tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reframing Regret
Authors: Katie Watson
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MORTALITY RATES IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. III. THE RELATION OF PATIENT'S AGE TO PROGNOSIS
Authors: S SCHNUR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1954)

Article1 August 1954MORTALITY RATES IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. III. THE RELATION OF PATIENT'S AGE TO PROGNOSISSIDNEY SCHNUR, M.D., F.A.C.P.SIDNEY SCHNUR, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-41-2-294 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe influence of the patient's age upon the mortality rate and the significance of age as a prognostic factor in acute myocardial infarction have long been subjects of dispute. All varieties of opinion have been expressed, including those of Rosenbaum and Levine,1, 2who contend that increased age is reflected in an increased mortality rate; Stroud,3who states that "closure of a coronary artery in a relatively young person is said to carry with it a more serious prognosis than in an older person"; and Russek,4who asserts that age of itself is not an important prognostic factor in acute...Bibliography1. RosenbaumLevine FSSA: Clinical and electrocardiographic features of acute myocardial infarction on immediate prognosis, Arch. Int. Med. 68: 913, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. RosenbaumLevine FASA: Prognostic value of various clinical and electrocardiographic features of acute myocardial infarction, Arch. Int. Med. 68: 1215, 1941. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Stroud WB: The diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, 1946, F. A. Davis, Philadelphia, p. 713. Google Scholar4. RussekZohmanDoernerRussekWhite HIBLAAASLG: Age and survival in cases of acute myocardial infarction, J. A. M. A. 147: 1731, 1951. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Schnur S: Mortality rates in acute myocardial infarction. II. A proposed method for measuring quantitatively severity of illness on admission to the hospital, Ann. Int. Med. 39: 1018, 1953. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Houston, Texas*Received for publication January 18, 1954.From the Department of Medicine, Baylor University College of Medicine, and the Jefferson Davis, Methodist, Veterans Administration and Southern Pacific Hospitals, Houston, Texas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byImmediate and long-term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction in the agedReferencesDie Ernährung des alternden MenschenDie Coronarerkrankungen. Coronarinsuffizienz, Angina pectoris und HerzinfarktAcute myocardial infarction in a city hospitalStudies on Myocardial Infarction in Malmö 1935 to 1954.1LONG TERM PROGNOSIS OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO RUSSEKS CLASSIFICATION OF “GOOD” AND “POOR” RISK CASES. 1 August 1954Volume 41, Issue 2Page: 294-298KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionCoronary arteriesDeath ratesHospital medicineMortality ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1954 PDF downloadLoading ...
A TWENTY-TWO YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A CASE OF MUCOUS COLITIS
Authors: F G EBAUGH, J M LYON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1951)

Case Reports1 June 1951A TWENTY-TWO YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF A CASE OF MUCOUS COLITISFRANKLIN G. EBAUGH, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN M. LYON, M.D.FRANKLIN G. EBAUGH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN M. LYON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-34-6-1491 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis is a report of a woman, now 53, who has had mucous colitis since 1926.CASE REPORTFor the six years prior to 1926 the patient had gastrointestinal distress that occasioned an appendectomy, but it was in 1926, when she was seen by one of us (F. G. E.), that the diagnosis of mucous colitis was made. At that time she had many complaints; she said she was "all in." She suffered from back aches, insomnia, depression, fatigue, stomach trouble, and alternating constipation and diarrhea. She weighed 81 pounds but otherwise her physical examination was normal. Her past medical... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado*Received for publication May 30, 1949.Presented at the Regional Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Denver, Colorado, March 1, 1949. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1951Volume 34, Issue 6Page: 1491-1497KeywordsAppendectomyConstipationDiarrheaFatigueInsomniaIrritable bowel syndromeLower back painStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1951 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 17353: Comparison of Medical Priority Dispatch (MPD) and Criteria Based Dispatch (CBD) when Processing Cardiac Arrest Calls
Authors: Camilla Hardeland, Theresa M Olasveengen, Rob Lawrence, Danny Garrison, Gunnar Farstad, Tonje Lorem, Lars Wik
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Prompt emergency medical service (EMS) system activation with rapid delivery of pre-hospital treatment is essential for patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The two most commonly used dispatch tools are medical priority dispatch (MPD) and criteria based dispatch (CBD). We compared cardiac arrest call processing using these two dispatch tools in two different dispatch centres.

