tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening college athletes for sexual violence: athletes’ experiences and opinions on best practices
Authors: Sherilyn DeStefano, Emily Peterson, Derek C Pham, Nicholas J Jackson, Derjung M Tarn, Dena Florczyk, Aurelia Nattiv
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

College athletes are at elevated risk for sexual violence, yet few formally report it and screening for sexual violence is uncommon. This study aimed to evaluate the nature of screening occurring among college athletes and collect athletes' opinions on how best to screen for sexual violence.
Decoding the Foodome: Molecular Networks Connecting Diet and Health
Authors: Giulia Menichetti, Albert-László Barabási, Joseph Loscalzo
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2024)

Diet, a modifiable risk factor, plays a pivotal role in most diseases, from cardiovascular disease to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and obesity. However, our understanding of the mechanistic role of the chemical compounds found in food remains incomplete. In this review, we explore the "dark matter" of nutrition, going beyond the macro- and micronutrients documented by national databases to unveil the exceptional chemical diversity of food composition. We also discuss the need to explore the impact of each compound in the presence of associated chemicals and relevant food sources and describe the tools that will allow us to do so. Finally, we discuss the role of network medicine in understanding the mechanism of action of each food molecule. Overall, we illustrate the important role of network science and artificial intelligence in our ability to reveal nutrition's multifaceted role in health and disease.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Costs of Inhaler Devices in the US
Authors: Jyothi Tirumalasetty, Shelie A. Miller, Hallie C. Prescott, Serena DeTata, Anna Chen Arroyo, Alexander J. K. Wilkinson, Alexander S. Rabin
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study assesses mean emissions and costs and estimated total yearly emissions and costs for US-branded inhalers prescribed to Medicare Part D and Medicaid beneficiaries.
Posttraumatic stress disorder increases thrombosis risk: Evidence from a biobank data set
Authors: Hui Chong Lau, Sinead M. Sinnott, Shady Abohashem, Giovanni Civieri, Wesam Aldosoky, Krystel Karam, Maria Khalil, Iqra Qamar, Rachel P. Rosovsky, Michael T. Osborne, Ahmed Tawakol, Antonia V. Seligowski
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Depression and anxiety are linked to deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) increases risk of venous thromboembolism in women. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unknown. We hypothesized that PTSD would associate with increased DVT risk, that neuroimmune mechanisms would mediate the PTSD‐DVT link, and that these associations would be stronger in women. This cohort study included N = 106 427 participants from a large biobank. PTSD and DVT were defined using ICD‐10 codes. A subset ( N = 1520) underwent imaging, from which we assessed stress‐associated neural activity (SNA). High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels and heart rate variability (HRV) were used as indicators of systemic inflammation and autonomic activity, respectively. Linear, logistic, and Cox regressions and mediation analyses were used to test our hypotheses. Of 106 427 participants, 4192 (3.9%) developed DVT. PTSD associated with increased DVT risk (HR [95% CI]: 1.66 [1.34, 2.07], p &lt; .001), and this finding remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and traditional DVT risk factors. When analyzed separately by sex, PTSD was significantly associated with DVT risk in women but not men. Further, heightened SNA and lower HRV mediated the effect of PTSD on DVT risk. Results suggest that individuals with PTSD are at increased risk for DVT, and that risk is higher in women. This relationship was partially driven by alterations in stress‐associated neural activity and autonomic function, suggesting potential targets for preventive therapies. Future studies are needed to investigate whether intervening on PTSD‐DVT mechanisms has downstream beneficial effects on DVT, especially among women.
