tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fasting‐Mimicking Diet Facilitates Anti‐tumor Therapeutic Effects by Nutrient‐Sensitive Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhifang Wang, Junrong Wang, Wencheng Xu, Luying Qiao, Yulin Xie, Minghong Gao, Dongmei Wang, Chunxia Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Cancer cells support their uncontrolled proliferation primarily by regulating energy metabolism. Inhibiting tumor growth by blocking the supply of nutrients is an effective treatment strategy. Fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD), as a low‐calorie, low‐protein, low‐sugar, high‐fat diet, can effectively reduce the nutrient supply to tumor cells. However, the significant biological barrier presented by the tumor microenvironment imposes greater demands and challenges for drug design. This study constructs the multifunctional nanocomposite ZnFe 2 O 4 @TiO 2 @CHC@Orl‐FA (ZTCOF), which has great potential to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. ZnFe 2 O 4 @TiO 2 could produce 1 O 2 with ultrasound, and stimulate the Fenton‐like conversion of endogenous H 2 O 2 to ·OH, achieving a combined therapeutic effect of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Orl (Orlistat) and CHC (α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid) not only block tumor cell energy metabolism but also increase sensitivity to reactive oxygen species, enhancing the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Furthermore, combining the treatment strategies with FMD condition control can further inhibit cancer cell energy metabolism, achieving significant synergistic anti‐tumor therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that ZTCOF with SDT/CDT/starvation can achieve effective tumor suppression and destruction. This work provides theoretical and technical support for anti‐tumor multimodal synergistic therapy.
T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Cells Express High Levels of BCL2, S1P1, and ICAM1, Leading to a Blockade of Tumor Cell Intravasation
Authors: Hui Feng, David L. Stachura, Richard M. White, Alejandro Gutierrez, Lu Zhang, Takaomi Sanda, Cicely A. Jette, Joseph R. Testa, Donna S. Neuberg, David M. Langenau, Jeffery L. Kutok, Leonard I. Zon, David Traver, Mark D. Fleming, John P. Kanki, A. Thomas Look
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
Preterm Birth, Family Income, and Intergenerational Income Mobility
Authors: Asma M. Ahmed, Eleanor Pullenayegum, Sarah D. McDonald, Marc Beltempo, Shahirose S. Premji, Roaa Shoukry, Jason D. Pole, Fabiana Bacchini, Prakesh S. Shah, Petros Pechlivanoglou
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Preterm birth (PTB) has been associated with lower income in adulthood, but associations with intergenerational income mobility and the role of family socioeconomic status (SES) as modifying factor are unclear. Objectives To assess whether the association between PTB and income differs according to family SES at birth and to assess the association between PTB and intergenerational income mobility. Design, Setting, and Participants This study comprised a matched cohort of live births in Canada between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 1996, with follow-up until December 31, 2018. Statistical analysis was performed between May 2023 and March 2024. Exposure Preterm birth, defined as birth between 24 and 37 weeks’ gestational age (with gestational age subcategories of 34-36, 32-33, 28-31, and 24-27 weeks) vs early and full term births (gestational age, 37-41 weeks). Main Outcomes and Measures Associations between PTB and annual adulthood income in 2018 Canadian dollars were assessed overall (current exhange rate: $1 = CAD $1.37) and stratified by family income quintiles, using generalized estimating equation regression models. Associations between PTB and percentile rank change (ie, difference between the rank of individuals and their parents in the income distribution within their respective generations) and upward or downward mobility (based on income quintile) were assessed using linear and multinomial logistic regressions, respectively. Results Of 1.6 million included births (51.1% boys and 48.9% girls), 6.9% infants were born preterm (5.4% born at 34-36 weeks, 0.7% born at 32-33 weeks, 0.5% born at 28-31 weeks, and 0.2% born at 24-27 weeks). After matching on baseline characteristics (eg, sex, province of birth, and parental demographics) and adjusting for age and period effects, PTB was associated with lower annual income (mean difference, CAD −$687 [95% CI, −$788 to −$586]; 3% lower per year), and the differences were greater among those belonging to families in the lowest family SES quintile (mean difference, CAD −$807 [95% CI, −$998 to −$617]; 5% lower per year). Preterm birth was also associated with lower upward mobility and higher downward mobility, particularly for those born earlier than 31 weeks’ gestational age (24-27 weeks: mean difference in percentile rank change, −8.7 percentile points [95% CI, −10.5 to −6.8 percentile points]). Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based matched cohort study, PTB was associated with lower adulthood income, lower upward social mobility, and higher downward mobility, with greater differences among those belonging to economically disadvantaged families. Interventions to optimize socioeconomic outcomes of preterm-born individuals would need to define target population considering SES.
