tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subtypes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Are Differentially Associated With Newborn and Childhood Metabolic Outcomes
Authors: Meredith E. Osmulski, Yuanzhi Yu, Alan Kuang, Jami L. Josefson, Marie-France Hivert, Denise M. Scholtens, William L. Lowe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on insulin sensitivity and secretion have been described. We addressed the hypothesis that GDM subtypes are differentially associated with newborn and child anthropometric and glycemic outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Newborn and child (age 11–14 years) outcomes were examined in 7,970 and 4,160 mother-offspring dyads, respectively, who participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study (HAPO) and Follow-Up Study. GDM was classified as insulin-deficient GDM (insulin secretion &amp;lt;25th percentile with preserved insulin sensitivity), insulin-resistant GDM (insulin sensitivity &amp;lt;25th percentile with preserved insulin secretion), or mixed-defect GDM (both &amp;lt;25th percentile). Regression models for newborn and child outcomes included adjustment for field center, maternal BMI, and other pregnancy covariates. Child models also included adjustment for child age, sex, and family history of diabetes. RESULTS Compared with mothers with normal glucose tolerance, all three GDM subtypes were associated with birth weight and sum of skinfolds &amp;gt;90th percentile. Insulin-resistant and mixed-defect GDM were associated with higher risk of cord C-peptide levels &amp;gt;90th percentile. Insulin-resistant GDM was associated with higher risk of neonatal hypoglycemia. Insulin-resistant GDM was associated with higher risk of neonatal hypoglycemia and childhood obesity (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% CI 1.127–2.08). The risk of child-impaired glucose tolerance was higher with insulin-resistant (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.50–3.25) and mixed-defect GDM (OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.47–6.19). CONCLUSIONS GDM subtypes are differentially associated with newborn and childhood outcomes. Better characterizing individuals with GDM could help identify at-risk offspring to offer targeted, preventative interventions early in life.
Mechanistic insights into ruxolitinib cream for mild hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: John R Ingram
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Mechanistic insights into ruxolitinib cream for mild hidradenitis suppurativa Get access John R Ingram John R Ingram Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK Email:[email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-1142 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, ljaf019, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljaf019 Published: 09 January 2025 Article history Received: 05 January 2025 Accepted: 06 January 2025 Published: 09 January 2025
Talking about trauma: A systematic review of young people's reactions to trauma-focused research
Authors: Caitlin Haile, Emily P Taylor, Corina Orr, Eilidh MacKinnon
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2025)

Concerns persist about the potential negative impact of asking young people about their trauma experiences in a research context. Previous research on this ethical issue has focused on adult populations, and the limited evidence for young people has limitations. This systematic review synthesised empirical evidence of young people's reactions to trauma-focused research, and associated participant and study characteristics. Eligible studies included young people aged up to 18 years in any setting who were systematically asked about their response to participating in trauma-focused research. Seventeen studies were identified, containing a total of 40,660 participants. Risk of bias was assessed using a bespoke quality assessment tool. Findings revealed higher benefits than costs, suggesting generally positive appraisals of trauma-focused research for young people. Those with a trauma history or symptoms were more vulnerable to costs. Age and gender did not appear to influence costs, but it was unclear how these factors impacted benefits. These findings suggest that young people can safely be asked about their trauma experiences and its impact, but that consideration of trauma history and symptoms is needed. Routinely asking should become part of ethical research design and would contribute to a richer evidence base.
AZD2693, a PNPLA3 antisense oligonucleotide, for the treatment of MASH in 148M homozygous participants: two randomized phase I trials
Authors: Javier Armisen, Mitra Rauschecker, Janeli Sarv, Mathias Liljeblad, Linda Wernevik, Mohammad Niazi, Jane Knöchel, Olof Eklund, Therése Sandell, James Sherwood, Linnéa Bergenholm, Stefan Hallén, Shan Wang, Prasad Kamble, Maria Bhat, Ingela Maxvall, Yixin Wang, Richard G Lee, Sanjay Bhanot, Shuling Guo, Stefano Romeo, Eric Lawitz, Ola Fjellström, Daniel Lindén, Jenny E Blau, Rohit Loomba
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Polypharmacological strategies for infectious bacteria
Authors: Miguel M Leitão, Ariana S C Gonçalves, Fernanda Borges, Manuel Simões, Anabela Borges
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2025)

