tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9679: Fast/Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle Growth Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling After Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shinsuke Hanatani, Yasuhiro Izumiya, Satoshi Araki, Taku Rokutanda, Kenneth Walsh, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: It is appreciated that aerobic endurance exercise can attenuate unfavorable myocardial remodeling post myocardial infarction (MI). In contrast, little is known about the effect of resistance exercise on these processes, partly because animal models that can assess the relationship between glycolytic muscle fiber growth and cardiac remodeling have been lacking. Hypothesis: Fast/glycolytic skeletal muscle growth attenuates cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after MI. Methods: We utilized skeletal muscle-specific, conditional Akt1 transgenic (TG) mice, that can induce the growth of functional fast/glycolytic skeletal muscle by switching Akt1 signaling on in muscle fibers. Male non-induced TG mice and their non-transgenic littermates (control) were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. Two days after surgery, mice were provided doxycycline in their drinking water to activate Akt1 transgene expression in a skeletal muscle-specific manner. Cardiac function and remodeling were assessed by micromanometer catheter, echocardiography, histology and gene expression analyses at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. Results: Activation of Akt1 signaling in myofibers led to a modest increase in skeletal muscle mass. Skeletal muscle-specific activation of Akt1 led to diminished left ventricular dilation and reduced contractile dysfunction compared with control mice at 4 weeks after MI. The increase in heart weight/BW ratio and lung wet weight/BW ratio was significantly diminished in Akt1 TG mice compared to control mice, consistent with an improvement in heart function. Improved cardiac function in Akt1 TG mice was coupled to diminished myocyte hypertrophy, decreased interstitial fibrosis in the infarct border zone, and increased capillary density in the remote zone. Comprehensive protein array analysis showed that panels of angiogenic factors were increased in skeletal muscle in TG mice. An ELISA analysis demonstrated that serum VEGF levels were upregulated in Akt1 TG mice compared with control mice. Conclusions: Akt1-mediated skeletal muscle growth attenuates cardiac remodeling after MI, and this is associated with increased capillary density in the heart and a reduction in cardiac fibrosis.
Abstract 15897: Optimizing Biventricular Pacing During Right Ventricle Pressure Overload Acutely Improves Mechanical Dyssynchrony and Function by 2-D Speckle Tracking
Authors: Casey Wong, Santos E Cabreriza, Maria Chavez, Daniel Y Wang, Rabin Gerrah, Alexander Rusanov, Vinay Yalamanchi, Bin Cheng, Henry M Spotnitz
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Optimizing biventricular pacing (BiVP) with RV-first pacing increases cardiac output in acute RV pressure overload (RVPO). We tested the hypothesis that regional LV strain measurements ...
Abstract 14938: Atorvastatin Treatment Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Low-Grade Inflammation in Patients With Successfully Repaired Coarctation of the Aorta: A Cross Over Study
Authors: Stella Brili, George Hatzis, Charalambos Antoniades, Dimitris Tousoulis, Constantinos Bakogiannis, Antigoni Miliou, Alexios S Antonopoulos, Michael Demosthenous, Kyriakoula Marinou, Nikos Papageorgiou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 3212: Dietary-Induced Insulin Resistance Associated with Dyslipidemia Induces Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats as Evidenced by Echocardiography
Authors: Marie-Claire Toufektsian, Stéphane Grauzam, Olivier Ormezzano, Julien Vollaire, Marie-Gabrielle Jouan, François Boucher, Thierry Sulpice
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: A major complication of diabetes is the development of cardiac dysfunction in absence of vascular disease. Metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia (DL) might contribute to the induction of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, few relevant animal models are currently available for studying the time-course of DCM and evaluating experimental therapeutics. We developed a rodent model of dietary-induced IR combined or not with DL in order to investigate the impact of chronic IR and DL on in vivo myocardial function. Methods &amp; Results: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a western-type diet (65% fat; 15% fructose; WD: n=12). DL was induced by