tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of electric cooking in providing sustainable school meals in low-income and lower-middle-income countries
Authors: Yesmeen Khalifa, Matthew Leach, Richard Sieff, Jerome Nsengiyaremye, Beryl Onjala, Karlijn Groen, Francesco Fuso Nerini, Camilo Ramirez, Raffaella Bellanca
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Approximately 418 million children are beneficiaries of school meal programmes globally. In general, supportive infrastructure is necessary for the successful delivery of school meals, but in many low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs), schools have poor access to essential facilities such as kitchens, electricity, and clean water. Moreover, schools in LLMICs often rely on charcoal or firewood for cooking with consequent negative health, social, economic, and environmental impacts that disproportionally affect women and children. The increasing availability of electricity and large energy efficient cooking appliances in LLMICs suggests that electric cooking could offer a potential solution. However, although the impacts of providing electricity to schools on educational outcomes have been explored, and the scope for electric cooking transitions at household level is increasingly studied, evidence on the role of electricity in providing sustainable school meals remains scarce, particularly in LLMICs. Most existing studies on school meals focus on the health and nutritional values of school meals and do not consider the energy used in their preparation or associated impacts. To address this gap, this Personal View explores the contribution of electric cooking to providing sustainable school meals. Recent case studies from Kenya, Lesotho, Nepal, and Guinea that introduced electric cooking as an alternative to traditional cooking fuels have shown how electric cooking can contribute to providing sustainable schools meals in LLMICs. This Personal View highlights multiple sustainable benefits from shifting to electric cooking, which include environmental, economic, and health benefits, and time saving, with potential gender benefits intersecting these domains. Sharing lessons learned from each study could improve the delivery and effectiveness of these interventions for other schools, and understanding the range of contexts and challenges could help towards programme design for wider scaling of sustainable school meal provision.
A novel long-acting relaxin-2 fusion, AZD3427, improves cardiac performance in non-human primates with cardiac dysfunction
Authors: Monika Papworth, Spoorthy Kulkarni, Madeleine Antonsson, Isabelle Sermadiras, Daniel Hovdal, Kat Connolly, Jan Olsson, Animesh Shukla, Peter Cotton, Magnus Althage, Judy Paterson, Esther Martin, Marcin Wolny, Franco Ferraro, Agnieszka Sadowska, Weidong Hao, Niklas Larsson, Anna Backmark, Tom Marlow, Rosario Perez, Lutz Jermutus, Sami Omar, Richard T George, Anders Gabrielsen, Daniel Pettersen, Karin Jennbacken
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2025)

Relaxin-2, a well-known human hormone primarily associated with pregnancy, has shown promising cardiovascular benefits in both preclinical models and clinical trials. However, its therapeutic potential has been limited due to the short half-life and the short duration of treatment. To address this, we developed AZD3427, a novel long-acting relaxin-2 analogue and assessed its efficacy during prolonged treatment in a large animal model with cardiac dysfunction. Extensive protein engineering resulted in AZD3427, a novel fusion protein, which closely mimics the natural hormone's structure and consists of a single relaxin-2 and the Fc fragment of human IgG1 to extend its half-life. AZD3427 exhibits an improved pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for weekly or less frequent, subcutaneous dosing, and maintains the pharmacology profile of relaxin-2 with signalling via RXFP1 in cell systems. The effects of chronic RXFP1 agonism with AZD3427 were investigated in a non-human primate (NHP) model with systolic dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Administration of AZD3427 over a twenty-one-week period led to significant improvements in cardiac function, as evidenced by increased ejection fraction (EF), cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV), as well as reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Importantly, no adverse events related to treatments were observed and there were no concomitant changes in heart rate (HR) or blood pressure (BP). During the eighteen-week washout period, the observed effects gradually disappeared. Prolonged administration of AZD3427, a long-acting relaxin receptor RXFP1 agonist, resulted in remarkable improvement in cardiac function in a NHP model. Findings of this study are an important translational step to developing future therapies and support further clinical development of AZD3427 as a novel treatment for patients with heart failure (HF).
