tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rates of Population-Level Child Sexual Abuse After a Community-Wide Preventive Intervention
Authors: Jennie G. Noll, Johnny Felt, Justin Russotti, Kate Guastaferro, Sunshine Day, Zachary Fisher
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Child sexual abuse (CSA) impacts 15% of girls and 8% of boys worldwide, incurring high public costs and devastating consequences for survivors. US incidence rates have stagnated over the past 15 to 20 years, signaling a dire need for innovation in primary prevention. In 2024, the US Preventive Services Task Force reported that there is insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of child abuse preventive strategies, and none have shown decreases in incidence rates at the population level. Objective To test whether a coordinated, community-wide preventive intervention could significantly reduce population-level incidence rates of CSA. Design, Setting, and Participants This population cohort study used synthetic control methods with a counterfactual condition and CSA incidence data from a statewide child welfare information system. Participants included a population-based sample in the state of Pennsylvania. Intervention From 2018 through 2020, the state of Pennsylvania launched a 3-pronged CSA prevention intervention in 5 counties that included: (1) exposing 5% of the adult population (approximately 72 000) to online and in-person trainings with an accompanying countywide media campaign, (2) delivering a psychoeducation program to 100% of second-grade students (approximately 17 000), and (3) providing parent training to 100% of parents served by the child welfare system (approximately 300). Intervention counties were a priori matched to 1 of 5 control counties based on population size and preintervention CSA rates. Main Outcomes and Measures Aggregate rates of both substantiated and unsubstantiated CSA reports were examined across intervention and control counties for 5 preintervention years and 3 postintervention years. Results Within 1 year of intervention launch, CSA reports were significantly reduced in intervention counties, as compared with control counties for both substantiated (average treatment of the treated [ATT] = −17.22; 95% CI, −34.15 to −4.20) and unsubstantiated reports (ATT = −36.04; 95% CI, −74.40 to −3.88). Conclusions In this evaluation of a place-based, coordinated, countywide intervention, reports of both substantiated and unsubstantiated CSA were shown to be significantly reduced at the population level.
Rural-Urban Disparities in Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality Among US Women
Authors: Trisha L. Amboree, Haluk Damgacioglu, Elizabeth Y. Chiao, Kathleen M. Schmeler, Kalyani Sonawane, Ashish A. Deshmukh, Jane R. Montealegre
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study examines rural-urban disparities in cervical cancer incidence and mortality among US women.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Childhood Islet Autoimmunity
Authors: Gregory J. Walker, Kylie-Ann Mallitt, Maria E. Craig, Pat Ashwood, Simon C. Barry, James D. Brown, Joanna Caguicla, Elizabeth A. Davis, Emma E. Hamilton-Williams, Leonard C. Harrison, Aveni Haynes, Tony Huynh, Guinevere Martin, Kelly J. McGorm, Grant Morahan, Zin Naing, Helena Oakey, Megan A. S. Penno, Andrea Sevendal, Richard O. Sinnott, Georgia Soldatos, Rebecca L. Thomson, Jason Tye-Din, Peter J. Vuillermin, Emily J. Ward, John M. Wentworth, Peter G. Colman, Jennifer J. Couper, Ki Wook Kim, William D. Rawlinson, Fergus Cameron, Andrew Day, Prudence Lopez, Amanda J Anderson, William Hu, Dao Huynh, Kelly Watson, Sarah Beresford, Deborah Bezuidenhout, Susan Brandrick, Carlie Butterworth, Jacki Catteau, Helen Griffiths, Alison Gwiazdzinski, Candice Hall, Amanda Hulley, Lee Henneken, Renee Kludas, Ying Mateevici, Benjamin Ramoso, Alison Roberts, Alexandra Tully, Rosemary Wood, Sabrina Binkowski, Minh Bui, Abbey Gilbert, Dexing Huang, Ana Karceva, Brydie-Rose Mellor, Gaetano Neselli, Katrina Ngui, Trung Nguyen, Bina Patel, Vanessa Prajitno, Natalie Stone, Thao Tran, Sapphire Vaega, Yan Xu, Cynthia Yau, Rachel Battersby, Bek Brittain, Charles Foster, Christopher Hope, Preston Leung, Alexandra Roth-Schulze, Tim Sadlon, Bree Tillett, Ying Y Wong, Enrique Zozaya-Valdes, Leanne Cavenett
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

This cohort study examines whether there is a temporal association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of islet autoimmunity among Australian children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes.
