tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A state of the science review of wildfire-specific fine particulate matter data sources, methods, and models
Authors: Ava Orr, Claire E. Adam, Jon Graham, Zachary A. Holden, Lu Hu, Zeina Jaffar, Cindy Leary, Christopher T. Migliaccio, Katrina Mullan, Curtis Noonan, Erin O. Semmens, Shawn Urbanski, Ethan Walker, Erin L. Landguth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Despite progress in reducing industrial air pollution, rising wildfire frequency and intensity driven in part by climate change, pose significant health risks. Accurate estimates of wildfire-generated PM2.5 are needed for advancing health research, policymaking, and environmental protection. This review evaluates existing methodologies and data sources for estimating wildfire-generated PM2.5, aiming to improving accuracy and accessibility for health research, policy development, and environmental management strategies. We conducted a systematic literature search across Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Embase (January 2018 to March 2024) using keywords such as "PM2.5 exposure," and "wildfire PM2.5." Studies were included if they were publicly available, focused on North America (primarily the U.S.), and provided wildfire-attributable PM2.5 data. Of 2,757 articles identified, 418 full texts were screened, and 33 met inclusion criteria. Four studies offered wildfire-specific estimates PM2.5, one dataset was excluded due to accessibility issues, leaving three (Aguilera, Childs, Zhang) for analysis. We processes data using R at the Zip Code level for consistency and examined total and wildfire-specific and total PM2.5 estimates for California in 2010 (low fire activity) and 2018 (high fire activity), focusing on Los Angeles (densely monitored) and Modoc (no monitors) counties. Analyses included Pearson correlation, cross-correlation and Granger causality to assess temporal relationships and consistency. From the 33 studies included, three main estimation approaches emerged: chemical extraction, thresholding, and integration of satellite and fire-specific data (e.g., smoke plumes, fire perimeters). Most studies combined ground-based monitor data, satellite-derived aerosol optical depth and explanatory data like meteorology and land use. The three public datasets indicated that in California, wildfire-specific PM2.5 contributed 11.2% - 36.9% of total PM2.5 in 2010, and 13.7 - 21.2% in 2018 with stronger agreement in 2018. Correlations were stronger in Modoc County (no monitors) (0.44 - 0.51 in 2010; 0.79 - 0.88 in 2018) than in Los Angeles County (densely populated area, 20 EPA monitors, where correlations ranged from 0.19 - 0.21 in 2010 and 0.54 - 0.79 in 2018). Overall, the datasets estimating total PM2.5 were more consistent than wildfire-specific PM2.5 estimates. We offer a review of current data sources used for wildfire-specific PM2.5 estimation and compare publicly available datasets. As expected, the contribution of wildfire smoke to overall PM2.5 increased with wildfire activity. However, limited publicly available datasets hinders comprehensive comparisons and generalizations for health research and outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15672.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Quantitative Kidney Function in 52,531 Individuals with Diabetes Identifies Five Diabetes-Specific Loci
Authors: Joanne B. Cole, Emma H. Dahlström, Damian Fermin, Yogesh Gupta, Claire Hill, Laura J. Smyth, Hongbo Liu, Raymond J. Kreienkamp, Marcus G. Pezzolesi, Jing Jing Cao, Erkka Valo, Wei-Min Chen, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Stephen S. Rich, Eoin P. Brennan, Darrell Andrews, Ciarán Kennedy, Harvest F. Gu, Lars Stechemesser, Raimund Weitgasser, Jelizaveta Sokolovska, Lina Radzeviciene, Rasa Verkauskiene, Nicolae M. Panduru, Peter Rossing, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Gianpaolo Zerbini, Michel Marre, Samy Hadjadj, Tina Costacou, Rachel G. Miller, Barbara E. Klein, Kristine E. Lee, Janet K. Snell-Bergeon, Maria Luiza Caramori, Michael Mauer, Kerstin Brismar, Petter Bjornstad, Amy J. McKnight, Gareth McKay, Viji Nair, Rany M. Salem, Per-Henrik Groop, Catherine Godson, Katalin Susztak, Matthias Kretzler, Alexander P. Maxwell, Andrzej Krolewski, Andrew Paterson, Niina Sandholm-Lafferre, Jose C. Florez, Joel N. Hirschhorn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious diabetes complication caused by both environmental and genetic risk factors. