tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Workplace bullying
Authors: B. R McAvoy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Tracking of eye movements is an established measurement for many types of experimental paradigms. More complex and lengthier visual stimuli have made algorithmic approaches to eye movement event classification the most pragmatic option. A recent analysis revealed that many current algorithms are lackluster when it comes to data from viewing dynamic stimuli such as video sequences. Here we present an event classification algorithm—built on an existing velocity-based approach—that is suitable for both static and dynamic stimulation, and is capable of detecting saccades, post-saccadic oscillations, fixations, and smooth pursuit events. We validated classification performance and robustness on three public datasets: 1) manually annotated, trial-based gaze trajectories for viewing static images, moving dots, and short video sequences, 2) lab-quality gaze recordings for a feature length movie, and 3) gaze recordings acquired under suboptimal lighting conditions inside the bore of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner for the same full-length movie. We found that the proposed algorithm performs on par or better compared to state-of-the-art alternatives for static stimulation. Moreover, it yields eye movement events with biologically plausible characteristics on prolonged recordings without a trial structure. Lastly, algorithm performance is robust on data acquired under suboptimal conditions that exhibit a temporally varying noise level. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is a robust tool with improved classification accuracy across a range of use cases. The algorithm is cross-platform compatible, implemented using the Python programming language, and readily available as free and open source software from public sources.
Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Craig Young
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

This issue provides a clinical overview of plantar fasciitis focusing on prevention, diagnosis, treatment, practice improvement, and patient information. Readers can complete the accompanying CME quiz for 1.5 credits. Only ACP members and individual subscribers can access the electronic features of In the Clinic. Non-subscribers who wish to access this issue of In the Clinic can elect "Pay for View." Subscribers can receive 1.5 category 1 CME credits by completing the CME quiz that accompanies this issue of In the Clinic. The content of In the Clinic is drawn from the clinical information and education resources of the American College of Physicians (ACP), including PIER (Physicians' Information and Education Resource) and MKSAP (Medical Knowledge and Self Assessment Program). Annals of Internal Medicine editors develop In the Clinic from these primary sources in collaboration with the ACP's Medical Education and Publishing division and with assistance of science writers and physician writers. Editorial consultants from PIER and MKSAP provide expert review of the content. Readers who are interested in these primary resources for more detail can consult www.acponline.org, http://pier.acponline.org, and other resources referenced within each issue of In the Clinic.
Assessing the quality of care
Authors: R. J Davenport, M. S Dennis
Journal: BMJ (1996)

therefore the use of the term emergency contraception for early abortion is erroneous.According to the datasheet, "Schering PC4 is primarily aimed to prevent implantation of the fertilised ovum in the endometrium."Insertion of a foreign body such as an intrauterine contraceptive device achieves the same effect.
Abstract 2942: Clinical Outcome in Patients with NonCalcified Coronary Plaque Detected by Multi Slice Computed Tomography: Risk Factors, Stenosis and 34-month Clinical Outcome.
Authors: Niti R Aggarwal, Thomas Knickelbine, Aaron Tande, Luke Solftus, John Lesser, Robert S Schwartz
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Contrast enhanced Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCTA) can detect non-calcified plaque (NCP) in coronary arteries and associated coronary stenosis. However, the clinical impact of NCP is not well defined. This study examined the relationship of patient risk factors with NCP detected by MSCTA, and 34 month clinical follow-up. Methods: From September 2003 to June 2004, 506 patients underwent contrast MSCTA using a 16-slice CTA. Non-Calcified plaque (NCP) was defined as intraluminal density with 25 ≤ HU ≤ 130. 124 patients (25%) had coronary artery calcium scores of zero and complete conventional risk factor profiles. Of these, 111 patients were followed clinically for a mean of 34 months. Results: The CAC was zero in 124/506 (25%). Of these, 55/124 (44%) had no NCP, 63/124 (51%) had NCP but no significant stenosis, and 6/124 (5%) had NCP and stenosis by MSCTA. Patients in each group were similar in age, but differed significantly in their number of risk factors (Table 1 ). Current or former smokers were more prevalent in the group with stenosis and NCP (83.3%) compared with the other two groups (41.3%, 16.4%), p=0.023. Cardiac events at mean 34 month follow-up: No Plaque: No events NCP but no stenosis : 2/54 (4%) with events (1 sudden cardiac death, 1 VT). NCP with significant stenosis : 2/ 5( 40%) pts had revascularization (1CABG, 1 PCI). Conclusions: Patients with NCP identified with MSCT had significantly more risk factors, especially smoking. NCP without calcium can result in a significant coronary stenosis NCP detected by MSCT in pts with a CAC of 0 identified patients with late cardiac events.
Being a child of donor insemination
Authors: E. D Blyth
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—The anonymous personal view shows how isolating secrecy in donor assisted conception can be and why every step should be taken to stop the practice of donor anonymity, as has already occurred in several countries.1

