tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P150: Chest Compression Depth is Influenced by Compression Rate and Gender
Authors: Mary Ann Peberdy, Annemarie Silver, Lisa Ferland, Phyllis Faulkenberry, Joseph Ornato
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Purpose: Quality of chest compressions (CC) is an important determinant of resuscitation outcome for cardiac arrest patients. The purpose of this study was to characterize the quality of CC performed by hospital personnel and to evaluate for predictors of CC performance. Methods: A total of 754 individuals (488 nurses, 178 other healthcare professionals, 36 nursing students, and 52 non-healthcare professionals) participated in a CPR quality improvement challenge at 31 U.S. hospitals. Participants performed 2 minutes of CC on a manikin with an accelerometer-based system for measuring both rate (CC/min, cpm) and depth (in) of CC using the AED Plus (ZOLL Medical). Real-time audiovisual feedback normally available on the AED was disabled. Results: The mean depth of compressions was below AHA minimum guidelines (&lt;1.5 in) for 34% of participants (1.30±0.14 in, n=255) and above maximum guidelines (&gt;2.0 in) for 12% of participants (2.20±0.22 in, n=93). CC depth related inversely to CC rate (r=−0.37, p&lt;0.0001), suggesting that excessive CC rate can contribute to insufficient CC depth. Male participants performed CC of greater depth compared with female participants [1.72±0.33 in (n=187) vs.1.60±0.31 (n=534), p&lt;0.0001]. There were no differences in CC depth between ACLS, BCLS, and non-CPR certified participants [1.64±0.33 in (n=392) vs. 1.63±0.31 (n=278) vs. 1.58±0.23 (n=34); p=0.6]. However, depth of CC was greater for non-healthcare professionals compared with healthcare professionals [1.74±0.33 in (n=52) vs. 1.63±0.32 (n=702)]. CC depth varied slightly with rescuer age [&lt;20yr= 1.82±0.27 in (n=8); 21–30 yr= 1.66±0.31 (n=177); 31–40 yr= 1.65±0.31 (n=204); 41–50 yr= 1.62±0.32 (n=196); 51–60yr= 1.54±0.29 (n=109); 61–70 yr= 1.63±0.47 (n=13), p=0.009]. Multivariate linear regression revealed that CC rate (r part =−0.37, p&lt;0.001) and gender (r part = 0.15, p=0.001) were predictors of CC depth. Conclusions: Many hospital personnel do not perform CC within AHA guideline recommendations for depth. Depth of CC may be compromised when rescuers provide CC of excessive rate. Males provide CC of greater depth compared with females.
Abstract 15885: Acceptability of Urine Collections and Food Records for Dietary Sodium Intake Assessment in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: JoAnne Arcand, Katherine Steckham, Johane P Allard, Gary E Newton
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: We recently showed that food records (FR), compared to the conventional gold standard 24-hour urine collections (UC), provide a better estimate of sodium intake in heart failure (HF) ...
A phase I study of the infectivity enhanced CRAd Ad5-Δ24RGD for recurrent gynecologic cancer.
Authors: D. T. Curiel, M. Preuss, M. Wang, K. J. Kimball, M. N. Barnes, W. Wan, G. Siegal, R. Harris, R. Aurigemma, R. D. Alvarez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

5107 Background: This report will focus on the translational studies completed in a phase I trial evaluating the MTD, toxicities, potential clinical activity, and biological effects of the infectivity enhanced tropism modified CRAd, Ad5-Δ24RGD, administered IP to patients with recurrent ovarian and other select gynecologic cancers. Methods: Cohorts of eligible patients were treated with Ad5-Δ24RGD daily × 3 via an IP catheter. Vector doses ranged from 1x10e9 viral particles/day (vp/D) to a maximum dose of 1x10e12 vp/D. Toxicity was evaluated utilizing CTC v3.0. CA-125 and RECIST criteria were utilized to determine clinical efficacy. Corollary biologic studies included assessment of CRAd replication, generation of wild type virus, viral shedding, and neutralizing antibody response. Results: Twenty-one patients were treated in 7 dose cohorts. No vector related G3/4 toxicities were noted and the MTD was not identified. Of the 19 patients with measurable disease, 14 had stable disease and 5 had progressive disease using RECIST criteria. Seven of 20 evaluable patients had a decrease in CA125; four had a > 20% drop in CA125 values. RGD-specific-PCR demonstrated the presence of study vector in ascites samples in 16 of 21 patients after treatment. Seven revealed a significant increase in virus after day 3, suggesting possible replication of Ad5-Δ24-RGD virus. Only one patient with clinical evidence of a viral URI was noted to have an ascites specimen with wild type virus generation > 100 copies/ng of DNA tested. Viral shedding studies demonstrated the presence of RGD specific DNA in the serum, saliva, and urine of 15, 14, and 10 patients, respectively. Shedding in the saliva and urine occurred only in cohorts treated with ≥ 5×1010 vp/D. An anti-adenoviral neutralizing antibody effect was noted in all patients. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate an infectivity enhanced CRAd in the context of human cancer. IP administration of Ad5-Δ24RGD was well tolerated and there was a suggestion of potential clinical activity. Ancillary studies demonstrated potential Ad5-Δ24RGD replication. Viral shedding and antibody response is comparable to that noted with prior unmodified adenoviral based virotherapy approaches. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Vectorlogics, Inc. Vectorlogics, Inc.
