tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Digestive neo-epithelialization after endoscopic stenting for upper digestive tract complete disunion
Authors: Sohaib Ouazzani, Arnaud Lemmers, Jean-Michel Gonzalez, Jean Closset, Imad El Moussaoui, Jacques Devière, Marc Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Abstract Background Complete digestive disunion due to anastomotic necrosis is considered a contraindication to endoscopic repair. However, recent publications have suggested that endoscopic treatment by insertion of a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is possible. The report of this patient series aims to demonstrate the use of endoscopic management in selected cases with complete digestive disunion. Methods Seven consecutive patients with complete and circumferential upper gastrointestinal anastomotic disunion were treated at two European tertiary care centers between 2009 and 2021 by endoscopic insertion of an SEMS. Treatment was performed with a therapeutic gastroscope under general anesthesia, carbon dioxide insufflation, and fluoroscopic guidance, after surgical or percutaneous drainage. Results All patients were successfully treated by endoscopic insertion of fully or partially covered SEMS left in place for a median of 8 weeks, with a median of 3 endoscopic sessions. Digestive neo-epithelialization was associated with a restored circumferential gut lumen in all cases. The rate of stent migration was 23% and three patients (43%) experienced symptomatic strictures, which were successfully treated by endoscopic dilation. Conclusion Complete digestive rupture could be successfully treated by endoscopy in selected cases, adding proof-of-concept data regarding guided tissue regeneration alongside SEMS placement.
Inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway corrects salivary gland inflammation and interferon driven immune activation in Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Sarthak Gupta, Eiko Yamada, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Paola Perez, Thomas JF Pranzatelli, Kalie Dominick, Shyh-Ing Jang, Mehdi Abed, Daniel Martin, Peter Burbelo, ChangYu Zheng, Ben French, Ilias Alevizos, Zohreh Khavandgar, Margaret Beach, Eileen Pelayo, Brian Walitt, Sarfaraz Hasni, Mariana J Kaplan, Mayank Tandon, Maria Teresa Magone, David E Kleiner, John A Chiorini, Alan Baer, Blake M Warner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Inflammatory cytokines that signal through the Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, especially interferons (IFNs), are implicated in Sjögren's disease (SjD). Although inhibition of JAKs is effective in other autoimmune diseases, a systematic investigation of IFN-JAK-STAT signalling and the effect of JAK inhibitor (JAKi) therapy in SjD-affected human tissues has not been fully investigated.
Automated melanoma detection. An algorithm inspired from human intelligence characterizing disordered pattern of melanocytic lesions improving a convolutional neural network
Authors: Jilliana Monnier, Arthur Cartel Foahom Gouabou, Meryem Serdi, Jules Collenne, Rabah Iguernaissi, Marie-Aleth Richard, Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste, Jean-Luc Damoiseaux, Jean-Jacques Grob, Djamal Merad
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Trends in antibiotic prescriptions for hidradenitis suppurativa from 2015 to 2021
Authors: Mikael Horissian, Christen Samaan, Austin Cohrs, Joslyn Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Antibiotic use in hidradenitis suppurativa is decreasing, while the use of adalimumab, glucagon-like peptide agonists and spironolactone increased between 2015 and 2021.
A prospective multicentre evaluation of BioFire® Joint Infection Panel for the rapid microbiological documentation of acute arthritis
Authors: Tiphaine Gaillard, Céline Dupieux-Chabert, Anne-Laure Roux, Eve Tessier, Adeline Boutet-Dubois, Camille Courboulès, Stéphane Corvec, Pascale Bémer, Jean-Philippe Lavigne, Faten El Sayed, Hélène Marchandin, Clément Munier, Emmanuel Chanard, Vincent Gazzano, Caroline Loiez, Frédéric Laurent
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
MRI Surveillance and Breast Cancer Mortality in Women With <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Sequence Variations
Authors: Jan Lubinski, Joanne Kotsopoulos, Pal Moller, Tuya Pal, Andrea Eisen, Larissa Peck, Beth Y. Karlan, Amber Aeilts, Charis Eng, Louise Bordeleau, William D. Foulkes, Nadine Tung, Fergus J. Couch, Robert Fruscio, Teresa Ramon y Cajal, Christian F. Singer, Susan L. Neuhausen, Dana Zakalik, Cezary Cybulski, Jacek Gronwald, Tomasz Huzarski, Klaudia Stempa, Jeffrey Dungan, Carey Cullinane, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Kelly Metcalfe, Ping Sun, Steven A. Narod, Kevin Sweet, Leigha Senter, Howard Saal, Lea Velsher, Susan Armel, Jeanna McCuaig, Seema Panchal, Aletta Poll, Edmond Lemire, Kim Serfas, Robert Reilly, Josephine Costalas, Stephanie Cohen, Joanne Blum
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance is offered to women with a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene who face a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. Surveillance with MRI is effective in downstaging breast cancers, but the association of MRI surveillance with mortality risk has not been well defined.
