tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreasing alloimmunization‐specific mortality in sickle cell disease in the United States: Cost‐effectiveness of a shared transfusion resource
Authors: Satoko Ito, Ankur Pandya, Ronald G. Hauser, Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, Edward Stites, Chris Tormey, Harlan M. Krumholz, Jeanne E. Hendrickson, George Goshua
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Red blood cell alloimmunization and consequent delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) incidence and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are high. A shared transfusion resource has decreased both in other countries, while in the United States cost concerns persist. We conducted a Markov cohort simulation of a birth cohort of alloimmunized patients with SCD to estimate lifetime DHTR incidence, DHTR‐specific mortality, quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and costs with the implementation of a shared transfusion resource to identify antibody history versus without (i.e., status quo). We conducted our analysis using a lifetime analytic time horizon and from a United States health system perspective. Implementation of shared transfusion resource projects to decrease cumulative DHTR‐specific mortality by 26% for alloimmunized patients with SCD in the United States, relative to the status quo. For an average patient population of 32 000, this intervention would generate a discounted increment of 4000 QALYs at an incremental discounted cost of $0.3 billion, resulting in an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $75 600/QALY [95% credible interval $70 200–81 400/QALY]. The results are most sensitive to the baseline lifetime medical expenditure of patients with SCD. Alloantibody data exchange is cost‐effective in 100% of 10 000 Monte Carlo simulations. The resource would theoretically need a minimum patient population of 1819 patients or cost no more than $5.29 million annually to be cost‐effective. By reducing DHTR‐specific mortality, a shared transfusion resource in the United States projects to be a life‐saving and cost‐effective intervention for patients with SCD in the United States.
Unbiased kidney-centric molecular categorization of chronic kidney disease as a step towards precision medicine
Authors: Anna Reznichenko, Viji Nair, Sean Eddy, Damian Fermin, Mark Tomilo, Timothy Slidel, Wenjun Ju, Ian Henry, Shawn S. Badal, Johnna D. Wesley, John T. Liles, Sven Moosmang, Julie M. Williams, Carol Moreno Quinn, Markus Bitzer, Jeffrey B. Hodgin, Laura Barisoni, Anil Karihaloo, Matthew D. Breyer, Kevin L. Duffin, Uptal D. Patel, Maria Chiara Magnone, Ratan Bhat, Matthias Kretzler
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

Current classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) into stages using indirect systemic measures (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria) is agnostic to the heterogeneity of underlying molecular processes in the kidney thereby limiting precision medicine approaches. To generate a novel CKD categorization that directly reflects within kidney disease drivers we analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data from kidney biopsy tissue. A Self-Organizing Maps unsupervised artificial neural network machine-learning algorithm was used to stratify a total of 369 patients with CKD and 46 living kidney donors as healthy controls. Unbiased stratification of the discovery cohort resulted in identification of four novel molecular categories of disease termed CKD-Blue, CKD-Gold, CKD-Olive, CKD-Plum that were replicated in independent CKD and diabetic kidney disease datasets and can be further tested on any external data at kidneyclass.org. Each molecular category spanned across CKD stages and histopathological diagnoses and represented transcriptional activation of distinct biological pathways. Disease progression rates were highly significantly different between the molecular categories. CKD-Gold displayed rapid progression, with significant eGFR-adjusted Cox regression hazard ratio of 5.6 [1.01-31.3] for kidney failure and hazard ratio of 4.7 [1.3-16.5] for composite of kidney failure or a 40% or more eGFR decline. Urine proteomics revealed distinct patterns between the molecular categories, and a 25-protein signature was identified to distinguish CKD-Gold from other molecular categories. Thus, patient stratification based on kidney tissue omics offers a gateway to non-invasive biomarker-driven categorization and the potential for future clinical implementation, as a key step towards precision medicine in CKD.
Correction to “Articular Cartilage Regeneration via Induced Chondrocyte Autophagy by Sustained Release of Leptin Inhibitor from Thermo‐Sensitive Hydrogel Through STAT3/REDD1/mTORC1 Cascade”
Authors: Z. Huang, C. Liu, G. Zheng, L. Zhang, Q. Zhong, Y. Zhang, W. Zhao, Y. Qi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Articular Cartilage Regeneration via Induced Chondrocyte Autophagy by Sustained Release of Leptin Inhibitor from Thermo-Sensitive Hydrogel through STAT3/REDD1/mTORC1 Cascade. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023 Dec, 12(30), e2302181. [In Figures 1a and S1a, the labels for OA and non-OA were unintentionally reversed. Attached are the corrected figures.] [In caption of Figure 7, the text “Immunohistochemical staining of aggrecan (ACAN) (a), collagen I (COL I) (b), collagen II (COL II) (c) and MMP13 (d) in different groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.” was incorrect. This should have read: “Immunofluorescence staining of aggrecan (ACAN) (a), collagen I (COL I) (b), collagen II (COL II) (c) and MMP13 (d) in different groups at 4, 8 and 12 weeks.”] We apologize for this error.
