tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Most Firearm Deaths in US Children Happen While They Play
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Characteristics of Erythema Nodosum and Associations With Chronicity and Recurrence
Authors: Jill T. Shah, William Mark Richardson, Avrom S. Caplan, Daniel R. Mazori, Alisa N. Femia
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This cohort study characterizes the presentation, causes, treatment, and disease course of erythema nodosum, as well as identifies associations with chronicity and recurrence.
Online Racial Discrimination, Suicidal Ideation, and Traumatic Stress in a National Sample of Black Adolescents
Authors: Brendesha M. Tynes, Ashley Maxie-Moreman, Tuyet-Mai Ha Hoang, Henry A. Willis, Devin English
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Because of increased suicide rates among Black youth in the past 2 decades, there is a dire need for research on suicidal ideation and risk factors in this population.
More Virulent Mpox Clade Can Be Sexually Associated, WHO and CDC Warn
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

An unprecedented mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2023 included the first documented cases of sexually transmitted mpox clade I—a more transmissible and severe version of the virus than mpox clade II, which was responsible for the global mpox epidemic that began in 2022.
“Alarming” Number of Patients Stop Taking Second-Line Diabetes Drugs
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Geographic Dialysis Facility Density and Early Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Vagish Hemmige, Priya Deshpande, Keith C. Norris, Jenny I. Shen, Kevin F. Erickson, Kirsten L. Johansen, Ladan Golestaneh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The decision of when to start maintenance hemodialysis may be affected by health system–level support for high-intensity care as manifested by area dialysis facility density. Yet an association between early hemodialysis initiation and higher area density of dialysis facilities has not been shown. Objective To examine whether there is an association between area dialysis facility density and earlier dialysis initiation. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional analysis was conducted of publicly reported claims and geographic-based population data collected in the Medical Evidence files of the US Renal Data System (USRDS), a comprehensive registry of all patients initiating hemodialysis in the US, from calendar years 2011 through 2019. Data were linked to the American Community Survey, using residential zip codes, and then to health service area (HSA) primary care and hospitalization benchmarks, using the Dartmouth Atlas crosswalk. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2021, to August 31, 2023. Exposure Dialysis facility density at the level of HSA (number of dialysis facilities per 100 000 HSA residents) split into 5 categories. Main Outcomes and Measures The odds of hemodialysis initiation at an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) greater than 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 vs less than or equal to 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Results Hemodialysis was initiated in a total of 844 466 individuals at 3397 HSAs at a mean (SD) eGFR of 8.9 (3.8) mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Their mean (SD) age was 63.5 (14.7) years, and 484 346 participants (57.4%) were men. In the HSA category with the highest facility density, individuals were younger (63.3 vs 65.2 years in least-dense HSAs), poorer (mean percent of households living in poverty, 10.4% vs 8.4%), and more commonly had a higher percentage of Black individuals (40.6% vs 11.3%). More individuals in the dialysis-dense HSAs than least-dense HSAs had diabetes (60.1% vs 58.5%) and fewer had access to predialysis nephrology care (60.8% vs 64.1%); the rates of heart failure and immobility varied, but not in a consistent pattern, by HSA dialysis density. The mean (SD) facility density was 4.1 (1.89) centers per 100 000 population in the most dialysis-dense HSAs. Compared with patients in HSAs with a mean of 1.0 per 100 000 population, the odds of hemodialysis initiation at eGFR greater than 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.03-1.11) for patients in the densest HSAs, and compared with HSAs with 0 facilities, the odds of early hemodialysis initiation were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.10) for patients in the densest HSAs. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of USRDS- and HSA-level data, HSA dialysis density was associated with early hemodialysis initiation.
Hormone Produced by Fetus Tied to Severe Vomiting During Pregnancy
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tool Could Help Counsel Patients With Liver Disease Who Drink Alcohol
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
First Large Study of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists During Pregnancy
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bundled Payments for Care Improvement and Quality of Care and Outcomes in Heart Failure
Authors: D. August Oddleifson, DaJuanicia N. Holmes, Brooke Alhanti, Xiao Xu, Paul A. Heidenreich, Rishi K. Wadhera, Larry A. Allen, Stephen J. Greene, Gregg C. Fonarow, Erica S. Spatz, Nihar R. Desai
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) program was launched in 2013 with a goal to improve care quality while lowering costs to Medicare.
