tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Treatment Failure Among Children With Pneumonia
Authors: Daniel J. Shapiro, Matt Hall, Mark I. Neuman, Adam L. Hersh, Jillian M. Cotter, Jonathan D. Cogen, Thomas V. Brogan, Lilliam Ambroggio, Anne J. Blaschke, Susan C. Lipsett, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Todd A. Florin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Although a viral etiology can be detected in most cases of pediatric pneumonia, antibiotic treatment is common. The effectiveness of antibiotics in the outpatient setting for children diagnosed with pneumonia is not known. Objective To compare outcomes among children diagnosed with pneumonia who were and were not treated with oral antibiotics. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study identified Medicaid-insured children and adolescents 17 years or younger diagnosed with pneumonia and discharged from ambulatory settings in a multistate claims database from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019. Propensity score matching was used to mitigate confounding. Data were analyzed from August 31, 2023, to August 16, 2024. Exposures Antibiotic receipt, defined as an oral antibiotic dispensed from a pharmacy on the day of the index visit or on the subsequent day. Children who did not receive antibiotics included those who were not prescribed antibiotics and those who were prescribed antibiotics but did not fill the prescription. Main Outcomes and Measures Treatment failure and severe outcomes within 2 to 14 days after the index visit. Treatment failure included hospitalization or ambulatory revisits for pneumonia, new antibiotic dispensation with a same-day ambulatory visit, or complicated pneumonia. Severe outcomes included hospitalization for pneumonia or complicated pneumonia. Results Among the 103 854 children with pneumonia included in the analysis, the median age was 5 (IQR, 2-9) years, and 54 665 (52.6%) were male. Overall, 20 435 children (19.7%) did not receive an antibiotic within 1 day. The propensity score–matched analysis included 40 454 children (20 227 per group). Treatment failure occurred in 2167 children (10.7%) who did not receive antibiotics and 1766 (8.7%) who received antibiotics (risk difference, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.41-2.56] percentage points). Severe outcomes occurred in 234 of 20 435 children (1.1%) who did not receive antibiotics and in 133 of 83 419 (0.7%) who did (risk difference, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.28-0.64] percentage points). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of children diagnosed with pneumonia in ambulatory settings, almost 20% did not receive antibiotics within a day of diagnosis. Although not receiving antibiotics was associated with a small increase in the risk of treatment failure, severe outcomes were uncommon regardless of whether antibiotics were received. These results suggest that some children diagnosed with pneumonia can likely be managed without antibiotics and highlight the need for prospective studies to identify these children.
N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirator Reuse, Extended Use, and Filtration Efficiency
Authors: Ralph C. Wang, Newton Addo, Nida F. Degesys, Jahan Fahimi, James S. Ford, Efrat Rosenthal, Anna R. Harris, Anna Q. Yaffee, Susan Peterson, Richard E. Rothmann, John DeAngelis, Vaishal Tolia, Manish N. Shah, Thomas B. Stephenson, Sheila J. Nogueira-Prewitt, Katherine N. Yoon, Edward M. Fisher, Maria C. Raven
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study examines the association of reuse of N95 filtering facepiece respirators and N95 filtration efficiency.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury—The Right Questions and the Right Definitions
