tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fecal microbiota transplantation: a tale of two regulatory pathways
Authors: Diane E. Hoffmann, Gail H. Javitt, Colleen R. Kelly, Josbert J. Keller, Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall, Christian Lodberg Hvas
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure involving the transfer of intestinal microbiota from a healthy donor to a patient to restore a functional intestinal microbiome. First described in modern science in 1958, the use of FMT has been practiced for decades, but only during the past dozen years have clinical frameworks and legal regulations from competent authorities been developed. Future development of microbiota-derived medical therapies will be shaped by the regulatory frameworks of various jurisdictions. This review examines the historical development and status of FMT regulations in the United States and Europe, with particular attention to their respective approaches to ensuring the safety and quality of the therapeutic product and patient access.
Natural Turmeric‐Derived Nanovesicles‐Laden Metal‐Polyphenol Hydrogel Synergistically Restores Skin Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis via a Dual‐Repair Strategy
Authors: Mingzhen Zhong, Tong Liao, Zehan Zeng, Jiangang Mei, Bodeng Wu, Shan Lin, Yitao Zhao, Yong Tan, Ningcen Li, Qi Xiu, Chunchen Liu, Xiuhua Wu, Chengtao Nie, Huixian Lin, Ye Zhang, Wenbin Li, Bo Li, Weilun Pan, Lei Zheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Skin barrier impairment is critical in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), increasing vulnerability to external pathogens and disrupting cell metabolism, which leads to inflammatory stress and immune imbalance. In this study, a natural turmeric‐derived nanovesicle (TDNV)‐laden metal polyphenol hydrogel, termed Fe‐HD@TDNV is proposed, to synergistically restore the compromised skin barrier in AD through a dual‐repair strategy. The TDNV effectively regulates metabolic activity by upregulating the expression of skin barrier proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in keratinocytes, thereby reinforcing barrier integrity and combating pathogens. Simultaneously, the Fe‐HD hydrogel, cross‐linked by Fe 3 ⁺ ions and hyaluronic acid‐graft‐dopamine (HD), provides superior skin compatibility and establishes a low oxidative stress environment for potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of TDNV. By improving skin barrier conditions, the Fe‐HD@TDNV hydrogel exhibited desirable performance in maintaining better skin hydration, reducing epidermal thickness, and decreasing abnormal immune responses in acute skin disruption models and AD models. This work is expected to offer insights into the cross‐kingdom regulation between plant‐derived nanovesicles and mammals, as well as the design of disease‐specific dual‐functional repair strategies.
Correction to “New systemic treatment paradigms in advanced biliary tract cancer and variations in patient access across Europe” [The Lancet Regional Health – Europe, volume 50, March 2025, 101170]
Authors: Lorenza Rimassa, Angela Lamarca, Grainne M O'Kane, Julien Edeline, Mairéad G McNamara, Arndt Vogel, Matteo Fassan, Alejandro Forner, Timothy Kendall, Jorge Adeva, Andrea Casadei-Gardini, Lorenzo Fornaro, Antoine Hollebecque, Maeve A Lowery, Teresa Macarulla, David Malka, Elene Mariamidze, Monica Niger, Anu Ustav, John Bridgewater, Rocio I R Macias, Chiara Braconi
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
Female endurance athletes: smaller hearts but similar relationship between ventricular size, fitness and fibrosis as male athletes
Authors: Stephanie Rowe, Kristel Janssens, Amy Mitchell, Paolo D'Ambrosio, Jarne De Paepe, Sofie Van Soest, Margarita Calvo-Lopez, Oscar Cullen, Luke Spencer, Christophe Dausin, Olivier Ghekiere, Jan Bogaert, Lieven Herbots, Youri Bekhuis, Rik Pauwels, Rik Willems, Hein Heidbuchel, Guido Claessen, André La Gerche
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2025)