Global Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Xinyue Zhang, Jiaye Liu, Yinyun Ni, Cheng Yi, Yiqiao Fang, Qingyang Ning, Bingbing Shen, Kaixiang Zhang, Yang Liu, Lin Yang, Kewei Li, Yong Liu, Rui Huang, Zhihui Li
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence is a global health issue associated with adverse outcomes throughout the life course.
Integrated single cell analysis reveals co-evolution of malignant B cells and tumor micro-environment in transformed follicular lymphoma
Authors: Clémentine Sarkozy, Shaocheng Wu, Katsuyoshi Takata, Tomohiro Aoki, Susana B. Neriah, Katy Milne, Talia Goodyear, Celia Strong, Tashi Rastogi, Laura K. Hilton, Daniel Lai, Laurie H. Sehn, Pedro Farinha, Brad H. Nelson, Andrew Weng, Marco Marra, David W. Scott, Jeffrey W. Craig, Christian Steidl, Andrew Roth
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
Lung Cancer Screening in the US, 2022
Authors: Priti Bandi, Jessica Star, Kilan Ashad-Bishop, Tyler Kratzer, Robert Smith, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Importance The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends annual lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography in high-risk individuals (age 50-80 years, ≥20 pack-years currently smoking or formerly smoked, and quit &amp;amp;lt;15 years ago) for early detection of LC. However, representative state-level LCS data are unavailable nationwide. Objective To estimate the contemporary prevalence of up-to-date (UTD) LCS in the US nationwide and across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) population-based, nationwide, state-representative survey for respondents aged 50 to 79 years who were eligible for LCS according to the 2021 USPSTF eligibility criteria. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2023, to March 20, 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was self-reported UTD-LCS (defined as past-year) prevalence according to the 2021 USPSTF eligibility criteria in respondents aged 50 to 79 years. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) and 95% CIs compared differences. Results Among 25 958 sample respondents eligible for LCS (median [IQR] age, 62 [11] years), 61.5% reported currently smoking, 54.4% were male, 64.4% were aged 60 years or older, and 53.0% had a high school education or less. The UTD-LCS prevalence was 18.1% overall, but varied across states (range, 9.7%-31.0%), with relatively lower levels in southern states characterized by high LC mortality burden. The UTD-LCS prevalence increased with age (50-54 years: 6.7%; 70-79 years: 27.1%) and number of comorbidities (≥3: 24.6%; none: 8.7%). A total of 3.7% of those without insurance and 5.1% of those without a usual source of care were UTD with LCS, but state-level Medicaid expansions (APR, 2.68; 95% CI, 1.30-5.53) and higher screening capacity levels (high vs low: APR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.75) were associated with higher UTD-LCS prevalence. Conclusions and Relevance This study of data from the 2022 BRFSS found that the overall prevalence of UTD-LCS was low. Disparities were largest according to health care access and geographically across US states, with low prevalence in southern states with high LC burden. The findings suggest that state-based initiatives to expand access to health care and screening facilities may be associated with improved LCS rates and reduced disparities.
