tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Daily or Nondaily Vaping and Smoking Cessation Among Smokers
Authors: Natalie E. Quach, John P. Pierce, Jiayu Chen, Brian Dang, Matthew D. Stone, David R. Strong, Dennis R. Trinidad, Sara B. McMenamin, Karen Messer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

An important public health goal is to increase tobacco cessation, but there is limited research on associations of vaping with tobacco cessation. To estimate the association of vaping with long-term tobacco cessation among US cigarette smokers who used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; ie, e-cigarettes) in 2017. This cohort study used a nationally representative sample of US cigarette smokers from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort at wave 4 (2017) with follow-up at wave 6 (2021). Data were analyzed from June 2023 to June 2024. Wave 4 ENDS use: daily, nondaily, or no use. The primary outcomes were 12 or more months' abstinence from cigarette smoking and 12 or more months' abstinence from both cigarette and ENDS use, ascertained at wave 6. Propensity score matching was used to control confounding on 14 potential confounders, including interest in quitting, income, age, education, nondaily smoking, and presence of a smoke-free home. A total of 6013 smokers were included in the sample (3634 aged ≥35 years [weighted percentage, 65.2%]; 3182 female [weighted percentage, 46.5%]). Among smokers who vaped daily (228 individuals), an estimated 20.9% (95% CI, 15.0% to 26.8%) were abstinent from cigarette smoking at follow-up, compared with 14.3% abstinence (95% CI, 13.0% to 15.5%) among smokers who did not vape (5070 individuals) and 12.6% abstinence (95% CI, 9.8% to 15.4%) among smokers who vaped nondaily (715 individuals). Compared with similar propensity score-matched smokers who did not vape, smoking cessation was 4.1 percentage points lower among those who vaped daily (95% CI, -11.9 to 3.6 percentage points; P = .30), a nonsignificant difference. Smoking cessation was 5.3 percentage points lower among those who vaped nondaily (95% CI, -9.1 to -1.5 percentage points; P = .01) compared with similar propensity score-matched controls. Considering abstinence from both smoking and vaping, compared with matched controls, smokers who vaped daily had lower abstinence at follow-up by 14.7 percentage points (95% CI, -20.2 to -9.2 percentage points; P < .001), and those who vaped nondaily had lower abstinence by 7.2 percentage points (95% CI, -10.7 to -3.8 percentage points; P < .001). In this representative cohort study of US smokers who used ENDS, neither daily nor nondaily vaping was associated with increased smoking cessation, and each was associated with reduced tobacco abstinence, suggesting that careful adjustment of confounding is critical in studies of ENDS and smoking cessation.
A Dual‐Layer Hydrogel Barrier Integrating Bio‐Adhesive and Anti‐Adhesive Properties Prevents Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions
Authors: Mena Asha Krishnan, Olawale A. Alimi, Mitchell Kuss, Tiffany N Razabdouski, Erika A Eksioglu, Bin Duan, Bo Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Postoperative abdominal adhesions are a common and painful complication after surgery, leading to high healthcare costs and diminished quality of life. This report presents a novel bilayer hydrogel barrier featuring an inner adhesive layer and an outer antiadhesive layer. The inner adhesive layer hydrogel (PT) is prepared by mixing polyethyleneimine (PEI) and thioctic acid (TA). The outer layer (HP) hydrogel is fabricated by the conjugation reaction of thermoresponsive zwitterionic hyaluronic acid, phenylboronic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate complex and polyvinyl alcohol based on dynamic boronic ester bond. The PEI/TA layer enhances attachment to moist tissue surfaces in vivo, and the anti-adhesive layer HP hydrogel promotes biocompatibility and anti-inflammation while minimizing protein adsorption and improving mechanical stability. The bilayer hydrogel (HPPT) exhibited rapid gelation, robust adhesion in dynamic and moist environments, superior viscoelastic properties and cellular biocompatibility. A mouse-cecum abdominal wall adhesion model is utilized to evaluate efficacy, and the HPPT hydrogel shows local retention, anti-inflammatory effect, and inhibits fibrin deposition while minimizing adhesion formation. These findings highlight the innovative structural and functional properties of the HPPT hydrogel, positioning it as a promising therapeutic barrier in peritoneal surgery aimed at reducing postoperative adhesions and enhancing surgical outcomes.
