tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17307: Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Promotes a Shift in Adipocyte Phenotype in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Brian Sansbury, Jason Hellmann, Yunan Tang, Kathie Nichol, Matthew Spite, Aruni Bhatnagar, Bradford G Hill
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Obesity and diabetes are the most pressing health issues of our time. Current CDC estimates show that over two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese and nearly 10% display frank type 2 diabetes. Although a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been linked to insulin resistance, it is not known how increasing NO affects diet-induced obesity and diabetes. We hypothesized that overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) would mitigate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Mice overexpressing eNOS (eNOS TG ) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice (WT) were placed on either 60% high fat or 10% low fat diet for six weeks. The eNOS TG mice showed a striking resistance to diet-induced obesity compared with WT mice, as evidenced by decreased weight gain (4.29±1.04g vs. 9.00±1.52g; n=13, p&lt;0.05), despite nearly identical increases in plasma cholesterol and similar glucose and insulin intolerance. This resistance to obesity was further supported by the differences evident in adipocyte morphology. The mean adipocyte area of the high fat-fed eNOS TG mice was decreased compared with WT mice (1949±461µm 2 vs. 4022±249µm 2 n=7, p&lt;0.05). Adipose tissue of eNOS TG mice also showed increased mitochondrial content compared with WT mice. Protein levels of the mitochondrial proteins cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, as well as PGC1α and Sirt3 were increased by two fold or greater (p&lt;0.05). However, no increase in UCP-1 levels was detected. Extracellular flux analysis of differentiated 3T3 adipocytes treated with an NO donor (DETA-NONOate) showed increases in oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation compared with untreated adipocytes (n=5, p&lt;0.05). The triglyceride content of differentiated 3T3 adipocytes was decreased by nearly half after incubation with NO in culture. These data suggest that overexpression of eNOS prevents diet-induced obesity and promotes a shift in the adipocytes to a previously un-described phenotype characterized by increased mitochondria and fat oxidation capacity.
Abstract 1241: Tight Glycemic Control Reduces the Incidence of Myocardial Infarction only in Dm Individuals with the Hp 2–2 Genotype
Authors: Uzi Milman, Shany Blum, Chen Shapira, Andrew Levy
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. The Haptoglobin (Hp) gene is polymorphic in man with two classes of alleles denoted 1 and 2. Several studies have demonstrated that individuals with DM and the Hp 2–2 genotype are at increased risk for MI. We sought to determine if this relationship between Hp genotype and the risk of MI was affected by the degree of glycemic control in a community based longitudinal study. Methods. We obtained a Hp genotype on 2230 individuals (283 Hp 1–1, 1241 Hp 2–1 and 706 Hp 2–2), 55 years of age or older with DM from Northern Israel. Study participants were followed for up to 3 years for the incidence of MI. Results. At baseline there were no significant differences between groups in their DM characteristics (HbA1c, duration) or in the prevalence of CVD (25%). After stratification of study participants to those with an average HbA1c of above or below 7.0, we found that only in individuals with the Hp 2–2 genotype was strict glycemic control associated with a reduction in the incidence of MI (RR 2.80, 95% CI 1.33– 6.92, p=0.0195, NNT=30.7). Conclusions. Optimal utilization of health care resources for risk factor modification should be focused on DM individuals with the Hp 2–2 genotype. Benefit from tight glycemic control only in a subset of the DM cohort defined by the Hp 2–2 genotype may explain the inability to show a benefit from tight glycemic control on reducing MI in all individuals with DM.
High prevalence of antibodies to the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in the Norwegian population following a major epidemic and a large vaccination campaign in autumn 2009
Authors: K Waalen, A Kilander, S G Dudman, G H Krogh, T Aune, O Hungnes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

