tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Schistosome and malaria exposure and urban–rural differences in vaccine responses in Uganda: a causal mediation analysis using data from three linked randomised controlled trials
Authors: Agnes Natukunda, Gyaviira Nkurunungi, Ludoviko Zirimenya, Jacent Nassuuna, Christopher Zziwa, Caroline Ninsiima, Josephine Tumusiime, Ruth Nyanzi, Milly Namutebi, Fred Kiwudhu, Govert J van Dam, Paul L A M Corstjens, Robert Kizindo, Ronald Nkangi, Joyce Kabagenyi, Beatrice Nassanga, Stephen Cose, Anne Wajja, Pontiano Kaleebu, Alison M Elliott, Emily L Webb
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)
Genetic and developmental divergence in the neural crest program between cichlid fish species
Authors: Aleksandra Marconi, Grégoire Vernaz, Achira Karunaratna, Maxon J Ngochera, Richard Durbin, M Emília Santos
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Neural crest (NC) is a vertebrate-specific embryonic progenitor cell population at the basis of important vertebrate features such as the craniofacial skeleton and pigmentation patterns. Despite the wide-ranging variation of NC-derived traits across vertebrates, the contribution of NC to species diversification remains underexplored. Here, leveraging the adaptive diversity of African Great Lakes' cichlid species, we combined comparative transcriptomics and population genomics to investigate the evolution of the NC genetic program in the context of their morphological divergence. Our analysis revealed substantial differences in transcriptional landscapes across somitogenesis, an embryonic period coinciding with NC development and migration. This included dozens of genes with described functions in the vertebrate NC gene regulatory network, several of which showed signatures of positive selection. Among candidates showing between-species expression divergence, we focused on teleost-specific paralogs of the NC-specifier sox10 (sox10a and sox10b) as prime candidates to influence NC development. These genes, expressed in NC cells, displayed remarkable spatio-temporal variation in cichlids, suggesting their contribution to interspecific morphological differences, such as craniofacial structures and pigmentation. Finally, through CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we demonstrated the functional divergence between cichlid sox10 paralogs, with the acquisition of a novel skeletogenic function by sox10a. When compared with teleost models zebrafish and medaka, our findings reveal that sox10 duplication, although retained in most teleost lineages, had variable functional fates across their phylogeny. Altogether, our study suggests that NC-related processes—particularly those controlled by sox10s—are involved in generating morphological diversification between species and lays the groundwork for further investigations into the mechanisms underpinning vertebrate NC diversification.
A National Study of the Associations between Hormonal Modulators in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Chemicals and Birth Outcomes in the United States of America: A County-Level Analysis
Authors: Ella M. Poole, Mary Regina Boland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) due to hydraulic fracturing (HF) exposure is a growing concern. Regional studies have demonstrated links, but results are often contradictory among studies.
The Role of CAR T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Adult B-ALL
Authors: Tamer Othman, Aaron C. Logan, Lori Muffly, Jessica Leonard, Jae Park, Bijal Shah, Ibrahim Aldoss
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

CAR T-cell therapy is a recent therapeutic advancement that has transformed the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To date, there are 2 FDA-approved CAR-T products for R/R B-ALL: tisagenlecleucel in patients aged &lt;26 years and brexucabtagene autoleucel in those aged ≥18 years. This review summarizes the pivotal clinical trials that led to FDA approval of these 2 products and highlight emerging data addressing key questions pertinent to CAR-T utilization in the rapidly evolving landscape of R/R ALL management. These include optimal sequencing of CAR-T among other novel immunotherapeutic agents, the role of consolidation and maintenance following CAR-T, novel CAR-T constructs currently under clinical development, and strategies to optimize use of commercially available CAR-T products to improve patient outcomes.
Rehabilitation in Oncology Care Guidelines: A Gap Analysis
Authors: Cristina Kline-Quiroz, Cody Andrews, Patrick Martone, James Thomas Pastrnak, Katherine Power, Sean R. Smith, Eric Wisotzky
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Cancer survivors experience a high prevalence of functional impairments. Rehabilitation interventions include an expansive array of services that can help optimize function, address pain, decrease symptom burden, and improve quality of life. Nonetheless, rehabilitation services remain underutilized. Thus, it is important to enhance the understanding of and establish guidelines for specific rehabilitation disciplines and interventions.
