tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mental health surveillance in elite Para athletes: early identification and follow-up of athletes at risk of mental health problems
Authors: Verena Meidl, Petra Dallmann, Kathrin Steffen, Berit Bretthauer, Aglaja Busch, Eva Johanna Kubosch, Rainer Leonhart, Anja Hirschmueller
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

There is a lack of prospective data on mental health of elite Para athletes. The objective was to identify and follow elite Para athletes at risk of mental health problems.
Neuropilin-1 is a novel host factor modulating the entry of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Haibo Yu, Jihua Ren, Haijun Deng, Linfeng Li, Zhenzhen Zhang, Shengtao Cheng, Zufeng Guo, Ailong Huang, Yongjun Dang, Kunling Song, Daiqing Wu, Xinyan Yao, Yiping Qin, Zhen Yang, Kexin Xu, Xin He, Juan Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)

Background & AimsSodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as the cellular receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, hepatocytes expressing NTCP exhibit varying susceptibilities to HBV infection. This study aimed to investigate whether other host factors modulate the process of HBV infection.MethodsLiver biopsy samples obtained from children with hepatitis B were used for single-cell sequencing and susceptibility analysis. Primary human hepatocytes, HepG2-NTCP cells, and human liver chimeric mice were used to analyze the effect of candidate host factors on HBV infection.ResultsSingle-cell sequencing and susceptibility analysis revealed a positive correlation between neuropilin-1 (NRP1) expression and HBV infection. In the HBV-infected cell model, NRP1 overexpression before HBV inoculation significantly enhanced viral attachment and internalization, and promoted viral infection in the presence of NTCP. Mechanistic studies indicated that NRP1 formed a complex with LHBs and NTCP. The NRP1 b domain mediated its interaction with conserved arginine residues at positions 88 and 92 in the preS1 domain of the HBV envelope protein LHBs. This NRP1-preS1 interaction subsequently promoted the binding of preS1 to NTCP, facilitating viral infection. Moreover, disruption of the NRP1-preS1 interaction by the NRP1 antagonist EG00229 significantly attenuated the binding affinity between NTCP and preS1, thereby inhibiting HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that NRP1 is a novel host factor for HBV infection, which interacts with preS1 and NTCP to modulate HBV entry into hepatocytes.Impact and implicationsHBV infection is a global public health problem, but the understanding of the early infection process of HBV remains limited. Through single-cell sequencing, we identified a novel host factor, NRP1, which modulates HBV entry by interacting with HBV preS1 and NTCP. Moreover, antagonists targeting NRP1 can inhibit HBV infection both in vitro and in vivo. This study could further advance our comprehension of the early infection process of HBV.
Use of HSC Targeted LNP to Generate a Mouse Model of Lethal α-Thalassemia and Treatment via Lentiviral Gene Therapy
Authors: Maxwell Elliott Chappell, Laura Breda, Lucas Tricoli, Amaliris Guerra, Danuta Jadwiga Jarocha, Carlo Castruccio Castracani, Tyler Ellis Papp, Naoto Tanaka, Nolan Hamilton, Michael Paul Triebwasser, Valentina Ghiaccio, Megan Fedorky, Kandace Gollomp, Veronica Bochenek, Aoife M Roche, John K Everett, Emma J Cook, Frederic D. Bushman, Nattiya Teawtrakul, Stavros Glentis, Antonis Kattamis, Barbara L Mui, Ying K. Tam, Drew Weissman, Osheiza Abdulmalik, Hamideh Parhiz, Stefano Rivella
Journal: Blood (2024)
The gut microbiome in disorders of gut–brain interaction
Authors: Narjis Kraimi, Taylor Ross, Julien Pujo, Giada De Palma
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), chronic disorders characterized by either abdominal pain, altered intestinal motility, or their combination, have a worldwide prevalence of more than 40% and impose a high socioeconomic burden with a significant decline in quality of life. Recently, FGIDs have been reclassified as disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI), reflecting the key role of the gut-brain bidirectional communication in these disorders and their impact on psychological comorbidities. Although, during the past decades, the field of DGBIs has advanced significantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying DGBIs pathogenesis and pathophysiology, and the role of the gut microbiome in these processes are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the latest body of literature on the complex microbiota-gut-brain interactions and their implications in the pathogenesis of DGBIs. A better understanding of the existing communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the brain holds promise in developing effective therapeutic interventions for DGBIs.
