tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 350: Role of gp91phox-containing NADPH Oxidase in Hypoxia-induced Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Tetsuya Hayashi, Tatsuhiko Mori, Nobuhisa Fukuda, Koichi Sohmiya, Akira Ukimura, Yasushi Kitaura, Chika Matsumoto, Tomoko Hirata, Kyoko Ueda, Chika Yamashita, Yasuo Matsumura
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Intermittent hypoxia due to sleep apnea is associated with cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms by which intermittent hypoxia accelerates cardiovascular diseases are still unclear. T...
Abstract P089: Total, Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Intervention Studies
Authors: Susanne M Tielemans, Wieke Altorf - van der Kuil, Mariëlle F Engberink, Elizabeth J Brink, Marleen A van Baak, Stephan J Bakker, Johanna M Geleijnse
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but evidence is not conclusive. Objective: To quantify the association of total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with BP and incident hypertension by means of meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search for eligible studies was conducted until January 2012, using MEDLINE and manual search. Of &gt;3,000 titles evaluated, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. We included 8 cross-sectional studies (total of 48,985 participants), 4 prospective studies (11,761 participants), and 17 randomized controlled trials (1,449 subjects). Results: Total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with systolic BP ([[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]0.20 mmHg per SD, 95%-CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]0.39 to [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]0.01) in cross-sectional studies, but no relation was found with incident hypertension in prospective studies (HR of 0.99 per SD, 95%-CI: 0.96 to 1.02). Trials showed an overall reduction of [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]2.1 mmHg in systolic BP (95%-CI:[[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]2.9 to [[Unable to Display Character: &amp;#8209;]]1.4) for a weighed difference in protein intake of 41 g/d, compared to carbohydrates. Plant protein, but not animal protein, was weakly inversely associated with BP in cross-sectional studies. Plant protein and animal protein showed similar associations in prospective studies (non-significant HR of 0.96 and 0.98 per SD, respectively) and randomized trials (-2.0 vs -2.2 mmHg, P&lt;0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary protein may have a beneficial effect on BP if consumed instead of carbohydrates. No clear difference was observed between plant and animal protein, but data on protein from different sources and BP is scarce and more research is needed to draw conclusions.
Abstract 13374: Effect of Increasing Fraction of Inspired Oxygen on Cerebral NIRS and Systemic Cardiac Output in Early Post-operative Single Ventricle Patients
Authors: Holly CDeSena, JoshuaKoch, JoshuaWolovits, MollyKing, JosephForbess, Alan WNugent
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The use of pulse oximetry (SpO2) as an estimate of cardiac output (CO) in shunted single ventricle patients ignores pulmonary venous and mixed systemic venous saturation (MVO2). With a shunt providing fixed resistance to pulmonary blood flow, increasing inspired oxygen (FiO2) may increase SpO2 symmetrically with MVO2, thus maintaining CO, while increasing tissue oxygen delivery. Methods: Stable early post-operative SV patients following Blalock-Taussig shunt or Sano conduit were prospectively enrolled. The study procedure was performed when patients were on stable inotropic support and ventilator settings. Baseline vital signs, SpO2, cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and arterial blood gas (ABG) were recorded. Baseline FiO2 was at the primary team’s discretion. Patients were randomized to initial concentration of 21% or 80% oxygen, and repeat vital signs, SpO2, NIRS, and ABG were obtained after 30 minutes at each concentration. Arterial-venous oxygen saturation (AVO2) difference was ...
Abstract 270: Use of Transthoracic Impedance to Monitor the Quality of Chest Compressions in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Bihua Chen, Lei Zhang, Hehua Zhang, Tao Yu, Yongqin Li
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction. The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially adequate compression depth, is associated with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and is recommended to be measured routinely. Numerous CPR feedback techniques have been employed to monitor the quality of chest compression and demonstrated their utility in improving the effectiveness of CPR. In the current study, we investigated the relationship among transthoracic impedance (TTI) measured from the defibrillation electrodes, chest compression depth, and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Methods. In 14 male pigs weighing between 28 to 34 kg, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced and untreated for 6 mins. Animals were then randomized to either optimal or suboptimal chest compression group. Optimal depth of manual compression in 7 pigs was defined as a decrease of 25% in anterior posterior diameter of the chest during CPR, while suboptimal compression was defined as 70% of the optimal depth. After 2 mins of chest compression, defibrillation was attempted with a 120-J rectilinear biphasic shock. ECG, aortic pressure, right atrial pressure, compression depth, together with TTI were continuously recorded. Results. There were no differences in baseline measurements between groups. All animals had ROSC after optimal compressions, this contrasted with suboptimal compressions, after which only 2 of the animals had ROSC (100% vs. 28.57%, p = 0.021). The correlation coefficient was 0.89 between TTI amplitude and compression depth ( p &lt; 0.001), 0.82 between TTI amplitude and CPP ( p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion. Amplitude change of TTI was strongly correlated with chest compression depth and CPP. The TTI measured from defibrillator electrodes, therefore has the potential to serve as a reliable indicator to monitor the quality of chest compression during CPR.
Developing a biomarker-stratified trial design in advanced colorectal cancer: The MRC FOCUS 3 feasibility study.
Authors: T. Maughan, R. H. Wilson, G. T. Williams, M. T. Seymour, S. Richman, P. Quirke, M. Pope, J. Pope, M. Parmar, A. Nelson, A. M. Meade, S. L. Kenny, B. Jasani, E. Hodgkinson, D. Fisher, R. Butler, J. A. Bridgewater, R. A. Adams, R. S. Kaplan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS165 Background: It is likely that future trials for many solid tumours will be stratified by predictive/prognostic biomarkers in order to a) derive more homogeneous patient cohorts; b) “personalize” treatment interventions in relation to tumour (or host) phenotype; and c) improve the likelihood of discovering a beneficial effect, in at least a subset of patients with the disease. In some settings there are likely to be multiple relevant biomarkers and treatments to be tested. For logistical reasons it would be efficient to combine these into single trials. Moreover, the inclusion of overlapping or common treatment arms could serve to further validate the use of a given biomarker for selection and support retrospective testing of other biomarker selection algorithms that may arise during the course of a trial’s enrolment period. These requirements present significant challenges both for creating efficient designs and for making these comprehensible for prospective subjects. Methods: FOCUS 3 is a feasibility study designed to address these issues and test a novel design for examining the predictive role of biomarkers (KRAS/BRAF mutations and topo-1 expression) for 1st-line therapy of aCRC. It employs an unusual design in which the two biomarkers defined four possible cohorts. Specific treatment questions were relevant to each marker and, because each cohort was defined by 2 markers, there were 2 relevant experimental arms for each cohort, plus 1 common control arm for all cohorts (FOLFIRI). The study thus incorporates 5 treatment regimens, but only 3 possibilities for each patient, defined by marker phenotype. We will complete recruitment of 240 patients by April 2011. Paraffin blocks from 24 sites were obtained for central biomarker analysis and aim to feedback results within 10 working days. A 4 stage suite of patient information sheets (PIS) was designed to avoid patient overload and we are assessing patients’ comprehension in a qualitative study. Conclusion: Patient samples can be collected and analysed centrally within acceptable time constraints. Complex, stratified, multi arm designs can be made acceptable to patients through good PIS design, ensured by patient and carer input into their design.
Haemophilus influenzae type b epiglottitis
Authors: C. Lee
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Tanner et al describe Haemophilus influenzae type b as a cause of acute upper airways obstruction in children.1 Such epiglottitis has indeed become much less common since the introduction of the Hib vaccine, and therefore doctors are not as experienced in managing this life threatening condition now as they were previously. The vaccine is not 100% effective; so occasional cases will present, and clinicians must be aware of the dangers and how to avoid them.

