tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET Imaging of a Rare Chordoid Meningioma With Intracranial Recurrence and Extracranial Metastases
Authors: Mathew V. Smith, Harrison J. Lang, Kliment Donev, Bernard R. Bendok, Ming Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Chordoid meningiomas, rare meningioma variants, are characterized by their histopathological features and clinical behavior resembling that of other chondroid/myxoid neoplasms. We present a case of pathology-proven chordoid meningioma imaged with both 68 Ga-DOTATATE and 18 F-FDG PET images during a complicated postoperative course with multiple episodes of local recurrence and, ultimately, extracranial metastasis. This case underscores the aggressive behavior of chordoid meningiomas while highlighting how molecular imaging plays an important role in clinical monitoring and guidance of management.
Favorable Response of 225Ac-PSMA in the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With High Bone Metastasis Burden
Authors: Yudi Wang, Qingchu Hua, Yu Zhang, Wei Wang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

225 Ac-PSMA treatment demonstrated low hematologic toxicity for prostate cancer with diffuse red marrow infiltration. A 70-year-old man with diffuse bone metastases of castration-resistant prostate cancer received 225 Ac-PSMA radiation therapy. After 1 treatment cycle, the patient's skeletal lesions demonstrated a significant response and a significant decrease in PSA. 225 Ac-PSMA may be a promising therapeutic option for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients with high bone metastatic burden.
In Search of the Mechanism of APOL1 Kidney Disease
Authors: David J. Friedman, Martin R. Pollak
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, Boston, MA. 2Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 3Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA. aAddress correspondence to David J. Friedman at [email protected]
Temporal trends in lifetime risks of atrial fibrillation and its complications between 2000 and 2022: Danish, nationwide, population based cohort study
Authors: Nicklas Vinter, Pia Cordsen, Søren Paaske Johnsen, Laila Staerk, Emelia J Benjamin, Lars Frost, Ludovic Trinquart
Journal: BMJ (2024)

To examine how the lifetime risks of atrial fibrillation and of complications after atrial fibrillation changed over time.
Encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries in drug discovery: The coming of age from biology to therapy
Authors: Yu Fan, Ruibing Feng, Xinya Zhang, Zhen-Liang Wang, Feng Xiong, Shuihua Zhang, Zhang-Feng Zhong, Hua Yu, Qing-Wen Zhang, Zhang Zhang, Yitao Wang, Guodong Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Drug discovery is a sophisticated process that incorporates scientific innovations and cutting-edge technologies. Compared to traditional bioactivity-based screening methods, encoding and display technologies for combinatorial libraries have recently advanced from proof-of-principle experiments to promising tools for pharmaceutical hit discovery due to their high screening efficiency, throughput, and resource minimization. This review systematically summarizes the development history, typology, and prospective applications of encoding and displayed technologies, including phage display, ribosomal display, mRNA display, yeast cell display, one-bead one-compound, DNA-encoded, peptide nucleic acid-encoded, and new peptide-encoded technologies, and examples of preclinical and clinical translation. We discuss the progress of novel targeted therapeutic agents, covering a spectrum from small-molecule inhibitors and nonpeptidic macrocycles to linear, monocyclic, and bicyclic peptides, in addition to antibodies. We also address the pending challenges and future prospects of drug discovery, including the size of screening libraries, advantages and disadvantages of the technology, clinical translational potential, and market space. This review is intended to establish a comprehensive high-throughput drug discovery strategy for scientific researchers and clinical drug developers.