The randomized controlled trial (NAVKIDS2) of a patient navigator program created for children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Germaine Wong, Chandana Guha, Kylie-Ann Mallitt, Anita van Zwieten, Rabia Khalid, Anna Francis, Allison Jaure, Siah Kim, Armando Teixeira-Pinto, Martha Aquino, Amelie Bernier-Jean, David W. Johnson, Deirdre Hahn, Donna Reidlinger, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Fiona Mackie, Hugh McCarthy, Julie Varghese, Charani Kiriwandeniya, Kirsten Howard, Nicholas Larkins, Luke Macauley, Amanda Walker, Martin Howell, Patrina Caldwell, Reginald Woodleigh, Shilpa Jesudason, Simon Carter, Sean Kennedy, Stephen Alexander, Steve McTaggart, Jonathan C. Craig, Carmel M. Hawley
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
Fluorine-18 Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–1007 PET/CT vs Multiparametric MRI for Locoregional Staging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nikhile Mookerji, Tyler Pfanner, Amaris Hui, Guocheng Huang, Patrick Albers, Rohan Mittal, Stacey Broomfield, Lucas Dean, Blair St. Martin, Niels-Erik Jacobsen, Howard Evans, Yuan Gao, Ryan Hung, Jonathan Abele, Peter Dromparis, Joema Felipe Lima, Tarek Bismar, Evangelos Michelakis, Gopinath Sutendra, Frank Wuest, Wendy Tu, Benjamin A. Adam, Christopher Fung, Alexander Tamm, Adam Kinnaird
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) demonstrates overexpression in prostate cancer and correlates with tumor aggressiveness. PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) is superior to conventional imaging for the metastatic staging of prostate cancer per current research but studies of second-generation PSMA PET radioligands for locoregional staging are limited.
Real-world experience with letermovir for cytomegalovirus-prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A multi-centre observational study
Authors: Sina M. Hopff, Sebastian M. Wingen-Heimann, Annika Y. Classen, Igor-Wolfgang Blau, Gesine Bug, Corinna Hebermehl, Sabrina Kraus, Olaf Penack, Andrés R. Rettig, Timo Schmitt, Torsten Steinbrunn, Daniel Teschner, Maria J.G.T. Vehreschild, Claudia Wehr, J. Janne Vehreschild
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)
Multiplexed Spatial Profiling of Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg Cell Neighborhoods in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Maryam Pourmaleki, Caitlin J. Jones, Sabrina D. Mellinghoff, Brian D. Greenstein, Priyadarshini Kumar, Miguel Foronda, Daniel A. Navarrete, Carl Campos, Mikhail Roshal, Nikolaus Schultz, Sohrab P. Shah, Andrea Schietinger, Nicholas D. Socci, Travis J. Hollmann, Ahmet Dogan, Ingo K. Mellinghoff
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell lymphoma that occurs primarily in young adults and, less frequently, in elderly individuals. A hallmark of cHL is the exceptional scarcity (1%–5%) of the malignant Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells within a network of nonmalignant immune cells. Molecular determinants governing the relationship between HRS cells and their proximal microenvironment remain largely unknown. Experimental Design: We performed spatially resolved multiplexed protein imaging and transcriptomic sequencing to characterize HRS cell states, cellular neighborhoods, and gene expression signatures of 23.6 million cells from 36 newly diagnosed Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative cHL tumors. Results: We show that MHC-I expression on HRS cells is associated with immune-inflamed neighborhoods containing CD8+ T cells, MHC-II+ macrophages, and immune checkpoint expression (i.e., PD1 and VISTA). We identified spatial clustering of HRS cells, consistent with the syncytial variant of cHL, and its association with T-cell–excluded neighborhoods in a subset of EBV-negative tumors. Finally, a subset of both EBV-positive and EBV-negative tumors contained regulatory T-cell–high neighborhoods harboring HRS cells with augmented proliferative capacity. Conclusions: Our study links HRS cell properties with distinct immunophenotypes and potential immune escape mechanisms in cHL.
Microsatellite Instability, Tumor Mutational Burden, and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Andrew T. Lenis, Vignesh Ravichandran, Samantha Brown, Syed M. Alam, Andrew Katims, Hong Truong, Peter A. Reisz, Samantha Vasselman, Barbara Nweji, Karen A. Autio, Michael J. Morris, Susan F. Slovin, Dana Rathkopf, Daniel Danila, Sungmin Woo, Hebert A. Vargas, Vincent P. Laudone, Behfar Ehdaie, Victor Reuter, Maria Arcila, Michael F. Berger, Agnes Viale, Howard I. Scher, Nikolaus Schultz, Anuradha Gopalan, Mark T.A. Donoghue, Irina Ostrovnaya, Konrad H. Stopsack, David B. Solit, Wassim Abida
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Patients with microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair-deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) and high tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) prostate cancers are candidates for pembrolizumab. We define the genomic features, clinical course, and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in patients with MSI-H/dMMR and TMB-H prostate cancers without MSI [TMB-H/microsatellite stable (MSS)].