Erythroderma in a Patient With Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Jia-Qi Chen, Wei Li, Sui-Qing Cai
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

A woman in her 30s with myasthenia gravis diagnosed at age 27 years presented to the emergency department with severe erythroderma over the past 2 months. What is your diagnosis?
High-Dose Flu Vaccine May Be More Effective for Midlife Adults
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Adults aged 65 years or older already get high-dose vaccines to protect against influenza. Now, observational data from more than 1.6 million people in the US suggests that a high-dose vaccine may also be more effective than standard-dose vaccines for adults aged 50 to 64 years.
Precision Medicine for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy—Are We There Yet?
Authors: Sadiya S. Khan, Sharlene M. Day
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Sickle Cell Disease Approvals Include First CRISPR Gene Editing Therapy
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently greenlit 2 cell-based gene treatments for sickle cell anemia, including the first therapy involving the genome editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPER-associated protein 9).
Adverse healthcare experiences are correlated with increased time to diagnosis in women with vulvar inflammatory dermatoses: a retrospective cohort survey
Authors: Sydney Rivera, Kylie Dehner, Anna Flood, Chandler Dykstra, Melissa M Mauskar, Andrea L DeMaria
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

This retrospective cohort survey of over 300 women examined diagnostic delay in vulvar dermatoses compared with nonvulvar control conditions (e.g. psoriasis or atopic dermatitis). Adverse healthcare experiences (e.g. uncertainty of which provider to consult, embarrassment in talking to providers) occurred more often for participants with vulvar disease and were significantly correlated with increased time to diagnosis in this group, which was not the case in control conditions. The findings suggest opportunities to improve care for people with vulvar disease.
Genetic Risk Factors for Early-Onset Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Noreen Mohsin, Devin Hunt, Jia Yan, Austin J. Jabbour, Paul Nghiem, Jaehyuk Choi, Yue Zhang, Alexandra F. Freeman, Jenna R. E. Bergerson, Stefania Dell’Orso, Kristina Lachance, Rima Kulikauskas, Loren Collado, Wenjia Cao, Justin Lack, Morgan Similuk, Bryce A. Seifert, Rajarshi Ghosh, Magdalena A. Walkiewicz, Isaac Brownell
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. Of the patients who develop MCC annually, only 4% are younger than 50 years.
Maternal Prenatal Infections and Biliary Atresia in Offspring
Authors: Wei-Hao Wang, Fang-Yu Chiu, Tzu-Tung Kuo, Yu-Hsuan Joni Shao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Investigations into the association of antepartum maternal infections with the pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) in human offspring are insufficient. Objective To examine the association between prenatal infections in mothers and the development of BA in their offspring. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based case-control study obtained administrative data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with linkage to the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, capturing demographic and medical information on nearly all 23 million of the Taiwan population. The cohort comprised 2 905 978 singleton live births among mother-infant dyads between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2020, in Taiwan. The case group of infants with BA was identified from use of International Classification of Diseases diagnostic codes for BA and subsequent Kasai procedure or liver transplant. The control group was randomly selected from infants without BA, representing approximately 1 in 1000 study population. Data analyses were performed from May 1 to October 31, 2023. Exposure Prenatal maternal infections, including intestinal infection, influenza, upper airway infection, pneumonia, soft-tissue infection, and genitourinary tract infection. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was exposure to prenatal maternal infections. Inverse probability weighting analysis was performed by building a logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the exposure observed for a particular infant and using the estimated probability as a weight in subsequent analyses. The weighted odds ratio (OR) estimated by logistic regressions was then used to assess the risk of BA in offspring after prenatal maternal infections. Results Among the mother-infant dyads included, 447 infants with BA were cases (232 females [51.9%]) and 2912 infants without BA were controls (1514 males [52.0%]). The mean (SD) maternal age at childbirth was 30.7 (4.9) years. Offspring exposed to prenatal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.05-1.41) in mothers exhibited a significantly higher risk of BA. Furthermore, maternal intestinal infection (weighted OR, 6.05; 95% CI, 3.80-9.63) and genitourinary tract infection (weighted OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.13-2.11) that occurred during the third trimester were associated with an increased risk of BA in offspring. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this case-control study indicate an association between prenatal intestinal infection and genitourinary tract infection in mothers and BA occurrence in their offspring. Further studies are warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms of this association.
