tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response Evaluation Using 68Ga-DOTA-IBA in a Case of Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Linwei Li, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract We report a case of a patient with metastatic prostate cancer receiving first-line endocrine therapy. Clinical symptoms, PSA level, and CT confirmed the significant progression of his bone metastatic lesions. In comparison to images at baseline, follow-up bone scan incorrectly showed remission of the bone lesions, whereas follow-up 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA correctly showed disease progression.
Walthard Cell Nests Leading to 18F-FDG Increased Uptake of Fallopian Tube
Authors: Shufan Xu, Lei Ou, Xiaoliang Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract We present 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of fallopian tube with Walthard cell nests. The images revealed a thickening of the bilateral fallopian tubes with increased FDG uptake. Malignant tumor or tuberculosis of the fallopian tube was suspected. Histopathology suggested fallopian tube with Walthard cell nests.
Role of [68Ga]FAPI PET/CT in Diagnosing Thymoma and Its Implications
Authors: Paul Martin Dahlke, Carolin Senger, Jens-Carsten Rückert, Jens Neudecker, Christian Furth
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract We report the case of a 71-year-old woman with recurrence of type B3 thymoma in which the diagnostic accuracy has benefited considerably from the additional use of [ 68 Ga]FAPI PET/CT when compared with the standard [ 18 F]FDG PET. [ 68 Ga]FAPI PET/CT confirmed the known lesions with higher lesion-to-background ratio and additionally identified a previously undetected lesion near the FDG-avid apex of the heart. This case demonstrates a potential superiority of [ 68 Ga]FAPI PET/CT in patients suffering from thymoma as detection of local recurrence close to metabolically active organs (ie, liver, heart) is improved. An improved planning of subsequent treatments (ie, lesion delineation for radiotherapy) appears possible.
RNase T2 deficiency promotes TLR13-dependent replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells
Authors: Ryota Sato, Kaiwen Liu, Takuma Shibata, Katsuaki Hoshino, Kiyoshi Yamaguchi, Toru Miyazaki, Ryosuke Hiranuma, Ryutaro Fukui, Yuji Motoi, Yuri Fukuda-Ohta, Yun Zhang, Tatjana Reuter, Yuko Ishida, Toshikazu Kondo, Tomoki Chiba, Hiroshi Asahara, Masato Taoka, Yoshio Yamauchi, Toshiaki Isobe, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Yoichi Furukawa, Eicke Latz, Kohta Nakatani, Yoshihiro Izumi, Yunzhong Nie, Hideki Taniguchi, Kensuke Miyake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Lysosomal stress due to the accumulation of nucleic acids (NAs) activates endosomal TLRs in macrophages. Here, we show that lysosomal RNA stress, caused by the lack of RNase T2, induces macrophage accumulation in multiple organs such as the spleen and liver through TLR13 activation by microbiota-derived ribosomal RNAs. TLR13 triggered emergency myelopoiesis, increasing the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen. Splenic macrophages continued to proliferate and mature into macrophages expressing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In the liver, TLR13 activated monocytes/macrophages to proliferate and mature into monocyte-derived KCs (moKCs), in which, the liver X receptor (LXR) was activated. In accumulated moKCs, tissue clearance genes such as MerTK, AXL, and apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage (AIM) were highly expressed, while TLR-dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines was impaired. Consequently, Rnaset2−/− mice were resistant to acute liver injuries elicited by acetaminophen (APAP) and LPS with D-galactosamine. These findings suggest that TLR13 activated by lysosomal RNA stress promotes the replenishment of tissue-protective Kupffer cells.
Novel role of FTO in regulation of gut–brain communication via <i>Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis</i> -produced hydrogen sulfide under arsenic exposure
Authors: Ruonan Chen, Xiaoqin Chai, Yunxiao Zhang, Tianxiu Zhou, Yinyin Xia, Xuejun Jiang, Bo Lv, Jun Zhang, Lixiao Zhou, Xin Tian, Ruonan Wang, Lejiao Mao, Feng Zhao, Hongyang Zhang, Jun Hu, Jingfu Qiu, Zhen Zou, Chengzhi Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the key demethylase that reverses the abnormally altered N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in eukaryotic cells under environmental pollutants exposure. Arsenic is an environmental metalloid and can cause severe symptoms in human mainly through drinking water. However, there is no specific treatment for its toxic effects due to the uncovered mechanisms. We previously revealed that exposure to arsenic increased the level of m6A via down-regulation of FTO, which might serve as a potential target for intervention against arsenic-related disorders. In this study, our results demonstrated that chronic exposure to arsenic significantly disrupted the intestinal barrier and microenvironment. Also, this administration resulted in the enhancement of m6A modification and the reduction of FTO expression in the intestine. By using both CRISPR/Cas9-based FTO knock-in strategy and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated overexpression of FTO in the intestine, we established for the first time