Continuous neural control of a bionic limb restores biomimetic gait after amputation
Authors: Hyungeun Song, Tsung-Han Hsieh, Seong Ho Yeon, Tony Shu, Michael Nawrot, Christian F. Landis, Gabriel N. Friedman, Erica A. Israel, Samantha Gutierrez-Arango, Matthew J. Carty, Lisa E. Freed, Hugh M. Herr
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Abstract For centuries scientists and technologists have sought artificial leg replacements that fully capture the versatility of their intact biological counterparts. However, biological gait requires coordinated volitional and reflexive motor control by complex afferent and efferent neural interplay, making its neuroprosthetic emulation challenging after limb amputation. Here we hypothesize that continuous neural control of a bionic limb can restore biomimetic gait after below-knee amputation when residual muscle afferents are augmented. To test this hypothesis, we present a neuroprosthetic interface consisting of surgically connected, agonist–antagonist muscles including muscle-sensing electrodes. In a cohort of seven leg amputees, the interface is shown to augment residual muscle afferents by 18% of biologically intact values. Compared with a matched amputee cohort without the afferent augmentation, the maximum neuroprosthetic walking speed is increased by 41%, enabling equivalent peak speeds to persons without leg amputation. Further, this level of afferent augmentation enables biomimetic adaptation to various walking speeds and real-world environments, including slopes, stairs and obstructed pathways. Our results suggest that even a small augmentation of residual muscle afferents restores biomimetic gait under continuous neuromodulation in individuals with leg amputation.
Archaeological evidence of an ethnographically documented Australian Aboriginal ritual dated to the last ice age
Authors: Bruno David, Russell Mullett, Nathan Wright, Birgitta Stephenson, Jeremy Ash, Joanna Fresløv, Jean-Jacques Delannoy, Matthew C McDowell, Jerome Mialanes, Fiona Petchey, Lee J Arnold, Ashleigh J Rogers, Joe Crouch, Helen Green, Chris Urwin, Carney D Matheson
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2024)

Abstract In societies without writing, ethnographically known rituals have rarely been tracked back archaeologically more than a few hundred years. At the invitation of GunaiKurnai Aboriginal Elders, we undertook archaeological excavations at Cloggs Cave in the foothills of the Australian Alps. In GunaiKurnai Country, caves were not used as residential places during the early colonial period (mid-nineteenth century CE), but as secluded retreats for the performance of rituals by Aboriginal medicine men and women known as ‘mulla-mullung’, as documented by ethnographers. Here we report the discovery of buried 11,000- and 12,000-year-old miniature fireplaces with protruding trimmed wooden artefacts made of Casuarina wood smeared with animal or human fat, matching the configuration and contents of GunaiKurnai ritual installations described in nineteenth-century ethnography. These findings represent 500 generations of cultural transmission of an ethnographically documented ritual practice that dates back to the end of the last ice age and that contains Australia’s oldest known wooden artefacts.
Ensuring an inclusive, trans-led future for the field of trans health
Authors: Damien W. Riggs, A.J. Lowik, Arjee Javellana Restar, Avery Everhart, Elle Lett, Ada S. Cheung, Manvi Arora, Gareth J. Treharne, Shoshana Rosenberg
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)
Examining the training needs and perspectives of Italian general practitioners on transgender and gender diverse healthcare: Insights from a national survey
Authors: Matteo Marconi, Luisa Brogonzoli, Angela Ruocco, Elisa Sala, Sara D’Arienzo, Martina Manoli, Maria Teresa Pagano, Alessandra Daphne Fisher, Rosaria Iardino, Rosa Pedale, Ignazio Grattagliano, Claudio Cricelli, Marina Pierdominici
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Introduction General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in supporting transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals by providing healthcare, information, and referrals. However, a major challenge arises from the insufficient training of healthcare professionals in TGD healthcare. The lack of research on the training needs of GPs in this area further exacerbates the issue. To address this gap, we conducted a national survey aimed at Italian GPs to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward the health of TGD individuals.
