tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health and climate policy
Authors: None The Lancet Planetary Health
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing war and conflict, energy price spikes and a cost-of-living crisis in many parts of the world it is perhaps not surprising that recent progress to mitigate climate change and adapt to its consequences has been slowing. Political focus has been drawn in other directions and indeed, several nations have started to backslide on their national emissions commitments, for example, approving new fossil fuel extraction projects. By contrast over this same period the focus on climate in health policy and to a lesser extent the health voice in climate change policy has been growing.
Planetary Health Research Digest
Authors: Cahal McQuillan
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

It is often stated that social media platforms and their algorithms facilitate the spread of misinformation and polarising or otherwise problematic content online. These statements are typically followed with implications that this polarisation is causing an array of the world's social problems—eg, political unrest. However, according to Ceren Budak (University of Michigan School of Information, MI, USA) and colleagues, this might not necessarily be the case; instead they suggest the possibility of correlation, without causation.
Postoperative radiotherapy in women with early operable breast cancer (Scottish Breast Conservation Trial): 30-year update of a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial
Authors: Linda J Williams, Ian H Kunkler, Karen J Taylor, Joanna Dunlop, Tammy Piper, Jacqueline Caldwell, Wilma Jack, Joseph F Loane, Kenneth Elder, John M S Bartlett, J Michael Dixon, David A Cameron
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Graphene oxide-decorated microporous sulfonated polyetheretherketone for guiding osteoporotic bone regeneration
Authors: Chao Yang, Kechao Zhu, Mengqi Cheng, Xiangwei Yuan, Shengjie Wang, Lei Zhang, Xianlong Zhang, Qi Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)

Recent studies have indicated that the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an ideal therapeutic target for osteoporosis because it affects the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. RNA sequencing utilizing multifunctional graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets revealed a correlation between GO nanomaterials and the NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as osteogenic genes in macrophages. This study aimed to construct a bone microenvironment-responsive multifunctional two-dimensional GO coating on the surface of microporous sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) via polydopamine modification (SPEEK@PDA-GO). In vitro analysis showed that the SPEEK@PDA-GO implants weakened the STAT3-mediated NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway in macrophages and subsequently prevented the formation of an extracellular inflammatory microenvironment, which is crucial for osteoclastogenesis. SPEEK@PDA-GO displayed significantly higher expression of M2 macrophage markers and osteogenic genes, indicating that the multifunctional GO nanosheets could facilitate bone regeneration via their immunomodulatory properties. The ability of SPEEK@PDA-GO to stimulate new bone formation and block bone loss caused by estrogen loss due to ovariectomy was also analyzed. The findings of this study offer valuable information on the possible involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the interaction between the immune system and bone health in patients with osteoporosis.
EphA3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells are effective in glioma and generate curative memory T cell responses
Authors: Leesa Lertsumitkul, Melinda Iliopoulos, Stacie S Wang, Sarah J McArthur, Lisa M Ebert, Alexander J Davenport, Raelene Endersby, Jordan R Hansford, Katharine J Drummond, Ryan Cross, Misty R Jenkins
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