Cost-Effectiveness of Adjuvant Olaparib for Patients With Breast Cancer and Germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> Mutations
Authors: Christina M. Zettler, Dilanka L. De Silva, Victoria S. Blinder, Mark E. Robson, Elena B. Elkin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The OlympiA trial found that 1 year of adjuvant olaparib therapy can improve distant disease-free survival and overall survival from early-stage breast cancer in patients with a germline BRCA1/2 mutation. However, olaparib, an oral poly-adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitor, is estimated to cost approximately $14 000 per month in the US. Objective To estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of adjuvant olaparib compared with no olaparib in eligible patients. Design, Setting, and Participants In an economic evaluation from a health care system perspective, the cost-effectiveness of adjuvant olaparib was analyzed using a Markov state-transition model. The model simulated costs and lifetime health outcomes of 42-year-old women with high-risk early-stage breast cancer and a known BRCA1/2 mutation who completed definitive primary therapy and neoadjuvant or adjuvant systemic therapy. The study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2023. The effectiveness of olaparib was based on the findings of the OlympiA randomized clinical trial, and other model parameters were identified from the literature. The model was calibrated to the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year distant disease-free and overall survival observed in the OlympiA trial, and olaparib was assumed to reduce the risk of distant recurrence only in the first 4 years. Exposure One year of adjuvant olaparib or no adjuvant olaparib. Main Outcome and Measure Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in 2021 US dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained. All outcomes were discounted by 3% annually. Results In the base case, adjuvant olaparib was associated with a 1.25-year increase in life expectancy and a 1.20-QALY increase at an incremental cost of $133 133 compared with no olaparib. The resulting ICER was approximately $111 000 per QALY gained. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150 000 per QALY, olaparib was cost-effective at its 2021 price and in more than 92% of simulations in probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The results were sensitive to assumptions about the effectiveness of olaparib and quality of life for patients with no disease recurrence. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, from a US health care system perspective, adjuvant olaparib was a cost-effective option for patients with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation.
Incidence of Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Danni Liang, Marie E. Wang, Alex Dahlen, Yungting Liao, Andrew C. Saunders, Eric R. Coon, Alan R. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

IMPORTANCE Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children, but the population incidence is largely unknown. Controversy surrounds the optimal diagnostic criteria and how to balance the risks of undertreatment and overtreatment. Changes in health care use during the COVID-19 pandemic created a natural experiment to examine health care use and UTI diagnosis and outcomes. OBJECTIVES To examine the population incidence of UTI in children and assess the changes of the COVID-19 pandemic regarding UTI diagnoses and measures of UTI severity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective observational cohort study used US commercial claims data from privately insured patients aged 0 to 17 years from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021. EXPOSURE Time periods included prepandemic (January 1, 2016, to February 29, 2020), early pandemic (April 1 to June 30, 2020), and midpandemic (July 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the incidence of UTI, defined as having a UTI diagnosis code with an accompanying antibiotic prescription. Balancing measures included measures of UTI severity, including hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions. Trends were evaluated using an interrupted time-series analysis. RESULTS The cohort included 13 221 117 enrollees aged 0 to 17 years, with males representing 6 744 250 (51.0%) of the population. The mean incidence of UTI diagnoses was 1.300 (95% CI, 1.296-1.304) UTIs per 100 patient-years. The UTI incidence was 0.86 per 100 patient-years at age 0 to 1 year, 1.58 per 100 patient-years at 2 to 5 years, 1.24 per 100 patient-years at 6 to 11 years, and 1.37 per 100 patient-years at 12 to 17 years, and was higher in females vs males (2.48 [95% CI, 2.46-2.50] vs 0.180 [95% CI, 0.178-0.182] per 100 patient-years). Compared with prepandemic trends, UTIs decreased in the early pandemic: −33.1% (95% CI, −39.4% to −26.1%) for all children and −52.1% (95% CI, −62.1% to −39.5%) in a subgroup of infants aged 60 days or younger. However, all measures of UTI severity decreased or were not significantly different. The UTI incidence returned to near prepandemic rates (−4.3%; 95% CI, −32.0% to 34.6% for all children) after the first 3 months of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, UTI diagnosis decreased during the early pandemic period without an increase in measures of disease severity, suggesting that reduced overdiagnosis and/or reduced misdiagnosis may be an explanatory factor.