tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Subsequent Vitiligo in Transplant Recipients With Comorbid Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Chul Hwan Bang, Hae Eun Park, Yeong Ho Kim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Ji Hyun Lee, Young Min Park, Ju Hee Han
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

Importance Vitiligo is a multifactorial, depigmenting skin disorder characterized by selective loss of melanocytes. Large-scale studies are lacking to determine the risk of vitiligo in transplant recipients with graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Objective To investigate the incidence rates and risk of vitiligo in patients who had received solid organ transplant (SOT) or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) overall and by HSCT graft type and concomitant GVHD. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study included data from the National Health Insurance Service database of Korea for patients aged 20 years or older who had received a transplant (SOT or HSCT) between January 2010 and December 2017, with follow-up until December 2019. A cohort of age- and sex-matched (1:5) control individuals who did not receive a transplant was included for comparison. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to December 2021. Exposure Transplant (SOT or HSCT) and GVHD. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was risk of vitiligo, assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results The study included 23 829 patients who had undergone SOT or HSCT (62.78% male; mean [SD] age, 49.58 [11.59] years) and 119 145 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients who had undergone transplant had a significantly higher risk of vitiligo compared with controls (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.73; 95% CI, 1.35-2.22). Risk of vitiligo was also slightly higher in kidney transplant recipients and liver transplant recipients compared with the controls but was highest in HSCT recipients (AHR, 12.69; 95% CI, 5.11-31.50). Patients who had received allogeneic grafts (AHR, 14.43; 95% CI, 5.61-37.15), those who had received autologous grafts (AHR, 5.71; 95% CI, 1.20-3.18), those with comorbid GVHD (AHR, 24.09; 95% CI, 9.16-63.35), and those without GVHD (AHR, 8.21; 95% CI, 3.08-21.87) had a higher risk of vitiligo compared with controls. Conclusion and Relevance In this study, risk of vitiligo was significantly higher in transplant recipients, especially in HSCT recipients and those with allogeneic grafts or comorbid GVHD. These findings provide new insights into the association between the risk of vitiligo and transplant and GVHD. Clinicians should be aware of these risks, implementing a multidisciplinary approach for monitoring.
Percutaneous Creation of Gastrointestinal Anastomosis—An Emerging Frontier
Authors: Erez Klein, Camilo Barragan, Eran Shlomovitz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This article discusses the percutaneous delivery and deployment of lumen-apposing metallic stents for the creation of percutaneous cholecysto-enteric anastomoses for internal drainage of the gallbladder.
Long COVID in Nursing Home Residents Manifests as Functional Decline
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How AI Assistants Could Help Answer Patients’ Messages—and Potentially Improve Their Outcomes
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi, Yulin Hswen
Journal: JAMA (2023)

This Medical News article is an interview with John Ayers, PhD, MA, vice chief of innovation in the Division of Infectious Diseases &amp;amp;amp; Global Public Health at the University of California, San Diego, the lead author of a recent study on chatbot responses to patient questions.
Surgery, Anesthesia, and TBI Outcomes—Unraveling the Complex Interplay
Authors: Caitlin R. Collins, Andre Campbell
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Use of E-Cigarettes and Cigarettes During Late Pregnancy Among Adolescents
Authors: Xiaozhong Wen, Lufeiya Liu, Aye A. Moe, Isabelle K. Ormond, Chelsea C. Shuren, I’Yanna N. Scott, Jenny E. Ozga, Cassandra A. Stanton, Andrea L. Ruybal, Joy L. Hart, Maciej L. Goniewicz, Dara Lee, Comreen Vargees
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Pregnant adolescents sometimes use cigarettes; however, little is known about e-cigarette use among pregnant adolescents, a population with increased health vulnerability.
Individual Coaching Improved Cognition in People at Risk for Dementia
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism by Eplerenone and Arterial Inflammation in HIV
Authors: Suman Srinivasa, Shady Abohashem, Allie R. Walpert, Carolyn N. Dunderdale, Sanjna Iyengar, Grace Shen, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Christopher R. deFilippi, Gregory K. Robbins, Hang Lee, Raymond Y. Kwong, Gail K. Adler, Ahmed Tawakol, Steven K. Grinspoon
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2023)