Machine learning on interictal intracranial EEG predicts surgical outcome in drug resistant epilepsy
Authors: Hmayag Partamian, Saeed Jahromi, Ludovica Corona, M. Scott Perry, Eleonora Tamilia, Joseph R. Madsen, Jeffrey Bolton, Scellig S. D. Stone, Phillip L. Pearl, Christos Papadelis
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Surgical success for patients with focal drug resistant epilepsy (DRE) relies on accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Currently, no exam delineates this zone unambiguously. Instead, the EZ is approximated by the area where seizures begin, which is identified manually through a tedious process that is prone to errors and biases. More importantly, resection of this area does not always predict good surgical outcome. Here, we propose an artificially intelligent, patient-specific framework that automatically identifies the EZ requiring little to no input from clinicians, without having to wait for a seizure to occur. The framework transforms interictal intracranial electroencephalography data into spatiotemporal representations of brain activity discriminating the interictal epileptogenic network from background activity. The epileptogenic network delineates the EZ with high precision and predicts surgical outcome. Our framework eliminates the need for manual data inspection, reduces prolonged monitoring, and enhances surgical planning for DRE patients.
A human-infecting H10N5 avian influenza virus: clinical features, virus reassortment, receptor-binding affinity, and possible transmission routes
Authors: Jing Yang, Shufa Zheng, Ju Sun, Haibo Wu, Dan Zhang, Yanjun Wang, Tian Tian, Linwei Zhu, Zhigang Wu, Lanjuan Li, George F Gao, Yuhai Bi, Hangping Yao
Journal: Journal of Infection (2025)

In late 2023, the first human case caused by an H10N5 avian influenza virus (AIV) was diagnosed in China. H10Ny AIVs have been identified in various poultry and wild birds in Eurasia, the Americas, and Oceania. We analyzed the clinical data of the H10N5 AIV-infected patient, isolated the virus, and evaluated the virus receptor-binding properties together with the H10N8 and H10N3 AIVs identified in humans and poultry. The genomic data of the human-infecting H10N5 strain and avian H10Ny AIVs (n = 48, including 16 strains of H10N3 and 2 strains of H10N8) from live poultry markets in China, during 2019-2021, were sequenced. We inferred the genetic origin and spread pattern of the H10N5 AIV using the phylodynamic methods. In addition, given all available nucleotide sequences, the spatial-temporal dynamics, host distribution, and the maximum-likelihood phylogenies of global H10 AIVs were reconstructed. The first H10N5 AIV-infected human case co-infected with seasonal influenza H3N2 virus was identified. Unfortunately, the patient died after systematic treatments. The H10N5 virus predominantly bound avian-type receptor, without any known mammalian-adapted mutations. Phylodynamic inference indicated that the H10N5 AIV was generated by multiple reassortments among viruses from Korea and Japan, central Asia, and China in late 2022, acquiring the seven gene segments from H10N7 or other low pathogenic AIVs in wild Anseriformes, except for the PA gene from H5N2 AIVs in Domestic Anseriformes. The HA gene of the H10N5 virus belongs to the North American lineage, which was probably introduced into Asia by migratory birds, subsequently forming local circulation. Unlike the human-infecting H10N3 and H10N8 AIVs acquiring six internal protein-coding genes from H9N2 AIVs in domestic poultry, the human-infecting H10N5 AIV was generated through multiple reassortments among viruses mainly carried by wild Anseriformes. Furthermore, worldwide distribution, inter-continental transmission, and genetic exchanges between Eurasian and North American lineages call for more concerns about influenza surveillance on H10Ny AIVs, especially in the flyway overlapping areas.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Imaging in Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma
Authors: Atlas Haddadi Avval, Suneel Banerjee, John Zielke, Benjamin Kann, Sabine Mueller, Andreas M Rauschecker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) is a rare, aggressive, and fatal tumor that largely occurs in the pediatric population. To improve outcomes, it is important to characterize DMGs, which can be performed via MRI assessment. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced imaging have demonstrated their potential to improve the evaluation of various brain tumors, gleaning more information from imaging data than is possible without these methods. This narrative review compiles the existing literature on the intersection of MRI-based AI use and DMG tumors. The applications of AI in DMG revolve around classification and diagnosis, segmentation, radiogenomics, and prognosis/survival prediction. Currently published articles have utilized a wide spectrum of AI algorithms, from traditional machine learning and radiomics to neural networks. Challenges include the lack of cohorts of DMG patients with publicly available, multi-institutional, multimodal imaging and genomics datasets as well as the overall rarity of the disease. As an adjunct to AI, advanced MRI techniques, including Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI), and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), as well as Positron Emission Tomography (PET), provide additional insights into DMGs. Establishing AI models in conjunction with advanced imaging modalities has the potential to push clinical practice toward precision medicine.
