tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024. Diabetes Care 2024;47(Suppl. 1):S158–S178
Authors: Nuha A. ElSayed, Grazia Aleppo, Raveendhara R. Bannuru, Dennis Bruemmer, Billy S. Collins, Laya Ekhlaspour, Jason L. Gaglia, Marisa E. Hilliard, Eric L. Johnson, Kamlesh Khunti, Ildiko Lingvay, Glenn Matfin, Rozalina G. McCoy, Mary Lou Perry, Scott J. Pilla, Sarit Polsky, Priya Prahalad, Richard E. Pratley, Alissa R. Segal, Jane Jeffrie Seley, Robert C. Stanton, Robert A. Gabbay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

In the article cited above, the content in Table 9.2 regarding clinical considerations for the class of medications glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) has been amended to reflect counseling patients about potential for ileus for all medications in this class. The original content for clinical considerations for GLP1-RAs appeared as follows:“Counsel patients about potential for ileus (semaglutide SQ)” The revised content for clinical considerations for GLP1-RAs now reads:“Counsel patients about potential for ileus” The online version of Section 9 (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc24-S009) has been updated with the revised text.
Advances in Non-Type 2 Asthma in the Severe Cases: from molecular insights to novel treatment strategies
Authors: Tao Liu, Prescott G Woodruff, Xiaobo Zhou
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Asthma is a prevalent pulmonary disease that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and imposes a substantial economic burden. While medication can effectively control symptoms in some patients, severe asthma attacks, driven by airway inflammation induced by environmental and infectious exposures, continue to be a major cause of asthma-related mortality. Heterogeneous phenotypes of asthma include type 2 (T2) and non-T2 asthma. Non-T2 asthma is often observed in patients with severe and/or steroid-resistant asthma. This review covers the molecular mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, causes and promising treatments of non-T2 severe asthma. Specifically, we discuss the signalling pathways for non-T2 asthma including the activation of inflammasomes, interferon responses and interleukin-17 pathways, and their contributions to the subtypes, progression and severity of non-T2 asthma. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying non-T2 asthma could form the basis for precision medicine in severe asthma treatment.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients developing pulmonary hypertension associated with proteasome inhibitors
Authors: Julien Grynblat, Charles Khouri, Alex Hlavaty, Xavier Jaïs, Laurent Savale, Marie Camille Chaumais, Mithum Kularatne, Mitja Jevnikar, Athénaïs Boucly, Fabrice Antigny, Frédéric Perros, Gérald Simonneau, Olivier Sitbon, Marc Humbert, David Montani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) has been described in patients treated with proteasome inhibitors (PIs). Our objective was to evaluate the association between PIs and PAH. Methods Characteristics of incident PAH cases previously treated with carfilzomib or bortezomib were analysed from the French pulmonary hypertension registry and the VIGIAPATH programme from 2004 to 2023, concurrently with a pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis using the World Health Organization (WHO) global database (VigiBase) and a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Results 11 incident cases of PI-associated PAH were identified (six with carfilzomib and five with bortezomib) with a female:male ratio of 2.7:1, a median age of 61 years, and a median delay between PI first exposure and PAH of 6 months. Four patients died (two from right heart failure, one from respiratory distress and one from an unknown cause). At diagnosis, six were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III/IV with severe haemodynamic impairment (median mean pulmonary arterial pressure 39 mmHg, cardiac index 2.45 L·min −1 ·m −2 and pulmonary vascular resistance 7.2 WU). In the WHO pharmacovigilance database, 169 cases of PH associated with PI were reported since 2013 with significant signals of disproportionate reporting (SDR) for carfilzomib, regardless of the definition of cases or control group. However, SDR for bortezomib were inconsistent. The systematic review identified 17 clinical trials, and carfilzomib was associated with a significantly higher risk of dyspnoea, severe dyspnoea and PH compared with bortezomib. Conclusion PIs may induce PAH in patients undergoing treatment, with carfilzomib emitting a stronger signal than bortezomib, and these patients should be monitored closely.