Exercise-induced cardiac remodelling is well described in male athletes but incompletely understood in females. This study aimed to examine sex differences in cardiac structure, function and fibrosis relative to fitness and to determine reference ranges for 'normal' chamber size in a large cohort of healthy male and female highly trained endurance athletes. This multicentre international study used cardiac MRI and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (VO2peak) to assess sex-specific relationships between measures of biventricular chamber size, function, fibrosis and VO2peak. Of the 364 endurance athletes included, 36.5% were female. Compared with males, female athletes achieved lower VO2peak (51 (40-57) vs 59 (41-65) mL/kg/min, p<0.001), had smaller absolute and body surface area (BSA)-indexed left and right end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV, respectively) but similar volumes when indexed to fat-free mass. Both sexes showed a strong association between LVEDV and VO2peak (r=0.60-0.66) and a similar coefficient describing the linear relationship between VO2peak and LVEDV (Females: VO2peak(mL/min)=12.1×LVEDV+963.9; males: VO2peak=15.3×LVEDV+806.8, p=0.100) and BSA-indexed LVEDV (females: VO2peak (mL/kg/min)=0.37×LVEDV/BSA+12.5; males: VO2peak=0.51×LVEDV/BSA-1.2, p=0.059). There was no difference between right ventricular (RV) measures and VO2peak; however, males had 3.8 times higher odds of reduced RV ejection fraction. Prevalent myocardial scar was similar for both female (14.2%) and male (19.9%) athletes (p=0.180). Female and male athletes demonstrate similar cardiac remodelling relative to fitness and no sex difference in myocardial scar. The female athlete's heart can show profound adaptation, and previous assertions that female hearts have lesser capacity for remodelling should be reappraised.
Can Molecular Breast Imaging With Tc-99m Sestamibi Safely Rule Out Malignancy in Pathologic Nipple Discharge?
Authors: Sofia C. Vaz, Christinne L.S. Corion, Jelle Goeman, Anneke M. Zeillemaker, Rachel Hezemans, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Lenka M. Pereira Arias-Bouda
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose: Nipple discharge is the third most common breast-related complaint. It is recommended to exclude malignancy in pathologic nipple discharge (PND). Mammography and ultrasound are the first-line conventional diagnostic (CD) imaging. Although magnetic resonance is often used as a complementary modality, molecular breast imaging (MBI) with Tc-99m sestamibi may be a suitable alternative. Considering the lack of information on this subject and its clinical importance, this study aimed to evaluate the role of MBI in ruling out malignancy in patients with PND and negative/indeterminate CD. Patients and Methods: Retrospective cohort single-center study including all patients with PND evaluated by CD and MBI between 2012 and 2020. Pathology was considered the gold standard. Follow-up was used when pathology was not available. Results: Of the 96 cases of PND included, 78 were benign, and 18 (20%) corresponded to breast cancer (BC). Although CD and MBI were concordant in the BIRADS classification in 81% (78/96), half of BC were detected by MBI only. BC was located directly behind the nipple in a minority of patients (11%), meaning that MBI could significantly prevent futile central ductal excision. MBI presented higher sensitivity (83% vs. 33%) and negative predictive value (96% vs. 86%) than CD alone, with similar specificity (89% vs. 92%) and positive predictive value (63% vs. 50%). The area under the curve of MBI and CD was 0,86 ( P -value&lt;0.001 [95% CI: 0.75–0.97]) and 0.63 ( P -value=0.091 [95% CI: 0.47-0.79]), respectively. Conclusions: MBI showed good diagnostic accuracy for detecting BC in patients with PND with negative/indeterminate findings on CD imaging.
Superior Response of CAP-PRRT of G3 NET When Switching to the Somatostatin Receptor Antagonist LM3: Intraindividual Proof-of-concept
Authors: Tilman Speicher, Caroline Burgard, Florian Rosar, Moritz Bastian, Mark Bartholomä, Stephan Maus, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present a 67-year-old man with inoperable metastatic G3 NET of the pancreas. The lesions were intensely positive in [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and only weakly positive in the supplementary [ 18 F]-FDG PET/CT. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [ 177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-octreotate, after longstanding efficacy with repetitive retreatments over 7 years, eventually resulted only in disease stabilization without partial regression of lesions. After switching PRRT to the somatostatin receptor antagonist [ 177 Lu]Lu-DOTA-LM3, a marked therapy response was observed, in remarkable contrast to the stable disease effect of 177 Lu-octreotate seen right before. This interesting image illustrates the superior therapeutic efficacy of somatostatin antagonist PRRT over agonist-based PRRT.
