tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benzodiazepines in the treatment of schizophrenia: a review and reappraisal
Authors: O M Wolkowitz, D Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

Benzodiazepines, either alone or added to neuroleptics, have been studied extensively as treatments for schizophrenia, but no consensus regarding their efficacy has been reached. The authors review the double-blind trials in the literature and relate the findings to the neurobiology of benzodiazepine actions.The clinical review included all double-blind studies through 1989 that could be identified by means of Index Medicus and computer-assisted searches and by the cross-referencing of articles. The findings from the 14 studies of benzodiazepines used alone and the 16 studies of adjunctive therapy are presented separately.The studies reviewed suggest that 1) response is highly variable, and about one-third to one-half of patients improve; 2) benzodiazepines are potentially most useful as adjuncts to neuroleptics in the acute management of psychotic agitation, although actual antipsychotic effects have also been observed in some patients; 3) relatively higher doses of benzodiazepines may be associated with better response; and 4) therapeutic effects, when seen, develop rapidly but diminish after several weeks in some patients. The authors explore the neurobiological bases of benzodiazepine action, which presumably underlie their efficacy in schizophrenia and may help explain the variability of response.Future research on benzodiazepines in the treatment of schizophrenia should focus on features that predict response, the relation of dopamine or other neurotransmitter systems to therapeutic effects, the schizophrenic symptoms most amenable to benzodiazepine treatment, changes in neuroleptic dose during benzodiazepine augmentation, the role of benzodiazepines in maintenance therapy, and the optimal characteristics of benzodiazepine treatment.
The Present Status of Antibiotic Therapy with Particular Reference to Chloramphenicol, Aureomycin, and Terramycin
Authors: Francis Gilman Blake
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
African American Health Care
Authors: Brian C. Reed
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TOTAL ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM OF PLASMA IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: John P. Peters, Harold A. Bulger, Anna J. Eisenman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1927)

In the preceding-paper of this series (1) it was pointed out that the concentrations of bicarbonate and of chloride in the serum of patients withheart-failure-are far more variable than those of normals.From this it was inferred that the factors that provoke disturbancesF of these elements-in heart disease are not uniform.Attention was.called especially to two contrasted types of extreme abnormalities, one characterized by high bicarbonate, the other by high chloride-The present paper will be devoted to a discussion of the production and significance of high serum bicarbonate in patients with heart failure.The technical procedures employed have been described at length in earlier articles of this series (1, 2).Scott (3), in 1917, first called attention to the fact that the bicar- bonate content and capacity of the blood and the alveolar CO2- tension of patients with chronic emphysema were abnormally high.These observations have since then been verified by a number of investigators and similar disturbances have been found in other chronic pulmonary diseases.Essen, Kauders and Porges (4) have shown that the higher CO2 of these conditions is associated with a reduction of Cl.The first three cases in table 1, although they are not cases of essential emphysema, have comparable pathologic pulmonary lesions and all present high serum carbon dioxide.The elevation of bicar- bonate is in no instance so extreme as to necessitate a recession of Cl, although the latter is, in every case below the average normal.The
Abstract MP018: Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity: Evidence for a Displacement Effect on Sedentary Behaviour
Authors: Katya M Herman, Gilles Paradis, Marie-Eve Mathieu, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Angelo Tremblay, Marie Lambert