High-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) represent the most lethal and aggressive brain cancers where current treatment modalities offer limited efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have emerged as a promising strategy, boasting tumor-specific targeting and the unique ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. However, the effective clinical application hinges on the optimal choice of antigen, with a limited number, currently under investigation. We employed cell surface proteomic analysis of primary human high-grade glioma samples from both adult and pediatric patients. This led to the identification of Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3) as a prevalently expressed target. We engineered a second-generation EphA3-targeted CAR T cell and assessed function using in vitro and in vivo models of GBM and DMG. EphA3-targeted CAR T cells demonstrated robust antigen-specific killing of human GBM and DMG cell lines in vitro. In an orthotopic xenograft NSG mouse model, EphA3-targeted CAR T cells not only effectively eradicated tumors but also established a functional T cell population protective on rechallenge. Remarkably, mice rechallenged with a second contralateral orthotopic tumor implantation achieved complete tumor clearance and maintained a sustained complete response 6 months following initial treatment. Building on the proven safety profile of EphA3 antibodies in clinical settings, our study provides compelling preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of EphA3-targeted CAR T cells against high-grade gliomas. These findings underscore the potential for transitioning this innovative therapy into clinical trials, aiming to revolutionize the treatment landscape for patients afflicted with these formidable brain cancers.
EphA3 CAR T cells are effective against glioblastoma in preclinical models
Authors: Paulo Martins, Rochelle C J D’Souza, Niclas Skarne, Lea Lekieffre, Shane Horsefield, Madusha Ranjankumar, Xiang Li, Thuy T Le, Fiona Smith, Corey Smith, Jacqueline Burrows, Bryan W Day, Rajiv Khanna
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Adoptive T-cell therapy targeting antigens expressed in glioblastoma has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay recurrence and prolong overall survival in this aggressive disease setting. Ephrin receptor A3 (EphA3), which is highly expressed in glioblastoma; in particular, on the tumor vasculature and brain cancer stem cells, is an ideal target for immune-based therapies.
Case 24-2024: A 30-Year-Old Woman with Postpartum Anxiety and Intrusive Thoughts
Authors: Samantha Meltzer-Brody, Lee S Cohen, Emily S Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A 30-year-old woman was evaluated 4 weeks after the birth of her first child because of anxiety and intrusive thoughts of stabbing the infant and visual hallucinations of herself holding a knife. A diagnosis was made.
Nipocalimab in Early-Onset Severe Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn
Authors: Kenneth J. Moise, Leona E. Ling, Dick Oepkes, Eleonor Tiblad, E.J.T. Joanne Verweij, Enrico Lopriore, John Smoleniec, Ulrich J. Sachs, Gregor Bein, Mark D. Kilby, Russell S. Miller, Roland Devlieger, François Audibert, Stephen P. Emery, Kara Markham, Mary E. Norton, Olga Ocón-Hernández, Pranav Pandya, Leonardo Pereira, Robert M. Silver, Rory Windrim, James B. Streisand, Jocelyn H. Leu, Arpana Mirza, Valerie Smith, Lisa B. Schwartz, May Lee Tjoa, Shumyla Saeed-Khawaja, Yosuke Komatsu, James B. Bussel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

In early-onset severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), transplacental transfer of maternal antierythrocyte IgG alloantibodies causes fetal anemia that leads to the use of high-risk intrauterine transfusions in order to avoid fetal hydrops and fetal death. Nipocalimab, an anti-neonatal Fc receptor blocker, inhibits transplacental IgG transfer and lowers maternal IgG levels.
Myeloma Therapy for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Thrombotic Significance
Authors: Giselle Salmasi, David L Murray, Anand Padmanabhan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A patient with serious thrombotic episodes was found to have a monoclonal gammopathy of an anti–PF4 antibody. Myeloma therapy reduced the paraprotein level and prevented further thrombotic events.
Ensuring a Safe and Sufficient Global Blood Supply
Authors: Jeremy W Jacobs, Imelda Bates, Bridon M'baya, Quentin Eichbaum, Vernon J Louw, Arwa Z Al-Riyami, Claude Tayou, Silvano Wendel, Aaron A R Tobian, Evan M Bloch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

There are substantial disparities in the availability and safety of blood between high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. Steps could be taken to prioritize access to transfusion.
Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Two Dairy Farm Workers in Michigan
Authors: Jennifer Morse, Joseph Coyle, Lisa Mikesell, Becky Stoddard, Seth Eckel, Meghan Weinberg, Jeremy Kuo, Diana Riner, Katie Margulieux, Jalen Stricklen, Matthew Dover, Krista L Kniss, Yunho Jang, Marie K Kirby, Julia C Frederick, Kristine A Lacek, C Todd Davis, Timothy M Uyeki, Sarah Lyon-Callo, Natasha Bagdasarian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)
Inhibiting IgG in Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus
Authors: Emeline Maisonneuve, Alice Panchaud, David Baud
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

