tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 controls vascular smooth muscle cell contractile phenotype and neointimal hyperplasia
Authors: Kaiyuan Niu, Chengxin Zhang, Mei Yang, Eithne Margaret Maguire, Zhenning Shi, Shasha Sun, Jianping Wu, Chenxin Liu, Weiwei An, Xinxin Wang, Shan Gao, Shenglin Ge, Qingzhong Xiao
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Abstract Aims Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 18 (SNHG18) has been widely implicated in cancers. However, little is known about its functional involvement in vascular diseases. Herein, we attempted to explore a role for SNHG18 in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractile phenotype and injury-induced neointima formation. Methods and results Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic datasets showed decreased levels of SNHG18 in injured and atherosclerotic murine and human arteries, which is positively associated with VSMC contractile genes. SNHG18 was upregulated in VSMCs by TGFβ1 through transcription factors Sp1 and SMAD3. SNHG18 gene gain/loss-of-function studies revealed that VSMC contractile phenotype was positively regulated by SNHG18. Mechanistic studies showed that SNHG18 promotes a contractile VSMC phenotype by up-regulating miR-22-3p. SNHG18 up-regulates miR-22 biogenesis and miR-22-3p production by competitive binding with the A-to-I RNA editing enzyme, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA-2 (ADAR2). Surprisingly, we observed that ADAR2 inhibited miR-22 biogenesis not through increasing A-to-I editing within primary miR-22, but by interfering with the binding of microprocessor complex subunit DGCR8 to primary miR-22. Importantly, perivascular SNHG18 overexpression in the injured vessels dramatically up-regulated the expression levels of miR-22-3p and VSMC contractile genes, and prevented injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Such modulatory effects were reverted by miR-22-3p inhibition in the injured arteries. Finally, we observed a similar regulator role for SNHG18 in human VSMCs and a decreased expression level of both SNHG18 and miR-22-3p in diseased human arteries; and we found that the expression level of SNHG18 was positively associated with that of miR-22-3p in both healthy and diseased human arteries. Conclusion We demonstrate that SNHG18 is a novel regulator in governing VSMC contractile phenotype and preventing injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Our findings have important implications for therapeutic targeting snhg18/miR-22-3p signalling in vascular diseases.
Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Treatments of Adults in the Acute Phase of Major Depressive Disorder: A Living Clinical Guideline From the American College of Physicians (Version 1, Update Alert)
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Douglas K. Owens, Itziar Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Janice E. Tufte, J. Thomas Cross, Timothy J. Wilt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)
Strengthening the Integrity of the Match: A Novel, Comprehensive, Standardized, and Transparent Postinterview Communication Policy
Authors: C. Christopher Smith, Todd Barton, Rebecca Berman, Natasha Chida, Kenneth P. Steinberg, Maria Yialamas, Aimee Zaas, Nikki DeMelo, Joel T. Katz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)
Intracellular <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: An Overlooked Reservoir in the Lungs of People with Cystic Fibrosis?
Authors: Aurélie Crabbé
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An Overlooked Reservoir in the Lungs of People with Cystic Fibrosis?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Cardiogenic Shock: Insights from Recent Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Alexandre Mansour, Alexandre Gerbaud, Pierre Le Balc’h, Nicolas Nesseler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Cardiogenic Shock: Insights from Recent Randomized Clinical Trials." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 209(10), pp. 1255–1257
Tumor-Induced Parkinsonism Due to a Large Meningioma Diagnosed by 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT/CT
Authors: Abdolmajid Alipour, Tahereh Ghaedian, Babak Yazdani, Abbas Rakhsha, Vahid Reza Ostovan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 67-year-old woman complained of rest and postural tremors in her left upper extremity, associated with bradykinesia and gait disorder since 2 years ago, with no significant response to antiparkinsonism drugs. Dopamine transporter SPECT/CT revealed a remarkable area of 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 uptake in a huge tumoral lesion in the right frontotemporal region, compressing and dislocating the right striatum with evidence of significant midline shift. The patient underwent surgical resection with a diagnosis of meningioma on preoperative MRI and postoperative histology report, experiencing a marked recovery in symptoms after 1 month.