Oculomics: Current Concepts and Evidence
Authors: Zhuoting Zhu, Yueye Wang, Ziyi Qi, Wenyi Hu, Xiayin Zhang, Siegfried K Wagner, Yujie Wang, An Ran Ran, Joshua Ong, Ethan Waisberg, Mouayad Masalkhi, Alex Suh, Yih Chung Tham, Carol Y Cheung, Xiaohong Yang, Honghua Yu, Zongyuan Ge, Wei Wang, Bin Sheng, Yun Liu, Andrew G Lee, Alastair K Denniston, Peter van Wijngaarden, Pearse A Keane, Ching-Yu Cheng, Mingguang He, Tien Yin Wong
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2025)
Anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody synergizes with radiotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity and mitigate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Yuze Wu, Yuheng Yan, Yarong Guo, Mengke Niu, Binghan Zhou, Jing Zhang, Pengfei Zhou, Qian Chu, Qi Mei, Ming Yi, Kongming Wu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)

Despite the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in multiple malignant tumors, a significant proportion of patients remain unresponsive to treatment. Radiotherapy (RT) elicits immunogenic antitumor responses but concurrently activates several immune evasion mechanisms. Our earlier research demonstrated the efficacy of YM101, an anti-TGF-β/PD-L1 bispecific antibody, in stroma-rich tumors. Nevertheless, YM101 has demonstrated reduced effectiveness in non-inflamed tumors characterized by poor immune cell infiltration. This study investigated the potential synergy between RT and YM101 in overcoming immunotherapy resistance and mitigating RT-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The antitumor activity and survival outcomes of RT plus YM101 treatment in vivo were explored in several non-inflamed murine tumor models. Furthermore, the inhibition of pulmonary metastases was assessed in a pulmonary metastasis model. The impact of RT on dendritic cell (DC) maturation was quantified by flow cytometry, whereas cytokine and chemokine secretions were measured by ELISA. To comprehensively characterize changes in the tumor microenvironment, we utilized a combination of methods, including flow cytometry, IHC staining, multiplex inmunofluorecence and RNA sequencing. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of YM101 on RT-induced pulmonary fibrosis. RT plus YM101 significantly inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival and inhibited pulmonary metastases compared with monotherapies in non-inflamed tumors with poor immune infiltration. RT promoted DC maturation in a dose-dependent manner and increased the secretions of multiple proinflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, RT plus YM101 simultaneously increased the infiltration and activation of intratumoral DCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and reshaped the tumor microenvironment landscape. Notably, YM101 attenuated both RT-induced peritumoral fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings suggest that RT combined with YM101 enhances antitumor immunity and overcomes resistance in non-inflamed tumors in preclinical models, while simultaneously showing potential in mitigating RT-induced fibrosis. This combination therapy demonstrates promise in overcoming ICI resistance, while potentially sparing normal pulmonary tissue, thereby providing a strong rationale for further clinical investigations.
