tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histological Abnormalities in Intestinal and Extra Intestinal Tissues of ApcMin/+ Mouse with or without Folate Deficiency
Authors: Shaojin You, Patricia Wood, Basel Nassri, Lucy Liu, Sondra Berger, Jian Liu, Franklin G. Berger, Maria Marjorette O. Peña, Jody Tucker, William J. M. Hrushesky
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

1979 

Germ-line mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene have been linked to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominantly inherited human disease that predisposes to colon cancer. ApcMin/+ mice (Min), heterozygous for the Apc gene mutation, a nonsense mutation at codon 850, progressively develop intestinal tumors in a manner that is analogous to that observed in patients with FAP,,. Folate, a water-soluble B vitamin and important cofactor in 1-carbon transfer, is an important nutritional factor that may modulate the development of colorectal cancer. Folate intake protects against colorectal cancer and enhances the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. In this present study, we studied the effects of Apc gene mutation and folate intake on the pathology of intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues. Compared with normal C57BL/6 (B6) mice, increased splenic hematopoiesis occurs in the Min mice, indicated by splenomegaly, increased red pulp cellularity and splenic megakaryocytes. Splenic histo-pathology demonstrates decreased lymphoid follicle number (the white pulp) along with significant CD3 positive T cell depletion within the spleens of the Min mice. Lymphoid follicle depletion was also observed in both the small intestine and colon of the Min mice. Extra intestinal tissues were also affected in the Min mice with testicles showing a decreased number of the secondary spermatides and spermatozoa as well as more degenerated Leydig cells. In both strains, folate deficiency has significant effects upon the small intestinal villus and the number of primary and growing follicles in ovaries in contrast to the mice fed with normal diet. In the Min mice, folate deficiency increases splenic hematopoiesis and lymphoid depletion as reflected by further increased splenomegaly and number of splenic megakaryocytes and decreased number of splenic and intestinal lymphoid follicles. In summary, the Apc gene mutation causes increased splenic hematopoiesis, lymphoid depletion in the spleen and intestine, and abnormalities of male reproductive tissues at 12 weeks of age. Folate deficiency further increases abnormal splenic hematopoiesis and lymphoid depletion caused by Apc gene mutation.
The role of caveolin-1 on lymph node metastasis of the head and neck cancer.
Authors: Hongzheng Zhang, Su Ling, Hyung Ju C Shin, Susan Muller, Mourad Tighiouart, Zhiheng Xu, Xin Zhang, Jennifer Hunt, Dong M Shin, Zhuo (georgia) Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5140 