Management of Depression in Adults
Authors: Gregory E. Simon, Nathalie Moise, David C. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Approximately 9% of US adults experience major depression each year, with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 17% for men and 30% for women. Observations Major depression is defined by depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, and associated psychological and somatic symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks. Evaluation should include structured assessment of severity as well as risk of self-harm, suspected bipolar disorder, psychotic symptoms, substance use, and co-occurring anxiety disorder. First-line treatments include specific psychotherapies and antidepressant medications. A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials reported cognitive therapy, behavioral activation, problem-solving therapy, interpersonal therapy, brief psychodynamic therapy, and mindfulness-based psychotherapy all had at least medium-sized effects in symptom improvement over usual care without psychotherapy (standardized mean difference [SMD] ranging from 0.50 [95% CI, 0.20-0.81] to 0.73 [95% CI, 0.52-0.95]). A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials reported 21 antidepressant medications all had small- to medium-sized effects in symptom improvement over placebo (SMD ranging from 0.23 [95% CI, 0.19-0.28] for fluoxetine to 0.48 [95% CI, 0.41-0.55] for amitriptyline). Psychotherapy combined with antidepressant medication may be preferred, especially for more severe or chronic depression. A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials reported greater symptom improvement with combined treatment than with psychotherapy alone (SMD, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.14-0.45]) or medication alone (SMD, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.20-0.47]). When initial antidepressant medication is not effective, second-line medication treatment includes changing antidepressant medication, adding a second antidepressant, or augmenting with a nonantidepressant medication, which have approximately equal likelihood of success based on a network meta-analysis. Collaborative care programs, including systematic follow-up and outcome assessment, improve treatment effectiveness, with 1 meta-analysis reporting significantly greater symptom improvement compared with usual care (SMD, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.23-0.61]). Conclusions and Relevance Effective first-line depression treatments include specific forms of psychotherapy and more than 20 antidepressant medications. Close monitoring significantly improves the likelihood of treatment success.
Cancer Incidence Trends in Successive Social Generations in the US
Authors: Philip S. Rosenberg, Adalberto Miranda-Filho
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The incidence of some cancers in the US is increasing in younger age groups, but underlying trends in cancer patterns by birth year remain unclear. Objective To estimate cancer incidence trends in successive social generations. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, incident invasive cancers were ascertained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program’s 13-registry database (November 2020 submission, accessed August 14, 2023). Invasive cancers diagnosed at ages 35 to 84 years during 1992 to 2018 within 152 strata were defined by cancer site, sex, and race and ethnicity. Exposure Invasive cancer. Main Outcome and Measures Stratum-specific semiparametric age-period-cohort (SAGE) models were fitted and incidence per 100 000 person-years at the reference age of 60 years was calculated for single-year birth cohorts from 1908 through 1983 (fitted cohort patterns [FCPs]). The FCPs and FCP incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were compared by site for Generation X (born between 1965 and 1980) and Baby Boomers (born between 1946 and 1964). Results A total of 3.8 million individuals with invasive cancer (51.0% male; 8.6% Asian or Pacific Islander, 9.5% Hispanic, 10.4% non-Hispanic Black, and 71.5% non-Hispanic White) were included in the analysis. In Generation X vs Baby Boomers, FCP IRRs among women increased significantly for thyroid (2.76; 95% CI, 2.41-3.15), kidney (1.99; 95% CI, 1.70-2.32), rectal (1.84; 95% CI, 1.52-2.22), corpus uterine (1.75; 95% CI, 1.40-2.18), colon (1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.92), and pancreatic (1.39; 95% CI, 1.07-1.80) cancers; non-Hodgkins lymphoma (1.40; 95% CI, 1.08-1.82); and leukemia (1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.58). Among men, IRRs increased for thyroid (2.16; 95% CI, 1.87-2.50), kidney (2.14; 95% CI, 1.86-2.46), rectal (1.80; 95% CI, 1.52-2.12), colon (1.60; 95% CI, 1.32-1.94), and prostate (1.25; 95% CI, 1.03-1.52) cancers and leukemia (1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Lung (IRR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.72) and cervical (IRR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.89) cancer incidence decreased among women, and lung (IRR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.43-0.60), liver (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.91), and gallbladder (IRR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.72-1.00) cancer and non-Hodgkins lymphoma (IRR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61-0.93) incidence decreased among men. For all cancers combined, FCPs were higher in Generation X than for Baby Boomers because gaining cancers numerically overtook falling cancers in all groups except Asian or Pacific Islander men. Conclusions and Relevance In this model-based cohort analysis of incident invasive cancer in the general population, decreases in lung and cervical cancers in Generation X may be offset by gains at other sites. Generation X may be experiencing larger per-capita increases in the incidence of leading cancers than any prior generation born in 1908 through 1964. On current trajectories, cancer incidence could remain high for decades.