Authors: Keia R. Sanderson, Shina Menon, Jennifer G. Jetton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Omer S. Ashruf, BS; Zaid Ashruf; Valerie Luyckx, MBBCh, MSc, PhD; David C. Kaelber, MD, PhD, MPH; Sidharth K. Sethi, MD; Rupesh Raina, MD
Venetoclax Dose Escalation Rapidly Activates a BAFF/BCL-2 Survival Axis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Meng-Xiao Luo, Tania Tan, Marie Trussart, Annika Poch, Minh-Hanh Thi Nguyen, Terence P. Speed, Damien G Hicks, Esther Bandala-Sanchez, Hongke Peng, Stephane Chappaz, Charlotte Slade, Daniel T Utzschneider, Rachel M Koldej, David Ritchie, Andreas Strasser, Rachel Thijssen, Matthew E Ritchie, Constantine Si Lun Tam, Geoffrey J Lindeman, David Ching Siang Huang, Thomas E Lew, Mary Ann Anderson, Andrew W Roberts, Charis E Teh, Daniel H D Gray
Journal: Blood (2024)
Second Primary Cancer Risks After Breast Cancer in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Pathogenic Variant Carriers
Authors: Isaac Allen, Hend Hassan, Yvonne Walburga, Catherine Huntley, Lucy Loong, Tameera Rahman, Sophie Allen, Alice Garrett, Bethany Torr, Andrew Bacon, Craig Knott, Sophie Jose, Sally Vernon, Margreet Lüchtenborg, Joanna Pethick, Francesco Santaniello, Shilpi Goel, Ying-Wen Wang, Katrina Lavelle, Fiona McRonald, Diana Eccles, Eva Morris, Steven Hardy, Clare Turnbull, Marc Tischkowitz, Paul Pharoah, Antonis C. Antoniou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE Second primary cancer (SPC) risks after breast cancer (BC) in BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variant (PV) carriers are uncertain. We estimated relative and absolute risks using a novel linkage of genetic testing data to population-scale National Disease Registration Service and Hospital Episode Statistics electronic health records. METHODS We followed 25,811 females and 480 males diagnosed with BC and tested for germline BRCA1/BRCA2 PVs in NHS Clinical Genetics centers in England between 1995 and 2019 until SPC diagnosis, death, migration, contralateral breast/ovarian surgery plus 1 year, or the 31st of December 2020. We estimated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) using English population incidences, hazard ratios (HRs) comparing carriers to noncarriers using Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier 10-year cumulative risks. RESULTS There were 1,840 BRCA1 and 1,750 BRCA2 female PV carriers. Compared with population incidences, BRCA1 carriers had elevated contralateral BC (CBC; SIR, 15.6 [95% CI, 11.8 to 20.2]), ovarian (SIR, 44.0 [95% CI, 31.4 to 59.9]), combined nonbreast/ovarian (SIR, 2.18 [95% CI, 1.59 to 2.92]), colorectal (SIR, 4.80 [95% CI, 2.62 to 8.05]), and endometrial (SIR, 2.92 [95% CI, 1.07 to 6.35]) SPC risks. BRCA2 carriers had elevated CBC (SIR, 7.70 [95% CI, 5.45 to 10.6]), ovarian (SIR, 16.8 [95% CI, 10.3 to 26.0]), pancreatic (SIR, 5.42 [95% CI, 2.09 to 12.5]), and combined nonbreast/ovarian (SIR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.24 to 2.23]) SPC risks. Compared with females without BRCA1/BRCA2 PVs on testing, BRCA1 carriers had elevated CBC (HR, 3.60 [95% CI, 2.65 to 4.90]), ovarian (HR, 33.0 [95% CI, 19.1 to 57.1]), combined nonbreast/ovarian (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.05 to 2.01]), and colorectal (HR, 2.93 [95% CI, 1.53 to 5.62]) SPC risks. BRCA2 carriers had elevated CBC (HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.70 to 3.40]), ovarian (HR, 12.0 [95% CI, 6.70 to 21.5]), and pancreatic (HR, 3.56 [95% CI, 1.34 to 9.48]) SPC risks. Ten-year cumulative CBC, ovarian, and combined nonbreast/ovarian cancer risks were 16%/6.3%/7.8% ( BRCA1 carriers), 12%/3.0%/6.2% ( BRCA2 carriers), and 3.6%/0.4%/4.9% (noncarriers). Male BRCA2 carriers had higher CBC (HR, 13.1 [95% CI, 1.19 to 146]) and prostate (HR, 5.61 [95% CI, 1.96 to 16.0]) SPC risks than noncarriers. CONCLUSION Survivors of BC carrying BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs are at high SPC risk. They may benefit from enhanced surveillance and risk-reduction measures.
Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements
Authors: Javier E Villanueva-Meyer, Spyridon Bakas, Pallavi Tiwari, Janine M Lupo, Evan Calabrese, Christos Davatzikos, Wenya Linda Bi, Marwa Ismail, Hamed Akbari, Philipp Lohmann, Thomas C Booth, Benedikt Wiestler, Hugo J W L Aerts, Ghulam Rasool, Joerg C Tonn, Martha Nowosielski, Rajan Jain, Rivka R Colen, Sarthak Pati, Ujjwal Baid, Philipp Vollmuth, David Macdonald, Michael A Vogelbaum, Susan M Chang, Raymond Y Huang, Norbert Galldiks
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 2: recommendations for standardisation, validation, and good clinical practice
Authors: Spyridon Bakas, Philipp Vollmuth, Norbert Galldiks, Thomas C Booth, Hugo J W L Aerts, Wenya Linda Bi, Benedikt Wiestler, Pallavi Tiwari, Sarthak Pati, Ujjwal Baid, Evan Calabrese, Philipp Lohmann, Martha Nowosielski, Rajan Jain, Rivka Colen, Marwa Ismail, Ghulam Rasool, Janine M Lupo, Hamed Akbari, Joerg C Tonn, David Macdonald, Michael Vogelbaum, Susan M Chang, Christos Davatzikos, Javier E Villanueva-Meyer, Raymond Y Huang
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Camizestrant, a next-generation oral SERD, versus fulvestrant in post-menopausal women with oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (SERENA-2): a multi-dose, open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial
Authors: Mafalda Oliveira, Denys Pominchuk, Zbigniew Nowecki, Erika Hamilton, Yaroslav Kulyaba, Timur Andabekov, Yevhen Hotko, Tamar Melkadze, Gia Nemsadze, Patrick Neven, Vladimir Vladimirov, Claudio Zamagni, Hannelore Denys, Frédéric Forget, Zsolt Horvath, Alfiya Nesterova, Maxine Ajimi, Bistra Kirova, Teresa Klinowska, Justin P O Lindemann, Delphine Lissa, Alastair Mathewson, Christopher J Morrow, Zuzana Traugottova, Ruaan van Zyl, Ekaterine Arkania
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Ischaemic cardiotoxicity of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer in Denmark: a cohort study of real-world data
Authors: Marie Lund, Giulia Corn, Maj-Britt Jensen, Tonny Petersen, Kim Dalhoff, Bent Ejlertsen, Lars Køber, Jan Wohlfahrt, Mads Melbye
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Initiation and continued use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis among pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa (PrEP-PP): a demonstration cohort study
Authors: Dvora Leah Joseph Davey, Rufaro Mvududu, Nyiko Mashele, Kalisha Bheemraj, Nehaa Khadka, Leigh F Johnson, Sarah Schoetz Dean, Pamina Gorbach, Linda-Gail Bekker, Thomas J Coates, Landon Myer
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2024)

When used effectively, oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP; tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine) prevents maternal HIV acquisition and reduces the risk of vertical transmission. Our study aimed to better understand PrEP initiation, continued use, and adherence in pregnant and postpartum women.
Associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with mild dementia: findings from the Mexico City Prospective Study
Authors: Gary O'Donovan, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Gerson Ferrari, Catalina Medina, Carolina Ochoa-Rosales, Olga L L Sarmiento, Agustín Ibáñez
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives To investigate associations of the ‘weekend warrior’ physical activity pattern with mild dementia. Methods Participants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and re-surveyed from 2015 to 2019. Participants were asked about leisure time physical activity at baseline. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed ‘weekend warriors’ and those who exercised more often were termed ‘regularly active’. A Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess mild dementia at re-survey. Cox models were adjusted for age, sex, education, income, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, civil status, sleep, diet and alcohol at baseline. The attributable fraction was defined as the proportion of cases that would not exist if all adults were to exercise once or twice per week or more often. Results The analysis included 10 033 adults of mean (SD) age 51 (10) years followed for 16 (2) years. There were 2400 cases when mild dementia was defined as a score of ≤22 on the MMSE. Compared with the group that reported no sport or exercise, the hazard ratio was 0.75 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.91) in the weekend warrior group, 0.89 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.02) in the regularly active group and 0.84 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.95) in the combined group. The attributable fraction was 13% (95% CI 5% to 21%). Similar results were observed when mild dementia was defined as a score of ≤23 on the MMSE. Conclusions This longitudinal analysis suggests that the weekend warrior physical activity pattern is associated with a reduced risk of mild dementia.
Changes in physical activity and all-cause mortality among individuals with dementia: a cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service Database in Korea
Authors: Kye-Yeung Park, Youn Huh, Ga Eun Nam, Kyungdo Han, Jin-Hyung Jung, Yoon Jeong Cho, Seon Mee Kim, Hwan-Sik Hwang, Yong-Moon Mark Park
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

To examine associations between the amount and changes in regular physical activity (PA) before and after diagnosis of dementia and all-cause mortality risk, and whether these associations differ by PA intensity (light, moderate or vigorous).
Multi-omics Mediated Wide Association Studies: Novel Approaches for Understanding Diseases
Authors: Mengting Shao, Kaiyang Chen, Shuting Zhang, Min Tian, Yan Shen, Chen Cao, Ning Gu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

The rapid development of multiome (transcriptome, proteome, cistrome, imaging, and regulome)-wide association study methods have opened new avenues for biologists to understand the susceptibility genes underlying complex diseases. Thorough comparisons of these methods are essential for selecting the most appropriate tool for a given research objective. This review provides a detailed categorization and summary of the statistical models, use cases, and advantages of recent multiome-wide association studies. In addition, to illustrate gene-disease association studies based on transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we collected 478 disease entries across 22 categories from 235 manually reviewed publications. Our analysis reveals that mental disorders are the most frequently studied diseases by TWAS, indicating its potential to deepen our understanding of the genetic architecture of complex diseases. In summary, this review underscores the importance of multiome-wide association studies in elucidating complex diseases and highlights the significance of selecting the appropriate method for each study.
