tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lived Experiences of Patients Hospitalized With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Kidney Dysfunction
Authors: Gwen M. Bernacki, Ann M. O’Hare, Mahlet Assefa, Kevin D. O’Brien, David K. Prince, James N. Kirkpatrick, Nisha Bansal, Catherine R. Butler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance For patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), the presence of kidney dysfunction can substantially shape prognosis and treatment options. Yet little is known about the lived experiences of these medically vulnerable patients. Objective To elicit accounts of the illness and care experiences of patients currently or recently hospitalized with ADHF and kidney dysfunction in order to identify potential opportunities to improve care. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study of patients with ADHF and kidney dysfunction was conducted at 3 hospitals within an academic health system serving the Greater Seattle area between February 2022 and February 2023. Patients were recruited from those enrolled in a parent study of patients hospitalized with ADHF. A sample of patients who had either acute kidney injury and/or chronic kidney disease were invited to participate in 1 or more qualitative interviews during hospitalization or approximately 3 months postdischarge. Main Outcomes and Measures Transcribed interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Results A total of 40 interviews were conducted among 28 participants. The mean (SD) participant age was 67 (12) years, and 8 (28%) identified as female, 4 as Black [14%], and 20 as White [71.4%]. Qualitative analysis resulted in 4 dominant themes: (1) pervasive impact of functional limitation, (2) adapting goals and changing expectations, (3) struggling to interpret clinical information, and (4) decisional roles and relationships with clinicians. Participants described how their illness had shaped their day-to-day function, life space, and sense of self. They did not always speak in explicit terms about prognosis but most recognized limits on longevity and life options and had started to rethink their priorities. Most participants were engaged in a process of trying to understand the medical aspects of their illness and care, often drawing on their own embodied experience of illness. They had particular difficulty grasping the significance of kidney dysfunction and connecting this to the symptoms they were experiencing. Participants did not always feel equipped or empowered to engage in clinical decision-making, tending to trust the clinicians caring for them. Conclusions and Relevance Interviews with adults currently or recently hospitalized with ADHF and kidney dysfunction highlight the importance of improving education, communication, and engagement in care among members of this medically vulnerable group.
Tamponade revealing purulent pericarditis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Clinical cure by drainage and Antibiotic therapy. Sikasso (Mali)
Authors: Cénac Arnaud
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

The authors report the observation of a 52-year-old Malian patient living in Sikasso (Mali), hospitalized urgently for febrile condition with arterial hypotension. The diagnosis of tamponade is made by echocardiography. Drainage of the pericardial effusion quickly improves the hemodynamic status and reveals purulent fluid. Microbiological analysis of the liquid identifies 2 different, associated pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniæ. Treatment with Imipenem (2 g/day by venous infusion) for 21 days leads to healing. Thirty-six months later the patient is in a stable state of clinical recovery. The authors did not find in the literature any purulent pericarditis with the 2 bacteria identified here, associated.
Ebstein’s Anomaly and Echocardiographic Features
Authors: Ramachandran Muthiah
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Aim: To present the various echocardiographic spectrum of Ebstein’s malformation in adolescence and adults. Introduction: Ebstein’s anomaly has different anatomic and hemodynamic variables with clinical manifestations of cyanosis, right-sided heart failure and arrhythmias. The leaflet tethering and dysplasia, together with dilatation of the tricuspid valve ring, constitute the anatomic cause of tricuspid regurgitation observed in this condition. Case reports: The spectrum of leaflet tethering from mild to extreme with varying degrees of tricuspid regurgitation were documented by echocardiography in a 16-year old cyanotic male with Ebstein’s anomaly associated with an atrial septal defect and mild low tricuspid regurgitation (TR), 22-year old acyanotic male with right-sided heart failure due to severe tricuspid regurgitation and an intact atrial septum, 55-year old aymptomatic female with moderate high tricuspid regurgitation. The extreme form was described as an ‘atretic’ membrane in a 28-year old cyanotic male and as a ‘blanket’ of leaflet tissue in a 30-year old cyanotic male. Conclusion: Ebstein’s anomaly has to be suspected clinically in presence of cyanosis with a WPW (Wolf-Parkinson-White) or atrioventricular (AV) block pattern of ECG and its management is complex and must be individualized. RV (right ventricular) exclusion procedures are preferred in advanced cases.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Properties of Coumarin Derivatives Using Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Hacer Gümüş
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Coumarin derivatives are perceived as part of defense mechanisms in plants due to their commonly observed antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other biological activities. Investigating the molecular structure of coumarin derivatives using computational programs like Gaussian is an effective method for understanding the biological, chemical, and physical properties of these compounds. Therefore, in this study, the molecular structure parameters and spectroscopic (IR, NMR) properties of our coumarin derivative compound were theoretically examined using the DFT method with the B3LYP/LanL2MB basis set. This investigation is crucial for understanding the biological activities of coumarin derivative compounds, obtaining clues for new drug design, and elucidating reaction mechanisms.
