tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Running is acceptable and efficacious in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain: the ASTEROID randomised controlled trial
Authors: Christopher Neason, Claire L Samanna, Scott D Tagliaferri, Daniel L Belavý, Steve J Bowe, Matthew J Clarkson, Emma A Craige, Romina Gollan, Luana C Main, Clint T Miller, Ulrike H Mitchell, Niamh L Mundell, David Scott, Jamie L Tait, Grace E Vincent, Patrick J Owen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives Running is one of the most accessible forms of exercise, yet its suitability for adults with chronic low back pain (LBP) is unknown. This study assessed the efficacy and acceptability of running in adults with chronic LBP. Methods This two-arm parallel (1:1) individually randomised controlled trial allocated 40 participants (mean (SD) age: 33 (6) years, female: 50%) with non-specific chronic LBP to a 12-week intervention or waitlist control. The intervention was a progressive run–walk interval programme comprising three 30-min sessions per week that were digitally delivered and remotely supported by an exercise physiologist. Efficacy outcomes were self-reported pain intensity (100-point visual analogue scale) and disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Acceptability outcomes were attrition, adherence and adverse events. Results At 12-week follow-up, the intervention improved average pain intensity (mean net difference (95% CI): −15.30 (–25.33, –5.27) points, p=0.003), current pain intensity (−19.35 (–32.01, –6.69) points, p=0.003) and disability (−5.20 (–10.12, –0.24) points, P=0.038), compared with control. There was no attrition, and mean (SD) training adherence was 70% (20%; ie, 2.1 of 3 sessions per week). Nine non-serious adverse events deemed likely study-related were reported (lower limb injury/pain: n=7, syncope associated with an underlying condition: n=1, LBP: n=1). Conclusions A run–walk programme was considered an acceptable intervention by the participants to improve the pain intensity and disability in individuals aged 18–45 years with non-specific chronic LBP when compared with the control. An individualised and conservative run–walk programme should be considered a suitable form of physical activity for adults with chronic LBP. Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12622001276741. Registered on 29 September 2022.
Air pollution and respiratory health in patients with COPD: should we focus on indoor or outdoor sources?
Authors: Dimitris Evangelopoulos, Hanbin Zhang, Lia Chatzidiakou, Heather Walton, Klea Katsouyanni, Roderic L Jones, Jennifer K Quint, Benjamin Barratt
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Introduction While associations between ambient air pollution and respiratory health in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are well studied, little is known about individuals’ personal exposure to pollution and associated health effects by source. Aim To separate measured total personal exposure into indoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution and use these improved metrics in health models for establishing more reliable associations with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms. Methods We enrolled a panel of 76 patients with COPD and continuously measured their personal exposure to particles and gaseous pollutants and location with portable monitors for 134 days on average. We collected daily health information related to respiratory symptoms through diary cards and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Mixed-effects models were applied to quantify the relationship between total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated personal exposures to pollutants with exacerbation and symptoms occurrence and PEF. Results Exposure to nitrogen dioxide from both indoor and outdoor sources was associated with exacerbations and respiratory symptoms. We observed an increase of 33% (22%–45%), 19% (12%–18%) and 12% (5%–20%) in the odds of exacerbation for an IQR increase in total, indoor-generated and outdoor-generated exposures. For carbon monoxide, health effects were mainly attributed to indoor-generated pollution. While no associations were observed for particulate matter 2.5 with COPD exacerbations, indoor-generated particles were associated with a significant decrease in PEF. Conclusions Indoor-generated and outdoor-generated pollution can deteriorate COPD patients’ health. Policy-makers, physicians and patients with COPD should note the importance of decreasing exposure equally to both source types to decrease risk of exacerbation.
Impact of postpartum physical activity on cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury and infant growth and development: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paris A T Jones, Amy Moolyk, Stephanie-May Ruchat, Muhammad Usman Ali, Karen Fleming, Sarah Meyer, Talia Noel Sjwed, Jenna B Wowdzia, Lauren Maier, Michelle Mottola, Allison Sivak, Margie H Davenport
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective To examine the relationship between postpartum physical activity and maternal postnatal cardiometabolic health, breastfeeding, injury, and infant growth and development. Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Eight online databases were searched up until 12 January 2024. Eligibility criteria Studies of all designs in all languages were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if they contained information on the population (postpartum people), intervention (frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+co-intervention’), comparator (no or low volumes of physical activity), and outcomes: hypertension, diabetes, cardiometabolic risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and triglycerides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), glucose and insulin concentration), breastfeeding (breast milk quality and volume), infant growth (length and weight) and development, or postpartum injury. Results 46 unique studies (n=8766 participants) from 20 countries were included. Moderate certainty of evidence showed exercise+co-interventions reduced the odds of developing diabetes by 28% (7 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), n=2496; OR 0.72 95% CI 0.54, 0.98, I 2 12%), reduced SBP (10 RCTs, n=2753; mean difference (MD) −2.15 95% CI −3.89 to –0.40, I 2 73%) and DBP (9 RCTs, n=2575; MD −1.38 95% CI −2.60 to –0.15, I 2 66%) compared with controls. Infant growth and development, breast milk quality and quantity, and risk of injury were not different between exercise and control groups. Conclusions Physical activity improves cardiometabolic health without adversely impacting breast milk supply or quality, infant growth or maternal injury.