combining the western diet with i.p . injections of a nonionic surface-active agent (P-407; 0.2 mg/kg, 3 times/wk; WD-P407 n=9). A chow diet was used as control (Chow: n=9). At 6, 11 and 14 wks, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. After 6 wks, plasma insulin was significantly increased in both WD and WD-P407 groups ( P&lt; 0.05 vs. Chow). Fasting blood glucose increased in WD group while plasma lipids markedly accumulated in WD-P407-treated rats ( P&lt; 0.05 and P&lt; 0.01 vs. Chow, respectively). Pulse-wave Doppler indicated impaired diastolic function at 14 wks (E/A wave ratio: WD-P407: 1.42±0.06 vs. Chow: 1.65±0.11). M-mode imaging showed no significant differences in cardiac function and geometry under basal conditions. However, fractional shortening (FS) was significantly depressed under dobutamine stress in WD group at 14 wks (FS in % of baseline: 151±9% vs 196±7%; P&lt; 0.05) whereas systolic dysfunction appeared as early as 11 wks and worsened at 14 wks in WD-P407 animals ( P&lt; 0.05 and P&lt; 0.01 vs. Chow, respectively). Finally, compared to Chow, myocardial lipid tissue content and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α were significantly higher in WD and WD-P407 groups, the cardiac lipid accumulation being more pronounced in the later. Conclusions: DL exacerbated cardiac lipotoxicity and functional complications associated with IR. This experimental model of combined IR and DL closely mimics the main clinical manifestations of DCM and might therefore constitute a useful tool for the evaluation of pharmacological treatments.
Benign marrow progenitors are enriched in the CD34+/HLA-DRlo population but not in the CD34+/CD38lo population in chronic myeloid leukemia: an analysis using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: JA Kirk, JA Reems, BA Roecklein, DR Van Devanter, EM Bryant, J Radich, S Edmands, A Lee, B Torok-Storb
Journal: Blood (1995)
Abstract P28: Early Antioxidant Treatment Does Not Provide Additive Neuroprotection with Delayed Hypothermia after Asphyxic Cardiac Arrest in Newborn Pigs
Authors: Zengjin Yang, Xinli Ni, Erin L Carter, Lee J Martin, Raymond C Koehler
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Clinical efficacy of hypothermia in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is limited, in part, by the delay in instituting hypothermia. In a piglet model of HI, half of the neurons in putamen already show ischemic cytopathology by 6 h of recovery. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with the SOD-catalase mimetic EUK-134 at 30 min of recovery provides additive neuronal protection with a clinically relevant delay of 4 h in the onset of whole body hypothermia. Anesthetized piglets were subjected to 40 min of hypoxia (10% inspired O 2 ) followed by 7 min of airway occlusion and resuscitation with epinephrine and chest compressions. Body temperature was maintained at 38.5 °C in normothermic groups and at 34 °C in hypothermic groups from 4 h through 24 h of recovery. All groups were mechanically ventilated and sedated with continuous fentanyl and pancuronium infusion during the 4 –24 h period to reduce the stress of hypothermia and shivering. At 10 days of recovery, viable neurons remaining in putamen in a normothermic control group was reduced to 20±13% (±SD; n=8) of the value in a sham-operated control group (100±19%; n=8). Infusion of EUK-134 (2.5 mg/kg at 30 min recovery + 1.25 mg/kg/h until 4 h recovery) with normothermic recovery resulted in 36±18% (n=8) viable neurons in putamen. Treatment with saline vehicle followed by delayed hypothermia resulted in partial protection (58±25%; n=8). Combining early treatment with EUK-134 and delayed hypothermia did not produce additional protection in putamen (47±29%; n=8). We conclude that early treatment with this antioxidant does not extend the therapeutic window of hypothermia in protecting highly vulnerable neurons of putamen in newborn brain subjected to HI, possibly because a subpopulation of neurons are already undergoing irreversible cell death signaling by the 30 min treatment time with EUK-134.
Language outcomes are important
Authors: A. Harding, K. Harland
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Tony Markus and Peter Ward Booth report that the outcome of cleft lip and palate surgery in Britiain is poor compared with that in other European countries.1 It is regrettable that they refer only to the outcome measure of facial growth and make no reference to speech, which is recognised as an equally important indicator of the success of …
Defense mechanisms and adjustment in normal adolescents
Authors: S J Erickson, S S Feldman, H Steiner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