Long‐term outcomes of renal <scp>AL</scp> amyloidosis patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation: Validating the performance of the renal staging system
Authors: Eli Muchtar, Morie A. Gertz, Raphael Mwangi, Hamza Hassan, Angela Dispenzieri, Nelson Leung, Francis K Buadi, David Dingli, Andrew Staron, Vaishali Sanchorawala
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Renal AL amyloidosis can be complicated by end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). In this study, we describe the long-term outcomes of renal AL amyloidosis patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and assess the utility of the renal staging system. Retrospective study of renal AL patients (n = 697; Mayo Clinic, Boston University) who underwent ASCT between 2003 and 2020. Renal stage was assigned based on 24-h proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements. Renal survival was defined as the time from ASCT until initiation of RRT, while patients who were not placed on RRT were censored at their last follow-up. With a median follow-up of 10.4 years, RRT was required in 149 patients (21%). The median time from ASCT to ESRD was 3.4 years, with late events of progression to ESRD seen >10 years from ASCT. Pre-ASCT renal stage was significantly associated with the cumulative incidence of RRT: 3-year RRT rate was 3%, 10%, and 37% for renal stages I, II, and III, respectively. However, in the 2012-2020 period subset, a significant decrease in ESRD risk was noted across all renal stages (3-year RRT 0%, 5%, and 24%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, renal survival was independently associated with the pre-ASCT renal stage, lambda isotype, bone marrow plasmacytosis ≥20%, post-ASCT hematologic response, and year of ASCT. Long-term outcomes of renal AL amyloidosis treated with ASCT are presented. Renal stage reliably predicts renal outcomes in patients with AL undergoing ASCT, despite a reduction in the proportion of patients progressing to RRT in recent years.
Nutritional Mechanisms of Cancer Cachexia
Authors: Stephanie L.E. Compton, Steven B. Heymsfield, Justin C. Brown
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2024)

Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic wasting syndrome. Nutritional mechanisms that span energy intake, nutrient metabolism, body composition, and energy balance may be impacted by, and may contribute to, the development of cachexia. To date, clinical management of cachexia remains elusive. Leaning on discoveries and novel methodologies from other fields of research may bolster new breakthroughs that improve nutritional management and clinical outcomes. Characteristics that compare and contrast cachexia and obesity may reveal opportunities for cachexia research to adopt methodology from the well-established field of obesity research. This review outlines the known nutritional mechanisms and gaps in the knowledge surrounding cancer cachexia. In parallel, we present how obesity may be a different side of the same coin and how obesity research has tackled similar research questions. We present insights into how cachexia research may utilize nutritional methodology to expand our understanding of cachexia to improve definitions and clinical care in future directions for the field.
Relationship Between Sensor-Detected Hypoglycemia and Patient-Reported Hypoglycemia in People With Type 1 and Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: The Hypo-METRICS Study
Authors: Patrick Divilly, Gilberte Martine-Edith, Natalie Zaremba, Uffe Søholm, Zeinab Mahmoudi, Monika Cigler, Namam Ali, Evertine J. Abbink, Julie Brøsen, Bastiaan de Galan, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Allan A. Vaag, Rory J. McCrimmon, Eric Renard, Simon Heller, Mark Evans, Julia K. Mader, Stephanie A. Amiel, Frans Pouwer, Pratik Choudhary
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

Use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has led to greater detection of hypoglycemia; the clinical significance of this is not fully understood. The Hypoglycaemia-Measurement, Thresholds and Impacts (Hypo-METRICS) study was designed to investigate the rates and duration of sensor-detected hypoglycemia (SDH) and their relationship with person-reported hypoglycemia (PRH) in people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) with prior experience of hypoglycemia.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Intimate Partner Homicide Among Women — United States, 2018–2021
Authors: Adam Rowh, Shane Jack
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Stay-at-home orders and other stressors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic prompted concerns about a possible increase in intimate partner violence (1), including intimate partner homicide, which disproportionately affects women (2).Subsequent research on this topic has produced inconsistent results (3).CDC analyzed changes in the incidence and characteristics of intimate partner homicide during January 1, 2018-December 31, 2021, using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) (4). Investigation and Outcomes Data Source and AnalysisThis report summarizes NVDRS data covering 49 states (all except Florida), the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.Analysis subjects included female victims of intimate partner homicide* aged ≥18 years.Population crude rates (female intimate partner homicide deaths per 100,000 women) were calculated for 2018-2019 and 2020-2021.† Selected characteristics of the victim, suspected perpetrator (suspect), and incident were tabulated.Observations were compared between periods using Wilcoxon rank sum and Pearson's chi-square tests as appropriate; p-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.This activity was reviewed by CDC,
Impact of antimicrobials on penile HIV susceptibility and immunology in uncircumcised men: A randomized phase 1/2 clinical trial
