tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-engine with self-regulation to restore degenerated intervertebral disc cells via bioenergetic robust hydrogel design
Authors: Juehan Wang, Yulin Jiang, Ce Zhu, Zheng Liu, Lin Qi, Hong Ding, Jing Wang, Yong Huang, Yubao Li, Yueming Song, Ganjun Feng, Li Zhang, Limin Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Previous studies have confirmed that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is closely associated with inflammation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resultant cell mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decline. Clearance of ROS in an inflammatory environment is essential for breaking the vicious cycle of MMP decline. Additionally, re-energizing the mitochondria damaged in the inflammatory milieu to restore their function, is equally important. Herein, we proposed an interesting concept of mitochondrion-engine equipped with coolant, which enables first to "cool-down" the inflammatory environment, next to restore the MMP, finally to allow cells to regain normal energy metabolism through materials design. As such, we developed a multi-functional composite composed of a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive sodium alginate/gelatin hydrogel infused into a rigid 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) scaffold. The TPU scaffold was coated with conductive polypyrrole (PPy) to electrophoretically deposit l-arginine, which could upregulate the Mammalian target of rapamycin (
Corrigendum to “In situ delivery of a curcumin-loaded dynamic hydrogel for the treatment of chronic peripheral neuropathy” [Journal of Controlled Release, 357 (2023) 319–332]
Authors: Yunfan Kong, Wen Shi, Li Zheng, Dongze Zhang, Xiping Jiang, Bo Liu, Wen Xue, Mitchell Kuss, Yulong Li, Paul L. Sorgen, Bin Duan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Turning foes to friends: Advanced “in situ nanovaccine” with dual immunoregulation for enhanced immunotherapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Ze Wang, Tong Sha, Jinwei Li, Huanyu Luo, Annan Liu, Hao Liang, Jinbiao Qiang, Lei Li, Andrew K. Whittaker, Bai Yang, Hongchen Sun, Ce Shi, Quan Lin
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

As a "cold tumor", triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits limited responsiveness to current immunotherapy. How to enhance the immunogenicity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of TNBC remain a formidable challenge. Herein, an "in situ nanovaccine" Au/CuNDs-R848 was designed for imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) synergistic therapy to trigger dual immunoregulatory effects on TNBC. On the one hand, Au/CuNDs-R848 served as a promising photothermal agent and nanozyme, achieving PTT and photothermal-enhanced CDT against the primary tumor of TNBC. Meanwhile, the released antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitated the infiltration of T lymphocytes. Thus, Au/CuNDs-R848 played a role as an "in situ nanovaccine" to enhance the immunogenicity of TNBC by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). On the other hand, the nanovaccine suppressed the myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), thereby reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Through the dual immunoregulation, "cold tumor" was transformed into a "hot tumor", not only implementing a "turning foes to friends" therapeutic strategy but also enhancing immunotherapy against metastatic TNBC. Furthermore, Au/CuNDs-R848 acted as an excellent nanoprobe, enabling high-resolution near-infrared fluorescence and computed tomography imaging for precise visualization of TNBC. This feature offers potential applications in clinical cancer detection and surgical guidance. Collectively, this work provides an effective strategy for enhancing immune response and offers novel insights into the potential clinical applications for tumor immunotherapy.
Updates in Clinical Management of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Andrew H. Ko
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The mainstay of treatment for patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer is chemotherapy, but the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies heralds a new era in their care. Although actionable alterations are detected infrequently, routine molecular testing should be performed in all patients. The NCCN Guidelines provide the current evidence-based recommendations for maintenance therapy in the metastatic setting. For patients with resectable, borderline resectable, and locally advanced or unresectable tumors, critical questions remain regarding the role of radiation therapy.
Risk Stratification and Selection of Management Strategy for Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Alice Yu
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Localized prostate cancer presents a wide disease spectrum, ranging from indolent cases suitable for active surveillance to aggressive tumors requiring intensive multimodal treatment. Traditional risk stratification tools, such as the D’Amico risk categories and NCCN risk groups, have limitations because of their heterogeneity within each category. Incorporating novel risk stratification strategies, such as genomic classifiers and multimodal artificial intelligence assays, into clinical practice may help refine treatment decisions and optimize outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer. However, it is important to recognize the limitations of these tools and to use them judiciously in the appropriate clinical contexts.