Methods: Observational study of adult EMS confirmed (non-EMS witnessed) OHCA calls during one year in Richmond US (MPD) and Oslo (CBD). Patients receiving CPR prior to call, interrupted calls or calls where the caller did not have access to the patients were excluded from analysis. Dispatch logs, ambulance records and digitalized dispatcher and caller voice recordings were analyzed and compared using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous data and Fisher’s Exact test for categorical data.

Results: The MPD-site processed 182 cardiac arrest calls and the CBD-site 232, of which 100 and 140 calls met the inclusion criteria, respectively. The recognition of cardiac arrest was not different in the MPD and CBD systems; 82% vs. 77% (p=0.42), and pre-EMS arrival CPR instructions were offered to 81% vs. 74% (p=0.22) of callers, respectively. Time to ambulance dispatch was median (95% confidence interval) 15 (13, 17) vs. 33 (29, 36) seconds (p<0.001) and time to chest compression delivery; 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) vs. 3.7 (3.0, 4.1) minutes for the MPDS and CBD systems, respectively (p=0.05).

Conclusion: Ambulance dispatch was swift in both systems but significantly faster in MPD. Although pre-arrival CPR instructions were frequently offered, chest compressions were delayed in both systems. Rapid recognition of cardiac arrest and improved instructions is needed to facilitate earlier lay rescuer CPR.
Abstract 3683: Diminished Global Arginine Bioavailability is Associated with Increased Long-term Cardiovascular Risk and Independent of Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition
Authors: W. H. Wilson Tang, Zeneng Wang, Leslie Cho, Danielle M Brennan, Stanley L Hazen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: We hypothesize that assessment of diminished global arginine bioavailability (GABR), which measures the steady-state equilibrium of substrate (arginine) and its two main catabolic produ...
Cortisol levels, immune status, and mood in homosexual men with and without HIV infection
Authors: R M Kertzner, R Goetz, G Todak, T Cooper, S H Lin, M M Reddy, H Novacenko, J B Williams, A A Ehrhardt, J M Gorman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Alteration in cortisol levels has been reported in HIV infection and may be related to levels of psychiatric distress and immune function. The goals of this study were to assess cortisol levels in subjects with HIV infection and to determine whether stress-related activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis results in compromised immune function.As part of a longitudinal study, the authors assessed urinary free cortisol levels of HIV-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men at four time points during a period of 2 years. Subjects' scores on the Hamilton depression and anxiety rating scales, medical stage of HIV infection, and CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts were also assessed. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine whether subjects' cortisol levels at the four time points differed according to their serological status. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed to examine the relationships among mood ratings, cortisol levels, medical stages, and cell counts.Cortisol levels did not differ significantly between the HIV-positive and the HIV-negative subjects and were not associated with stage of medical illness in HIV infection. An association between cortisol level and depressed and anxious mood was found only at the first assessment. Cortisol level was not associated with CD4+ cell count in either group of subjects.There were no significant elevations of cortisol levels in the HIV-infected subjects, nor was there consistent evidence for stress-related activation of the HPA axis in either the HIV-positive or the HIV-negative subjects.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Stenting Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Duk-Woo Park, Ki Bae Seung, Young-Hak Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Sung-Cheol Yun, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Myung-Ho Jeong, Yang-Soo Jang, Hyo-Soo Kim, Pum Joon Kim, In-Whan Seong, Hun Sik Park, Taehoon Ahn, In-Ho Chae, Seung-Jea Tahk, Wook-Sung Chung, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 18233: Association of Circulating Levels of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Evidence From 5269 Participants
Authors: Lan Sun, Yongyi Bai, Wenyu Xin, Guanhua Du
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Backgrounds: Epidemiologic investigations have linked the circulating levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), to carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). However, these studies result in various extent of relation between ADMA and IMT, the conclusions were inconsistent, and the precise relationship is therefore under debate. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the relevant studies evaluating the association of levels of ADMA with carotid IMT and to gain more robust estimate of the relationship. Methods and results: Studies were identified through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, reviews, and reference lists of relevant papers. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) of the correlation coefficient (R) and partial correlation coefficient (PR) were calculated for relations by using random-effect models. Eleven studies with a total of 5269 subjects were included in our meta-analysis. In an overall pooled estimate of correlation coefficient (R), levels of ADMA were significantly related to carotid IMT (pooled R: 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.146 to 0.363, P&lt;0.001). Pooled estimate of partial correlation coefficient (PR) also resulted in a significant association of ADMA with carotid IMT (pooled PR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.23; P &lt;0.001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis found that the relation between ADMA and IMT was stronger in patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases (CKDs) than that in subject with normal renal function. Conclusions: Circulating levels of ADMA were positively related to carotid IMT, especially in patients with CKDs. These findings indicate that elevation of plasma ADMA levels is an indicator of early-onset atherosclerosis and a predictor of atherosclerotic disease, especially in patients with CKDs. The findings of this meta-analysis need confirmation in longitudinal studies. Furthermore, future research efforts should be concentrated on higher quality, longer follow-up and more rigorous prospective and interventional studies to determine the causal relationships between the associations.
Pathology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology
Authors: William MacNee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction and an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs. The latter represents the innate and adaptive immune responses to long term exposure to noxious particles and gases, particularly cigarette smoke. All cigarette smokers have some inflammation in their lungs, but those who develop COPD have an enhanced or abnormal response to inhaling toxic agents. This amplified response may result in mucous hypersecretion (chronic bronchitis), tissue destruction (emphysema), and disruption of normal repair and defence mechanisms causing small airway inflammation and fibrosis (bronchiolitis).