This editorial describes the science behind a study of the monoclonal antibody nipocalimab to postpone or prevent intrauterine transfusion in pregnancies at high risk for early-onset severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn.
CAHtalyzing Change in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Wiebke Arlt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an inborn condition caused by a group of autosomal recessive disorders that disrupt cortisol biosynthesis, resulting in primary adrenal insufficiency.1 More than 95% of cases are caused by mutations in the gene encoding 21-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the prefinal step of cortisol biosynthesis by converting 17-hydroxyprogesterone into 11-deoxycortisol. The resulting lack of cortisol activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, which increases hypothalamic release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). This activity binds pituitary CRH receptors, thereby increasing the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In the adrenal cortex, ACTH binds and activates the melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R) and . . .
Type 2 Diabetes in Patients with G6PD Deficiency
Authors: Ariel Israel, Itamar Raz, Shlomo Vinker, Eli Magen, Ilan Green, Avivit Golan-Cohen, Matitiahu Berkovitch, Eugene Merzon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

In a cohort study, glycated hemoglobin levels markedly underestimated glucose levels in patients with G6PD deficiency, which indicates that this marker may be unreliable for diagnosis and management of diabetes in this population.
Association between longitudinal biomarkers and major adverse liver outcomes in patients with non-cirrhotic metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Ying Shang, Camilla Akbari, Maja Dodd, Xiao Zhang, Tongtong Wang, Thomas Jemielita, Gail Fernandes, Samuel S. Engel, Patrik Nasr, Johan Vessby, Fredrik Rorsman, Stergios Kechagias, Per Stål, Mattias Ekstedt, Hannes Hagström
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Noninvasive biomarkers provide prognostic information for the development of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) in patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), but the predictive value of longitudinal biomarker measurements has not been evaluated. We assessed whether changes in biomarkers could predict incident MALO in MASLD. Approach and Results: We analyzed a cohort of 1260 patients (71.7% on biopsy) with non-cirrhotic MASLD between 1974 and 2019. Data at baseline and follow-up visits were obtained from medical charts. MALO was determined through medical charts and linkage to national registers until the end of 2020. A joint modeling approach was used to quantify the associations between the trajectory of biomarkers and the risk of MALO. MASLD was diagnosed at a median age of 52 years (IQR: 39–60), and 59% were male. During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, 111 (8.8%) patients developed MALO. The joint modeling showed that an elevated fibrosis-4 score (HR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.89–3.50), aspartate aminotransferase (HR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.57–3.05), and lower platelet count (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.90–0.97) at any time point were associated with an increased risk of MALO, whereas the rate of change in these biomarkers had no association with this risk. Conclusions: In addition to baseline measurements of noninvasive biomarkers such as fibrosis-4 score, aspartate aminotransferase, and platelets taken at MASLD diagnosis, monitoring their values over time is important, as the latest value of these biomarkers is closely associated with the risk of future MALO. The rate of change may not be as important.
Artificial intelligence in plant breeding
Authors: Muhammad Amjad Farooq, Shang Gao, Muhammad Adeel Hassan, Zhangping Huang, Awais Rasheed, Sarah Hearne, Boddupalli Prasanna, Xinhai Li, Huihui Li
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2024)

