tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of endocrine therapy adherence in a nurse-led cancer survivorship clinic: Results from the Linking You to Support and Advice (LYSA) trial.
Authors: Mohammad Javad Ghassemi Rad, Kate O'Connell, Laia Aran Raigal, Katie E Johnston, Naoimh Marie Flynn, Seamus O'Reilly, Sinead Noonan, Katarina Medved, Veronica B McInerney, Aoife J Lowery, Brendan Anthony Palmer, Darren L Dahly, Josephine Hegarty, Roisin M. Connolly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

1627 Background: The care of those living with and beyond a cancer diagnosis requires dedicated cancer survivorship services to ensure optimal symptom control and quality of life. Supporting adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy is also an essential component of care. We examined endocrine therapy adherence rates, and factors associated with non-adherence, in patients with early-stage breast cancer enrolling in a survivorship trial (LYSA). Methods: Women with early-stage hormone positive breast (n=168) cancers within 12 months of completing primary therapy, were enrolled in a randomized control trial with parallel arms (PMID 36357934). Experimental arm had access to nurse-led symptom management, dietetic consultation, and undertook bimonthly electronic patient reported outcome (ePRO). Active comparator group had access to conventional care and ePRO was completed at beginning and end of study. Endocrine therapy adherence was reported as the ability to take medication as prescribed over prior 4 weeks (Michigan Oncology Quality Consortium Adherence Tool), with response quantified as Excellent (adherence close to 100%), Very Good (80%), Good (60%), Fair (40%) and Poor (20%). Adherence Objective (Secondary) was adherence rate at 12 months after study entry in both arms, and factors associated with non-adherence. Results: A total of 148/168 women with breast cancer who completed the LYSA study reported adjuvant endocrine therapy use (74 experimental arm, 74 active comparator) during study conduct. Therapies included aromatase inhibitors (53%), tamoxifen (39%) and ovarian suppression combinations (8%). At study entry ≥ 80% adherence was reported in 74% of overall cohort (75% experimental, 72% comparator, p=0.7), with 1.6% reporting not taking any medication. By end of study (12 months), ≥ 80% adherence was reported in 74% overall (77% experimental, 71% comparator, p=0.4), while non-adherence rates were 2.9%. Among the pre-specified reasons for non-adherence at study end, “simply missing it” ranked highest (10%), and 5% “experienced side effects”. Post-menopausal patients were more likely than pre-menopausal to report excellent (versus sub-excellent) adherence at study end (OR 4.60, 95%CI 1.45 – 16.13, p = 0.012, adjusted for arm, age, and ECOG). Additional exploration of reasons for non-adherence will be presented. Conclusions: Adjuvant endocrine therapy adherence rates in both arms at 12 months after study entry collected via ePRO were good (≥ 90% reporting excellent or very good adherence). Additional factors potentially associated with non-adherence are being analyzed including self-care agency, symptom burden and quality of life. Clinical trial information: NCT05035173 .
Exploring disparities in palliative care utilization among hospitalized patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Rahman Adesoji Olusoji, Enoch Abbey, Meena Ahluwalia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

1616 Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the common gastrointestinal cancers, and its advanced stage requires palliative care due to its inferior prognosis and mortality. Palliative care significantly improves the burden of HCC on patients and the healthcare system. Despite the evidence of its use, reported utilization could have been better. This study aims to investigate the disparities in utilization of palliative care in hospitalized patients with HCC and examine related factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the 2018-2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients aged 18 or above with hepatocellular carcinoma were studied to determine how their utilization of palliative care varied based on their race and other identifiable risk factors. Palliative care utilization encompasses palliative care/ comfort care or under the care of a palliative care physician or referral. We examined these patients' demographics, All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG) risk of mortality, and their relationship with palliative care utilization. Results: This study identified 128,140 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), of whom 26,730 (20.9%) had utilized palliative care. The majority of study participants were White and male. The palliative care utilization (PCU) group comprised mainly White patients, with 50% of the group having extreme APR-DRG risk of mortality. Compared to Whites, Blacks had increased odds of palliative care utilization in both unadjusted (OR=1.08; 95% CI: 0.99-1.18) and adjusted models (aOR=1.11; 95% CI: 1.01-1.22). Hispanics had reduced odds in both unadjusted (OR=0.83; 95% CI: 0.75-0.91) and adjusted models (aOR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.76-0.93). Moreover, over 50% of study participants were in large, bed-sized hospitals and on Medicare insurance. Conclusions: Our study showed significant disparities in palliative care utilization among hospitalized patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. While the majority of patients were White and male, Black patients had increased odds of palliative care utilization, and Hispanics had reduced odds. Additionally, patients in large, bed-sized hospitals and on Medicare insurance comprised over 50% of the study population. The racial disparities in utilization might stem from differences in socio-cultural beliefs and practices alongside other factors. Efforts are needed to address these disparities and ensure equitable care for all patients, particularly vulnerable populations. Further research and quality improvement initiatives are essential to explore and address these disparities and contributing factors, enhancing outcomes for patients with HCC.