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Sedentary behaviour has detrimental health consequences, distinct from those of physical inactivity. An individual can be both highly active and highly sedentary: While the displacement hypothesis proposes that time spent active displaces time that would otherwise be spent sedentary, the compensation hypothesis suggests that increased physical activity (PA) may be associated with increased sedentary behaviour (SED) in non-active time. Objectives: The aim was to assess whether higher levels of childhood participation in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) are associated with higher levels of SED, or whether time spent in SED is displaced by higher levels of MVPA. Methods: Participants were 290 boys and 245 girls aged 8–10 years in the QUebec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) study. PA and SED were assessed by accelerometer over a 1-week period (SED ≤ 100 cpm, MVPA ≥ 2296 cpm), and quantified as mean time spent per day. Total PA was the sum of light PA + MVPA. Self-reported data included sports participation (number of teams), television viewing and computer/video game use (hours/day). Spearman correlations and multiple linear regression (adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, Tanner stage, parental education, accelerometer wear-time) were used to assess associations between PA and SED variables. Results: Higher MVPA and VPA were negatively correlated with SED (r=−0.44 and −0.35; p&lt;0.001), and positively correlated with total PA (r=0.58 and 0.45; p&lt;0.001). SED was negatively correlated with TPA (r=−0.65, p&lt;0.001). Only weak correlations were found between MVPA and sports participation, the latter not associated with SED. MVPA and VPA were not significantly correlated with TV, computer/video or total screen time; objectively measured SED was only weakly associated with specific sedentary behaviours. On average, for each additional 10 minutes of MVPA, children spent 14 minutes less in SED, or for each additional 5 minutes of VPA, 10 minutes less in SED. Associations were stronger in overweight/obese children compared to healthy weight children. Conclusions: Higher levels of MVPA in children displace SED, and are also associated with higher total PA over and above the additional amount of MVPA. The SED displacement benefits of higher MVPA may be greatest in overweight/obese children. Public health strategies should focus on both increasing PA and decreasing SED as essential targets to improve overall PA in children.
Handbook of Snake-Bite.
Authors: Paresh Banerji
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic system in advanced NSCLC: A validation study by the ELCWP
Authors: Marianne Paesmans, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, Thierry Berghmans, Jacques Lecomte, Anna Efremidis, Vicente Giner, Arnaud Scherpereel, Anne-Pascale Meert, Nathalie Leclercq, Paul Van Houtte, Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)
Abstract 1080: Calmodulin Plays an Important Role in Electrical Storm: Insights from a New Experimental Model
Authors: Yukiomi Tsuji, Masahide Harada, Mayumi Hojo, Masayuki Shimano, Tomohiro Uchikawa, Yasuya Inden, Toyoaki Murohara, Stanley Nattel, Itsuo Kodama, Kaichiro Kamiya
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Electrical storm (ES), characterized by recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), is a serious clinical condition, importantly complicating implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. The pathophysiology and molecular basis of ES are poorly understood because of a lack of suitable animal models. Here, we report a new experimental model that features repetitive episodes of ICD firing for recurrent VF, in which we assessed the potential involvement of calmodulin in ES. Methods and Results: The incidence of ES was assessed in 8 rabbits that had been in chronic complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) for 90±12 days (M±SEM; range 50 –129 days), all of whom had undergone extracardiac ICD system implantation. The maximal number of intervals to detect VF (NID: 105/140) was programmed to avoid inappropriate shocks for incessant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VTs). Shock intensities were set &gt;twice the defibrillation threshold (1.5±0.2 J). All rabbits had ICD-detected self-terminating VTs and corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation (226±12 versus 185±11 ms at baseline, P&lt;0.05) before the first VF episode, and 7/8 rabbits subsequently developed ES, defined as ≥3 VF episodes per 24-hour. The ES appeared on day 30±7 and occurred for 19±5 days follow-up. The QTc was remarkably increased on the day of ES compared with the value on the day without ES (271±12 versus 219±10 ms, P&lt;0.01). Analysis of 1006 VF episodes obtained from 8 rabbits showed no circadian variation of VF incidence. One-week infusion of W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, to 3 rabbits by osmotic pump caused dose-dependent reductions in days of VF (from 5.3±1.2 to 3.0±1.1 and 0.6±0.3*), VF episodes (from 20±3 to 19±7 and 1.7±1.2*) and self-terminating VT episodes (from 2572±854 to 997±197* and 178±24* for 1 week; all results are shown as before infusion to data during infusion of W-7 at doses of 297 and 744 μg/hr respectively; *P&lt;0.05 versus before W-7) without shortening the QTc. Conclusions: This model shows a high incidence of ES, allowing for study of mechanisms and treatment of ES, as well as consequences of multiple high-energy shocks. The positive response of ES to W-7 suggests that the calmodulin/calmodulin kinase system may be crucial to the generation of ES in this model.