Harnessing cutting-edge technologies to enhance crop productivity is a pivotal goal in modern plant breeding. Artificial intelligence (AI) is renowned for its prowess in big data analysis and pattern recognition, and is revolutionizing numerous scientific domains including plant breeding. We explore the wider potential of AI tools in various facets of breeding, including data collection, unlocking genetic diversity within genebanks, and bridging the genotype–phenotype gap to facilitate crop breeding. This will enable the development of crop cultivars tailored to the projected future environments. Moreover, AI tools also hold promise for refining crop traits by improving the precision of gene-editing systems and predicting the potential effects of gene variants on plant phenotypes. Leveraging AI-enabled precision breeding can augment the efficiency of breeding programs and holds promise for optimizing cropping systems at the grassroots level. This entails identifying optimal inter-cropping and crop-rotation models to enhance agricultural sustainability and productivity in the field.
Corticosteroids for Immune-Related Adverse Events and Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy: Analysis of Six Clinical Trials
Authors: Rik J. Verheijden, Jolien S. de Groot, Babs O. Fabriek, Miki N. Hew, Anne M. May, Karijn P.M. Suijkerbuijk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Retrospective studies suggest that immunosuppressive treatment of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) impairs survival in patients with melanoma who received immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here, we study this association across tumor types using data from six international phase II/III registrational trials.
Comments and Controversies in Oncology: The Tribulations of Trials Developing ONC201
Authors: Jordan R. Hansford, Gauthier Bouche, Vijay Ramaswamy, Nada Jabado, Adriana Fonseca, Sam Moloney, Nicholas G. Gottardo, Giles W. Robinson, Amar Gajjar, Christopher L. Tinkle, Paul G. Fisher, Nicholas Foreman, David M. Ashley, David S. Ziegler, David D. Eisenstat, Maura Massimino, Olaf Witt, Ute Bartels, Stefan Rutkowski, Darren Hargrave, Maryam Fouladi, Stefan M. Pfister, Eric Bouffet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Our international team highlights issues with efficacy reports in several studies on DMG with the new drug ONC201.
Continuous low water pressure dissection technique minimizing air bubbles during underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Mitsuru Nagata
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (UESD) in saline offers several advantages [1] [2]. However, air bubbles generated during UESD can impair the visual field, particularly when they accumulate in the hood. To address this issue, outlets can be introduced on the side of the hood to facilitate air bubble removal [3] [4]. Nevertheless, air bubbles accumulate in the hood in cases where the lesion is located opposite to gravity, the tissue obstructs the air bubble outlet, or large air bubbles form. This repeatedly necessitates the use of the waterjet function of the endoscope to flush out the air bubbles. Under saline, air bubbles are generated by the evaporation of saline caused by the energization of the electrosurgical knife, which creates a "vapor pocket" that enables the knife to perform dissection [5]. Continuous high water pressure can make dissection difficult by hindering the formation of a sufficient vapor pocket, whereas continuous low water pressure helps maintain dissection power while minimizing and removing air bubbles. Therefore, we propose the continuous low water pressure dissection technique (CDT), which helps maintain the visual field during UESD ([Fig. 1]).
Transluminal opening technique for multiple septa in liver abscess using novel cholangioscope
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Yuki Uba, Nobuhiro Hattori, Kimi Bessho, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The gold standard technique for liver abscess drainage is the percutaneous transhepatic approach [1]; however, endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver abscess drainage (EUS-LAD) has been reported [2] [3] [4] [5] to overcome several disadvantages of percutaneous transhepatic liver abscess drainage, including external drainage or the risk of self-tube removal. However, if the liver abscess has multiple septa, the drainage effect after EUS-LAD might be limited. Several techniques, such as guidewire manipulation, can be used to divide the septa. However, breaking the septum might be challenging in cases with thick-walled septa. In addition, if a blood vessel is present in the septal wall, the procedure carries the risk of bleeding.
Balloon catheter-assisted rescue for misplacement of lumen-apposing stent across the pylorus in endoscopic ultrasound-guided transduodenal drainage of walled-off necrosis
Authors: Min Jae Yang, Woohyun Cho, Jae Chul Hwang, Byung Moo Yoo, Jin Hong Kim, Eun Ji Shin
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

