Abstract PO2-08-09: Prevalence of germline genetic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes among patients with metaplastic breast cancer
Authors: Kaitlin Demarest, Anupma Nayak, Payal Shah
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Background: Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PV) in breast cancer (BC) susceptibility genes are present in approximately 5-10% of individuals with breast cancer and approximately 13-15% of those with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Identifying patients with PV in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can inform selection of appropriate candidates for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), which have improved progression-free and overall survival in the metastatic and adjuvant settings, respectively. Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare, aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is often triple-negative and refractory to chemotherapy. To date, limited data describe germline genetic findings in patients with MpBC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review including patients with pathology results at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 2021 through May 2023 demonstrating MpBC. Germline genetic test results and tumor histopathologic characteristics including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status were evaluated. Descriptive statistics as well as two-tailed t tests were used for data analysis. Results: Of 89 patients identified with MpBC, 51 had germline genetic testing results available for review. Nine patients (17.6%) had MpBC with PV in BC predisposition genes (PV-MpBC) and 42 (82.4%) had PV-negative MpBC (PVneg-MpBC). Seven patients (13.7%) had a PV in BRCA1, 1 (2.0%) in BRCA2, and 1 (2.0%) in CHEK2. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years for patients with PV-MpBC and 56.5 years for those with PVneg-MpBC (p=0.005). Among patients with PV-MpBC, 6 (66.7%) had ER and PR negative disease by ASCO-CAP guidelines and 3 (33.3%) had ER and/or PR positive disease. Among patients with PVneg-MpBC, 31 (73.8%) had ER and PR negative disease and 11 (26.2%) had ER and/or PR positive disease. All 9 patients with PV-MpBC had HER2-negative disease, one (11.1%) of whom had HER2-low disease. Among patients with PVneg-MpBC, 40 (95.2%) had HER2-negative disease, two (4.8%) of whom had HER2-low disease, and 2 (4.8%) had HER2-positive BC. Conclusions: The frequency of PV in breast cancer susceptibility genes among patients with MpBC is comparable to, and possibly higher than, the reported rates of such PV in patients with TNBC, for whom genetic testing is recommended. If confirmed in a larger dataset, germline testing should be considered for all patients with MpBC regardless of ER, PR, and HER2 status, as findings may help identify candidates for PARPi therapy and genetically-directed clinical trials. Citation Format: Kaitlin Demarest, Anupma Nayak, Payal Shah. Prevalence of germline genetic variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes among patients with metaplastic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-08-09.