Cell driven elastomeric particle packing in composite bioinks for engineering and implantation of stable 3D printed structures
Authors: Shira Landau, Jennifer Kieda, Ramak Khosravi, Sargol Okhovatian, Kaitlyn Ramsay, Chuan Liu, Amid Shakeri, Yimu Zhao, Karen Shen, Orit Bar-Am, Shulamit Levenberg, Scott Tsai, Milica Radisic
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)
Cardiopulmonary Effects of Increased Mixed Venous Saturation During Veno-Venous ECMO
Authors: Ajay Kumar Jha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Cardiopulmonary Effects of Increased Mixed Venous Saturation During Veno-Venous ECMO." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnostic Work-Up of Patients With Cardiac Masses
Authors: Francesco Angeli, Francesca Bodega, Luca Bergamaschi, Matteo Armillotta, Sara Amicone, Lisa Canton, Damiano Fedele, Nicole Suma, Daniele Cavallo, Alberto Foà, Marta Belmonte, Vincenzo Russo, Domenico Attinà, Fabio Niro, Rachele Bonfiglioli, Stefano Fanti, Anna Giulia Pavon, Marco Guglielmo, Saima Mushtaq, Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo, Daniele Andreini, Luigi Lovato, Gianluca Pontone, Juan Lopez-Mattei, Pasquale Paolisso, Carmine Pizzi
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2024)
Progressive polyadenylation and m6A modification of Ighg1 mRNA maintain IgG1 antibody homeostasis in antibody-secreting cells
Authors: Yu Wang, Shaocun Zhang, Na Kang, Lihui Dong, Haochen Ni, Sichen Liu, Siankang Chong, Zhenglin Ji, Zhengpeng Wan, Xiangjun Chen, Fei Wang, Yun Lu, Baidong Hou, Pei Tong, Hai Qi, Meng Michelle Xu, Wanli Liu
Journal: Immunity (2024)
Health problems and injury management in adolescent handball: the Safeplay one-season cohort study of 679 players
Authors: Merete Møller, Stian Isaksen Johansen, Grethe Myklebust, Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Sören Möller, Ulla Mikkelsen, Niels Wedderkopp, Martin Lind
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives To assess (1) the 1-year prevalence of previous shoulder, knee and ankle injuries; (2) the in-season prevalence proportion (prevalence) of injuries and illnesses, injury incidence rate (ir) and injury burden (product of ir and weeks with injuries); (3) initial injury management strategies. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 679 highest-division Danish handball players aged 14–18. Players self-reported past-year shoulder, knee and ankle injuries at baseline, and weekly information on any handball-related injuries (irrespective of time loss and medical attention), illnesses, exposure hours and injury management over 31 weeks. Results At baseline, 46% (95% CI 42% to 49%) of the players reported a past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. The weekly average injury and illness prevalence was 21% (95% CI 19% to 23%) and 2% (95% CI 1.7% to 2.3%), respectively, and the ir was 9.4 (95% CI 8.7 to 10.2)/1000 hours. Females experienced the highest injury burden from knee injuries (ir: 1.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 2.2) × 6.7 (95% CI 4.7 to 8.7) weeks with injury/1000 hours), while males experienced the highest injury burden from shoulder injuries (ir: 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7) × 5.7 (95% CI 3.6 to 7.8) weeks with injury/1000 hours). Health professionals were consulted in 58% (95% CI 54% to 62%) of injuries, players independently made the return to sport decision in 44% (95% CI 37% to 51%) of injury recurrences, and used analgesics, mainly (91% (95% CI 85% to 95%)) sourced from home, in 24% (95% CI 21% to 28%) of injuries. Conclusion Almost half of highest-division adolescent Danish handball players reported a previous past-year shoulder, knee or ankle injury. Any time during the season, 21% reported an injury and 2% an illness. The highest injury burdens were from knee injuries in females and shoulder injuries in males. Health professionals often managed injuries, but players frequently made return to sport decisions independently and commonly used analgesics sourced from home.