The prevalence of antibodies reactive to the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was determined in sera collected before the start of the pandemic, during the early phase, and after the main epidemic wave and nationwide vaccination campaign in Norway. A substantial rise in prevalence of antibodies at protective titres, from 3.2% to 44.9%, was observed between August 2009 and January 2010. The highest prevalence, 65.3%, was seen in the age group of 10-19 year-olds.
Surrogate Consent for Living Related Organ Donation
Authors: Katherine Brown-Saltzman, Allison Diamant, Iris Cohen Fineberg, H Albin Gritsch, Michael Keane, Stanley Korenman, Michelle Lewis, Marshall Morgan, Les Rothenberg, Alexander Tymchuk, Fredda Weiss, Irwin Weiss, Neil Wenger, Fran Wiley
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meta-Analyses of Therapies for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2002)

III. Risedronate Ann Cranney, MD, MSc; Peter Tugwell, MD, MSc; Jonathan Adachi, MD; Bruce Weaver, MSc; Nicole Zytaruk, RN; Alexandra Papaioannou, MD; Vivian Robinson, MSc, Beverley Shea, BScN, MSc; George Wells, PhD; Gordon Guyatt, MD, MSc; the Osteoporosis Methodology Group; and the Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group IV. Raloxifene Ann Cranney, MD, MSc; Peter Tugwell, MD, MSc; Nicole Zytaruk, RN; Vivian Robinson, MSc; Bruce Weaver, MSc; Jonathan Adachi, MD; George Wells, PhD; Beverley Shea, BScN, MSc; Gordon Guyatt, MD, MSc; the Osteoporosis Methodology Group; and the Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group
Anal Carcinoma
Authors: Paul F. Engstrom, Juan Pablo Arnoletti, Al B. Benson, Jordan D. Berlin, J. Michael Berry, Yi-Jen Chen, Michael A. Choti, Harry S. Cooper, Raza A. Dilawari, Dayna S. Early, Peter C. Enzinger, Marwan G. Fakih, James Fleshman, Charles Fuchs, Jean L. Grem, James A. Knol, Lucille A. Leong, Edward Lin, Mary F. Mulcahy, Eric Rohren, David P. Ryan, Leonard Saltz, David Shibata, John M. Skibber, William Small, Constantinos Sofocleous, James Thomas, Alan P. Venook, Christopher Willett
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

An estimated 5290 new cases (2100 men and 3190 women) of anal cancer (involving the anus, anal canal, or anorectum) will occur in the United States in 2009, accounting for approximately 1.9% of digestive system cancers, 1 and an estimated 710 deaths due to anal cancer.Although considered to be a rare type of cancer, the incidence rate of invasive anal carcinoma in the United States increased by approximately 1.6fold for men and 1.5-fold for women from 1973-1979 to 1994-2000 2 (see Risk Factors, facing page).
Multimedia: When She Was Bad: How Women Get Away with Murder
Authors: Raj Persaud
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Patricia Pearson


Virago Press, £9.99, pp 304 




ISBN 1 86049 488 9

———————

Rating: ★★

North American data show that between the 1960s and 1990s arrests of women for aggravated assault trebled, arrests for robbery quadrupled, and the homicide rate increased by a third. Arrests of women for violent crime grew at more than twice the rate of those for men.

With figures like these, Patricia Pearson attempts to challenge the prevailing belief that female violence is such an extreme departure from the feminine traits of gentleness and compassion that mental illness must be invoked to explain it. Until recently, only 8% of studies on human aggression focused on women, and Pearson claims that this accounts for why the true extent of female aggression has been underestimated. She cites many examples of violence from the anthropological literature. For example, on Margarita Island, off the coast of Venezuela, women are clearly more violent than men, with female public brawls over paternity issues a common sight. The men are regularly assaulted by women relatives, in order to teach them “respect” for their womenfolk.

The book amasses some convincing evidence that the female contribution to violence has increased, and there is an original discussion of how much women might directly instigate violence between men. But, as is inevitably the case when a journalist tackles an issue, the author is too uncritical of her own thesis. There is too much reliance on the gripping anecdote to carry an argument rather than unearthing relevant data.

