Abstract 705: <i>miR-21-5p</i> induces radioresistance through reinforced DNA damage response in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Qi Liu, Weitao Hu, Xinghan Li, Yongqiang Deng, Lin Ma
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Cancers arising from oral cavity and oropharynx are commonly treated with radiotherapy, whereas tumor radioresistance results in poor outcome. The prerequisite for developing more effective interventions for these patients is that the molecular mechanisms leading to a radioresistant phenotype in these tumors are clear to researchers. Unfortunately, the radioresistant mechanisms remain elusive to date. We recently identified that a highly conserved and cancer-related microRNA, i.e. miR-21-5p, plays an important role in radioresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We analyzed the RNA-sequencing data of 290 tissue samples from TCGA database, and found the expression of miR-21-5p was significantly upregulated in many OSCC samples (N=271) when comparing to adjacent normal tissues (N=19). The difference was further confirmed on our freshly collected OSCC tissues from patients in operation room. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis in 11 OSCC samples and their adjacent normal tissues. Among the 2106 differentially expressed genes between OSCC and normal control groups, we found that several important DNA repair genes (RAD50 double strand break repair protein gene, RAD50; DNA Polymerase Theta, POLQ; Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related, ATR) were significantly overexpressed in OSCC samples (P&amp;lt;0.05), while positive correlations between miR-21-5p expression and DNA repair genes RAD51 and XRCC4 were identified in the OSCC cohort. Notably, ATR is an important DNA damage response gene, while XRCC4, RAD51, and POLQ are involved in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair through non-homologous end joining, homologous recombination, and microhomology-mediated end joining, respectively. OSCC cell lines were further recruited to study the relations of miR-21-5p with radiation-induced DSB repair. By analyzing kinetics of 53BP1 foci, a biomarker for detecting DSBs, we found that anti-miR-21-5p transfected cells showed more residual foci, indicating of unfinished repair of DSBs, at 5 hours and 18 hours post irradiation. The deficient DSB repair resulted from anti-miR-21-5p transfection were further confirmed by single cell gel electrophoresis with comet assay. Consistently, the same treatment resulted in fewer clonogenic survivors in colony formation assay, demonstrating increased radiosensitivity of OSCC cells when miR-21-5p was antagonized. This work provided novel insights about the mechanism of miR-21-5p-induced radioresistance in OSCC, which may give rise to novel therapeutic strategy for improved treatment of OSCC patients. Citation Format: Qi Liu, Weitao Hu, Xinghan Li, Yongqiang Deng, Lin Ma. miR-21-5p induces radioresistance through reinforced DNA damage response in oral squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 705.