tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endocrine Adverse Effects of Long-Term Opioid Use
Authors: Orly Bogler, Michael A. Incze
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Blood Pressure, Readmission, and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Benjamin R. Griffin, Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin, Qianyi Shi, Patrick Ten Eyck, Heather S. Reisinger, Korey Kennelty, Mary K. Good, Melissa L. Swee, Masaaki Yamada, Brian C. Lund, Diana I. Jalal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicates 20% to 25% of hospital admissions and is associated with long-term mortality, especially from cardiovascular disease. Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) following AKI may be associated with lower mortality, but potentially at the cost of higher short-term complications. Objective To determine associations of SBP with mortality and hospital readmissions following AKI, and to determine whether time from discharge affects these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study of adults with AKI during a hospitalization in Veteran Healthcare Association (VHA) hospitals was conducted between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients with 1 year or less of data within the VA system prior to admission, severe or end-stage liver disease, stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, metastatic cancer, and no blood pressure values within 30 days of discharge were excluded. Data analysis was conducted from May 2022 to February 2024. Exposure SBP was treated as time-dependent (categorized as &amp;amp;lt;120 mm Hg, 120-129 mm Hg, 130-139 mm Hg, 140-149 mm Hg, 150-159 mm Hg, and ≥160 mm Hg [comparator]). Time spent in each SBP category was accumulated over time and represented in 30-day increments. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were time to mortality and time to all-cause hospital readmission. Cox proportional hazards regression was adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory values. To evaluate associations over time, hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated at 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 180 days, 270 days, and 365 days from discharge. Results Of 237 409 admissions with AKI, 80 960 (57 242 aged 65 years or older [70.7%]; 77 965 male [96.3%] and 2995 female [3.7%]) were included. The cohort had high rates of diabetes (16 060 patients [20.0%]), congestive heart failure (22 516 patients [28.1%]), and chronic lung disease (27 682 patients [34.2%]), and 1-year mortality was 15.9% (12 876 patients). Overall, patients with SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg had the most favorable risk level for mortality and readmission. There were clear, time-dependent mediations on associations in all groups. Compared with patients with SBP of 160 mm Hg or greater, the risk of mortality for patients with SBP between 130 and 139 mm Hg decreased between 60 days (adjusted HR, 1.20; 99% CI, 1.00-1.44) and 365 days (adjusted HR, 0.58; 99% CI, 0.45-0.76). SBP less than 120 mm Hg was associated with increased risk of mortality at all time points. Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective cohort study of post-AKI patients, there were important time-dependent mediations of the association of blood pressure with mortality and readmission. These findings may inform timing of post-AKI blood pressure treatment.
Pubertal Timing Across Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Subgroups
Authors: Ai Kubo, Julia Acker, Sara Aghaee, Lawrence H. Kushi, Charles P. Quesenberry, Louise C. Greenspan, Shylaja Srinivasan, Alka M. Kanaya, Julianna Deardorff
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Earlier puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as mental health issues in adolescence and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. Despite rapid growth of the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander populations in the US, limited research exists on their pubertal timing, potentially masking health disparities.
Is Screening for Primary Aldosteronism Always the Best Option?—Reply
Authors: Adina F. Turcu, Suranut Charoensri, Linda Bashaw
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
The RIPK1 death domain restrains ZBP1- and TRIF-mediated cell death and inflammation
Authors: Takashi Imai, Juan Lin, Göksu Gökberk Kaya, Eunjin Ju, Vangelis Kondylis, Konstantinos Kelepouras, Gianmaria Liccardi, Chun Kim, Manolis Pasparakis
Journal: Immunity (2024)

RIPK1 is a multi-functional kinase that regulates cell death and inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. RIPK1 acts in a kinase-dependent and kinase-independent manner to promote or suppress apoptosis and necroptosis, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that a mutation (R588E) disrupting the RIPK1 death domain (DD) caused perinatal lethality induced by ZBP1-mediated necroptosis. Additionally, these mice developed postnatal inflammatory pathology, which was mediated by necroptosis-independent TNFR1, TRADD, and TRIF signaling, partially requiring RIPK3. Our biochemical mechanistic studies revealed that ZBP1- and TRIF-mediated activation of RIPK3 required RIPK1 kinase activity in wild-type cells but not in Ripk1R588E/R588E cells, suggesting that DD-dependent oligomerization of RIPK1 and its interaction with FADD determine the mechanisms of RIPK3 activation by ZBP1 and TRIF. Collectively, these findings revealed a critical physiological role of DD-dependent RIPK1 signaling that is important for the regulation of tissue homeostasis and inflammation.