Successful cholangioscopy-guided biopsy using a novel thin cholangioscope under balloon enteroscopy in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy
Authors: Yuki Tanisaka, Masafumi Mizuide, Akashi Fujita, Takahiro Shin, Kei Sugimoto, Ryuhei Jinushi, Shomei Ryozawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) is beneficial not only for direct visualization of intraductal bile duct lesions but also for biopsy under direct cholangioscopic view [1] [2]. However, the concept of POCS and cholangioscopy-guided biopsy by means of balloon enteroscopy is problematic. This is because cholangioscopes are approximately 10 Fr in diameter and cannot pass through the forceps channel of the balloon enteroscope. We report a successful cholangioscopy-guided biopsy using a novel thin cholangioscope with balloon enteroscopy in a patient with Roux-en-Y gastrectomy.S
Left atrial to coronary sinus shunting for treatment of heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: The <scp>ALT FLOW</scp> Early Feasibility Study 1‐year results
Authors: Marcus A. Urey, Benjamin Hibbert, Ulrich Jorde, Peter Eckman, Trevor Simard, Marino Labinaz, Babak Nazer, Mark Wiley, Bhanu Gupta, Andrew Sauer, Hirak Shah, Paul Sorajja, Andres M. Pineda, Emil Missov, Ehtisham Mahmud, Rami Kahwash, Scott Lilly, Azeem Latib, Sandhya Murthy, Neil Fam, Santiago Garcia, Eugene S. Chung, Liviu Klein, Richard Cheng, Brian A. Houston, Nicholas S. Amoroso, Lee Chang, Sameer Gafoor, Sunit‐Preet Chaudhry, James Hermiller, Jonathan G. Schwartz, Lillian Aldaia, Konstantinos Koulogiannis, William A. Gray, Firas Zahr
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)
A qualitative study of psychological morbidity in paediatric survivors of Stevens﻿–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Chris Phillips, Emily Russell, Abigail McNiven, Tess McPherson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

This qualitative research sought to explore the psychological sequelae in children and young people following an episode of Stevens–Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Themes identified included significant psychological morbidity affecting both children and parents, combined with inadequate provision of follow-up care.
Terrestrial Birth and Body Size Tune UCP1 Functionality in Seals
Authors: Michael J Gaudry, Jane Khudyakov, Laura Pirard, Cathy Debier, Daniel Crocker, Paul G Crichton, Martin Jastroch
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract The molecular evolution of the mammalian heater protein UCP1 is a powerful biomarker to understand thermoregulatory strategies during species radiation into extreme climates, such as aquatic life with high thermal conductivity. While fully aquatic mammals lost UCP1, most semiaquatic seals display intact UCP1 genes, apart from large elephant seals. Here, we show that UCP1 thermogenic activity of the small-bodied harbor seal is equally potent compared to terrestrial orthologs, emphasizing its importance for neonatal survival on land. In contrast, elephant seal UCP1 does not display thermogenic activity, not even when translating a repaired or a recently highlighted truncated version. Thus, the thermogenic benefits for neonatal survival during terrestrial birth in semiaquatic pinnipeds maintained evolutionary selection pressure on UCP1 function and were only outweighed by extreme body sizes among elephant seals, fully eliminating UCP1-dependent thermogenesis.
