tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitigating the Impact of Retracted Studies in the Medical Literature
Authors: Cary P. Gross, Annette Flanagin, Eli N. Perencevich, Sharon K. Inouye
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Accuracy of New John Cunningham Virus Antibody Assay in Natalizumab-Treated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Liza M. Y. Gelissen, Martijn T. Wijburg, Eva M. M. Strijbis, Bob W. van Oosten, Brigit A. de Jong, Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag, Theo Rispens, Mariet C. W. Feltkamp, Zoé L. E. van Kempen, Joep Killestein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

This cross-sectional study examines the increase in positive results for John Cunningham virus antibodies and higher risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy among patients with multiple sclerosis receiving natalizumab.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Vincy Chan, Clarissa Serafine Wirianto, Robert Balogh, Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa, Michael David Escobar
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

This cohort study examines incident and subsequent health care visits associated with traumatic brain injury and stratified by social determinants of health.
Tolerance of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy—Reply
Authors: Adeoluwa Ayoola, Alison Ohringer, Oanh Kieu Nguyen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Hours Worked and Clinical Workforce Equivalent Patterns in the Pediatric Subspecialty Workforce
Authors: Colin J. Orr, Laurel K. Leslie, Andy Knapton, Adam L. Turner, Erin P. Fraher
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study examines the self-reported allocation of work over a 10-year period by US pediatricians in 14 subspecialties.
Tolerance of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy
Authors: Oscar M. P. Jolobe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Dietary Modification and Supplement Use For Endometriosis Pain
Authors: Francesca Hearn-Yeates, Katherine Edgley, Andrew W. Horne, Siobhain M. O’Mahony, Philippa T. K. Saunders
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This survey study examines which dietary modifications or supplements were perceived as beneficial for pain management by individuals with endometriosis.
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: So Yeon Kim, Henry S. Park, Anne C. Chiang
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with an incidence of 4.7 cases per 100 000 individuals in 2021 in the US and a 5-year overall survival of 12% to 30%. Observations Cigarette smoking is the primary risk factor for development of SCLC, as 95% of patients diagnosed with SCLC have a history of tobacco use. Patients with SCLC may present with respiratory symptoms such as cough (40%), shortness of breath (34%), hemoptysis (10%), or metastases with corresponding local symptoms (30%) such as pleuritis or bone pain; approximately 60% of patients with SCLC may be asymptomatic at diagnosis. Chest imaging may demonstrate central hilar (85%) or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (75%). At diagnosis, approximately 15% of patients have brain metastases, which may present as headache or focal weakness. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy of a primary lung mass, thoracic lymph node, or metastatic lesion. Small cell lung cancer is classified into limited stage (LS-SCLC; 30%) vs extensive stage (ES-SCLC; 70%) based on whether the disease can be treated within a radiation field that is typically confined to 1 hemithorax but may include contralateral mediastinal and supraclavicular nodes. For patients with LS-SCLC, surgery or concurrent chemotherapy with platinum-etoposide and radiotherapy is potentially curative in 30% of patients. More recently, median survival for LS-SCLC has reached up to 55.9 months with the addition of durvalumab, an immunotherapy. First-line treatment for ES-SCLC is combined treatment with platinum-etoposide chemotherapy and immunotherapy with the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors durvalumab or atezolizumab followed by maintenance immunotherapy until disease progression or toxicity. Although initial rates of tumor shrinkage are 60% to 70% with platinum-etoposide and immunotherapy treatment, the median overall survival of patients treated for ES-SCLC is approximately 12 to 13 months, with 60% of patients relapsing within 3 months. Second-line therapy for patients with ES-SCLC includes the DNA-alkylating agent lurbinectedin (35% overall response rate; median progression-free survival, 3.7 months) and a bispecific T-cell engager against delta-like ligand 3, tarlatamab (40% overall response rate; median progression-free survival, 4.9 months). Conclusions and Relevance Small cell lung cancer is a smoking-related malignancy that presents at an advanced stage in 70% of patients. Three-year overall survival is approximately 56.5% for LS-SCLC and 17.6% for ES-SCLC. First-line treatment for LS-SCLC is radiation targeting the tumor given concurrently with chemotherapy and followed by consolidation immunotherapy. For ES-SCLC, first-line treatment is chemotherapy and immunotherapy followed by maintenance immunotherapy.