A randomised trial of oral prednisone for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation treatment
Authors: Valerie Waters, Michelle Shaw, Lucy Perrem, Bradley S Quon, Elizabeth Tullis, Melinda Solomon, Jonathan H Rayment, Annick Lavoie, Sze Man Tse, Patrick Daigneault, Lara Bilodeau, April Price, Michael Nicholson, Melanie Chin, Michael Parkins, Martha L McKinney, Julian S Tam, Sanja Stanojevic, Hartmut Grasemann, Felix Ratjen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Elevated markers of systemic and pulmonary inflammation are associated with failure to recover lung function following pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Our aim was to determine whether adjuvant oral prednisone treatment would improve recovery of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) % pred in CF pulmonary exacerbations not responding to antibiotic therapy. Methods This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in pwCF treated with intravenous antibiotics for a pulmonary exacerbation. At day 7, those who had not returned to &gt;90% baseline FEV 1 % pred were randomised to adjuvant prednisone 1 mg·kg −1 twice daily (maximum 60 mg·day −1 ) or placebo for 7 days. The primary outcome was the difference in proportion of subjects who recovered &gt;90% baseline FEV 1 % pred at day 14 of i.v. antibiotic therapy. Results 173 subjects were enrolled, with 76 randomised. 50% of subjects in the prednisone group recovered baseline FEV 1 on day 14 compared with 39% of subjects in the placebo group (difference of 11%, 95% CI −11–34%; p=0.34). The mean± sd change in FEV 1 % pred from day 7 to day 14 was 6.8±8.8% predicted in the prednisone group and 4.6±6.9% predicted in the placebo group (mean difference 2.2% predicted, 95% CI −1.5–5.9%; p=0.24). Time to subsequent exacerbation was not prolonged in prednisone-treated subjects (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.45–1.53; p=0.54). Conclusions This study failed to detect a difference in FEV 1 % pred recovery between adjuvant oral prednisone and placebo treatment in pwCF not responding at day 7 of i.v. antibiotic therapy for pulmonary exacerbations.
Who is at risk of lung nodules on low-dose CT in a Western country? A population-based approach
Authors: Jiali Cai, Marleen Vonder, Yihui Du, Gert Jan Pelgrim, Mieneke Rook, Gerdien Kramer, Harry J.M. Groen, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Geertruida H. de Bock
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background This population-based study aimed to identify the risk factors for lung nodules in a Western European general population. Methods We quantified the presence or absence of lung nodules among 12 055 participants of the Dutch population-based ImaLife (Imaging in Lifelines) study (age ≥45 years) who underwent low-dose chest computed tomography. Outcomes included the presence of 1) at least one solid lung nodule (volume ≥30 mm 3 ) and 2) a clinically relevant lung nodule (volume ≥100 mm 3 ). Fully adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were applied overall and stratified by smoking status to identify independent risk factors for the presence of nodules. Results Among the 12 055 participants (44.1% male; median age 60 years; 39.9% never-smokers; 98.7% White), we found lung nodules in 41.8% (5045 out of 12 055) and clinically relevant nodules in 11.4% (1377 out of 12 055); the corresponding figures among never-smokers were 38.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Factors independently associated with increased odds of having any lung nodule included male sex, older age, low educational level, former smoking, asbestos exposure and COPD. Among never-smokers, a family history of lung cancer increased the odds of both lung nodules and clinically relevant nodules. Among former and current smokers, low educational level was positively associated with lung nodules, whereas being overweight was negatively associated. Among current smokers, asbestos exposure and low physical activity were associated with clinically relevant nodules. Conclusions The study provides a large-scale evaluation of lung nodules and associated risk factors in a Western European general population: lung nodules and clinically relevant nodules were prevalent, and never-smokers with a family history of lung cancer were a non-negligible group.