The risk for atherosclerotic disease is increased 1.5- to 2.0-fold among persons with HIV (PWH). Increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may contribute to increased arterial inflammation in this population.
Fragility of Randomized Clinical Trials Using Mesh in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Sullivan A. Ayuso, Alexis M. Holland, William R. Lorenz, Gregory T. Scarola, John P. Fischer, Neil J. Smart, B. Todd Heniford
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This systematic review evaluates the fragility of randomized clinical trials that used mesh in abdominal wall reconstruction.
A cell‐penetrating peptide exerts therapeutic effects against ischemic stroke by mediating the lysosomal degradation of sirtuin 5
Authors: Qian Xia, Xue Zhang, Gaofeng Zhan, Lu Zheng, Meng Mao, Yin Zhao, Yilin Zhao, Xing Li
Journal: MedComm (2023)

Abstract Stroke is a major public health concern worldwide. The lack of effective therapies heightens the need for new therapeutic agents. Previous study identified sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) as a positive regulator of microglia‐induced excessive neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. Interventions targeting SIRT5 should therefore alleviate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic stroke. Here, we synthesized a membrane‐permeable peptide specifically bound to SIRT5 through a chaperone‐mediated autophagy targeting motif (Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM) and examined its therapeutic effect in vitro and in vivo. First, in primary microglia, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM suppressed the binding of SIRT5 with annexin‐A1 (ANXA1), leading to SIRT5 degradation and thus inhibition of SIRT5‐mediated desuccinylation of ANXA1, followed by increased membrane accumulation and secretion of ANXA1. These changes, in turn, alleviated microglia‐induced neuroinflammation. Moreover, following intravenous injection, Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM could efficiently pass through the blood‒brain barrier. Importantly, systemic administration of Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM reduced the brain infarct area and neuronal loss, mitigated neurological deficit scores, and improved long‐term neurological functions in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, no toxicity was observed when high doses Tat‐SIRT5‐CTM were injected into nonischemic mice. Collectively, our study reveals the promising efficacy of the peptide‐directed lysosomal degradation of SIRT5 and suggests it as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
An Approach to Assessing the Influence of Environmental and Occupational Cancer Hazard Identification on Policy Decision-Making
Authors: Suril S. Mehta, Isabelle Morin, Kimberly Osborn, Courtney R. Lemeris, Michael Conti, Ruth M. Lunn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Cancer hazard identification is critical to informing decisions on preventive actions. However, the influence of cancer hazard assessments on the creation of health-protective regulations is poorly understood. Although prior studies have measured the health and economic benefits of regulatory actions in general, we are not aware of efforts to explicitly study the influence of cancer hazard identification on policy decisions in the United States.
Case–Cohort Study of the Association between PFAS and Selected Cancers among Participants in the American Cancer Society’s Cancer Prevention Study II LifeLink Cohort
Authors: Andrea Winquist, James M. Hodge, W. Ryan Diver, Juan L. Rodriguez, Alyssa N. Troeschel, Johnni Daniel, Lauren R. Teras
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2023)

Previous epidemiological studies found associations between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and some cancer types. Many studies considered highly exposed populations, so relevance to less-exposed populations can be uncertain. Additionally, many studies considered only cancer site, not histology.
Extracellular vesicles from differentiated stem cells contain novel proangiogenic miRNAs and induce angiogenic responses at low doses
Authors: Despoina Kesidou, Matthew Bennett, João P. Monteiro, Ian R. McCracken, Eftychia Klimi, Julie Rodor, Alison Condie, Scott Cowan, Andrea Caporali, Jan B.M. Wit, Joanne C. Mountford, Mairi Brittan, Abdelaziz Beqqali, Andrew H. Baker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from healthy endothelial cells (ECs) have shown potential for promoting angiogenesis, but their therapeutic efficacy remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that transplantation of a human embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cell product (hESC-ECP), promotes new vessel formation in acute ischemic disease in mice, likely via paracrine mechanism(s). Here, we demonstrated that EVs from hESC-ECPs (hESC-eEVs) significantly increased EC tube formation and wound closure in vitro at ultralow doses, whereas higher doses were ineffective. More important, EVs isolated from the mesodermal stage of the differentiation (hESC-mEVs) had no effect. Small RNA sequencing revealed that hESC-eEVs have a unique transcriptomic profile and are enriched in known proangiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Moreover, an in silico analysis identified three novel hESC-eEV-miRNAs with potential proangiogenic function. Differential expression analysis suggested that two of those, miR-4496 and miR-4691-5p, are highly enriched in hESC-eEVs. Overexpression of miR-4496 or miR-4691-5p resulted in increased EC tube formation and wound closure in vitro, validating the novel proangiogenic function of these miRNAs. In summary, we demonstrated that hESC-eEVs are potent inducers of EC angiogenic response at ultralow doses and contain a unique EV-associated miRNA repertoire, including miR-4496 and miR-4691-5p, with novel proangiogenic function.
Comparative safety analysis of mRNA and adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccines: a nationwide cohort study using an emulated target trial approach
Authors: Min Joo Choi, Yewon Na, Hak Jun Hyun, Eliel Nham, Jin Gu Yoon, Hye Seong, Yu Bin Seo, Won Suk Choi, Joon Young Song, Dong Wook Kim, Young-Eun Kim, Jaehun Jung, Hee Jin Cheong
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2023)
Mapping the genetic and phenotypic landscape of neonatal C3 and C4 protein concentrations
Authors: Leanna M. Hernandez
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

