair technology involving fully bioengineered heart muscle.
Abstract 19901: Abnormal Carotid Screening is Associated with Motivation to Improve Lifestyle and Medical Follow-up
Authors: Brooke Aggarwal, Ming Liao, Maya Salameh, Heidi Mochari-Greenberger, Lori Mosca
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Non-adherence to medical therapy and follow-up is associated with worse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes yet contributing factors are not fully defined. Purpose: To establish the rate of follow-up of abnormal carotid screening results, motivation to change lifestyle, and barriers to adherence to preventive therapy. Methods: This was a 1 year prospective study of men >40 yrs and women >50 yrs (mean age 60 yrs, 60% female, 56% non-white), or with established CVD or equivalent who completed a standardized CVD evaluation and a 1yr questionnaire (n=265, 71% follow-up rate). Screening included medical history, medication adherence, blood pressure (BP), lipids, and abbreviated carotid artery ultrasound to determine presence/absence of plaque. Medication non-adherence was defined as missing any pills for abnormal BP or cholesterol in the past week. Participants with abnormal results were briefly educated and systematically referred for follow-up. Results: Among participants with carotid plaque (n...
Derive reference range locally
Authors: M K Hassan, R H Neary, J H Scarpello
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Glycated haemoglobin valuesStandardisation is essential EDrTOR,-Eric S Kilpatrick and colleagues' observations regarding the problems of assessing control ofblood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus are important.'We agree that standardisation of assessment of glycated haemoglobin concentration is essential for appropriate interpretation of this test.Not only should haemoglobin Alc be speci- fically measured but normal ranges need to be standardised nationally.Important developments in diabetes care include the development of local and national registers comprising data conforming to an agreed national dataset.Such registers will be important for comparative analysis to assess success in achieving the objectives of improving metabolic control and monitoring the rates of development or progression of complications of diabetes.Measurement of glycated haemoglobin is essential to assess metabolic control, and its standardisation is therefore essential to permit meaningful comparisons.We must remember that it is the person with diabetes to whom the result is of primary im- portance.Different methods in use around Britain, substantially different normal ranges for different assays, and changing assays within a locality may confuse and demotivate both patients and professionals.In recognition of these considerations the British Diabetic Association is currently working with the Royal College of Pathologists towards the standardisation of assessment of haemoglobin Alc concentration.There is not a simple solution to the present confused situation, but efforts are being made on several fronts.
Adolescent Mental Health
Authors: Flynn O’Malley
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parkinson's Disease
Authors: A E Lang, A M Lozano
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

PathophysiologyThe establishment of a model of parkinsonism through the administration of MPTP to nonhuman primates has provided important insights into new therapeutic strategies. A typical parkinsonian syndrome develops in the animals that is characterized by dopaminergic-cell loss in the substantia nigra and striking abnormalities in the spontaneous activity and sensorimotor responses of neurons in the basal ganglia.94,95 A fundamental discovery has been that the dopamine-deficiency state is associated with increased activity of the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)–employing (GABAergic) output nuclei in the basal ganglia, the internal segment of the globus pallidus, and the pars reticulata of the substantia . . .
Abstract 18292: Storm Preparations: Use of Carotid Ultrasound for Assessment of Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Amer M Johri, Martin Noel, Murray Matangi, Chris Simpson
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: A call of warning was raised by scientists at the 2010 American Heart Association meeting: “Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly is the Coming Tsunami.” Accordingly, the need to develop imaging modalities to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) early was identified. Carotid intimal medial thickening (CIMT) may serve as a systemic barometer of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Plaque is also often observed in the carotid arteries of patients however its association with CAD is unclear. Our objective was to determine the sensitivity and negative predictive value of CIMT and carotid plaque in consecutive outpatients referred for angiography. Methods: Carotid scans were conducted immediately following the angiogram in 242 consecutive outpatients. An ultrasonography device (General Electric Vivid 7; USA) equipped with a 10 MHz linear probe was used to record images from both the right and left carotid arteries. CIMT in the distal common carotid artery and the maximal two-dimensional thickness of carotid bulb plaque was measured. The angiogram was scored as 0 (no coronary lesions), 1 (mild coronary atherosclerosis), 2 (at least 50% narrowing in one vessel), and 3 (at least 50% narrowing in two or more vessels). Sensitivity and negative predictive value of CIMT &lt; 1mm and of plaque &lt; 1.5 mm was determined for an angiogram score of 0 or 1. Results: The prevalence of significant CAD in this population was 71%. The average CIMT for men was 0.94 +/− 0.22 mm and for women was 0.88 +/− 0.19 mm. The mean maximum plaque value was 2.31 +/− 0.95 mm for men, and 2.03 +/− 1.01 mm for women. Plaque thickness but not CIMT was greater in patients with CAD (p&lt; 0.001). The negative predictive value of CIMT was poor (&lt; 50%) however the sensitivity and negative predictive value of plaque was 94 and 75 % respectively. Conclusion: A complete carotid ultrasound that includes plaque assessment may serve as an inexpensive and low-risk test to help rule out CAD in outpatients.