that up-regulation of FTO remarkably ameliorated arsenic-induced disruption of intestinal barriers and altered microenvironment of mice. We also firstly identified a dominant gut microbial species, Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis, which was sharply reduced in arsenic-exposed mice, was able to proceed arsenic-induced neurobehavioral impairments by declining the levels of its major metabolite hydrogen sulfide. Administration of Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis could significantly alleviate the neurotoxicity of arsenic. Intriguingly, the beneficial effects of FTO against arsenic neurotoxicity possibly occurred through a novel gut–brain communication via Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis and its produced hydrogen sulfide. Collectively, these findings will provide new ideas for understanding the mechanisms of arsenic-induced toxic effects from a gut–brain communication perspective, and will assist the development of explicit intervention strategy via regulation of a new potential target FTO for prevention and treatment against arsenic-related both intestinal and neurological disorders.
Author Correction: Propagative α-synuclein seeds as serum biomarkers for synucleinopathies
Authors: Ayami Okuzumi, Taku Hatano, Gen Matsumoto, Shuko Nojiri, Shin-ichi Ueno, Yoko Imamichi-Tatano, Haruka Kimura, Soichiro Kakuta, Akihide Kondo, Takeshi Fukuhara, Yuanzhe Li, Manabu Funayama, Shinji Saiki, Daisuke Taniguchi, Taiji Tsunemi, Deborah McIntyre, Jean-Jacques Gérardy, Michel Mittelbronn, Rejko Kruger, Yasuo Uchiyama, Nobuyuki Nukina, Nobutaka Hattori
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Antheraea pernyi silk nanofibrils with inherent RGD motifs accelerate diabetic wound healing: a novel drug-free strategy to promote hemostasis, regulate immunity and improve re-epithelization
Authors: Lian Duan, Ga Liu, Fuying Liao, Chunyu Xie, Jiahao Shi, Xiao Yang, Fan Zheng, Rui L Reis, Subhas C Kundu, Bo Xiao
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Ischemic Myocardium Targeting Peptide‐Guided Nanobubbles for Multimodal Imaging and Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Authors: Bo Yu, Ziwei Pang, Jing Zhao, Jingyi Xue, Hsuan Lo, Tiancheng Gu, Ping Zhang, Jiawei Tian, Guo‐Qing Du
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to clinical symptoms caused by structural and functional damage to coronary microcirculation. The timely and precise diagnosis of CMD‐related myocardial ischemia is essential for improving patient prognosis. This study describes a method for the multimodal (fluorescence, ultrasonic, and photoacoustic) noninvasive imaging and treatment of CMD based on ischemic myocardium‐targeting peptide (IMTP)‐guided nanobubbles functionalized with indocyanine green (IMTP/ICG NBs) and characterizes their basic characteristics and in vitro imaging and targeting abilities. The IMTP/ICG NBs enable the accurate location of myocardial ischemia via photoacoustic imaging, and when loaded with tannic acid (TA), can be used to effectively treat myocardial ischemia and fibrosis in CMD mice, achieving an effect superior to that of free TA. The origin of this high therapeutic efficiency is revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. This investigation lays the groundwork for visual monitoring and the drug‐targeted treatment of CMD.
Revealing microRNA regulation in single cells
Authors: Ranjan K Maji, Matthias S Leisegang, Reinier A Boon, Marcel H Schulz
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2025)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and control cellular functions in physiological and pathophysiological states. miRNAs play important roles in disease, stress, and development, and are now being investigated for therapeutic approaches. Alternative processing of miRNAs during biogenesis results in the generation of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) which further diversify miRNA gene regulation. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scsRNA-seq) technologies, together with computational strategies, enable exploration of miRNAs, isomiRs, and interacting RNAs at the cellular level. By integration with other miRNA-associated single-cell modalities, miRNA roles can be resolved at different stages of processing and regulation. In this review we discuss (i) single-cell experimental assays that measure miRNA and isomiR abundances, and (ii) computational methods for their analysis to investigate the mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis and post-transcriptional regulation.
Correction: Bortezomib-releasing silica-collagen xerogels for local treatment of osteolytic bone- and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma
Authors: Dirk Hose, Seemun Ray, Sina Rößler, Ulrich Thormann, Reinhard Schnettler, Kim de Veirman, Thaqif El Khassawna, Christian Heiss, Anne Hild, Daniel Zahner, Francisca Alagboso, Anja Henss, Susanne Beck, Martina Emde-Rajaratnam, Jürgen Burhenne, Juliane Bamberger, Eline Menu, Elke de Bruyne, Michael Gelinsky, Marian Kampschulte, Marcus Rohnke, Sabine Wenisch, Karin Vanderkerken, Thomas Hanke, Anja Seckinger, Volker Alt
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)
Interkingdom signaling between gastrointestinal hormones and the gut microbiome
Authors: Xinyu Zhao, Ye Qiu, Lanfan Liang, Xiangsheng Fu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

