tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Restrictions unnecessary and obstructive
Authors: J. E Haddow, G. E Palomaki
Journal: BMJ (1995)

health care and its evaluation have led to the expectation that studies of use of health services will become prominent.It would be deplorable if unreasonable procedures regarding access to data were to hinder practical applications of health record linkage.Some people will undoubtedly argue that the consent of each subject should be obtained for any procedure that links records.We believe that governments, as custodians of health care data- bases, have a duty to allow scientific investigators access to them in view of the benefits that have resulted from previous studies based on these databases.A requirement for individual consent would lead to the extinction of useful research using health care databases.
Abstract 3621: sLr11, An Enhancer Of Intimal Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Inhibits Fat Accumulation In Mice As A Novel Adipogenesis Regulator
Authors: Hideaki Bujo, Meizi Jiang, Kaori Motomura, Kenji Ohwaki, Hiroyuki Yamazaki, Yasushi Saito
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Cyclosporin: Mode of Action and Clinical Applications
Authors: Angus W. Thomson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Cyclosporin has had a remarkable effect on clinical organ transplantation. Prior to its introduction, considerable advances had been made in the grafting of vital organs, particularly the kidney, heart and liver. In many developed countries, however, transplantation was not considered wo-rthwhile in terms of gain for the investment of resources. The improved results of kidney grafts following the use of cyclosporin has changed this attitude. For all types of organ transplantation, cyclosporin has resulted in an improvement of functional graft survival and has allowed a reduction in steroid dose and, in some cases, no steroids at all. It has permitted the first successful experimental transplantation of the heart and lungs in primate species by Reitz and colleagues and their results were applied directly to the clinic. It was largely due to the introduction of cyclosporin that the Washington Consensus Meeting on Liver Transplantation came to a favourable recommendation and the result has been the proliferation of units performing liver transplantation, approximately fifty in North America and another fifty in Europe, where previously there had been a handful. Having been involved in cyclosporin for organ grafting from the beginning, I have been able to witness these developments which have far exceeded my expectations once the nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin was demonstrated in man. It is fitting that Dr.
Abstract 10577: The Effect of Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients with Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome in Tokyo CCU Network
Authors: Eizo Tachibana, Ken Nagao, Kimio Kikushima, Tadateru Takayama, Naoki Satoh, Atsushi Yamada, Morimasa Takayama
Journal: Circulation (2011)

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest. The 2010 AHA guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care recommen...
Temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (BV) as initial treatment for unresectable or multifocal glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: K. Peters, A. Desjardins, D. A. Reardon, S. Perry, J. E. Herndon, L. Bailey, A. H. Friedman, H. S. Friedman, D. D. Bigner, J. J. Vredenburgh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13025 Background: GBMs are vascular tumors and inherently resistant to therapy. The prognosis for patients is poor with a median survival of 9–15 months. Patients with unresectable or multifocal GBMs have an even poorer prognosis, with a median survival of 6–8 months. Given the angiogenic phenotype of GBM, we conducted a phase II trial of upfront BV and 5-day TMZ in newly diagnosed unresectable or multifocal GBMs. Methods: Patients had histologically documented newly diagnosed GBMs that were unresectable or multifocal. Patients received up to 4 cycles of temozolomide at 200 mg/m 2 /d days 1–5 and BV at 10 mg/kg on days 1 and 14 in a 28 day cycle. An MRI was performed after every cycle and patients continued on therapy as long as there was no tumor progression, grade 4 non-hematologic toxicity or recurrent grade 4 hematologic toxicity after a dose reduction to 150 mg/m 2 /d. The primary endpoint was tumor response using the modified MacDonald criteria plus FLAIR and T2 sequences to evaluate non-enhancing tumor. Results were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Results: 41 patients were enrolled between October 2007 and September 2008 and 31 patients were analyzed after completion of cycle 2. As the best response, there were 8 (25.8%) partial responses, 19 (61.3 %) patients with stable disease, and 4(12.9 %) had disease progression. 19 of the 41 patients enrolled completed four cycles without tumor progression. The regimen was tolerable, with 3 grade 4 hematologic toxicities including neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. There were 2 grade 4 non-hematologic toxicities, including pulmonary embolism. There were two CNS hemorrhages. The median PFS was 3.6 months (2.9 months, 4.4 months) and the median OS was 4.5 months (3.7 months, 5.3 months). Conclusions: Upfront temozolomide and bevacizumab was well tolerated, but synergistic chemotherapy or growth factor inhibitors need to be added to produce meaningful clinical benefit, particularly for unresectable or multifocal GBM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Therapeutic Use of Metformin in Prediabetes and Diabetes Prevention