Coronary Artery Calcium Testing—Too Early, Too Late, Too Often
Authors: Alexander R. Zheutlin, Anuj K. Chokshi, John T. Wilkins, Neil J. Stone
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Traditional risk factors, enhancing factors, and risk scores help clinicians assess atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk for primary prevention. The latest cholesterol guidelines suggest measuring coronary artery calcium (CAC) score by computed tomography (CT) in those at intermediate risk when there is uncertainty about statin initiation for primary prevention. CAC testing can improve both risk estimation and adherence to cardiovascular risk-reducing behaviors. As measuring CAC score has become more widely available, this article focuses on 3 situations where CAC testing may be omitted or deferred until a time when CAC testing can provide clinically useful information. Three clinical scenarios to facilitate the clinician-patient risk discussion are as follows: (1) when CAC testing is too early, (2) when CAC testing is too late, and (3) when CAC testing is repeated too often. The timing of CAC testing sits within the decision point of lipid-lowering therapy use. High-risk young adults may face an elevated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease despite a CAC level of 0, whereas older adults may not see an expected benefit over a short time horizon or may already be taking lipid-lowering therapy, rendering a CAC score less valuable. Integrating a CAC score into the decision to initiate lipid-lowering therapy requires understanding of a patient's risk factors, including age, as well as the natural history of atherosclerosis and related events. These clinical scenarios reflect when consideration of CAC score is of use and when it is not. Although CAC testing is becoming more widely available and sought after by clinicians and patients alike, it is only as useful as the clinical context. Understanding when assessing CAC score is too early to effectively rule out risk, too late to influence decisions, or too often to yield clinically relevant information provides important insights that optimize the clinical utility of this potentially valuable prognostic tool.
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence for Colectomy—Better Than the Naked Eye?
Authors: Matthew Z. Wilson, David B. Stewart
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Travel to High-Volume Centers and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Nicole Lin, Busra Cangut, Stephanie Worrell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging in Prevention of Colorectal Anastomotic Leakage
Authors: Juha K. A. Rinne, Heikki Huhta, Tarja Pinta, Arto Turunen, Anne Mattila, Kyösti Tahkola, Olli Helminen, Pasi Ohtonen, Tero Rautio, Jyrki Kössi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Performing a bowel anastomosis is a critical step in colorectal resection. Assessing the risk of anastomotic leakage remains challenging, even for experienced surgeons. To evaluate the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in assessing perfusion at the anastomotic site before and after anastomosis and determine whether it helps reduce anastomotic leakages. ICG-COLORAL is a prospective, randomized, multicenter study conducted from September 1, 2018, to December 31, 2023. Participants were recruited during preoperative outpatient clinic visits by clinicians not involved in the study, as well as by researchers. Participants were elective patients scheduled for laparoscopic resections, excluding low anterior resections, with planned primary anastomosis in 5 Finnish public hospitals experienced in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The intervention group received 5 mg of ICG intravenously before and after anastomosis formation. The fluorescence signal was assessed with a near-infrared-capable camera. The control group did not receive ICG fluorescence imaging. The primary outcome measure was the anastomotic leak rate as detected by computed tomography. Among 1136 patients in the intention-to-treat population, 526 (46.3%) were female and 610 (53.7%) male; they had a mean (SD) age of 70 (11) years, body mass index of 28 (5), and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index of 5 (3). Overall, the anastomotic leak rate was 5.8% (33/567) in the ICG fluorescence imaging group vs 7.9% (45/569) in the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.48-1.13; P = .16). For right-sided operations, the anastomotic leak rate with ICG fluorescence imaging was 5.9% (16/273) vs 6.7% (20/298) in the control group (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.46-1.65). For left-sided operations, the anastomotic leak rate was 5.2% (14/267) with ICG fluorescence imaging vs 9.5% (23/243) without (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.29-1.05). No patients reported adverse events related to ICG. This study found that routine use of ICG fluorescence imaging does not significantly reduce the overall anastomotic leak rate in laparoscopic colorectal surgery if low anterior resections are excluded but may be beneficial in left-sided operations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03602677.