Abstract 545: Effect of Diabetes and Hypertension on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in a Community-Based Cohort
Authors: Cesare Russo, Zhezhen Jin, Shunichi Homma, Tatjana Rundek, Ralph L Sacco, Marco R Di Tullio
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction is associated with future occurrence of heart failure and is often observed in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and arterial hypertension...
Abstract 4603: Home Surveillance Results in Improved Interstage Weight Gain in Infants following the Norwood Operation
Authors: Karen Uzark, Paula Eldridge, William Border, Mary Pat Alfaro, Megan Donley, Jeffrey Anderson, Pirooz Eghtesady, Peter Manning
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Infants with complex congenital heart disease are at increased risk for malnutrition and poor weight gain. At our institution, infants who undergo Stage I Norwood operation are discharged with a home surveillance (HomeSurv) program which includes weight monitoring. To evaluate the impact of home surveillance on interstage growth, a current cohort of patients enrolled in Home Surv (n=18) was compared to a cohort discharged immediately prior to the implementation of the Home Surv program (n=20). The cohorts were compared using parametric and non-parametric methods as appropriate. Results: Infants underwent Stage I at a median age of 3.5 days (range 1–26), and at a mean weight 3.0 ± 0.4 kg., 26 with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and 12 with a right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery shunt. There were 26 males and 12 females. There were no significant differences between the groups with and without HomeSurv with respect to Stage I age, sex, Stage I weight, or shunt type. Stage I discharge weights were similar between the two cohorts (p=0.23) and there was no significant difference in Stage I hospital length of stay (p=0.10). Mean age at Stage II was 5.1 mos in the HomeSurv group and 4.9 mos in the pre-HomeSurv group, (p = 0.63). Mean weight at Stage II was higher in the HomeSurv group, but not statistically significant (5.9 kg vs 5.5 kg, p=0.30). However, weight gain &gt;15 gms/day post Stage I discharge (our minimum weight gain threshold) was achieved by 89% of infants with Home Surv in comparison to 60% of the pre-HomeSurv group, p&lt;.05. Weight gain was not significantly correlated with weight at Stage I, Stage I hospital length of stay, or age at Stage II, and was not significantly different related to shunt type. Conclusion: Home surveillance including weight monitoring following Stage I Norwood positively impacts interstage weight gain. In particular, it appears to confer protection for at-risk infants who fall below the threshold weight gain of 15gms/day. Future studies should explore whether this improved weight gain is an important factor in interstage morbidity and mortality.
Abstract 1633: RhoA and Rho Kinase Activation in Human Pulmonary Hypertension - Role of 5-HT Signaling
Authors: Christophe Guilluy, Saadia Eddahibi, Christian Agard, Laurent Savale, Elie Fadel, Serge Adnot, Pierre Pacaud, Gervaise Loirand
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background- The complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves constriction, remodeling, and in situ thrombosis of pulmonary vessels. Both serotonin (5-HT) and Rho kinase signaling may contribute to these alterations. Here, we investigated possible links between the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT) and RhoA/Rho kinase pathways, as well as their involvement in the progression of human and experimental PH. Methods and Results- Lungs, platelets, and quiescent cultured pulmonary-artery smooth-muscle cells (PA-SMCs) from patients with idiopathic PH (iPH) were characterized by marked elevations in RhoA and Rho kinase activity and by a strong increase in serotonin binding to RhoA, compared to controls. The 5-HTT inhibitor fluoxetine and the type 2 transglutaminase inhibitor monodansylcadaverin prevented 5-HT-induced RhoA serotonylation and RhoA/Rho kinase activation, as well as 5-HT-induced proliferation of PA-SMCs from iPH patients, that was also inhibited by the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil. Increased Rho kinase activity, RhoA activation, and RhoA serotonylation were also observed in lungs from SM22–5-HTT+ mice, which overexpress 5-HTT in smooth muscle and spontaneously develop PH. Treatment of SM22–5-HTT+ mice with either fasudil or fluoxetine limited both PH progression and RhoA/Rho kinase activation. Conclusions- RhoA and Rho kinase activities are increased in iPH, as a result of transglutaminase-mediated transamidation of RhoA by 5-HT internalized via 5-HTT. Direct involvement of this pathway in 5-HT-mediated PA-SMC proliferation and platelet activation during PH progression identify RhoA/Rho kinase signaling as a promising target for new treatments against PH.