Emerging phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Yu Xiang, Swapna Naik, Liyun Zhao, Jianyou Shi, Hengming Ke
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2024)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neuron structure and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Since the available drugs show only limited symptomatic relief, NDs are currently considered as incurable. This review will illustrate the principal roles of the signaling systems of cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) in the neuronal functions, and summarize expression/activity changes of the associated enzymes in the ND patients, including cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). As the sole enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are logical targets for modification of neurodegeneration. We will focus on PDE inhibitors and their potentials as disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. For the overlapped but distinct contributions of cAMP and cGMP to NDs, we hypothesize that dual PDE inhibitors, which simultaneously regulate both cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, may have complementary and synergistic effects on modifying neurodegeneration and thus represent a new direction on the discovery of ND drugs.
Participant diversity is necessary to advance brain aging research
Authors: Gagan S. Wig, Sarah Klausner, Micaela Y. Chan, Cameron Sullins, Anirudh Rayanki, Maya Seale
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2024)

An absence of population-representative participant samples has limited research in healthy brain aging. We highlight examples of what can be gained by enrolling more diverse participant cohorts, and propose recommendations for specific reforms, both in terms of how researchers accomplish this goal and how institutions support and benchmark these efforts.
Apoptotic body-inspired nanotherapeutics efficiently attenuate osteoarthritis by targeting BRD4-regulated synovial macrophage polarization
Authors: Yi-Di Xu, Xiang-Chao Liang, Zhi-Peng Li, Zhao-Sheng Wu, Jie Yang, Shi-Zhen Jia, Rui Peng, Zhen-Yan Li, Xiao-He Wang, Fang-Ji Luo, Jia-Jing Chen, Wen-Xiang Cheng, Peng Zhang, Zhen-Gang Zha, Rong Zeng, Huan-Tian Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Nanotechnology-enabled M2 macrophage polarization and ferroptosis inhibition for targeted inflammatory bowel disease treatment
Authors: Yuge Zhao, Weimin Yin, Zichen Yang, Jiuyuan Sun, Jiao Chang, Li Huang, Liangyi Xue, Xiaoyou Zhang, Hui Zhi, Shiyu Chen, Nana Chen, Yongyong Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
A ferroptosis-reinforced nanocatalyst enhances chemodynamic therapy through dual H2O2 production and oxidative stress amplification
Authors: Xiao-Yu Zhu, Tian-Yu Wang, Hao-Ran Jia, Shun-Yu Wu, Cheng-Zhe Gao, Yan-Hong Li, Xinping Zhang, Bai-Hui Shan, Fu-Gen Wu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Evaluating the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in patients with brain metastases: a secondary analysis of NRG CC001
Authors: Hua-Ren R Cherng, Melody Qu, Zafar Zafari, Søren M Bentzen, Terri S Armstrong, Vinai Gondi, Paul D Brown, Minesh Mehta, Mark V Mishra
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L is a commonly used measure of health-related quality of life in clinical trials given the use of its index score as a measure of health utilities. It is unclear whether EQ-5D-5L is sensitive to changes in neurocognitive function and progression that occur following brain radiation. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivity of EQ-5D-5L in reflecting these changes.