The co-location of MARCO+ tumor-associated macrophages and CTSE+ tumor cells determined the poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Guangyu Fan, Changcheng Tao, Lin Li, Tongji Xie, Le Tang, Xiaohong Han, Yuankai Shi
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Intra-tumor immune infiltration is a crucial element interacting with tumor cells in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). However, its phenotype and related spatial structure remained elusive. To address these limitations, we undertook a comprehensive study combining spatial data (29,632 spots from six samples) and single-cell data (21,158 cells from 35 samples). We identified two distinct infiltration patterns: macrophage+ (characterized by CD68 and MARCO) and plasma cell+ (characterized by IGHG1 and JCHAIN). The macrophage+ and plasma cell+ signatures showed adverse and favorable roles in ICC patients' survival, respectively. Notably, MARCO+ tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) was recognized as the main cell type in macrophage+ samples, indicating an immune-resistant microenvironment. Increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition activities, angiogenesis, and hypoxia were observed in MARCO+ TAM. The co-location of MARCO+ TAM and CTSE+ tumor cells was observed in spatial transcriptomics and bulk transcriptomics data, validated by multiplex immunofluorescence performed on twenty ICC samples. The co-location area exhibited similar protumorigenic pathways and suppressed immune response. CTSE exhibited associations with intrahepatic metastasis and vascular invasion. Both MARCO+ TAM and CTSE+ tumor cells were associated with worse survival and patients with high infiltration of two cell types displayed the worst survival. Within the co-location area, the galectin signaling pathway was most active in cell-cell communication, with LGALS9-CD44 identified as the main ligand-receptor pair. This study identified macrophage+ and plasma cell+ intra-tumor immune infiltration patterns and the co-location of MARCO+ TAM and CTSE+ tumor cells as contributors to immune resistance.
In vivo selection of hepatocytes
Authors: Anne Vonada, Markus Grompe
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

The liver is a highly regenerative organ capable of significant proliferation and remodeling during homeostasis and injury responses. Experiments of nature in rare genetic diseases have illustrated that healthy hepatocytes may have a selective advantage, outcompete diseased cells, and result in extensive liver replacement. This observation has given rise to the concept of therapeutic liver repopulation by providing an engineered selective advantage to a subpopulation of beneficial hepatocytes. In vivo selection can greatly enhance the efficiency of both gene and cell transplantation therapies for hepatic diseases. In vivo hepatocyte selection has also enabled the expansion of human hepatocytes in animals, creating novel models of human liver disease and biology. Finally, recent work has shown that somatic mutations produce clonal expansion of injury-resistant hepatocytes in most chronic liver diseases. In this review, we will address the role of hepatocyte selection in disease pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies.
Integrating molecular imaging and transcriptomic profiling in advanced HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1): an analysis of the ZEPHIR clinical trial
Authors: Mattia Rediti, Danai Fimereli, Magdalena Mileva, Zéna Wimana, David Venet, Patrick Flamen, Thomas Guiot, Elisabeth G. E. de Vries, Carolina P. Schröder, C. Willemien. Menke-van der Houven van Oordt, Marion Maetens, Samira Majjaj, Denis Larsimont, Françoise Rothé, Christos Sotiriou, Géraldine Gebhart
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

The ZEPHIR clinical trial evaluated the role of [89Zr]trastuzumab-PET/CT (HER2-PET/CT) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET/CT ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) in predicting outcomes in patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1). In this study, we combined molecular/metabolic imaging and transcriptomic data to investigate the biological processes associated with [89Zr]trastuzumab and [18F]FDG uptake and to dissect the mechanisms involved in T-DM1 resistance.
A gut feeling of statin
Authors: Jianqing She, Lizhe Sun, Yue Yu, Heze Fan, Xia Li, Xinyu Zhang, Xiaozhen Zhuo, Manyun Guo, Junhui Liu, Peining Liu, Gulinigaer Tuerhongjiang, Bin Du, Hongbing Li, Jun Yu, Zuyi Yuan, Yue Wu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Statins, known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are widely utilized to reduce blood cholesterol levels and possess pleiotropic effects, including the influence on inflammation and macrophage proliferation. Despite their significant impact in diminishing the incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality, individual responses to statin therapy vary considerably. Understanding this variability is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing adverse effects. The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a critical role in human health and disease. Emerging evidence has linked the gut microbiota to drug metabolism and response, with the potential to modulate the efficacy of statin therapy and its side effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the interaction between the gut microbiota and statins. It discusses how the gut microbiota can influence the therapeutic effects and side effects of statins and examines the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affect statin response and cardiovascular diseases.