tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smokers are more likely to quit as smoking prevalence decreases, study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Smokers are more likely to reduce their smoking and try to quit as the proportion of people who smoke in a population decreases, an international study has found,1 suggesting that current smoking reduction strategies are working and questioning claims that electronic (e) cigarettes provide a harm reduction strategy for smokers who are unable to quit.

Researchers analysed survey data on tobacco covering 18 years in the United States (1992-93 to 2010-11) and six years (2006 to 2012) in 31 European countries. The results, reported in Tobacco Control , showed that the number of people trying to quit …
Protecting families from recurrent stillbirth
Authors: A. E. P. Heazell, J. Clewlow
Journal: BMJ (2015)

All pregnancies that follow a stillbirth should be managed as high risk

Stillbirth is a tragedy for parents and has enduring medical, psychological, social, and economic consequences. It remains a major problem in the United Kingdom; in 2013, 3286 babies were stillborn after 24 weeks of pregnancy, equating to one in every 240 births.1 Since 2011, when the UK was ranked 33rd out of 35 high income countries for stillbirths, there has been a downward trend in the stillbirth rate, but this has not yet reached the lower levels seen in Scandinavia or the Netherlands.2

Identification of pregnancies at increased risk of stillbirth can help to prevent stillbirths by directing additional antenatal care and intervention to those most likely to benefit. Consequently, identification of risk factors is highly desirable.