Author Correction: MDMA-assisted therapy for moderate to severe PTSD: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Authors: Jennifer M. Mitchell, Marcela Ot’alora G, Bessel van der Kolk, Scott Shannon, Michael Bogenschutz, Yevgeniy Gelfand, Casey Paleos, Christopher R. Nicholas, Sylvestre Quevedo, Brooke Balliett, Scott Hamilton, Michael Mithoefer, Sarah Kleiman, Kelly Parker-Guilbert, Keren Tzarfaty, Charlotte Harrison, Alberdina de Boer, Rick Doblin, Berra Yazar-Klosinski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Noisy knees - knee crepitus prevalence and association with structural pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jamon L Couch, Matthew G King, Danilo De Oliveira Silva, Jackie L Whittaker, Andrea M Bruder, Fernanda Serighelli, Sean Kaplan, Adam G Culvenor
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective Knee crepitus, the audible crackling or grinding noise during knee movement, can be experienced across the lifespan and create concern for underlying pathology. Our systematic review aims to provide a summary estimate of knee crepitus prevalence and its association with structural pathology among the general population and across knee conditions. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Eligibility criteria Studies evaluating knee crepitus prevalence. Results 103 studies involving 36 439 participants (42 816 knees) were included. Based on very low certainty evidence, the pooled prevalence of knee crepitus in the general population was 41% (7609 knees; 95% CI 36% to 45%; I 2 =92.6%); in pain-free persons 36% (852 knees; 95% CI 23% to 50%; I 2 =91.9%), and in those with osteoarthritis (OA) 81% (18 821 knees; 95% CI 75% to 87%; I 2 =97.9%). Across other musculoskeletal knee conditions, the pooled prevalence of knee crepitus ranged from 35% (ligament injury; 2740 knees; 95% CI 27% to 44%; I 2 =95.6%) to 61% (cartilage pathology; 1445 knees; 95% CI 40% to 81%; I 2 =98.2%). There was low to very low certainty evidence of an association between knee crepitus and radiographic OA (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.99 to 7.24; 1725 knees; I 2 =53.0%) and several OA-related features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conclusion In this review, knee crepitus was prevalent in the general population, pain-free persons, those with knee OA and other musculoskeletal knee conditions. Knee crepitus was associated with a more than threefold increased odds of radiographic OA diagnosis and several OA-related MRI features. The low to very low certainty of evidence informing our aggregated prevalence estimates and association outcomes suggest that results should be interpreted with caution.
Effect of nostril occlusion and mouth sealing in the measurement of sniff nasal inspiratory pressure
Authors: Neeraj M Shah, Anne Rossel, Bawan Abdulaziz, Shauna Sheridan, Sophie Madden-Scott, Gillian Radcliffe, Rebecca D’Cruz, Eui-Sik Suh, Joerg Steier, Nicholas Hart, Patrick Brian Murphy, Michelle Ramsay, Georgios Kaltsakas
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Sniff nasal inspiratory pressure (SNIP) is used to assess respiratory muscle strength in neuromuscular diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The effect of contralateral nostril occlusion and mouth sealing on SNIP measurement are unclear. 81 participants were included (16 healthy, 39 patients with limb-onset ALS and 26 patients with bulbar-onset ALS). SNIP was obtained with combinations of mouth open/sealed and contralateral nostril open/occluded. Occluding the contralateral nostril (with mouth closed) increased SNIP by 12 cmH 2 O (95% CI 4, 20; p=0.003) in the healthy participants, by 9 cmH 2 O (95% CI 5, 12; p&lt;0.001) in the limb-onset cohort and by 10 cmH 2 O (95% CI 5, 14; p&lt;0.001) in the bulbar-onset cohort. Opening the mouth decreased SNIP by 19 cmH 2 O (95% CI 5, 34; p&lt;0.009) in healthy participants, by 8 cmH 2 O (95% CI 4, 13; p&lt;0.001) in the limb-onset cohort and by 13 cmH 2 O (95% CI 7, 19; p&lt;0.001) in the bulbar-onset cohort. With contralateral nostril occlusion, 11% fewer individuals would have qualified for non-invasive ventilation. In conclusion, contralateral nostril occlusion increased SNIP compared with standard technique, likely reflecting true strength. Opening the mouth reduced SNIP, emphasising the need for good mouth sealing. Documenting SNIP technique is important for longitudinal assessments and clinical decision-making.