Comparative, Prospective, Randomized, and Blind Study on the Incidence of Ecchymosis in Postoperative Varicose Vein Surgery with and without Prior Local Tumescence
Authors: Rafael de Athayde Soares
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Objective: To evaluate if the previous tumescence of the adrenaline solution changes the incidence and intensity of bruising as a complication of surgical treatment of varicose veins. Method: A comparative, blind, prospective, randomized study was conducted at 14 patients whose lower limbs were divided into anterior, posterior and lateral areas. Results: Out of the 40 studied areas, 30% had a higher incidence of ecchymosis in the limb where the previous tumescence was performed, and 20% had a lower incidence and among the areas where tumescence was performed, 55% (11) had ecchymoses considered mild, 40% (8) had moderate ecchymoses, and 5% (1) had severe ecchymosis. In areas where the previous tumescence was not performed, the results were similar, 60% (12) mild, 40% (8) moderate, and 0% (none). Conclusion: The tumescent solution performed before the varicose vein surgery did not prevent or reduce the intensity of ecchymosis.
Effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in sub-Saharan African Patients
Authors: Ngone Diaba Gaye
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) represents a highly efficacious non-pharmacological intervention for cardiac patients. Yet, its effect on left ventricular systolic function remains controversial and there is a lack of data in sub-Saharan African patients. The aim of this study was to assess effects of exercise based cardiac rehabilitation on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after cardiac rehabilitation in a black African population. Results: A total of 103 patients with a male-to-female ratio of 1.64. The mean age was 56,37 yo ± 11,59. Most of the patients (83.5%) presented with dyspnea stage 2 to 3 of classification. Sedentary lifestyle and dyslipidemia were the predominant cardiovascular risk factors, in 90% and 76% of cases respectively. Coronary artery disease was the primary indication, accounting for 74.8% of cases. After cardiac rehabilitation improvement in both left ventricular ejection fraction [+ 17%, P 0.000] and stroke volume [+ 13.5 ml, P 0.00]. This improvement was particularly significant among patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt; 40%. Mean E/e’ ratio decreased significantly upon completion of cardiac rehabilitation [-2.91 pts, P 0.000]. Furthermore, 37.9% of patients had elevated left ventricular filling before CR against 5.9 % after CR (P 0.000). Conclusion: Cardiac rehabilitation results in significant improvement in both systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in our population subset.
Beyond the usual challenges; a case of incessant papillary muscle VT ablation in an 11.5 kg child
Authors: Eslam Ahmed
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Ablation of papillary muscle ventricular tachycardia (PM-VT) has been associated with unsatisfactory results owing to the complex anatomy &amp; difficulty in maintaining catheter contact and stability. Many more challenges could be faced in pediatrics with small hearts. Objectives: To report incessant PM-VT ablation associated with haemodynamic instability in a 2-year-old child.
Subaortic stenosis due to fibromuscular shelf diagnosed in a 64 years woman with dyspnea
Authors: P Candela
Journal: Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions (2024)

Subaortic stenosis is the second most common form of left ventricolare out flow obstruction. It occurs whe the flow of blood from the heart’s pumping chambre or left ventricle is restricted. This obstruction is in the area of the heart under the aortic valve. There are three types of subaortic stenosis; two of them are associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Subaortic membrane is the most common type. It is a shelf-like membrane that forms under the aortic valve.
Present and future of cancer nano-immunotherapy: opportunities, obstacles and challenges
Authors: Man Wang, Fei Yu, Yuan Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Clinically, multimodal therapies are adopted worldwide for the management of cancer, which continues to be a leading cause of death. In recent years, immunotherapy has firmly established itself as a new paradigm in cancer care that activates the body's immune defense to cope with cancer. Immunotherapy has resulted in significant breakthroughs in the treatment of stubborn tumors, dramatically improving the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Multiple forms of cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines, have become widely available. However, the effectiveness of these immunotherapies is not much satisfying. Many cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapy, and disease recurrence appears to be unavoidable because of the rapidly evolving resistance. Moreover, immunotherapies can give rise to severe off-target immune-related adverse events. Strategies to remove these hindrances mainly focus on the development of combinatorial therapies or the exploitation of novel immunotherapeutic mediations. Nanomaterials carrying anticancer agents to the target site are considered as practical approaches for cancer treatment. Nanomedicine combined with immunotherapies offers the possibility to potentiate systemic antitumor immunity and to facilitate selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells in an effective and safe manner. A myriad of nano-enabled cancer immunotherapies are currently under clinical investigation. Owing to gaps between preclinical and clinical studies, nano-immunotherapy faces multiple challenges, including the biosafety of nanomaterials and clinical trial design. In this review, we provide an overview of cancer immunotherapy and summarize the evidence indicating how nanomedicine-based approaches increase the efficacy of immunotherapies. We also discuss the key challenges that have emerged in the era of nanotechnology-based cancer immunotherapy. Taken together, combination nano-immunotherapy is drawing increasing attention, and it is anticipated that the combined treatment will achieve the desired success in clinical cancer therapy.