Whether the rise in female externally directed aggression might explain the recent drop in female suicidal activity compared with that in men is a matter of keen interest to psychiatrists, but this is glossed over. Similarly, Pearson neglects the interactionist and cognitive perspectives, in which all violence is seen as the product of an interaction between protagonists, and the choice of aggression makes sense if you believe it will get you what you want and you have few alternatives. The book also surprisingly fails to properly consider animal data, with the females of many species often being more aggressive than the males. But there is a useful take home message for clinicians: it might be wise to take the same precautions over personal safety when seeing an unknown female patient as you would with a new male patient.

Yet the anecdotes do stop you putting the book down and reaching for a more rigorous criminological text. For example, in a discussion among Los Angeles women attending a course on how to shoot for self defence, taught by the author of the book Armed and Female, it is explained that they are much better shots than men “because they don’t get into pecker contests.” The male smile freezes when he learns that in the United States today 12 million women have their own handguns and that a favourite graffito in women’s toilets is, “So many men. So little ammunition.”
Caring for Older People: Aids to compliance with medication
Authors: A J Corlett
Journal: BMJ (1996)

day; (b) methadone 150 mg (80 mg initially, 70 mg 5V/2 hours later), rifampicin 150 mg four times a day, isoniazid 100 mg three times a day; (c) methadone 80 mg; and (d) methadone 70 mg.Plasma methadone concen- * Involving carers in management of medication * Telling patients about common early side effects to which they may develop tolerance * Using drug diaries, calendars, or medication charts * Using ordinary bottle tops instead of child resistant containers * Using large print or jumbo labels on containers * Using compliance aids, such as dose reminders for tablets and devices to help with administration of inhalers, eye drops, etc. 926 BMJ voLuME 313 12 OCTOBER 1996 (days also marked in Braille) * Four compartments to each day * Single daily units are not detachable * Chart on underside for details ofpatient's treatment * Further refinements include a locking device and the Mediset Mini (a pocket sized container with 21 compartments, suitable for small tablets or capsules) * Though sliding lids on tablet tray have guides, they require considerable dexterity to remove and replace * Filled weekly by the patient, carer, or pharmacist Monitored dosage systems l ~' _ ._ _ _ .
Lesson of the Week: Nephrotic syndrome in childhood complicated by life threatening pulmonary oedema
Authors: C J D Reid, M J Marsh, I M Murdoch, G Clark
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A consensus statement on nephrotic syndrome from the British Association for Paediatric Nephrology has recently recommended intravenous 20% albumin for the management of hypovolaemia in this condition.1 The suggested dose is 1 g/kg over one to two hours followed by frusemide. Caution is required with this treatment, however, as considerable fluid shift may occur.2 We describe three children who were transferred to our paediatric intensive care unit because they had developed life threatening fluid overload and pulmonary oedema after receiving an excessive dose or too rapid infusion of 20% albumin.

Beware of infusing too much 20% albumin too quickly in children with nephrotic syndrome