Using Pharmacologic Smoking Cessation Treatments in Pregnancy
Authors: Tim Coleman, Sophie Orton
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Inclusion of Retracted Studies in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Interventions
Authors: Carolina Graña Possamai, Guillaume Cabanac, Elodie Perrodeau, Lina Ghosn, Philippe Ravaud, Isabelle Boutron
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Retractions are rising in the scientific literature, increasing the risk of reusing unreliable results. Objectives To identify reports of systematic reviews that included retracted studies in their meta-analyses, and to assess the impact of these retracted studies on the results. Design, Setting, and Participants In this systematic review and meta-analysis the Feet of Clay Detector tool was searched to identify all systematic reviews that reported at least 1 meta-analysis including at least 1 retracted study and were published in the 25 highest impact factor journals in medicine, general and internal, from January 2013 to April 2024. All effect estimates where the retracted study contributed to the analysis were identified. For each meta-analysis, the summary effect, including all studies and excluding retracted studies was calculated. The search was conducted on April 8, 2024. Results Overall, 61 systematic reviews were identified that included retracted studies in their meta-analyses. Of these, 11 (18%) have been republished, retracted, or withdrawn. Data were extracted from 50 systematic reviews that included a total of 62 retracted studies. Retraction occurred after the publication in 37 systematic reviews (74%). Overall, 173 meta-analyses including the retracted study were identified; 70 of them (40%) were primary outcomes. One-hundred sixty-six meta-analyses were recalculated. Overall, 160 (96%) of the 166 recalculated effect estimates were within the CIs of the original effect. After exclusion of the retracted study, the statistical significance of the results changed in 18 meta-analyses (11%). The rate of evolution between effect estimates with and without retracted studies for 163 meta-analyses overall were calculated, including 64 addressing the primary outcomes of the systematic reviews. For primary outcomes (n = 64), the recalculated effect estimates changed by at least 10% in 27 meta-analyses (42%), 30% in 16 (25%), and 50% in 12 (19%). Overall (n = 163), effect estimates changed by at least 10% in 57 meta-analyses (35%), 30% in 31 (19%), and 50% in 23 (14%). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that retracted studies have been included in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, with retractions occurring mainly after the publication of the systematic review. The inclusion of retracted studies can impact the results and interpretation of reviews. Quality control measures should be implemented to prevent the dissemination of unreliable data in scientific literature.
Risk of Major Congenital Malformations Following Prenatal Exposure to Smoking Cessation Medicines
Authors: Duong T. Tran, Jacqueline M. Cohen, Sarah Donald, Carolyn E. Cesta, Kari Furu, Lianne Parkin, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Johan Reutfors, Annelies L. Robijn, Helga Zoega, Nicholas Zwar, Alys Havard
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), varenicline, and bupropion are effective smoking cessation pharmacotherapies, but evidence on fetal safety is limited. Objective To assess whether prenatal use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies was associated with increased risks of major congenital malformations (MCMs). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was conducted across 4 countries, and results were pooled via meta-analyses. Records of all births (2001-2020) in New South Wales (NSW; Australia), New Zealand (NZ), Norway, and Sweden were linked to prescribed medicine dispensings, hospital admission, outpatient, and death data. Follow-up ended December 31, 2021, and the data were analyzed between August and October 2023. The base cohort comprised 391 474 infants among 267 522 women who smoked during the first trimester or were dispensed a smoking cessation pharmacotherapy 90 days before conception or during the first trimester. Exposures Supply of NRT, varenicline, and bupropion overlapping the first trimester. Unexposed infants were born to women who smoked but were not dispensed a pharmacotherapy 90 days preconception and the first trimester. Propensity score matching (1:10) was used. Main Outcomes and Measures MCM overall and subgroups. Results The mean (SD) maternal age at childbirth was 