Transition times across the HIV care continuum in Spain from 2005 to 2022: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Alejandro G García-Ruiz de Morales, María Jesús Vivancos, María de Lagarde, Margarita Ramírez Schacke, Maria Del Mar Arcos Rueda, Eva Orviz, Adrian Curran, Francisco Carmona-Torre, Santiago Moreno, María Jesús Pérez-Elías, Javier Martínez-Sanz
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2024)
Iadademstat in combination with azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (ALICE): an open-label, phase 2a dose-finding study
Authors: Olga Salamero, Antonieta Molero, José Antonio Pérez-Simón, Montserrat Arnan, Rosa Coll, Sara Garcia-Avila, Evelyn Acuña-Cruz, Isabel Cano, Tim C P Somervaille, Sonia Gutierrez, María Isabel Arévalo, Jordi Xaus, Carlos Buesa, Ana Limón, Douglas V Faller, Francesc Bosch, Pau Montesinos
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2024)
Use of artificial intelligence chatbots in clinical management of immune-related adverse events
Authors: Hannah Burnette, Aliyah Pabani, Mitchell S von Itzstein, Benjamin Switzer, Run Fan, Fei Ye, Igor Puzanov, Jarushka Naidoo, Paolo A Ascierto, David E Gerber, Marc S Ernstoff, Douglas B Johnson
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots have become a major source of general and medical information, though their accuracy and completeness are still being assessed. Their utility to answer questions surrounding immune-related adverse events (irAEs), common and potentially dangerous toxicities from cancer immunotherapy, are not well defined. Methods We developed 50 distinct questions with answers in available guidelines surrounding 10 irAE categories and queried two AI chatbots (ChatGPT and Bard), along with an additional 20 patient-specific scenarios. Experts in irAE management scored answers for accuracy and completion using a Likert scale ranging from 1 (least accurate/complete) to 4 (most accurate/complete). Answers across categories and across engines were compared. Results Overall, both engines scored highly for accuracy (mean scores for ChatGPT and Bard were 3.87 vs 3.5, p&lt;0.01) and completeness (3.83 vs 3.46, p&lt;0.01). Scores of 1–2 (completely or mostly inaccurate or incomplete) were particularly rare for ChatGPT (6/800 answer-ratings, 0.75%). Of the 50 questions, all eight physician raters gave ChatGPT a rating of 4 (fully accurate or complete) for 22 questions (for accuracy) and 16 questions (for completeness). In the 20 patient scenarios, the average accuracy score was 3.725 (median 4) and the average completeness was 3.61 (median 4). Conclusions AI chatbots provided largely accurate and complete information regarding irAEs, and wildly inaccurate information (“hallucinations”) was uncommon. However, until accuracy and completeness increases further, appropriate guidelines remain the gold standard to follow
Imaging‐Based Efficacy Evaluation of Cancer Immunotherapy in Engineered Tumor Platforms and Tumor Organoids
Authors: Seong‐Eun Kim, Suji Yun, Junsang Doh, Hong Nam Kim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy is used to treat tumors by modulating the immune system. Although the anticancer efficacy of cancer immunotherapy has been evaluated prior to clinical trials, conventional in vivo animal and endpoint models inadequately replicate the intricate process of tumor elimination and reflect human‐specific immune systems. Therefore, more sophisticated models that mimic the complex tumor‐immune microenvironment must be employed to assess the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Additionally, using real‐time imaging technology, a step‐by‐step evaluation can be applied, allowing for a more precise assessment of treatment efficacy. Here, an overview of the various imaging‐based evaluation platforms recently developed for cancer immunotherapeutic applications is presented. Specifically, a fundamental technique is discussed for stably observing immune cell‐based tumor cell killing using direct imaging, a microwell that reproduces a confined space for spatial observation, a droplet assay that facilitates cell–cell interactions, and a 3D microphysiological system that reconstructs the vascular environment. Furthermore, it is suggested that future evaluation platforms pursue more human‐like immune systems.