These pathological changes result in increased resistance to airflow in the small conducting airways, increased compliance of the lungs, air trapping, and progressive airflow obstruction—all characteristic features of COPD. We have good understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathological changes found in COPD.

View this table:

Pathological changes found in COPD



Inflammation is present in the lungs, particularly the small airways, of all people who smoke. This normal protective response to the inhaled toxins is amplified in COPD, leading to tissue destruction, impairment of the defence mechanisms that limit such destruction, and disruption of the repair mechanisms. In general, the inflammatory and structural changes in the airways increase with disease severity and persist even after smoking cessation. Besides inflammation, two other processes are involved in the pathogenesis of COPD—an imbalance between proteases and antiproteases and an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants (oxidative stress) in the lungs.



The pathogenesis of COPD; dashed bars represent inhibitory effects 



This is the second in a series of 12 articles 

COPD is characterised by increased numbers of neutrophils, macrophages, and …
ROENTGEN PROCEDURES USEFUL IN CARDIAC DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Fred Jenner Hodges
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 November 1939ROENTGEN PROCEDURES USEFUL IN CARDIAC DIAGNOSISFRED JENNER HODGES, M.D.FRED JENNER HODGES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-5-826 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBluntly stated, the medical profession's ability to diagnose diseases of the heart greatly outweighs its ability to successfully treat patients with cardiac disorders. This discrepancy has served as a stimulus to even further development in the field of cardiac diagnosis based upon the belief that rational and successful therapeutic efforts can be developed only upon a broader and more complete understanding of the subject.Roentgen-rays, because of their unique ability to penetrate successfully the various tissues of the body, offer a means of observing the heart which has appealed to physicians ever since the year of Roentgen's discovery. In common... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Read at the New Orleans meeting of the American College of Physicians March 28, 1939.From the Department of Roentgenology, University of Michigan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1939Volume 13, Issue 5Page: 826-844KeywordsCardiac surgeryHeartHeart diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Integration initiatives for forensic services.
Authors: Julio Arboleda-Flórez
Journal: World Psychiatry (2003)