Updates to the Management of Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Douglas B. Johnson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The systemic therapeutic landscape for cutaneous melanoma continues to evolve, with numerous diverse options currently available. Several clinical trials have resulted in approvals from the FDA and subsequent revisions to the NCCN Guidelines, which reflect the most up-to-date, evidence-based data relating to the evaluation and management of these malignant neoplasms. Combination checkpoint blockades, anti–PD-1 and anti–CTLA-4 monotherapies, and mutation-directed therapies are among the NCCN-recommended approaches across the neoadjuvant, first-line, and later-line settings. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy, a recent addition in the later-line setting, may mark a new era in the management of metastatic disease.
Updates to the Management of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Natalie S. Callander, Shaji K. Kumar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Patients with smoldering myeloma should undergo periodic risk assessment—if they are deemed at high risk for disease progression, clinical trials or lenalidomide with or without dexamethasone should be considered. The initial treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma should be based on the patient’s risk, fitness, and preferences. Induction with a quadruplet regimen, followed by autologous transplantation and maintenance therapy, remains the standard of care, especially for those with high-risk disease. For patients with standard-risk disease not undergoing immediate transplantation, triplet or quadruplet induction followed by maintenance is the standard. Appropriate treatment of relapsed disease depends on response to previous treatment, residual side effects, and comorbidities. T-cell–redirecting therapies and other novel agents have shown activity, even in heavily pretreated patients. Most patients will require multiple lines of therapy over the course of the disease.
New Targeted Therapies for Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gregory J. Riely
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Biomarker testing is essential for the management of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to identify specific actionable mutations and guide treatment decisions in EGFR -mutant disease and for the potential benefit of combining tyrosine kinase inhibitors with chemotherapy to improve progression-free survival. For instance, for patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions, the role of amivantamab, an EGFR-MET–bispecific antibody, is being explored in the first-line and second-line settings, in addition to the use of ROS1 inhibitors, such as repotrectinib, in the treatment of ROS1 -rearranged NSCLC. For patients with BRAF V600E mutations, combining BRAF and MEK inhibitors, such as dabrafenib and trametinib or encorafenib and binimetinib, has demonstrated efficacy. The potential of the antibody–drug conjugate fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki in treating HER2 -mutant NSCLC is under investigation. Finally, for patients with KRAS G12C mutations, sotorasib and adagrasib have been tested as second-line therapies, with ongoing trials evaluating their use in the first-line setting.
Updates in the Treatment of Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Thomas W. Flaig
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The past decade has seen a host of advancements in the management of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Although efforts to identify novel systemic therapies are still ongoing, immune checkpoint inhibitors have become the preferred treatment option in this patient population. Recommendations for optimal treatment strategies—based on a patient’s eligibility for cisplatin—have been outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for Bladder Cancer in both the first-line and subsequent-line settings.
Updates to Treatment of Recurrent Metastatic Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Cristina P. Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, has significantly improved overall survival in both the first- and second-line settings for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. In nasopharyngeal carcinomas, the combination of gemcitabine + cisplatin with PD-1 inhibitors has demonstrated impressive response rates and overall survival benefits. However, the unique immune-related adverse events associated with ICIs require patient counseling. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring novel combinations of ICIs with EGFR monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and therapeutic vaccines to further improve treatment outcomes. Biomarkers, such as circulating HPV-DNA and actionable molecular alterations (eg, HRAS mutations), may help guide treatment decisions and predict patient responses in the future.
Artificial Intelligence in Oncology
Authors: David Liebovitz, Randa M. Perkins, Irbaz Riaz, Peter D. Stetson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

A panel of experts in artificial intelligence (AI) and clinical informatics discussed the current applications and future potential of AI in oncology. The panelists shared insights into ongoing AI projects at their respective institutions, ranging from drug design and patient education to clinical decision support and administrative tasks. Key areas of focus included the use of AI for radiology and pathology, ambient listening during patient visits, and patient engagement through intelligent interfaces. The speakers also addressed the challenges of regulatory oversight, data quality, and the need for ethical and responsible AI design. The panel concluded that although AI has the potential to transform various aspects of oncology care, careful consideration must be given to patient preferences, clinical workflows, and validation of AI models in oncology-specific settings.