This study compared self-perception of defense patterns with objective and independent ratings of general adjustment in normal adolescents.Self-perception of defense utilization by 140 high school students was measured by an adolescent version of Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire. The DSM-III-R Global Assessment of Functioning Scale was used by clinicians in determining general adjustment.Defense style and adjustment were significantly related; greater maturity of defense style was associated with better global adjustment, and conversely, greater immaturity of defense style was associated with a lower level of functioning.Adolescents' self-perceived defense patterns have conscious correlates associated with general adjustment. This study extends the validity of the defense mechanism paradigm to the adolescent age group.
Acute pancreatitis-like bile leakage around the portal vein system after endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy
Authors: Hiroshi Kawakami, Masaki Kuwatani, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Yoshimasa Kubota, Shuhei Kawahata, Kimitoshi Kubo, Naoya Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

The complication rate of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) has been reported to be from 13.6 % to 16 % [1] [2]. We present a rare case of acute pancreatitis-like bile leakage around the portal vein system after EUS-CDS for malignant obstruction of the distal bile duct.
Study supports evidence on oral contraception and breast cancer
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new study shows that older women who have used oral contraceptives are no more likely to develop breast cancer than those who have not, bolstering a growing body of evidence that no link exists.

But researchers cautioned that the new findings were limited to the age group studied and that more research was warranted for younger women.

The study looked at nearly 9300 women aged 35 to 64. About half of the women had developed breast cancer in the middle to late 1990s. The rest were healthy controls.

Interviews with the women showed that similar proportions of these two groups had used contraceptives (79% of the group without cancer, 77% of the group with cancer). The relative risk was 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.8 to 1.3) for women who were currently using oral contraceptives and 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) for those who had previously used them. (New England Journal and Medicine 2002;346: 2025-32).

The exception to these findings was among women aged 45 to 64 who were taking the pill to alleviate symptoms of menopause or to reduce their risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer and benign breast disease.
Is it time for a new definition of general practice?
Authors: P. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Editor—I have read the definitions of general practice in the editorial by Heath et al with interest but dissatisfaction.1 None of them is succinct, and they tend to stay closely allied to traditional biomedical viewpoints.

For me the key point about general practice is that it is the only medical specialty that is interested in people first and disease second. General practitioners are interested in personality, family patterns, and the effect of these on the presentation of symptoms as much as in diseases themselves. General practitioners (along with primary care researchers) are probably the only group currently trying to understand the relations between symptoms, health and illness, and specific diseases within communities. The focus is on the patient's response to the illness rather than on the illness itself.

General practitioners are interested in the ecology of health and illness within communities and in the cultural determinants of health beliefs.

General practitioners draw on a far wider range of resources than are taught in medical school, including their intuition, their knowledge of medicine, communication skills, business skills, and their own humanity. We are the only group of doctors who stay in attendance of chronically ill patients after the hospital clinics have lost interest.

In short, general practice is a specialty where doctors have their main interest in people and a secondary interest in disease.