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several loci associated with kidney function and kidney disease in the general population and, to a lesser extent, in diabetes. Methods: To uncover the genetic factors driving diabetes-induced kidney function, we conducted a series of GWAS meta-analyses of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 17,267 individuals with type 1 diabetes and 35,264 with type 2 diabetes (52,531 total), utilizing multiple well characterized cohorts of type 1 diabetes DKD and data from the UK Biobank and SUMMIT Consortium. We further accounted for DKD case/control status, diabetes duration and subtype, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin levels, and the relationship between eGFR and albuminuria. Results: GWAS identified 13 loci associated with eGFR ( P &lt;5x10 -8 ), with five loci (candidate genes: HIPK3 , TRIM5 , RORA , ERBB4 , and BCL6 / LPP ) not associated or were in opposite directions as compared to eGFR in the general population. Four candidate genes ( HIPK3 , BCL6, LPP , and RORA ) demonstrated evidence of differential expression in kidney compartments and cells among subgroups with DKD or diabetes versus controls. Lead SNPs rs8027829 ( RORA ) and rs76300256 ( BCL6/LPP ) were methylation quantitative trait loci in whole blood and kidney tissue, respectively, and rs76300256 and its related CpGs all cluster in a kidney enhancer. Conclusions: Our integrated approach identified candidate genes with diabetes-specific effects on kidney function.
Oral roflumilast for the treatment of chronic hand eczema: a retrospective case series
Authors: Sofia Gomez-Martinez, Victoria Amat-Samaranch, Miguel Antonio Lasheras-Pérez, Rodríguez-Serna Mercedes, José-Manuel Mascaró, Constanza Riquelme-Mc Loughlin
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Turnover Among Early-Career Advanced Practice Clinicians
Authors: Max J. Hyman, Kim Litwack, Susanne A. Quallich, Andrew W. Schram, Ted A. Skolarus, Parth K. Modi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cohort study examines the frequency of moves to other practices among advanced practice clinicians (APCs) to understand rates of turnover among early-career APCs, which has implications for their hiring, training, and retention.
High-Touch vs Low-Touch Strategy for Implementing a CRC Screening Digital Health Intervention
Authors: David P. Miller, Anna C. Snavely, Ajay Dharod, Elena Wright, Aliza Randazzo, Richa Bundy, Mark Dignan, Kristie L. Foley
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Patient, clinician, and system-level barriers contribute to low colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates. Objective To determine whether a more intensive implementation strategy results in greater use of a mobile app targeting multilevel barriers to CRC screening. Design, Setting, and Participants This hybrid type 3 effectiveness-implementation pragmatic trial of a tablet app for CRC screening was conducted from March 2021 to March 2023. Eighteen community-based primary care practices were randomized to either a low-touch (n = 8) or a high-touch implementation strategy (n = 10). Analysis was completed in October 2024. Interventions All clinics received on-site training and technical support. High-touch clinics received at-elbow support during launch, identification of a clinic champion, audit and feedback, and performance coaching. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome included reach—the percentage of eligible patients who completed the CRC app in the month 6 after implementation—and effectiveness—the percentage of screening-eligible individuals after implementation who completed a CRC test within 16 weeks of their index visit, compared with a preimplementation cohort. Results Overall, 50 176 patients 18 years and older were seen (33 435 at high-touch and 16 741 at low-touch practices) in the first 6 months after implementation. The mean (SD) age of patients was 55.6 (17.7) years; most patients were female (59%) and had commercial insurance (51%). Overall, 2.0% of participants were American Indian or Alaska Native, 11.2% were Black or African American, 0.1% were Native Hawaiian, 81.1% were White, 4.5% were other race, and 0.3% were unknown. CRC app use started at 5.8% in the high-touch group and 5.3% in the low-touch group in the first month ( P = .55), and decreased to 0.9% and 1.0%, respectively, in the sixth month ( P = .93). Compared with low-touch clinics, high-touch clinics had similar use of the CheckIn app (odds ratio [OR], 2.8 [95% CI, 0.9-9.0]) and CRC app (OR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0-3.0]). After adjusting for month, there was no observed difference in CRC screening after the CRC app was implemented compared with 8 months before implementation (OR, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.7-1.2]). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that use of a patient-facing health app for CRC was low, regardless of implementation intensity. CRC screening completion rates remained unchanged. Challenges of staff turnover, postpandemic fatigue, multiple handoffs in the workflow, and competing time demands may be difficult to overcome with implementation strategies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03843957
Estimating the Budgetary Impact of Reforms to the Medicare Advantage Quality Bonus Program
Authors: Meehir N. Dixit, Jay Shroff, David J. Meyers, Andrew M. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This study uses publicly available Medicare data to assess the budgetary implications of reforming the Medicare Advantage Quality Bonus Program, overall and across contract-level demographic characteristics (race and ethnicity, dual eligibility for Medicaid, dialysis status, and disability).