Polypharmacological approaches have significant potential for the treatment of various complex diseases, including infectious bacteria-related diseases. Actually, multitargeting agents can achieve better therapeutic effects and overcome the drawbacks of monotherapy. Although multidrug multitarget strategies have demonstrated the ability to inactivate infectious bacteria, several challenges have been pointed out. In this way, multitarget direct ligands approaches appear to be a rational and sustainable strategy to combat antibiotic resistance. By combining different pharmacophores, antibiotic hybrids stand out as a promising application in the field of bacterial infections. These new chemical entities can achieve synergistic interactions that allow to extend the spectrum of action and target multiple pathways. In addition, antibiotic hybrids can reduce the likelihood of resistance development and provide improved chemical stability. It is worth highlighting that despite the efforts of the scientific community to discover new solutions for the most complex diseases, there is a significant lack of studies on biofilm-associated infections. This review describes the different polypharmacological approaches that can be used to treat bacterial infections with a particular focus, whenever possible, on those promoted by biofilms. By exploring these innovative approaches, we aim to inspire further research and progress in the search for effective treatments for infectious bacteria-related diseases, including biofilm-related ones. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The importance of the proposed topic lies in the escalating challenge of antibiotic resistance, particularly in the context of infectious bacteria-related infections. Polypharmacological approaches, such as antibiotic hybrids, represent innovative strategies to combat bacterial infections. By targeting multiple signaling pathways, these approaches not only enhance therapeutic effect but also reduce the development of resistance while improving the drug's chemical stability. Despite the urgent need to combat bacterial infectious diseases, there is a notable research gap, in particular in biofilm-related ones. This review highlights the critical importance of exploring polypharmacological approaches with the aim of motivating further research and advances in effective treatments for infectious bacteria, including biofilm related infections.
The BMJ appeal 2024-25: Meet the vascular surgeon assisting clinicians in Gaza, where 98% of the population is in a state of humanitarian need
Authors: Jane Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2025)

The war in Gaza continues to claim lives at an alarming rate, and doctors on the ground need support to stem the tide. <b>Jane Feinmann</b> speaks to one doctor who joined the International Rescue Committee's efforts
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Stefano Di Bella, Ugo Giulio Sisto, Filippo Mearelli
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Uncertain Prognostic Impact of Visceral Pleural Invasion
Authors: Bahadır Köylü, Deniz Can Güven
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Enhanced DLP-Based One-Step 3D Printing of Multifunctional Magnetic Soft Robot
Authors: Zhaoxin Li, Ding Weng, Lei Chen, Yuan Ma, Zili Wang, Jiadao Wang
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

Soft structures driven by magnetic fields exhibit the characteristics of being unencumbered and rapidly responsive, enabling the fabrication of various soft robots according to specific requirements. However, soft structures made from a single magnetic material cannot meet the multifunctional demands of practical scenarios, necessitating the development of soft robot fabrication technologies with composite structures of diverse materials. A novel enhanced digital light processing (DLP) 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been developed, capable of printing composite magnetic structures with different materials in a single step. Furthermore, a soft robot with a hard magnetic material–superparamagnetic material composite was designed and printed, demonstrating its thermal effect under high-frequency magnetic fields and the editability of the magnetic domains of the hard magnetic material. The robot exhibits a range of locomotive behaviors, including crawling, rolling, and swimming. Under the influence of a 1-Hz actuation magnetic field, the normalized velocities for these modes of motion are recorded as 0.31 body length per second for crawling, 1.88 body length per second for rolling, and 0.14 body length per second for swimming. The robot has demonstrated its capacity to navigate uneven terrain, surmount barriers, and engage in directed locomotion, along with the ability to capture and transport objects. Additionally, it has showcased swimming capabilities within environments characterized by low Reynolds numbers and high fluid viscosities, findings that corroborate simulation analyses. The multimaterial 3D printing technology introduced in this research presents extensive potential for the design and manufacturing of multifunctional soft robots.
It Turns Out My Vertigo Was Caused by
Authors: Meg Yardley
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Platinum Wire-embedded Culturing Device for Interior Recording from Lollipop-shaped Neural Spheroids
Authors: Hongyong Zhang, Nan Huang, Sumin Bian, Mohamad Sawan
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