In their meta-analysis of 16 studies of 3 412 079 women in this issue, Lamont and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.h3080) identify an increased risk of stillbirth in subsequent pregnancies after a previous pregnancy ended in stillbirth.3 This approximately fivefold increase in risk is greater than that of stillbirth associated with pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes or hypertension.4 Heightened antenatal surveillance is recommended in both of these maternal conditions and …
Erucylphosphohomocholine, the First Intravenously Applicable Alkylphosphocholine, Induces Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis, and Synergizes with Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells-a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Leukemia.
Authors: Veronica Papa, PierLuigi Tazzari, Francesca Chiarini, Francesca Ricci, Giovanni Martinelli, Andrea Bontadini, James McCubrey, Lars H Lindner, Hansjoerg Eibl, Alberto M. Martelli
Journal: Blood (2008)
Dermal delivery of HSP47 siRNA with NOX4-modulating mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles for treating fibrosis
Authors: Jingga Morry, Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul, Shenda Gu, Shaun M. Goodyear, David J. Castro, Moataz M. Reda, Thanapon Sangvanich, Wassana Yantasee
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Transcatheter Therapies for the Treatment of Valvular and Paravalvular Regurgitation in Acquired and Congenital Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Carlos E. Ruiz, Chad Kliger, Gila Perk, Francesco Maisano, Allison K. Cabalka, Michael Landzberg, Chet Rihal, Itzhak Kronzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Abstract 5009: Prothrombotic Effect After Aspirin Discontinuation is Cox 2-dependent
Authors: Christian Doutremepuich, Omar M Aguejouf, Vanessa L Desplat, Francisco X Eizayaga
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Aspirin (ASA) discontinuation for surgery or non-compliance increases the risk of a thrombotic accident or stent thrombosis, especially after the second week. Previous papers have shown that 8 to 10 days after a single high dose of ASA in the rat, a pro-thrombotic state develops. We hypothesized that insignificant amounts of ASA may remain after discontinuation and cause a prothrombotic COX 2-mediated effect. Mehtods: Wistar rats (1000) were separated into 100 groups. Induced hemorrhagic time in seconds (IHT) and Laser-induced thrombosis, expressed as number of emboli (NE), were used. ASA was injected in 100 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg or 1/100 dilutions (Dil) 5, 9 or 15, subcutaneously, in a final volume of 1 ml/kg. Sterilized water was used as placebo. Selective inhibitors of COX 1 (SC-560) or COX 2 (NS-398) were used at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg, intragastrically. Carboxy-methyl-cellulose, the vehicle of COX inhibitors, was used as control. Each group was compared with its control with the t-test, p&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: (only highest or lowest doses shown) the highest dose of ASA prolonged IHT and decreased thrombosis. A clear opposite trend was observed with the highest dilution, which generated a shortened IHT and an increased NE. SC-560 produced an effect similar to the higher doses of ASA, prolonged IHT and decreased NE, proportional to dose increase. This effect of COX 1 inhibition was antagonized by the highest ASA dilutions. NS-398 created a pro-thrombotic effect that was antagonized by ASA at higher doses. There was no further effect of the highest dilution of ASA after NS-398. Conclusion: There is a clear prothrombotic effect of ASA Dil 15 that is opposed to COX 1 inhibition and which is inhibited by COX 2 inhibition. COX 2 inhibition and Dil 15 of ASA have similar effects. The prothrombotic effect of the highest dilution of ASA is achieved through COX 2 inhibition and may be blamed for the thrombotic accidents and stent thrombosis described after ASA discontinuation.
Rapid induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic cells as a result of sonochemical effects generated by low energy ultrasonics: A promising tool
Authors: Laurence Lagneaux, Alain Delforge, Marielle Dejeneffe, Martine Massy, Baudouin Hannecart, Yves Canivet, Marie Françoise Lepeltier, Eric Cordemans de Meulenaer, Dominique Bron
Journal: Blood (2001)
Exhaled breath temperature increases at COPD exacerbation and correlates with sputum neutrophilia
Authors: Zsόfia Lázár, András Bikov, Gabriella Gálffy, Márta Orosz, György Losonczy, Ildikό Hováth
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Introduction:  Assessment of exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has been suggested as a novel tool to detect airway inflammation. EBT and the rate of temperature increase are altered in stable states of asthma and COPD compared to healthy controls. In asthma EBT correlates with eosinophil percentage in sputum. However, it is not known if EBT changes at acute exacerbation of COPD and how it relates to airway inflammation, spirometric values and patient9s health status.   Methods:  Ten patients with previously diagnosed COPD (age 63±11 years) were recruited 24 h within the onset of exacerbation (Anthonisen type I) and after systemic steroid and/or antibiotic treatment at recovery (7.6±1.4 days after). At visits EBT was recorded with a breath thermometer (X-Halo, Delmedica Investments Ltd, Singapore), spirometry was done, patients completed the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the first spontaneous sputum in the morning was collected and processed (Yamamoto C et al. Chest 1997). Paired t-test and Spearman correlation were used.   Results:  EBT at exacerbation was higher compared to that at recovery (34.42±0.73°C vs. 34.03±0.56°C, p=0.03). Sputum neutrophil percentage at exacerbation showed a positive correlation with EBT (r=0.78, p=0.02), and fell after treatment (57±12% vs. 39±18%, p=0.04). EBT at exacerbation was not related to spirometric variables or CAT score.   Conclusion:  EBT rises at acute exacerbation of COPD and it is associated with increased airway inflammation. Measuring exhaled breath temperature might be useful for monitoring airway inflammation in COPD.  The study was supported by Hungarian Respiratory Society grant (to Zsόfia Lazar) and OTKA 68808.
Evaluation of the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a phase III randomized adjuvant breast cancer (BC) trial (BIG 2-98) of node-positive (N+) BC comparing the addition of docetaxel to doxorubicin (A-T) with doxorubicin (A)-only chemotherapy (CT).
Authors: S. Loi, R. Salgado, F. Piette, N. Sirtaine, F. Van Eenoo, R. Kammler, G. Rouas, P. A. Francis, J. Crown, B. Nordenskjold, J. Gutierrez, M. Andersson, M. M. Vila, R. Jakesz, G. Viale, E. M. Quinaux, A. Di Leo, S. Michiels, C. Sotiriou, M. J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