Rotor-based image-guided therapy of glioblastoma
Authors: Zhenxing Pan, Yaoxun Zeng, Zhaoyi Ye, Yushan Li, Yakun Wang, Zhenzhen Feng, Ying Bao, Jiongpeng Yuan, Guining Cao, Jiapeng Dong, Wei Long, Yu-jing Lu, Kun Zhang, Yan He, Xujie Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Changes on the Horizon
Authors: Margaret Tempero, _ _
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

So without further ado …As the field of oncology continues to evolve and progress, so too do the journals that detail the complex landscape of cancer research and practice.JNCCN-Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network is no different.The journal has continued to adapt and transform since its beginning, in 2003, as a quarterly review journal and vehicle for the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines).The journal's timetable has changed multiple times, moving from quarterly to 6 issues per year in 2004, to 10 issues per year in 2006, and then finally to our current 12 regular annual issues (plus special NCCN Annual Conference Highlights) in 2010.More importantly, the journal's content and focus evolved along with what we felt were readers' changing needs.In January 2015, coinciding with the 20th anniversary of the founding of NCCN, the journal started emphasizing more examples of molecular medicine and principles in cancer care.We also focused the publication on the highest quality original research in the areas of health services, outcomes, quality improvement, and policy.Of course, we still published the NCCN Guidelines and NCCN Guidelines Insights (and always will) and related reviews.During JNCCN 's evolution, we also underwent several redesigns of the print edition of the journal and launched JNCCN.org,our digital platform.Among oncology journals, the emergence and widespread adoption of digital platforms have revolutionized the way information is disseminated, accessed, and used, and there are indications of increased preferences for digital publication among readers.To address these considerations, the JNCCN editors, staff, and NCCN leadership are continually evaluating the best ways for the journal to move forward.Among the changes you may notice is the movement of some issues of the journal-January and June-to an exclusively digital format, with no corresponding print edition.We are also transitioning to a new configuration for print/online issues, with smaller printed editions accompanied by additional exclusively digital content.Finally, we are working on refreshing the visual appearance of JNCCN 's content, making it more streamlined and modern.You'll see these changes in upcoming issues.But we also want to know what you think.NCCN will be conducting several surveys, including at the NCCN 2024 Annual Conference.If you encounter one of these surveys, we hope that you'll share your thoughts on how you prefer to access medical information and how JNCCN can provide the greatest benefit to you.But even if you don't, we would love to hear from you, so please email us at JNCCN@ NCCN.org.Although we might not be able to send a detailed answer to every email and survey response, you can be sure that we will review each one carefully, and we are grateful for your input/insights and your support of JNCCN .
Update on the Sentinel Node Procedure in Vulvar Cancer
Authors: Willemijn L. van der Kolk, Joost Bart, Ate J.G. van der Zee, Maaike H.M. Oonk
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Early-stage vulvar cancer is managed by a local excision of the primary tumor and, if indicated, a sentinel node (SN) biopsy to assess the need for further groin treatment. With the SN procedure, many patients can be treated less radically and will experience less complications and morbidity compared with an inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (IFL). Still, the SN procedure can be further optimized. Different tracers for detecting the SN are being investigated, aiming to optimize detection rates and decrease the burden of the procedure and short-term complications. Until now, no standardized protocols exist for the pathologic workup of the SN, possibly leading to discrepancies in detection of metastases between institutes using different methods. New techniques, such as one-step nucleic amplification, seem to have potential in accurately detecting metastases in other cancers, but have not yet been investigated in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Furthermore, several studies have investigated the possibility to broaden the indications for the SN procedure, such as its use in recurrent disease, larger tumors, or multifocal tumors. Although these studies show encouraging results, cohorts are small and further studies are needed. Prospective studies are currently investigating these subgroups. Lastly, several studies investigated optimization of groin treatment of patients with a metastatic SN. Inguinofemoral radiotherapy is a good alternative to IFL in patients with micrometastases in the SN, with comparable efficacy and less treatment-related morbidity. Reduction of the radicality of groin treatment is also possible in other ways, such as omitting contralateral IFL in patients with lateralized tumors and a unilateral metastatic SN. In conclusion, the SN procedure is an established procedure in early-stage VSCC, although optimization of the technique, pathologic workup, indications, and treatment in the setting of metastatic disease are the subject of ongoing research.