Sympathetic Blockade for Pain Associated With Nonaxial Bone Lesions in Patients With Cancer: An Uncontrolled Cohort
Authors: Carlos J. Roldan, Alice L. Ye, Edward Podgorski, Jonathan Song, Matthew Chung, Billy Huh
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Cancer-related bone pain remains a prevalent and frequently incapacitating ailment. Although conventional approaches effectively alleviate pain in most individuals, a subset of patients may continue to experience intractable pain. Current recommendations for treating cancer-related bone pain include oral analgesics and multimodal adjuvants, radiation therapy, and, in selected cases, intrathecal therapy. Cancer-related bone pain is mediated by a proliferation of sensory and sympathetic fibers. Thus, we believe that this pain can be successfully managed with minimally invasive sympathetic blockade (SB).
Tailoring Escalation Adjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the CBCSG010 Clinical Trial Biomarker Analysis
Authors: Wenya Wu, Yunsong Yang, Wentao Yang, Da Pang, Yunjiang Liu, Yuan Sheng, Xinzheng Li, Shiyou Yu, Yali Cao, Guoqin Jiang, Feng Jin, Binlin Ma, Junjie Li, Zhiming Shao
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease. The CBCSG010 trial is a prospective and multicenter phase III clinical trial confirming that adding adjuvant capecitabine significantly improved the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate in patients with TNBC by 5.9%. In this study, we attempted to identify the specific population that benefited from adjuvant therapy.
Systemic Therapy Options for Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: Tawee Tanvetyanon, George R. Simon
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Peritoneal mesothelioma is an uncommon malignancy affecting approximately 300 new patients annually in the United States. Due to its low incidence, prospective clinical trials specific to this disease are scant. Recommendations regarding systemic therapy are mostly extrapolated from clinical trials conducted among patients with pleural mesothelioma. At present, the recommended first-line systemic treatment options may include immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab or chemotherapy with pemetrexed plus either cisplatin or carboplatin. For second-line treatment, the other previously unchosen first-line option can be used. Off-label bevacizumab may be considered in combination with chemotherapy among carefully selected patients. The benefit of third-line treatment or beyond is less clear. Nonetheless, a number of single-agent regimens show modest activity. Anecdotal reports of children or young adults with peritoneal mesothelioma harboring ALK rearrangement have suggested the efficacy of ALK inhibitors for this rare population. In summary, there is a growing number of systemic therapy options for peritoneal mesothelioma. To gain a better insight into this disease, future prospective trials in mesothelioma should include more patients with peritoneal mesothelioma.
NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Ovarian Cancer/Fallopian Tube Cancer/Primary Peritoneal Cancer, Version 3.2024
Authors: Joyce Liu, Andrew Berchuck, Floor J. Backes, Joshua Cohen, Rachel Grisham, Charles A. Leath, Lainie Martin, Daniela Matei, David S. Miller, Sharon Robertson, Lisa Barroilhet, Shitanshu Uppal, Andrea Wahner Hendrickson, David M. Gershenson, Heidi J. Gray, Ardeshir Hakam, Angela Jain, Gottfried E. Konecny, John Moroney, Elena Ratner, John Schorge, Premal H. Thaker, Theresa L. Werner, Emese Zsiros, Kian Behbakht, Lee-May Chen, Marie DeRosa, Eric L. Eisenhauer, Gary Leiserowitz, Babak Litkouhi, Michael McHale, Sanja Percac-Lima, Kerry Rodabaugh, Roberto Vargas, Frankie Jones, Emily Kovach, Lisa Hang, Swathi Ramakrishnan, Ronald D. Alvarez, Deborah K. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The NCCN Guidelines for Ovarian Cancer/Fallopian Tube Cancer/Primary Peritoneal Cancer provide multidisciplinary diagnostic workup, staging, and treatment recommendations for this disease. These NCCN Guidelines Insights detail how the evolution of the use of PARP inhibitors as maintenance and single-agent regimens for the treatment of ovarian cancer informed panel recommendations in the guidelines.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Time to Ovarian Cancer Surgery in Patients at an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Amrita Mukherjee, Devansu Tewari, Rombod Rahimian, Qiaoling Chen, Michael Batech, Patricia Wride, Sandra Sappington, Chun R. Chao
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Background: Disparities in ovarian cancer survival for African American women are multifactorial. We evaluated racial and ethnic differences in time to ovarian cancer surgery in members of an integrated health care system. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we identified women diagnosed with invasive epithelial-type ovarian cancer between January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2014, at an integrated health care system in the United States. We extracted data on cancer-related variables and sociodemographic variables from the health care system’s cancer registry and electronic health records. We included patients who received ovarian cancer surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We defined time to surgery as the number of days between diagnostic imaging study and surgery. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate crude and adjusted association of race and ethnicity with time to surgery. Results: Of 872 patients included, 55.1% were non-Hispanic White (hereafter, White), 24.9% were Hispanic, 14.6% were Asian/Pacific Islander (PI)/Native American, and 5.5% were African American. Median age at diagnosis was 59.0 years. African American patients were diagnosed at an older age and were more likely to come from deprived neighborhoods than other racial and ethnic groups. Median time to surgery was longer for African American patients compared with White, Hispanic, and Asian/PI/Native American patients (median days: 27.5 vs 21.0, 24.5, and 26.0, respectively; P &lt;.0001). In adjusted models, the likelihood of having received surgery at any given time post diagnostic imaging was 31% lower for African American patients compared with White patients (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51–0.93). This likelihood was also lower for Hispanic and Asian/PI/Native American patients, but not statistically significant. Conclusions : Our findings showed that patients with ovarian cancer from racial and ethnic minorities had a lower likelihood of having received surgery at any given time post diagnostic imaging compared with White patients, demonstrating that racial and ethnic differences exist in time to ovarian cancer surgery in patients with relatively equal access to care.
Impact of a Comprehensive Financial Navigation Intervention to Reduce Cancer-Related Financial Toxicity
Authors: Stephanie B. Wheeler, Michelle L. Manning, Mindy Gellin, Neda Padilla, Lisa P. Spees, Caitlin B. Biddell, Victoria Petermann, Allison Deal, Cindy Rogers, Julia Rodriguez-O’Donnell, Cleo Samuel-Ryals, Katherine Reeder-Hayes, Donald L. Rosenstein
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Background: Although the need to reduce the impact of financial toxicity among patients with cancer is widely acknowledged, few interventions have been developed to address this issue. We tested a novel, multiphase, patient-centered financial navigation (FN) intervention at a large academic medical center. Methods: We developed a financial toxicity screening tool consisting of the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) measure plus several additional items based on patient feedback. After systematizing the screening process, 50 patients from the North Carolina Basnight Cancer Hospital were enrolled in the FN intervention following a positive screen for financial distress (COST score &lt;23). The FN intervention involved one-on-one consultations with a trained financial navigator and included an initial comprehensive intake appointment to determine patient eligibility for financial assistance and follow-up appointments to discuss paperwork and application(s) status. We assessed preliminary intervention effectiveness (preintervention and postintervention COST scores) and implementation (ie, fidelity, uptake, acceptability). Results: All 50 patients assessed for study eligibility screened positive for financial distress. A total of 46 patients completed both the preintervention and postintervention COST instrument and other measures. Postintervention mean COST scores improved from 6.4 at baseline to 13.3 post-FN ( P &lt;.0001), indicating a significant decrease in perceived financial toxicity. Fidelity to the intervention was high and 96% of participants received financial assistance. Conclusions: A patient-centered FN intervention fully integrated into an existing care coordination model can help to decrease the burden of cancer-related financial toxicity among patients with cancer experiencing financial distress. Further studies are needed to test FN interventions in various oncology settings and among targeted populations.