Association of Park Renovation With Park Use in New York City
Authors: Hanish P. Kodali, Katarzyna E. Wyka, Sergio A. Costa, Kelly R. Evenson, Lorna E. Thorpe, Terry T.-K. Huang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Equity-driven citywide park redesign and renovation, such as the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), has the potential to increase park use and opportunities for physical activity in underserved communities. Objective To evaluate changes in patterns of park use following park redesign and renovation in low-income New York City (NYC) neighborhoods. Design, Setting, and Participants The Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces study was a prospective quality improvement preintervention-postintervention study design with matched control parks. Thirty-three intervention and 21 control neighborhood parks were selected based on specific criteria related to poverty rates, population growth, and population density in park neighborhoods and not having received more than $250 000 in investment in the past 2 decades. Data were collected at baseline (prerenovation) and 2 follow-up points (3 months and 1 year post renovation) between June 5 and December 4 from 2016 to 2022. Participants were individuals observed as users of study parks. Intervention The CPI, which involved the redesign and renovation of neighborhood parks by the municipal government of New York City. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes encompassed park use and physical activity levels assessed using the well-validated System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Park use was quantified by total number of park users, categorized by age group (≤20 years vs ≥21 years), sex, and physical activity level (sitting or standing vs walking or vigorous activity). Changes in outcomes between groups were compared via the generalized estimation equation. Results A total of 28 322 park users were observed across 1458 scans. At baseline, 6343 of 10 633 users (59.7%) were 20 years or younger, 4927 of 10 632 (46.3%) were female and 5705 (53.7%) were male, and 4641 of 10 605 (43.8%) were sitting or standing. Intervention parks showed more net park users compared with control parks from baseline to the final follow-up (difference-in-difference relative rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.22-2.35] users/scan; P = .002). The association was driven by a significant increase in adult users at intervention parks and overall decrease in all users at control parks. Park users engaging in sitting or standing at intervention parks increased (difference, 4.68 [95% CI, 1.71-7.62] users/scan; P = .002) and park users engaging in walking or vigorous physical activity at control parks decreased (difference, −7.30 [95% CI, −10.80 to −4.26] users/scan; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) over time. Conclusions and Relevance In this quality improvement study, park redesign and renovation were positively associated with park use in low-income neighborhoods. However, park renovations may need to be accompanied by other programmatic strategies to increase physical activity.
Green Space and Internalizing or Externalizing Symptoms Among Children
Authors: Nissa Towe-Goodman, Kristen L. McArthur, Michael Willoughby, Margaret M. Swingler, Cara Wychgram, Allan C. Just, Itai Kloog, Deborah H. Bennett, Daniel Berry, Marnie F. Hazlehurst, Peter James, Marcia Pescador Jimenez, Jin-Shei Lai, Leslie D. Leve, Lisa Gatzke-Kopp, Julie B. Schweitzer, Traci A. Bekelman, Catrina Calub, Susan Carnell, Sean Deoni, Viren D’Sa, Carrie Kelly, Daphne Koinis-Mitchell, Michael Petriello, Gita Thapaliya, Rosalind J. Wright, Xueying Zhang, Amii M. Kress, P Brian Smith, L Kristen Newby, Lisa P Jacobson, Diane J Catellier, Richard C Gershon, David Cella, Dana Dabelea, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Caherine J Karr, Frances Tylavsky, Alex Mason, Qi Zhao, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Nicole Bush, Kaja Z LeWinn, Jody M Ganiban, Jenae M Neiderhiser, Jean Kerver, Charles Barone, Chris Fussman, Nigel Paneth, Michael R Elliott, Douglas M. Ruden, Rosalind J Wright, Michelle Bosquet-Enlow, Leonardo Trasande, Ruby HN Nguyen, Emily S Barrett, Emily Oken, Robert O Wright, Sean CL Deoni, Daphne M Koinis-Mitchell, Manish Arora, Lianne (Elizabeth A) Sheppard, Shanna H Swan, James Cajka, Clancy Blair, W. Benjamin Goodman
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Evidence suggests that living near green space supports mental health, but studies examining the association of green space with early mental health symptoms among children are rare.
Health Insurance Mandates for Nonpharmacological Pain Treatments in 7 US States
Authors: Taylor Nadine Onstott, Samantha Hurst, Richard Kronick, An-Chi Tsou, Erik Groessl, Sara B. McMenamin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines the extent to which states have introduced or enacted mandates for coverage of nonpharmacological pain treatments and characterizes the variation in such mandates.
Oral Minoxidil vs Topical Minoxidil for Male Androgenetic Alopecia
Authors: Mariana Alvares Penha, Hélio Amante Miot, Michal Kasprzak, Paulo Müller Ramos
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

There has been increased interest in low-dose oral minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) treatment. However, the efficacy of oral minoxidil for male AGA is yet to be evaluated in comparative therapeutic trials.