A 4 year old girl presented to her local hospital with a 10 day history of periorbital and lower limb oedema, a three day history of diarrhoea and vomiting, and oliguria for the past 24 hours. Urine analysis showed heavy proteinuria. The plasma albumin concentration was 15 g/l, urea concentration 11.6 mmol/l, creatinine concentration 41 μmol/l, haemoglobin concentration 120 g/l, and urinary sodium concentration 11 mmol/l. Nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed, and oral prednisolone was started. Oliguria persisted and her weight increased. There was no response to intravenous frusemide. She was given 20% albumin at a dose of 3.5 g/kg ideal body weight over four hours. During the infusion she became breathless, cyanosed, and had a generalised seizure followed by respiratory arrest. At intubation pink frothy sputum welled from the trachea. Initial arterial blood gas tensions when she was ventilated with 100% oxygen were pH 6.87, Pco2 8.7 kPa, Po2 5.9 kPa, base excess -24.6. Central venous pressure was +20 cm H2O. …
Abstract 3220: Bivalirudin Monotherapy Provides Similar One-Year Survival Compared to Heparin plus GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes: Results from the Randomized ACUITY Trial
Authors: Frederick Feit, Stuart V Manoukian, George D Dangas, A. M Lincoff, E. M Ohman, Michael J Attubato, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Among diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the ACUITY trial, bivalirudin (Biv) monotherapy (Mono) provided similar survival and protection from ischemic events with significantly less major bleeding compared to heparin (unfractionated or enoxaparin) plus GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors (Hep+GPI) at 30 days. Whether this protection from ischemic events persists to one year is unknown. Methods: In the ACUITY trial, patients with moderate and high risk (ACS) were randomized to Hep+GPI, Biv+gPI, or Biv Mono. We evaluated the impact of treatment group on composite ischemia (death, MI, or unplanned revascularization) and mortality at one year in diabetic patients using Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log rank tests. Results: Of patients enrolled in the ACUITY trial, 3852 were diabetic (28.1%) and 9857 (71.9%) were non-diabetic. Compared with non-diabetics, diabetics had higher rates of mortality at one year (6.1% vs 3.4%, p&lt;0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of composite ischemia at one year for diabetic patients who received Biv Mono vs Hep+GPI (19.7% vs 18.9%, p=0.39) or Biv+GPI vs Hep+GPI (20.9% vs 18.9%, p=0.16). Mortality rates for diabetic patients by treatment group are shown below. Conclusions: In the ACUITY Trial, diabetic patients had lower survival rates at one year than non-diabetics. Among diabetic patients, treatment with Biv Mono resulted in similar rates of composite ischemia and survival at one year compared to those treated with Hep+GPI. Combined with the early reduction in major bleeding, these findings indicate that Biv Mono is a suitable alternative to Hep + GPI for diabetic patients with moderate and high risk ACS.
Mortality and Cardiovascular Events Are Best Predicted by Low Central/Peripheral Pulse Pressure Amplification But Not by High Blood Pressure Levels in Elderly Nursing Home Subjects
Authors: Athanase Benetos, Sylvie Gautier, Carlos Labat, Paolo Salvi, Filippo Valbusa, Francesca Marino, Olivier Toulza, Davide Agnoletti, Mauro Zamboni, Delphine Dubail, Patrick Manckoundia, Yves Rolland, Olivier Hanon, Christine Perret-Guillaume, Patrick Lacolley, Michel E. Safar, Francis Guillemin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 16089: Fluoxetine Rescues Psychological Stress-Induced Impairment of Neovascularisation
Authors: Fritz Maingrette, Julie Turgeon, Jessika Groleau, Gemma Perez, Sylvie Dussault, Alain Rivard
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Psychological stress (PS) and clinical depression are associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Here we tested the hypothesis that the antidepres...
Abstract 5533: Interactions Between Inward Rectifier K <sup>+</sup> Current And Abnormal Calcium Homeostasis Contribute To Altered Bathmotropic Threshold And Increased Spontaneous Activity In Nos3 <sup>−/−</sup> Mice
Authors: Arun Sridhar, Honglan Wang, Mark J Kohr, Cynthia Carnes, Mark T Ziolo
Journal: Circulation (2008)