Gut microbiota alterations induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass result in glucose-lowering by enhancing intestinal glucose excretion
Authors: Zhigang Ke, Zongshi Lu, Fan Li, Qingyuan Zhao, Xianhong Jiang, Zhihao Hu, Fang Sun, Zongcheng He, Yi Tang, Qing Li, Stefan van Oostendorp, Xiao Chen, Qiuyue He, Yong Wang, Zhiming Zhu, Weidong Tong
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in glucose-lowering in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may be associated with increased intestinal glucose excretion. However, the contribution of intestinal glucose excretion to glycemic control after RYGB and its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Here, we confirmed that intestinal glucose excretion significantly increased in obese rats after RYGB, which was negatively correlated with postoperative blood glucose levels. Moreover, we also found that the contribution of Biliopancreatic limb length, an important factor affecting glycemic control after RYGB, to the improvement of glucose metabolism after RYGB attributed to the enhancement of intestinal glucose excretion. Subsequently, we further determined through multiple animal models that intestinal glucose excretion is physiological rather than pathological and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. Finally, we employed germ-free mice colonized with fecal samples from patients and rats to demonstrate that enhanced intestinal glucose excretion after RYGB is directly modulated by the surgery-induced changes in the gut microbiota. These results indicated that the gut microbiota plays a direct causal role in the hypoglycemic effect of RYGB by promoting intestinal glucose excretion, which may provide new insights for developing gut microbiota-based therapies for T2DM.
Importance of Arm Position and Cuff Width—Reply
Authors: Hairong Liu, Lawrence J. Appel, Tammy M. Brady
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Child and Neighborhood-Level Factors and Violent Reinjury Among Children With Firearm Injuries
Authors: Samaa Kemal, Matt Hall, Michelle L. Macy, Joel A. Fein, Clemens Noelke, Karen M. Sheehan, Jay G. Berry
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

This cross-sectional study assesses the association between Child Opportunity Index and revisits for violent reinjury among children within 1 year of an index firearm-related injury.
Tele-Buprenorphine Initiations for Opioid Use Disorder Without In-Person Relationships
Authors: Emma E. McGinty, Yimin Ge, Jiani Yu, Kayla N. Tormohlen, Matthew D. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study examines the proportion of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) who initiated buprenorphine treatment without in-person visits under a temporary rule allowing tele-initiation of controlled substances.
Naloxone Knowledge, Carrying, Purchase, and Use
Authors: Mireille Jacobson, David Powell
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Widespread naloxone access is a key policy response to the opioid crisis. Naloxone availability is typically estimated from pharmacy sales, which exclude naloxone provided by community organizations, hospitals, and clinics, or sold over-the-counter. Objective To estimate naloxone knowledge, carrying, purchase, and use among US adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study included noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years and older from a national sample and a sample self-reporting opioid dependence. Respondents answered online questions between June 7 and June 29, 2024, about naloxone knowledge, carrying, purchase, and use. Exposures Opioid misuse, risk of overdose, risk of overdose by person known to respondent. Main Outcomes and Measures Naloxone knowledge, prevalence of naloxone carrying, purchase, and administration. Results The survey included 1515 individuals from a national sample (median [IQR] age, 45 [33-58] years; 770 women [50.8%]; 215 Black [14.2%], 1087 White [71.8%]) and 512 who self-reported opioid dependence. In the national sample, 50 respondents (3.3%) reported opioid dependence, yielding 562 respondents reporting opioid dependence (median [IQR] age, 41 [35-48] years; 404 female [70.2%]; 17 Black [3.0%], 494 White [87.9%]). Overall, 1164 respondents—700 (46.2%) in the national sample and 500 (89.0%) reporting opioid dependence—had heard of naloxone and correctly identified its purpose. One hundred sixty participants (10.6%) in the national sample and 340 participants (60.5%) in the sample reporting opioid dependence reported carrying naloxone. Among those reporting they were “very likely to overdose,” 22 respondents (31.0%) in the national sample and 31 (73.8%) with opioid dependence reported carrying naloxone. Among those who know someone very likely to overdose, 43 participants (25.4%) in the national sample and 190 participants (70.1%) reporting opioid dependence reported carrying naloxone. Among those who ever carried naloxone, 108 (42.4%) in the national sample and 97 (22.6%) reporting opioid dependence had ever purchased naloxone. Overall, 128 respondents (8.4%) in the national sample and 267 respondents (47.5%) reporting opioid dependence reported administering naloxone to someone else while 93 (6.1%) in the national sample and 221 (39.3%) reporting opioid dependence reported being administered naloxone. Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study of naloxone, most respondents reporting opioid dependence correctly identified naloxone’s purpose and carried it. Most naloxone carried was not purchased, suggesting a need for new ways, including rapid online surveys, to monitor naloxone possession.