The Primary Care Medical Record Industry in Canada and Its Data Collection and Commercialization Practices
Authors: Sheryl Spithoff, Leslie Vesely, Brenda McPhail, Robyn K. Rowe, Lana Mogic, Quinn Grundy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Massive volumes of health data flow to commercial data brokers worldwide, yet little empirical research has examined how this industry functions and the implications for patients. Objective To describe and analyze the primary care medical record industry in Canada and its data collection and commercialization practices. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study of the Canadian primary care health data industry used situational analysis, a grounded theory methodology. Data sources included semistructured interviews of individuals affiliated with the commercial health data industry from May 2022 to May 2023 and publicly available documents. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to May 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Individual semistructured interviews and relevant publicly available documents were analyzed to gain an understanding of data collection and commercialization practices in the primary care record industry. The analysis involved a continuous and iterative process of data collection and analysis, theoretical sampling, data-driven coding, and creation of theoretical concepts. Results A total of 19 interviews were conducted and 22 documents were sampled. Study participants described the primary care medical record industry in Canada as consisting of complex reciprocal relationships between commercial health data brokers, physicians, for-profit chains of primary care clinics, and pharmaceutical companies. In an emerging vertically integrated business model, the data broker brought the primary care clinics and physicians in house as a clinical subsidiary, thus obtaining more control over clinical practices. Participants understood the primary care medical record industry as having potential to transform patient care, but—because of financial considerations—also tied to pharmaceutical industry interests. According to participants, patients were not involved in decisions related to how their records were collected and used. Conclusions and Relevance This qualitative study found that each entity within the Canadian primary care medical record industry contributes to, and benefits from, the conversion of patient medical records into commercial assets. The industry’s activities reflect the pharmaceutical companies’ interests. Patients are notably absent from decision-making; thus, the industry’s activities may not reflect their values or interests.
Parental Technology Use in a Child’s Presence and Health and Development in the Early Years
Authors: Marcelo Toledo-Vargas, Kar Hau Chong, Claudia I. Maddren, Steven J. Howard, Bradley Wakefield, Anthony D. Okely
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Parental technology use in a child’s presence (hereafter, PTU), often referred to as technoference, is a growing concern in family dynamics, and no studies have quantitatively synthesized associations with children’s health and development. Objective To systematically review and synthesize literature on associations between PTU in their child’s presence and motor development, cognitive development, psychosocial health, physical activity, screen time, and sleep in early childhood. Data Sources Peer-reviewed studies from MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, PsycArticles, Web of Science, Scopus, and ProQuest published from inception to July 2024. Study Selection A total of 6212 studies were initially identified. Studies were included if they examined associations between PTU in the presence of their apparently healthy children (birth to age 4.9 years) and motor development, cognitive development, psychosocial health, physical activity, screen time, or sleep. Data Extraction and Synthesis PRISMA guidelines were followed. Random-effect models were conducted to determine the pooled estimates of the associations and moderating effects of the type of exposure (distraction/interruption). The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Main Outcomes and Measures Association between PTU in the child’s presence and motor development, cognitive development, psychosocial health, physical activity, screen time, and sleep. Results Twenty-one studies involving 14 900 participants from 10 countries were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between parental technology use in the child’s presence and cognition ( r = −0.14; 95% CI, −0.23 to −0.04), internalizing behavior and emotions ( r = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.19), externalizing behavior ( r = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.21), prosocial behavior ( r = −0.08; 95% CI, −0.13 to −0.02), attachment ( r = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.01), and screen time ( r = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.32). No moderating effects of the type of PTU exposure on any associations were found. No study examined motor development, physical activity, or sleep. Conclusions and Relevance Parents’ use of technology in their child’s presence was negatively associated with cognitive and psychosocial outcomes and screen time among young children, although the effect sizes were small. Further research focusing on potential impacts on physical activity, sleep, and motor skills is needed. Understanding these associations is crucial for informing research and guidelines aimed at minimizing the potential negative effects of this phenomenon on early childhood development.