The approach in general practice is broad and biocultural, in contrast to the older biomedical definitions of specialties.2 This breadth of approach allows general practitioners far greater flexibility and freedom in their efforts to help patients and a great freedom from old attachments. Used to its full potential, general practice can be the powerhouse of all medicine.
An aglycon ginsenoside induces apoptosis and blocks p-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance cancer cells
Authors: Guoyu Liu, Yan Zhao, Hang Yan, Xuexian Bu, William Jia
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2983   Ginseng is a well-known herb medicine that has been used for thousands of years. The major medicinal ingredients in ginseng are ginsenosides, a group of triterpene saponins. While a wide range of pharmacological effects of various ginsenosides have been reported, only few ginsenosides (Rh2 and Rg3) have shown cytotoxicity in cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the anti-tumor activity of an aglycon Rh2 derivative, namely aglycon 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (aPPD). Human tumor cells of various types were treated with aPPD followed by cytotoxicity assay. Aglycon PPD induced tumor apoptotic cell death in a dose-response fashion. Results of Western blotting revealed that all caspases including caspase 3, 8, and 9 were activated 3 hours after treatment. However, aPPD can also induce apoptosis through a pathway independent of above caspases. In addition, aPPD synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of various chemotherapy drugs on cancer cells, especially for the multidrug resistant cancer cells. Further study showed that aPPD significantly blocked p-glycoprotein in a mechanism different from verapamil. In an intracranial rat glioma model, animals were orally given aPPD at doses of 2.5, 12 and 25mg/kg for 5 days. Among animals treated with 12 and 25mg/kg, 40% survived longer than 42 days comparing to the average of 18 days in control animals. Furthermore, more than 50% of survived animals were found completed tumor regression by autopsy. No toxicity was detectable. The above results suggest that aglycon PPD possesses effective anti-tumor activity and therefore is a potential anti-tumor drug candidate.
Preventive home visits to elderly people
Authors: J Clark
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both men and women. Although curative resection is the major treatment option, approximately half of all patients eventually develop distant metastases. Thus, the need for early detection of occult metastases has led to extensive investigation with regard to the detection of disseminated tumor cells in biological fluids, including peripheral blood or bone marrow of cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the methods currently implemented for disseminated tumor cell detection in colorectal cancer. In addition, we discuss the pitfalls of each method and the future perspectives in the development of an easily applied, quick and inexpensive method which will enable the reliable detection of circulating tumor cells with optimal sensitivity and specificity.
Reply
Authors: Runqiu Jiang, Chuanyong Zhang, Yongxiang Xia, Xiaofeng Qian, Xuehao Wang, Beicheng Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Waidmann et al. reported interleukin 22 (IL-22) as a negative prognostic indicator in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, a similar analysis performed by the same group demonstrated that elevated serum IL-22 levels are independent predictors of reduced survival in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis.1 We are very interested in these outcomes because in our previous research we found that IL-22 was excessively expressed in both liver cancer and adjacent cirrhotic tissues. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, we found that IL-22 contributed to persistent liver inflammation and final hepatocarcinogenesis due to signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated the significant difference in serum IL-22 concentration between HCC patients and healthy controls.2 Due to the limitation of follow-up information, the relationship between serum IL-22 level and prognosis of HCC patients was not involved in that study. In order to investigate whether serum IL-22 could be an indicator in prognosis of HBV-related HCC, an additional 73 hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg)-positive HCC patients (68.4% males) and 40 healthy controls (HbsAg-negative) were selected. Plus the previous samples, in total 92 HbsAg-positive HCC patients and 70 healthy controls were involved. The reference range was obtained by accessing 95% confidence interval (CI) in the healthy controls, which indicated that 189 pg/mL was a threshold discriminating normal from elevated levels of serum IL-22. Accordingly, 92 HCC patients were divided into two groups: ≤189 pg/mL (32 cases) and >189 pg/mL (60 cases); the overall survival (OS) rate was investigated based on follow-up data. We found that IL-22 levels (>189 pg/mL) were significantly associated with shorter OS (P = 0.010, hazard ratio [HR] 2.246, 95% CI: 1.212-4.160) (Fig. 1). Our result is similar to what Waidmann et al. reported; both of us demonstrated that high serum IL-22 concentrations were associated with poor prognosis of HCC patients with either HBV or HCV background. However, the serum IL-22 levels in healthy controls in our and several other studies are relatively higher, mainly based on an Asian population.3-6 We speculated that this divergence was due to differences in ethnicity or determination method. Taken together, IL-22 is both a valuable diagnostic index and therapeutic target in the prevention and treatment of human HCC. Runqiu Jiang, Ph.D.1,2* Chuanyong Zhang, M.D.1,2* Yongxiang Xia, M.D.1,2 Xiaofeng Qian1,2 Xuehao Wang, M.D.1,2 Beicheng Sun, M.D., Ph.D.1,2 1Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Nanjing Medical University Nanjing, P.R. China 2Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation Ministry of Health Nanjing, P.R. China
Abstract 251: Early Defibrillation Influences Long-Term Survival After Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hans-Richard Arntz, Kerstin Ludwig, Hans-Christian Mochmann
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Clinical data pertaining to long-term survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and successful cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are sparse. Here we report 1968 cases of...
Abstract 15553: PPAR-gamma Receptor Stimulation with Chronic Administration of Pioglitazone Reduces State 3 Respiration of Isolated Mitochondria and Lowers Tissue ATP Levels in Hibernating Swine Myocardium
Authors: JesUs A Cabrera, Tammy A Butterick, Melanie Crampton, Dirk J Duncker, Willem Sluiter, Jay Zhang, Herbert B Ward, Lorraine B Anderson, Rosemary F Kelly, Edward O McFalls
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background. Although clinical studies suggest that chronic administration of glitazones may exacerbate heart failure, the reasons are unclear. Using a swine model of hibernating myocardium, we test...
Volumetric Parameters Changes of Sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Prediction of Recurrence and Death in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Seong-Jang Kim, Samuel Chang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