Abstract 708: Age and Gender Specific Changes in Tissue Doppler Derived Diastolic Index: A Doppler Echocardiographic Study in Healthy Individuals and Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Yuko Takada, Azusa Yamabe, Iku Toda, Minoru Yoshiyama, Junichi Yoshikawa, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Although left ventricular diastolic function has been shown to deteriorate with advancing age, its gender specific change is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate age and gender specific changes in tissue Doppler derived left ventrisular diastolic index. A total of 1,333 healthy individual without known heart disease (mean age 55 years, range 10–89) and 138 patients with hypertension (mean 65 years, range 50–89) were enrolled and studied. Using Doppler echocardiography, peak early mitral annular velocity (E′) was recorded and measured from apical 4 chamber view. E′ value was compared between male and female in each age group. (Figure ) Among those aged between 10–19, E′ was similar between male and female. E′ progressively decline with advancing age in both gender, but more so in male than in female until age 50. In subjects with age 50–59 years (mean 55 years), E′ become identical in male and female. After 50 years, E′ decline more so in female than in male. Similarly, E′ was significantly lower in elderly women among hypertensive population. Age-related changes in diastolic indices were gender specific. In the elderly population diastolic function deteliorate more significantly in female gender than in male. These results may explaine the relatively higher incidence in elderly female among patients with diastolic heart failure and higher cardiovascular mortality in female gender.
Abstract 15012: Role of Titin Gene Variants in Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rene L Begay, Sharon L Graw, Gianfranco Sinagra, Marco Merlo, Dobromir Slavov, Giulia Barbati, Andrea Di Lenarda, Xiao Zhu, Luisa Mestroni, Matthew Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The Titin gene (TTN) is the second largest human gene and encodes the largest known human protein, titin, that plays a central role in sarcomere organization. Because of its large size, mutations in TTN have been difficult to study. Recent data have shown that truncation mutations in TTN can lead to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. Titan’s large size means that almost all individuals carry missense TTN variants, the majority of which are presumably benign, and this raises challenges in the evaluation of TTN in patients with overt dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods: Our group sequenced 313 exons covering the N2B and N2BA cardiac isoforms of TTN in 135 subjects with dilated cardiomyopathy. ‘Severe’ missense variants were identified by bioinformatic filtering based on SIFT score, GERP, Polyphen2 HDVAR, low frequency in the 1000 Genome Project, and NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project. Results and Conclusions: Ultimately, 45 TTN ‘severe’ missense variants were noted in 38 probands. We were able to demon...