Tau Positron Emission Tomography for Predicting Dementia in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Colin Groot, Ruben Smith, Lyduine E. Collij, Sophie E. Mastenbroek, Erik Stomrud, Alexa Pichet Binette, Antoine Leuzy, Sebastian Palmqvist, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Olof Strandberg, Hanna Cho, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Debora E. Peretti, Valentina Garibotto, Renaud La Joie, David N. Soleimani-Meigooni, Gil Rabinovici, Rik Ossenkoppele, Oskar Hansson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

An accurate prognosis is especially pertinent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), when individuals experience considerable uncertainty about future progression.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Nontraumatic Subdural Hemorrhage
Authors: Francesco Bax, Steven M. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in Pediatric Central Nervous System Malaria
Authors: Gretchen L. Birbeck, Karl B. Seydel, Suzanna Mwanza, Derby Tembo, Moses Chilombe, Arthur Watts, Ifunanya Ume-Ezeoke, Manoj Mathews, Archana A. Patel, Musaku Mwenechanya, Paul Pensulo, Michael P. McDermott
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

A third of children who survive malaria with neurological involvement (central nervous system [CNS] malaria) develop sequelae. A higher maximum temperature (Tmax) and seizures are risk factors for sequelae.
Prioritizing Women’s Inclusion in Clinical Trials of Medical Devices
Authors: Jessica N. Holtzman, Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Pediatric Primary Care Billing Trends After the 2021 Evaluation and Management Coding Changes
Authors: Naveed Rabbani, Laura Burckett Patane, Jonathan Hatoun, Emily Trudell Correa, Louis Vernacchio
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines the differences in billing trends for pediatric patient care compared with adult care after the 2021 evaluation and management (E/M) policy changes.
Severe Neurological Sequelae in Pediatric Patients with SARS-CoV-2 or MIS-C
Authors: Michael S. Wolf
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Conall Francoeur, MDCM; Alicia M. Alcamo, MD, MPH; Courtney L. Robertson, MD; Mark S. Wainwright, MD, PhD; Juan D. Roa, MD, MS; Marlina E. Lovett, MD; Casey Stulce, MD; Mais Yacoub, MD; Renee M. Potera, MD; Elizabeth Zivick, MD; Adrian Holloway, MD; Ashish Nagpal, MD; Kari Wellnitz, MD; Katelyn M. Even, MD; Werther Brunow de Carvalho, PhD; Isadora S. Rodriguez, MD; Stephanie P. Schwartz, MD; Tracie C. Walker, MD; Santiago Campos-Miño, MD, MSc; Leslie A. Dervan, MD, MS; Andrew S. Geneslaw, MD, MS; Taylor B. Sewell, MD, MBA; Patrice Pryce, MD; Wendy G. Silver, MD; Jieru E. Lin, MD, PhD; Wendy S. Vargas, MD, MA; Alexis Topjian, MD, MSCE; Jennifer L. McGuire, MD, MSCE; Jesus Angel Domínguez Rojas, MD; Jaime Tasayco-Muñoz, MD; Sue J. Hong, MD; William J. Muller, MD, PhD; Matthew Doerfler, MD; Cydni N. Williams, MD, MCR; Kurt Drury, MD; Dhristie Bhagat, MD; Aaron Nelson, MD, MBS; Dana Price, MD; Heda Dapul, MD; Laura Santos, MD, MS; Robert Kahoud, MD; Brian Appavu, MD; Kristin P. Guilliams, MD, MSCI; Shannon C. Agner, MD, PhD; Karen H. Walson, MD; Lindsey Rasmussen, MD; Ria Pal, MD; Anna Janas, MD, PhD; Peter Ferrazzano, MD; Raquel Farias-Moeller, MD; Kellie C. Snooks, DO, MPH; Chung-Chou H. Chang, PhD; Tomás Iolster, MD; Jennifer C. Erklauer, MD; Facundo Jorro Baron, MD; Evangeline Wassmer, MSC; Michael Yoong, MD; Michelle Jardine, MD; Zoha Mohammad, MD; Akash Deep, MD; Tanil Kendirli, MD; Karen Lidsky, MD; Samantha Dallefeld, MD; Helen Flockton, MD; Shruti Agrawal, MD; Krishna Sumanth Siruguppa, MBBS; Michaela Waak, MD; Alfonso Gutiérrez-Mata, MD; Warwick Butt, MBBS; Sixto Bogantes-Ledezma, PhD; Fabricio Sevilla-Acosta, MD; Andres Umaña-Calderón, MD; Adriana Ulate-Campos, MD; Adriana Yock-Corrales, MD, MSc; Victor Brodzik Talisa, PhD; Hari Krishnan Kanthimathinathan, MD; Michelle E. Schober, MD; Ericka L. Fink, MD, MS; Global Consortium Study of Neurologic Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID) Investigators