Role of ZBP1 Sensing Mitochondrial Z-DNA and triggering Necroptosis in Oxalate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Caiming Chen, Jingzhi Xie, Zhimin Chen, Keng Ye, Chengkun Wu, Xingchen Dai, Ying Yuan, Yujiao Lin, Yujia Wang, Hong Chen, Jianfeng Wu, Huabin Ma, Yanfang Xu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Gene deletions of Zbp1 , Ripk3 , and Mlkl reduced severity of oxalate-induced AKI. Mice with mutation or deletion in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain (Z α ) of Z-DNA binding protein 1 were protected from AKI. Z-DNA binding protein 1 sensed mitochondrial Z-DNA through its Z α domain, recruited receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 through receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif, and activated mixed lineage kinase domain-like to induce necroptosis. Background Calcium oxalate–induced acute kidney injury is a severe condition in which the kidneys suffer rapid damage due to the deposition of oxalate crystals. Known factors contributing to cell death induced by calcium oxalate include receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein–dependent necroptosis, as well as necrosis involving peptidylprolyl isomerase F–mediated mitochondrial permeability transition. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction to RIPK3 activation are not fully understood. Methods Mice with gene knockout of Zbp1 , Ripk3 , or Mlkl and mice with mutations in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) or deletion of Z α 1 were used in an oxalate-induced AKI model. Proximal renal tubule cells were isolated and cultured for further investigation. Human oxalate nephropathy biopsy samples were analyzed. Results Specific gene deletions of Zbp1 , Ripk3 , or Mlkl in proximal renal tubules significantly reduced the severity of oxalate-induced AKI by preventing necroptosis and subsequent inflammation. Notably, mice with mutations in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain of ZBP1 or deletion of Zα1 were protected from AKI. In cultured proximal tubular cells, calcium oxalate damaged mitochondria, accompanied by an increase in Bax and a decrease in BCL2 and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), leading to the release of mitochondrial Z-DNA. ZBP1 sensed this mitochondrial Z-DNA and then recruited RIPK3 through the receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motifs, which in turn activated MLKL through RIPK3 phosphorylation, leading to necroptosis and contributing to AKI. Conclusions ZBP1 plays a critical role in sensing mitochondrial Z-DNA and initiating RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, contributing to the development of oxalate-induced AKI.
Implausibility of radical life extension in humans in the twenty-first century
Authors: S. Jay Olshansky, Bradley J. Willcox, Lloyd Demetrius, Hiram Beltrán-Sánchez
Journal: Nature Aging (2024)

Over the course of the twentieth century, human life expectancy at birth rose in high-income nations by approximately 30 years, largely driven by advances in public health and medicine. Mortality reduction was observed initially at an early age and continued into middle and older ages. However, it was unclear whether this phenomenon and the resulting accelerated rise in life expectancy would continue into the twenty-first century. Here using demographic survivorship metrics from national vital statistics in the eight countries with the longest-lived populations (Australia, France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland) and in Hong Kong and the United States from 1990 to 2019, we explored recent trends in death rates and life expectancy. We found that, since 1990, improvements overall in life expectancy have decelerated. Our analysis also revealed that resistance to improvements in life expectancy increased while lifespan inequality declined and mortality compression occurred. Our analysis suggests that survival to age 100 years is unlikely to exceed 15% for females and 5% for males, altogether suggesting that, unless the processes of biological aging can be markedly slowed, radical human life extension is implausible in this century. In the twentieth century, human life expectancy rose dramatically. Based on the past three decades of observed mortality in the eight countries with the longest-lived populations and in Hong Kong and the United States, Olshansky et al. propose that, without medical breakthroughs that slow aging, radical lifespan extension is implausible in this century.
Enhancing Conceptual Clarity regarding the Construct of Moral Injury
Authors: Sheila Frankfurt O'Brien, Isabelle Baptista, Philip R Szeszko
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2024)

Background: The construct of “moral injury” is used widely in the research literature and media to broadly describe the impact of events involving perceived violations of one’s sense of right and wrong (herein referred to as “potentially morally injurious events” [PMIEs]). Summary: In this theoretical review, we provided a brief overview of the “moral injury” construct and its limitations including the lack of consensus-drawn boundaries and operational definitions to guide hypothesis-driven research. We discussed whether this construct can be reliably distinguished from established psychiatric diagnoses and psychological constructs and the inherent challenges in separating or classifying the impact of high-magnitude stressful life events that likely form the majority of PMIEs. Assessments that purportedly measure “moral injury” are reviewed and limitations are discussed such as shared measurement variance with established psychological instruments. Key Messages: We identified conceptual strategies for investigating behavioral and neurobiological features of PMIEs that could be used to inform the field of traumatic stress. We concluded that the construct of “moral injury” may provide an interpretive framework for positing why someone may be beset by guilt, shame, and/or rage whereas existing psychiatric diagnoses such as post-traumatic stress disorder and depression provide comprehensive descriptions regarding what someone might experience following extremely stressful events. We proposed directions to better clarify the boundaries of “moral injury” versus established psychiatric categories that could be used to enhance the conceptualization and assessment of this construct.