Abstract 2655: Correlates Of Aortic Valve Calcification In Aortic Stenosis: Insights From The Astronomer Study
Authors: Kwan Chan, James Tam, Randall Sochowski, Jean Dumesnil, Peter Giannoccaro, John Jue, Shekhar Pandey, Cam Joyner, Koon Teo
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aortic valve calcification (AVC), a common finding in aortic stenosis (AS), is a predictor of rapid AS progression and increased risk of cardiac events. We evaluated clinical, echocardiographic and biochemical correlates of AVC to gain insight into pathogenesis and to identify potential targets for intervention. Methods: The ASTRONOMER study (Aortic Stenosis Progression Observation: Measuring Effects of Rosuvastatin) is a randomized trial to assess cholesterol lowering using rosuvastatin on AS progression in mild to moderate AS. Patients with indication for cholesterol lowering were excluded. Severity of AVC was classified as none, mild, moderate and severe according to published criteria. Results: 272 patients (167 men, 105 women; mean age 58.1±13.6 years) have been enrolled with peak and mean AV gradients 41±11 and 23±8 mmHg respectively. Patients with none or mild AVC were compared with patients with moderate or severe AVC (Table ). ACE-I= angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, BAV=bicuspid aortic valve, BP=blood pressure, HDL-C=high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C= low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MAC=mitral annular calcification. Regression analysis showed that AVC was associated with age (p&lt;0.001), male sex (p=0.01), systolic BP (p=0.002), LDL-C (p=0.05), MAC (p=0.01) and tricuspid AV (p=0.001). With adjustment for age, correlates of AVC were male sex with odds ratio (OD) 2.04, p&lt;0.01, systolic BP (OD=1.02, p=0.096), and LDL-C (OD 1.44, p=0.077). Conclusions: In patients with AS, age and male sex are the main correlates of AVC. After adjusting for age, AVC is not associated with AV morphology but appears to be related to male sex, BP and LDL-C. Thus BP and LDL-C are promising modifiable targets to prevent AVC which in turn should reduce AS progression.
Abstract 4378: Apoptosis in Heart Failure Predominantly Involves Non-Myocytes
Authors: Misun Park, You-Tang Shen, Luke F Fritzky, Bin Tian, Christophe Depre, Lin Yan, Vinciane Gaussin, Richard N Kitsis, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Apoptosis has been considered a cardinal sign of heart failure (HF) and a major factor in its pathogenesis. If the loss of myocytes contributes to the development of HF, it is assumed that the apoptosis occurs in cardiomyocytes, which reside in otherwise viable tissue in myocardium adjacent and remote to the infarct. We tested this hypothesis in a non-human primate model of chronic HF induced by rapid pacing, 2–3 months following myocardial infarction (MI). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction decreased in MI (from 75±6.2 to 56±5.2%, p&lt;0.05) and further, p&lt;0.05, in HF (27.8±2.8%). Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and by caspase-3 cleavage. As expected, apoptosis increased in MI, p&lt;0.05, and further, p&lt;0.05, when HF developed, and was greater in adjacent than remote myocardium (Table 1 ). In order to discriminate apoptosis in non-myocytes and myocytes, the myocardium was stained with cleaved caspase-3, and counterstained with rhodamine-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or with troponin-I, a cardiac muscle marker. The ventricular myocytes were stained by WGA at the outer membrane and across in a striated pattern as associated with the T tubule network. Surprisingly, the majority of apoptotic cells in MI and MI+HF and in both adjacent and remote areas were non-myocytes (Table 1 ). For characterization of types of non-myocytes, serial tissue sections were immunostained with antibodies recognizing macrophages (HAM56), neutrophils (elastase NP57), and endothelial cells (CD31). Macrophages were the cell type contributing the largest fraction of apoptotic non-myocytes (47%). In conclusion, HF does induce apoptosis in the heart, but it occurs predominantly in non-myocytes, suggesting that the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of HF may not simply be due to simple loss of myocyte contractile elements. Table 1
Management recommendations for women at increased familial risk for breast cancer: Results of a prospective national multimodality cohort study
Authors: C. K. Kuhl, S. Schrading, S. Weigelt, B. Arand, D. Nordhoff, R. Koenig, M. Reiser, H. Schild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