My main purpose in writing is to comment on the statement that “the few studies that have looked at us [donor conceived children] have used only parental interpretations of our emotional state.” This is largely true if the search for research is confined to the standard sources, such as Human Reproduction and Fertility and Sterility (although Human Reproduction has published one research paper that has directly sought the views of donor conceived people themselves2).3 A few other studies have sought the experiences of donor conceived people directly but have not been published (G Hewitt, unpublished paper, Sydney, 2001; L W Spencer, unpublished MA thesis, Detroit, 2000).

Interestingly, all of the …
Psychiatry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: S L Dubovsky
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

The author draws on personal experience and a review of the literature to summarize the current state of psychiatric practice and education in Saudi Arabia and its relationship to other medical specialties. Although psychiatry is not accorded the status that it has in the West and there is a drastic undersupply of psychiatrists, the specialist practicing in Saudi Arabia has a unique opportunity to integrate ancient beliefs, customs, and laws with modern knowledge and technology in a county where the emphasis is on a stable transition from being governed almost entirely by religious precepts to being a new world power.
Abstract 3336: Fractional and Coronary Flow Reserve in Prediction of Functional Recovery of Myocardium in Patients with Previous Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Branko Beleslin, Miodrag Ostojic, Ana Djordjevic-Dikic, Vladan Vukcevic, Sinisa Stojkovic, Milan Nedeljkovic, Goran Stankovic, Dejan Orlic, Jelena Stepanovic, Vojislav Giga, Aleksandra Arandjelovic
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Fractional flow reserve (FFR) may provide clinically useful diagnostic information both in patients (pts) with normal left ventricular (LV) function as well as in pts with previous myocardial infarction (MI). However, the question remains to the relation between improvement of FFR and improvement of LV function in pts with previous MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the relation between FFR and simultaneously evaluated coronary flow reserve by thermodilution (CFRthermo), with functional improvement of LV function in pts with previous MI undergoing PCI. Methods: Study population consisted of 50 pts (mean age 53±8 years; 40 male) with previous MI and significant coronary stenosis in one-vessel CAD (33 LAD, 4 Cx, 13 RCA) undergoing PCI of infarct-related coronary artery. In all pts we have evaluated by single pressure/thermo wire FFR and CFRthermo before and immediately after PCI. In all pts, we have evaluated LV ejection fraction by echo and wall motion score index (WMSI) before and 3 months after PCI. Results: Coronary lesions were successfully treated in all pts with decrease of diameter stenosis from 63±7% to 18±9% (p&lt;0.001). FFR increased significantly (p&lt;0.001) from 0.62±0.15 to 0.91±0.06 after PCI, whereas CFRthermo increased significantly (p&lt;0.01) from 1.5±0.3 to 2.5±0.7. LV ejection fraction increased from 49±6% to 55±8% (p&lt;0.0001), and WMSI decreased from 1.44±0.24 to 1.29±0.29 (p&lt;0.0001). LV functional improvement was observed in 33/50 (66%) of pts. In pts with LV functional recovery in comparison to pts with no recovery there was significant difference in FFR before PCI (0.57±0.15 vs. 0.71±0.11, p=0.001), improvement of FFR during PCI (0.34±0.15 vs. 0.21±0.13, p=0.004), improvement of CFRthermo during PCI (1.2±0.6 vs. 0.6±0.5, p=0.001) and CFRthermo after PCI (2.7±0.7 vs. 2.1±0.6, p=0.008), respectively. Conclusion: Evaluation of FFR and CFRthermo provide significant prognostic information on LV functional recovery in pts with previous MI undergoing PCI. Lower FFR before PCI, higher CFRthermo after PCI, as well as higher improvement of FFR and CFRthermo during PCI are indicative of left ventricular functional improvement in pts with previous MI.
Prediction of survival benefit from docetaxel chemotherapy with PSA response and PSA half-life in men with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer
Authors: S. A. North, M. Hanninen, P. M. Venner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