Authors: Ulrike Hostalek, Mike Gwilt, Steven Hildemann
Journal: Drugs (2015)

People with elevated, non-diabetic, levels of blood glucose are at risk of progressing to clinical type 2 diabetes and are commonly termed 'prediabetic'. The term prediabetes usually refers to high–normal fasting plasma glucose (impaired fasting glucose) and/or plasma glucose 2 h following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (impaired glucose tolerance). Current US guidelines consider high–normal HbA1c to also represent a prediabetic state. Individuals with prediabetic levels of dysglycaemia are already at elevated risk of damage to the microvasculature and macrovasculature, resembling the long-term complications of diabetes. Halting or reversing the progressive decline in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function holds the key to achieving prevention of type 2 diabetes in at-risk subjects. Lifestyle interventions aimed at inducing weight loss, pharmacologic treatments (metformin, thiazolidinediones, acarbose, basal insulin and drugs for weight loss) and bariatric surgery have all been shown to reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in prediabetic subjects. However, lifestyle interventions are difficult for patients to maintain and the weight loss achieved tends to be regained over time. Metformin enhances the action of insulin in liver and skeletal muscle, and its efficacy for delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes has been proven in large, well-designed, randomised trials, such as the Diabetes Prevention Program and other studies. Decades of clinical use have demonstrated that metformin is generally well-tolerated and safe. We have reviewed in detail the evidence base supporting the therapeutic use of metformin for diabetes prevention.
Lymphedema after breast cancer in a prospective cohort study
Authors: M. L. Kwan, J. Darbinian, K. H. Schmitz, D. L. Hershman, L. H. Kushi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

20736 Background: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is a chronic, debilitating condition that may occur among breast cancer survivors after surgery and/or radiation therapy to the axilla. BCRL patients can experience overall decreased quality of life. Reports of the true incidence of lymphedema vary widely, and no large, population-based studies have been conducted with standardized diagnosis, measurement, and follow-up. Methods: In an ongoing, prospective study of recently-diagnosed breast cancer survivors at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), we ascertained the incidence of BCRL based on electronic medical records. Cases were identified by ICD-9 code 4571.0, outpatient procedures for manual lymph drainage, or durable medical equipment orders after breast cancer diagnosis. We compared demographic, medical care utilization, and cancer characteristics among BCRL and non-BCRL women using Pearson’s chi- square test and Satterthwaite t-test. A brief questionnaire about BCRL education was administered at cohort entry among a sample of women. Results: As of 16 October 2007, 111 out of 1,176 breast cancer patients were diagnosed with BCRL (9.4% incidence with up to 22 months of follow-up). The mean time to diagnosis after cancer diagnosis was 6.2 months with the majority (37.9%) diagnosed in the first three months. BCRL patients were younger, had significantly more physical therapy and surgery visits, and had more advanced cancer stage than non-BCRL patients (p<0.05). No differences were observed by BMI at cancer diagnosis. Among 332 respondents, 67.8% reported having received BCRL educational materials from KPNC. Awareness of risk reduction strategies was poor, with only 60.5% and 57.8% reporting avoidance of trauma/injury and arm constriction, respectively. Suggestions for improving BCRL education included a discussion with the surgeon pre- and post-surgery and a mandatory physical therapy meeting post-surgery. Conclusions: Within a large HMO setting, BCRL remains an important health issue despite recent changes in surgical technique to remove positive lymph nodes. More improvements are needed for disseminating BCRL information to breast cancer patients due to mounting evidence that progression can be prevented through early treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Description and early results of a newly established bladder cancer screening program in a high risk population