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that there is prolonged action potential (AP) duration, greater L-type Ca 2+ current (I Ca ), and enhanced spontaneous activity (early and delayed afterdepolarizations) during β-adrenergic (β-AR) stimulation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (NOS3 −/− ) myocytes. Altered repolarization and/or diastolic depolarization may contribute to spontaneous activity and arrhythmogenesis and earlier studies suggested a role for NOS3 modulation of K + channels. HYPOTHESIS: We tested the hypothesis that NOS3 −/− myocytes have altered K + currents. METHODS: Ventricular myocytes were isolated from NOS3 −/− and wildtype (WT) mice. APs; transient outward (I to ), sustained (I Ksus ) and the inward rectifier (I K1 ) K + currents were measured at 36±1°C. RESULTS: No change in baseline AP duration or resting membrane potential was seen in NOS3 −/− vs WT myocytes (p = NS). AP duration at 90% repolarization during β-AR stimulation was longer in NOS3 −/− vs WT myocytes (102±11 msec vs 73±17 msec) consistent with our previous observations at room temperature. No differences in I to or I Ksus densities were seen between WT and NOS3 −/− . The peak outward I K1 current was not different between the two groups. Interestingly, NOS3 −/− myocytes had a reduced I K1 inward slope conductance vs. WT (0.27±0.005 vs. 0.34±0.001 mS/cm 2 ; p&lt;0.05). To address spontaneous activity in the setting of reduced inward I K1 , further experiments to assess intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium abnormalities were performed. A significant increase in β-AR stimulated SR Ca 2+ load (measured via caffeine) was found in NOS3 −/− vs WT myocytes (56±18 vs 28±8 % of without isoproterenol, p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: We suggest that in NOS3 −/− greater SR Ca 2+ load can cause spontaneous Ca 2+ release from SR, activating reverse mode Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, an inward transient current. The combination of increased cytosolic Ca 2+ resulting from higher β-AR stimulated I Ca and SR Ca 2+ load, in concert with decreased inward I K1 , provides a substrate for altered bathmotropic (excitability) threshold and arrhythmias in NOS3 −/− myocytes. This may have important implications for arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in heart failure, where NOS3 expression and I K1 current are decreased. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Great Rivers Affiliate (Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania &amp; West Virginia).
Drug treatment for obesity
Authors: J.-P. Despres
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Although obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is the commonest cause of complications such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases, doctors most often use drugs to treat the complications rather than the underlying condition. This situation can be attributed to several factors, including lack of recognition of obesity as an important causal factor, doctors' ignorance about the potential contribution of drugs to managing obesity, and a lack of evidence that weight loss drugs can help maintain a reduced body weight while improving the patient's health profile. A recent trial has now provided some good evidence of the long term effectiveness of a weight loss drug.

The recently published STORM (sibutramine trial of obesity reduction and maintenance) study1 differs from previous weight loss trials. Its objective was not to show that sibutramine, a drug acting on the central nervous system and increasing energy expenditure, could induce significant weight loss beyond that achieved by a reduced calorie diet or placebo—an effect that already has been well documented.2 Rather, it aimed to test whether sibutramine therapy for an additional period of 18 months could prevent weight regain among obese patients who had achieved a weight loss of over 5% over six months with an initial dose of 10 mg/day. …
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in baboons through an exclusive effect on the p55 receptor
Authors: T. Van Der Poll, P. M. Jansen, K. J. Van Zee, M. B. Welborn, I. De Jong, C. E. Hack, H. Loetscher, W. Lesslauer, S. F. Lowry, L. L. Moldawer
Journal: Blood (1996)
Hepatitis and HIV in Northern Ireland prisons: a cross-sectional study
Authors: K Danis, L Doherty, M McCartney, J McCarrol, H Kennedy
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

A study was undertaken in Northern Ireland (NI) prisons to (i) determine prevalence of bloodborne viruses among inmates, (ii) estimate the extent of self-reported risk behaviours. All three prisons in NI were included in the study. Outcome measures included (i) antibodies to hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis B (HBV) core antigen, HIV, (ii) self-reported risk behaviour. Five prisoners (0.75%) tested positive for HBV, seven (1.1%) for HCV and none for HIV. Eleven per cent reported ever having injected drugs. Of these, 20% had started injecting while in prison, and 12% shared injecting equipment in prison. Two per cent had completed HBV immunisation. Injecting drugs was associated with HCV (adjusted prevalence ratio=5.2; 95% CI 0.9-16) and HBV infection (adjusted prevalence ratio=4.1; 95% CI 0.7-23). The low prevalence of bloodborne viruses within NI prisons is not consistent with findings of studies in other countries, possibly reflecting the unique sociopolitical situation in NI. In spite of knowledge of the risks of transmission of bloodborne viruses in prison, high-risk practices are occurring. Preventing risk behaviours and transmission of infection in prisons now poses a challenge for health services in the United Kingdom.