No Surprises Act Independent Dispute Resolution Outcomes for Air Ambulances
Authors: Erin L. Duffy, Christopher Garmon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance The No Surprises Act (NSA) banned surprise patient balance bills and established a binding arbitration system to resolve payment disputes between insurers and health care providers (eg, clinicians, hospitals, air ambulance organizations) for certain services, including air ambulance transportation. Understanding use and results of this new independent dispute resolution (IDR) system can inform ongoing adjustments to its implementation. Objective To describe the involved parties and outcomes of air ambulance NSA IDR cases. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study assessed cases arbitrated through NSA IDR in 2023 as reported by the Centers for Medicare &amp;amp;amp; Medicaid Services. Participants included air ambulance organizations and commercial insurers. Data were analyzed between August 1 and September 1, 2024. Exposures Fixed-wing and rotary transport disputes arbitrated under the NSA IDR system. Main Outcomes and Measures The activation components of fixed-wing and rotary transport disputes were evaluated with data from 2 distinct public files: (1) disclosed parties and outcomes relative to qualifying payment amounts (QPAs), the insurers’ median of contracted rates for similar services in the region among similar health plans; and (2) monetary measures but without parties. The first file describes the insurers and organizations involved, including their ownership status, as well as the prevailing party and the offers and decisions relative to QPA. The second file describes QPAs, offers, and decisions monetarily and these are compared with Medicare’s urban allowed amount. Results There were 5678 IDR cases in 2023, comprising disputes for 4935 rotary and 743 fixed-wing transports. Air ambulance organizations offered a mean (SD) of 3.18 (4.20) times QPA, and insurers offered 1.39 (3.89) times QPA. Organizations won 4905 cases (86.4%) at a mean (SD) of 2.95 (4.12) times the QPA. A total of 3478 cases (61.3%) involved organizations owned by private equity investors, and these cases had higher prevailing offers relative to the QPA. Due to data suppression, analysis of financial measures was possible for 2897 of 5983 activation cases (48.4%), among which the mean (SD) QPA offer was $15 561.08 ($9730.97) (3.74 [2.31] times Medicare), and the winning offer was $32 463.70 ($9987.17) (7.82 [2.39] times Medicare). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of air ambulance payment disputes, air ambulance organizations won most cases, requiring insurers to pay more in these cases. Notably, the NSA does not require changes to patient cost-sharing based on IDR outcomes. Assessment of the financial metrics and outcomes of air ambulance cases was limited due to missing and masked information. Continued monitoring of air ambulance IDR cases is needed to assess the impacts of the NSA.
Enteric GABAergic neuron-derived γ-aminobutyric acid initiates expression of Igfbp7 to sustain ILC3 homeostasis
Authors: Nian Liu, Jiacheng He, Yanmei Yang, Yunlong Wang, Lingwei Zhang, Ziqi Xiao, Zhen Xiong, Shangxun Zhong, Yuwei Xu, Yang Gu, Jianyi Wang, Yufei Lan, Ying Du, Pingping Zhu, Zhi Zhang, Xinjuan Fan, Benyu Liu, Zusen Fan
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)
Levels of Satisfaction and Regret Are Far From Settled
Authors: Joanne Sinai, Chan Kulatunga-Moruzi, Sarah Jorgensen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Diagnostic Testing for Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Brian C. Callaghan, Evan L. Reynolds, Lavanya Muthukumar, Melissa A. Elafros, Lesli E. Skolarus, James F. Burke, Kevin A. Kerber
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

This cross-sectional study compares the diagnostic testing for patients with peripheral neuropathy of patients from 1998 to 2007 with patients in 2019.