Authors: H. Steiner, B. Stoehr, G. Bartsch, A. Brunner, G. Mikuz, I. Verdofer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

5080 Background: To report the early results of a recently launched screening program for bladder cancer in a high risk population using a combination of four urine based tests. Methods: Persons with a smoking history of > 40 pack years and no history of urothelial malignancy provided a standardized voided urine sample for analysis with urine dipsticks, NMP22 bladder chek, cytology and Uro Vysion FISH test. Participants with at least one positive test result underwent further work up including cystoscopy and radiological imaging. Results: 108 of the 183 screened persons had no positive test result and were advised to be retested in a year. Of the remaining 75 participants (table 1) with at least one abnormal test 18 had abnormal findings detected during work up; 15 of those in the urinary bladder: pTaG1 (n=1), CIS (n=2), dysplastic lesions (n=11) and in one patient an inverted papilloma was detected. In the upper urinary tract two urothelial tumours (pTa GI and pTxGIIIN2) and one renal cell carcinoma (GII pT1) were detected. In summary, 6 of 183 pts (3,3%) had histological confirmed malignant lesions and another 12 patients (6,5%) were identified with possible precancerous lesions of the urinary tract. Urine dipstick, NMP22, Cytology and UroVysion detected (were true positive in) 9 (50%), 1 (5,6%), 7 (38,9%) and 11 (61,1%) of 18 lesions found in cystoscopy, while they failed to detect (were false negative in) 9 (50%), 17 (94,4%), 11 (61,1%) and 7 (38,9%) of these lesions, respectively. Omitting Urine dipstick, NMP22, Cytology or UroVysion from the test setting could have spared 40, 5, 2 or 1 screening participant(s) from unnecessary invasive interventions, respectively; on the other hand 3, 0, 2 or 6 lesions, would have been missed. An increasing number of positive screening tests was associated with a higher probability of a (pre-)malignant lesions: 18% of persons with 1 positive test, 36 % with 2 positive test and 100% of persons with 3 positive test. Conclusions: Screening a high risk group revealed a significant number of patients with malignancy. Of special scientific interest will be the follow up of those patients with possible precancerous lesions. The most efficient screening tool was the combination of FISH, Cytology and urine dipstick. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 5700: Worsening Renal Function and Arrhythmic Event in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Patients with Nonischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Atsushi Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Shiga, Daigo Yagishita, Keisuke Futagawa, Naoki Serizawa, Norihiro Yamada, Tsuyoshi Suzuki, Koichiro Ejima, Takahiro Satoh, Tetsuyuki Manaka, Morio Shoda, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose: Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) prevents sudden cardiac death in high risk patients with heart failure (HF). Worsening renal function (WRF) is associated with mortality in patients with myocardial infarction or HF, but its effect on lethal arrhythmia is unknown. We evaluated the influence of WRF on the occurrence of arrhythmic events in patients with nonischemic HF and ICD. Methods: A total of 286 nonischemic HF patients who underwent ICD implantation between 1990 and 2007 were studied. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease. Renal dysfunction was defined as eGFR &lt;60mL/min/1.73m 2 and WRF was defined as 15mL/min/1.73m 2 per year. Differences in arrhythmia recurrences according to the eGFR and WRF were compared by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Results: During a mean follow-up time of 2.2+/−1.0 years, 94 (33%) of 286 patients (mean age; 57+/−15 years, 72% male) experienced appropriate ICD shock therapy. There was a significantly higher cumulative rate of appropriate ICD shock therapy (p&lt;0.05) and electrical storm (p&lt;0.05) in patients with renal dysfunction than others. The patients with renal dysfunction at baseline experience WRF more frequently than other patients (53% vs. 23%, respectively, p&lt;0.01). After correcting for age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), indication for ICD implantation, and use of beta-blockers in a Cox regression model, WRF was still an independent predictor of the time to first appropriate shock (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.32–3.69, p&lt;0.05) and electrical storm (HR 2.22, 95% CI 1.19 – 4.13, p&lt;0.05). The result of subgroup analysis of 147 patients with low LVEF (LVEF&lt;35%) indicated that the patients with WRF experienced electrical storms more frequently (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: WRF is associated with increased rate of arrhythmic event in nonischemic HF patients. Especially, those patients with low LVEF and WRF experience more frequent ICD shocks.