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Outcomes After Radiation Therapy in Black Patients With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Kylie M. Morgan, Paul Riviere, Tyler J. Nelson, Kripa Guram, Leah N. Deshler, Daniel Sabater Minarim, Elizabeth A. Duran, Matthew P. Banegas, Brent S. Rose
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Prostate cancer in Black men compared with White men may be more sensitive to radiation therapy resulting in better outcomes in equal-access settings. The outcomes of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) vs radiation therapy itself remains uncharacterized. Objectives To quantify any outcome modification by receipt of ADT on the association between Black race and prostate cancer outcomes following radiation therapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective, nationwide cohort study of Black and White patients treated in the US Veterans Healthcare system between 2000 and 2020 receiving definitive radiation for localized prostate cancer. Data were analyzed from January 2000 to December 2020. Exposure Patient self-identified race and use of ADT defined as any gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist prescription within 6 months of radiation. Main Outcomes and Measures Biochemical recurrence (BCR) from time of completion of radiation therapy (prostate-specific antigen nadir plus 2 ng/mL) and development of metastatic disease or prostate cancer mortality (PCSM) from time of recurrence. Results A total of 26 542 patients (8716 Black men with median [IQR] age of 64 [59-69] years and 17 826 White men with median [IQR] age of 67 [62-72] years) received definitive radiation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer and had complete staging and follow-up data. A total of 5144 patients experienced BCR (3384 White and 1760 Black patients). The cumulative incidence of BCR at 10 years was not significantly different between Black and White men (1602 [22.14%] vs 3099 [20.13%], respectively) with multivariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.97-1.09; P = .33). In men receiving ADT, Black men had an HR for BCR of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82-0.99; P = .03) compared with White men, and in men not receiving ADT, Black men had an HR of 1.13 (95% CI, 1.05-1.22; P = .002). Black race was associated with a decreased risk of developing metastatic disease (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; P = .02) or PCSM (subdistribution HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.63-0.82; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) from time of biochemical recurrence. Conclusions and Relevance Black patients treated with radiation appear to specifically benefit from the addition of ADT with regard to biochemical control. Additionally, BCR in Black men results in a lower rate of metastatic disease and death from prostate cancer. Future analyses of radiosensitivity in Black men should evaluate for the possibility of outcome modification by ADT.