Authors: Ronald M Galiwango, Brenda Okech, Daniel E Park, Lane Buchanan, Zhongtian Shao, Bernard Bagaya, Juliet Mpendo, Vineet Joag, Sergey Yegorov, Annet Nanvubya, Victoria M Biribawa, Teddy Namatovu, Charles Kato, Barbara Kawoozo, Ali Ssetaala, Moses Muwanga, Maliha Aziz, Tony Pham, Sanja Huibner, Aaron A R Tobian, Cindy M Liu, Jessica L Prodger, Rupert Kaul
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)
Multiomics: Functional Molecular Biomarkers of Micronutrients for Public Health Application
Authors: Lindsay H. Allen, Michael Fenech, Marcia A. LeVatte, Keith P. West, David S. Wishart
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2024)

Adequate micronutrient intake and status are global public health goals. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are widespread and known to impair health and survival across the life stages. However, knowledge of molecular effects, metabolic pathways, biological responses to variation in micronutrient nutriture, and abilities to assess populations for micronutrient deficiencies and their pathology remain lacking. Rapidly evolving methodological capabilities in genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics offer unparalleled opportunities for the nutrition research community to link micronutrient exposure to cellular health; discover new, arguably essential micronutrients of microbial origin; and integrate methods of molecular biology, epidemiology, and intervention trials to develop novel approaches to assess and prevent micronutrient deficiencies in populations. In this review article, we offer new terminology to specify nutritional application of multiomic approaches and encourage collaboration across the basic to public health sciences to advance micronutrient deficiency prevention.
Changes in Health Indicators Among Caregivers — United States, 2015–2016 to 2021–2022
Authors: Greta Kilmer, John D. Omura, Erin D. Bouldin, Jenny Walker, Katie Spears, Janelle Gore, Akilah R. Ali, Lisa C. McGuire
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Caregivers provide support to persons who might otherwise require placement in long-term care facilities. Approximately one in five U.S. adults provides care to family members or friends who have a chronic health condition or disability. Promoting the well-being of this large segment of the population is a public health priority as recognized by the 2022 National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers. Although negative associations between caregiving and caregiver health are known, changes in the health status of caregivers over time are not. Data from the 2015-2016 and 2021-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed to compare changes in the prevalence of 19 health indicators among cross-sectional samples of caregivers and noncaregivers at different time points. Caregivers experienced improvements in prevalence of four health indicators, whereas six worsened. Some health indicators, such as cigarette smoking, improved for both caregivers and noncaregivers, although smoking prevalence remained higher for caregivers (16.6% versus 11.7%). Prevalence of lifetime depression increased for both groups and remained higher among caregivers (25.6%) than among noncaregivers (18.6%). During 2021-2022, age-adjusted estimates for caregivers were unfavorable for 13 of the 19 health indicators when compared with noncaregivers. Strategies for supporting caregivers are available, and integrating these with existing programs to address mental health and chronic diseases among this population might improve caregiver well-being. For example, many community organizations support caregivers by offering interventions designed to relieve caregiver strain, including skills training, support groups, and care coordination.
Cluster of Influenza A(H5) Cases Associated with Poultry Exposure at Two Facilities — Colorado, July 2024
Authors: Cara C. Drehoff, Elizabeth B. White, Aaron M. Frutos, Ginger Stringer, Alexis Burakoff, Nicole Comstock, Alicia Cronquist, Nisha Alden, Isaac Armistead, Allison Kohnen, Radhika Ratnabalasuriar, Emily A. Travanty, Shannon R. Matzinger, Alexandria Rossheim, Aleigha Wellbrock, H. Pamela Pagano, Dennis Wang, Jordan Singleton, Rebekah A. Sutter, C. Todd Davis, Krista Kniss, Sascha Ellington, Marie K. Kirby, Carrie Reed, Rachel Herlihy, Robyn Weber, Leovi Madera, Megan Vizina, Brene Belew-Ladue, Hannah Padda, Angiezel Merced-Morales, Ann Carpenter, Grace E. Marx, Lizette O. Durand, Scott Brueck
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Persons who work in close contact with dairy cattle and poultry that are infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus are at increased risk for infection. In July 2024, the Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment responded to two poultry facilities with HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in poultry. Across the two facilities, 663 workers assisting with poultry depopulation (i.e., euthanasia) received screening for illness; 109 (16.4%) reported symptoms and consented to testing. Among those who received testing, nine (8.3%) received a positive influenza A(H5) virus test result, and 19 (17.4%) received a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. All nine workers who received positive influenza A(H5) test results had conjunctivitis, experienced mild illness, and received oseltamivir. This poultry exposure-associated cluster of human cases of influenza A(H5) is the first reported in the United States. The identification of these cases highlights the ongoing risk to persons who work in close contact with infected animals. Early response to each facility using multidisciplinary, multilingual teams facilitated case-finding, worker screening, and treatment. As the prevalence of HPAI A(H5N1) virus clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13 increases, U.S. public health agencies should prepare to rapidly investigate and respond to illness in agricultural workers, including workers with limited access to health care.