The complement system is crucial for innate immunity and has been linked to autoimmune and psychiatric disorders. Borbye-Lorenzen et al.1 perform GWASs and PheWASs of neonatal C3/C4 protein concentrations, finding multiple genome-wide significant loci, and identify sex-specific associations between C3 protein concentration and C4 copy number with risk for schizophrenia.
The correlates of neonatal complement component 3 and 4 protein concentrations with a focus on psychiatric and autoimmune disorders
Authors: Nis Borbye-Lorenzen, Zhihong Zhu, Esben Agerbo, Clara Albiñana, Michael E. Benros, Beilei Bian, Anders D. Børglum, Cynthia M. Bulik, Jean-Christophe Philippe Goldtsche Debost, Jakob Grove, David M. Hougaard, Allan F. McRae, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Katherine L. Musliner, Merete Nordentoft, Liselotte V. Petersen, Florian Privé, Julia Sidorenko, Kristin Skogstrand, Thomas Werge, Naomi R. Wray, Bjarni J. Vilhjálmsson, John J. McGrath
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Complement components have been linked to schizophrenia and autoimmune disorders. We examined the association between neonatal circulating C3 and C4 protein concentrations in 68,768 neonates and the risk of six mental disorders. We completed genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for C3 and C4 and applied the summary statistics in Mendelian randomization and phenome-wide association studies related to mental and autoimmune disorders. The GWASs for C3 and C4 protein concentrations identified 15 and 36 independent loci, respectively. We found no associations between neonatal C3 and C4 concentrations and mental disorders in the total sample (both sexes combined); however, post-hoc analyses found that a higher C3 concentration was associated with a reduced risk of schizophrenia in females. Mendelian randomization based on C4 summary statistics found an altered risk of five types of autoimmune disorders. Our study adds to our understanding of the associations between C3 and C4 concentrations and subsequent mental and autoimmune disorders.
Infant gut DNA bacteriophage strain persistence during the first 3 years of life
Authors: Yue Clare Lou, LinXing Chen, Adair L. Borges, Jacob West-Roberts, Brian A. Firek, Michael J. Morowitz, Jillian F. Banfield
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)