16126 Background: Docetaxel (D) has been shown to prolong survival in men with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). However, this treatment is not without side effects and asymptomatic patients may not wish to pursue toxic treatment if they would not be expected to obtain a survival improvement. A prostate specific antigen (PSA) reduction of ≥50% from baseline 90 days post- treatment has been identified as a potential surrogate for survival benefit from D, but if an earlier surrogate could be found, it would allow patients who would not benefit from treatment to stop sooner. PSA doubling time (PSADT) has been identified as a potential surrogate marker for survival in patients at risk for progression after local curative treatment or HRPC. We propose that PSA half-life (PSAHL), may aid in predicting survival patients with HRPC treated with D. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 154 patients with HRPC treated from January 2000 to May 2006 was performed. All patients had metastatic HRPC and received at least one cycle of D. PSA response was calculated and PSAHL was determined for patients with any PSA decline from baseline at 42 and 90 days after starting D. Patients were optimally stratified using the log-rank chi-square statistic and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate overall survival. Results: During the follow-up period, 54% of patients died and 71% experienced biochemical progression. Median overall survival (OS) from initiation of D was 16 months. OS was improved for patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in PSA at 90 days compared to those who did not (22 versus 16 months), but no difference in OS was noted for any stratification based on PSA alone or PSAHL at 42 days. Optimal 90 day PSAHL stratification was obtained at >70 days (OS 15 versus 25 months). Survival benefit found for PSAHL > 70 days remained following multivariate analysis [HR 11.84 (2.95–47.50)]. Conclusions: A 90 day PSAHL > 70 days was associated with a significant OS advantage of 10 months in patients receiving D treatment for HRPC. No survival difference could be predicted by PSA response or PSAHL at 42 days post chemotherapy initiation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 816: Identification of a Receptor Necessary for Nogo-B Stimulated Chemotaxis of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Robert Q Miao, Yuan Gao, Kenneth Harrison, Jay Jay Prendergast, Lisette M Acevedo, Jun Yu, Fenghua Hu, Stephen M Strittmatter, William C Sessa
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Nogo isoforms are part of a superfamily of proteins called reticulons. Nogo-A is a myelin associated inhibitor of axonal sprouting, Nogo-B is expressed in many cells in culture and the primary Nogo...
Utility of a multigene prognostic algorithm in combination with TP53 expression for prediction of benefit from adjuvant taxane-containing chemotherapy in node-positive breast cancer patients
Authors: R. Kronenwett, U. Stropp, E. Briasoulis, M. Gehrmann, E. Razis, G. Hennig, D. Bafaloukos, R. M. Wirtz, T. Economopoulos, G. Fountzilas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