Matrix Viscoelasticity Orchestrates Osteogenesis via Mechanotransduction Mediated Metabolic Switch in Macrophages
Authors: Dihao Tao, Hanzhe Wang, Shiping Chang, Jiayu Cheng, Ningning Da, Li Zhang, Jianhua Yang, Wenzhe Wang, Feng Xu, Bei Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Understanding the interplay between extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanics and macrophage cellular processes is crucial for bone regeneration. While ECM stiffness has been extensively studied, the role of ECM viscoelasticity (e.g., stress relaxation) in the bone marrow niche and its effects on macrophage function remain unclear. Here, this study reveals how matrix viscoelasticity orchestrates osteogenesis by modulating macrophage metabolism through vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) / hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) signaling. In the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) model, significant stress relaxation occurs in regenerated bone marrow during the initial 17 days, coinciding with increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1+) F4/80+ macrophages. Fast stress relaxation enhances macrophage recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by upregulating TGF-β1. Using a hydrogel-macrophage system mimicking bone marrow viscoelasticity, cranial defect regeneration is significantly improved. Moreover, fast stress relaxation shifts macrophage metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) via VASP/HIF1α signaling, facilitating a reparative phenotype. These findings elucidate the relationship between ECM viscoelasticity and macrophage metabolism, suggesting new therapeutic avenues for bone regeneration through mechanomedicine.
A phase I dose escalation study of the HIF-2 alpha inhibitor DFF332 in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Sumanta K. Pal, Alice Bernard-Tessier, Peter Grell, Xin Gao, Ritesh R. Kotecha, Joel Picus, Filippo de Braud, Shunji Takahashi, Alvin Wong, Cristina Suárez, Javier A. Otero, Nicole Kundamal, Xin Yang, Sherif Sharaby, Mike Roy, Patrizia Barzaghi-Rinaudo, Nizar M. Tannir
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2025)

Mutations or silencing of the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene accumulates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-2α is implicated in the oncogenesis of ~50% of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) but, has been considered "undruggable". DFF332, an orally administered novel allosteric inhibitor of HIF-2α showed dose-dependent antitumor efficacy in preclinical models of ccRCC. This first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, antitumor activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of DFF332 in patients with heavily pretreated advanced ccRCC. Preliminary data from the dose escalation of DFF332 monotherapy, administered orally at 50 or 100 mg weekly or 25, 50, 100, or 150 mg once daily in 28-day treatment cycles is reported. As of January 15, 2024, 40 patients (median age, 62.5 years) received DFF332 for a median duration of 12.1 weeks. Overall, 2 patients (5%) achieved a partial response and 19 (48%) achieved stable disease as the best overall response. DFF332 showed a favorable safety profile, with treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurring in 25 patients (63%). Only 5 patients (13%) experienced treatment-related anemia, and no hypoxia was observed. The only serious TRAE, hypertension, was reported in 1 patient. The maximum tolerated dose wasn't reached. While clinical responses were limited in the doses evaluated, dose exploration halted prematurely, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions about the efficacy of DFF332. Further investigation is required to establish a recommended dose regimen, assess its efficacy and safety, and evaluate its full potential as a partner in combination studies.