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Version 2.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Bijal Shah, Ryan J. Mattison, Ramzi Abboud, Peter Abdelmessieh, Ibrahim Aldoss, Patrick W. Burke, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Shira Dinner, Amir T. Fathi, Jordan Gauthier, Michael Haddadin, Nitin Jain, Brian Jonas, Suzanne Kirby, Michaela Liedtke, Mark Litzow, Aaron Logan, Meixiao Long, Selina Luger, James K. Mangan, Stephanie Massaro, William May, Olalekan Oluwole, Jae Park, Amanda Przespolewski, Sravanti Rangaraju, Caner Saygin, Marc Schwartz, Paul Shami, Benjamin Tomlinson, Jonathan Webster, Ajibola Awotiwon, Katie Stehman
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) provide recommendations for management of ALL, with a focus on the classification of ALL subtypes based on immunophenotype and cytogenetic/molecular markers; risk assessment and stratification for risk-adapted therapy; treatment strategies for Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and Ph-negative ALL for both adolescent and young adult and adult patients; and supportive care considerations. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for ALL focuses on treatment recommendations for adults with newly diagnosed Ph-negative ALL based on current evidence.
Cryoglobulinemia — One Name for Two Diseases
Authors: Patrice Cacoub, Matheus Vieira, David Saadoun
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Cryoglobulinemia is caused by the precipitation of immunoglobulin molecules when plasma or blood cools to 4°C. The term is routinely applied to two distinct disease entities that need to be distinguished from one another.
Phase 3 Trial of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nicholas van As, Clare Griffin, Alison Tree, Jaymini Patel, Peter Ostler, Hans van der Voet, Andrew Loblaw, William Chu, Daniel Ford, Shaun Tolan, Suneil Jain, Philip Camilleri, Kiran Kancherla, John Frew, Andrew Chan, Olivia Naismith, John Armstrong, John Staffurth, Alexander Martin, Ian Dayes, Paula Wells, Derek Price, Emily Williamson, Julia Pugh, Georgina Manning, Stephanie Brown, Stephanie Burnett, Emma Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is noninferior to conventionally or moderately hypofractionated regimens with respect to biochemical or clinical failure in patients with localized prostate cancer is unclear.
Case 32-2024: A 72-Year-Old Woman with Dyspnea, Dysphagia, and Dysarthria
Authors: Stephanie V Sherman, Lucas X Marinacci, Sandra P Rincon, Elizabeth M Raynor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A 72-year-old woman with a history of dyspnea on exertion and edema in both legs was admitted to the hospital with dysarthria and rapidly evolving respiratory failure. A diagnosis was made.
HIV-Positive Organ Donation as Standard of Care in Transplantation
Authors: Elmi Muller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

For as long as we have had historical records, infectious-disease pandemics have brought defining moments to our lives, reshaping our world and forcing us to adapt in ways we could never have imagined. The Black Death of 1348 decimated over a third of Europe's population, a catastrophe of unprecedented scale that reshaped the course of history.1 A few centuries later, we gained a similar historical perspective on at least two pandemics that shaped our modern-day lives — HIV and Covid-19. Throughout history, society's response to pandemics has followed a familiar and troubling pattern — denial, blame, and mistrust within the . . .