Muscle metabolic resilience and enhanced exercise adaptation by Esr1-induced remodeling of mitochondrial cristae-nucleoid architecture in males
Authors: Zhenqi Zhou, Timothy M Moore, Alexander R Strumwasser, Vicent Ribas, Hirotaka Iwasaki, Noelle Morrow, Alice Ma, Peter H Tran, Jonathan Wanagat, Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim, Bethan Clifford, Zhengyi Zhang, Tamer Sallam, Brian W Parks, Karen Reue, Orian Shirihai, Rebeca Acin-Perez, Marco Morselli, Matteo Pellegrini, Sushil K Mahata, Frode Norheim, Mingqi Zhou, Marcus M Seldin, Aldons J Lusis, Cathy C Lee, Mark O Goodarzi, Jerome I Rotter, Joshua R Hansen, Ben Drucker, Tyler J Sagendorf, Joshua N Adkins, James A Sanford, Francesco J DeMayo, Sylvia C Hewitt, Kenneth S Korach, Andrea L Hevener
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Reduced estrogen action is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the cell and tissue-specific actions of estradiol in maintaining metabolic health remain inadequately understood, especially in men. We observed that skeletal muscle ESR1/Esr1 (encodes estrogen receptor α [ERα]) is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity and metabolic health in humans and mice. Because skeletal muscle is a primary tissue involved in oxidative metabolism and insulin sensitivity, we generated muscle-selective Esr1 loss- and gain-of-expression mouse models. We determined that Esr1 links mitochondrial DNA replication and cristae-nucleoid architecture with metabolic function and insulin action in the skeletal muscle of male mice. Overexpression of human ERα in muscle protected male mice from diet-induced disruption of metabolic health and enhanced mitochondrial adaptation to exercise training intervention. Our findings indicate that muscle expression of Esr1 is critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and metabolic health in males and that tissue-selective activation of ERα can be leveraged to combat metabolic-related diseases in both sexes.
Response to Andersen et al.’s “A genome-wide association meta-analysis links hidradenitis suppurativa to common and rare sequence variants causing disruption of the Notch and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.”
Authors: Olivia D Perez, Meng-Ju Lin, Miriam K Pomeranz, Ernest S Chiu, Catherine P Lu, Lynn Petukhova
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Depressive Symptoms Among US Adults
Authors: Kosuke Inoue, Michael Liu, Katherine A. Koh, Rahul Aggarwal, Lucas X. Marinacci, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

This cross-sectional study compares the prevalence of depressive symptoms in US adults before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and by sociodemographic characteristics.