593 Background: Recently, we have shown that the Siemens Prognostic Score (SPS) based on mRNA expression of nine informative genes predicted outcome in node-positive (N+) patients with breast cancer (SABCS 2008, abstract 6044). The aim of this retrospective biomarker study was to examine the utility of the SPS in combination with TP53 expression to predict benefit from adjuvant taxane therapy. Methods: The 211 N+ patients included in this study were treated in the context of a randomized two-arm phase III study (E-T-CMF vs. E-CMF) investigating adjuvant dose-dense sequential chemotherapy with epirubicin (E) followed by CMF with or without paclitaxel (T). RNA was isolated from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples, using a Siemens proprietary method, followed by kinetic one-step RT-PCR for assessment of mRNA expression of the nine SPS genes, TP53 and two normalization genes. The continuous SPS was calculated using a linear combination of expression values of the SPS genes. Patients were separated into a high- and low-risk group using a cutoff at the median of the SPS. Optimal cutoff for low or high TP53 expression was defined on the basis of a ROC curve in SPS high-risk patients. Distant metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: For patients with high SPS or high TP53 expression, we observed a trend for a better MFS in the E-T-CMF arm (SPS: p = 0.18; HR = 0.66; TP53: p = 0.23; HR = 0.67; n = 211). Combining both parameters, patients with high SPS and high TP53 expression (n = 44) had a significantly better MFS following E-T-CMF compared to E-CMF (5-year MFS 80% vs. 40%, p = 0.003, HR = 0.21; OS: p = 0.09; HR = 0.34). On the other hand, patients with high SPS and low TP53 expression (n = 32) showed a trend for a worse outcome with E-T-CMF (MFS: p = 0.09; HR = 3.54; OS: p = 0.35, HR = 1.90). Conclusions: Our prognostic algorithm combined with TP53 mRNA expression predicts the benefit from the addition of paclitaxel to E-CMF and might be used for identification of patients who should be considered for adjuvant taxane therapy. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed in an independent clinical study. [Table: see text]
Abstract 13020: Evidence of Improvement in Diastolic Cardiac Function by Cell-Sheet Therapy in a Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy Model
Authors: Tomonori Shirasaka, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Atsuhiro Saito, Naomasa Kawaguchi, Nariaki Matsuura, Satoshi Nakatani, Yutaka Okita, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Drug points: Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis in presence of concurrent ciprofibrate and ibuprofen treatment
Authors: S Ramachandran, P D Giles
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To study the comparative importance of environment and genes in the development of islet cell autoimmunity associated with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.Design: Population based study of diabetic twins.Setting: Danish population.Subjects: 18 monozygotic and 36 dizygotic twin pairs with one or both partners having insulin dependent diabetes.Main outcome measures: Presence of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) in serum samples from twin pairs 10 years (range 0-30 years) and 9.5 years (2-30 years) after onset of disease.Results: In those with diabetes the prevalence of islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in the 26 monozygotic twins was 38%, 85%, and 92%, respectively, and in the dizygotic twins was 57%, 70%, and 57%, respectively.In those without diabetes the proportions were 20%, 50%, and 40% in the 10 monozygotic twins and 26%, 49%, and 40% in the 35 dizygotic twins. Conclusion:There is no difference between the prevalence of islet cell autoantibodies in dizygotic and monozygotic twins without diabetes, suggesting that islet cell autoimmunity is environmentally rather than genetically determined.Furthermore, the prevalence of islet cell antibodies was higher in the non-diabetic twins than in other first degree relatives of patients with insulin dependent diabetes.This implies that the prenatal or early postnatal period during which twins are exposed to the same environment, in contrast with that experienced by first degree relatives, is of aetiological importance.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Robert O. Bonow, Richard O. Cannon, Martin B. Leon, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