Poorly implemented mental health reform policies are often given as reasons for the growth in demands for forensic psychiatric services and the steady increase of mental patients in prison systems. However, in this paper, additional reasons are advanced to explain the growth of forensic psychiatry, such as an expansion in the types of "psychiatric defences" in courts of law; public concerns about violent behaviour attributed to the mentally ill; the community management of paraphilias, especially pedophilia; the development of risk assessment methodologies and the halo of super-specialization. The net result of these developments is that patients who receive a label of "forensic" enter into a mental health ghetto with little connectivity or integration with the general mental health system. The forensic label increases the stigma and decreases opportunities for reintegration and full social recovery. The paper provides guidelines to reverse these trends.
Abstract 10372: Assessment Of Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Using Real Time Three Dimensional Echocardiography After Marathon Running
Authors: Sacha Oomah, Negareh Mousavi, Navdeep Bhullar, Kanwal Kumar, Jonathan Walker, Matthew Lytwyn, Jane Colish, Sheena Bohonis, Anthony Wassef, Iain D Kirkpatrick, Sat Sharma, Davinder S Jassal
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 10786: Teach-Back is an Effective Strategy for Educating Older Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Jill Esquivel, Matthew White, Maureen Carroll, Eileen Brinker
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Teach-back is endorsed by organizations such as the IHI as an effective method for confirming understanding of health care information in heart failure (HF) patients. Despite this endorsement, no s...
SPONTANEOUS INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA OF THE LUNGS; REPORT OF AN ADDITIONAL CASE
Authors: Bernard P. Wolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Case Reports1 January 1940SPONTANEOUS INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA OF THE LUNGS; REPORT OF AN ADDITIONAL CASEBERNARD P. WOLFF, M.D.BERNARD P. WOLFF, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-7-1250 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptInterstitial emphysema of the lungs following injury or greatly increased intrapulmonary pressure has long been recognized clinically by the appearance of air in the subcutaneous tissues about the neck. The term surgical emphysema has been applied to this condition to distinguish it from vesicular emphysema produced by bronchial obstruction and subsequent dilatation of the pulmonary alveoli. The first description of interstitial emphysema occurring spontaneously, that is, without trauma or greatly increased intrapulmonary pressure, was recorded by Hamman1in 1937. He reported six cases and described a new physical sign characteristic of the condition. He emphasized that spontaneous interstitial emphysema is...Reference1. HAMMAN L: Spontaneous interstitial emphysema of the lungs, Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys., 1937, lii, 311-319. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia*Received for publication November 2, 1938.From Emory University School of Medicine and the Atlanta Tuberculosis Association. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byACUTE SPONTANEOUS MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMAMEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA OCCURRING WITH THERAPEUTIC PNEUMOPERITONEUM: REPORT OF TEN CASES*MILTON N. TOWBIN, M.D.SPONTANEOUS COLLAPSESpontaneous mediastinal emphysema and pneumothoraxSpontaneous mediastinal emphysema with acute right ventricular strain 1 January 1940Volume 13, Issue 7Page: 1250-1252KeywordsAlveoliEmphysemaLungs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: HELPS AND HINDRANCES
Authors: J J WARING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1948)

Article1 January 1948THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: HELPS AND HINDRANCESJAMES J. WARING, M.D., F.A.C.P.JAMES J. WARING, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-28-1-15 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"But it is by your own eyes, and your own ears and your own minds and (I may add) your own heart that you must observe and learn and profit." A. Latham. Harvey Cushing "The Life of Sir William Osler," Clarendon Press, 1925, p. 553.The five essentials to a good physical examination are:1. A good light2. A favorable position of the patient3. A quiet environment4. A coöperative patient5. An experienced physician.Without any or all of the first four even the experienced physician is under a handicap. The physician must not let the patient... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Denver, Colorado*Presented at the Twenty-Eighth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, April 28, 1947.The illustrations in this paper were made at my direction by Allen T. True of Denver.The medical profession has perhaps limited itself too much to photographic illustration. A point humorously depicted might linger longer in the memory. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTHE FACE IN DIAGNOSISChronic Cough, Hemoptysis, Thoracic Pain and DyspneaOn the choice and Use of BooksDiagnosis in a medical Out-Patient clinic: Introductory remarks to fourth year clinical clerks 1 January 1948Volume 28, Issue 1Page: 15-27KeywordsHeartMemory ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1948 PDF downloadLoading ...
Simple Instructions for using Pressurized Aerosol Bronchodilators<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Stephen P Newman, Demetri Pavia, Stewart W Clarke
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1980)

Although the manufacturers of pressurized aerosol bonchodilators issue instructions for using the inhalers, little or no experimental verification exists. Bronchodilatation has been measured after controlled inhalations of 500 μg terbutaline sulphate given in a systematic series of investigations to 8 patients with reversible airways obstruction at 2 different inhalation flow rates (25 1/min and 80 1/min), 3 different lung volumes (20%, 50% and 80% vital capacity) and followed by 2 different breath-holding pauses (4 and 10 seconds). The results indicate that patients may release the aerosol at any time during the course of a slow deep inhalation which should be followed by 10 seconds of breath-holding. This will ensure an optimal bronchodilator response.