1500 Background: Current national guidelines recommend mammography (Mx), with or without ultrasound (US), and annual MRI, starting at age 30 or younger, for screening women at increased familial risk. We investigated the respective contribution of the different imaging modalities (Mx, US, and MRI, alone or in different combination) for early diagnosis of familial breast cancer. Aim was to further refine the existing screening recommendations. Methods: A prospective national multicenter cohort study recruited 687 asymptomatic women at genetically increased risk (calculated lifetime risk > 20% and/or mutation carriers), aged 25–70 (mean age 44.6). Women underwent a total 1,679 annual screening rounds consisting of film or digital Mx, US, and MRI, read independently and in different combinations. Results: 27 breast cancers were diagnosed (average incidence 16.1/1,000); mean age: 43.1. Two of the 27 cancers (one DCIS, one MIC in women aged 48 and 52) were diagnosed only by Mx; none was diagnosed only by US, and 14/27 (52%) were only diagnosed by MRI. Sensitivity of Mx alone (9/27, 33%) was significantly lower than that achieved by the combined use of US and Mx (13/27; 48%). The sensitivity achieved by MRI alone (25/27; 93%) was still significantly higher. It was not significantly increased by the added use of Mx (Mx plus MRI: 27/27, 100%) and did not change with the added use of US (US plus MRI: 25/27; 93%). Average PPV was 39% for Mx, 36% for US and 48% for MRI. Conclusions: For surveillance of women at increased risk, all guidelines recommend annual Mx starting at age 30 - in spite of the fact that mammographic screening has only been established for women over 40. Indeed, in young women below 40, not only the use of screening MRI, but also that of screening Mx should have to be considered experimental. On medical grounds, the diagnostic advantage required to justify Mx in young women should even be larger than that required for using MRI, because Mx has the penalty of ionizing radiation. Yet in fact, MRI offers a significantly higher sensitivity, and neither the added use of Mx nor that of US contributes to a significant increase of sensitivity. Hence we propose a critical reappraisal of the use of screening Mx in young high-risk women undergoing annual MRI. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Polyps at CT Colonography
Authors: RJT Sadleir, PF Whelan, N Sezille, TA Chowdhury, A Moss, J Bruzzi, H Fenlon, P MacMathuna
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

colonography (CTC) research. We blindly evaluated two techniques for automated polyp detection using common test data.
Abstract 5601: Statin-Use and Increase of Adiponectin Enhance the Stabilization and Regression of Coronary Arterial Plaques Characterized by Low- and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterols
Authors: Shinobu Kojima, Sunao Kojima, Yasuhiro Nagayoshi, Koichi Kaikita, Hitoshi Sumida, Seigo Sugiyama, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or promotion of the biologic activity of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) have a dramatic impact on atheroma burden. We assessed the hypothesis that lipoprotein cholesterol levels played major roles in the development of coronary plaque characterization. Preintervention intravascular ultrasound-Virtual Histology (IVUS-VH), using a continuous pullback (0.5 mm/s) was performed prospectively in 92 coronary vessels in consecutive 92 patients with coronary artery disease. The morphological distribution of plaque was evaluated up to a total length of 60 mm per coronary vessel. The levels of LDL-C were positively correlated with % necrotic core (NC) tissue (r=0.31, P=0.003). Whereas, HDL-C levels were negatively correlated with plaque volume (r=−0.30, P=0.003). These relations were closely observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) compared with those with stable angina pectoris. Based on a receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cutoff LDL-C levels on % NC tissue and HDL-C levels on plaque volume were plotted regarding ACS patients (Figure ). In multiple regression analyses, % NC tissue and plaque volume were associated with statin-use and adiponectin levels, respectively (Table ). IVUS-VH may help to explain missing link between lipids and coronary plaque characterization. Statin-use and increase of adiponectin have a huge potential for stabilization and regression of coronary arterial plaques. The levels of LDL-C ≤ 70 mg/dL and HDL-C ≥60 mg/dL are recommended and may contribute to the development of preventive strategies of ACS.
Abstract 11343: Aortic Valve Opening Predicts Thrombotic Events during Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device (CF-LVAD) Support
Authors: Omar Saeed, Jigar Patel, Argelis Rivera, Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Daniel J Goldstein, Simon Maybaum, Snehal R Patel
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Managing CF-LVADs to promote intermittent Aortic Valve Opening (AVO) has been proposed to limit adverse events; however, the safety of this strategy has not been investigated. We explor...