A 57-year-old man presented with a walled-off necrosis after endoscopic papillectomy. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transduodenal drainage was attempted using a lumen-apposing metal stent (SPAXUS; TaeWoong Medical, Gimpo-si, South Korea) [1]. The proximal flange was deployed in the necrotic cavity and an enteral flange was deployed within the working channel of the echoendoscope. The stent was ejected from the working channel by pushing the stent delivery system. However, the enteral flange was positioned in the gastric antrum across the pyloric ring because the endoscope tip in the duodenum moved backward into the gastric antrum due to the reaction force generated by pushing the stent delivery system to eject the intrascope channel stent portion ([Fig. 1], [Fig. 2] a).
Gel immersion endoscopy for evaluation of a gastric submucosal tumor during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration
Authors: Koichi Soga, Takeshi Fujiwara, Fuki Hayakawa, Ryosuke Oura, Ikuhiro Kobori, Masaya Tamano
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Gel immersion is a well-known and useful method for performing endoscopic procedures. Viscoclear gel (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Tokushima, Japan) is used to secure the visual field and prevent rapid runoff through the appropriate viscosity [1]. After injection of the clear gel, instead of water, into the gastrointestinal lumen, the visual field can be secured within the space occupied by the gel. We present the evaluation and diagnosis of a gastric submucosal tumor using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and the gel immersion method. We considered that, unlike water, the gel helped effectively visualize the gastric submucosal tumor on EUS ([Video 1]).
Successful observation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in the accessory pancreatic duct using a novel peroral pancreatoscopy
Authors: Jun Noda, Yuichi Takano, Masataka Yamawaki, Tetsushi Azami, Fumitaka Niiya, Fumiya Nishimoto, Masatsugu Nagahama
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The utility of a peroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) system for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) has been widely reported [1]. However, accessing the accessory pancreatic duct using POPS from the major papilla is considered challenging due to the steep angle. We successfully employed a novel POPS system (eyeMax; Microtech Endoscopy, Nanjing, China) ([Fig. 1]) for the observation and biopsy of an IPMN in the accessory pancreatic duct from the major papilla.
Rescue endoscopic treatment with completion by radical surgery following misplacement of a partially covered metal stent in an anastomotic fistula post-Lewis Santy esophagectomy
Authors: Pierre Mayer, Lucile Héroin, François Habersetzer, Pierre-Yves Christmann, Jérôme Huppertz, Leonardo Sosa-Valencia, Abdenor Badaoui
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Curative management of esophageal adenocarcinoma is based on esophagectomy. One of the main complications is anastomotic fistula (30%) [1], which is responsible for significant postoperative morbidity and mortality, as well as reduced survival [2]. In recent years, endoscopic treatment of anastomotic fistulas has become a valuable option, enabling closure of the fistula and a reduction in the mortality rate [3] [4].
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticojejunostomy for complete biliary anastomotic stricture: the echo-free space technique for scope insertion in surgically altered anatomy
Authors: Michihito Kono, Shunsuke Omoto, Mamoru Takenaka, Akito Furuta, Shunsuke Ogata, Taro Inoue, Wataru Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Postoperative biliary strictures are estimated to occur in 2.6% of patients. When endoscopic treatment is difficult, they can be treated with endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticojejunostomy (EUS-HJS) using a forward-viewing linear endoscope [1] [2] [3] [4]. However, in many institutions, the forward-viewing scope is not readily available, making immediate intervention difficult. We have developed a safe and reliable method for inserting a side-viewing linear endoscope using the "echo-free space" technique [5].
Novel thin endoscope enables endoscopic submucosal dissection without retroflexion for tumor involving the whole pyloric ring
Authors: Daisuke Minezaki, Teppei Akimoto, Teppei Masunaga, Naohisa Yahagi, Motohiko Kato
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The narrow lumen of the pyloric ring and the duodenal bulb greatly restrict the maneuverability of an endoscope. In the forward view, the steep angle of the back side of the pyloric ring makes it difficult to approach the lesion extending to the back side of the pyloric ring [1] [2] [3]. Thus, retroflexion is often used during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for the lesions located there. However, it is difficult to handle the endoscope in retroflexion due to the narrow space. The recently developed therapeutic endoscope, the EG-840TP (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan), has the outer diameter to 7.9 mm with a downward angle of 160° ([Fig. 1] a, b). Herein, we report a successful case of ESD for gastric cancer surrounding the entire pyloric ring employing this endoscope with a novel strategy ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic vacuum therapy of a refractory esophagopleural fistula in a patient with Boerhaave syndrome, using an innovative hybrid stent
Authors: Ivo Mendes, Gonçalo Nunes, Francisco Vara-Luiz, João Vaz, Carlos Luz, Jorge Fonseca, Pedro Pinto-Marques
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Esophageal perforation has a high morbidity and mortality [1]. Endoscopic treatments include the use of self-expanding metal stents (SEMSs) and endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT). Recently, an innovative hybrid stent combining both approaches, the VAC Stent (MicroTech), has been approved [2].