Abstract 9: AFNT-212: A <i>TRAC</i>-knocked-in KRASG12D-specific TCR-T cell product enhanced with CD8αβ and a chimeric cytokine receptor for treatment of solid cancers
Authors: Allison Drain, Nicholas Rouillard, Nathaniel Swanson, Martina Canestraro, Santosh Narayan, Tyler Warner, Nicole Danek, Ken Gareau, Jinsheng Liang, Luhua Shen, Tanya Tetrault, Iqraa Priyata, Sarah Vidyasagar, Taylor Riggins-Walker, Hui-Wen Liu, Klaus Pechhold, Lauren Brown, Joshua Francis, Xingyue He, Patrick Browne, Rebecca Lamothe, Meghan Storlie, Gregory Cost, Thomas M. Schmitt, Philip D. Greenberg, Smita S. Chandran, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Hubert Lam, Ankit Gupta, Damien Hallet, Gary Shapiro, Kim Nguyen, Loïc Vincent
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract The KRASG12D mutation is an ideal target for anti-cancer therapies as its expression is typically clonal, restricted to cancer tissue, and is among the most common oncogenic drivers in solid tumors. TCR-T cell therapies have demonstrated clinical activity in some solid cancers but have been limited by heterogeneous antigen expression and unfavorable tumor microenvironments. By targeting the KRASG12D mutation for which the cancer has established genetic dependency, AFNT-212 is designed to selectively target all cancer cells while avoiding on-target/off-tumor toxicities. AFNT-212 is non-virally engineered to knock-in a 5-transgene cassette expressing a high-avidity TCR specific for the KRASG12D mutation, a CD8α/β coreceptor, and a chimeric cytokine receptor. Transgene insertion at the TRAC locus disrupts expression of the endogenous TCRα, further enhancing the expression/activity of the transgenic KRASG12D TCR. Primary human CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were genetically engineered by a novel CRISPR-Cas nuclease system to integrate AFNT-212 transgenes within the TRAC locus. A cGMP compatible scale-up process for non-viral knock-in was established to support AFNT-212 clinical manufacturing. The activity of AFNT-212 was assessed against a panel of human KRASG12D tumor cell lines in vitro and established mouse xenograft models in vivo. The preclinical safety profile of AFNT-212 was evaluated by X-scan and crossreactivity assessment, alloreactivity studies, and cytokine independent growth studies. The specificity of gene-editing (GE) was assessed by an unbiased oligo-capture method followed by targeted sequencing. AFNT-212 TCR-T cells demonstrated potent in vitro anti-tumor activity against endogenously expressing HLA-A*11:01 KRASG12D tumor cells, including during chronic exposure to viable tumor cells. AFNT-212 TCR-T cells showed robust antitumor activity in established xenograft mouse models in vivo. No cross-reactivity was identified for the KRASG12D TCR against potential self-peptides even at supraphysiological levels, demonstrating high specificity of the TCR. No alloreactivity or cytokine-independent proliferation was observed. GE safety evaluations did not reveal any off-target activity using high sensitivity (~0.1%) NGS-based analyses or any GE-associated chromosomal rearrangements. The manufacturing of AFNT-212 consistently delivered &amp;gt;50-fold expansion of engineered TCR-T cells to meet expected clinical dose levels and exhibit memory/stemness phenotypes and negligible markers of immunologic exhaustion. AFNT-212, a novel TCR T cell therapy targeting KRASG12D mutant tumors, demonstrates robust activity against KRASG12D mutant tumors in vitro and in vivo. The robust manufacturing process developed using non-viral gene editing in the TRAC locus will support future clinical development of AFNT-212. Citation Format: Allison Drain, Nicholas Rouillard, Nathaniel Swanson, Martina Canestraro, Santosh Narayan, Tyler Warner, Nicole Danek, Ken Gareau, Jinsheng Liang, Luhua Shen, Tanya Tetrault, Iqraa Priyata, Sarah Vidyasagar, Taylor Riggins-Walker, Hui-Wen Liu, Klaus Pechhold, Lauren Brown, Joshua Francis, Xingyue He, Patrick Browne, Rebecca Lamothe, Meghan Storlie, Gregory Cost, Thomas M. Schmitt, Philip D. Greenberg, Smita S. Chandran, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Hubert Lam, Ankit Gupta, Damien Hallet, Gary Shapiro, Kim Nguyen, Loïc Vincent. AFNT-212: A TRAC-knocked-in KRASG12D-specific TCR-T cell product enhanced with CD8αβ and a chimeric cytokine receptor for treatment of solid cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 9.