Evolving Landscape of Colorectal Cancer: Global and Regional Burden, Risk Factor Dynamics, and Future Scenarios (the Global Burden of Disease 1990-2050)
Authors: Jiajie Zhou, Qizhi Yang, Shuai Zhao, Longhe Sun, Ruiqi Li, Jie Wang, Liuhua Wang, Daorong Wang
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2025)
Therapeutic potential of ketone bodies on exercise intolerance in heart failure: looking beyond the heart
Authors: Shubham Soni, Rachel J Skow, Stephen Foulkes, Mark J Haykowsky, Jason R B Dyck
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2025)

Recent evidence suggests that ketone bodies have therapeutic potential in many cardiovascular diseases including heart failure (HF). Accordingly, this has led to multiple clinical trials that use ketone esters to treat HF patients, which we term ketone therapy. Ketone esters, specifically ketone monoesters, are synthetic compounds which, when consumed, are de-esterified into two β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) molecules and increase the circulating βOHB concentration. While many studies have primarily focused on the cardiac benefits of ketone therapy in HF, ketones can have numerous favorable effects in other organs such as the vasculature and skeletal muscle. Importantly, vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction are also heavily implicated in the reduced exercise tolerance, the hallmark feature in HF with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction, suggesting that some of the benefits observed in HF in response to ketone therapy may involve these non-cardiac pathways. Thus, we review the evidence suggesting how ketone therapy may be beneficial in improving cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in HF and identify various potential mechanisms that may be important in the beneficial non-cardiac effects of ketones in HF.
Preventing unrestricted and unmonitored AI experimentation in healthcare through transparency and accountability
Authors: Donnella S. Comeau, Danielle S. Bitterman, Leo Anthony Celi
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic health records offers potential benefits but raises significant ethical, legal, and operational concerns, including unconsented data use, lack of governance, and AI-related malpractice accountability. Sycophancy, feedback loop bias, and data reuse risk amplifying errors without proper oversight. To safeguard patients, especially the vulnerable, clinicians must advocate for patient-centered education, ethical practices, and robust oversight to prevent harm.
Immune response recalibration using immune therapy and biomimetic nano-therapy against high-grade gliomas and brain metastases
Authors: Puja Sandhbor, Geofrey John, Sakshi Bhat, Jayant S Goda
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2025)

Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation, high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and brain metastases (BM) treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades. However, technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM. Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T targeting, oncolytic virus-based therapy, bispecific antibody treatment, and vaccination approaches, etc., are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient's survival benefits. However, selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), metabolic alteration, and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM. Furthermore, to address this concern, the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years. With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition. These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles, focusing on greater target specificity, increased circulation stability, higher active loading capacity, BBB permeability (inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils), decreased immunogenicity, efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects, and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory, etc. provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM. In this review, we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat and most lethal HGGs and BM. Moreover, the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.
Fiber- and acetate-mediated modulation of MHC-II expression on intestinal epithelium protects from Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: José L Fachi, Sarah de Oliveira, Tihana Trsan, Silvia Penati, Susan Gilfillan, Siyan Cao, Pollyana Ribeiro Castro, Mariane Font Fernandes, Krzysztof L Hyrc, Xiuli Liu, Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues, Bishan Bhattarai, Brian T Layden, Marco Aurélio R Vinolo, Marco Colonna
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2025)

Here, we explore the relationship between dietary fibers, colonic epithelium major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) expression, and immune cell interactions in regulating susceptibility to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We find that a low-fiber diet increases MHC-II expression in the colonic epithelium, which, in turn, worsens CDI by promoting the development of pathogenic CD4+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The influence of dietary fibers on MHC-II expression is mediated by its metabolic product, acetate, and its receptor, free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). While acetate activation of FFAR2 on epithelial cells helps resist CDI, it does not directly regulate MHC-II expression. Instead, MHC-II is regulated by FFAR2 in type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). Acetate enhances interleukin-22 (IL-22) production by ILC3s, which then suppresses MHC-II expression on the colonic epithelium. In conclusion, a low-fiber diet reduces acetate-induced IL-22 production by ILC3s, leading to increased MHC-II on the colonic epithelium. This change affects recovery from CDI by expanding the population of pathogenic CD4+ IELs.