Background: Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is the principal structural protein of the caveolae and an important cellular signaling regulator. Though Cav-1 has been studied for many years, its expression and function in head and neck squamous cell carci nomas (HNSCC) remain unclear. We recently demonstrated down-regulation of Cav-1 in lymph node metastasis using a HNSCC metastatic mouse model (Chen et al., AACR 46#:204, 2005). The current study was designed to clarify the functions of Cav-1 in HNSCC. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of Cav-1 in HNSCC tumor specimens including paired primary tumors and lymph node metastases from the same patients and lymph node negative primary tumors (total tumor specimens n=114 from 74 patients). Metastatic HNSCC cell lines stably transfected with cav-1 cDNA were constructed to investigate the role of Cav-1 in cell proliferation, invasion, and anoikis-resistance. Results: Increased expression of Cav-1 was observed with progression from normal to tumor whereas Cav-1 was significantly decreased in lymph node metastases (p< 0.0001). Pair-wise comparison revealed significantly reduced Cav-1 expression from primary tumors to lymph node metastases in the same patients (n=31, p=0.0002). Additionally, the expression was correlated with tumor differentiation (p<0.0001) and inversely correlated with N-stages (p<0.0001) but not correlate with T-stage, tumor sites, patient age and survival rate. Examination of HNSCC cell lines revealed that loss of Cav-1 expression in highly metastatic cells was restored to a similar level as their poorly metastatic parental cells by treatment with a demethylation agent 5-aza-2’deoxycytidine. Over-expression of Cav-1 in the metastatic cells displayed less activated EGFR, ERK1/2, c-Src, p38α and lower integrin β1 level than the control. Furthermore, cell proliferation, invasion and anoikis-resistance were substantially decreased in Cav-1 transfected metastatic cells compared with the control. Lipid rafts and co-immunoprecipiation studies have provided evidence that Cav-1 interacts with c-Src signaling pathway. The inhibitory effect of Cav-1 on these metastatis-related phenotypes was associated with inhibition of activated c-Src and p38α. Conclusion: Our studies with both HNSCC tissues and cell lines suggest that over-expression of Cav-1 in metastatic HNSCC has a negative impact on metastasis by regulating mainly c-Src and p38α-mediated signaling pathways. The effect of Cav-1 on metastasis is a promising avenue of research that merits further investigation. (Supported by NIDCR R21grant to ZC).
Abstract 13710: Recurrent Seizures Following Cardiac Surgery - Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Rizwan A Manji, Hilary P Grocott, Alan H Menkis, Eric Jacobsohn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Risk factors for recurrent seizures following cardiac surgery, as well as outcomes of these patients is not well studied. Tranexamic acid (TA), a renally cleared anti-fibrinolytic agent which has proconvulsant properties, has been implicated in seizures post cardiac surgery. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with recurrent seizures following cardiac surgery as well as ICU outcomes of these patients. Methods: All cardiac surgery patients experiencing seizures post-operatively from April 2003 until September 2010 were analyzed and divided into those with recurrent seizure and those without. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors associated with recurrent seizure. Results: There were 62 patients experiencing seizures following cardiac surgery, and 36 (58.1%) experienced a recurrent seizure during hospital stay, with 32 (89%) having their recurrent seizure within 24 hours of the first seizure. Statistically and clinically relevant differen...
Abstract P151: The Association Between Perceived Discrimination And Behavioral Risk Factors Among African Americans In The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Mario Sims, Ana Diez-Roux, Samsom Gebreab, DeMarc Hickson, Marino Bruce, Sharon Wyatt, Patricia Dubbert, Tom Mosley, Tom Payne, David Williams, Herman Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objectives. Prior research has reported an association between perceived discrimination and health outcomes among African Americans, and there is growing interest in the pathways in which it gets ‘under the skin.’ One such pathway may be through the association with behavioral risk factors. Using Jackson Heart Study data, we examined whether perceived reports of discrimination were associated with behavioral risk factors among African Americans. Methods. Cross-sectional associations of perceived reports of everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, and burden of lifetime discrimination with smoking status, physical activity, percent calories from fat in diet, and hours of sleep were examined among 4,939 participants 20–95 years old (women=3,123; men=1,816). We estimated odds ratios (OR) of current smoking and mean differences in physical activity, fat in diet and hours of sleep with measures of discrimination and adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. Results. Men were more likely to smoke than women, and had higher physical activity scores. Women reported slightly more hours of sleep than men. Men and women reported similar percentages of calories from fat in diet. After adjustment for age and socioeconomic status, perceived everyday discrimination was associated with more smoking and a greater percentage of calories from fat in diet in men and women (OR for smoking: 1.13, 95%CI 1.00–1.28 and 1.19, 95%CI 1.05–1.34; mean difference in percent calories from fat in diet: 0.37, p&lt;.05,0.43, p&lt;.01, in men and women respectively). Everyday discrimination was associated with higher physical activity scores in women (0.11, p&lt;.05) but not men. Everyday and lifetime discrimination were associated with fewer hours of sleep in men and women (everyday discrimination: −0.08, p&lt;.05 and −0.18, p&lt;.001, respectively; and lifetime discrimination: −0.08, p&lt;.05, and −0.24, p&lt;.001, respectively). Lifetime discrimination was associated with more smoking and higher physical activity scores in women only in fully-adjusted models (OR for smoking: 1.17, 95%CI 1.03–1.33; mean difference in physical activity: 0.14, p&lt;.01), and lifetime discrimination was positively associated with percent calories from fat in diet in men only in the fully-adjusted model (0.46, p &lt;.01). Burden of lifetime discrimination was associated with more smoking in women and fewer hours of sleep in women. Conclusions. Behavioral risk factors offer a potential mechanism through which perceived discrimination affects health in African Americans.
Abstract 17970: Metabolic Support of Mitochondrial Complex I with Yeast Ndi1 Evokes Significant Cardioprotection in the in vivo Rat Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karin Przyklenk, Peter Whittaker, Joseph Wider, Vishnu V Undyala, Roberta A Gottlieb, Robert M Mentzer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury has been attributed in part to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction (including damage to Complex I) and the resultant excessive production of reactive...
Phase I/II Study of Gemcitabine and Exisulind as Second-Line Therapy in Patients with Advanced Non–small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Tien Hoang, KyungMann Kim, Joseph Merchant, Anne M. Traynor, James McGovern, Kurt R. Oettel, Fredrico A. Sanchez, Harish G. Ahuja, Thomas A. Hensing, Martha Larson, Joan H. Schiller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Art: Matters of Life and Death
Authors: Irene J Higginson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Season of arts events at Battersea Arts Centre, London, 16 June-15 July 2000

  A consultant in a famous teaching hospital once said to me: “Only 50% of my patients ever die.” But death is an inevitable part of life. As the Scottish historian and essayist Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881), observed: “Death means going over to the majority.” Almost all doctors will care for patients whose illness progresses and who ultimately die.