Reported Non–Substance-Related Mental Health Disorders Among Persons Who Died of Drug Overdose — United States, 2022
Authors: Amanda T. Dinwiddie, Stephanie Gupta, Christine L. Mattson, Julie O’Donnell, Puja Seth
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Drug overdose deaths remain a public health crisis in the United States; nearly 107,000 and nearly 108,000 deaths occurred in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Persons with mental health conditions are at increased risk for overdose. In addition, substance use disorders and non-substance-related mental health disorders (MHDs) frequently co-occur. Using data from CDC's State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System, this report describes characteristics of persons in 43 states and the District of Columbia who died of unintentional or undetermined intent drug overdose and had any MHD. In 2022, 21.9% of persons who died of drug overdose had a reported MHD. Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria, the most frequently reported MHDs were depressive (12.9%), anxiety (9.4%), and bipolar (5.9%) disorders. Overall, approximately 80% of overdose deaths involved opioids, primarily illegally manufactured fentanyls. Higher proportions of deaths among decedents with an MHD involved antidepressants (9.7%) and benzodiazepines (15.3%) compared with those without an MHD (3.3% and 8.5%, respectively). Nearly one quarter of decedents with an MHD had at least one recent potential opportunity for intervention (e.g., approximately one in 10 decedents were undergoing substance use disorder treatment, and one in 10 visited an emergency department or urgent care facility within 1 month of death). Expanding efforts to identify and address co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (e.g., integrated screening and treatment) and strengthen treatment retention and harm reduction services could save lives.
Developmental Timing of Adversity and Mental Health Across the Lifespan—Time to Rethink Sensitive Periods?
Authors: Ran Barzilay
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Associations of adversity in the form of traumatic experiences and stressful events with health outcomes are well appreciated, particularly when adversity is experienced early in the lifespan. 1peland and colleagues 2 address an open question regarding the role of development in the association of adversity with mental health.Through integration of data from 3 studies spanning the
Live-Cell Invasive Phenotyping Uncovers ALK2 as a Therapeutic Target in LKB1-Mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Junghui Koo, Chang-Soo Seong, Rebecca E. Parker, Amy Herrera, Bhakti Dwivedi, Robert A. Arthur, Ashok Reddy Dinasarapu, Henry Richard Johnston, Henry Claussen, Carol Tucker-Burden, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Haian Fu, Wei Zhou, Adam I. Marcus, Melissa Gilbert-Ross
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

The acquisition of invasive properties is a prerequisite for tumor progression and metastasis. Molecular subtypes of KRAS-driven lung cancer exhibit distinct modes of invasion that contribute to unique growth properties and therapeutic susceptibilities. Despite this, preclinical strategies designed to exploit growth within the context of invasion are lacking. To address this, we designed an experimental system to screen for targetable signaling pathways linked to active early 3D invasion phenotypes in different molecular subtypes of KRAS-driven lung adenocarcinoma. Combined live-cell imaging of human bronchial epithelial cells in a 3D invasion matrix and transcriptomic profiling identified mutant LKB1-specific upregulation of BMP6. LKB1 loss increased BMP6 signaling, which induced the canonical iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Intact LKB1 was necessary to maintain BMP6 signaling homeostasis and restrict ALK2/BMP6-fueled growth. Preclinical studies in a Kras/Lkb1-mutant syngeneic mouse model and in a xenograft model showed potent growth suppression by inhibiting the ALK2/BMP6 signaling axis with single-agent inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials. Lastly, BMP6 expression was elevated in tumors of patients with LKB1-mutant early-stage lung cancer. These results are consistent with those of a model in which LKB1 acts as a "brake" to iron-regulated growth and suggest that ALK2 inhibition can be used for patients with LKB1-mutant tumors. Significance: Three-dimensional invasion-linked gene expression analysis reveals a therapeutic vulnerability to inhibition of ALK2/BMP6 signaling in LKB1-mutant lung cancer that can be rapidly translated to the clinic.