Prior Authorization, Quantity Limits, and Costs for Varenicline in Medicare
Authors: Changchuan Jiang, Ryan D. Nipp, Arthur S. Hong, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Jiazhang Xing, Megan A. Mullins, K. Robin Yabroff, Joshua M. Liao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study of national data on Part D and Medicare Advantage prescription drug plans compares utilization management and plan-level patient out-of-pocket costs for varenicline in smoking cessation treatment.
Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae Associated With <i>Kambo</i> Intoxication
Authors: Ruben Jauregui, Kevin M. Spiegler, Nina Kim
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

This case report describes a 35-year-old female patient experiencing chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms related to kambo , a secretion of the South American giant leaf frog, and noted abnormalities on initial magnetic resonance imaging with subsequent resolution.
A Berberine Derivative for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nestoras Mathioudakis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Linong Ji, MD; Jianhua Ma, MD; Yujin Ma, MD; Zhifeng Cheng, MD; Shenglian Gan, MD; Guoyue Yuan, MD; Dexue Liu, MD; Sheli Li, MD; Yu Liu, MD; Xia Xue, MD; Jie Bai, MD; Kun Wang, MD; Hanqing Cai, MD; Shu Li, MD; Kui Liu, MD; Meng Yu, MSc; Liping Liu, PhD, MBA
Importance of Arm Position and Cuff Width
Authors: Paolo Palatini
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Importance of Arm Position and Cuff Width
Authors: Merrill F. Elias, Craig J. Brown
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Cathepsin K cleavage of Angiopoietin-2 creates detrimental Tie2 antagonist fragments in sepsis
Authors: Takashi Suzuki, Erik Loyde, Sara Chen, Valerie Etzrodt, Temitayo O. Idowu, Amanda J. Clark, Marie Christelle Saade, Brenda Mendoza Flores, Shulin Lu, Gabriel Birrane, Vamsidhara Vemireddy, Benjamin Seeliger, Sascha David, Samir M. Parikh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2025)

Elevated Angiopoietin-2 is associated with diverse inflammatory conditions including sepsis, a leading global cause of mortality. During inflammation, Angiopoietin-2 antagonizes the endothelium-enriched receptor Tie2 to destabilize the vasculature. In other contexts, Angiopoietin-2 stimulates Tie2. The basis for context-dependent antagonism remains incompletely understood. Here we show that inflammation-induced proteolytic cleavage of Angiopoietin-2 converts this ligand from Tie2 agonist to antagonist. Conditioned media from stimulated macrophages induced endothelial Angiopoietin-2 secretion. Unexpectedly, this was associated with reduction of the 75 kDa full-length protein and appearance of new 25 and 50 kDa C-terminal fragments. Peptide sequencing proposed cathepsin K as a candidate protease. Cathepsin K was necessary and sufficient to cleave Angiopoietin-2. Recombinant 25 and 50 kDa Angiopoietin-2 fragments (cANGPT225, cANGPT250) bound and antagonized Tie2. Cathepsin K inhibition with the Phase-3 small molecule inhibitor odanacatib improved survival in distinct murine sepsis models. Full-length Angiopoietin-2 enhanced survival in endotoxemic mice administered odanacatib and, conversely, increased mortality in the drug's absence. Odanacatib's benefit was reversed by heterologous cANGPT225. Septic humans accumulated circulating Angiopoietin-2 fragments, which were associated with adverse outcomes. These results identify cathepsin K as a candidate marker of sepsis and a proteolytic mechanism for the conversion of Angiopoietin-2 from Tie2 agonist to antagonist with therapeutic implications for inflammatory conditions associated with Angiopoietin-2 induction.