27.2 (6.0) years. Analyses included 9325 infants exposed to NRT (NSW, NZ), 3031 to varenicline (NSW, NZ, Norway, and Sweden), and 1042 to bupropion (NSW, NZ). Compared with unexposed infants, there were no differences in prevalence of MCMs overall following NRT exposure (37.6 vs 34.4 per 1000 live births; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.10; 95% CI, 0.98-1.22), varenicline (32.7 vs 36.6; aRR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.73-1.10), or bupropion (35.5 vs 38.8; aRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.67-1.29). NRT analyses showed no difference in the risk of MCMs of the heart, limbs, genital organs, kidney/urinary tract, respiratory system, and orofacial clefts but a higher risk of digestive organ MCMs (3.8 vs 2.5 per 1000 live births; aRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.05-2.23; P = .41 after multiple comparison adjustment). Varenicline analyses revealed no difference in the risk of heart, limb, and genital MCMs but a higher risk of kidney/urinary tract MCMs (11.5 vs 4.2 per 1000 live births; aRR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.42-5.34; P = .09 after multiple comparison adjustment), with findings for other MCMs being too imprecise. For bupropion, data were too sparse to estimate the risk of MCM subgroups. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cohort study suggest that there is no clear increased risk of MCMs associated with prenatal use of NRT and varenicline compared with smoking during the first trimester.
Evidence-Informed Quality Indicators for Pediatric Trauma Care
Authors: Lynne Moore, Natalie L. Yanchar, Pier-Alexandre Tardif, Matthew Weiss, Emilie Beaulieu, Antonia Stang, Isabelle Gagnon, Belinda Gabbe, Thomas Stelfox, Ian Pike, Alison Macpherson, Simon Berthelot, Terry Klassen, Suzanne Beno, Sasha Carsen, Mélanie Labrosse, Roger Zemek, Fran Priestap, Brett Burstein, Katherine E. Remick, Keith Owen Yeates, Neil Merritt, Nathan Kuppermann, Ruth Loellgen, Naomi Davis, Fiona Lecky, Warwick Teague, Andrew Holland, Christian Malo, Marianne Beaudin, Patrick Archambault, Gabrielle Freire
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Despite the unique physiological characteristics and health care needs of pediatric trauma patients, there is a lack of quality indicators (QIs) based on pediatric-specific evidence to support quality improvement in this population. Objective To develop a consensus-based set of QIs for acute pediatric trauma care that considers evidence on effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, equity, and caregiver perspectives and is applicable in pediatric and nonpediatric trauma centers. Design, Setting, and Participants A modified Research and Development (RAND)/University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) expert consensus study was conducted consisting of an online survey and a virtual workshop, led by an independent moderator. Panelists represented key areas of pediatric trauma patient management, diverse care settings (from level I pediatric trauma centers to level III referring centers), 5 high-resource countries, and caregivers. Data were analyzed from May to August 2024. Exposure Likert-scale ratings of 41 QIs. Main Outcomes and Measures Panelists rated 41 QIs on a 7-point Likert scale according to 4 criteria: importance, supporting evidence, actionability, and measurability. QIs with a global score of 24 of 28 or greater and an importance score of 6 of 7 or greater were considered accepted by consensus. Results A total of 65 experts were invited, of whom 59 accepted (91%; 25 over 50 years of age [44.7%]; 34 female [60.7%]), 56 (95%) completed the first round, and 54 (92%) completed both rounds. Twenty-three QIs were selected covering key areas of acute pediatric trauma management (eg, transfer to a pediatric trauma center for neurotrauma or major multisystem trauma, documentation of vital signs, early rehabilitation, nutritional support), the most common types of injuries (eg, hypertonic saline in severe traumatic brain injury, stabilization of femoral shaft fractures, nonoperative management of solid organ injuries), value in care (eg, imaging in children at low risk on a clinical decision rule), patient-centered care (eg, designated support person, caregiver presence), and equity (eg, mental health screening). Conclusions These results may be used by trauma quality improvement programs in high-resource countries to select context-specific quality indicators to improve the effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness, equity, and patient-centered nature of pediatric trauma care.