In the cases quoted, two of the three patients had been sent for a lateral neck x ray film before the airway was secured. This is contraindicated in patients suspected of having epiglottitis because at any time the patient may lose their airway, and a radiology department is not a safe environment to manage this problem.

Doctors also should not attempt to cannulate or obtain blood samples from a patient until the airway is secure. Takingblood from a child is obviously distressing for them and may, once again, precipitate acute airway obstruction.

The most important point in managing a child with acute epiglottitis is to avoid acute airway obstruction, which can happensuddenly and lead to severe consequences. Involving an anaesthetist and otolaryngologist will allow safe airway management initially, which is then followed by appropriate treatment with antibiotics.
Coronary Aneurysms After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Fernando Alfonso, Maria-José Pérez-Vizcayno, Miguel Ruiz, Alfonso Suárez, Miguel Cazares, Rosana Hernández, Javier Escaned, Camino Bañuelos, Pilar Jiménez-Quevedo, Carlos Macaya
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Metabolomic Analysis Demonstrates Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes G2/3 Selectively Perturb Distal Steps in Cholesterol Biosynthesis
Authors: Paul J. Clark, Alexander J. Thompson, David M. Vock, Lisa E. Kratz, Adviye A. Tolun, Hao Yue Zhang, Andrew J. Muir, Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison, David S. Millington, Richard I. Kelley, Keyur Patel
Journal: Hepatology (2011)
Cheese and salmonella infection
Authors: K G Kerr, C. S Nice, R. W Lacey
Journal: BMJ (1996)

products....Although Stalin had a sophisticated propaganda machine for its time, the tobacco industry is using the most advanced technology available to produce a 21st-century propaganda effort.Stalin's methods were perceived as cold and calculating, but those of the tobacco industry are smooth and subtle.The marketing plans are prospective, with the result of pervasively infiltrating all facets of Russian life."2I find Hurt's analogy entirely apt, and I urge Cambridge most earnestly to deny BAT an honour which will lower the esteem in which Cambridge is held throughout the world.
Kidney dendritic cell activation is required for progression of renal disease in a mouse model of glomerular injury
Authors: Felix Heymann, Catherine Meyer-Schwesinger, Emma E. Hamilton-Williams, Linda Hammerich, Ulf Panzer, Sylvia Kaden, Susan E. Quaggin, Jürgen Floege, Hermann-Josef Gröne, Christian Kurts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