Combination anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy generates waves of clonal responses that include progenitor-exhausted CD8+ T cells
Authors: Kevin Wang, Paulina Coutifaris, David Brocks, Guanning Wang, Tarek Azar, Sabrina Solis, Ajeya Nandi, Shaneaka Anderson, Nicholas Han, Sasikanth Manne, Evgeny Kiner, Chirag Sachar, Minke Lucas, Sangeeth George, Patrick K Yan, Melanie W Kier, Amy I Laughlin, Shawn Kothari, Josephine Giles, Divij Mathew, Reem Ghinnagow, Cecile Alanio, Ahron Flowers, Wei Xu, Daniel J Tenney, Xiaowei Xu, Ravi K Amaravadi, Giorgos C Karakousis, Lynn M Schuchter, Marcus Buggert, Derek Oldridge, Andy J Minn, Christian Blank, Jeffrey S Weber, Tara C Mitchell, Michael D Farwell, Ramin S Herati, Alexander C Huang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
Meningeal solitary fibrous tumor cell states phenocopy cerebral vascular development and homeostasis
Authors: Kanish Mirchia, Abrar Choudhury, Tara Joseph, Janeth Ochoa Birrueta, Joanna J Phillips, Aparna Bhaduri, Elizabeth E Crouch, Arie Perry, David R Raleigh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2024)

Abstract Background Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that are associated with local recurrence and hematogenous metastasis. The cell states and spatial transcriptomic architecture underlying the unique clinical behavior of meningeal SFTs are unknown. Methods Single-cell (n = 4), spatial (n = 8), and bulk RNA sequencing (n = 22) were used to define the cell states and spatial transcriptomic architecture of meningeal SFTs across histological grades and in patient-matched pairs of primary/recurrent or intracranial/metastatic samples. Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and comparison of single-cell types to meningiomas, or to cerebral vascular development or homeostasis, were used for validation. Results Here we show meningeal SFTs are comprised of regionally distinct gene expression programs that resemble cerebral vascular development or homeostasis. Single-cell trajectory analysis and pseudotemporal ordering of single cells suggest that meningeal SFT cell fate decisions are dynamic and interchangeable. Cell–cell communication analyses demonstrate receptor-ligand interactions throughout the meningeal SFT microenvironment, particularly between SFT cells, endothelia, and immature neurons. A direct comparison of single-cell transcriptomes from meningeal SFTs versus meningiomas shows that SFT cells are enriched in the expression of endothelial markers while meningioma cells are enriched in the expression of mural cell markers. Meningeal SFT spatial transcriptomes show regionally distinct intratumor heterogeneity in cell states, gene expression programs, and cell–cell interactions across World Health Organization histological grades and in patient-matched pairs of primary/recurrent or intracranial/metastatic samples. Conclusions These results shed light on pathways underlying meningeal SFT biology in comparison to other central nervous system tumors and provide a framework for integrating single-cell, spatial, and bulk RNA sequencing data across human cancers and normal tissues.
Efficacy and safety of anti-reflux surgery in gastroesophageal-related cough: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuheng Liu, Junfeng Huang, Shuxin Zhong, Ziwen Zheng, Zhixing Xu, Dongda Zhou, Shuojia Xie, Zikai Lin, Shiyue Li, Ruchong Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition that manifests a spectrum of symptoms, including gastroesophageal-related cough (GERC). Anti-reflux procedures have been employed to alleviate these symptoms, yet their efficacy varies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the improvement in gastroesophageal-related cough and other reflux symptoms following anti-reflux procedures.