tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental and Physical Health-Related Risk Factors Among Females Who Died by Firearm Suicide
Authors: Laura C. Prater, Pejmon Noghrehchi, Ning Duan, Julian Takagi-Stewart, Stephen J. Mooney, Jennifer L. Hefner, Evan V. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Firearm suicide among females has increased in the past decade; routes for prevention remain unclear. Objective To identify classes of firearm suicide decedents among females based on preceding mental and physical health-related risk factors for suicide. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional retrospective study of females who died by firearm suicide between January 2014 and December 2018 used state-based surveillance data from the National Violent Death Reporting System Restricted Access Database representing 1 or more years of data from all 50 US states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico; data were analyzed from March 2022 to September 2023. A latent class analysis was used to identify and characterize categories of mental and physical health-related factors among females (ie, classes). Exposure Known mental and physical health-related risk factors for suicide. Main Outcome and Measure The numbers (percentages) of females who died by firearm suicide across various factors. Results Of the 8318 female decedents in our sample (mean [SD] age, 47.2 [17.0] years), more than half (4816 of 8318 [57.9%]) had more than 1 risk factor endorsed. Among this subgroup, a 4-class model was identified: (1) alcohol use disorder or substance use disorder (1273 [26.4%]); (2) depression and suicidal thoughts (2289 [47.5%]); (3) physical health problems and pain (1054 [21.9%]); and (4) all conditions (multimorbid; 200 [4.2%]); 3502 (42.1%) could not be classified. Black females made up a higher proportion (244 of 3502 [7.0%]) of the females with a 0 or 1 risk factor endorsed than of the females with multiple risk factors (184 of 4816 [3.8%]). Mental health problems were apparent in 51.7% of the full sample (4303 of 8318), with 28.6% (n = 2376) demonstrating evidence of mental health treatment. More than one-fifth (1766 of 8318 [21.2%]) had physical health problems. More than one-fourth of the full sample (2239 of 8318 [26.9%]) and nearly 40% (505 of 1273 [39.7%]) in class 1 had intimate partner problems before their death. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of females who died by firearm suicide, meaningfully distinct groups of female firearm suicide decedents were identified. Given the high proportion of females without mental health and physical health problems, it is plausible that many female firearm suicide decedents did not frequently intersect with the health care system before their death. Results suggest opportunities for preventing firearm suicide among females through nonmedical care settings.
Self- and Informant-Report Cognitive Decline Discordance and Mild Cognitive Impairment Diagnosis
Authors: Anna Aaronson, Adam Diaz, Miriam T. Ashford, Chengshi Jin, Rachana Tank, Melanie J. Miller, Jae Myeong Kang, Manchumad Manjavong, Bernard Landavazo, Joseph Eichenbaum, Diana Truran, Monica R. Camacho, Juliet Fockler, Derek Flenniken, Patrizia Vannini, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias, R. Scott Mackin, Michael W. Weiner, Rachel L. Nosheny
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Subjective report of cognitive and functional decline from participant–study partner dyads can efficiently assess risk of cognitive impairment and clinical progression. Accuracy of self-report subjective cognitive decline may be limited by lack of awareness about one’s own cognitive abilities in adults with MCI and dementia, and the extent to which discordance between self- and study partner–report is associated with diagnosis of cognitive impairment is unknown. Objective To investigate the association between discordance between self- and study partner–reported cognitive and/or functional decline and MCI diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants This multisite, cross-sectional study used baseline data from 2 longitudinal, observational studies. A total of 921 participant–study partner dyads enrolled in the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) from December 2016 to July 2022, and 279 dyads enrolled in the Brain Health Registry Electronic Validation of Online Methods Study (eVAL) from January 2020 to July 2023 were included. Exposures Participants and study partners completed the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog). Participants completed a demographics survey and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS). Main Outcomes and Measures The model selection procedure in ADNI identified variables, which were included in a model that was externally validated in the eVAL cohort. The primary outcome was MCI vs cognitively unimpaired (CU) among participants. Results ADNI participants (921 dyads) had a mean (SD) age of 71 (7) years and mean (SD) of 17 (3) years of education; 485 (53%) were female, 30 (3%) were Asian, 105 (11%) were Black, and 756 (82%) were White. eVAL participants (279 dyads) had a mean (SD) age of 71 (8) years and mean (SD) of 17 (2) years of education; 151 (54%) were female, 17 (6%) were Asian, 12 (4%) were Black, and 245 (88%) were White. The model distinguished CU vs MCI in the validation cohort with an area under the curve of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.88-0.96), sensitivity of 0.50 (95% CI, 0.49-0.80), and specificity of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95-0.99) based on a regression model. The model included 4 discordance metrics, participant demographics (gender, age, and education), study partner demographics (gender and cohabitation), and depressive symptoms (GDS score). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of 1200 dyads, measures of ECog score discordance helped distinguish CU from MCI individuals with high specificity. Participant and study partner agreement on lack of observed changes in the participant was associated with lower likelihood of MCI, highlighting the value of dyadic discordance metrics for ruling out MCI in diverse settings.