Mental health sequelae in survivors of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. A population-based cohort study
Authors: Shannon M Fernando, Danial Qureshi, Robert Talarico, Simone N Vigod, Daniel I McIsaac, Lee H Sterling, Sean van Diepen, Susanna Price, Pietro Di Santo, Kwadwo Kyeremanteng, Eddy Fan, Dale M Needham, Daniel Brodie, Oscar Joseph Bienvenu, Alain Combes, Arthur S Slutsky, Damon C Scales, Margaret S Herridge, Holger Thiele, Benjamin Hibbert, Peter Tanuseputro, Rebecca Mathew
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2024)
The thalamic reticular nucleus orchestrates social memory
Authors: Feidi Wang, Huan Sun, Mingyue Chen, Ban Feng, Yu Lu, Mi Lyu, Dongqi Cui, Yifang Zhai, Ying Zhang, Yaomin Zhu, Changhe Wang, Haitao Wu, Xiancang Ma, Feng Zhu, Qiang Wang, Yan Li
Journal: Neuron (2024)

Social memory has been developed in humans and other animals to recognize familiar conspecifics and is essential for their survival and reproduction. Here, we demonstrated that parvalbumin-positive neurons in the sensory thalamic reticular nucleus (sTRN
Hold the MYCrophone: MYC Invades Enhancers to Control Cancer-Type Gene Programs
Authors: Kevin MacPherson-Hawthorne, Rosalie C. Sears
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor that binds gene promoters to facilitate oncogenic gene expression. When overexpressed, as is the case in most human cancers, MYC also invades active enhancers—cis-regulatory elements that are critical for regulating gene expression. In previous studies, the regulatory significance of MYC enhancer invasion in cancer cells has been debated. In their study published in Nature Genetics, Jakobsen and colleagues establish a new role for MYC in enhancer regions: regulating cancer type–specific gene programs. Their work reveals a mechanism in which MYC cooperates with other oncogenic transcription factors to recruit epigenetic regulators to enhancers, resulting in an epigenetic “switch” that promotes enhancer activation through BRD4 and RNA polymerase II. This activity was highly cancer-type specific, highlighting gene expression programs that predicted clinical outcome in a subtype-specific manner in patients with breast cancer.
Molecular targets of glucocorticoids that elucidate their therapeutic efficacy in aggressive lymphomas
Authors: Jaewoo Choi, Michele Ceribelli, James D Phelan, Björn Häupl, Da Wei Huang, George W Wright, Tony Hsiao, Vivian Morris, Francesco Ciccarese, Boya Wang, Sean Corcoran, Sebastian Scheich, Xin Yu, Weihong Xu, Yandan Yang, Hong Zhao, Joyce Zhou, Grace Zhang, Jagan Muppidi, Giorgio G Inghirami, Thomas Oellerich, Wyndham H Wilson, Craig J Thomas, Louis M Staudt
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
High prevalence of iron deficiency and socioeconomic disparities in laboratory screening of <scp>non‐pregnant</scp> females of reproductive age: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sophia Wen, Rosane Nisenbaum, Angela C. Weyand, Grace H. Tang, Michael Auerbach, Michelle Sholzberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and non‐anemic iron deficiency (NAID) are highly prevalent among non‐pregnant females of reproductive age. Canada has no national screening guidelines for this population. Screening, when performed, is often with a complete blood count alone without ferritin or iron indices. The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of screening for NAID and IDA over a 3‐year period in non‐pregnant females of reproductive age who had tests performed at outpatient laboratories in Ontario, Canada. Retrospective cohort study of non‐pregnant females ages 15–54 in Ontario, from 2017 to 2019. NAID was defined as ferritin &lt;30 μg/L, anemia as hemoglobin &lt;120 g/L, and IDA as ferritin &lt;30 μg/L and hemoglobin &lt;120 g/L. Annual household income was estimated using patient postal codes. A total of 784 132 non‐pregnant females were included. The 82.1% were screened for iron deficiency, 38.3% had NAID and 13.1% had IDA; 55.6% with IDA had normal mean corpuscular volumes. The median household income was $89454.80 compared with a provincial median of $65285.00. Patients in the lowest income quintile had the highest odds of being anemic, and the lowest odds of having a ferritin checked. A large proportion of non‐pregnant females of reproductive age in this cohort were screened for iron deficiency. In this relatively privileged cohort, NAID affected nearly 40%, and IDA 13%. Most patients with IDA did not have microcytosis. Low household income was associated with the greatest odds of anemia and the lowest odds of being screened, highlighting inequitable access to screening for IDA in Ontario, Canada.
Minimal Residual Disease using a Plasma-Only Circulating Tumor DNA Assay to Predict Recurrence of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Following Curative Intent Treatment
Authors: Aparna R. Parikh, Bryant H. Chee, Jill Tsai, Thereasa A. Rich, Kristin S. Price, Sonia A. Patel, Li Zhang, Faaiz Ibrahim, Mikaela Esquivel, Emily E. Van Seventer, Joy X. Jarnagin, Victoria M. Raymond, Carlos U. Corvera, Kenzo Hirose, Eric K. Nakakura, Ryan B. Corcoran, Katherine Van Loon, Chloe E. Atreya
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Minimal residual disease (MRD) detection can identify the recurrence in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) following definitive treatment. We evaluated a plasma-only MRD assay to predict recurrence and survival in patients with metastatic CRC who underwent curative intent procedures (surgery and/or radiotherapy), with or without (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary objective of this study was to assess the correlation of postprocedure tumor cell-free DNA detection status with radiographic disease recurrence.