Automated CT Analysis of Body Composition as a Frailty Biomarker in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Ijeamaka Anyene Fumagalli, Sidney T. Le, Peter D. Peng, Patricia Kipnis, Vincent X. Liu, Bette Caan, Vincent Chow, Mirza Faisal Beg, Karteek Popuri, Elizabeth M. Cespedes Feliciano
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Prior studies demonstrated consistent associations of low skeletal muscle mass assessed on surgical planning scans with postoperative morbidity and mortality. The increasing availability of imaging artificial intelligence enables development of more comprehensive imaging biomarkers to objectively phenotype frailty in surgical patients.
Extracorporeal Shockwave for Intermittent Claudication and Quality of Life
Authors: Paris Cai, Sean Pymer, Said Ibeggazene, Ali Raza, Louise Hitchman, Ian Chetter, George Smith
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Importance Intermittent lower limb claudication limits function and quality of life. Supervised exercise programs are not readily available, and a noninvasive alternative is needed. Objective To assess extracorporeal corporeal shockwave therapy in improving quality of life in patients with claudication. Design, Setting, and Participants In this double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, patients in the outpatient setting at a single tertiary center for vascular surgery were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to extracorporeal shockwave therapy or placebo therapy with no shockwaves delivered. Recruitment was between June 2015 and January 2020, with 12-week follow-up ending in March 2020. A convenience sample of patients with claudication and conservative treatment requirements who refused or were unable to participate in supervised exercise were eligible. Patients receiving anticoagulation therapy or with an active cancer were excluded. Of 522 patients screened, 389 were eligible, 138 were enrolled, and 110 completed follow-up and were included in the primary analysis. Statistical analysis was completed by May 2021. Intervention In the intervention group, patients received 100 impulses of 0.1mJ/mm/cm 2 in an area of the gastrocnemius muscle 3 times weekly for 3 weeks. The steps for treatment were replicated for the control group without delivering the treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the Physical Functioning domain of the 36-item Short-Form Quality of Life Questionnaire at 12-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes included walking distances, ankle brachial pressure index, and other quality-of-life measures. Results Of 138 patients recruited and randomized, 92 (67%) were male, and the mean (SD) age of the study population was 67 (9.6) years. The intervention group had a significantly higher physical function score at 12 weeks (estimated median difference 3.8; 95% CI, 0.0-7.7; P = .03). However, this significance did not remain when adjusting for covariates. At 12 weeks, the intervention group had significantly longer pain-free and maximum walking distances (pain-free estimated median difference, 34.1, 95% CI, 11.4-56.8; P = .004; maximum estimated median difference, 51.4; 95% CI, 10.7-86.5; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance To our knowledge, this is the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial to consider extracorporeal shockwave therapy for the management of intermittent claudication. It demonstrated efficacy for walking distances, may have a positive effect on quality of life, and may provide a safe, noninvasive alternative therapy for patients with intermittent claudication. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02652078
Treating Bipolar Depression Using Psilocybin—Validity Threats Regarding Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Eiko Fried, Ioana Cristea, Florian Naudet
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

To the Editor According to the study protocol, the recently published study by Aaronson et al1 was carried out "to assess effectiveness of 25 mg of psilocybin in [15] patients with treatment-resistant type 2 bipolar depression." We see 3 concerns.