Clinical positron emission tomography
Authors: H. N. Wagner, J. W. Buchanan, M. N. Maisey
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The clinical indications for positron emission tomography (PET) have increased dramatically in the past few years. Although PET continues to have a major role in patients with neurological, psychiatric and cardiovascular diseases, the area of most rapid growth has been oncology. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the radiopharmaceutical most often used in patients with cancer, but a variety of peptides, amino acids, enzymes and proteins, which bind to specific recognition sites or receptors on cancer cells have been successfully labelled and are proving useful. Many studies now demonstrate that PET, and SPECT, reduce the overall cost of medical care, because they increase the certainty of diagnosis and clinical stage of disease, and therefore eliminate the expense of unnecessary or unproductive testing or treatment. These studies are also very useful in planning and monitoring treatment.
Abstract 1136: Hydrogen Peroxide Modulates Bioavailability of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in the Human Coronary Microcirculation by Directly Inhibiting Cytochrome P450 Epoxygenases
Authors: Brandon T Larsen, Hiroto Miura, Charles R Myers, William B Campbell, Darryl C Zeldin, David D Gutterman
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are cytochrome P450 (CYP)-derived metabolites of arachi- donic acid (AA). In human coronary arterioles (HCAs), endogenous H2O2 reduces CYP-mediated dilation to brad...
The Development of Microbiology
Authors: Patrick Collard
Journal: BMJ (1950)

The author bases his book on postgraduate lectures on the development of certain ideas in microbiology.Thus, each chapter deals with one topic, rather than a chrono- logical sequence as is the usual way of presenting the history of a subject.The order of presentation is difficult to understand and seems to be quite arbitary.Some historical order should have been preserved here, so that the section on serology and immunology founded in the nineteenth century preceded those on chemotherapy, antibiotics, and bacterial genetics, which are products of the twentieth.There are chapters on virology and protozoology, with a note on mycology, but each is inadequate.A brief account of how microbiology has developed as a discipline and its influence on surgery (no mention of Lister in the index), public health and, industry would have been equally pertinent.Each chapter has a short list ofimportant papers or books representing primary and secondary sources, but they are not keyed to the text.Although it is ofinterest to have the main parts ofmicrobiology dealtwith separately, there is not sufficient cross-linking and the reader does not achieve an over-view of advancement.It would seem that each chapter represents a lecture, but with little reference in it to those preceding and those ensuing.Moreover there are a number of factual errors, especially in the material dealing with the early period (Hooke's microscope did not reach x 300 -x 500, p. 13) and distortions (Lister the elder is dismissed in three words, p. 15, and his name is not indexed, whereas he was of considerable importance in the history of microscopy).As a book for teacher-guided students this book may have a role, but those dealing with the history of microbiology already available seem to be quite adequate.
Techniques histologiques de neuropathologie.
Authors: Ivan Bertrand
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Organs of Internal Secretion: Their Diseases and Therapeutic Application, With a Chapter on Obesity and Its Treatment.
Authors: Ivo Geikie Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 10728: MicroRNA-377 Regulates Angiogenesis by Targeting VEGF: Implications for Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based Therapy in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Zhili Wen, Wei Huang, Yuliang Feng, Yuhua Wang, Jialiang Liang, Wenfeng Cai, Kai Kang, Dehua Chang, Ping Zhu, Ronald W. Millard, Muhammad Ashraf, Yigang Wang
Journal: Circulation (2013)
"Send Us a Lady Physician." Women Doctors in America, 1835-1920.