The interplay between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones plays a pivotal role in the health of the host and the development of diseases. As a vital component of the intestinal microecosystem, the gut microbiota influences the synthesis and release of many gastrointestinal hormones through mechanisms such as modulating the intestinal environment, producing metabolites, impacting mucosal barriers, generating immune and inflammatory responses, and releasing neurotransmitters. Conversely, gastrointestinal hormones exert feedback regulation on the gut microbiota by modulating the intestinal environment, nutrient absorption and utilization, and the bacterial biological behavior and composition. The distributions of the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones are anatomically intertwined, and close interactions between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones are crucial for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Interventions leveraging the interplay between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal hormones have been employed in the clinical management of metabolic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases, such as bariatric surgery and fecal microbiota transplantation, offering promising targets for the treatment of dysbiosis-related diseases.
Tracing human trait evolution through integrative genomics and temporal annotations
Authors: Jian Zeng
Journal: Cell Genomics (2025)

Understanding the evolution of human traits is a fundamental yet challenging question. In a recent Cell Genomics article, Kun et al.1 integrate large-scale genomic and phenotypic data, including deep-learning-derived imaging phenotypes, with temporal annotations to estimate the timing of evolutionary changes that led to differences in traits between modern humans and primates or hominin ancestors.
Detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in wastewater samples: a wake-up call, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, the United Kingdom, 2024
Authors: Sindy Böttcher, Julian Kreibich, Thomas Wilton, Vanessa Saliba, Soile Blomqvist, Haider Al-Hello, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Magdalena Wieczorek, Beata Gad, Arleta Krzysztoszek, Rosa M Pintó, María Cabrerizo, Albert Bosch, Eugene Saxentoff, Sabine Diedrich, Javier Martin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

In 2024, circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) was detected in wastewater samples in Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK). All strains were genetically linked, but sequence analysis showed high genetic diversity among the strains identified within individual wastewater sites and countries and an unexpected high genetic proximity among isolates from different countries. Taken together these results, with sequential samples having tested positive in various sites, a broader geographic distribution beyond positive sampling sites must be considered.
Outbreak of hantavirus disease caused by Puumala virus, Croatia, 2021
Authors: Mari Rončević Filipović, Zlatko Trobonjača, Đurđica Cekinović Grbeša, Marinko Filipović, Melita Kukuljan, Ena Mršić, Vanja Tešić, Stela Živčić-Ćosić
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

In 2021, a large outbreak of hantavirus disease (HAVID) in Croatia with 334 notified cases coincided with a COVID-19 wave and included patients from areas previously not considered endemic, challenging HAVID recognition and patient management. We analysed clinical and epidemiological data on all 254 patients with HAVID treated in the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka (CHC Rijeka) between February and November 2021. Most patients (n = 246; 96.9%) had antibodies against Puumala virus, 212 (83.5%) were residents of endemic areas for HAVID, 93 (36.6%) reported occupational exposure and 86 (33.9%) had observed rodents or rodent excreta. Thirty-seven (14.6%) patients were not notified to the public health authorities. Most patients (n = 177; 69.7%) were male. The median age of the patients was 43 years (range: 17–79 years) in males and 54 years (range: 14–77 years) in females. More severe courses of disease were observed in males aged &lt; 45 years than in older males and females of any age (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.21–4.24; p &lt; 0.005). Measures to prevent exposure, early detection and notification of cases and close collaboration between primary and secondary healthcare teams with public health personnel are essential to improve surveillance and prevent hantavirus outbreaks.
Challenges of the public health response to a rare case of non-autochthonous Mycobacterium leprae, Ireland, 2024
Authors: Rebecca Marshall, Eddie Horgan, Hugh Duane, Annette Dillon, Nadra Nurdin, Sarah O’Connell, Corinna Sadlier, Anne Dee, Anne Sheahan, Peter Barrett
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