Expanding Clinical Spectrum of Anti-GQ1b Antibody Syndrome
Authors: Sun-Uk Lee, Hyo-Jung Kim, Jeong-Yoon Choi, Kwang-Dong Choi, Ji-Soo Kim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

The discovery of the anti-GQ1b antibody has expanded the nosology of classic Miller Fisher syndrome to include Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome with ophthalmoplegia, and acute ophthalmoplegia without ataxia, which have been brought under the umbrella term anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. It seems timely to define the phenotypes of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome for the proper diagnosis of this syndrome with diverse clinical presentations. This review summarizes these syndromes and introduces recently identified subtypes.
Uncoupling interferons and the interferon signature explains clinical and transcriptional subsets in SLE
Authors: Eduardo Gómez-Bañuelos, Daniel W. Goldman, Victoria Andrade, Erika Darrah, Michelle Petri, Felipe Andrade
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) displays a hallmark interferon (IFN) signature. Yet, clinical trials targeting type I IFN (IFN-I) have shown variable efficacy, and blocking IFN-II failed to treat SLE. Here, we show that IFN type levels in SLE vary significantly across clinical and transcriptional endotypes. Whereas skin involvement correlated with IFN-I alone, systemic features like nephritis associated with co-elevation of IFN-I, IFN-II, and IFN-III, indicating additive IFN effects in severe SLE. Notably, while high IFN-II/-III levels without IFN-I had a limited effect on disease activity, IFN-II was linked to IFN-I-independent transcriptional profiles (e.g., OXPHOS and CD8+GZMH+ cells), and IFN-III enhanced IFN-induced gene expression when co-elevated with IFN-I. Moreover, dysregulated IFNs do not explain the IFN signature in 64% of patients or clinical manifestations including cytopenia, serositis, and anti-phospholipid syndrome, implying IFN-independent endotypes in SLE. This study sheds light on mechanisms underlying SLE heterogeneity and the variable response to IFN-targeted therapies in clinical trials.
3D Cell Migration Chip (3DCM‐Chip): A New Tool toward the Modeling of 3D Cellular Complex Systems
Authors: Silvia Buonvino, Davide Di Giuseppe, Joanna Filippi, Eugenio Martinelli, Dror Seliktar, Sonia Melino
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract 3D hydrogel‐based cell cultures provide models for studying cell behavior and can efficiently replicate the physiologic environment. Hydrogels can be tailored to mimic mechanical and biochemical properties of specific tissues and allow to produce gel‐in‐gel models. In this system, microspheres encapsulating cells are embedded in an outer hydrogel matrix, where cells are able to migrate. To enhance the efficiency of such studies, a lab‐on‐a‐chip named 3D cell migration‐chip (3DCM‐chip) is designed, which offers substantial advantages over traditional methods. 3DCM‐chip facilitates the analysis of biochemical and physical stimuli effects on cell migration/invasion in different cell types, including stem, normal, and tumor cells. 3DCM‐chip provides a smart platform for developing more complex cell co‐cultures systems. Herein the impact of human fibroblasts on MDA‐MB 231 breast cancer cells’ invasiveness is investigated. Moreover, how the presence of different cellular lines, including mesenchymal stem cells, normal human dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, affects the invasive behavior of cancer cells is investigated using 3DCM‐chip. Therefore, predictive tumoroid models with a more complex network of interactions between cells and microenvironment are here produced. 3DCM‐chip moves closer to the creation of in vitro systems that can potentially replicate key aspects of the physiological tumor microenvironment.
Cultivated <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> B6 from children with obesity promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by the bioactive metabolite tyramine
Authors: Jia Wei, Jiayou Luo, Fei Yang, Xiangling Feng, Ming Zeng, Wen Dai, Xiongfeng Pan, Yue Yang, Yamei Li, Yamei Duan, Xiang Xiao, Ping Ye, Zhenzhen Yao, Yixu Liu, Zhihang Huang, Jiajia Zhang, Yan Zhong, Ningan Xu, Miyang Luo
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Gut microbiota plays an essential role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the contribution of individual bacterial strains and their metabolites to childhood NAFLD pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Herein, the critical bacteria in children with obesity accompanied by NAFLD were identified by microbiome analysis. Bacteria abundant in the NAFLD group were systematically assessed for their lipogenic effects. The underlying mechanisms and microbial-derived metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis were investigated using multi-omics and LC-MS/MS analysis. The roles of the crucial metabolite in NAFLD were validated in vitro and in vivo as well as in an additional cohort. The results showed that Enterococcus spp. was enriched in children with obesity and NAFLD. The patient-derived Enterococcus faecium B6 (E. faecium B6) significantly contributed to NAFLD symptoms in mice. E. faecium B6 produced a crucial bioactive metabolite, tyramine, which probably activated PPAR-γ, leading to lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. Moreover, these findings were successfully validated in an additional cohort. This pioneering study elucidated the important functions of cultivated E. faecium B6 and its bioactive metabolite (tyramine) in exacerbating NAFLD. These findings advance the comprehensive understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis and provide new insights for the development of microbe/metabolite-based therapeutic strategies.