Cancer Risk Reduction Strategies for Transgender, Non-Binary, and Gender-Diverse People With Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
Authors: Julie S. Mak, Diego Rodriguez
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Approximately 24 million people in the United States identify as transgender, non-binary, or gender-diverse, and they often face challenges in accessing health care related to education, employment, and economic circumstances. In addition, their gender identity can create other hurdles to receiving appropriate health care, as well as gender dysphoria caused by procedures and preventive cancer screening that do not align with their current gender identity. It is important to consider hereditary risk and gender identity together. Clinicians should engage patients in creating a personalized plan (focusing on genetic risk; age-specific risk; sex assigned at birth and organs present at birth; gender identity; and gender-affirming surgeries and medications) and work with colleagues across medical disciplines to meet the health care needs of this fast-growing patient population.
Updates to the Management of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Endometrial cancer has moved from being a histologic diagnosis alone to one that also considers the molecular classification of the tumor. Molecular classification is not only feasible but highly recommended because it improves the diagnostic classification and provides prognostic information that may guide treatment. The NCCN Cervical/Uterine Cancers Guidelines recognize the novel approach proposed by FIGO, but has concerns about the 2023 FIGO staging system and therefore does not recommend its use by clinicians. Advances in systemic treatment, particularly the introduction of immunotherapy, has greatly improved outcomes in endometrial cancer, especially for patients with mismatch repair–deficient tumors.
Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Michael Serzan
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has served as the foundation of therapy for a majority of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). For patients with metastatic clear cell RCC, there are several immunotherapy-based combinations that have demonstrated robust long-term outcomes. Selection of the ideal combination for each individual patient requires nuanced strategies that are highlighted in NCCN Guidelines. More recently, data have emerged showing benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with variant histologies. Lastly, pembrolizumab has been approved in the adjuvant setting for patients with clear cell RCC who are at high risk of recurrence after nephrectomy.
Updates in the Management of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Rochelle Bagatell
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Treatment of children with neuroblastoma depends on accurate assessment of the risk of relapse. Factors used in risk stratification for patients with neuroblastoma include disease stage, MYCN amplification status, age, tumor histology, presence or absence of segmental chromosome aberrations, and tumor cell ploidy. The goal of treatment for patients with low-risk neuroblastoma is cure with minimal toxicity. However, for those with high-risk neuroblastoma, the treatment approach involves multiple therapeutic modalities, including multi-agent chemotherapy at conventional doses, surgery, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue, external-beam radiotherapy, a differentiating agent, and immunotherapy. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential for optimal care.
Updates to the Management of HR-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: William J. Gradishar
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Metastatic hormone receptor–positive, HER2-negative breast cancer treatment is increasingly individualized as more of the tumor landscape is described and targeted therapies are developed. CDK4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated consistency in prolonging progression-free survival across several clinical trials in advanced disease. Research in endocrine therapy highlighted the noninferiority of fulvestrant compared with aromatase inhibitors after disease progression. Studies such as the PEARL and Young-PEARL trials challenged the superiority of chemotherapy over endocrine therapy in certain populations, including premenopausal women. Sequential CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy after disease progression showed potential benefits, though definitive data are lacking. Targeting the PI3 kinase pathway, particularly with capivasertib in patients with pathway alterations, showed significant improvements in progression-free survival. ESR mutations have been identified as a key factor in resistance to endocrine therapy, with elacestrant showing promise in overcoming this challenge. Finally, in early-stage cancer, the question of whether ovarian suppression along with endocrine therapy can show the same results as chemotherapy is being explored, but the answer remains to be seen.