556 Background: Previous clinical and preclinical data suggest a contribution of the immune system to prognosis and response to anthracycline CT, however clinical utility is yet to be established in BC. We hypothesized that TILs would be associated with prognosis and would predict increased benefit from A-based over A-T CT regimens in the triple negative (TN) and HER2+BC. Methods: We investigated the relationship between percentage of TILs (both intratumoral and peristromal) at diagnosis in 2016 N+ BC samples from the BIG 2-98 adjuvant phase III trial and clinical outcome from A-based (AC-CMF;A-CMF) or combination A-T (AT-CMF; A-T-CMF) CT (Francis et al., 2008). TILs were independently evaluated by two pathologists. Disease-free and overall survival (DFS, OS) associations were studied in a multivariate Cox model adjusted for other prognostic markers. Median FU is 93.6 months. Results: Correlation between pathologists was 0.67, p<0.001. There was no significant prognostic association in ER+/HER2- disease or Luminal-A or B phenotypes (central Ki67< or ≥14%). As a continuous variable (per 10% increments) TILs were an independent marker of better survival in TN BC regardless of CT type (DFS HR 0.89 [95%CI:0.81-0.99], p=0.03). For those TN BC with ≥50% TILs (10.5% of TN) the 5-yr DFS was 89% vs. 62% (p=0.018, HR 0.29 [0.11-0.81]). However, in HER2+ BC, TILs were associated with a better outcome with A-based over A-T CT (continuous variable interaction p=0.056). Those HER2+ BCs with ≥50% TILs (11% of HER2+) had a 5-yr DFS of 79% with A-only CT vs. 47% with A-T (HR 0.45 [0.12-1.71] and those HER2+ BCs with <50% had a 5-yr DFS of 58% vs. 73% respectively (HR 2.05 [1.41-2.97], test for interaction p=0.032). OS results were similar. Conclusions: The presence of TILs was associated with a better prognosis in N+ TN BC. However women with HER2+ BC and TILs at diagnosis had a significantly better outcome from A-alone based CT, compared with the addition of T. Evaluation of TILs should be considered in future clinical trials evaluating new therapies in TN and HER2+ BC.
A diagnostic and family study of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Jonathan Davidson, Marvin Swartz, Michael Storck, Ranga Rama Krishnan, Elliott Hammett
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

A family history study of 36 patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder revealed a positive history of familial psychopathology in 66% of the patients. Alcoholism, depression, and anxiety disorders were the disorders most commonly found. The patients also had a higher prevalence of alcoholic siblings than did a retrospectively derived control group of depressed and anxious male patients. With respect to the proportion of familial anxiety to familial depression, the probands with posttraumatic stress disorder more closely resembled probands with generalized anxiety than probands with depression. Every patient had experienced at least one significant psychiatric illness during his lifetime, most commonly alcohol abuse or depression.
Neuropsychological correlates of MRI temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia
Authors: Nestor Pg, Shenton Me, McCarley Rw, Haimson J, Smith Rs, O'Donnell B, Kimble M, Kikinis R, Jolesz Fa
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The authors evaluated the neuropsychological correlates of temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenic patients.Fifteen schizophrenic patients underwent assessment of memory, by the Wechsler Memory Scale--Revised, and abstraction/categorization, by the similarities subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Neuropsychological tests of motor and constructional functions were used as control tasks. The patients also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in which new neuroimaging techniques were used to derive measurements of volume and three-dimensional surface renderings of temporal lobe structures.Spearman rank-order correlations indicated significant associations between poor scores on tests of verbal memory, abstraction, and categorization and reduced volume in temporal lobe structures, including the parahippocampal gyrus and posterior superior temporal gyrus (left and right). By contrast, performance on tests of visual memory and on control tasks was not correlated with MRI temporal lobe abnormalities.These findings suggest a significant but modest relation between reduced volume in specific temporal lobe regions and neuropsychological deficits in abstraction, categorization, and verbal memory, all of which may reflect a dysfunctional semantic system in schizophrenia.