Associations between maternal urinary metabolite concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds and child neurocognitive development at two years of age
Authors: Xi Qian, Yanjian Wan, Juxiao Li, Gaga Mahai, Aizhen Wang, Yan Wang, Jiaolong Ma, Yuanyuan Li, Shunqing Xu, Wei Xia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Neurotoxicity of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been documented in animal studies, but related epidemiological investigations are very limited; particularly, those based on biomonitoring data are not available yet. This study aimed to evaluate the trimester-specific association between maternal urinary concentrations of multiple VOC metabolites (mVOCs) and child neurodevelopment. Twenty mVOCs were measured in urine samples repeatedly collected at the first, second, and third trimesters from 1,023 pregnant women in Wuhan, China. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Chinese Revision) was used to assess children's neurocognitive development at two years old. General linear models and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the associations of individual urinary mVOC concentrations with children's neurodevelopment. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to evaluate the effect of the mVOC mixture on children's neurodevelopment. Risk assessment showed that the average hazard quotients of cyanide, 1,3-butadiene, and acrolein during pregnancy exceeded the recommended safety thresholds in more than 90% women. Higher urinary concentration of 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA, metabolite of cyanide) was associated with lower child mental development index (MDI) score, and the association was significant at the first trimester among males. Each interquartile ratio-fold increase in the urinary concentration of ATCA at the first trimester was associated with a decrease of 4.25 points (95% confidence interval: -6.57, -1.94) in males' MDI score. Additionally, WQS regression and BKMR analyses suggested that the mVOC mixture was significantly associated with lower MDI in males, and the association was mainly driven by ATCA. Exposure to cyanide at environmentally relevant doses may impact neurodevelopment, particularly among males. Early pregnancy appeared to be the sensitive window of the exposure. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Corresponding measures need to be taken to reduce gestational exposure to cyanide. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15539.
Myeloperoxidase impacts vascular function by altering perivascular adipocytes’ secretome and phenotype in obesity
Authors: Alexander Hof, Max Landerer, Philipp Peitsmeyer, Ronja Herzog, Jens Alber, Maysam Ahdab, Felix Sebastian Nettersheim, Dennis Mehrkens, Simon Geißen, Simon Braumann, Henning Guthoff, Philipp von Stein, Harshal Nemade, Felix Simon Ruben Picard, Ramona Braun, Friedrich Felix Hoyer, Jens Claus Brüning, Alexander Pfeifer, Staffan Hildebrand, Holger Winkels, Stephan Baldus, Matti Adam, Jasper Schäkel, Martin Mollenhauer
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Obesity, a main driver of cardiovascular morbidity, contributes to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in adipose tissues. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds arteries and influences vascular function. In obesity, immune cells, including myeloperoxidase (MPO)-releasing myeloid cells, accumulate in PVAT. In this study, we show MPO levels to correlate with body weight and endothelial function in obese patients (n = 33) and mice. In addition, MPO deficiency reduces immune cell frequency, enhances PVAT beiging via soluble guanylyl cyclase β1 (sGC-β1), and increases oxygen consumption in vivo. Further, nitrotyrosine formation and inflammatory cytokine release are attenuated in obese Mpo-/- mice. Mechanistically, adiponectin (APN) secretion improves endothelial function and reduces arterial stiffness. In vitro, MPO-treated human white adipocytes show lower APN and brown adipocyte marker expression but increased inflammation. Thus, MPO impairs vascular function via PVAT inflammation and suppression of vasoprotective mediators, making it a potential therapeutic target in obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
Anatomically resolved oscillatory bursts reveal dynamic motifs of thalamocortical activity during naturalistic stimulus viewing
Authors: Lukas Sebastian Meyerolbersleben, Anton Sirota, Laura Busse
Journal: Neuron (2025)

Natural vision requires circuit mechanisms which process complex spatiotemporal stimulus features in parallel. In the mammalian forebrain, one signature of circuit activation is fast oscillatory dynamics, reflected in the local field potential (LFP). Using data from the Allen Neuropixels Visual Coding project, we show that local visual features in naturalistic stimuli induce in mouse primary visual cortex (V1) retinotopically specific oscillations in various frequency bands and V1 layers. Specifically, layer 4 (L4) narrowband gamma was linked to luminance, low-gamma to optic flow, and L4/L5 epsilon oscillations to contrast. These feature-specific oscillations were associated with distinct translaminar spike-phase coupling patterns, which were conserved across a range of stimuli containing the relevant visual features, suggesting that they might constitute feature-specific circuit motifs. Our findings highlight visually induced fast oscillations as markers of dynamic circuit motifs, which may support differential and multiplexed coding of complex visual input and thalamocortical information propagation.