Vulvar Cancer, Version 3.2024, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Catheryn M. Yashar, Rebecca Arend, Emma Barber, Kristin Bradley, Rebecca Brooks, Susana M. Campos, Junzo Chino, Hye Sook Chon, Marta Ann Crispens, Shari Damast, Christine M. Fisher, Peter Frederick, David K. Gaffney, Stephanie Gaillard, Robert Giuntoli, Scott Glaser, Jordan Holmes, Brooke E. Howitt, Kari Kendra, Jayanthi Lea, Nita Lee, Gina Mantia-Smaldone, Andrea Mariani, David Mutch, Christa Nagel, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Mirna Podoll, Kerry Rodabaugh, Ritu Salani, John Schorge, Jean Siedel, Rachel Sisodia, Pamela Soliman, Stefanie Ueda, Renata Urban, Stephanie L. Wethington, Emily Wyse, Kristine Zanotti, Nicole McMillian, Sara Espinosa
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Vulvar cancer is annually diagnosed in an estimated 6,470 individuals and the vast majority are histologically squamous cell carcinomas. Vulvar cancer accounts for 5% to 8% of gynecologic malignancies. Known risk factors for vulvar cancer include increasing age, infection with human papillomavirus, cigarette smoking, inflammatory conditions affecting the vulva, and immunodeficiency. Most vulvar neoplasias are diagnosed at early stages. Rarer histologies exist and include melanoma, extramammary Paget’s disease, Bartholin gland adenocarcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and sarcoma. This manuscript discusses recommendations outlined in the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for treatments, surveillance, systemic therapy options, and gynecologic survivorship.
Coarctation of Aorta With Tricuspid Aortic Valve Is Not Associated With Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Alexander C. Egbe, William R. Miranda, Omar Abozied, C. Charles Jain, Luke J. Burchill, Snigdha Karnakoti, Marwan H. Ahmed, Christopher J. Francois, Heidi M. Connolly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Preoperative 11C-Methionine PET-MRI in Pediatric Infratentorial Tumors
Authors: Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat, Anthime Flaus, Aurélie Portefaix, Alexandru Szathmari, Marc Janier, Marc Hermier, Sylvie Lorthois-Ninou, Christian Scheiber, Sibel Isal, Nicolas Costes, Ines Merida, Sophie Lancelot, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Pierre Leblond, Cécile Faure Conter, Clarisse Saunier, Behrouz Kassai, Matthieu Vinchon, Federico Di Rocco, Carmine Mottolese
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose MRI is the main imaging modality for pediatric brain tumors, but amino acid PET can provide additional information. Simultaneous PET-MRI acquisition allows to fully assess the tumor and lower the radiation exposure. Although symptomatic posterior fossa tumors are typically resected, the patient management is evolving and will benefit from an improved preoperative tumor characterization. We aimed to explore, in children with newly diagnosed posterior fossa tumor, the complementarity of the information provided by amino acid PET and MRI parameters and the correlation to histopathological results. Patients and Methods Children with a newly diagnosed posterior fossa tumor prospectively underwent a preoperative 11 C-methionine (MET) PET-MRI. Images were assessed visually and semiquantitatively. Using correlation, minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC min ) and contrast enhancement were compared with MET SUV max . The diameter of the enhancing lesions was compared with metabolic tumoral volume. Lesions were classified according to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Results Ten children were included 4 pilocytic astrocytomas, 2 medulloblastomas, 1 ganglioglioma, 1 central nervous system embryonal tumor, and 1 schwannoma. All lesions showed visually increased MET uptake. A negative moderate correlation was found between ADC min and SUV max values ( r = −0.39). Mean SUV max was 3.8 (range, 3.3–4.2) in WHO grade 4 versus 2.5 (range, 1.7–3.0) in WHO grade 1 lesions. A positive moderate correlation was found between metabolic tumoral volume and diameter values ( r = 0.34). There was no correlation between SUV max and contrast enhancement intensity ( r = −0.15). Conclusions Preoperative 11 C-MET PET and MRI could provide complementary information to characterize pediatric infratentorial tumors.