Dietary intake and glutamine-serine metabolism control pathologic vascular stiffness
Authors: Nesrine S Rachedi, Ying Tang, Yi-Yin Tai, Jingsi Zhao, Caroline Chauvet, Julien Grynblat, Kouamé Kan Firmin Akoumia, Leonard Estephan, Stéphanie Torrino, Chaima Sbai, Amel Ait-Mouffok, Joseph D Latoche, Yassmin Al Aaraj, Frederic Brau, Sophie Abélanet, Stephan Clavel, Yingze Zhang, Christelle Guillermier, Naveen V G Kumar, Sina Tavakoli, Olaf Mercier, Michael G Risbano, Zhong-Ke Yao, Guangli Yang, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Jason S Lewis, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Matthew L Steinhauser, Carolyn J Anderson, William M Oldham, Frédéric Perros, Thomas Bertero, Stephen Y Chan
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2024)
The mitochondrial multi-omic response to exercise training across rat tissues
Authors: David Amar, Nicole R Gay, David Jimenez-Morales, Pierre M Jean Beltran, Megan E Ramaker, Archana Natarajan Raja, Bingqing Zhao, Yifei Sun, Shruti Marwaha, David A Gaul, Steven G Hershman, Alexis Ferrasse, Ashley Xia, Ian Lanza, Facundo M Fernández, Stephen B Montgomery, Andrea L Hevener, Euan A Ashley, Martin J Walsh, Lauren M Sparks, Charles F Burant, R Scott Rector, John Thyfault, Matthew T Wheeler, Bret H Goodpaster, Paul M Coen, Simon Schenk, Sue C Bodine, Malene E Lindholm
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2024)
Cigarette Smoking Among Pregnant Women During the Perinatal Period: Prevalence and Health Care Provider Inquiries — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2021
Authors: Lauren Kipling, Jennifer Bombard, Xu Wang, Shanna Cox
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy complications and adverse infant outcomes such as preterm delivery, restricted fetal growth, and infant death.Health care provider counseling can support smoking cessation.Data from the 2021 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of smoking before, during, and after pregnancy; quitting smoking during pregnancy; and whether health care providers asked about cigarette smoking before, during, and after pregnancy among women with a recent live birth.In 2021, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was 12.1% before pregnancy, 5.4% during pregnancy, and 7.2% during the postpartum period; 56.1% of women who smoked before pregnancy quit smoking while pregnant.Jurisdictionspecific prevalences of smoking ranged from 3.5% to 20.2% before pregnancy, 0.4% to 11.0% during pregnancy, and 1.0% to 15.1% during the postpartum period.Among women with a health care visit during the associated period, the percentage of women who reported that a health care provider asked about smoking was 73.7% at any health care visit before pregnancy, 93.7% at any prenatal care visit, and 57.3% at a postpartum checkup.Routine assessment of smoking behaviors among pregnant and postpartum women can guide the development and implementation of evidence-based tobacco control measures at the jurisdiction and health care-system level to reduce smoking among pregnant and postpartum women.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Increase in Nontoxigenic <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i><b>—</b> Washington, 2018<b>–</b>2023
Authors: Amy G. Xie, Kyle Yomogida, Isha Berry, Nicole L. Briggs, Precious Esie, Arran Hamlet, Keely Paris, Erin Tromble, Chas DeBolt, Nicholas R. Graff, Eric J. Chow
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, an aerobic Gram-positive coccobacillus, is the predominant causative agent of diphtheria and is responsible for substantial morbidity worldwide (1).Infection with nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae is also associated with disease, but little is known about the clinical spectrum of illness or the incidence of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae infections in the United States (2).Toxin gene acquisition and expression by nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae is biologically plausible and could lead to reintroduction of diphtheria into the United States, where diphtheria is no longer endemic (3).Understanding diseases caused by nontoxigenic forms of C. diphtheriae is important because diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccines create immunity to the toxin itself but cannot protect against infection or illness caused by nontoxigenic strains.In the state of Washington, detection of C. diphtheriae in any clinical specimen is immediately notifiable (4).Beginning in 2000, Washington mandated submission of all C. diphtheriae isolates to Washington State Public Health Laboratories (WSPHL).The number of reported nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae isolates in Washington has increased approximately tenfold, from 17 during 2012-2017 to 179 during 2018-2023; most infections occurred among King County residents.In November 2023, Washington State Department of Health, Public Health -Seattle & King County, and CDC conducted a statewide investigation of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae cases to determine factors contributing to this increase and to describe the epidemiology of nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae and clinical characteristics of patients with nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae infections in Washington. Investigation and OutcomesDuring January 1, 2018-September 30, 2023, C. diphtheriae isolates from 176 patients were identified in 14 (36%) of 39 Washington counties; all isolates were identified as C. diphtheriae at WSPHL and subsequently determined to be nontoxigenic by CDC.A public health team abstracted patient data § from medical charts.Descriptive statistics were * These authors contributed equally to this report.