Safety of Kidney Transplantation from Donors with HIV
Authors: Christine M Durand, Allan Massie, Sander Florman, Tao Liang, Meenakshi M Rana, Rachel Friedman-Moraco, Alexander Gilbert, Peter Stock, Sapna A Mehta, Shikha Mehta, Valentina Stosor, Marcus R Pereira, Michele I Morris, Jonathan Hand, Saima Aslam, Maricar Malinis, Ghady Haidar, Catherine B Small, Carlos A Q Santos, Joanna Schaenman, John Baddley, David Wojciechowski, Emily A Blumberg, Karthik Ranganna, Oluwafisayo Adebiyi, Nahel Elias, Jose A Castillo-Lugo, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Senu Apewokin, Diane Brown, Darin Ostrander, Yolanda Eby, Niraj Desai, Fizza Naqvi, Serena Bagnasco, Natasha Watson, Erica Brittain, Jonah Odim, Andrew D Redd, Aaron A R Tobian, Dorry L Segev
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

BackgroundKidney transplantation from donors with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to recipients with HIV is an emerging practice. It has been performed since 2016 under the U.S. congressional HIV Organ Policy Equity Act and is currently approved for research only. The Department of Health and Human Services is considering expanding the procedure to clinical practice, but data are limited to small case series that did not include donors without HIV as controls.MethodsIn an observational study conducted at 26 U.S. centers, we compared transplantation of kidneys from deceased donors with HIV and donors without HIV to recipients with HIV. The primary outcome was a safety event (a composite of death from any cause, graft loss, serious adverse event, HIV breakthrough infection, persistent failure of HIV treatment, or opportunistic infection), assessed for noninferiority (margin for the upper bound of the 95% confidence interval, 3.00). Secondary outcomes included overall survival, survival without graft loss, rejection, infection, cancer, and HIV superinfection.ResultsWe enrolled 408 transplantation candidates, of whom 198 received a kidney from a deceased donor; 99 received a kidney from a donor with HIV and 99 from a donor without HIV. The adjusted hazard ratio for the composite primary outcome was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.38), which showed noninferiority. The following secondary outcomes were similar whether the donor had HIV or not: overall survival at 1 year (94% vs. 95%) and 3 years (85% vs. 87%), survival without graft loss at 1 year (93% vs. 90%) and 3 years (84% vs. 81%), and rejection at 1 year (13% vs. 21%) and 3 years (21% vs. 24%). The incidence of serious adverse events, infections, surgical or vascular complications, and cancer was similar in the groups. The incidence of HIV breakthrough infection was higher among recipients of kidneys from donors with HIV (incidence rate ratio, 3.14; 95%, CI, 1.02 to 9.63), with one potential HIV superinfection among the 58 recipients in this group with sequence data and no persistent failures of HIV treatment.ConclusionsIn this observational study of kidney transplantation in persons with HIV, transplantation from donors with HIV appeared to be noninferior to that from donors without HIV. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03500315.)
Retraction Note: Aging exacerbates the brain inflammatory micro-environment contributing to α-synuclein pathology and functional deficits in a mouse model of DLB/PD
Authors: Michiyo Iba, Ross A. McDevitt, Changyoun Kim, Roshni Roy, Dimitra Sarantopoulou, Ella Tommer, Byron Siegars, Michelle Sallin, Somin Kwon, Jyoti Misra Sen, Ranjan Sen, Eliezer Masliah
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2024)

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-022-00564-6.
RENOIR Trial — RSVpreF Vaccine Efficacy over Two Seasons
Authors: Edward E Walsh, Gonzalo Pérez Marc, Ann R Falsey, Qin Jiang, Daniel Eiras, Michael Patton, Fernando P Polack, Conrado Llapur, Pablo A Doreski, Agnieszka M Zareba, Kumar Ilangovan, Mika Rämet, Yasushi Fukushima, Nazreen Hussen, Louis J Bont, Jose Cardona, Elliot DeHaan, Tarek Mikati, Rupal N Shah, Katherine Schneider, David Cooper, Kenneth Koury, Maria-Maddalena Lino, Annaliesa S Anderson, Kathrin U Jansen, Kena A Swanson, William C Gruber, Beate Schmoele-Thoma, Alejandra Gurtman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Respiratory syncytial virus remains a serious cause of illness in older persons. In this follow-up report of the RENOIR trial, efficacy of the RSVpreF vaccine is assessed over a second season.
Critical Health Care Challenges for the Next U.S. President
Authors: Robert J Blendon, David Blumenthal, Sherry Glied, Benjamin D Sommers, Meredith B Rosenthal, J Michael McWilliams, Stacie B Dusetzina, Jose F Figueroa, Ruqaiijah Yearby, Marcella Alsan, Jane J Kim, Eric J Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)