Spatio-temporal dynamics of the human small intestinal microbiome and its response to a synbiotic
Authors: Ran An, Ellen Wilms, Jacoline Gerritsen, Hye Kyong Kim, Celia Seguí Pérez, Isolde Besseling-van der Vaart, Daisy M.A.E. Jonkers, Ger T. Rijkers, Willem M. de Vos, Ad A.M. Masclee, Erwin G. Zoetendal, Freddy J. Troost, Hauke Smidt
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Although fecal microbiota composition is considered to preserve relevant and representative information for distal colonic content, it is evident that it does not represent microbial communities inhabiting the small intestine. Nevertheless, studies investigating the human small intestinal microbiome and its response to dietary intervention are still scarce. The current study investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of the small intestinal microbiome within a day and over 20 days, as well as its responses to a 14-day synbiotic or placebo control supplementation in 20 healthy subjects. Microbial composition and metabolome of luminal content of duodenum, jejunum, proximal ileum and feces differed significantly from each other. Additionally, differences in microbiota composition along the small intestine were most pronounced in the morning after overnight fasting, whereas differences in composition were not always measurable around noon or in the afternoon. Although overall small intestinal microbiota composition did not change significantly within 1 day and during 20 days, remarkable, individual-specific temporal dynamics were observed in individual subjects. In response to the synbiotic supplementation, only the microbial diversity in jejunum changed significantly. Increased metabolic activity of probiotic strains during intestinal passage, as assessed by metatranscriptome analysis, was not observed. Nevertheless, synbiotic supplementation led to a short-term spike in the relative abundance of genera included in the product in the small intestine approximately 2 hours post-ingestion. Collectively, small intestinal microbiota are highly dynamic. Ingested probiotic bacteria could lead to a transient spike in the relative abundance of corresponding genera and ASVs, suggesting their passage through the entire gastrointestinal tract. This study was registered to http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02018900.
Highly Effective Pyroelectric Catalysis for Simultaneous Tumor‐Targeted Dynamic Therapy and Gentle Photothermal Therapy by Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich CeO<sub>2</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Nanorods
Authors: Ying Chen, Yushu Wang, Jingyi Shi, Chunmei Guo, Lina Qi, Jianhang Zhao, Sihan Luo, Hui Zhou, Xiaomei Lu, Quli Fan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Pyroelectric nanostructures can effectively generate temperature-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the pyroelectric effect, providing promise for treating hypoxic tumors; and therefore, the synergistic application of photothermal therapy (PTT) and pyroelectric dynamic therapy (PEDT) presents an intriguing approach for cancer therapy. However, this method still faces challenges in improving pyroelectric catalysis and achieving precise tumor localization. In this study, a nano-heterojunction based on CeO
Unveiling the oral-gut connection: chronic apical periodontitis accelerates atherosclerosis via gut microbiota dysbiosis and altered metabolites in apoE−/− Mice on a high-fat diet
Authors: Guowu Gan, Shihan Lin, Yufang Luo, Yu Zeng, Beibei Lu, Ren Zhang, Shuai Chen, Huaxiang Lei, Zhiyu Cai, Xiaojing Huang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2024)

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the impact of chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) on atherosclerosis in apoE −/− mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). This investigation focused on the gut microbiota, metabolites, and intestinal barrier function to uncover potential links between oral health and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, CAP was shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis in HFD-fed apoE −/− mice, as evidenced by the increase in plaque size and volume in the aortic walls observed via Oil Red O staining. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota, with harmful bacterial species thriving while beneficial species declining. Metabolomic profiling indicated disruptions in lipid metabolism and primary bile acid synthesis, leading to elevated levels of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TDCA). These metabolic shifts may contribute to atherosclerosis development. Furthermore, impaired intestinal barrier function, characterized by reduced mucin expression and disrupted tight junction proteins, was observed. The increased intestinal permeability observed was positively correlated with the severity of atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting the importance of the intestinal barrier in cardiovascular health. In conclusion, this research underscores the intricate interplay among oral health, gut microbiota composition, metabolite profiles, and CVD incidence. These findings emphasize the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene as a potential preventive measure against cardiovascular issues, as well as the need for further investigations into the intricate mechanisms linking oral health, gut microbiota, and metabolic pathways in CVD development.