Oral decitabine cedazuridine with and without venetoclax in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a propensity score–matched study
Authors: Alex Bataller, Koji Sasaki, Samuel Urrutia, Guillermo Montalban-Bravo, Alexandre Bazinet, Kelly Chien, Danielle Hammond, Ian M. Bouligny, Mahesh Swaminathan, Ghayas Issa, Nicholas Short, Naval Daver, Courtney D. DiNardo, Tapan Kadia, Elias Jabbour, Farhad Ravandi, Gail J. Roboz, Michael Savona, Elizabeth A. Griffiths, James McCloskey, Olatoyosi Odenike, Aram Oganesian, Harold N. Keer, Mohammad Azab, Hagop Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) are indicated in the treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). The combination of hypomethylating agents with venetoclax (Ven) has demonstrated promising results in these diseases, although randomized clinical trials are needed for validation. In this retrospective study, we compared two matched cohorts of patients with MDS or CMML: one receiving oral decitabine-cedazuridine (DEC-C, n = 73) and one receiving DEC-C and Ven (DEC-C-Ven, n = 51), in three contemporary clinical trials. The aim is to determine the impact of the addition of Ven to HMA in MDS and CMML. Individuals were matched using a propensity score approach that was based on the IPSS-M score and age. All patients had excess blasts; 84% were diagnosed with MDS and 16% with CMML. Most patients had high- or very high-risk disease, according to the revised IPSS-R. The overall response rate was superior in the DEC-C-Ven cohort (90% vs 64%, P = 0.002). The median times to best response were 1.1 and 2.7 months for the DEC-C-Ven and DEC-C cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001). More patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the DEC-C-Ven cohort (47%) than in the DEC-C cohort (16%, P < 0.001). The 4- and 8-week mortality did not significantly differ between the DEC-C and DEC-C-Ven cohorts. Patients in the DEC-C-Ven cohort had a more profound neutropenia at days 15 and 21 of the first cycle. The median overall survival was 24 and 19 months for the DEC-C-Ven and DEC-C cohorts, respectively (P = 0.89), and the median event-free survival durations were 18 and 10 months (P = 0.026). In conclusion, the addition of Ven resulted in improved response rates and outcomes in specific subgroups; prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Dynamic Relationships Among Continuous Glucose Metrics and Momentary Cognitive Performance in Diverse Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Claire J. Hoogendoorn, Raymond Hernandez, Stefan Schneider, Anne Peters, Meredith Hawkins, Elizabeth A. Pyatak, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Despite established relationships between glycemia and cognition, few studies have evaluated within-person changes over time. We paired continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) with ambulatory cognitive testing to examine bidirectional associations among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants wore blinded CGM and completed ambulatory tests of perceptual speed and sustained attention five or six times daily for 14 days. CGM metrics were calculated over 3-h periods (mean glucose, %time in range [70–180 mg/dL], %time in low [&amp;lt;70 mg/dL], %time in high [181–250 mg/dL], %time in very high [&amp;gt;250 mg/dL], and coefficient of variation). Immediate glucose values within 15 min of cognitive assessments were also examined. Dynamic structural equation models evaluated bidirectional relationships over sequential 3-h periods. RESULTS Among 182 diverse adults with T1D (age 40 ± 14 years, 46% male, 41% Latino, 29% White, 15% Black), more time in low glucose over 3 h was associated with slower perceptual speed at the end of that interval (P &amp;lt; 0.05) but not 3 h later. More time in high glucose (&amp;gt;250) was associated with faster perceptual speed initially but slower speed 3 h later (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Physical activity partially mediated the effect of high glucose on slower perceptual speed. Glycemia did not predict attention scores within persons. Lower attention and higher perceptual speed predicted higher mean glucose and more time in very high glucose over the following 3 h (P &amp;lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These novel observations of significant bidirectional association between glycemia and cognitive performance over the course of the day among adults with T1D emphasize the importance of examining within-person longitudinal effects over different time frames.