(First of Two Parts)HYPERTROPHIC cardiomyopathy has fascinated and often confused physicians for the quarter of a century since its recognition in the late 1950s.1 2 3 4 5 During this time, investigators have assembled an impressive array of observations spanning numerous aspects of the clinical identification, morphology, pathophysiology, and natural history of the disease. Much understanding has emerged from these investigative efforts; however, the intrinsic complexities of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy continue to create uncertainty and debate.Numerous studies have explored specific facets of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and several have comprehensively reviewed the broader aspects of its clinical profile and course, including the findings on physical . . .
Abstract 15506: Hyponatremia Increases Expression of Apoptosis Related Proteins and Infarct Size
Authors: Weiping Ye, Daniel Lee, Roger M Holt, Shizhen Liu, James G Ralston, Jay L Zweier, Juan A Crestanello
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Hyponatremia (Na < 135mEq/L) is the most common electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. Hyponatremia increases mortality in patients with heart disease; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. W...
Abstract 5001: Longer Adulthood Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Associated with Higher High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Measured from Childhood to Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Wei Chen, Jeffrey P Gardner, Masayuki Kimura, Xiaojian Cao, Sathanur R Srinivasan, Abraham Aviv, Gerald S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction - High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with cardiovascular disease and human longevity. This study assessed the hypothesis that HDL-C levels have an impact on leu...
Training of overseas qualified doctors in Britain
Authors: M. J Carty
Journal: BMJ (1996)

FceRI-P polymorphisms unlikely to contribute substantially to genetic risk of allergic disease EDITOR,-M R Hill and colleagues report the association between a variant of the gene for the 1B chain of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FCeRI-O) with the Leu 181/Leu 183 polymorphism and atopy in an Australian population.'They suggest that polymorphism in FcsRI-is one factor that can be used to assign genetic risk of atopy.This group has previously suggested that Leu 181 may be associated with atopy in the British population.2As part ofa study examining the relation between 12 adrenoceptor polymorphisms and airway reactivity3 we recently screened a population of asthmatic patients for FcERI-3 polymorphisms.Polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification refractory mutation system failed to identify any subjects with either the Leu 181 or the Leu 181/ Leu 183 polymorphism.We therefore proceeded to direct sequencing of this region of FcsRI-to ensure that our ability to detect the Leu 181 polymorphism was not due to problems with the method.None of our 65 asthmatic subjects, however, had either the Leu 181 or the Leu 183 substitution on direct sequencing.Of these 65 subjects, 41 fulfilled Hill and colleagues' criteria for atopy, although all had a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second after challenge with methacholine.These results suggest that, while FcsRI-P polymorphisms may contribute to the atopic phenotype in defined populations, they are unlikely to contribute substantially to the genetic risk of allergic disease in the population at large.
The Normoglycemia in Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation (SUGAR) Study: development, design and conduct of an international multi-center, open label, randomized controlled trial of two target ranges for glycemi
Authors: Simon Finfer, Rinaldo Bellomo, D. Chittock, D. Cook, R Norton, L. Crampton, V. Dhingra, P. Dodek, D. Foster, P. Hebert, W. Henderson, D. Heyland, S. P. McEvoy, C. McArthur, I. Mitchell
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)
Does end-systolic stress adequately reflect time-varying left ventricular wall and fiber stress in hypertension?: influence of the components of arterial pulsatile load
Authors: Julio A Chirinos, Patrick Segers, Abigail Swillens, James Kirkpatrick, Hind Rahmouni, Craig Lanning, Frank Silvestry, Martin Keane, Susan Wiegers, Victor Ferrari, Martin St John Sutton
Journal: Circulation (2008)
In vitro thyroid function tests
Authors: N. J. Marshall, A. Sheldrake, M. G. Prentice
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Immunoassays of circulating thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in serum are the major in vitro methods for assessing the thyroid status of a patient. Since their inception in the 1960s, immunoassays in a variety of forms have gained widespread usage in both nuclear medicine and clinical biochemistry. Four main attributes account for their successful application in diagnostic services, these being their sensitivity, specificity, precision and convenience. The first three are inherent consequences of the fundamental properties of the interactions between antibodies and their antigens which, as explained later, form the basis of immunoassay systems.