Spatial transcriptomic analysis of amelanotic acral melanoma versus pigmented acral melanoma reveals distinct molecular determinants
Authors: Myoung Eun Choi, Eun Ji Choi, Jeong Hyeon Lee, Chong Hyun Won, Sung Eun Chang, Mi Woo Lee, Woo Jin Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Abstract Background Amelanotic acral melanoma (AAM) is a rare type of acral melanoma that has a poor prognosis. Objectives To investigate the transcriptomic differences between AAM and pigmented acral melanoma (PAM). Methods Differences in the spatially resolved transcriptomic profiles of 9 patients with AAM with 29 regions of interest (ROIs) and 11 patients with PAM with 46 ROIs were investigated using S100b and CD3 morphology markers. Results In S100b+ tumour cell areas, we detected 11 upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs; including chaperone/ubiquitin-­associated DEGs) and 82 downregulated DEGs (including human leucocyte antigen) in AAMs vs. PAMs. Protein–protein interaction network and pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of dysregulated translational and nonsense-mediated decay pathways but significant decreases in antigen processing and presentation, interferon signalling and melanin biosynthesis pathways in S100b+ ROIs of AAMs compared with PAMs. In tumour-associated immune cell areas, the numbers of CD8 T cells (P = 0.04) and M1 macrophages (P = 0.01) were significantly decreased, whereas those of monocytes (P = 0.04) and endothelial cells (P = 0.04) were increased in AAMs compared with PAMs. Conclusions These findings could widen our understanding of the biological differences between AAMs and PAMs, which might result in a different clinical course.
May top picks: politics, psychological safety, and creativity
Authors: Éabha Lynn
Journal: BMJ (2024)

As a teenager, I was always a little "too political."If I hadn't studied medicine, I might have found myself getting stuck into the different, but perhaps equally strange world of politics.These dual interests have influenced my year at The BMJ, but also how I approach my medical degree.I've always seen medicine as inherently political: growing up in a post-conflict Northern Ireland, so much of the world around me, and the health of the society around me, was intertwined with its political context.Although my 18 year old self tied herself firmly to the medicine wall-partially through disbelief that I was accepted onto the course in the first place-I still find myself geeking out over the coming election season, and wondering what the consequences will be for patients, for students like myself, or for the 350 students taking up the additional medical school places funded by the government who will start their studies as the new government comes to power later this summer.
Radiomics-based prediction of local control in patients with brain metastases following postoperative stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Josef A Buchner, Florian Kofler, Michael Mayinger, Sebastian M Christ, Thomas B Brunner, Andrea Wittig, Bjoern Menze, Claus Zimmer, Bernhard Meyer, Matthias Guckenberger, Nicolaus Andratschke, Rami A El Shafie, Jürgen Debus, Susanne Rogers, Oliver Riesterer, Katrin Schulze, Horst J Feldmann, Oliver Blanck, Constantinos Zamboglou, Konstantinos Ferentinos, Angelika Bilger-Zähringer, Anca L Grosu, Robert Wolff, Marie Piraud, Kerstin A Eitz, Stephanie E Combs, Denise Bernhardt, Daniel Rueckert, Benedikt Wiestler, Jan C Peeken
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2024)

Abstract Background Surgical resection is the standard of care for patients with large or symptomatic brain metastases (BMs). Despite improved local control after adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy, the risk of local failure (LF) persists. Therefore, we aimed to develop and externally validate a pre-therapeutic radiomics-based prediction tool to identify patients at high LF risk. Methods Data were collected from A Multicenter Analysis of Stereotactic Radiotherapy to the Resection Cavity of BMs (AURORA) retrospective study (training cohort: 253 patients from 2 centers; external test cohort: 99 patients from 5 centers). Radiomic features were extracted from the contrast-enhancing BM (T1-CE MRI sequence) and the surrounding edema (T2-FLAIR sequence). Different combinations of radiomic and clinical features were compared. The final models were trained on the entire training cohort with the best parameter set previously determined by internal 5-fold cross-validation and tested on the external test set. Results The best performance in the external test was achieved by an elastic net regression model trained with a combination of radiomic and clinical features with a concordance index (CI) of 0.77, outperforming any clinical model (best CI: 0.70). The model effectively stratified patients by LF risk in a Kaplan–Meier analysis (P &amp;lt; .001) and demonstrated an incremental net clinical benefit. At 24 months, we found LF in 9% and 74% of the low and high-risk groups, respectively. Conclusions A combination of clinical and radiomic features predicted freedom from LF better than any clinical feature set alone. Patients at high risk for LF may benefit from stricter follow-up routines or intensified therapy.