Endothelin‐1 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Prurigo Nodularis by Promoting <scp>NGF</scp> Expression via Endothelial Receptor B in Epidermal Keratinocytes and Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells
Authors: Lai‐San Wong, Jenq‐Lin Yang, Yu‐Ta Yen, Chih‐Hung Lee, Jen‐Hau Yang
Journal: Allergy (2025)
Imine Crosslinked, Injectable, and Self‐Healing Fucoidan Hydrogel with Immunomodulatory Properties
Authors: Asma Talib Qureshi, Shajia Afrin, Saad Asim, Muhammad Rizwan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Biomaterials with inherent anti‐inflammatory properties and the ability to foster a pro‐regenerative environment hold significant promise for enhancing cell transplantation and tissue regeneration. Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide with well‐documented immune‐regulatory and antioxidant capabilities, offers strong potential for creating such biomaterials. Yet, there is a lack of engineered fucoidan hydrogels that are injectable and provide tunable physicochemical properties. In this study, the ability of fucoidan to undergo periodate‐mediated oxidation is leveraged to introduce aldehydes into backbone (oxidized fucoidan, OFu), enabling the formation of reversible, imine‐crosslinks with amine‐containing molecules such as gelatin. The imine‐crosslinked OFu‐gelatin hydrogel provided excellent control over gelation rate and mechanical properties. Counter‐intuitively, OFu‐gelatin hydrogel exhibited excellent long‐term stability (≥28 days), even though imine crosslinks are known to be relatively less stable. Moreover, the OFu‐gelatin hydrogels are self‐healing, injectable, and biocompatible, supporting cell culture and encapsulation. Furthermore, fucoidan hydrogels displayed immune‐modulatory properties both in vitro and in vivo. This innovative injectable fucoidan hydrogel presents a versatile platform for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Depletion of effector regulatory T cells associates with major response to induction dual immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Xianli Jiang, Nils-Petter Rudqvist, Bo Jiang, Shengbin Ye, Shan He, Qingnan Liang, Jinzhuang Dou, Michelle D. Williams, Joe Dan. Dunn, Jason M. Johnson, Keiko Akagi, Weihong Xiao, Shaoheng Liang, Satvik Elayavalli, Baohua Sun, Edwin R. Parra, Renata Ferrarotto, Adam S. Garden, Clifton David. Fuller, Jay Reddy, Neil D. Gross, Miriam N. Lango, Cheuk Hong Leung, Suyu Liu, Diane D. Liu, Meng Li, J. Jack Lee, Michael A. Curran, Jack Phan, Ken Chen, Maura L. Gillison
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Abstract In a phase 2 trial, local-regionally advanced HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma patients (N = 35) received ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) as induction immunotherapy and concurrently with radiotherapy (NCT03799445). Co-primary endpoints included 6-month complete metabolic response rate (94%) and 2-year progression-free survival (84%). Induction yielded a 46% major histopathologic response rate. Single-cell profiling revealed responders had higher baseline intratumoral CD8+ T cells with a tumor-reactive, tissue-resident memory (TRM) phenotype and a treatment-related decrease in effector regulatory T (eTreg) cells. The eTreg decrease correlated with CD8+ T-cell clonotype transitioning from TRM to effector memory and IFNG+ effector cells. In nonresponders, clonotypes transitioned to exhausted TRM and proliferating cells. Multivariable regression modeling determined the baseline feature most associated with reduction in tumor viability was the proportion of FCGR3A-expressing NK cells, which are capable of ipilimumab-dependent depletion of CTLA4high eTregs. eTreg depletion may be critical for major response to induction dual immune checkpoint blockade.