Abstract 16874: Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Waqas Aftab, Shuja Rasool, Padmini Varadarajan, Ramdas G Pai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Renal transplantation has become the treatment of choice in end stage renal disease patients. Though the incidence of acute myocardial infarction is reduced after kidney transplant as compared to patients awaiting kidney transplant, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) are still common after renal transplant, especially in early post operative period. Methods: We reviewed medical records of 321 consecutive adult patients from our institution who received renal allograft transplantation between1995 and 2003. Details on cardiac risk factors, medications, stress test results, coronary angiogram and coronary intervention were collected and related to MACE. Results: The characteristics of 321 patients were as follows: age at transplant 49±13 years, 40% male, 37% diabetics, 87% with hypertension, LV ejection fraction 58±17%. MACE occurrd in 21 patients with cumulative MACE rate of 6.5% over the 3 years after renal transplant, most of them (57%) occurring within 30 days, 67% within 90 days and 84% within 180 days. MACE was not predicted by any of the clinical or pharmacological variables including age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, smoking, duration of dialysis, LV ejection fraction, or therapy with beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium channel blockers. However, a clinical decision to perform a stress test or a coronary angiogram was predictive of a higher MACE rate. The MACE rate was 12.3% in the group with positive stress tests (n=65), 6.1 % in those with negative stress tests (n=134), and 4.1% in the those not referred for a stress test (n=122) (p=0.03). Patients who underwent pre-transplant coronary angiography (n=91), regardless of coronary anatomy, had a higher MACE rate (11 vs 4.8%, p=0.04) than those who did not undergo coronary angiography (n=230). Conclusions: (1) The MACE rate following renal transplantation decreases exponentially over time, most occurring in the first 90 days and is not predicted by any of the traditional risk factors or drug therapies. (2) However, a clinical decision leading to a stress test or coronary angiography and stress test positivity are highly predictive of a higher MACE rate.
Safety and tolerability of AZD2171, a highly potent VEGFR inhibitor, in patients with advanced prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: C. Ryan, W. M. Stadler, B. J. Roth, T. A. Puchalski, M. Koehler, E. J. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3049 Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) is a key factor involved in tumor blood vessel formation, and high levels of VEGF expression are associated with poor prognosis for a range of solid malignancies. AZD2171 is a highly potent, orally available inhibitor of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase activity. AZD2171 has shown broad-spectrum antitumor activity in a range of histologically diverse xenograft models, which is consistent with inhibition of VEGFR-2 signaling. Methods: The primary objective of this Phase I multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation trial was to assess the safety and tolerability of AZD2171 in patients with advanced prostate adenocarcinoma. A secondary objective was to assess the steady-state pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of AZD2171. Patients received oral AZD2171 once daily in 21-day treatment cycles. Eligible patients had histologically or cytologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma, for which they had received previous hormonal therapy and/or no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen. Results: To date, 18 patients have received AZD2171 treatment at doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 10 (all n = 3), 20 mg (n = 4) and 30 mg (n = 2). At doses ≤10 mg, the nine adverse events (AEs) reported were generally mild (all CTCAE grade 1), with only fatigue occurring in more than one patient (n = 3). In the 20 mg cohort, TIA and hematuria were each reported in one patient. PK data are available from eight patients treated with single doses ranging from 1–5 mg, and in six patients treated with multiple daily doses of 1 and 2.5 mg. After single-dose administration, the time to maximal plasma concentration ranged from 2 to 3 hours, with an arithmetic mean effective half-life of 17.9 hours. The available PK data suggest linear PK and no time-dependent changes. To date, no serologic or objective responses have been observed. Accrual to 30 mg has been suspended because of suspected dose-limiting toxicities, and an additional 20 mg cohort is in progress. Conclusions: In this ongoing study, the novel antiangiogenic agent AZD2171 was well tolerated at doses ≤10 mg/day in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca AstraZeneca