MUSSEL: Enhanced Bayesian polygenic risk prediction leveraging information across multiple ancestry groups
Authors: Jin Jin, Jianan Zhan, Jingning Zhang, Ruzhang Zhao, Jared O’Connell, Yunxuan Jiang, Stella Aslibekyan, Adam Auton, Elizabeth Babalola, Robert K. Bell, Jessica Bielenberg, Katarzyna Bryc, Emily Bullis, Daniella Coker, Gabriel Cuellar Partida, Devika Dhamija, Sayantan Das, Sarah L. Elson, Nicholas Eriksson, Teresa Filshtein, Alison Fitch, Kipper Fletez-Brant, Pierre Fontanillas, Will Freyman, Julie M. Granka, Karl Heilbron, Alejandro Hernandez, Barry Hicks, David A. Hinds, Ethan M. Jewett, Yunxuan Jiang, Katelyn Kukar, Alan Kwong, Keng-Han Lin, Bianca A. Llamas, Maya Lowe, Jey C. McCreight, Matthew H. McIntyre, Steven J. Micheletti, Meghan E. Moreno, Priyanka Nandakumar, Dominique T. Nguyen, Elizabeth S. Noblin, Jared O’Connell, Aaron A. Petrakovitz, G. David Poznik, Alexandra Reynoso, Morgan Schumacher, Anjali J. Shastri, Janie F. Shelton, Jingchunzi Shi, Suyash Shringarpure, Qiaojuan Jane Su, Susana A. Tat, Christophe Toukam Tchakouté, Vinh Tran, Joyce Y. Tung, Xin Wang, Wei Wang, Catherine H. Weldon, Peter Wilton, Corinna D. Wong, Steven Buyske, Christopher Gignoux, Christopher Haiman, Eimear E. Kenny, Charles Kooperberg, Kari North, Bertram L. Koelsch, Genevieve Wojcik, Haoyu Zhang, Nilanjan Chatterjee
Journal: Cell Genomics (2024)

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are now showing promising predictive performance on a wide variety of complex traits and diseases, but there exists a substantial performance gap across populations. We propose MUSSEL, a method for ancestry-specific polygenic prediction that borrows information in summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) across multiple ancestry groups via Bayesian hierarchical modeling and ensemble learning. In our simulation studies and data analyses across four distinct studies, totaling 5.7 million participants with a substantial ancestral diversity, MUSSEL shows promising performance compared to alternatives. For example, MUSSEL has an average gain in prediction R
Guselkumab for Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris and Dysregulation of IL-23/IL-17 and NFkB Signaling
Authors: Rose C. Velasco, Connie Shao, Brett Cutler, Jennifer Strunck, Gail Kent, Pamela B. Cassidy, Keith Choate, Teri M. Greiling
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

There is no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), and it is common for patients to fail to experience improvement with several systemic options. Involvement of interleukin (IL) 23 suggests a potential therapeutic target.
Informed Consent to Psychedelic Treatment—A Work in Progress
Authors: Paul S. Appelbaum
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

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Interstitial macrophages are a focus of viral takeover and inflammation in COVID-19 initiation in human lung
Authors: Timothy Ting-Hsuan Wu, Kyle J. Travaglini, Arjun Rustagi, Duo Xu, Yue Zhang, Leonid Andronov, SoRi Jang, Astrid Gillich, Roozbeh Dehghannasiri, Giovanny J. Martínez-Colón, Aimee Beck, Daniel Dan Liu, Aaron J. Wilk, Maurizio Morri, Winston L. Trope, Rob Bierman, Irving L. Weissman, Joseph B. Shrager, Stephen R. Quake, Christin S. Kuo, Julia Salzman, W.E. Moerner, Peter S. Kim, Catherine A. Blish, Mark A. Krasnow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Early stages of deadly respiratory diseases including COVID-19 are challenging to elucidate in humans. Here, we define cellular tropism and transcriptomic effects of SARS-CoV-2 virus by productively infecting healthy human lung tissue and using scRNA-seq to reconstruct the transcriptional program in “infection pseudotime” for individual lung cell types. SARS-CoV-2 predominantly infected activated interstitial macrophages (IMs), which can accumulate thousands of viral RNA molecules, taking over 60% of the cell transcriptome and forming dense viral RNA bodies while inducing host profibrotic (TGFB1, SPP1) and inflammatory (early interferon response, CCL2/7/8/13, CXCL10, and IL6/10) programs and destroying host cell architecture. Infected alveolar macrophages (AMs) showed none of these extreme responses. Spike-dependent viral entry into AMs used ACE2 and Sialoadhesin/CD169, whereas IM entry used DC-SIGN/CD209. These results identify activated IMs as a prominent site of viral takeover, the focus of inflammation and fibrosis, and suggest targeting CD209 to prevent early pathology in COVID-19 pneumonia. This approach can be generalized to any human lung infection and to evaluate therapeutics.