Young-Onset Dementia Among Individuals With History of Preeclampsia
Authors: Valérie Olié, Grégory Lailler, Marion J. Torres, Nolwenn Regnault, Laure Carcaillon-Bentata, Jacques Blacher
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study assesses the risk of developing early-onset dementia in individuals who had preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Pediatric Phoenix Sepsis Score Validation Challenges in Low-Resource Settings and in the ED—Reply
Authors: R. Scott Watson, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Lauren R. Sorce
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preeclampsia and the Risk of Young-Onset Dementia
Authors: Stephen Tong, Roxanne Hastie
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Valérie Olié, PhD; Grégory Lailler, MD; Marion J. Torres, PhD; Nolwenn Regnault, PhD; Laure Carcaillon-Bentata, PhD; Jacques Blacher, MD
Variability of polygenic prediction for body mass index in Africa
Authors: Tinashe Chikowore, Kristi Läll, Lisa K. Micklesfield, Zane Lombard, Julia H. Goedecke, Segun Fatumo, Shane A. Norris, Reedik Magi, Michele Ramsay, Paul W. Franks, Guillaume Pare, Andrew P. Morris
Journal: Genome Medicine (2024)

Abstract Background Polygenic prediction studies in continental Africans are scarce. Africa’s genetic and environmental diversity pose a challenge that limits the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for body mass index (BMI) within the continent. Studies to understand the factors that affect PRS variability within Africa are required. Methods Using the first multi-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis for BMI involving continental Africans, we derived a multi-ancestry PRS and compared its performance to a European ancestry-specific PRS in continental Africans (AWI-Gen study) and a European cohort (Estonian Biobank). We then evaluated the factors affecting the performance of the PRS in Africans which included fine-mapping resolution, allele frequencies, linkage disequilibrium patterns, and PRS-environment interactions. Results Polygenic prediction of BMI in continental Africans is poor compared to that in European ancestry individuals. However, we show that the multi-ancestry PRS is more predictive than the European ancestry-specific PRS due to its improved fine-mapping resolution. We noted regional variation in polygenic prediction across Africa’s East, South, and West regions, which was driven by a complex interplay of the PRS with environmental factors, such as physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and socioeconomic status. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of gene-environment interactions in PRS prediction variability in Africa. PRS methods that correct for these interactions, coupled with the increased representation of Africans in GWAS, may improve PRS prediction in Africa.
Laparoscopic-assisted full-sized liver transplantation with magnetically fast portal vein anastomosis: An initial cohort study
Authors: Xue-Min Liu, Yu Li, Zhe Feng, Xiao-Gang Zhang, Shan-Pei Wang, Jun-Xi Xiang, Si-Nan Liu, Kun Guo, Jing-Jing Hou, Ai-Hua Shi, Xu-Feng Zhang, Yi Lyu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Some cases of laparoscopic-assisted liver transplantation (LA-LT) with utilization of reduced-size grafts has been reported. The authors here introduced successful utilization of LA-LT with whole liver grafts and magnetic portal vein anastomosis. Methods: Eight patients with liver cirrhosis were included for LA-LT using donor organs after cardiac death. The surgical procedures included purely laparoscopic explant hepatectomy and whole-liver graft implantation via the midline incision. After explant removal, the whole-liver graft was then placed in situ, and a side-to-side cavo-caval anastomosis with 4–5 cm oval opening was performed. The magnetic rings were everted on the donor and recipient portal vein, respectively, and the instant attachment of the two magnets at the donor and recipient portal vein allowed fast blood reperfusion, followed by continuous suturing on the surface of the magnets. Results: The median operation time was 495 (range 420–630). The median time of explant hepatectomy and inferior vena cava anastomosis was 239 (range 150–300) min and 14.5 (range 10–19) min, respectively. Of note, the median anhepatic time was 25 (range 20–35) min. All the patients were discharged home with no major complications after more than 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: LA-LT with full-size graft is feasible and utilization of magnetic anastomosis would further simplify the procedure.
A commentary on “Global trends in colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis”
Authors: Kaiyi Niu, Yanlong Shi, Yizhu Wang, Yewei Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210003, China Kaiyi Niu, Yanlong Shi, Yizhu Wang These authors contributed equally to this work. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: NO.121, Gulou, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210003, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Zhang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
A Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia-Dependent p27Kip1 Checkpoint Induces Senescence and Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Cancer Progression
Authors: Pradip K. Majumder, Chiara Grisanzio, Fionnuala O’Connell, Marc Barry, Joseph M. Brito, Qing Xu, Isil Guney, Raanan Berger, Paula Herman, Rachel Bikoff, Giuseppe Fedele, Won-Ki Baek, Shunyou Wang, Katharine Ellwood-Yen, Hong Wu, Charles L. Sawyers, Sabina Signoretti, William C. Hahn, Massimo Loda, William R. Sellers
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
Comment on “Deep learning-assisted detection and segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage in noncontrast computed tomography scans of acute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Authors: Weihua Jiang, Yeqing Tian, Yenan Shen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, Zhejiang, PR China bDepartment of Radiology, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, Zhejiang, PR China Running Title: deep learning-assisted detection and acute stroke. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, 311100, Zhejiang, PR China. E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Jiang). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/