Drinking Large Volume of Hot Water May Cause Increased 18F-FDG Uptake in Esophagus
Authors: Ziyu Guo, Ziqian Dong, Feilong Chen, Lingge Wei, Peng Xie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract We present 2 cases of diffuse FDG accumulation in the esophagus due to drinking hot water before an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan. Drinking large volume of hot water immediately before the FDG PET/CT study may lead to challenges in the interpretation of the hypermetabolic esophagus.
18F-FDG Brain PET/MRI in Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation With Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids
Authors: Faizullah Mashriqi, Rachel Saks, Samir Alkabie, Ana Marija Franceschi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract An 89-year-old man presented with progressive gait disturbance, diplopia, and ataxia. Initial brain MRI demonstrated T2/FLAIR hyperintense signal abnormality in the pons extending along the middle cerebellar peduncles into the cerebellum, with associated punctate, patchy, and linear enhancement on postcontrast imaging. Initially, this was attributed to brainstem encephalitis; however, sarcoidosis, histiocytosis, and paraneoplastic/autoimmune encephalitis remained on the differential. One month after initial MRI, 18 F-FDG brain PET/MRI was performed and showed marked pontine hypermetabolism corresponding to the signal abnormality and enhancement on structural imaging. Collectively, these findings are characteristic of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids.
Combined simultaneous transsphenoidal and transcranial regimen improves surgical outcomes in complex giant pituitary adenomas: a longitudinal retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nidan Qiao, Wei Gao, Xingli Deng, Tao Xin, Gangli Zhang, Nan Wu, Pan Wang, Yunke Bi, Zixiang Cong, Zhiyi Zhou, Junjun Li, Shengyu Sun, Meng Li, Wenlong Tang, Xiaorong Yan, Wenxiong Wang, Wenjin Chou, Shun Yao, Zhao Ye, Zengyi Ma, Xiang Zhou, Xiaoyun Cao, Ming Shen, Xuefei Shou, Zhaoyun Zhang, Zhenyu Wu, Liangzhao Chu, Yongming Qiu, Hui Ma, Anhua Wu, Chiyuan Ma, Meiqing Lou, Changzhen Jiang, Yongfei Wang, Yao Zhao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Surgical treatment of complex giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) presents significant challenges. The efficacy and safety of combining transsphenoidal and transcranial approaches for these tumors remain controversial. In this largest cohort of patients with complex GPAs, we compared the surgical outcomes between those undergoing a combined regimen and a non-combined regimen. We also examined the differences in risks of complications, costs, and logistics between the two groups, which might offer valuable information for the appropriate management of these patients. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at 13 neurosurgical centers. Consecutive patients who received a combined or non-combined regimen for complex GPAs were enrolled. The primary outcome was gross total resection, while secondary outcomes included complications, surgical duration, and relapse. A propensity score-based weighting method was used to account for differences between the groups. Results: Out of 647 patients (298 [46.1%] women, mean age: 48.5 ± 14.0 years) with complex GPAs, 91 were in the combined group and 556 were in the non-combined group. Compared with the non-combined regimen, the combined regimen was associated with a higher probability of gross total resection (50.5% vs. 40.6%, odds ratio [OR]: 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–3.63, P = 0.003). The proportion of patients with life-threatening complications was lower in the combined group than in the non-combined group (4.4% vs. 11.2%, OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08–0.78, P = 0.017). No marked differences were found between the groups in terms of other surgical or endocrine-related complications. However, the combined regimen exhibited a longer average surgery duration of 1.3 h ( P &lt; 0.001) and higher surgical costs of 22,000 CNY (approximate 3,000 USD, P = 0.022) compared with the non-combined approach. Conclusions: The combined regimen offered increased rates of total resection and decreased incidence of life-threatening complications, which might be recommended as the first-line choice for these patients.