Oral Insulin Delay of Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes Revisited in <i>HLA DR4-DQ8</i> Participants in the TrialNet Oral Insulin Prevention Trial (TN07)
Authors: Lue Ping Zhao, George K. Papadopoulos, Jay S. Skyler, Hemang M. Parikh, William W. Kwok, George P. Bondinas, Antonis K. Moustakas, Ruihan Wang, Chul-Woo Pyo, Wyatt C. Nelson, Daniel E. Geraghty, Åke Lernmark
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To explore if oral insulin could delay onset of stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) among patients with stage 1/2 who carry HLA DR4-DQ8 and/or have elevated levels of IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2As). RESEARCH AND METHODS Next-generation targeted sequencing technology was used to genotype eight HLA class II genes (DQA1, DQB1, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5, DPA1, and DPB1) in 546 participants in the TrialNet oral insulin preventative trial (TN07). Baseline levels of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), GAD65 (GADA), and IA-2A were determined prior to treatment assignment. Available clinical and demographic covariables from TN07 were used in this post hoc analysis with the Cox regression model to quantify the preventive efficacy of oral insulin. RESULTS Oral insulin reduced the frequency of T1D onset among participants with elevated IA-2A levels (HR 0.62; P = 0.012) but had no preventive effect among those with low IA-2A levels (HR 1.03; P = 0.91). High IA-2A levels were positively associated with the HLA DR4-DQ8 haplotype (OR 1.63; P = 6.37 × 10−6) and negatively associated with the HLA DR7–containing DRB1*07:01-DRB4*01:01-DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:02 extended haplotype (OR 0.49; P = 0.037). Among DR4-DQ8 carriers, oral insulin delayed the progression toward stage 3 T1D onset (HR 0.59; P = 0.027), especially if participants also had high IA-2A level (HR 0.50; P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the presence of a T1D endotype characterized by HLA DR4-DQ8 and/or elevated IA-2A levels; for those patients with stage 1/2 disease with such an endotype, oral insulin delays the clinical T1D onset.
Biologics or Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Who are Insufficient Responders to Conventional Anti-Rheumatic Drugs
Authors: Ennio Giulio Favalli, Gabriella Maioli, Roberto Caporali
Journal: Drugs (2024)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease which can induce progressive disability if not properly treated early. Over the last 20 years, the improvement of knowledge on the pathogenesis of the disease has made available several drugs targeting key elements of the pathogenetic process, which now represent the preferred treatment option after the failure of first-line therapy with conventional drugs such as methotrexate (MTX). To this category of targeted drugs belong anti-cytokine or cell-targeted biological agents and more recently also Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis). In the absence to date of specific biomarkers to guide the therapeutic choice in the context of true precision medicine, the choice of the first targeted drug after MTX failure is guided by treatment cost (especially after the marketing of biosimilar products) and by the clinical characteristics of the patient (age, sex, comorbidities and compliance) and the disease (presence or absence of autoantibodies and systemic or extra-articular manifestations), which may influence the efficacy and safety profile of the available products. This viewpoint focuses on the decision-making process underlying the personalized approach to RA therapy and will analyse the evidence in the literature supporting the choice of individual products and in particular the differential choice between biological drugs and JAKis.
Adapting to the Changing Landscape of Open Access Medical Publishing at <i>JAMA Network Open</i>
Authors: Eli N. Perencevich
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

cited several trends as motivations for starting a new open-access general medical journal.These included the expansion of global investment in scientific research, the migration from print to digital delivery of journal content, and calls to ensure the benefits of funded scholarship were made readily available worldwide. 2 By any measure, JAMA Network Open has been an extraordinary success.Since 2019, we have seen submissions increase from 3100 to nearly 15 000 in 2023.Our publication rate has grown from a few articles published every Friday to a mean of 40 articles spread across the workweek.Importantly, the quality and reach of the articles has increased in tandem.In 2023, JAMA Network Open published 1960 research articles, and 202 of these were reports of clinical trials.Articles published in JAMA Network Open last year had more than 30 million views and 73 000 media mentions. 3JAMA Network Open's impact factor is one of the highest among general medical open-access journals.There are many reasons that JAMA Network Open has emerged as the world's leading large-volume open-access journal, including its synergy with the other 12 journals that comprise JAMA Network.What cannot be overstated in the journal's growth and success has been the commitment and vision of its first editor in chief. With Immense Gratitude to Frederick P. RivaraIt is nearly impossible to express the appreciation that the medical community, the entire JAMA Network, and JAMA Network Open have for Dr Rivara for his leadership during the past 24 years.