Matters of Life and Death probed this last great taboo. The festival united an array of artists exploring death and all that surrounds it. There was something for everyone—performances for adults and children, exhibitions, the spoken word, discussions, music, family events, film, workshops, and sessions for schools.

Two per cent of children are bereaved of a parent before the age of 18, and many more lose grandparents, friends, or siblings. Yet we often avoid talking with children about death. How High is Up?, a performance by the group Theatre Centre, was aimed at 5-7 year olds. In this comic fairy tale, Little Star tries to stop time in order to prevent the death of a friend who is old and ill. She consults a series of magicians, who perform tricks with horrible weather and offer to stop the rains of bitter experience and the winds of uncertainty. But the magicians can offer only things she does not want—an eerie echo of some medical consultations. Bravely and yet simply, the play draws on the connection between the magicians' questions—“How high is up?” and “How deep is down?”—and the cycle of life. The work is challenging, absorbing, and moving, with excellent performances from the small cast of four interspersed by African drumming.

In the exhibition High Spirits students at a local school worked with artists Sam Wells, Emma Spencer, and Peter Glanville to create coffins, urns, shrines, and caskets based on the themes explored in the season's events. There were fascinating tributes to relatives, friends, and many different pets.

There was an excellent and provocative performance by Corin Redgrave of Oscar Wilde's De Profundis, based on the letter that Wilde sent to his friend and lover Lord Alfred Douglas when he left Reading Gaol. Comedians explored sex and death, a cabaret presented “Famous and not-so-famous mortalities of people we've never actually met,” and a workshop taught us about “Funerals and how to make them more personal.” And there were late night ghost stories for those keen on death's more frightening aspects. 