Abstract 78: Modified Rankin Score at Hospital Discharge Is Predictive of 1-Year Neurological Function in Survivors After Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Marvin Wayne, David Tupper, Tom Aufderheide, Brian Mahoney, Robert Swor, Robert Domeier, Michael Olinger, Richard Holcomb, Cindy Setum, Ralph Frascone
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: A randomized multicenter clinical trial compared standard CPR (S-CPR) with active compression decompression CPR plus an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ACD+ITD) in patients with non-traumatic, out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) from a presumed cardiac cause. Survival to hospital discharge (HD) with favorable neurologic function, defined as a modified Rankin Score (MRS) ≤3, and one year survival were greater in the ACD+ITD group. We evaluated the concordance of the primary endpoint, HD with MRS ≤3, with multiple secondary neurologic endpoints assessed at one year. Methods: A total of 813 patients were enrolled in the S-CPR group and 842 in the ACD+ITD group. MRS at HD, and Cerebral Performance Category (CPC), Overall Performance Category (OPC), Health Utilities Index (HUI) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) assessments were based on responses from consented survivors and known deaths at one year. Neurologic assessments were administered by research staff blinded to the CPR treatment. Survival data were available for 98% of subjects. Fisher’s Exact Test, Pearson Chi-Square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and t-test for Equality of Means were used, as applicable, for comparisons. All statistical tests were 2-sided and p-values &lt; 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results: The MRS (≤3 vs. &gt;3) neurological assessment at HD was highly predictive of whether or not a patient would be alive with favorable neurological function in both study groups, assessed using the CPC score (&lt;3 vs. ≥3) at one year (98.0% observed agreement, kappa = 0.800, p &lt; 0.001). Similar concordance was also shown with overall survival, OPC, HUI, CASI. Table shows data for MRS and CPC comparisons. Conclusion: Neurological status at the time of HD, as measured by MRS, is highly predictive of long-term neurological function at one year. This is the first time that the MRS at the time of HD has demonstrated the ability to predict long-term outcomes for patients with OHCA.
Abstract 413: Predictors of Exercise Capacity in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Multi-modality Imaging Study
Authors: Bethany A Austin, Deborah H Kwon, Zoran B Popovic, Maran Thamilarasan, Scott D Flamm, Harry M Lever, Milind Y Desai
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background:  There is variation in exercise capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients, despite similar degree of diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) and mitral regurgitation (MR). Pulse wave velocity (PWV), measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), is a marker of aortic stiffness and is abnormal in HCM vs. controls. We tested the association between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and various clinical/imaging predictors in HCM patients with preserved ejection fraction.   Methods:  Fifty consecutive, newly referred HCM patients (62% men, 44 +/− 13 years, 78 % on beta-blockers, 18 % hypertensives) underwent Doppler echocardiography (echo), cardiopulmonary exercise testing and CMR for symptom evaluation. Deceleration time (DT, msec), myocardial performance index (MPI or isovolumic contraction time + isovolumic relaxation time/ejection time), post exercise MR and LVOT gradient (mm Hg) were measured on echo. VO2 max (ml/kg/minute) was measured. LV volumetric indices were measured by CMR. PWV (m/s) was measured on velocity-encoded CMR as Δx/Δt (Δx = aortic path length between mid-ascending and mid-descending aorta, and Δt = time delay between arrival of the foot of PW between 2 points).   Results:  On echo, maximal post-exercise LVOT gradient, degree of MR, DT, MPI, degree of MR and VO2 max were 104±52 (range 65–198), 1±1, 240±79, 0.7±0.5 and 25±6 respectively. On CMR, mean basal septal thickness (cm), PWV, EF, ESV and EDV index (ml/m2), were 1.9±0.5 (range 1.6 –2.3), 9.2±7, 64 %±6, 32 ±8, 87±16, 110±29 and respectively. Regression analyses testing the predictors of VO2 max are shown in table. There was no association between age and PWV (r = 0.01, p-value 0.9).   Conclusion:  In HCM patients, age and PWV are stronger predictors of VO2 max compared to LV thickness, MR, LVOTO and diastolic indices. Aortic stiffness might additionally influence exercise capacity in HCM patients, and could be a potential therapeutic target.
A Handbook of Routine Urinalysis.
Authors: Laurine Graff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