This case report details the public health response to a multibacillary leprosy case in Ireland. The case presented with hypopigmented skin lesions and neurological symptoms. Challenges included delayed recognition in the clinical setting, contact tracing within a congregate setting and lack of specific Irish guidelines. Comprehensive contact tracing, chemoprophylaxis and follow-up care were implemented, guided by international protocols. This case underscores the need for tailored guidelines and stigma mitigation strategies for this neglected tropical disease in non-endemic regions.
Effect of urban structure, population density and proximity to contagion on COVID-19 infections during the SARS-CoV-2 Alpha and Omicron waves in Málaga, Spain, March 2020 to December 2021
Authors: Sebastián Alejandro Vargas Molina, Juan Francisco Sortino Barrionuevo, María Jesús Perles Roselló
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

Background The potential impact of urban structure, as population density and proximity to essential facilities, on spatial variability of infectious disease cases remains underexplored. Aim To analyse the spatial variation of COVID-19 case intensity in relation to population density and distance from urban facilities (as potential contagion hubs), by comparing Alpha and Omicron wave data representing periods of both enacted and lifted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in Málaga. Methods Using spatial point pattern analysis, we examined COVID-19 cases in relation to population density, distance from hospitals, health centres, schools, markets, shopping malls, sports centres and nursing homes by non-parametric estimation of relative intensity dependence on these covariates. For statistical significance and effect size, we performed Berman Z 1 tests and Areas Under Curves (AUC) for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. Results After accounting for population density, relative intensity of COVID-19 remained consistent in relation to distance from urban facilities across waves. Although non-parametric estimations of the relative intensity of cases showed fluctuations with distance from facilities, Berman’s Z1 tests were significant for health centres only (p &lt; 0.032) when compared with complete spatial randomness. The AUC of ROC curves for population density was above 0.75 and ca 0.6 for all urban facilities. Conclusion Results reflect the difficulty in assessing facilities’ effect in propagating infectious disease, particularly in compact cities. Lack of evidence directly linking higher case intensity to proximity to urban facilities shows the need to clarify the role of urban structure and planning in shaping the spatial distribution of epidemics within cities.
Human subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte atlases uncover classical and nonclassical adipocytes and depot-specific patterns
Authors: Or Lazarescu, Maya Ziv-Agam, Yulia Haim, Idan Hekselman, Juman Jubran, Ariel Shneyour, Habib Muallem, Alon Zemer, Marina Rosengarten-Levin, Daniel Kitsberg, Liron Levin, Idit F. Liberty, Uri Yoel, Oleg Dukhno, Miriam Adam, Julia Braune, Claudia Müller, Nora Raulien, Martin Gericke, Antje Körner, Rinki Murphy, Matthias Blüher, Naomi Habib, Assaf Rudich, Esti Yeger-Lotem
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)

Human adipose depots are functionally distinct. Yet, recent single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analyses largely uncovered overlapping or similar cell-type landscapes. We hypothesized that adipocyte subtypes, differentiation trajectories and/or intercellular communication patterns could illuminate this depot similarity–difference gap. For this, we performed snRNA-seq of human subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues (five or ten samples, respectively). Of 27,665 adipocyte nuclei in both depots, most were 'classical', namely enriched in lipid metabolism pathways. However, we also observed 'nonclassical' adipocyte subtypes, enriched in immune-related, extracellular matrix deposition (fibrosis), vascularization or angiogenesis or ribosomal and mitochondrial processes. Pseudo-temporal analysis showed a developmental trajectory from adipose progenitor cells to classical adipocytes via nonclassical adipocytes, suggesting that the classical state stems from loss, rather than gain, of specialized functions. Last, intercellular communication routes were consistent with the different inflammatory tone of the two depots. Jointly, these findings provide a high-resolution view into the contribution of cellular composition, differentiation and intercellular communication patterns to human fat depot differences. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues is used to identify adipocyte subpopulations and explore their developmental trajectories and interactions.
Integrative proteogenomic analysis identifies COL6A3-derived endotrophin as a mediator of the effect of obesity on coronary artery disease
Authors: Satoshi Yoshiji, Tianyuan Lu, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Julia Carrasco-Zanini-Sanchez, Chen-Yang Su, Yiheng Chen, Kevin Liang, Julian Daniel Sunday Willett, Shidong Wang, Darin Adra, Yann Ilboudo, Takayoshi Sasako, Satoshi Koyama, Tetsushi Nakao, Vincenzo Forgetta, Yossi Farjoun, Hugo Zeberg, Sirui Zhou, Michael Marks-Hultström, Mitchell J. Machiela, Rama Kaalia, Hesam Dashti, Melina Claussnitzer, Jason Flannick, Nicholas J. Wareham, Vincent Mooser, Nicholas J. Timpson, Claudia Langenberg, J. Brent Richards
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)