Transient intracellular expression of PD-L1 and VEGFR2 bispecific nanobody in cancer cells inspires long-term T cell activation and infiltration to combat tumor and inhibit cancer metastasis
Authors: Lei Zhang, Yunfeng Lin, Li Hu, Yanan Wang, Chaohua Hu, Xinyi Shangguan, Shuzhi Tang, Jincan Chen, Ping Hu, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Zun-Fu Ke, Zhuo Chen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

PD-L1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, and VEGFR2, essential for cancer metastasis, play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis. However, their miniature bispecific intracellular nanobodies for combining check-point blockade and anti-metastasis anticancer therapy remain underexplored. The intrabodies were developed using gene cloning technology. Specificity of the intrabodies was testified using Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis, antibody competitive binding assay, flow cytometry analysis, etc. Checkpoint blockade was demonstrated using antibody-antigen competitive binding assay. Cancer cell migration was determined using scratch assay. Combined anti-cancer therapeutic efficacy of FAP1V2 was determined in vivo of mice models. The PD-1hi immune cells, TCR βhi and CD25hi T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and cancer cell metastasis was performed using immune-fluorescence analysis on lung and liver tissues. Transcriptome analysis was performed to explore signaling pathways associated with the enhanced anticancer efficiency. Bispecific intrabody FAP1V2 fused with antibody VH regions, was successfully developed and verified with its ability to target and block human and mouse PD-L1 and VEGFR2, inhibiting cancer cell binding to PD-1 and reducing their migratory capacity. Compared to the other treatment, two-rounds of transient FAP1V2 expression in LLC cells in experimental mice models achieved remarkable tumor inhibition, which brought about complete immune inhibition on growth of secondary-round of LLC tumor in 1/6 of the tested mice, inspired long-term activation of TCR βhi T cells and increased their infiltration to tumors, inhibited the emergence of PD-1hi immune cells, indicating prevented T cell depletion. The elevated CD25 expression also supported the success in enhancing immune response reported by elevated T cell activity in spleen. Transcriptome analysis identified critical intracellular pathways regulated by the concurrent blockade of PD-L1 and VEGFR2. PD-L1 and VEGFR2- bispecific VH intracellular nanobody was highly biocompatible and showed the potential for combined anti-cancer therapy through long-term immune activation mediated by PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade and anti-metastasis mediated by VEGFR2 blockade.
Retraction Note: Dclk1, a tumor stem cell marker, regulates pro-survival signaling and self-renewal of intestinal tumor cells
Authors: Parthasarathy Chandrakesan, Jiannan Yao, Dongfeng Qu, Randal May, Nathaniel Weygant, Yang Ge, Naushad Ali, Sripathi M Sureban, Modhi Gude, Kenneth Vega, Eddie Bannerman-Menson, Lijun Xia, Michael Bronze, Guangyu An, Courtney W Houchen
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)
PARP inhibition elicits NK cell-associated immune evasion via potentiating HLA-G expression in tumor
Authors: Siyuan Wang, Yu Xia, Yiyu Qian, Wen Pan, Pu Huang, Ning Jin, Xin Li, Cheng Xu, Dan Liu, Guangnian Zhao, Yong Fang, Christophe Nicot, Qinglei Gao
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2025)
Successful treatment and secondary prophylaxis with pritelivir for a recurrent multi-drug resistant HSV-1 infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient
Authors: Bussini Linda, Giardina Federica Am, Paolucci Stefania, Mannina Daniele, Birkmann Alexander, Bartoletti Michele
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Differential <scp>DNA</scp> Methylation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Reflects Asthma Control Status in Adults
Authors: Jin An, Jaehyun Park, Ah. Ra Do, Sujin Seo, Eunsoon Shin, Jong Eun Lee, You Sook Cho, Sungho Won, Tae‐Bum Kim
Journal: Allergy (2025)
Risk of lymphoid malignancy associated with cancer predisposition genes