The Role of Family Support in Moderating Mental Health Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth in Primary Care
Authors: Joseph DelFerro, Joseph Whelihan, Jungwon Min, Maura Powell, Gabrielle DiFiore, Ari Gzesh, Scott Jelinek, Karen T. G. Schwartz, Molly Davis, Jason D. Jones, Alexander G. Fiks, Brian P. Jenssen, Sarah Wood
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning (LGBTQ+) youth face worse mental health outcomes than non-LGBTQ+ peers. Family support may mitigate this, but sparse evidence demonstrates this in clinical settings.
Cataract Development Among Pediatric Patients With Uveitis
Authors: Alan Y. Hsu, Hou-Ting Kuo, Chun-Ju Lin, Ning-Yi Hsia, Shu-Chun Kuo, Chang-Ching Wei, Chun-Ting Lai, Huan-Sheng Chen, Yu-Hsun Wang, James Cheng-Chung Wei, Yi-Yu Tsai
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The long-term estimated risk of development of cataracts among pediatric patients with uveitis is not clear. Objective To describe factors associated with the development of cataracts among pediatric patients with uveitis. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used the international TriNetX database to enroll pediatric patients with and without uveitis from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2022. The nonuveitis cohort consisted of randomly selected control patients matched by age, sex, race and ethnicity, and specific comorbidities. Exposure Diagnosis of uveitis, identified using diagnostic codes. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the risk of developing cataracts among the uveitis group compared with the nonuveitis comparison group, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs reported. Results A total of 22 687 pediatric patients with uveitis (mean [SD] age, 10.3 [5.6] years; 54.2% male) and 22 687 comparators without uveitis (mean [SD] age, 10.3 [5.6] years; 54.5% male) were enrolled in the study. The risk of cataracts was increased among pediatric patients with uveitis up to a follow-up duration of 20 years (HR, 17.17; 95%CI, 12.90-22.80) from the index date. Subgroup analyses revealed an elevated cataract risk across age groups: 0 to 6 years (HR, 19.09; 95% CI, 10.10-36.00), 7 to 12 years (HR, 27.16; 95% CI, 15.59-47.20), and 13 to 18 years (HR, 13.39; 95% CI, 8.84-20.30); both female sex (HR, 13.76; 95% CI, 9.60-19.71) and male sex (HR, 11.97; 95% CI, 8.47-16.91); and Asian (HR, 13.80; 95% CI, 3.28-58.07), Black or African American (HR, 10.41; 95% CI, 5.60-19.36), and White (HR, 15.82; 95% CI, 11.05-22.60) race. Furthermore, increased cataract risks were also observed among those with and without a history of immunosuppressive agents (with: HR, 26.52 [95% CI, 16.75-41.90]; without: HR, 17.69 [95% CI: 11.39-27.40]), a history of steroid eye drop use (with: HR, 29.51 [95% CI, 14.56-59.70]; without: HR, 16.49 [95% CI, 11.92-22.70]), and a history of intraocular procedures (with: HR, 11.07 [95%CI, 4.42-27.71]; without: HR, 14.49 [95% CI, 10.11-20.70]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of pediatric patients with uveitis, an elevated risk of cataracts following a uveitis diagnosis was found compared with pediatric patients without uveitis. The findings suggest that pediatric patients with uveitis should be monitored for cataract development.
A Patient With Proteinuria, Myalgias, and Decreased Pigmentation of Facial Skin
Authors: Shan Wu, Bo Han, Xishan Xiong
Journal: JAMA (2024)

A patient had bilateral leg edema, insomnia, myalgias, paresthesias in the fingertips, lighter pigmentation of the facial skin compared with other areas of the body, proteinuria, and an elevated creatinine level. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?
Clinician- and Patient-Directed Communication Strategies for Patients With Cancer at High Mortality Risk
Authors: Samuel U. Takvorian, Peter Gabriel, E. Paul Wileyto, Daniel Blumenthal, Sharon Tejada, Alicia B. W. Clifton, David A. Asch, Alison M. Buttenheim, Katharine A. Rendle, Rachel C. Shelton, Krisda H. Chaiyachati, Oluwadamilola M. Fayanju, Susan Ware, Lynn M. Schuchter, Pallavi Kumar, Tasnim Salam, Adina Lieberman, Daniel Ragusano, Anna-Marika Bauer, Callie A. Scott, Lawrence N. Shulman, Robert Schnoll, Rinad S. Beidas, Justin E. Bekelman, Ravi B. Parikh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Serious illness conversations (SICs) that elicit patients' values, goals, and care preferences reduce anxiety and depression and improve quality of life, but occur infrequently for patients with cancer. Behavioral economic implementation strategies (nudges) directed at clinicians and/or patients may increase SIC completion.