Management of MSI-H/dMMR Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Jaffer A. Ajani, Katrina S. Pedersen
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Microsatellite status should be assessed in all upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. If an upper GI cancer is microsatellite instable (MSI), clinicians should consider treatment with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) or a combination of ICIs instead of chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is also active in lower GI cancers, where treatment is driven by microsatellite status. For upper GI cancers, the benefit has mostly been shown in the neoadjuvant and metastatic settings. In colorectal cancer, most of the benefit has been established in metastatic disease, although the use of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings is an active area of research. In rectal cancer, a response benefit has been established for ICI as neoadjuvant therapy, although survival outcomes have not matured.
Updates in the Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Christopher G. Willett
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

A plethora of advancements in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer continue to be developed. Treatment strategies have primarily focused on modifying the current standard paradigm of rectal cancer management—including the complete omission of surgery or radiotherapy, or instead using immunotherapy as first-line treatment in eligible patients. Recommendations for optimal therapeutic strategies, based on a patient’s clinical stage, have been outlined in the NCCN Guidelines for Rectal Cancer.
Balancing Inpatient and Outpatient Oncology Care
Authors: Rachel McDevitt, John McLean, Mikaela Olsen, Beth Souza, Anna Halpern
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The trend of moving oncology care to the outpatient setting is driven by clinical and patient-centered aspects, financial benefits, and the lack of inpatient bed space. At the NCCN 2024 Annual Conference, a panel of experts discussed challenges and opportunities in providing high-quality outpatient oncology care, including resource allocation, leadership recognition, and involving all stakeholders in the decision-making process. Speakers also highlighted the difficulties in providing adequate outpatient cancer care, such as limited lodging options, adapting treatment for elderly patients, and managing infection risk. Strategies for improving patient satisfaction, reducing costs, and enhancing quality of care centered on proactive risk assessment, standardization of policies and procedures, and creative solutions such as curbside clinics.
Promising Practices to Reduce the Impact of Drug Shortages on Cancer Care
Authors: Christina Barrington, Rondeep Brar, Laura Bray, Stephen Colvill, Erin R. Fox, Lalan S. Wilfong, Clifford Goodman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

A recent NCCN discussion panel on oncology drug shortages in the United States illuminated the stark contrast between the nation’s health care expenditure and the challenge of ensuring drug availability for cancer treatment. Industry experts across health care disciplines discussed the root causes and consequences of drug shortages, shedding light on the significant impact these shortages have on patient care and health care operations. They also discussed broader systemic failures, such as the lack of manufacturing transparency and flawed supply chains. The conversation called for immediate action, including advocacy and improved drug distribution management, an emphasis on resilience, legislative measures to bolster supply chain robustness, and a complete systematic overhaul to guarantee consistent drug access for cancer care.
High-Risk Prevention Programs: Identifying Services for High-Risk Patients
Authors: Michael J. Hall
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Clinical genetics is an ever-changing field of medicine that has undergone significant advancements. Therefore, efforts to identify the critical components of a comprehensive cancer risk assessment are imperative. The combined approach of thorough information gathering, effective genetic counseling, and continued post-testing management has been adopted as a strategic approach to risk assessment.
Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Skin Cancers: NCCN Guidelines Updates Based on Risk Status
Authors: Jeremy Bordeaux
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

In the absence of universally accepted staging systems, the assessment of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas presents a formidable challenge. The NCCN Guidelines, which reflect the most up-to-date, evidence-based data relating to the evaluation and management of these nonmelanoma neoplasms, provide criteria for their risk stratification. Moreover, the current treatment algorithms discussed to aid in risk category–based clinical decision-making. Case reports demonstrate the practical application of the NCCN Guidelines and highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach.
Updates in the Management of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Apar Kishor Ganti
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The standard treatment for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is concurrent chemoradiation, with a small subset of patients that could potentially benefit from surgery. For extensive-stage SCLC, the current standard of care is chemoimmunotherapy with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor. The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation in SCLC is currently under debate, and is being investigated in the ongoing MAVERICK trial. Despite high initial response rates to chemoradiotherapy, relapse is common, and outcomes for these patients remain poor. However, recent advances in understanding the molecular biology of SCLC have led to the identification of potential new targets for treatment, including the combination of temozolomide with PARP inhibitors and DLL3-targeted bispecific T-cell engager therapy, both of which have shown activity in early studies.