This practical handbook contains everything its user needs to know when performing routine urinalyses. Comprehensive in scope, the book discusses the formation of urine, its constituents and properties in both health and disease, the origin of these constituents, and the principles of urinalysis. It provides explanations of abnormal test results together with several procedures that can be used as alternative or confirmatory tests.
A phase III study of S-1 plus cisplatin versus fluorouracil plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Rui-hua Xu, Guo-ping Sun, Hui-shan Lu, Liu Yun Peng, Jian-ming Xu, Mei-zuo Zhong, He-long Zhang, Shi-ying Yu, Wei Li, Xiao-hua Hu, Jie Jun Wang, Ying Cheng, Jun-tian Zhou, Zeng-qing Guo, Zhongzhen Guan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

4025 Background: A combination of S-1 and cisplatin (DDP) has been shown to be effective and safe for the first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer in Japan. This is the first randomized phase III trial to compare S-1 plus DDP with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) plus DDP in Asia. Methods: This is an open-label, multicenter, phase 3, randomized controlled study. Patients with gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive S-1 plus DDP (experiment group) or 5-Fu plus DDP (control group) for 6 cycles. In the experiment group, the dose of S-1 was 80 mg/m 2 /day, po, twice daily on day 1-21 and DDP was 20mg/m 2 iv on day 1-4, repeat every 5 weeks. In the control group, 5-Fu was given as 0.8g/m 2 /d CI 120h ,and the dose of DDP was the same with the experiment group, while repeat every 4 weeks. Allocation was by block randomization stratified by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, sites of metastasis and prior gastrectomy. The primary endpoint was time to progression (TTP). Secondary end points included time to failure (TTF), overall survival (OS), and quality of life. Results: Totally 255 patients were enrolled into the study, of whom 236 were included in the analysis (n=120; n=116). Median TTP was 5.51 months (95% CI 4.59-6.26) in those assigned to experiment group compared with 4.62 months (95% CI 4.00-6.33) in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95%CI 0.76-1.39, p=0.86). In the experiment and control groups, response rates were 22.5% vs 21.5%; P=0.86. Median OS was 10.00 months (95% CI 8.59-14.52) in the experiment group compared with 10.46 months (8.92-13.84) in the control group (HR 1.05; 95%CI 0.71-1.54, p=0.82). The most common adverse events in both groups were anemia (S-1 plus cisplatin, 80.17% vs 5-Fu plus cisplatin, 71.19%), leukopenia (71.90% vs 62.71%), neutropenia (68.60% vs 55.93%), nausea (50.41% vs 60.17%), thrombocytopenia (44.63% vs 26.27%), vomiting (42.98% vs 42.37%) and anorexia (38.02% vs 41.53%). Conclusions: S-1 plus DDP is an effective and tolerable option for patients with advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Clinical trial information: NCT01198392.
Abstract 5808: Assessment of Aortic Bioprostheses is Feasible Applying Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance - In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
Authors: Florian von Knobelsdorff, Ralf Wassmuth, Andre Rudolph, Andreas Greiser, Mathias Dieringer, Steffen Bohl, Eva E Buschmann, Hassan Abel-Aty, Rainer Dietz, Jeanette Schulz-Menger
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Orifice area is decisive to assess bioprosthetic performance after aortic valve replacement. However, standard calculation by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is often limited. This is the first series testing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to quantify the orifice area of bioprostheses. Prosthetic orifice visualization was performed in a clinical 1.5T MR system (Siemens Magnetom Avanto) within a stack of prosthesis parallel steady state free precession cines (slice thickness 5mm, no gap). Orifice quantification was done manually by planimetry. In vivo, we compared the orifice area obtained by CMR with TTE (continuity equation) prospectively in 56 patients with aortic bioprostheses (40 stented, 16 stentless). In a subgroup of 23 patients also transesophageal echocardiography (planimetry; TEE) was applied. In vitro, we studied four different bioprostheses in a CMR-compatible pulsatile flow model under standardized conditions. In vivo, CMR planimetry was feasible in 52 patients (92.9%). Atrial fibrillation with rapid heart rate, inability to sustain breath holds and flow-artifacts rendered image-quality non-diagnostic in 3 patients. Three patients had insufficient transthoracic acoustic windows. Correlations of CMR with TTE (n=50; r=0.85; p&lt;0.001) and CMR with TEE (n=21; r=0.97; p&lt;0.001) were highly significant, both for stentless and stented bioprostheses. In Bland-Altman analysis, mean difference between CMR and TTE was −0.06±0.24cm 2 , between CMR and TEE 0.03±0.12cm 2 . In vitro, mean orifice areas obtained by CMR planimetry were 1.60±0.04cm 2 for Hancock 25, 1.59±0.01cm 2 for Perimount 23, 1.29±0.07cm 2 for Perimount 21 and 1.56±0.04cm 2 for Mitroflow 25. The assessment of bioprostheses by CMR is technically feasible and provides orifice areas with close correlation to echocardiography. Thus, CMR is an important non-invasive tool to assess bioprostheses in selected patients. The flow model allows for establishing CMR specific reference orifice areas for various valve types and comparing their hydrodynamic performance under standardized conditions. The concepts and information presented in this abstract are based on research and are not commercially available.
Risk of Acute Liver Failure in Patients With Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Evaluation of Hy’s Law and a New Prognostic Model
Authors: Vincent Lo Re, Kevin Haynes, Kimberly A. Forde, David S. Goldberg, James D. Lewis, Dena M. Carbonari, Kimberly B.F. Leidl, K. Rajender Reddy, Melissa S. Nezamzadeh, Jason Roy, Daohang Sha, Amy R. Marks, Jolanda De Boer, Jennifer L. Schneider, Brian L. Strom, Douglas A. Corley
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)