Sports Gambling and Drinking Behaviors Over Time
Authors: Joshua B. Grubbs, Alexander J. Connolly, Scott Graupensperger, Hyoun S. Kim, Shane W. Kraus
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

Sports gambling has become one of the most accessible forms of gambling in the United States, and recent research suggests that sports gambling coupled with frequent alcohol use may have deleterious health consequences. To examine the trajectories of sports gambling frequency and alcohol-related problems over time and the associations between these trajectories. This survey study was a 2-year longitudinal study conducted in the United States. Participants were recruited from a nonprobability internet panel from 2 sources: a large cross-section of adults matched and weighted to US Census norms and a specific oversample of sports-gambling adults. Recruitment began in spring 2022, and the last surveys concluded in spring 2024. To identify trajectories within sports gambling frequency and alcohol use problems, latent growth curve modeling was used. At each time point, the National Institute on Drug Abuse-modified Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test 2 was used to assess alcohol-related problems and sports gambling frequency was assessed by a single item. The cross-section of US adults (n = 2806) and oversample of sports-gambling adults (n = 1557) resulted in a total baseline sample of 4363 (mean [SD] age, 49.6 [16.2] years; 2243 men [51.4%] and 2120 women or nonbinary gender reported [48.6%]). Latent growth curve modeling revealed that alcohol problems decreased over time (slope = -0.059; 95% CI, -0.090 to -0.028). Sports gambling frequency did not show a significant trend over time (slope = -0.003; 95% CI, -0.053 to 0.047), though there was significant variance in this slope (variance = 0.024; 95% CI, 0.013 to 0.034). The trajectories of alcohol-related problems and sports gambling did not move independently, instead being highly positively correlated, suggesting that increases in one would correspond to increases in the other. This study found that over time, the trajectory of sports gambling frequency was associated with the trajectory of alcohol-related problems. Screening and treatment interventions are recommended for sport gamblers who also drink concurrently, especially because this group appears to be at an elevated risk for developing greater alcohol-related problems over time.
Travel to High-Volume Centers and Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Kexun Li, Xin Yang, Yunchao Huang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
In Situ‐Gelling Antimicrobial Poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate)‐Based Hydrogels Integrating Bound Quaternary Ammonia Compounds and Antibiotic Functionalities for Effective Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Fei Xu, Evelyn Cudmore, Sadru‐Dean Walji, Lei Zhang, Meghan Kostashuk, Isabella Jun, Gurpreet Randhawa, Zhicheng Pan, Todd Hoare
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

In situ-gelling antibacterial hydrogels are reported in which two antibacterial entities (quaternary ammonium (QA) groups and the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP)) are tethered to a single precursor based on the anti-fouling polymer poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA). Synergism between the QA and CIP tethers is demonstrated to enable broad-spectrum killing and/or disinfection of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo while also supporting improved functional recovery of uninjured skin morphology. Coupled with the suitable mechanics, swelling capacity, and stability of the gels, the multi-mechanism antibacterial properties of the hydrogels offer promise for treating or preventing infections of burn wounds.
Controlling Protein Functionalities With Temporal and Cellular/Subcellular Dimensions of Spatial Resolution With Molecular Photoswitches
Authors: Saugata Sahu, Ammathnadu S. Amrutha, Nobuyuki Tamaoki
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2025)

The use of photoswitchable ligand to control the protein functionalities and related downstream effects in an on-off manner is an active research area in photopharmacology and medicinal chemistry. Temporal control grants a privilege to identify the crucial role of a particular receptor in biological occurrences without destroying the protein permanently. Additionally, light can be applied site-selectively to regulate protein functionality with cellular and sub-cellular levels of spatial resolutions. The spatiotemporal resolution enables the probing of a specific receptor, a receptor isoform, or a particular signalling pathway. This reversible and fast spatiotemporal control is highly beneficial in studying protein functionalities in highly dynamic biological processes, including but not limited to signal transduction, neurotransmission, cell divisions, immune response, protein folding, and protein degradation. Though several light-active ligands have been developed to control protein functionality in an on-off manner efficiently, only a few reports on protein functionality with spatial resolution exist in the literature. Major challenges to achieve efficient photoswitches to study protein functionalities are efficient synthesis strategy, photostability of the ligand, bidirectional visible light switching ability and most importantly precise controlling of the local concentration of desired photoisomer using light. The site-specific localization of the active photoisomer depends on multiple factors like the nature of the photoswitch, the binding affinity of both photoisomers, molecular diffusion and light irradiation conditions. The present review discusses suitable techniques and the role of different factors in achieving cellular and subcellular dimension control in protein functionality. Multiple strategies are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations, to explore the enormous potentiality of these approaches in manipulating protein functionality.