Abstract 1326: Pre-clinical development of ARB011: A CDH17 targeting allogeneic nonviral RNA-based <i>“Flash”</i> CAR-NK therapy for gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Jaydeep Roy, Nga Tin Lin, Kronos Chow, Chih Ya Yang, James C.L. Lin, John M. Luk, Kwong F. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Background: Treatment for advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has remained challenging, therefore, novel immunotherapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells are being developed as a new hope for the patients. However, despite the clinical successes in hematologic malignancies, the overall safety and efficacy against solid tumors of CAR-T cells have yet to be established, and the manufacturing of autologous CAR-T cells requires lengthy cell expansion and viral transduction processes. In view of these technical challenges, we have developed ARB011, an RNA-based allogeneic CAR-NK therapy targeting GI cancers expressing cadherin-17 (CDH17), a promising therapeutic target with its overexpression associated with poor prognosis in patients with GI cancers. The use of allogeneic NK cells would mitigate the risk of graft-versus-host disease. Moreover, engineering NK cells with nonviral CAR-encoding mRNA would provide a rapid large-scale manufacturing platform with minimal risk of abnormal genetic alteration mediated by viral integration. Methods: To generate the ARB011 CAR-NK cells, ex vivo expanded human peripheral blood NK (Magicell-NK, Medigen, Taiwan) cells were electroporated with mRNA encoding a humanized anti-CDH17 scFv fused with transactivation domains. Flow cytometry, in vitro cytotoxicity assay, and cytokine release assay were performed to evaluate the expression and functionality of ARB011. To examine the developability of ARB011 as an off-the-shelf cell product, cryopreservation and large-scale electroporation were also studied. Results: Flow cytometry analysis revealed efficient electroporation with a high level of CDH17 CAR expression (&amp;gt;80%) and optimal CAR-NK cell viability (60%-80%). Following electroporation, cytotoxicity of ARB011 was tested against gastric (AGS and NCI-N87), colorectal (DLD-1 and T84), and liver (MHCC-97H) cancer cells by co-culturing at 1:1 and 2:1 effector/target ratio for 12-24h. ARB011 showed significant cytotoxicity against CDH17+ but not CDH17- cancer cells. The CDH17-sepcific cytotoxicity was accompanied with elevated levels of CD107a or LAMP-1 expression on CAR-NK cells and IFN-γ and TNF-α releases. Interestingly, cryopreserved ARB011 maintained optimal cell viability, CAR expression, and potent CDH17 target-specific cytolytic activity. Lastly, large-scale electroporation showed the establishment of up-scaling process of ARB011 production for clinical application. Conclusions: Overall, the findings suggest that ARB011 could be a novel off-the-shelf, CAR-NK therapy that warrants further studies in animal models and in clinical trials. Citation Format: Jaydeep Roy, Nga Tin Lin, Kronos Chow, Chih Ya Yang, James C.L. Lin, John M. Luk, Kwong F. Wong. Pre-clinical development of ARB011: A CDH17 targeting allogeneic nonviral RNA-based “Flash” CAR-NK therapy for gastrointestinal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1326.