Injectable‐Hydrogel‐Based Tissue Sealant for Hemostasis, Bacteria Inhibition, and Pro‐Angiogenesis in Organ Bleeding Wounds and Therapeutic Outcome Monitoring Via NIR‐II Optical Imaging
Authors: Lihe Sun, Juan Ouyang, Zunpan She, Rong Li, Fang Zeng, Zhicheng Yao, Shuizhu Wu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Sudden hemorrhage stemming from internal organ wounds poses a grave and potentially fatal risk if left untreated. Injectable‐hydrogel‐based tissue sealants featuring multiple actions, including fit‐to‐shape in situ gelation, rapid hemostasis, pro‐angiogenic, anti‐bacterial and outcome tracking, are ideal for the management of organ trauma wounds. Herein, an injectable‐hydrogel tissue sealant AN@CD‐PEG&amp;TQ which consists of four‐arm 4‐arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐SC) succinimidyl carbonate), AN@CD nanoprobe, and two bioactive peptides (anti‐microbial peptide Tet213 and pro‐angiogenic peptide QK) is developed. Among them, AN@CD nanoparticles form through host/guest complexation of amino‐group‐containing β‐cyclodextrin and adamantyl group, enabling in situ biomarker (NO)‐activatable optoacoustic/NIR‐II: Near‐infrared second biological window fluorescent imaging. The ample ─NH2 groups on the surface of AN@CD readily engage in rapid cross‐linking with succinimidyl ester groups located at the ends of four‐arm PEG‐SC. This cross‐linking expedites the gelation process without necessitating additional initiators or cross‐linking agents; thus, significantly enhancing both hydrogel's application convenience and biocompatibility. Bioactive peptides (Tet213 and QK) safeguard against possible bacterial infections, facilitate angiogenesis, and eventually, improve organ wounds healing. This hydrogel‐based tissue sealant demonstrates superior therapeutic and bioimaging performance in various mouse models including liver hemorrhage, gastric perforation, and bacterial‐infected skin wound mouse models, highlighting its potential as a high‐performance wound sealant for organ bleeding wound management.
Enzyme-like biomimetic oral-agent enabling modulating gut microbiota and restoring redox homeostasis to treat inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zhangpeng Shi, Xiaohong Li, Jufeng Chen, Zideng Dai, Yefei Zhu, Tan Wu, Qing Liu, Huanlong Qin, Yang Zhang, Hangrong Chen
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), immune dysregulation-induced inflammatory outbreaks and microbial imbalance play critical roles in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, a novel enzyme-like biomimetic oral-agent ZnPBA@YCW has been developed, using yeast cell wall (YCW) as the outer shell and zinc-doped Prussian blue analogue (ZnPBA) nanozyme inside. When orally administered, the ZnPBA@YCW is able to adhere to
Endometrial scratching: the light at the end of the tunnel
Authors: Amerigo Vitagliano, Ettore Cicinelli, Antonio Simone Laganà, Alessandro Favilli, Salvatore Giovanni Vitale, Marco Noventa, Gianluca Raffaello Damiani, Miriam Dellino, Pierpaolo Nicolì, Antonio D’Amato, Stefano Bettocchi, Maria Matteo, Stefano Palomba
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2024)
Genetic factors associated with acquired phenotypic drug resistance and its compensatory evolution during tuberculosis treatment
Authors: Guoqin Zhang, Xianhui Sun, Joy Fleming, Fanlei Ran, Jianjun Luo, Hong Chen, Hanfang Ju, Zhirui Wang, Hui Zhao, Chunhua Wang, Fan Zhang, Xiaowei Dai, Xinyu Yang, Chuanyou Li, Yi Liu, Yaguo Wang, Xilin Zhang, Yuan Jiang, Zhilong Wu, Lijun Bi, Hongtai Zhang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Effectiveness of high-dose vs. standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine against recurrent hospitalisations and mortality in relation to influenza circulation: a post-hoc analysis of the DANFLU-1 randomised clinical trial
Authors: Niklas Dyrby Johansen, Daniel Modin, Kristoffer Grundtvig Skaarup, Joshua Nealon, Sandrine Samson, Marine Dufournet, Matthew M. Loiacono, Rebecca C. Harris, Carsten Schade Larsen, Anne Marie Reimer Jensen, Nino Emanuel Landler, Brian L. Claggett, Scott D. Solomon, Martin J. Landray, Gunnar H. Gislason, Lars Køber, Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Lasse Skafte Vestergaard, Palle Valentiner-Branth, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sørensen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

ObjectivesTo evaluate the relative effectiveness of high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV-HD) vs. standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV-SD) against recurrent hospitalisations and its potential variation in relation to influenza circulation.MethodsWe did a post-hoc analysis of a pragmatic, open-label, randomised trial of QIV-HD vs. QIV-SD conducted during the 2021-2022 influenza season among adults aged 65-79 years. Participants were enrolled in October-November, 2021 and followed for outcomes from 14 days post-vaccination until May 31, 2022. We investigated the following outcomes: Hospitalisations for pneumonia or influenza, respiratory hospitalisations, cardio-respiratory hospitalisations, cardiovascular hospitalisations, all-cause hospitalisations, and all-cause death. Outcomes were analysed as recurrent events. Cumulative numbers of events were assessed weekly. Cumulative relative effectiveness estimates were calculated and descriptively compared to influenza circulation. The trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05048589.ResultsAmong 12,477 randomly assigned participants, receiving QIV-HD was associated with lower incidence rates of hospitalisations for pneumonia or influenza (10 vs. 33 events, IRR 0.30 [95% CI 0.14-0.64], p=0.002) and all-cause hospitalisations (647 vs. 742 events, IRR 0.87 [95% CI 0.76-0.99], p=0.032) compared with QIV-SD. Trends favouring QIV-HD were consistently observed over time including in the period prior to active influenza transmission; i.e. while the first week with a ≥10% influenza test positivity rate was calendar week 10, 2022, the first statistically significant reduction in hospitalisations for pneumonia or influenza was already observed by calendar week 3, 2022 (5 vs. 15 events, IRR 0.33 [95% CI 0.11-0.94], p=0.037).ConclusionIn a post-hoc analysis, QIV-HD was associated with lower incidence rates of hospitalisations for pneumonia or influenza and all-cause hospitalisations compared with QIV-SD, with trends evident independent of influenza circulation levels. Our exploratory results correspond to a number needed to treat of 65 (95% CI 35-840) persons vaccinated with QIV-HD compared with QIV-SD to prevent one additional all-cause hospitalisation per season. Further research is needed to confirm these hypothesis-generating findings.