Glands of Moll: history, current knowledge and their role in ocular surface homeostasis and disease
Authors: Michael Stopfer, Ingrid Zahn, Katharina Jüngert, Gerhard Aumüller, Frans L Moll, Martin Schicht, Helen P Makarenkova, Cintia S de Paiva, Friedrich P Paulsen
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2025)
Prenatal Cannabis Use and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Jamie O. Lo, Chelsea K. Ayers, Snehapriya Yeddala, Beth Shaw, Shannon Robalino, Rachel Ward, Devan Kansagara
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Prenatal cannabis use continues to increase, and cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal substance in pregnancy. Accumulating evidence suggests potential adverse effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes following cannabis use in pregnancy. Objective To update a living systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a timely understanding regarding cannabis use in pregnancy and fetal and neonatal outcomes. Data Sources The previous review was updated by searching bibliographic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Global Health, and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from November 1, 2021, through April 4, 2024. Study Selection Cohort or case-control studies comparing pregnancies with and without prenatal cannabis use on prespecified fetal or neonatal outcomes with adjustment for confounders, such as co-use of tobacco products, were included. Two independent reviewers screened studies, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Data Extraction and Synthesis Included studies were extracted by 1 reviewer and confirmed by a second. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analyses of unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were performed for all primary outcomes. Results were synthesized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were preterm birth (PTB; &amp;amp;lt;37 weeks of gestation), small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW; &amp;amp;lt;2500 g), and perinatal mortality. Results For this update, 8 new studies with 1 709 998 participants were added, for a total of 51 studies synthesized (N = 21 146 938). From meta-analyses of adjusted effect sizes, moderate-certainty evidence indicated that cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with increased odds of LBW (20 studies; OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.41-2.18), PTB (20 studies; OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.26-1.83), and SGA (12 studies; OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36-1.81), and low-certainty evidence indicated that it was associated with greater odds of perinatal mortality (6 studies; OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07-1.55). Previously, the evidence was rated as very low or low certainty. Conclusions and Relevance Cannabis use in pregnancy was associated with greater odds of PTB, SGA, and LBW even after adjusting for co-use of tobacco products, and confidence in these findings increased from low in the prior review to moderate in the current meta-analysis. The findings of this study may help inform patient counseling and future public health policies.
Trans-eQTL hotspots shape complex traits by modulating cellular states
Authors: Kaushik Renganaath, Frank Wolfgang Albert
Journal: Cell Genomics (2025)

Regulatory genetic variation shapes gene expression, providing an important mechanism connecting DNA variation and complex traits. The causal relationships between gene expression and complex traits remain poorly understood. Here, we integrated transcriptomes and 46 genetically complex growth traits in a large cross between two strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We discovered thousands of genetic correlations between gene expression and growth, suggesting potential functional connections. Local regulatory variation was a minor source of these genetic correlations. Instead, genetic correlations tended to arise from multiple independent trans-acting regulatory loci. Trans-acting hotspots that affect the expression of numerous genes accounted for particularly large fractions of genetic growth variation and of genetic correlations between gene expression and growth. Genes with genetic correlations were enriched for similar biological processes across traits but with heterogeneous direction of effect. Our results reveal how trans-acting regulatory hotspots shape complex traits by altering cellular states.
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome in a Patient With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Akhil Sahib, Arun Koul, Ashwin K. Panda
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

This case report describes jerky movements of all 4 limbs, recurrent falls, progressive cognitive impairment, and opsoclonus in a 4-year-old child.
Metabolic reprogramming through histone lactylation in microglia and macrophages recruits CD8+ T lymphocytes and aggravates spinal cord injury
Authors: Xuhui Ge, Yufeng Zhu, Junjun Xiong, Yao Gu, Xiaokun Wang, Wu Ye, Haofan Wang, Yu Gao, Weihua Cai, Xuhui Zhou, Wei Liu
Journal: Neuron (2025)
Gout and <scp>NLRP3</scp> inflammasome biology
Authors: Raewyn Poulsen, Nicola Dalbeth
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

This review describes the three broad stages of acute inflammation in the context of gout: initiation, leucocyte mobilisation, and self‐resolution. A typical case of a gout flare is presented. The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in acute monosodium urate crystal‐induced inflammation is reviewed in detail. Treatment strategies for gout are outlined in the context of the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated acute inflammation. image
Disentangling the Impact of Adiposity From Insulin Resistance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Yogesh N V Reddy, Robert P Frantz, Anna R Hemnes, Paul M Hassoun, Evelyn Horn, Jane A Leopold, Franz Rischard, Erika B Rosenzweig, Nicholas S Hill, Serpil C Erzurum, Gerald J Beck, J Emanuel Finet, Christine L Jellis, Stephen C Mathai, W H Wilson Tang, Barry A Borlaug
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)