tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thiazide Dose, Urine Calcium, and Symptomatic Kidney Stone Events
Authors: Ryan S. Hsi, Phyllis L. Yan, Naim M. Maalouf, Sara L. Best, John R. Asplin, Vahakn Shahinian, John M. Hollingsworth
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study examines the association between thiazide dose and urine calcium reduction and correlates urine calcium changes with the occurrence of symptomatic kidney stone events.
Consensus palliative care referral criteria for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Jennifer Philip, Yuchieh Kathryn Chang, Anna Collins, Natasha Smallwood, Donald Richard Sullivan, Barbara P Yawn, Richard Mularski, Magnus Ekström, Ian A Yang, Christine F McDonald, Masanori Mori, Pedro Perez-Cruz, David M G Halpin, Shao-Yi Cheng, David Hui
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Objective People with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have substantial palliative care needs, but uncertainty exists around appropriate identification of patients for palliative care referral. We conducted a Delphi study of international experts to identify consensus referral criteria for specialist outpatient palliative care for people with COPD. Methods Clinicians in the fields of respiratory medicine, palliative and primary care from five continents with expertise in respiratory medicine and palliative care rated 81 criteria over three Delphi rounds. Consensus was defined a priori as ≥70% agreement. A criterion was considered ‘major’ if experts endorsed meeting that criterion alone justified palliative care referral. Results Response rates from the 57 panellists were 86% (49), 84% (48) and 91% (52) over first, second and third rounds, respectively. Panellists reached consensus on 17 major criteria for specialist outpatient palliative care referral, categorised under: (1) ‘Health service use and need for advanced respiratory therapies’ (six criteria, eg, need for home non-invasive ventilation); (2) ‘Presence of symptoms, psychosocial and decision-making needs’ (eight criteria, eg, severe (7–10 on a 10 point scale) chronic breathlessness); and (3) ‘Prognostic estimate and performance status’ (three criteria, eg, physician-estimated life expectancy of 6 months or less). Conclusions International experts evaluated 81 potential referral criteria, reaching consensus on 17 major criteria for referral to specialist outpatient palliative care for people with COPD. Evaluation of the feasibility of these criteria in practice is required to improve standardised palliative care delivery for people with COPD.
Inclusion of American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Patients in Clinical Trial Travel Time
Authors: Megan Y. Gimmen, Alec J. Calac, Kekoa Taparra
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Mitochondrial 'Birth-Death' Coordinator: An Intelligent Hydrogen Nanogenerator to Enhance Intervertebral Disc Regeneration
Authors: Yucheng Ji, Yuwei Hu, Yubo Feng, Lei Liu, Zhanyi Chen, Hongxing Shen, Yingchao Han, He Xu, Lifeng Lao
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Inclusion of American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Patients in Clinical Trial Travel Time—Reply
Authors: Hassal Lee, Neal A. Palafox, Tobias Janowitz
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Napabucasin deactivates STAT3 and promotes mitoxantrone-mediated cGAS-STING activation for hepatocellular carcinoma chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Lingzhi Wang, Shengnan Bi, Zhuo Li, Anqi Liao, Yutong Li, Leilei Yang, Xinyi Zhou, Yuqiong Gao, Xiaobo Liu, Yifang Zou, Xuemei Zhang, Jia Shi, Shihan Yu, Zhuo Yu, Jianfeng Guo
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Preventive Pharmacologic Therapy for Kidney Stone Disease
Authors: Wilson Sui, Kevin Shee, Marshall Stoller
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Ryan S. Hsi, MD; Phyllis L. Yan, MS; Naim M. Maalouf, MD; Sara L. Best, MD; John R. Asplin, MD; Vahakn Shahinian, MD, MS; John M. Hollingsworth, MD, MS
The 2016 Severe Floods and Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Haoqiang Ji, Ke Li, Meng Shang, Zhenxu Wang, Qiyong Liu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a neglected zoonotic disease, has received only short-term attention in postflood prevention and control initiatives, possibly because of a lack of evidence regarding the long-term association of flooding with HFRS. Objectives To quantify the association between severe floods and long-term incidence of HFRS in the Yangtze River basin and to examine the modifying role of geographical factors in this association. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study collected data on HFRS cases between July 1, 2013, and June 30, 2019, from 58 cities in 4 provinces (Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi) in the Yangtze River basin of China, with a breakpoint of flooding in July 2016, generating monthly data. The 3 years after July 2016 were defined as the postflood period, while the 3 years before the breakpoint were defined as the control period. Statistical analysis was performed from October to December 2023. Exposures City-level monthly flooding, elevation, ruggedness index, and closest distance from each city to the Yangtze River and its tributaries. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the number of city-level monthly HFRS cases and the number of type 1 (spring or summer) and type 2 (autumn or winter) HFRS cases. Results A total of 11 745 patients with HFRS were reported during the study period: 5216 patients (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [16.2] years; 3737 men [71.6%]) in the control period and 6529 patients (mean [SD] age, 49.8 [15.8] years; 4672 men [71.6%]) in the postflood period. The pooled effects of interrupted time series analysis indicated a long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence (odds ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.13-1.68), with type 1 cases being at highest risk (odds ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.40-2.09). The metaregression results indicated that elevation and ruggedness index were negatively associated with the risk of HFRS, while the distance to rivers interacted with these associations. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study of the long-term association between flooding and HFRS incidence, as well as the modification effects of geographical factors, suggests that severe floods were associated with an increased risk of HFRS within 3 years. This study provides evidence for the development of HFRS prevention and control strategies after floods.