A Case of Primary Hepatic Myopericytoma, Rare Benign Tumor, Depicted With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Suzune Tsukamoto, Toshiyuki Sato, Koji Kitamura, Takuhito Ooe, Makoto Hosono
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 47-year-old man was incidentally diagnosed with a hepatic tumor while undergoing ultrasonography. Dynamic CT and MRI revealed a 4.8×3.7×3.5 cm lesion with progressive peripheral enhancement and heterogeneous T2WI signals. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated moderate FDG uptake (SUV max 4.7) in the tumor without other primary lesions. The patient was histopathologically diagnosed with primary hepatic myopericytoma, an extremely rare benign tumor, with only 6 cases reported in the literature to date. This case report highlights the clinical and imaging features, especially the role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT, in distinguishing myopericytoma from malignant hepatic tumors such as liver metastasis and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Intracranial Micrococcus Luteus Infection Mimicking Brain Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Qiaoqiao Shu, Maoxue Deng, Liang Cai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

An 86-year-old man presented with slurred speech and right lower limb shaking for 1 month. Initial brain MRI revealed an abnormal signal lesion in the left parietal lobe with peripheral parenchymal edema, and brain metastases were suspected. Subsequent PET/CT showed increased focal FDG uptake in the left parietal lobe, accompanied by bands of surrounding brain parenchyma edema. No other abnormal lesions were observed on 18 F-FDG PET/CT except for increased inflammatory lymph node activity in the left hilar region. Finally, the cerebrospinal fluid puncture culture showed a Micrococcus luteus infection. Therefore, the clinical diagnosis was infectious lesions.
18F-FDG PET/CT in NUT Carcinoma of the Thorax
Authors: Anselm Johannes Schlemmer, Gregor Gorkiewicz, Martin Michael Uggowitzer, Spela Salamon, Philipp Jost, Emina Talakic
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

NUT carcinoma (NUTc) is a rare, aggressive cancer characterized by rearrangement of the NUTM1 gene on chromosome 15q14. We present the case of a 32-year-old man with a persisting cough, reduced general condition, and B symptoms for 2 months. CT imaging revealed a highly suspicious mass in the right lung, infiltrating hilar structures, and the mediastinum. Staging with 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated pathologic 18 F-FDG uptake within the tumor. Histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis confirmed NUTc of the lung. Metabolic imaging modalities may play a key role in staging, restaging, and assessing treatment response in patients with NUTc.
18F-FDG Versus 68Ga-FAPI PET/MRI Findings in a Case of Primary Gastric Melanoma
Authors: Runjun Yang, Zhengquan Hu, Hongcheng Shi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Primary gastric melanoma has an extremely low incidence. In this case, we describe the 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/MRI findings in a 43-year-old patient with primary gastric melanoma. The imaging revealed heterogeneous patterns between 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI PET/MRI, emphasizing the complementary roles of dual-tracer imaging in characterizing tumor characteristics of primary gastric melanoma.
FDG PET/CT in Two Patients With Isolated Splenic Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer is rare. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer is even rarer. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in 2 patients with solitary isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. FDG PET/CT showed intense activity of the splenic tumors, mimicking the primary splenic tumor. Careful correlation with the patient’s history, serum tumor marker level, and anatomic imaging findings is helpful for the diagnosis.
Comparable Diagnostic Performance of 99mTc-FAPI Scintigraphy and Contrast-enhanced CT in Restaging a Rare Case of Metastatic Colon Adenocarcinoma to the Urachus
Authors: Amin Saber Tanha, Nasrin Raeisi, Farid Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, Kamran Aryana, Atena Aghaee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present a case of a 33-year-old man with gross hematuria and dysuria, leading to the discovery of a bladder and urachal mass. Imaging revealed significant bladder wall thickening and regional lymph node metastases. Following transurethral resection, histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses were consistent with the urachal metastatic adenocarcinoma with colon origin. After chemotherapy, a 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy was performed, revealing favorable FAPI uptake in all tumoral lesions detected in the contrast-enhanced CT scan. This case highlights the diagnostic utility of FAPI-46, as a novel radiotracer, in evaluating urachal neoplasms and its potential for theranostic approaches.