Sounding the alarm in the lung with TL1A
Authors: Silvia Pires, Randy S. Longman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Environmental airborne antigens are central to the development of allergic asthma, but the cellular processes that trigger disease remain incompletely understood. In this report, Schmitt et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20231236) identify TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A) as an epithelial alarmin constitutively expressed by a subset of lung epithelial cells, which is released in response to airborne microbial challenge and synergizes with IL-33 to drive allergic disease.
Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumor Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma on 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT
Authors: Haibo Wu, Lingdan Lu, Aisheng Dong, Yan Han
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Juxtaglomerular cell tumor or reninoma is an extremely rare, typically benign, renin-secreting tumor of the kidney that causes secondary hypertension. We describe 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT findings in a case of juxtaglomerular cell tumor. The renal tumor showed isodensity and photopenia on 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT. This case indicates that juxtaglomerular cell tumor can appear cold on 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT, mimicking renal cell carcinoma.
Intense 68Ga-OncoFAP Uptake as a New Promising Diagnostic Biomarker in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: David Ventura, Michael Schäfers, Ali Yilmaz, Lars Eckardt, Dennis Korthals
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 72-year-old man revealed typical findings of cardiac sarcoidosis on cardiovascular MRI. However, 18 F-FDG PET showed no hypermetabolism. Therefore, immunosuppression was not initiated. After 2 years, ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure worsened. 68 Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET was initiated to evaluate potential adverse remodeling due to progressive myocardial fibrosis. A second 18 F-FDG PET still revealed no hypermetabolism, and the patient received an implanted cardioverter defibrillator after electrophysiological risk stratification. We present a case of intense fibroblast activation despite a missing 18 F-FDG uptake (mismatch).
Ablative Radioembolization (SIRT) of a Large Inoperable Renal Cell Carcinoma Invading the Liver That Resulted in Hematuria Control and Complete Necrosis by mRECIST Criteria
Authors: Ioannis Spyridonidis, Platon Dimopoulos, Trifon Spyridonidis, Athina Christopoulou, Konstantinos Katsanos
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We report the successful application of radioembolization (SIRT) in a 77-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis and repeated episodes of macroscopic hematuria due to a large renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney extending to liver segment VI. A compassionate SIRT therapy was performed with resin microspheres through the upper pole renal artery and the feeding segmental artery of liver segment VI. Hematuria was resolved after treatment, and 4 months later, a follow-up CT scan revealed tumor size reduction and complete tumor necrosis (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria). Ablative SIRT therapy could be a safe and efficient option in a large inoperable RCC.
SMARCA4-Deficient Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder
Authors: Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Junichi Matsubara, Manabu Muto, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 64-year-old woman presented with chest pain while eating and was referred to our hospital. Physical examination revealed abdominal distension, tenderness, and lower-extremity edema. Imaging revealed a large gallbladder tumor infiltrating the liver, with ascites and pleural effusion. A biopsy confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with SMARCA4 deficiency (cT3N2M1, cStage IV). Chemotherapy was ineffective and led to tumor progression. The patient died 9 months later. Recently, attention has been paid to SMARCA4 deficiency, which is a genetic mutation found in tumors. Here, we report on poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas of the gallbladder based on imaging findings, including FDG PET.
Diagnostic Role of FDG PET/CT in Pediatric Patients With Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Yanfeng Xu, Guanyun Wang, Yu Wang, Wei Wang, Ying Kan, Jigang Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), or chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis, is difficult to diagnose. The accurate diagnosis of CRMO relies on comprehensive imaging examinations because of its multifocal nature. In this regard, 18 F-FDG PET/CT has demonstrated significant utility in inflammatory diseases. This study tries to determine the value of FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of CRMO.
Severity of Airflow Obstruction Based on FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC vs FEV<sub>1</sub>% of Predicted in the General US Population
Authors: Helena Backman, Lowie E G W Vanfleteren, David M. Mannino, Magnus Ekström
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

According to GOLD, the ratio of FEV