Authors: Ruth J. Abram
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

In the latter part of the nineteenth century, women, who had hitherto been barred from medical schools, were gradually granted the freedom to study and practice medicine. Indeed, by 1900, over 7,000 female physicians were practicing in America. Women were sought after to fill the void in women's health care-a substantial one, thanks to Victorian mores-as well as to imbue the medical profession with dignity which only women, it was believed, could supply. Thus the stereotype of women as gentle, virtuous creatures, natural healers, worked in their favor, opening doors to a major profession.
Injury, Recovery and Death, in Relation to Conductivity and Permeability.
Authors: Winthrop John Van Leuven Osterhout
Journal: JAMA (1923)

THIS volume endeavors to treat certain aspects of biology according to the spirit and methods of the exact sciences.The treatment is confined to certain funda- mental problems which have been studied quantitatively.These studies lead to a theory of some aspects of injury, recovery, and death, as well as of antagonism and per- meability.The behavior of the organism in these respects may be predicted with a satisfactory degree of accuracy by means of the equations which express the theory in mathematical form.
Nanoparticle-conjugated aptamer targeting hnRNP A2/B1 can recognize multiple tumor cells and inhibit their proliferation
Authors: Hui Li, Lei Guo, Aixue Huang, Hua Xu, Xuemei Liu, Hongmei Ding, Jie Dong, Jie Li, Chaonan Wang, Xueting Su, Xingfeng Ge, Leqiao Sun, Chenjun Bai, Xuelian Shen, Tao Fang, Zhanghua Li, Yong Zhou, Linsheng Zhan, Shaohua Li, Jianwei Xie, Ningsheng Shao
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract 5509: Arginase Activity Mediates Vascular Inflammation
Authors: Ruth B Caldwell, Wenbo Zhang, Babak Baban, Modesto Rojas, Suvika Virmani, Chintan Patel, Sylvia B Smith, Maritza Romero, Robert W Caldwell
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We have shown before that activity of NOX2 NADPH oxidase has a critical role in causing vascular inflammation. We have also shown that diabetes-induced vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is mediated by increases in arginase activity which decreases availability of L-arginine to EC nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). While the specific role of arginase activity in vascular inflammation is not yet clear, increases in arginase I levels have been described in conditions of elevated oxidative stress and inflammation. We have now used a model of endotoxin-induced retinal inflammation to assess the hypothesis that increased arginase activity is involved in the development of vascular inflammation. Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 4 mg/kg, ip, 3–16 hrs). Measurement of urea formation showed that retinal arginase activity was increased in the LPS-treated mice (1.9±0.3-fold, n=5). Quantitative PCR showed that arginase I (AI) mRNA was also increased with a peak at 12 hrs (2.2±0.1-fold, n=3). Expression of the AII isoform was unchanged. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry confirmed an increase in AI protein expression, which was localized to vascular cells, glia and microglia. AI expression and arginase activity were also increased in LPS-treated glia and microglia. The LPS-induced increases in AI expression were correlated with increases in mRNA for MCP-1 (575.1±84.8-fold, n=5), TNF-alpha (55.6±10.3-fold, n=4) and iNOS (103.3±1.5-fold, n=3) and with increased leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall (5.5±1.5 fold, n=3–5). Studies using knockout mice deficient in one copy of the AI gene and both copies of AII or mice treated with the selective arginase inhibitor ([S]-[2-boronoethyl]-L-cysteine-HCl, 20 mg/kg, iv) showed that LPS-induced increases in inflammatory gene expression and leukostasis were blocked by knocking down or inhibiting arginase. Furthermore, the LPS-induced increase in AI was abrogated by NOX2 deletion or apocynin treatment, indicating involvement of NADPH oxidase activity. In conclusion, LPS-induced vascular inflammation is mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent increases in arginase activity. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA Greater Southeast Affiliate (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Puerto Rico &amp; Tennessee).