Transformation or replacement - Effects of hormone therapy on cardiovascular risk
Authors: Julia Kielb, Süreyya Saffak, Jessica Weber, Leonard Baensch, Khatereh Shahjerdi, Aylin Celik, Nora Farahat, Sally Riek, Oscar Chavez-Talavera, Maria Grandoch, Amin Polzin, Malte Kelm, Lisa Dannenberg
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2024)
CDNF and ER stress: Pharmacology and therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Helike Lõhelaid, Mart Saarma, Mikko Airavaara
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2024)

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is an endogenous protein in humans and other vertebrates, and it has been shown to have protective and restorative effects on cells in various disease models. Although it is named as a neurotrophic factor, its actions are drastically different from classical neurotrophic factors such as neurotrophins or the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic family of proteins. Like all secreted proteins, CDNF has a signal sequence at the N-terminus, but unlike common growth factors it has a KDEL-receptor retrieval sequence at the C-terminus. Thus, CDNF is mainly located in the ER. In response to adverse effects, such as ER stress, the expression of CDNF is upregulated and can alleviate ER stress. Also different from other neurotrophic factors, CDNF reduces protein aggregation and inflammation in disease models. Although it is an ER luminal protein, it can surprisingly directly interact with alpha-synuclein, a protein involved in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies e.g., Parkinson's disease. Pleiotropic CDNF has therapeutic potential and has been tested as a recombinant human protein and gene therapy. The neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects have been described in a number of preclinical studies of Parkinson's disease, stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Currently, it was successfully evaluated for safety in a phase 1/2 clinical trial for Parkinson's disease. Collectively, based on recent findings on the mode of action and therapeutic potential of CDNF, its use as a drug could be expanded to other ER stress-related diseases.
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is effective for p47phox chronic granulomatous disease: A Primary Immune Deficiency Treatment Consortium study
Authors: Eyal Grunebaum, Danielle E. Arnold, Brent Logan, Suhag Parikh, Rebecca A. Marsh, Linda M. Griffith, Kanwaldeep Mallhi, Deepak Chellapandian, Stephanie Si Lim, Christin L. Deal, Neena Kapoor, Luis Murguía-Favela, Emilia Liana Falcone, Vinod K. Prasad, Fabien Touzot, Jack J. Bleesing, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Jennifer R. Heimall, Jeffrey J. Bednarski, Larisa A. Broglie, Hey Jin Chong, Malika Kapadia, Susan Prockop, Blachy J. Dávila Saldaña, Edo Schaefer, Andrea L. Bauchat, Pierre Teira, Sharat Chandra, Mark Parta, Morton J. Cowan, Christopher C. Dvorak, Elie Haddad, Donald B. Kohn, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Sung-Yun Pai, Jennifer M. Puck, Michael A. Pulsipher, Troy R. Torgerson, Harry L. Malech, Elizabeth M. Kang, Jennifer W. Leiding
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Burden of child mortality from malaria in high endemic areas: Results from the CHAMPS network using minimally invasive tissue sampling
Authors: Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu, Kephas Otieno, Rosauro Varo, Samba O. Sow, Julius Ojulong, Babatunde Duduyemi, Dickens Kowuor, Carrie Jo Cain, Emily A. Rogena, Dickens Onyango, Victor Akelo, Beth A. Tippett Barr, Feiko terKuile, Karen L. Kotloff, Milagritos D. Tapia, Adama Mamby Keita, Jane Juma, Nega Assefa, Nardos Assegid, Yenework Acham, Lola Madrid, J. Anthony G. Scott, Shams El Arifeen, Emily S. Gurley, Sana Mahtab, Ziyaad Dangor, Jeannette Wadula, Jeanie Dutoit, Shabir A. Madhi, Inácio Mandomando, David Torres-Fernandez, Milton Kincardett, Rita Mabunda, Portia Mutevedzi, Zachary J. Madewell, Dianna M. Blau, Cynthia G. Whitney, Aaron M. Samuels, Quique Bassat
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)

Malaria is a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. However, accurate estimates of malaria prevalence and causality among patients who die at the country level are lacking due to the limited specificity of diagnostic tools used to attribute etiologies. Accurate estimates are crucial for prioritizing interventions and resources aimed at reducing malaria-related mortality.