CLU alleviates Alzheimer’s disease-relevant processes by modulating astrocyte reactivity and microglia-dependent synaptic density
Authors: Alexandra M Lish, Elyssa F L Grogan, Courtney R Benoit, Richard V Pearse, Sarah E Heuer, Tain Luquez, Gwendolyn A Orme, Paige C Galle, Giedre Milinkeviciute, Kim N Green, Kellianne D Alexander, Seeley B Fancher, Andrew M Stern, Masashi Fujita, David A Bennett, Nicholas T Seyfried, Philip L De Jager, Vilas Menon, Tracy L Young-Pearse
Journal: Neuron (2025)
2025 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Patients With Chronic Coronary Disease
Authors: Marlene S. Williams, Glenn N. Levine, Dinesh Kalra, Anandita Agarwala, Diana Baptiste, Joaquin E. Cigarroa, Rebecca L. Diekemper, Marva V. Foster, Martha Gulati, Timothy D. Henry, Dipti Itchhaporia, Jennifer S. Lawton, L. Kristin Newby, Kelly C. Rogers, Krishan Soni, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
Exploring environmental and cardiometabolic impacts associated with adherence to the sustainable EAT-Lancet reference diet: findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors: Man Wu, Yiqian Lv, Wenjing Liu, Ke Liu, Yin Wang, Zhixin Cui, Huicui Meng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

To contribute to the growing evidence on the potential co-benefits of the EAT-Lancet reference diet for cardiometabolic health and sustainability, we investigated this topic in a nation-wide prospective cohort of Chinese adults. Adherence to this diet has been measured using several indices, including World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH) and Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI). We aimed to investigate the associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet, as evaluated by WISH and PHDI, with risk of new-onset cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), risk of all-cause mortality and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We included adults (N=14,652 for CMDs and 15,318 for all-cause mortality) from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015) in the analysis. Dietary intake data were collected and WISH and PHDI scores were computed with established methods. CMDs included myocardial infarction (MI), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and stroke. We used Cox proportional hazard regression models, to analyze data with a mean of 10-years of follow-up from the date of baseline to the end of study or until the occurrence of the event of interest whichever came first. We adjusted for sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary characteristics of participants as confounders. Greater adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet, as reflected by higher WISH or PHDI scores, were inversely associated with risk of MI (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.48-0.96) for WISH and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.07-0.29) for PHDI), T2DM (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.81 (95% CI: 0.67-0.96) for WISH and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.57-0.82) for PHDI), all-cause mortality (Q4 vs Q1:HR=0.80 (95% CI: 0.68-0.95) for WISH and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.46-0.80) for PHDI) in fully adjusted models (all P-trend <0.05). Both WISH and PHDI were inversely associated with GHG emissions in fully adjusted models (all P-trend <0.05). WISH and PHDI were not significantly associated with risk of stroke. Our findings supported the co-benefits of the EAT-Lancet reference diet for both cardiometabolic health and environmental sustainability. Long-term adherence to this reference diet as effectively indicated by either higher WISH or PHDI scores may reduce the risk and burden of CMDs and all-cause mortality in Chinese adults. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15006.
Carcinogenic Industrial Air Emissions and Lung Cancer Risk in a Cohort of 440,000 Americans
Authors: Jessica M. Madrigal, Jared A. Fisher, Caroline N. Pruitt, Linda M. Liao, Barry I. Graubard, Mary H Ward, Debra T Silverman, Rena R Jones
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)

Industrial facilities emit known lung carcinogens into air, but the association of these agents with lung cancer risk at environmental levels is unknown. To investigate industrial emissions and lung cancer risk. We used a U.S. regulatory database to estimate airborne exposure to known and probable human carcinogens (N=31) emitted from industrial sources (1987-1995) for 442,986 participants in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. We estimated inverse distance- and wind-weighted average exposures within 1, 2, 5, and 10km of the enrollment residence. Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for smoking and other confounders, we evaluated lung cancer risk overall and by major histologic subtype (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma) for levels (tertiles, medians) of exposure to each agent. Among agents with prior evidence of lung carcinogenicity, overall risk was elevated for cobalt (5km-HRT3=1.19, CI=1.10-1.29; p-trend=<0.0001; 10km-HRT3=1.15, CI=1.09-1.21; p-trend=<0.0001) and beryllium (5km-HRT3=1.20, 95%CI=0.94-1.55; p-trend=0.15; 10km-HRT3=1.15, 95%CI=1.01-1.31; p-trend=0.02). We also observed associations with benzene and nickel. For agents without prior evidence, styrene was associated with risk at 1km (HRT3=1.22, 95%CI=1.00-1.48; p-trend=0.03). Diethyl sulfate, chromium, and lead were also associated with risk. Associations for cobalt, benzene, nickel, and diethyl sulfate were most apparent for squamous cell carcinoma. Our novel findings show that relatively high air emissions of numerous carcinogenic industrial agents near the home were associated with lung cancer risk unexplained by smoking. These and the stronger associations for squamous cell carcinoma highlight the potential role of industrial exposures in lung cancer development.