Phased Assembly of Neo-Sex Chromosomes Reveals Extensive Y Degeneration and Rapid Genome Evolution in <i>Rumex hastatulus</i>
Authors: Bianca Sacchi, Zoë Humphries, Jana Kružlicová, Markéta Bodláková, Cassandre Pyne, Baharul I Choudhury, Yunchen Gong, Václav Bačovský, Roman Hobza, Spencer C H Barrett, Stephen I Wright
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Y chromosomes are thought to undergo progressive degeneration due to stepwise loss of recombination and subsequent reduction in selection efficiency. However, the timescales and evolutionary forces driving degeneration remain unclear. To investigate the evolution of sex chromosomes on multiple timescales, we generated a high-quality phased genome assembly of the massive older (&amp;lt;10 MYA) and neo (&amp;lt;200,000 yr) sex chromosomes in the XYY cytotype of the dioecious plant Rumex hastatulus and a hermaphroditic outgroup Rumex salicifolius. Our assemblies, supported by fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that the neo-sex chromosomes were formed by two key events: an X-autosome fusion and a reciprocal translocation between the homologous autosome and the Y chromosome. The enormous sex-linked regions of the X (296 Mb) and two Y chromosomes (503 Mb) both evolved from large repeat-rich genomic regions with low recombination; however, the complete loss of recombination on the Y still led to over 30% gene loss and major rearrangements. In the older sex-linked region, there has been a significant increase in transposable element abundance, even into and near genes. In the neo-sex-linked regions, we observed evidence of extensive rearrangements without gene degeneration and loss. Overall, we inferred significant degeneration during the first 10 million years of Y chromosome evolution but not on very short timescales. Our results indicate that even when sex chromosomes emerge from repetitive regions of already-low recombination, the complete loss of recombination on the Y chromosome still leads to a substantial increase in repetitive element content and gene degeneration.
Chronic SIV-Induced neuroinflammation disrupts CCR7+ CD4+ T cell immunosurveillance in the rhesus macaque brain
Authors: Sonny R Elizaldi, Chase E Hawes, Anil Verma, Yashavanth Shaan Lakshmanappa, Ashok R Dinasarapu, Brent T Schlegel, Dhivyaa Rajasundaram, Jie Li, Blythe P Durbin-Johnson, Zhong-Min Ma, Pabitra B Pal, Danielle Beckman, Sean Ott, Reben Raeman, Jeffrey Lifson, John H Morrison, Smita S Iyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

CD4+ T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-Seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4+ T cells resembling lymph node central memory (TCM) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of TCM. Brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells exhibited recall proliferation and interleukin-2 production ex vivo, showcasing their functional competence. We identified the skull bone marrow as a local niche for these cells alongside CNS border tissues. Sequestering TCM cells in lymph nodes using FTY720 led to reduced CCR7+ CD4+ T cell frequencies in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by increased monocyte levels and soluble markers indicating immune activation. In macaques chronically infected with SIVCL757 and experiencing viral rebound due to cessation of antiretroviral therapy, a decrease in brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells was observed, along with increased microglial activation and initiation of neurodegenerative pathways. Our findings highlight a role for CCR7+ CD4+ T cells in CNS immune surveillance, and their decline during chronic SIV highlights their responsiveness to neuroinflammation.