Physiologic Homeostasis after Pig-to-Human Kidney Xenotransplantation
Authors: Eric Judd, Vineeta Kumar, Paige M. Porrett, Kelly A. Hyndman, Douglas Anderson, Maggie Jones-Carr, Andrew Shunk, Daniel R. Epstein, Huma Fatima, Akemi Katsurada, Ryousuke Satou, L. Gabriel Navar, Jayme E. Locke
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

Demand for kidney grafts outpaces supply, limiting kidney transplantation as a treatment for kidney failure. Xenotransplantation has the potential to make kidney transplantation available to many more patients with kidney failure, but the ability of xenografts to support human physiologic homeostasis has not been established. A brain-dead adult decedent underwent bilateral native nephrectomies followed by 10 gene-edited (four gene knockouts, six human transgenes) pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Physiologic parameters and laboratory values were measured for seven days in a critical care setting. Data collection aimed to assess homeostasis by measuring components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, parathyroid hormone signaling, glomerular filtration rate, and markers of salt and water balance. Mean arterial blood pressure was maintained above 60 mmHg throughout. Pig kidneys secreted renin (post-operative day three to seven mean and standard deviation: 47.3 ± 9 pg/mL). Aldosterone and angiotensin II levels were present (post-operative day three to seven, 57.0 ± 8 pg/mL and 5.4 ± 4.3 pg/mL, respectively) despite plasma renin activity under 0.6 ng/mL/hr. Parathyroid hormone levels followed ionized calcium. Urine output down trended from 37 L to 6 L per day with 4.5 L of electrolyte free water loss on post-operative day six. Aquaporin 2 channels were detected in the apical surface of principal cells, supporting pig kidney response to human vasopressin. Serum creatinine down trended to 0.9 mg/dL by day seven. Glomerular filtration rate ranged 90-240 mL/min by creatinine clearance and single-dose inulin clearance. Thus, in a human decedent model, xenotransplantation of 10 gene-edited pig kidneys provided physiologic balance for seven days. Hence, our in-human study paves the way for future clinical study of pig-to-human kidney xenotransplantation in living persons.
Timing of cutaneous immune-related adverse events impacts survival in patients with cancer treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: A multi-institutional cohort study
Authors: Hannah Rashdan, Shijia Zhang, Guihong Wan, Nga Nguyen, Katie Roster, Ahmad Rajeh, Kimberly Tang, Wenxin Chen, Cameron Moseley, Steven Chen, Nicole LeBoeuf, Yevgeniy R. Semenov
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Phage-mediated colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Massimiliano Lucidi, Francesco Imperi, Irene Artuso, Giulia Capecchi, Cinzia Spagnoli, Daniela Visaggio, Giordano Rampioni, Livia Leoni, Paolo Visca
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2024)

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health, and Acinetobacter baumannii is a paradigmatic example of how rapidly bacteria become resistant to clinically relevant antimicrobials. The emergence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains has forced the revival of colistin as a last-resort drug, suddenly leading to the emergence of colistin resistance. We investigated the genetic and molecular basis of colistin resistance in A. baumannii, and the mechanisms implicated in its regulation and dissemination. Comparative genomic analysis was combined with genetic, biochemical, and phenotypic assays to characterize Φ19606, an A. baumannii temperate bacteriophage that carries a colistin resistance gene. Ф19606 was detected in 41% of 523 A. baumannii complete genomes and demonstrated to act as a mobile vehicle of the colistin resistance gene eptA1, encoding a functional lipid A phosphoethanolamine transferase. The eptA1 gene is coregulated with its chromosomal homolog pmrC via the PmrAB two-component system and confers colistin resistance when induced by low calcium and magnesium levels. Resistance selection assays showed that the eptA1-harbouring phage Ф19606 promotes the emergence of spontaneous colistin-resistant mutants. Φ19606 is an unprecedented example of a self-transmissible phage vector implicated in the dissemination of colistin resistance.