: The goal of the present study was to determine whether volumetric parameters such as metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) measured by sequential F-FDG PET/CT imaging could be used as prognostic factors in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) who received preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy.A total 64 patients with LARC patients were included in the current study. All patients were evaluated by F-FDG PET/CT before and after 45 Gy of radiotherapy with concurrent oral capecitabine chemotherapy. Initial, second, and the percent changes ([INCREMENT], %) of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were used to calculate recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The cutoff values of semiquantitative and volumetric parameters were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The prognostic significance was assessed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.For RFS, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (χ = 10.7, P = 0.002), surgical margin (+) (χ = 3.39, P = 0.037), lymphatic invasion (+) (χ = 6.8, P = 0.0078), RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) (χ = 46.3, P < 0.0001), SUVmax1 (χ = 10.1, P = 0.025), ΔSUVmax (χ = 20.4, P < 0.0001), ΔSUVmean (χ = 28.8, P < 0.0001), MTV1 (χ = 24.1, P < 0.0001), ΔMTV (χ = 27.4, P < 0.0001), TLG1 (χ = 21.9, P < 0.0001), TLG2 (χ = 23.3, P < 0.0001), and ΔTLG (χ = 55.6, P < 0.0001) are associated prognostic factors. For OS, AJCC stage (χ = 6.0, P = 0.021), surgical margin (+) (χ = 3.2, P = 0.042), lymphatic invasion (+) (χ = 3.8, P = 0.048), RECIST (χ = 10.4, P = 0.0015), ΔSUVmax (χ = 6.0, P = 0.013), ΔSUVmean (χ = 10.5, P = 0.0009), MTV1 (χ = 14.5, P = 0.0008), ΔMTV (χ = 14.7, P = 0.0002), TLG1 (χ = 15.8, P = 0.0002), TLG2 (χ = 13.5, P = 0.0006), and ΔTLG (χ = 17.5, P < 0.0001) are potent predictors. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that the initial MTV (MTV1) and ΔTLG were the potent predictors for RFS and OS.Our data suggest that MTV on initial pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT and ΔTLG of sequential F-FDG PET/CT after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in LARC patients could provide prognostic information.