Three-dimensional (3D) neural cultures are increasingly recognized for their complexity and resemblance to in vivo neural microenvironments. In this paper, we present a novel 3D cell culturing and noninvasive characterization technique of neural spheroids. Based on embedded platinum wires, the cultured cells are lollipop-shaped spheroids where axons are extended and integrated around the embedded wires. Electrical microstimulation enhanced the connectivity between spheroids and demonstrated signal propagation among them. The resultant axonal elongation facilitated the formation of robust neural tracts interconnecting the neural spheroids. Variation of cells' density allows to adjust the spheroid's diameter, identifying 1 million cells as good number of cells for robust spheroid formation. Recordings of spheroid activities reveal higher-quality neural signal measurement from interior cells compared to those obtained from exterior cells. Viability assays confirmed the efficacy of the proposed culturing technique for sustained growth of neural spheroids over a 1-month period. The proposed spheroid culturing technique holds potential applications in various fields, such as development of brain organoids, which enables real-time interconnection characterization and sensing of environment conditions.
Genetic Ancestry–Based Differences in Biomarker-Based Eligibility for Precision Oncology Therapies
Authors: Kanika Arora, Sarah P. Suehnholz, Hongxin Zhang, Irina Ostrovnaya, Ritika Kundra, Subhiksha Nandakumar, Moriah H. Nissan, A. Rose Brannon, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Marc Ladanyi, Alexander Drilon, Carol L. Brown, David B. Solit, Nikolaus Schultz, Michael F. Berger, Debyani Chakravarty
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Importance Although differences in the prevalence of key cancer-specific somatic mutations as a function of genetic ancestry among patients with cancer has been well-established, few studies have addressed the practical clinical implications of these differences for the growing number of biomarker-driven treatments. Objective To determine if the approval of precision oncology therapies has benefited patients with cancer from various ancestral backgrounds equally over time. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective analysis of samples from patients with solid cancers who underwent clinical sequencing using the integrated mutation profiling of actionable cancer targets (MSK-IMPACT) assay between January 2014 and December 2022 was carried out. The annual fraction of patients per ancestral group with at least 1 level 1 biomarker was calculated for FDA drug approvals from January 1998 to December 2023. Analysis began in January 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures For each patient, genetic ancestry was quantitatively inferred, and patients were grouped based on predominant reference ancestry. OncoKB was used to identify all Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–recognized somatic biomarkers associated with FDA-approved therapies (level 1 biomarkers) in each tumor sample. Results Overall, the study included 59 433 patients. The approval of the EGFR -tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib for patients with EGFR -mutant lung cancers in 2013 disproportionately benefited patients of East Asian and South Asian ancestries, leading to higher patient fractions with level 1 biomarkers in these ancestral groups compared with other populations. Although the increase in precision oncology drug approvals from 2019 to 2020 had a notable positive impact on clinical actionability for patients of European ancestry, patients of African ancestry had the lowest fraction of level 1 biomarkers compared with other groups from 2019 onward. Conclusion and Relevance This study systematically assessed and compared temporal changes in genomic biomarker-based eligibility for precision oncology therapies as a function of inferred genetic ancestry derived from DNA sequencing data. Despite the accelerated rate of FDA approvals for precision oncology therapies over the past decade, measurable differences in biomarker-based drug eligibility among patient ancestral groups exist. These differences may exacerbate the systemic disparities in clinical outcomes in patients of African ancestry due to existing deficiencies in their access to cancer care.
Uncertain Prognostic Impact of Visceral Pleural Invasion—Reply
Authors: Nasser Altorki, Xiaofei Wang, Thomas E. Stinchcombe
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Phylogeny and virulence determinant detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum strains isolated at the UK Anaerobe Reference Unit between 1982 and 2019
Authors: Michael D Perry, Katleen Vranckx, Sarah Copsey-Mawer, Selina Scotford, Bethan Anderson, Philip J Day, Joanne Watkins, Sally Corden, Harriet Hughes, Trefor E Morris
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Effectiveness of shared decision making strategies for stroke prevention among patients with atrial fibrillation: cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elissa M Ozanne, Geoffrey D Barnes, Juan P Brito, Kenzie A Cameron, Kerri L Cavanaugh, Tom Greene, Elizabeth A Jackson, Victor M Montori, Benjamin A Steinberg, Daniel M Witt, Peter Noseworthy, Rod S Passman, Preeti Kansal, George Crossley, Dan M Roden, Joshua T Christensen, Anthony Ariotti, Aubrey E Jones, Tyler Bardsley, Chaorong Wu, Angela Fagerlin
Journal: BMJ (2025)

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple decision aid strategies in promoting high quality shared decision making for prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Design Cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting Six academic medical centers in the United States. Participants Patient participants were aged ≥18 with a diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation, at risk for stroke (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc ≥1 for men, ≥2 for women), and scheduled for a clinical appointment to discuss stroke prevention strategies. Participating clinicians were those who manage stroke prevention strategies for participating patients. Intervention Patients were randomized to use a patient decision aid or usual care; clinicians were randomized to use an encounter decision aid or usual care with all participating patients. Main outcome measures Primary outcome measures were quality of shared decision making measured by OPTION12, knowledge of atrial fibrillation and its management, and decisional conflict. Results 1117 participants across six sites were included in the analysis. Compared with usual care, the combined use of both the patient decision aid and the encounter decision aid improved the quality of shared decision making (adjusted mean difference 12.1 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0 to 16.2; P&lt;0.001), improved patients’ knowledge (odds ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.09; P&lt;0.001), and reduced patients’ decisional conflict (adjusted mean difference −6.3 (95% CI −9.6 to −3.1; P&lt;0.001). Statistically significant improvements were also observed with the encounter decision aid alone versus usual care for all three outcomes and with the patient decision aid alone versus usual care for quality of shared decision making and knowledge. No important differences were observed in treatment choices for stroke prevention or in participants’ satisfaction. No statistically significant difference in the length of visit across study groups was detected. Conclusion Patients who received any decision aid (encounter decision aid, patient decision aid, or both) had lower decisional conflict, better shared decision making, and greater knowledge than those receiving no decision aid, except for the effect of the patient decision aid on decisional conflict, which did not reach statistical significance. The study establishes that use of either pre-visit or in-visit decision aids individually or in combination is advantageous compared with usual care. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04357288 .