Authors: Nicholas J Boddicker, Raphael Mwangi, Dennis P Robinson, Cristine Allmer, Allison C Rosenthal, Thomas M Habermann, Andrew L Feldman, Lisa M Rimsza, Rebecca L King, Melissa C Larson, Bri J Negaard, Aaron D Norman, Nikhil Rajkumar, Stephen M Ansell, Angela Dispenzieri, David L Murray, Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji Kumar, Jithma P Abeykoon, Grzegorz S Nowakowski, Thomas E Witzig, Anne J Novak, Susan L Slager, Celine M Vachon, James R Cerhan
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)

Abstract We investigated the prevalence of rare inherited pathogenic variants (PV) in 19 cancer predisposition genes regularly included on multi-gene panel testing based on NCCN guidelines and their association with the risk of lymphoid malignancies (LM) overall and by common lymphoma subtypes and multiple myeloma. The study population included newly diagnosed LM cases ( N = 6990) and unrelated controls ( N = 42,632), excluding individuals with a history of hematologic malignancy. Whole exome sequencing was performed on DNA from whole blood. PV were defined as loss-of-function (i.e., nonsense, frameshift, consensus splice sites) or identified as “pathogenic” or “likely pathogenic” in the ClinVar database. A total of 1816 (3.7%) individuals had a PV across the 19 genes, higher in cases (4.7%) than controls (3.5%). In controls, CHEK2 (1.0%), ATM (0.4%), BRCA2 (0.4%), and BRCA1 (0.3%) had the highest prevalence. ATM (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–2.49), CHEK2 (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.42–2.13) and TP53 (OR = 9.07, 95% CI: 4.51–18.87) were associated with increased risk of LM overall and were further validated in the UK Biobank. We observed heterogeneity in associations by LM subtype. These results demonstrate that several commonly tested cancer predisposition genes are associated with an increased risk of LM.
Genetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Hair Density in East Asian Populations
Authors: Qili Qian, Yuanping Gu, Junyu Luo, Sijie Wu, JiaPeng Li, Jinxi Li, Qianqian Peng, Wenyan Chen, Yajun Yang, Jiucun Wang, Li Jin, Sun Renliang, Guoqing Zhang, Fan Liu, Sijia Wang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract Background Hair density traits, including follicular unit density (FUD) and hairs per follicular unit (HFU), are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Understanding these determinants can refine our knowledge of hair growth patterns and enable more targeted interventions. Large-scale research has historically been constrained by difficulties in precise phenotyping. Objectives We aimed to identify environmental and genetic factors associated with hair density in East Asian populations and to explore shared genetic influences among other hair traits and hair disorders. Methods We performed quantitative assessments of FUD and HFU using trichoscopic images from 5,735 East Asian individuals. Accurate phenotyping was achieved through deep learning-based analyses with manual correction. We used multiple regression to evaluate demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive factors, and conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS), meta-analysis, and a combined GWAS (C-GWAS) for hair density, curliness, eyebrow thickness, and beard thickness. Significant associations were compared with published results on male pattern baldness (MPB). Gene-finasteride usage interactions were evaluated via mixed linear models in longitudinal UK Biobank data. Results Age, sex, body mass index, and menopausal status were significantly associated with both FUD and HFU. Three genetic loci, rs11940736 at 4q28.1 (near SPRY1), rs10908366 at 1p34.3 (near RSPO1), and rs3771033 at 2q23.3 (intron NRP2), showed significant associations with hair density, with functional annotations implicating these genes in hair follicle development. In particular, rs3771033 was a significant eQTL for NRP2, where the T allele correlated with lower NRP2 expression but higher FUD. We also observed substantial genetic overlap among hair density traits, curliness, eyebrow thickness, beard thickness, and MPB. In UK Biobank analyses, rs3771033 exhibited allele-specific treatment effects on finasteride response for MPB. Conclusion We identified three loci that shape hair density in East Asian populations. Our results clarify the genetic and environmental architecture underlying hair density traits and suggest that genotype-specific responses to finasteride may open new avenues for personalized management of hair disorders.