Longitudinal Changes in Emergency Medical Services Advanced Airway Management
Authors: Henry E. Wang, Mengda Ivy Yu, Remle P. Crowe, Michelle M. J. Nassal, Christopher Gage, J. Madison Hyer, Jonathan Powell, Alexander Ulintz, Travis Sharkey-Toppen, Lai Wei, Kim Moeller, Ashish R. Panchal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Identifying longitudinal changes in advanced airway management by emergency medical services (EMS) is crucial for understanding practice patterns and optimizing care. Objective To examine the longitudinal trends in endotracheal intubation (ETI) and supraglottic airway (SGA) utilization in a national EMS cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2011 to 2022 data from the ESO Data Collaborative, a national database of US prehospital electronic health records. The study included all 911 EMS events in which advanced airway management was attempted. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to January 2024. Exposures Advanced airway management attempts, including ETI, SGA, and surgical airways. Main Outcomes and Measures The annual percentage of ETI and SGA attempts, stratified by underlying condition (cardiac arrest, nonarrest medical, nonarrest trauma, pediatrics). Results Among 47.5 million EMS activations, 444 041 (mean [SD] age, 60.6 [19.8] years; 273 296 [61.5%] men) involved advanced airway management, including 305 584 (68.8%) that used ETI and 200 437 (45.1%) that used SGA. The overall incidence was 9.3 per 1000 EMS events. In the cardiac arrest cohort from 2011 to 2022, EMS events with ETI attempts decreased from 2470 of 2831 (87.3%) to 40 083 of 72 793 (55.1%) and those with SGA attempts increased from 711 of 2831 (25.1%) to 44 386 of 72 793 (61.0%). In the pediatric subset, there were similarly large decreases in ETI attempts, from 117 of 182 EMS events (97.3%) to 1573 of 2307 EMS events (68.2%), and increases in SGA attempts, from 11 of 182 EMS events (6.6%) to 1058 of 2307 EMS events (45.9%). In the nonarrest medical and nonarrest trauma cohorts, ETI attempts decreased and SGA attempts increased but to a much lower extent. Conclusions and Relevance In this national cross-sectional study of EMS care episodes, there were marked shifts in advanced airway management practices, with the increased use of SGA and decreased use of ETI. These observations highlight current trends in EMS airway management practices.
Antitrans Policy Environment and Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Transgender and Nonbinary Adults
Authors: Arjee Restar, Eric K. Layland, Landon Hughes, Emerson Dusic, Ruby Lucas, Audren J. K. Bambilla, Aleks Martin, Alic Shook, Baer Karrington, Deborah Schwarz, Genya Shimkin, Vanessa Grandberry, Xero Xanadu, Carl G. Streed, Don Operario, Kristi E. Gamarel, Trace Kershaw
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance With the increasing legislation restricting health care access for transgender and nonbinary (trans) populations in recent years, there has been limited research on how awareness of and concerns about legislative restrictions and protections influence mental health outcomes. Objective To examine whether awareness of and concerns about the current policy environment regarding trans individuals are associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among trans adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This study uses cross-sectional data collected between March and April 2023 from the Washington Priority Assessment in Trans Health (PATH) Project, an online study designed by, with, and for trans communities. All participants were trans adults, aged 18 years or older, living in Washington state. Exposure Awareness and concerns about the antitrans policy environment. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were depression and anxiety symptoms, assessed via the Patient Health Questionnaire–4. A series of multivariable regression models was used to assess the association between awareness and concerns about the antitrans policy environment and depression and anxiety symptoms. Models were adjusted for covariates, including demographics, social marginalization, and health care experiences. Results A total of 797 participants (653 women [81.93%]; 455 aged 18-29 years [57.09%]) were included. The majority screened positive for current depression (689 individuals [86.45%]) and anxiety (686 individuals [86.07%]) symptoms. Trans individuals who were concerned or worried about their rights being taken away (vs not) had significantly higher odds of current depression symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.54), as well as current anxiety symptoms (aOR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.63-4.36). Those who knew (vs did not know) about state-level protective legislation had significantly lower odds of current depression symptoms (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28-0.67), as well as current anxiety symptoms (aOR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04-0.25). When examining interaction effect estimates, trans individuals who correctly knew about the protective policies and were not worried about having their rights taken away reported the lowest odds of depression and anxiety. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study are consistent with research elucidating the negative mental health consequences of policies limiting health care access and provide insights into informing policies and interventions that target trans populations’ worsened mental health outcomes as a result of antitrans legislation.