A Pseudo‐Surfactant Chemical Permeation Enhancer to Treat Otitis Media via Sustained Transtympanic Delivery of Antibiotics
Authors: Sophie S. Liu, Joanna M. White, Zhongmou Chao, Ruye Li, Shuxian Wen, Ally Garza, Wenjing Tang, Xiaojing Ma, Pengyu Chen, Susan Daniel, Frank S. Bates, Jingjie Yeo, Michelle A. Calabrese, Rong Yang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) represent a prevalent and safe strategy to enable noninvasive drug delivery across skin‐like biological barriers such as the tympanic membrane (TM). While most existing CPEs interact strongly with the lipid bilayers in the stratum corneum to create defects as diffusion paths, their interactions with the delivery system, such as polymers forming a hydrogel, can compromise gelation, formulation stability, and drug diffusion. To overcome this challenge, differing interactions between CPEs and the hydrogel system are explored, especially those with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an ionic surfactant and a common CPE, and those with methyl laurate (ML), a nonionic counterpart with a similar length alkyl chain. Notably, the use of ML effectively decouples permeation enhancement from gelation, enabling sustained delivery across TMs to treat acute otitis media (AOM), which is not possible with the use of SDS. Ciprofloxacin and ML are shown to form a pseudo‐surfactant that significantly boosts transtympanic permeation. The middle ear ciprofloxacin concentration is increased by 70‐fold in vivo in a chinchilla AOM model, yielding superior efficacy and biocompatibility than the previous highest‐performing formulation. Beyond improved efficacy and biocompatibility, this single‐CPE formulation significantly accelerates its progression toward clinical deployment.
The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides
Authors: Tingting Zhang, Daosheng Ai, Pingli Wei, Ying Xu, Zhanying Bi, Fengfei Ma, Fengzhi Li, Xing-Jun Chen, Zhaohuan Zhang, Xiaoxiao Zou, Zongpei Guo, Yue Zhao, Jun-Liszt Li, Meng Ye, Ziyan Feng, Xinshuang Zhang, Lijun Zheng, Jie Yu, Chunli Li, Tianqi Tu, Hongkui Zeng, Jianfeng Lei, Hongqi Zhang, Tao Hong, Li Zhang, Benyan Luo, Zhen Li, Chao Xing, Chenxi Jia, Lingjun Li, Wenzhi Sun, Woo-Ping Ge
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2024)
Cognitive representations of intracranial self-stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons depend on stimulation frequency
Authors: Samuel J Millard, Ivy B Hoang, Savannah Sherwood, Masakazu Taira, Vanessa Reyes, Zara Greer, Shayna L O'Connor, Kate M Wassum, Morgan H James, David J Barker, Melissa J Sharpe
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2024)

Abstract Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area support intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), yet the cognitive representations underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Here, 20-Hz stimulation of dopamine neurons, which approximates a physiologically relevant prediction error, was not sufficient to support ICSS beyond a continuously reinforced schedule and did not endow cues with a general or specific value. However, 50-Hz stimulation of dopamine neurons was sufficient to drive robust ICSS and was represented as a specific reward to motivate behavior. The frequency dependence of this effect is due to the rate (not the number) of action potentials produced by dopamine neurons, which differently modulates dopamine release downstream.
Artificial intelligence in surgery
Authors: Chris Varghese, Ewen M. Harrison, Greg O’Grady, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly emerging in healthcare, yet applications in surgery remain relatively nascent. Here we review the integration of AI in the field of surgery, centering our discussion on multifaceted improvements in surgical care in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative space. The emergence of foundation model architectures, wearable technologies and improving surgical data infrastructures is enabling rapid advances in AI interventions and utility. We discuss how maturing AI methods hold the potential to improve patient outcomes, facilitate surgical education and optimize surgical care. We review the current applications of deep learning approaches and outline a vision for future advances through multimodal foundation models. This Review outlines the state of the art of artificial intelligence in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative settings, where it has enormous potential to improve patient outcomes, surgical education and system efficiencies.