Artists have meddled with death in every generation. Matters of Life and Death was an eclectic and captivating blend of work that challenged the way we think—and often do not think—about death and the cycle of life. Battersea Arts Centre is to be applauded for tackling death with such fun, information, sensitivity, and, sometimes, sadness.
Abstract 44: Evaluation of Knowledge Levels in Basic Life Support of Students from Last Year of Medicine Graduation
Authors: Renan G Oliveira, Maria M Gonzalez, Rafaela F Soares, Lucas J Pires, Caio B Vianna, Thaysa Y Abra, Sergio Timerman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Due to high rates of cardiac arrest in countries like USA, Canada and Brazil, it is very important that students in the health field know the Basic Life Support (BLS), especially medical students. Hypothesis: We evaluated the hypothesis that medical students in the last year of medicine graduation of a public university of Sao Paulo, Brazil, would be able to pass the practical test of the course of the American Heart Association BLS. Methods: We studied 136 medical students in the last year of medicine graduation. The assessment of knowledge levels of BLS was performed by an experienced instructor with the check-list of the BLS Test of AHA according to the 2005 Guidelines of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by AHA. Skills were realized on a BLS manikin. Results: The mean age was 24.4 ±1.8 years, 68% were male. Five students had the BLS course certificate by AHA. It was observed that all of the participants did not accomplish, at least, one of the evaluation requirements. According to the criteria of the Test BLS: 94% checked for response, 68% told someone to phone emergency response number and 86% got an AED, 70% opened correctly the airway, 55% checked for no breathing, 45% gave two breaths, 71% evaluated carotid pulse, 64% delivered first cycle of compressions at correct rate, 52% gave two breaths, 46% delivered second cycle of compressions at correct hand position, 56% gave two breaths. Concerning the AED use, 36% turned AED on, 74% selected proper AED pads and places correctly, 40% cleared victim to analyze, 69% cleared victim to shock, 95% restarted chest compressions, 83% kept pads on the chest of the manikin. Conclusion: The results showed that an unsatisfactory level of knowledge in BLS is presented in the final year of medicine graduation, and suggests that the BLS course should be part of the curriculum of medical schools.
Needle Biopsy as Aid to Precise Diagnosis of Intrathoracic Disease
Authors: M Aronovitch, J Chartier, L M Kahana, J F Meakins, M Groszman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Abstract 3371: EP2 Receptor Signaling Effects the Early Phase of Collateral Remodeling During Ischemic Hindlimb Conditions in the Rat and in The EP2 Receptor Knockout Mouse
Authors: Daniel G Molin, Henny Schulten, Sanne Verbruggen, Niek van Stipdonk, Anneke M Sijbers, Dianne J Delsing, Mark J Post
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 1657: Prophylactic Implantation Of Cardioverter Defibrillators In Patients With Severe Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Arnt V Kristen, Thomas J Dengler, Ute Hegenbart, Stefan O Schonland, Falk-Udo Sack, Frederick Voss, Rüdiger Becker, Hugo A Katus, Alexander Bauer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: Benefit of prophylactic implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients with cardiac light-chain amyloidosis (CA) was assessed. Background: CA carries a high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Methods: Implantation of ICD was performed in 19 patients with histologically proven CA because of a high risk for SCD. These 19 patients were compared to historical controls of CA without ICD. Survival was defined as absence of death or heart transplantation. Definition of high risk for SCD was based on heart failure (NYHA ≥II), a history of unexplained syncope, interventricular septal thickness ≥15mm (IVS), left ventricular ejection fraction ≤45% (LVEF), ventricular premature contractions Lown ≥IVa, serum level of troponin T ≥0.03 μg/l (TnT) and/or a N-terminal-proBNP level ≥3500 ng/l. Results: Patients had NYHA class ≥II (n=17; 89%), syncopes (n=9; 47%), IVS ≥15mm (n=17; 89%), LVEF ≤45% (n=5; 26%), Lown ≥IVa (n=15; 79%), TnT &gt;0.03 μg/l (n=9; 47%), and NT-proBNP ≥3500 ng/l (n=12; 63%). There were no severe perioperative complications. During a median follow-up of 380 days 2 patients with sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias were successfully treated by the ICD. There were 9 deaths from electromechanical dissociation (n=5), heart transplantation (n=2) or non-cardiac causes (n=2). Survival of ICD patients did not differ from matched controls. Non-survivors had higher NT-proBNP plasma levels (7576±1571 ng/l) than survivors (4036±737 ng/l, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: ICD implantation in high-risk patients with CA is feasible, but while selected patients may benefit from an ICD, routine prophylactic implantation is not recommended. More specific predictors of SCD need to be identified.
Abstract P163: Healthful Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Hypertension Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Shanshan Li, Wei Bao, Deirdre K Tobias, Yeyi Zhu, Jorge E Chavarro, John P Forman, Frank B Hu, Cuilin Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Women who developed gestational diabetes (GDM) are at an increased risk for hypertension, compared with parous women without GDM. The role of diet in the progression to hypertension among this highly susceptible population is unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study among 3,818 women with a history of GDM in the Nurses’ Health Study II, as a part of the ongoing Diabetes &amp; Women’s Health Study. These women were followed from 1991 until 2011. Incident hypertension was identified by self-report with a previously validated questionnaire. Adherence scores for the 2010 Alternative Health Eating Index (AHEI-2010), the Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMed) and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) were computed for each participant; higher scores indicate better diet quality. Cox proportional hazard models were used adjusting for major risk factors for hypertension, including dietary and lifestyle factors, medical history, reproductive factors and medications. Results: We documented 1,069 incident hypertension cases during a median of 18.5 years follow-up. After multivariate adjustment, the AHEI-2010, and DASH scores were significantly and inversely associated with risk of hypertension. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing the extreme quartiles (highest vs. lowest) was 0.78 (0.63-0.96, P for linear trend=0.02) for AHEI-2010, 0.77 (0.62-0.96, P for trend=0.02) for DASH score and 0.80 (0.65-0.99, P for trend=0.06) for aMed score. Conclusion: After GDM, adherence to a healthful dietary pattern was related to a lower risk of developing hypertension.
Moving beyond single and dual diagnosis in general practice
Authors: N. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The awkward phrase “multiple morbidity” describes the common predicament of the many patients who have more than one health problem. Such patients are disproportionately represented among populations that are socioeconomically deprived and elderly.1 A socioeconomic gradient exists in the incidence and prevalence of almost all major categories of disease, meaning that individuals and families who are socioeconomically disadvantaged are at risk of a compounding multiplicity of health and social problems.2 This multiple morbidity, coupled with the fact that the population of the United Kingdom is ageing,3 poses challenges to the delivery of effective health care that have received almost no official attention.

Examples from mental health show that provision of service in this field has been slow to move from single diagnosis to dual diagnosis.4 Dual diagnosis applies to patients who have a mental health problem and problematic substance or alcohol use. A recent report on dual diagnosis from the Department of Health highlighted the role that primary care had in ensuring adequate care pathways for patients with mental health problems, drug problems, and related physical problems such as infection with hepatitis B or C virus or HIV.2 The report highlighting the issue of dual diagnosis did not use the term “multiple morbidity” to describe these patients. We believe, however, that such a term accurately describes the multitude of health need. It is our purpose to highlight this need so that effective policy measures can be taken to ensure adequate service provision for this complex group of patients.

In the …