Bacteriophages are key components of gut microbiomes, yet the phage colonization process in the infant gut remains uncertain. Here, we establish a large phage sequence database and use strain-resolved analyses to investigate DNA phage succession in infants throughout the first 3 years of life. Analysis of 819 fecal metagenomes collected from 28 full-term and 24 preterm infants and their mothers revealed that early-life phageome richness increases over time and reaches adult-like complexity by age 3. Approximately 9% of early phage colonizers, which are mostly maternally transmitted and infect Bacteroides, persist for 3 years and are more prevalent in full-term than in preterm infants. Although rare, phages with stop codon reassignment are more likely to persist than non-recoded phages and generally display an increase in in-frame reassigned stop codons over 3 years. Overall, maternal seeding, stop codon reassignment, host CRISPR-Cas locus prevalence, and diverse phage populations contribute to stable viral colonization.
The human Y and inactive X chromosomes similarly modulate autosomal gene expression
Authors: Adrianna K. San Roman, Helen Skaletsky, Alexander K. Godfrey, Neha V. Bokil, Levi Teitz, Isani Singh, Laura V. Blanton, Daniel W. Bellott, Tatyana Pyntikova, Julian Lange, Natalia Koutseva, Jennifer F. Hughes, Laura Brown, Sidaly Phou, Ashley Buscetta, Paul Kruszka, Nicole Banks, Amalia Dutra, Evgenia Pak, Patricia C. Lasutschinkow, Colleen Keen, Shanlee M. Davis, Angela E. Lin, Nicole R. Tartaglia, Carole Samango-Sprouse, Maximilian Muenke, David C. Page
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Somatic cells of human males and females have 45 chromosomes in common, including the "active" X chromosome. In males the 46th chromosome is a Y; in females it is an "inactive" X (Xi). Through linear modeling of autosomal gene expression in cells from individuals with zero to three Xi and zero to four Y chromosomes, we found that Xi and Y impact autosomal expression broadly and with remarkably similar effects. Studying sex chromosome structural anomalies, promoters of Xi- and Y-responsive genes, and CRISPR inhibition, we traced part of this shared effect to homologous transcription factors—ZFX and ZFY—encoded by Chr X and Y. This demonstrates sex-shared mechanisms by which Xi and Y modulate autosomal expression. Combined with earlier analyses of sex-linked gene expression, our studies show that 21% of all genes expressed in lymphoblastoid cells or fibroblasts change expression significantly in response to Xi or Y chromosomes.
Astrocyte growth is driven by the Tre1/S1pr1 phospholipid-binding G protein-coupled receptor
Authors: Jiakun Chen, Tobias Stork, Yunsik Kang, Katherine A.M. Nardone, Franziska Auer, Ryan J. Farrell, Taylor R. Jay, Dongeun Heo, Amy Sheehan, Cameron Paton, Katherine I. Nagel, David Schoppik, Kelly R. Monk, Marc R. Freeman
Journal: Neuron (2023)
Amyloid induced hyperexcitability in default mode network drives medial temporal hyperactivity and early tau accumulation
Authors: Joseph Giorgio, Jenna N. Adams, Anne Maass, William J. Jagust, Michael Breakspear
Journal: Neuron (2023)

In early Alzheimer's disease (AD) β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits throughout association cortex and tau appears in the entorhinal cortex (EC). Why these initially appear in disparate locations is not understood. Using task-based fMRI and multimodal PET imaging, we assess the impact of local AD pathology on network-to-network interactions. We show that AD pathologies flip interactions between the default mode network (DMN) and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) from inhibitory to excitatory. The DMN is hyperexcited with increasing levels of Aβ, which drives hyperexcitability within the MTL and this directed hyperexcitation of the MTL by the DMN predicts the rate of tau accumulation within the EC. Our results support a model whereby Aβ induces disruptions to local excitatory-inhibitory balance in the DMN, driving hyperexcitability in the MTL, leading to tau accumulation. We propose that Aβ-induced disruptions to excitatory-inhibitory balance is a candidate causal route between Aβ and remote EC-tau accumulation.
Polymorphic short tandem repeats make widespread contributions to blood and serum traits
Authors: Jonathan Margoliash, Shai Fuchs, Yang Li, Xuan Zhang, Arya Massarat, Alon Goren, Melissa Gymrek
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are genomic regions consisting of repeated sequences of 1-6 bp in succession. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) do not fully capture STR effects. To study these effects, we imputed 445,720 STRs into genotype arrays from 408,153 White British UK Biobank participants and tested for association with 44 blood phenotypes. Using two fine-mapping methods, we identify 119 candidate causal STR-trait associations and estimate that STRs account for 5.2%-7.6% of causal variants identifiable from GWASs for these traits. These are among the strongest associations for multiple phenotypes, including a coding CTG repeat associated with apolipoprotein B levels, a promoter CGG repeat with platelet traits, and an intronic poly(A) repeat with mean platelet volume. Our study suggests that STRs make widespread contributions to complex traits, provides stringently selected candidate causal STRs, and demonstrates the need to consider a more complete view of genetic variation in GWASs.
Uncovering complex trait heritability hidden in the repeatome
Authors: Po-Ru Loh
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Short tandem repeats (STRs) account for a substantial fraction of human genetic variation, but their contribution to complex human phenotypes is largely unknown. Margoliash et al. perform detailed genome-wide association analysis and fine-mapping of STRs in UK Biobank, identifying many STRs likely to influence variation in blood and serum traits.
Characteristics of innate, humoral and cellular immunity in children with non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Kexin Zong, Ping Yuan, Ruifang Wang, Qin Luo, Yanqing Yang, Xiaohong Zhang, Qinqin Song, Haijun Du, Chen Gao, Juan Song, Weihua Zhan, Mengjie Zhang, Yanhai Wang, Qunying Lin, Hailan Yao, Baosong Xie, Jun Han
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)