Abstract 2098: Racial Disparities in Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Michael A Gaglia, Daniel H Steinberg, Rebecca Torguson, Tina L Pinto Slottow, Probal K Roy, Laurent Bonello, Gilles Lemesle, Axel De Labriolle, Kimberly A Kineshige, Zhenyi Xue, William O Suddath, Kenneth M Kent, Lowell F Satler, Augusto D Pichard, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Previous research has documented that African-Americans (AA), when compared to non-African-Americans (non-AA), have higher rates of adverse cardiac outcomes and are less likely to be referred for an invasive cardiac procedure. These differences persist even after controlling for comorbidities and socioeconomic status. Methods: We compared 1221 AA patients to 4335 non-AA patients referred for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were followed for one year with regard to major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI), and target vessel revascularization (TVR). We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to adjust for confounding variables, including median household income by zip code, to assess the contribution of African-American race to one-year outcomes. Results: At one year, AA patients experienced significantly higher rates of overall TVR-MACE (17.7% AA vs. 12.4% non-AA, p<0.001) as well as each individual component ...
Abstract 5415: Improvement in Diastolic Function With Anti-Hypertensive Therapy: An Analysis From the Combined VALIDD-EXCEED Dataset
Authors: Amil M Shah, Anil Verma, Akshay S Desai, Ricardo A Rocha, Robert Hilkert, Joseph Izzo, Suzanne Oparil, Bertram Pitt, James D Thomas, Michael R Zile, Gerard P Aurigemma, Scott D Solomon
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for diastolic dysfunction (DD) and HF with preserved EF. We quantified the relationship between blood pressure (BP) reduction and improvement in DD across a broad range of BP. Methods: Baseline and follow-up BP and mitral annular early relaxation velocity (E′) were analyzed in 337 subjects with mild HTN (SBP 147±16 mmHg) in the VALIDD trial (38 week f/u) and 190 subjects with more severe HTN (SBP 164±16 mmHg) in the EXCEED trial (24 week f/u), all with DD assessed by reduced E′ and no heart failure. Both trials tested different BP reduction strategies for improvement in DD. Results: Baseline SBP was 154.0±18.3 mmHg (IQR 141–165) and baseline E′ was 7.6±1.2 cm/sec (IQR 6.7–8.5). At follow-up, SBP decreased by 16.5±20.8 mmHg, E′ increased by 0.9±1.5 cm/sec, mean achieved SBP was 137.2±15.4 mmHg (IQR 127–145), and mean final E′ was 8.4±1.8 cm/sec (IQR 7.1–9.7). BP reduction was significantly associated with increase in E′, even after adjustment for age, gender, race, smoking, baseline SBP, DBP, HR, trial enrollment, treatment assignment, and baseline E′ (adjusted P=0.0002). Achieved SBP was significantly predictive of final E′, independent of baseline SBP or E′ (adjusted p=0.0005). Conclusions: Among a broad range of hypertensives with diastolic dysfunction, degree of BP reduction is directly related to extent of improvement in diastolic function, with patients achieving SBP &lt; 130 mm Hg demonstrating the greatest overall improvement. These data underscore an important load-dependence of tissue Doppler E′.
Tick-borne encephalitis joins the diseases under surveillance in the European Union
Authors: A J Amato-Gauci, H Zeller
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

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Abstract 14549: Impact of Ventricular Fibrillation on In-Hospital Mortality and Long-Term Mortality After Myocardial Infarction: The FAST-MI Registry
Authors: Eloi Marijon, Geraldine Vedrenne, Etienne Puymirat, Maria Pia Donataccio, Claude Barnay, Jean Yves Pagny, Jean Claude Daubert, Jean Ferrieres, Tabassome Simon, Nicolas Danchin
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Little data exists in the contemporary era on the impact of ventricular fibrillation (VF) at the acute stage of AMI on early and long-term outcomes. We analysed the impact of in-hospital VF on in-h...