Prevalence of Positive Childhood Experiences Among Adults — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Four States, 2015–2021
Authors: Robert Sege, Elizabeth A. Swedo, Dina Burstein, Maria V. Aslam, Jennifer Jones, Christina Bethell, Phyllis Holditch Niolon
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) promote optimal health and mitigate the effects of adverse childhood experiences, but PCE prevalence in the United States is not wellknown.Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, this study describes the prevalence of individual and cumulative PCEs among adults residing in four states: Kansas (2020), Montana (2019), South Carolina (2020), and Wisconsin (2015).Cumulative PCE scores were calculated by summing affirmative responses to seven questions.Subscores were created for family-related (three questions) and community-related (four questions) PCEs.The prevalence of individual PCEs varied from 59.5% (enjoyed participating in community traditions) to 90.5% (adult in respondents' household made them feel safe), and differed significantly by race and ethnicity, age, and sexual orientation.Fewer non-Hispanic Black or African American (49.2%), non-Hispanic Alaska Native or American Indian (37.7%), and Hispanic or Latino respondents (38.9%) reported 6-7 PCEs than did non-Hispanic White respondents (55.2%).Gay or lesbian, and bisexual respondents were less likely than were straight respondents to report 6-7 PCEs (38.1% and 27.4% versus 54.7%, respectively).A PCE score of 6-7 was more frequent among persons with higher income and education.Improved understanding of the relationship of PCEs to adult health and well-being and variation among population subgroups might help reduce health inequities.
Emergency Department Visits for Pedestrians Injured in Motor Vehicle Traffic Crashes — United States, January 2021–December 2023
Authors: Vaughn Barry, Miriam E. Van Dyke, Jasmine Y. Nakayama, Hatidza Zaganjor, Michael Sheppard, Zachary Stein, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Emily Schweninger, Kenneth Rose, Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Bethany West
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Traffic-related pedestrian deaths in the United States reached a 40-year high in 2021.Each year, pedestrians also suffer nonfatal traffic-related injuries requiring medical treatment.Near real-time emergency department visit data from CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program during January 2021-December 2023 indicated that among approximately 301 million visits identified, 137,325 involved a pedestrian injury (overall visit proportion = 45.62 per 100,000 visits).The proportions of visits for pedestrian injury were 1.53-2.47times as high among six racial and ethnic minority groups as that among non-Hispanic White persons.Compared with persons aged ≥65 years, proportions among those aged 15-24 and 25-34 years were 2.83 and 2.61 times as high, respectively.The visit proportion was 1.93 times as high among males as among females, and 1.21 times as high during September-November as during June-August.Timely pedestrian injury data can help collaborating federal, state, and local partners rapidly monitor trends, identify disparities, and implement strategies supporting the Safe System approach, a framework for preventing traffic injuries among all road users.* These authors contributed equally to this report.data collection and availability because of time required for data collection, coding, and review.† Data timeliness is increasingly important to rapidly identify emerging shifts in injury patterns and evaluate prevention policies, programs, practices, and funding efforts to reduce pedestrian injuries.This report details pedestrian injury data for January 2021-December 2023 from the National Syndromic Surveillance Program (NSSP), a source of near real-time emergency department (ED) data.† Crash Report Sampling System (https://www.nhtsa.gov/crash-data-systems/crash-report-sampling-system); Fatality Analysis Reporting System (https:// www.nhtsa.gov/research-data/fatality-analysis-reporting-system-fars);Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (https://hcup-us.ahrq.gov/databases.jsp);