Establishment and characterization of a rat model of scalp-cranial composite defect for multilayered tissue engineering
Authors: Yi Zhu, Ou Mei, Hui Zhang, Wulin You, Jiamin Zhong, Caralyn P. Collins, Guowei Shen, Changqi Luo, Xingye Wu, Jingjing Li, Yi Shu, Ya Wen, Hue H. Luu, Lewis L. Shi, Jiaming Fan, Tong-Chuan He, Guillermo A. Ameer, Cheng Sun, Liangyuan Wen, Russell R. Reid
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Zhu, Yi; Mei, Ou; Zhang, Hui; You, Wulin; Zhong, Jiamin; Collins, Caralyn P.; Shen, Guowei; Luo, Changqi; Wu, Xingye; Li, Jingjing; Shu, Yi; Wen, Ya; Luu, Hue H.; Shi, Lewis L.; Fan, Jiaming; He, Tong-Chuan; Ameer, Guillermo A.; Sun, Cheng; Wen, Liangyuan; Reid, Russell R. Author Information
Sutureless FOCUS harmonic scalpel versus clamp-and-tie techniques for thyroidectomy: A meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Roberto Cirocchi, Matteo Matteucci, Eleonora Lori, Vito D’Andrea, Alberto Arezzo, Daniele Pironi, Stefano Avenia, Justus Randolph, Ileana Tiraboschi, Giovanni Domenico Tebala, Georgi I. Popivanov, Salvatore Sorrenti
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

One of the most important surgical steps during thyroidectomy is the safe ligation of vessels. In fact, it is crucial to avoid postoperative bleeding and nerves' injury. The "clamp and tie" technique was first introduced in the 19th century. Since then, a lot of other techniques have been adopted to facilitate the safe ligation and sectioning of thyroidal vessels; however, one of the most relevant advances is the introduction of energy-based devices (EBDs), which occurred three decades ago.
Heeding a Student Call for Gun Violence Education in Medical Schools
Authors: Chana A. Sacks
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

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Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Early Adolescents
Authors: Jason M. Nagata, Jennifer H. Wong, Christiane K. Helmer, Sydnie K. Domingue, Joan E. Shim, Abubakr Al-Shoaibi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence of sexual orientation discrimination and its sociodemographic correlates among a large, diverse sample of early adolescents in the US.
Arm Position and Blood Pressure Readings
Authors: Hairong Liu, Di Zhao, Ahmed Sabit, Chathurangi H. Pathiravasan, Junichi Ishigami, Jeanne Charleston, Edgar R. Miller, Kunihiro Matsushita, Lawrence J. Appel, Tammy M. Brady
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Guidelines for blood pressure (BP) measurement recommend arm support on a desk with the midcuff positioned at heart level. Still, nonstandard positions are used in clinical practice (eg, with arm resting on the lap or unsupported on the side).
Error in Byline and End Matter
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Anita J. Campbell, MBBS, PhD; Keerthi Anpalagan, BBiomedSc(Hons); Emma J. Best, MMed; Philip N. Britton, PhD; Amanda Gwee, PhD; James Hatcher, MBChB; Brett J. Manley, PhD; Julie Marsh, PhD; Rachel H. Webb, PhD; Joshua S. Davis, PhD; Robert K. Mahar, PhD; Anna McGlothlin, PhD; Brendan McMullan, PhD; Michael Meyer, MD; Jocelyn Mora, MSc; Srinivas Murthy, MD, MHSc; Clare Nourse, MD; Jesse Papenburg, MD, MSc; Kevin L. Schwartz, MD; Oded Scheuerman, MD; Thomas Snelling, PhD; Tobias Strunk, PhD; Michael Stark, PhD; Lesley Voss, MBChB; Steven Y. C. Tong, PhD; Asha C. Bowen, PhD; Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform Paediatric and Youth (SNAP-PY) working groupSNAP Global Trial Steering Committee; Zoe McQuilten; Steve Webb; David Paterson; George Heriot; Jason Roberts; Matthew Scarborough; David Lye; Genevieve Walls; Susan Morpeth; Tom Boyles; Marc Bonten; Marjolein P.M Hensgens; Nick Daneman; Dafna Yahav; Anna L Goodman; Matthew Cheng; Catherine Cosgrove; Lynda Whiteway; Sebastian Van Hal; Todd C. Lee; Roger J Lewis; Owen Robinson; Erica Hardy; Isabelle Malhamé