Hepatic Klf10-Fh1 axis promotes exercise-mediated amelioration of NASH in mice
Authors: Hong-Yang Luo, Wang-Jing Mu, Min Chen, Jie-Ying Zhu, Yang Li, Shan Li, Lin-Jing Yan, Ruo-Ying Li, Meng-Ting Yin, Xin Li, Hu-Min Chen, Liang Guo
Journal: Metabolism (2024)
BTN1A1 is a novel immune checkpoint mutually exclusive to PD-L1
Authors: Young-Seung Kim, Seung-Hoon Lee, Andrew H Park, Chunai Wu, Bong-Ki Hong, Hyunjin Jung, Steven H Lin, Stephen S Yoo
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background While Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade is a potent antitumor treatment strategy, it is effective in only limited subsets of patients with cancer, emphasizing the need for the identification of additional immune checkpoints. Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) has been reported to exhibit potential immunoregulatory activity, but its ability to function as an immune checkpoint remains to be systematically assessed, and the mechanisms underlying such activity have yet to be characterized. Methods BTN1A1 expression was evaluated in primary tumor tissue samples, and its ability to suppress T-cell activation and T cell-dependent tumor clearance was examined. The relationship between BTN1A1 and PD-L1 expression was further characterized, followed by the development of a BTN1A1-specific antibody that was administered to tumor-bearing mice to test the amenability of this target to immune checkpoint inhibition. Results BTN1A1 was confirmed to suppress T-cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Robust BTN1A1 expression was detected in a range of solid tumor tissue samples, and BTN1A1 expression was mutually exclusive with that of PD-L1 as a consequence of its inhibition of Janus-activated kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling-induced PD-L1 upregulation. Antibody-mediated BTN1A1 blockade suppressed tumor growth and enhanced immune cell infiltration in syngeneic tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Together, these results confirm that the potential of BTN1A1 is a bona fide immune checkpoint and a viable immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of individuals with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 refractory or resistant disease, opening new avenues to improving survival outcomes for patients with a range of cancers.
Micrococcus Peritonitis Complicating Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Martin L. Li, Ankur Shah
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2021)

Peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), can be caused by opportunistic pathogens like Micrococcus species on rare occasions. We present a case of Micrococcus sp peritonitis in a 55-year-old female with end-stage kidney disease on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis for one year who presented with cloudy effluent. Initial treatment against Micrococcus sp with vancomycin, gentamicin, and prophylactic oral nystatin was successful. However, one month later, the patient presented with abdominal pain and dialysate culture again grew Micrococcus sp. Treatment with vancomycin was unsuccessful in resolving culture positivity. The patient was transitioned to hemodialysis for non-medical reasons and then was later restarted on PD without further peritonitis episodes. Micrococcus sp peritonitis in PD poses treatment challenges due to limited guidelines. Intraperitoneal vancomycin is commonly used to target Micrococcus isolates although there is a high incidence of treatment failure. This case report highlights the need for continued reporting to enhance identification, prevention, and patient outcomes in Micrococcus sp peritonitis during PD.
N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide post‐discharge monitoring in the management of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction – a randomized trial: The <scp>NICE</scp> study
Authors: Domingo A. Pascual‐Figal, Alvaro Hernández‐Vicente, Francisco Pastor‐Pérez, Manuel Martínez‐Sellés, Eduard Solé‐González, Jesús Alvarez‐García, Pablo García‐Pavía, Alfonso Varela‐Román, Pedro Luis Sánchez, Juan F. Delgado, Jose A. Noguera‐Velasco, Antoni Bayes‐Genis
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)

Aims There is a lack of specific studies assessing the impact of natriuretic peptide monitoring in the post‐discharge management of patients with heart failure (HF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), throughout the vulnerable phase following acute HF hospitalization. The NICE study aims to assess the clinical benefit of incorporating N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) into the post‐discharge management of HFpEF patients. Methods and results Individuals admitted with HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction &gt;50%) were included in a multicentre randomized controlled study employing an open‐label design with event blinding (NCT02807168). Upon discharge, 157 patients were randomly allocated to either NT‐proBNP monitoring ( n = 79) or no access to NT‐proBNP (control group, n = 78) during pre‐scheduled visits at 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Clinical endpoints were evaluated at 6 months. The primary endpoint of HF rehospitalizations occurred in 12.1% patients, without significant differences observed between the NT‐proBNP monitoring group (12.8%) and the control group (11.4%) (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–2.81, p = 0.760). Regarding secondary endpoints, the NT‐proBNP monitoring group demonstrated a significantly lower risk of death (1.3% vs. 10.1%; HR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02–0.98; p = 0.048), whereas non‐HF hospitalizations (12.8% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.171) and any adverse clinical event (26.9% vs. 36.7%, p = 0.17) did not reach statistical significance [Correction added on 29 April 2024, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, “95% CI 0.02 ‐ 0.09” has been corrected to “95% CI 0.02 ‐ 0.98; p = 0.048” in this version.]. Awareness of NT‐proBNP levels were associated with higher doses of diuretics and renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers) in the NT‐proBNP monitoring group. Conclusions Post‐discharge monitoring of NT‐proBNP in HFpEF patients did not exhibit an association with reduced rates of HF hospitalization in this study. Nonetheless, it appears to enhance global clinical management by optimizing medical therapies and contributing to improved overall survival.