Mobilization Of Blasts and Leukemia Stem Cells by Anti-CXCR4 Antibody BMS-936564 (MDX 1338) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sylvia Chien, Lauren E. Beyerle, Brent L. Wood, Elihu H. Estey, Frederick R. Appelbaum, Pina M. Cardarelli, Peter Sabbatini, Suresh Shelat, Lewis Cohen, Pamela S. Becker
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cocaine: Clinical and Biobehavioral Aspects.
Authors: Seymour Fisher, Allen Raskin, E. H. Uhlenhuth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

R Byck: History and osciology of cocaine use and research: three histories J H Woods, G D Winger and C P France: Dependence-producing properties of cocaine: a behavioural analysis C Kornetsky and G Bain: Neuronal bases for hedonic effects of cocaine and opiates G F Koob, F J Vaccarino, M Amalric, N R Swerdlow: Neural substrates for cocaine and opiate reinforcement R M Post, S R B Weiss, A Pert, T W Uhde: Chronic cocaine administration: sensitization and kindling effects F H Gawin, H Kleber: Issues in cocaine abuse treatment research T H Crowley: Clinical issues in cocaine abuse R E Schultes: Coca and other new world psychoactive plants: magical/religious roles in primitive societies.
Effects of zoledronic acid on survival in patients with lung cancer and high baseline N-telopeptide (NTX) levels: Stratified by baseline bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP)
Authors: E. Matczak, V. Hirsh, A. Lipton, R. J. Cook, C. Langer, Y. J. Hei, P. Major
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7228 Background: Recently, it was shown that patients (pts) with bone metastases from lung cancer who had high NTX or BALP levels on study had a higher risk for skeletal-related events (SREs) and death compared with pts with low NTX or BALP. Zoledronic acid has been shown to prevent SREs; however, it is unknown whether there is a secondary survival benefit in this pt population. To assess the potential effect of zoledronic acid on survival in pts with bone metastases from lung cancer and high baseline NTX, we conducted a retrospective analysis of pts in a large, randomized, controlled trial. Methods: Patients with lung cancer and bone metastases were randomized to receive either 4 mg zoledronic acid or placebo for a total of 21 months. Survival data were evaluated in pts who had a high baseline NTX level (≥ 64 nmol/mmol) and baseline BALP level (retrospectively stratified by baseline BALP level according to these criteria: normal BALP &lt; 146 U/L and high BALP ≥ 146 U/L). The relative risk (RR) of death was calculated for each pt group and for pts with high NTX levels overall compared with placebo. Results: The pts with high NTX levels (n = 144; men, 65% women, 35%) had a median age of 64 years. Among these pts, the RR of death was significantly reduced by 35% in pts who received zoledronic acid compared with placebo (RR = 0.650; P = .0244). The RR of death on study for pts who had both high baseline NTX and BALP levels (n = 97) was also significantly reduced by 46% in pts who received zoledronic acid compared with placebo (RR = 0.537; P = .0059). Among pts who had high baseline NTX and normal BALP levels (n = 47), the RR of death was similar between treatment groups (RR = 1.012; P = .9736). Conclusions: High levels of bone resorption may correlate with an increased risk of SREs and death. Zoledronic acid reduces bone turnover and the risk of SREs and may delay the progression of bone lesions. This retrospective analysis suggests that treatment with zoledronic acid may improve survival compared with placebo in pts with lung cancer who have high levels of bone metabolism, warranting further study in either other database analyses or prospective trials. [Table: see text]
Final Results Of Phase II Study Of Lenalidomide Plus Rituximab-CHOP21 In Elderly Untreated Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Focusing On The Analysis Of Cell Of Origin: REAL07 Trial Of The Fondazione Italiana Linfomi
Authors: Annalisa Chiappella, Silvia Franceschetti, Alessia Castellino, Angelo Michele Carella, Ileana Baldi, Manuela Zanni, Anna Marina Liberati, Michele Spina, Alessandra Tucci, Vincenzo Pavone, Anna Lia Molinari, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Flavia Salvi, Marcello Gaudiano, Pier Paolo Fattori, Alfonso Zaccaria, Barbara Botto, Angela Congiu, Giovannino Ciccone, Marco Ladetto, Martin Dreyling, Gianluca Gaidano, Giorgio Inghirami, Giuseppe Rossi, Umberto Vitolo