Efficacy and safety of oral JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib monotherapy for papulopustular rosacea: A real-world study
Authors: Bingyang Xu, Yuxin Qing, Yuanqin Wang, Zining Xu, Shuhong Ye, Bin Zhao, Hong Sun, Na Wu, Jiawen Wu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Inpatient Hospitalization of Adolescents Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Andrew J. Hrycko, Molly Sinderbrand
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2025)

Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are admitted to inpatient psychiatric hospitalization (IPH) at an alarmingly high rate. IPH is often intended for the immediate benefit and betterment of the individual, however, the result often incurs a degree of harm on the adolescent. With the rising prevalence of ASD and lack of physicians with ASD care experience, the adolescent is left with inadequate treatment, causing heightened anxiety and behavioral regression. While IPH may offer temporary relief and behavior management, it lacks sustainable long-term benefits while conflicting with the bioethical principle of beneficence. Here, we argue for a paradigm shift toward outpatient preventative resources (OPR), providing individualized, community-based care aimed at preventing the need of IPH, using it as mainly a last resort. By reallocating funding from IPH to OPR, the overall patient outcomes and support for caregivers will improve and effectively will reduce the harm on the ASD adolescent.
Parecoxib sequential with imrecoxib for occurrence and remission of severe acute pancreatitis: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Luming Huang, Zhe Feng, Wenjuan Yang, Yin Zhu, Jing Li, Libin Huang, Rui Wang, Lan Peng, Mingshun He, Yingmei Tang, Ping Chen, Cheng Lan, Xiaoqing Zhou, Lin Zhou, Cheng Ye, Linhao Zhang, Jingsun Jiang, Yanting Ye, Rui Wang, Yan He, Yan Liu, Hui Gong, Huifang Xiong, Liang Xia, Haiyan Xu, Bin Zhang, Rongfang Tu, Chun Du, Lujia Cui, Jinhang Gao, Zhiyin Huang, Chengwei Tang
Journal: Gut (2025)

Background There is no effective drug treatment for the organ failure (OF) caused by severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2-Is) on the treatment of SAP and its safety. Design In this multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, investigator-initiated trial, 348 patients with acute pancreatitis aged 18–75 years, &lt;1 week from onset of illness to admission, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score ≥7 or modified Marshall Score ≥2, were randomly assigned (1:1) to the COX-2-Is group (parecoxib sequential with imrecoxib) or the placebo group. SAP occurrence, duration of OF, local complications, clinical outcomes and serum inflammatory mediators were measured. Results Compared with the placebo group, SAP occurrence was reduced by 20.7% (77.6% vs 61.5%, p=0.001) and the persistent OF duration in SAP was shortened by 2 days (p&lt;0.001) after COX-2-Is treatment. For patients enrolled within or after 48 hours from symptom onset, SAP occurrence was reduced by 23.8% (p=0.001) and 8.5% (p=0.202), and the persistent OF duration in SAP was shortened by 3 days (p=0.001) and 2 days (p=0.010) after COX-2-Is treatment, respectively. The occurrence of local complications in the COX-2-Is group was significantly lower than those in the placebo group, 33.7% vs 49.1%, p=0.004. The serum levels of inflammatory mediators and 30-day mortality (from 8.6% to 3.4%) were significantly reduced after COX-2-Is treatment, p&lt;0.05. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two treatment groups. Conclusion Parecoxib sequential with imrecoxib was effective and well tolerated in reducing the occurrence and duration of SAP and local complications through suppression of systemic inflammatory response, leading to decreased morbidity.