Impact of guideline‐directed medical therapy on systolic blood pressure and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure and low blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jingwei Li, Yunlong Chen, Yi Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Ping Li, Yongming He, Yang Hao, Lan Huang, Jun Jin, Jiang Wang, Craig Anderson
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)
Vaccine Safety and Immunogenicity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Natalizumab
Authors: René Carvajal, Ana Zabalza, Pere Carbonell-Mirabent, Xavier Martínez-Gómez, Juliana Esperalba, Agustín Pappolla, Ariadna Rando, Alvaro Cobo-Calvo, Carmen Tur, Marta Rodriguez, Jordi Río, Manuel Comabella, Joaquín Castilló, José Ángel Rodrigo-Pendás, Nathane Braga, Neus Mongay-Ochoa, Claudia Guío-Sánchez, Ángela Vidal-Jordana, Georgina Arrambide, Breogán Rodríguez-Acevedo, Luciana Midaglia, Blanca Borras-Bermejo, Ingrid Galán, Jaume Sastre-Garriga, Xavier Montalban, Susana Otero-Romero, Mar Tintoré
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Vaccination in patients with highly active multiple sclerosis (MS) requiring prompt treatment initiation may result in impaired vaccine responses and/or treatment delay.
Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Smartphone Use Across Sexual Orientation and Gender Expression
Authors: Xinyu Zheng, Weiqing Jiang, Shuyi Peng, Qianyu Liu, Yitong He, Cuihong Huang, Yilin Hua, Ciyong Lu, Lan Guo
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Nonheterosexual and gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals tend to report adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) more frequently compared with heterosexual and gender-conforming individuals, and individuals who have experienced ACEs, identify as nonheterosexual, or exhibit moderate to high levels of GNC are more prone to engaging in problematic smartphone use (PSU). However, there is limited school-based data among adolescents regarding this matter. Objectives To explore the associations between ACEs and PSU among adolescents across different sexual orientation and gender expression groups. Design, setting, and participants Using data from the 2021 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, this cross-sectional study includes participants from 288 public high schools across 8 provinces in China. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to February 2024. Exposures Data on ACEs, sexual orientations, and gender expressions (high, moderate, and low GNC) were collected. Main outcomes and measures PSU was assessed using the 10-item Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Weighted linear, logistic, or Poisson regression models were used. Results Among the 85 064 adolescents included (mean [SD] age, 14.92 [1.77] years), 42 632 (50.1%) were female, 70 157 (83.2%) identified as Han Chinese, and 14 208 (16.8) identified as other ethnicities (Miao, Hui, Yi, Dai, and other ethnic groups). The prevalence of PSU among participants was 35.4%. Weighted Poisson regression models indicated that the interaction between GNC and ACE was significant (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97-0.99). Further stratified analysis demonstrated homosexual adolescents who experienced 4 or more ACEs showed a significantly increased prevalence of PSU (APR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.64-1.96). Similarly, a markedly higher prevalence of PSU was observed among bisexual individuals with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.41-1.80). Regarding gender expression categories, a significantly higher prevalence of PSU was noted among high GNC adolescents with 4 or more ACEs (APR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.60-1.98) compared with low GNC adolescents without ACEs. Furthermore, experiencing any 3 ACE categories (abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction) was associated with an increased prevalence of PSU across different sexual orientation and gender expression subgroups. Conclusions and relevance In this cross-sectional study, the amalgamation of elevated ACE scores with nonheterosexual orientations or GNC identities was significantly associated with increased PSU prevalence. These findings underscore that preventing ACEs may be beneficial in mitigating PSU among adolescents, particularly for nonheterosexual adolescents and those with high levels of GNC.