Efficacy and Safety of 225Ac-DOTATATE in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms With High SSTR Expression
Authors: Hongyu Yang, Yu Zhang, Hongmei Li, Yu Zhang, Yue Feng, Xiqun Yang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 225 Ac-DOTATATE targeted α therapy (TAT) in various neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with high somatostatin receptor (SSTR) expression. Patients and Methods This single-center prospective study included 10 patients with histologically diagnosed NENs that exhibited increased SSTR expression on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging. All patients received 225 Ac-DOTATATE TAT. The primary end points were molecular imaging–based response and disease control rate (DCR), measured using the slightly modified Positron Emission Tomography Response Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.0. The secondary end points were adverse event profiles and clinical responses. The adverse event profile was determined according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Clinical response was assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life questionnaire version 3.0). Results A molecular imaging–based partial response was observed in 40% of all patients, SD in 40%, PD in 20%, and DCR in 80%. The DCR was 83.3% (5/6) in patients who were previously treated with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. According to the EORTC QLQ-C30 v3.0 score, most symptoms improved after 225 Ac-DOTATATE treatment, with only diarrhea showing no improvement. Grade III/IV hematological, kidney, and liver toxicities were not observed. The median follow-up time was 14 months (7–22 months), and no deaths were reported. Conclusions This initial study suggests that 225 Ac-DOTATATE is a potentially promising option for treating NENs with elevated SSTR expression, with an acceptable toxicity profile and well-tolerated adverse effects.
Multiparametric MRI subregion radiomics for preoperative assessment of high-risk subregions in microsatellite instability of rectal cancer patients: a multicenter study
Authors: Zhiping Cai, Zhenyu Xu, Yifan Chen, Rong Zhang, Baoliang Guo, Haixiong Chen, Fusheng Ouyang, Xinjie Chen, Xiaobo Chen, Dechao Liu, Chun Luo, Xiaohong Li, Wei Liu, Cuiru Zhou, Xinqun Guan, Ziwei Liu, Hai Zhao, Qiugen Hu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with treatment response and prognosis in patients with rectal cancer (RC). However, intratumoral heterogeneity limits MSI testing in patients with RC. We developed a subregion radiomics model based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to preoperatively assess high-risk subregions with MSI and predict the MSI status of patients with RC. Methods: This retrospective study included 475 patients (training cohort, 382; external test cohort, 93) with RC from two participating hospitals between April 2017 and June 2023. In the training cohort, subregion radiomic features were extracted from multiparametric MRI, which included T2-weighted, T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. MSI-related subregion radiomic features, classical radiomic features, and clinicoradiological variables were gathered to build five predictive models using logistic regression. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was conducted to explore the prognostic information. Results: Among the 475 patients (median age, 64 years [interquartile range, IQR: 55–70 years];304 men and 171 women), the prevalence of MSI was 11.16% (53/475). The subregion radiomics model outperformed the classical radiomics and clinicoradiological models in both training (area under the curve [AUC]=0.86, 0.72, and 0.59, respectively) and external test cohorts (AUC=0.83, 0.73, and 0.62, respectively). The subregion-clinicoradiological model combining clinicoradiological variables and subregion radiomic features performed the optimal, with AUCs of 0.87 and 0.85 in the training and external test cohorts, respectively. The 3-year disease-free survival rate of MSI groups predicted based on the model was higher than that of the predicted microsatellite stability (MSS) groups in both patient cohorts (training, P =0.032; external test, P =0.046). Conclusions: We developed and validated a model based on subregion radiomic features of multiparametric MRI to evaluate high-risk subregions with MSI and predict the MSI status of RC preoperatively, which may assist in individualized treatment decisions and positioning for biopsy.