Abstract Obesity strongly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, yet the underlying mediators of this relationship are not fully understood. Given that obesity strongly influences circulating protein levels, we investigated proteins mediating the effects of obesity on coronary artery disease, stroke and type 2 diabetes. By integrating two-step proteome-wide Mendelian randomization, colocalization, epigenomics and single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified five mediators and prioritized collagen type VI α3 (COL6A3). COL6A3 levels were strongly increased by body mass index and increased coronary artery disease risk. Notably, the carboxyl terminus product of COL6A3, endotrophin, drove this effect. COL6A3 was highly expressed in disease-relevant cell types and tissues. Finally, we found that body fat reduction could reduce plasma levels of COL6A3-derived endotrophin, indicating a tractable way to modify endotrophin levels. In summary, we provide actionable insights into how circulating proteins mediate the effects of obesity on cardiometabolic diseases and prioritize endotrophin as a potential therapeutic target.
Digoxin for reduction of circulating tumor cell cluster size in metastatic breast cancer: a proof-of-concept trial
Authors: Christian Kurzeder, Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli, Ilona Krol, Alexander Ring, Francesc Castro-Giner, Manuel Nüesch, Simran Asawa, Yu Wei Zhang, Selina Budinjas, Ana Gvozdenovic, Maren Vogel, Angela Kohler, Cvetka Grašič Kuhar, Fabienne D. Schwab, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Walter Paul Weber, Christoph Rochlitz, Denise Vorburger, Heike Frauchiger-Heuer, Isabell Witzel, Andreas Wicki, Gabriela M. Kuster, Marcus Vetter, Nicola Aceto
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)

Abstract The presence of circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters is associated with disease progression and reduced survival in a variety of cancer types. In breast cancer, preclinical studies showed that inhibitors of the Na + /K + ATPase suppress CTC clusters and block metastasis. Here we conducted a prospective, open-label, proof-of-concept study in women with metastatic breast cancer, where the primary objective was to determine whether treatment with the Na + /K + ATPase inhibitor digoxin could reduce mean CTC cluster size. An analysis of nine patients treated daily with a maintenance digoxin dose (0.7–1.4 ng ml −1 serum level) revealed a mean cluster size reduction of −2.2 cells per cluster upon treatment ( P = 0.003), meeting the primary endpoint of the study. Mechanistically, transcriptome profiling of CTCs highlighted downregulation of cell–cell adhesion and cell-cycle-related genes upon treatment with digoxin, in line with its cluster-dissolution activity. No treatment-related adverse events occurred. Thus, our data provide a first-in-human proof of principle that digoxin treatment leads to a partial CTC cluster dissolution, encouraging larger follow-up studies with refined Na + /K + ATPase inhibitors and that include clinical outcome endpoints. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03928210 .
Elevated uric acid levels, mortality and cognitive impairment in children with severe malaria
Authors: Caitlin Bond, Olivia J. Bednarski, Dibyadyuti Datta, Ruth Namazzi, Robert O. Opoka, Giselle Lima-Cooper, Anthony Batte, Keerthi Udumula, Deepali Balasubramani, Marilyn Vasquez, Ana Rodriguez, Claire Liepmann, Paul Bangirana, Marco Abreu, Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An, Yi Zhao, Tarek M. El-Achkar, Nathan W. Schmidt, Chandy C. John, Andrea L. Conroy
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)