Olaparib Without Androgen Deprivation for High-Risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer Following Prostatectomy
Authors: Catherine H. Marshall, Benjamin A. Teply, Jiayun Lu, Lia Oliveira, Hao Wang, Shifeng S. Mao, W. Kevin Kelly, Channing J. Paller, Mark C. Markowski, Samuel R. Denmeade, Serina King, Rana Sullivan, Elai Davicioni, James A. Proudfoot, Mario A. Eisenberger, Michael A. Carducci, Tamara L. Lotan, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Olaparib is a poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerase inhibitor that provides benefit in combination with hormonal therapies in patients with metastatic prostate cancer who harbor homologous recombination repair (HRR) alterations. Its efficacy in the absence of androgen deprivation therapy has not been tested. Objective To determine the activity of olaparib monotherapy among patients with high-risk biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 2, single-arm nonrandomized controlled trial enrolled genetically unselected patients across 4 sites in the US from May 2017 to November 2022. Eligible patients had BCR disease following radical prostatectomy, a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) doubling time of 6 months or shorter, an absolute PSA value of 1.0 ng/mL or higher, and a testosterone level of 150 ng/dL or higher. Intervention Treatment was with olaparib, 300 mg, by mouth twice daily until doubling of the baseline PSA, clinical or radiographic progression, or unacceptable toxic effects. Main Outcome and Measure The primary end point was a confirmed 50% or higher decline in PSA from baseline (PSA50). Key secondary end points were outcomes by HRR alteration status, as well as safety and tolerability. Results Of the 51 male patients enrolled (mean [SD] age, 63.8 [6.8] years), 13 participants (26%) had a PSA50 response, all within the HRR-positive group (13 of 27 participants [48%]). All 11 participants with BRCA2 alterations experienced a PSA50 response. Common adverse events were fatigue in 32 participants (63%), nausea in 28 (55%), and leukopenia in 22 (43%), and were consistent with known adverse effects of olaparib. Conclusions and Relevance In this nonrandomized controlled trial, olaparib monotherapy led to high and durable PSA50 response rates in patients with BRCA2 alterations. Olaparib warrants further study as a treatment strategy for some patients with BCR prostate cancer but does not have sufficient activity in those without HRR alterations and should not be considered for those patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03047135
Disparities in Exposure to Tobacco on Television or Streaming Platforms
Authors: Henry K. Onyeaka, Onyema G. Chido-Amajuoyi, Itunu Sokale, Kobi V. Ajayi, A Eden Evins, Hermioni L. Amonoo, Sanjay Shete
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance With the rise in popularity of streaming platforms concerns about exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion have emerged. While tobacco marketing and promotion through traditional television (TV) media channels has been extensively studied, less is known about exposure to tobacco through TV or streaming platforms and its associated factors. Objective To examine the prevalence and factors associated with exposure to tobacco products advertised, marketed, or promoted on TV or streaming platforms among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used data from the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6), conducted from March 7 to November 8, 2022. The nationally representative survey included noninstitutionalized civilian US adults. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was self-reported exposure to tobacco advertisements, marketing, or promotion on TV or streaming platforms in the past 3 months. Factors associated with exposure were explored using multivariable survey logistic regression. Results The study included 5775 participants (3415 females [weighted percentage, 50.5%], 970 Hispanic individuals [weighted percentage, 16.9%], 872 non-Hispanic Black or African American individuals [11.1%], 3144 non-White individuals [61.5%], and 632 individuals who currently smoke [12.0%]). The estimated exposure to tobacco advertisements, marketing, or promotion on television or streaming platforms was 12.4% (95% CI, 10.8%-14.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure odds were higher among those who had a level of education of high school or less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08-2.37), individuals who currently smoke (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06-3.25), non-Hispanic Black or African American respondents (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.40-3.45) and Hispanic respondents (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04-2.42). Conclusions and Relevance In this study of the prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements on TV or streaming platforms among US adults, disparities in exposure by race or ethnicity, education level, and smoking status were identified. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and regulation to address these disparities and reduce the impact of tobacco advertisements on vulnerable populations.