OSMOTIC STRESS INFLUENCES MICROTUBULE DRUG RESPONSE VIA WNK1 KINASE SIGNALING
Authors: Ana Monfort-Vengut, Natalia Sanz-Gómez, Sandra Ballesteros-Sánchez, Beatriz Ortigosa, Aitana Cambón, Maria Ramos, Ángela Montes-San Lorenzo, María Escribano-Cebrián, Juan Manuel Rosa-Rosa, Joaquín Martínez-López, Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto, Rocío Sotillo, Guillermo de Cárcer
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2025)
Genomic and transcriptomic signatures of sequential carcinogenesis from papillary neoplasm to biliary tract cancer
Authors: Taek Chung, Seungho Oh, Jeongsoo Won, Jiho Park, Jeong Eun Yoo, Ho Kyoung Hwang, Gi Hong Choi, Chang Moo Kang, Dai Hoon Han, Sangwoo Kim, Young Nyun Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
A Unified Approach to Health Data Exchange
Authors: Ali B. Abbasi, Jennifer Layden, William Gordon, Susan Gregurick, Nancy DeLew, Jordan Grossman, Arlene S. Bierman, Susan Monarez, Lesley H. Curtis, Abigail H. Viall, Mitra Rocca, Donna R. Rivera, Hilary Marston, Alexandra Mugge, Scott R. Smith, Katherine Bent, James Macrae, Ann Sheehy, Renee D. Wegrzyn, R. Burciaga Valdez, Carole Johnson, Laina Bush, Jonathan Blum, Mandy K. Cohen, Monica M. Bertagnolli, Robert M. Califf, Micky Tripathi
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Health information technology, such as electronic health records (EHRs), has been widely adopted, yet accessing and exchanging data in the fragmented US health care system remains challenging. To unlock the potential of EHR data to improve patient health, public health, and health care, it is essential to streamline the exchange of health data. As leaders across the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), we describe how DHHS has implemented fundamental building blocks to achieve this vision. Across DHHS, we have implemented 3 foundational building blocks called for by the 2016 21st Century Cures Act to create a unified approach for secure, high-quality, and timely exchange of health data across the health care system. The United States Core Data for Interoperability provides a minimum baseline for data elements that must be available in federally regulated health information technology systems such as certified EHRs. These data elements now must be accessible using Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources-a secure, flexible, and open-industry standard for health data exchange. The Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement provides a network to securely exchange health data across the country. The 3 building blocks of United States Core Data for Interoperability, Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources, and Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement are now in place thanks to diligent public and private sector work over 2 administrations. Across DHHS, we are working to refine these building blocks and increase their adoption through regulatory authorities, grants, and public-private partnerships. The technological building blocks described in this article are creating a unified approach to health data exchange for patient access, clinical care, quality improvement, scientific research, public health, and other uses of health data. Collaborations between the public, nonprofit, and private sectors are needed to maximize their potential. By unlocking the potential of health data, these building blocks are the foundation of a 21st-century digital health care system that will improve the experience of patients and clinicians and result in better health outcomes.
Advances in the estimation of body fat percentage using an artificial intelligence 2D-photo method
Authors: Tathiany J. Ferreira, Igor C. Salvador, Carolina R. Pessanha, Renata R. M. da Silva, Aline D. Pereira, Maria A. Horst, Denise P. Carvalho, Josely C. Koury, Anna P. T. R. Pierucci
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

There is a growing need to evaluate the agreement between the field methods and integrate artificial intelligence (AI) using two-dimensional (2D) photos for enhanced real-world analysis. This study evaluated the agreement between AI-2D photos and the clinical reference method, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to estimate the body fat percentage (BFP). Other methods were also investigated, including skinfolds, A-mode ultrasound, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1273 adults of both sexes. The Bland-Altman plots, Lin's Correlation Coefficient of Agreement (CCC), and error analyses were calculated. AI-2D photos demonstrated substantial agreement with DXA presenting the highest agreement (CCC ≥ 0.96) among all the investigated methods. InBody-270 and Omron HBF-514 BIA devices showed moderate agreement (CCC = 0.90 to 0.95) for all participants, age groups >30 years, and body mass index >25 kg/m2. AI-2D photos can be interchangeable with DXA, providing a practical, accessible alternative and an easy-to-use system for BFP estimation.