Vaccination Coverage Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2015–16 School Year
Authors: Ranee Seither, Kayla Calhoun, Jenelle Mellerson, Cynthia L. Knighton, Erica Street, Vance Dietz, J. Michael Underwood
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

State-mandated vaccination requirements for school entry protect children and communities against vaccine-preventable diseases (1). Each school year, federally funded immunization programs (e.g., states, territories, jurisdictions) collect and report kindergarten vaccination data to CDC. This report describes vaccination coverage estimates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC), and the estimated number of kindergartners with at least one vaccine exemption in 47 states and DC, during the 2015-16 school year. Median vaccination coverage* was 94.6% for 2 doses of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR); 94.2% for diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); and 94.3% for 2 doses of varicella vaccine. MMR coverage increased in 32 states during the last year, and 22 states reported coverage ≥95% (2). A total of 45 states and DC had either a grace period allowing students to attend school before providing documentation of vaccination or provisional enrollment that allows undervaccinated students to attend school while completing a catch-up schedule. Among the 23 states that were able to voluntarily report state-level data on grace period or provisional enrollment to CDC, a median of 2.0% of kindergartners were not documented as completely vaccinated and were attending school within a grace period or were provisionally enrolled. The median percentage of kindergartners with an exemption from one or more vaccinations† was 1.9%. State and local immunization programs, in cooperation with schools, can improve vaccination coverage by ensuring that all kindergartners are vaccinated during the grace period or provisional enrollment.
Case-control study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: P Sachdev, C Mason, D Hadzi-Pavlovic
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The authors performed a case-control study of neuroleptic malignant syndrome to identify potential risk factors.Twenty-five patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome were matched with 50 comparison subjects on age, sex, primary psychiatric diagnosis, and time of admission to the hospital. The records of all subjects were reviewed independently by two researchers for information on postulated risk factors. Exploratory direct comparisons of the two groups were followed by a conditional logistic regression analysis.Patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome were more likely to be agitated or dehydrated before the development of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, often needed restraint or seclusion, and received larger doses of neuroleptics soon after hospitalization. Previous treatment with ECT increased vulnerability.The prevalence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome may be reduced by avoiding large doses of neuroleptics over short periods in the management of acute psychosis and by paying adequate attention to the patient's hydration and electrolyte status.
Abstract 10254: Continuous Monitoring of Regional Function by a Miniaturized Ultrasound Sensor Allows Early Quantification of Low Grade Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Stefan Hyler, Soeren E Pischke, Per S Halvorsen, Andreas Espinoza, Jacob Bergsland, Tor I Tonnessen, Erik Fosse, Helge Skulstad
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Ischemia is a leading cause of decreased ventricular function during and after heart surgery. Continuous, sensitive methods for early detection are therefore crucial. We hypothesized that low grade...
Abstract MP18: Examination of Genetic Associations with Individual Lipoprotein Subfraction Measures, Aggregated Across Multiple SNPs, in Four Ethnic Groups within the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Alexis C Frazier-Wood
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: A large GWAS conducted in individuals of European descent identified several genetic markers (SNPs), subsequently validated as being associated with fasting lipoprotein measures (Chasman et al, 2009, PloS Genetics ). We examined the reported associations separately in the Caucasian- African-, Hispanic- and Chinese- American MESA participants. Hypothesis: Genetic variants associated with lipoproteins in Caucasians will not be associated across all ethnic groups. Methods: Lipoproteins were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4406 individuals after exclusions for lipid lowering medications and diabetes. 52 SNPs were genotyped using the Affymetrix 6.0 array or imputed using HapMap. SNPs were excluded for significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium expectations (P &lt; 1*10 -5 ), imputation quality &lt; 0.5, or minor allele frequency &lt; 0.01. 112 SNP-phenotype associations were conducted using linear models, with SNP as the predictor, and age, sex, data collection site, smoking status, and ancestry-specific principal components of ancestry as covariates. As SNPs associated with each trait were located on different chromosomes, we assumed independence and Fisher’s test was used to combine P-values for each trait, to trait-specific aggregate Q-values (corrected using false discovery rate, Table 1). Results: Association (Q&lt;.01) or suggestive association (.01&lt;Q&lt;.05) was seen for all but one of the 17 traits in the Caucasian group. In Hispanic-Americans, 14/17 of these traits showed association, or suggestively so. There were no associations in the African-American and Chinese-American groups. Conclusions: Aggregate P-values within a trait suggest that overall, different SNPs associate with lipoprotein measures in different ethnicities. Due to the limitations of ethnicity-specific sample size and allele frequencies, we are currently employing weights in a formal test for empirical differences in strength of association between the ethnicities.