Elinzanetant for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms Associated With Menopause
Authors: JoAnn V. Pinkerton, James A. Simon, Hadine Joffe, Pauline M. Maki, Rossella E. Nappi, Nick Panay, Claudio N. Soares, Rebecca C. Thurston, Cecilia Caetano, Claudia Haberland, Nazanin Haseli Mashhadi, Ulrike Krahn, Uwe Mellinger, Susanne Parke, Christian Seitz, Lineke Zuurman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Safe and effective nonhormonal treatments for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are needed. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of elinzanetant, a selective neurokinin-1,3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of moderate to severe menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants Two randomized double-blind phase 3 trials (OASIS 1 and 2) included postmenopausal participants aged 40 to 65 years experiencing moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (OASIS 1: 77 sites in the US, Europe, and Israel from August 27, 2021, to November 27, 2023, and OASIS 2: 77 sites in the US, Canada, and Europe from October 29, 2021, to October 10, 2023). Intervention Once daily oral elinzanetant, 120 mg, for 26 weeks or matching placebo for 12 weeks followed by elinzanetant, 120 mg, for 14 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary end points included mean change in frequency and severity of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms from baseline to weeks 4 and 12, measured by the electronic hot flash daily diary. Secondary end points included Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance Short Form 8b total T score and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire total score from baseline to week 12. Results Eligible participants (mean [SD] age, OASIS 1: 54.6 [4.9] years; OASIS 2: 54.6 [4.8] years) were randomized to elinzanetant (OASIS 1: n = 199; OASIS 2: n = 200) or placebo (OASIS 1: n = 197; OASIS 2: n = 200). A total of 309 (78.0%) and 324 (81.0%) completed OASIS 1 and 2, respectively. For the elinzanetant and placebo groups, the baseline mean (SD) VMS per 24 hours were 13.4 (6.6) vs 14.3 (13.9) (OASIS 1) and 14.7 (11.1) v 16.2 (11.2) (OASIS 2). Baseline VMS severity was 2.6 (0.2) vs 2.5 (0.2) (OASIS 1) and 2.5 (0.2) vs 2.5 (0.2) (OASIS 2). Elinzanetant significantly reduced VMS frequency vs placebo at week 4 (OASIS 1: −3.3 [95% CI, −4.5 to −2.1], P &amp;amp;lt; .001; OASIS 2: −3.0 [95% CI, −4.4 to −1.7], P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and at week 12 (OASIS 1: −3.2 [95% CI, −4.8 to −1.6], P &amp;amp;lt; .001; OASIS 2: −3.2 [95% CI, −4.6 to −1.9], P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Elinzanetant also improved VMS severity vs placebo at week 4 (OASIS 1: −0.3 [95% CI, −0.4 to −0.2], P &amp;amp;lt; .001; OASIS 2: −0.2 [95 CI, −0.3 to −0.1], P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and week 12 (OASIS 1: −0.4 [95% CI, −0.5 to −0.3], P &amp;amp;lt; .001; OASIS 2: −0.3 [95% CI, −0.4 to −0.1], P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Elinzanetant improved sleep disturbances and menopause-related quality of life at week 12, and the safety profile was favorable. Conclusions and Relevance Elinzanetant was well tolerated and efficacious for moderate to severe menopausal VMS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: OASIS 1: NCT05042362 , OASIS 2: NCT05099159
A New Era in Menopause Management?
Authors: Stephanie S. Faubion, Chrisandra L. Shufelt
Journal: JAMA (2024)

JoAnn V. Pinkerton, MD, MSCP; James A. Simon, MD, MSCP; Hadine Joffe, MD, MSc; Pauline M. Maki, PhD; Rossella E. Nappi, MD, PhD; Nick Panay, BSc, MBBS; Claudio N. Soares, MD, PhD, MBA; Rebecca C. Thurston, PhD; Cecilia Caetano, MD; Claudia Haberland, PhD; Nazanin Haseli Mashhadi, MSc(Statistics); Ulrike Krahn, PhD; Uwe Mellinger, Dipl-Math; Susanne Parke, MD; Christian Seitz, MD; Lineke Zuurman, MD, PhD