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 10: Outcome Of Pediatric In-hospital Cardiac Arrest By Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Implementation During Active Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Enting Wu, Shuchien Huang, Wenje Ko, YihSharng Chen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: To achieve intact neurological survival is a challange for pediatric cardiac arrest. Here we describe the outcome and identify the factors associated with survival among pediatric patients following extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. Method: Retrospective study of 27 pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during active cardiopulmonary resuscitation-.The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. The secondary outcome was neurological status after ECPR at hospital discharge and late follow-up. Continuous variables were expressed as medians (inter-quartile range) Results: . We identified 27 ECPR events. The survival rate to hospital discharge was 41% (11/27). The non-survivors had higher serum lactate levels (14 [10.2–19.6] mmol/L vs 8.5 [4.4 –12.6] mmol/L, p &lt; 0.01), longer durations of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) (60 [37– 81] minutes vs 45 [25–50] minutes, p &lt; 0.05) with longer activating time for ECMO (12.5 [7.5–33.8] minutes vs 5 [0 –10] minutes, p&lt;0.01),and more renal failure after ECPR (68% 11 / 16 vs 9% 1 / 11 , p &lt; 0.01). By multivariate analysis, the earlier cohort and renal failure after ECPR were independent risk factors for mortality. Among the11 survivors, 10 of them had good neurological outcomes. Conclusions: ECPR successfully rescued some pediatric patients who failed rescue with conventional in-hospital CPR. Good neurological outcomes were achieved in the majority of the survivors. Early cohort and post-ECPR renal failure were associated with poor outcomes. Early activation of the ECMO team could possibly shorten the CPR duration and improve the ECPR results.
Abstract 17697: Direct Physician Reporting Reduces Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterizations
Authors: George T Nicholson, Dennis W Kim, Robert N Vincent, Kevin Gao, Virginia Balfour, Christopher J Petit
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives:  To quantify radiation dose in children undergoing cardiac catheterization and determine the impact of increased reporting transparency on total radiation exposure.   Background:  Cardiac catheterization (cath) can result in significant radiation exposure in children. There is growing interest in quantifying and reducing radiation exposure in pediatric cath procedures. Our center joined a national registry in 2011 which required reporting of radiation exposure. In 2013, our center began participating in a second registry in which physicians directly entered radiation data. No specific educational or interventional radiation measures were taken during the study periods.   Methods/Results:  We reviewed up to 20 cases across 3 time periods in each of 4 categories: post-heart transplant annual cath, unilateral pulmonary artery (PA) stent placement, pre-Fontan cath, and pre-Glenn cath. The 3 Eras were defined as: Era 1, 1/2009 - 1/2011; Era 2, 1/2011 - 9/2013; and Era 3, 9/2013 - 5/2014. In Era 3, the physician performing the cath was responsible for reporting the radiation data. Patients in each case category were matched for age, weight, and body surface area across 3 time periods.  Across the 3 Eras, there were significant decreases in cumulative air KERMA (mGy) among the unilateral PA stent placement (p    Conclusions:  Increased physician awareness of radiation exposure significantly reduces radiation dose across a variety of procedures. This is seen not only by the overall reduction in radiation across case types, but also as the frame rate was more frequently changed during individual cases, indicating a change in physician behavior and practice.