Transforming healthcare through just, equitable and quality driven artificial intelligence solutions in South Asia
Authors: Sushmita Adhikari, Iftikhar Ahmed, Deepak Bajracharya, Bishesh Khanal, Chandrasegarar Solomon, Kapila Jayaratne, Khondaker Abdullah Al Mamum, Muhammad Shamim Hayder Talukder, Sunila Shakya, Suresh Manandhar, Zahid Ali Memon, Moinul Haque Chowdhury, Ihtisham ul Islam, Noor Sabah Rakhshani, M. Imran Khan
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

AI can transform healthcare in LMICs by improving access, reducing costs, and enhancing efficiency. However, challenges such as safety, bias, and the resource constraints need to be addressed. Further, collaboration across domains is essential to develop capacity, user-friendly tools, and training. Ethical considerations should be central to AI deployment. By emphasizing gender equity, fairness, and responsible design, LMICs can harness AI's power to enhance healthcare outcomes and advance equitable care.
Age-dependent progression from clearance to vulnerability in the early response of periventricular microglia to α-synuclein toxic species
Authors: Mª Salomé Sirerol-Piquer, Ana Perez-Villalba, Pere Duart-Abadia, Germán Belenguer, Ulises Gómez-Pinedo, Laura Blasco-Chamarro, Pau Carrillo-Barberà, Azucena Pérez-Cañamás, Victoria Navarro-Garrido, Benjamin Dehay, Miquel Vila, Javier Vitorica, Francisco Pérez-Sánchez, Isabel Fariñas
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2025)

Cytoplasmic alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates are a typical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Extracellular insoluble αSyn can induce pathology in healthy neurons suggesting that PD neurodegeneration may spread through cell-to-cell transfer of αSyn proteopathic seeds. Early pro-homeostatic reaction of microglia to toxic forms of αSyn remains elusive, which is especially relevant considering the recently uncovered microglial molecular diversity. Here, we show that periventricular microglia of the subependymal neurogenic niche monitor the cerebrospinal fluid and can rapidly phagocytize and degrade different aggregated forms of αSyn delivered into the lateral ventricle. However, this clearing ability worsens with age, leading to an increase in microglia with aggregates in aged treated mice, an accumulation also observed in human PD samples. We also show that exposure of aged microglia to aggregated αSyn isolated from human PD samples results in the phosphorylation of the endogenous protein and the generation of αSyn seeds that can transmit the pathology to healthy neurons. Our data indicate that while microglial phagocytosis rapidly clears toxic αSyn, aged microglia can contribute to synucleinopathy spreading.
Inactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome by dephosphorylation at Serine 658 alleviates glial inflammation in the mouse model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Rong-Xin Zhu, Rui-Xue Han, Yue-Han Chen, Lei Huang, Ting Liu, Jingwei Jiang, Cong Wang, Lei Cao, Yang Liu, Ming Lu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2025)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, contributing to considerable disability worldwide. Current treatments offer only symptomatic relief, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies targeting disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in PD pathogenesis, with the NLRP3 inflammasome emerging as a key contributor. The virtual screening of a natural product library comprising 5,088 compounds was applied to identify five potential NLRP3 inhibitors through molecular docking scores. Then surface plasmon resonance assays were used to detect their binding affinities to the NLRP3 protein. Functional studies in macrophages and glial cells were used to demonstrate the effect of Psoralen on NLRP3 phosphorylation and inflammasome activation. Psoralen treatment improved PD-like symptoms and reduced dopaminergic neuronal death by targeting glial NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the MPTP/p mouse model. By performing 4D label-free quantitative phosphorylation proteomics and site mutation assays, we identified that Psoralen prevents NLRP3 phosphorylation at Serine 658 by binding to its NACHT and LRR domains. These findings position Psoralen as a promising NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for PD and other NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases. Additionally, this research highlights the innovative approach of targeting specific phosphorylation sites on the NLRP3 protein to reduce neuroinflammation.
Anatomical distribution of acral lentiginous melanoma in the hand and nail among Japanese individuals
Authors: Yuna Kochi, Yaei Togawa, Yuriko Yamazaki, Yosuke Yamamoto, Keisuke Suehiro, Hiroyuki Matsue, Takashi Inozume
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

We conducted a retrospective study of 54 Japanese patients with histopathologically confirmed melanoma of the hand to determine the precise anatomical distribution of lesions. Our findings indicate that the subungual area, particularly the thumb, was the most common site of melanoma. Furthermore, lesions tended to cluster in the thenar and hypothenar regions, areas prone to mechanical pressure.
Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Inverse Risk of New-onset Atopic Dermatitis in Diabetic Population: a Nationwide, Active-comparator Study
Authors: Yuan-Liang Wen, Wan-Ting Hsu, Yi-Hsien Chen, Hui-Han Kao, Chun-Cheng Liao, Sheng-Yin To, Hui-Wen Yang, Li-Ting Kao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a novel class of antidiabetic medications, have emerged as a key treatment option for diabetes management. Notably, SGLT2i promote glucose and sodium excretion through urine, a mechanism that may be implicated in the potential association between SGLT2i use and atopic dermatitis (AD) risk. This study investigated the relationship between SGLT2i use and new-onset AD in diabetic patients. This nationwide active-comparator cohort study utilized data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database to investigate the association between SGLT2i use and AD risk. The study included adult patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated SGLT2i or DPP4i between May 2016 and December 2018, with no prescriptions for other SGLT2i or DPP4i in the 12 months prior to cohort entry. A total of 148,354 SGLT2i users were identified as the study group, while 322,703 DPP4i users were designated as the active comparator group. The primary outcome was the incidence of AD. To minimize potential confounding, inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to balance baseline characteristics, medical history, and ever having medication use between the two groups. Additionally, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and gender-specific assessments were conducted to further validate the findings. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of developing AD. In the full cohort, SGLT2i users had a lower AD incidence (9.742 vs. 12.070 per 1,000 person-years) than DPP4i users. SGLT2i users had a significantly lower risk of AD compared to DPP4i users (HR = 0.847) after IPTW adjustment. Different SGLT2i types also showed a consistent protective effect for AD. Notably, the highest SGLT2i dosage was associated with the lowest AD risk (IPTW-adjusted HR = 0.647), consistent across sensitivity analyses. Additionally, male SGLT2i users exhibit a much lower risk of AD (IPTW-adjusted HR=0.750) than female SGLT2i users. SGLT2i show a significant protective effect against AD in diabetic patients compared to DPP4i. This robust finding, consistent across weighting and sensitivity analyses, supports SGLT2i use, with a strong protective effect also observed in the dose-response analysis.
Liver Disease Trends in the Asia-Pacific Region for the Next 50 Years
Authors: Shuichiro Shiina, Javkhlan Maikhuu, Qing Deng, Terguunbileg Batsaikhan, Lariza Marie Canseco, Maki Tobari, Hitoshi Maruyama, Hiroaki Nagamatsu, Diana Alcantara-Payawal, Rino Gani, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Tawesak Tanwandee, Giovanni Galati, Yoon Jun Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2025)

Liver disease has emerged as a critical and escalating public health concern worldwide, with the Asia-Pacific region at the forefront of this challenge due to its vast population and diverse socioeconomic landscape. Over the coming five decades, this region will experience profound changes in liver disease patterns, shaped by rapid urbanization, lifestyle modifications, advancements in medical technologies, and evolving public health strategies. This article offers an in-depth analysis of six transformative areas defining the trajectory of liver disease in the region. First, it highlights the alarming rise of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, diseases driven by modern lifestyle factors and inherent metabolic susceptibilities. Concurrently, it celebrates the declining burden of viral hepatitis, underscoring the success of sustained public health interventions. However, new challenges are emerging, such as the growing impact of environmental and occupational exposures on liver health. Breakthroughs in genomic and epigenetic research promise to advance precision medicine, offering targeted therapeutic solutions. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence, big data, and telemedicine is poised to revolutionize liver disease management, improving accessibility and personalized care. Finally, the article emphasizes the critical role of robust health policies, preventive strategies, and cross-border collaboration in shaping a healthier future. By synthesizing these insights, the study aims to guide innovative and effective responses to the evolving liver disease landscape in the Asia-Pacific region.