During the preparation of the manuscript, the Y axis in Figure 8H
Abstract 14391: Reduced Incidence of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation With Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors in Japanese Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Takeshi Horio, Yoshio Iwashima, Kei Kamide, Takeshi Tokudome, Fumiki Yoshihara, Satoko Nakamura, Maki Akiyama, Satoshi Nishimura, Yuhei Kawano
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Several clinical trials have shown that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), are associated with lower risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF). In some recent studies, however, treatment with ARBs was not effective in reducing AF episodes in patients with paroxysmal AF or after cardioversion. Furthermore, limited data are available on whether AF incidence is affected by other classes of antihypertensive medications. This longitudinal observational study investigated the effect of RAS inhibitors and other classes of antihypertensive drugs on the new onset of AF in Japanese hypertensives.

Methods: A total of 1,022 essential hypertensive patients (mean age, 63 years) without previous paroxysmal AF, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or valvular disease were enrolled. At baseline, left atrial (LA) dimension and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were determined in echocardiographic examinations.

Results: During follow-up periods (mean, 4.6 years), 51 cases of new-onset AF (including paroxysmal AF) were found. Cumulative AF event-free rates by the Kaplan-Meier method tended to be lower in patients treated with RAS inhibitors than those without the use of those agents (6.3% and 12.0%, log-rank test P=0.057). Since the incidence of AF was influenced by age, LA size, and LVMI, and the use of RAS inhibitors was related to concomitant diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease, the effects of antihypertensive agents on the occurrence of AF were evaluated after adjustment for various confounding factors by multivariate Cox regression analysis. As a result, the use of RAS inhibitors was independently associated with a decreased risk of new-onset AF (HR 0.51, P=0.022). Ca channel blockers (HR 1.18, P=0.728), beta-blockers (HR 0.86, P=0.627), or diuretics (HR1.04, P=0.910) did not significantly affect the incidence of AF.

Conclusions: The present study showed that treatment with RAS inhibitors was associated with a reduced incidence of new-onset AF in Japanese hypertensives. Therefore, RAS inhibitors may have a beneficial effect on the primary prevention of AF in hypertensive patients, but not on recurrent AF (secondary prevention).
Abstract 425: Intermedin Induces Restoration of Endothelial Barrier Function via Rac1-Mediated Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton and VE-Cadherin
Authors: Muhammad Aslam, Frauke Haertel, Dursun Guenduez, HansMichael Piper, Thomas Noll
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Series: Funding the NHS. Is the NHS underfunded?
Authors: J. Dixon, A. Harrison, B. New
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>SUMMARY:</h3> A 68-year-old man presented with a highly symptomatic brain stem tumor originally thought to be a brain stem glioma. Intraoperative MR imaging guidance was used to resect the tumor, and real-time evoked potentials improved during surgery. Pathology findings unexpectedly indicated that the tumor was an intra-axial brain stem schwannoma, a condition reported, to our knowledge, only 6 times previously in the literature. The patient made an excellent recovery with reversal of his symptoms.
Systematic review of autoinflation for treatment of glue ear in children Commentary: Plausible candidates for treatment of glue ear---is one issue really three?
Authors: D. D Reidpath, P. P Glasziou, C. Del Mar, M. Haggard
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Autoinflation refers to the opening of the eustachian tube by blowing up a balloon with the nose, which raises intranasal pressure.Although autoinflation has been proposed for the treatment of glue ear in children it has been researched far less than surgical or pharmacological interventions, and research that has been conducted has not been reviewed systematically. Methods and resultsWe searched Medline and the Cochrane Library using "otitis media," "autoinflation," "auto-inflation," "valsalva," and "politzer" as headings.This provided 35 potential studies, five of which were randomised controlled trials (see table on website). 1-5A further unpublished trial was obtained from a pharmaceutical company (J Suonpää and R Grènman, unpublished data).All the subjects in that trial underwent myringotomy.Each of the trials used a mechanical aid to assist autoinflation of the middle ear; one trial used a modified anaesthetic mask, 1 two used toy balloons, 4 5 and three used manufactured nasal balloons 2 3 (unpublished data).Unfortunately, no two studies were comparable in several respects: method of autoinflation, selection criteria for subjects, presence of unilateral or bilateral glue ear, length of treatment (range 2-12 weeks), and level of data analysis (patient versus ear).Two studies used poorly defined outcome measures such as "recovery" (unpublished data) and "absence of effusion," 1 two studies used tympanograms, 2 3 and two studies measured improvement in hearing. 4 5One study did not provide direct data on the number of patients who improved in the treatment and control groups. 4 Instead, improvement was estimated from the sample sizes, the standard error of the mean difference between the groups, and an increased audibility of 10 dB as measured on an audiogram.None of the studies used blinding to outcome measures.We recreated an intention to treat analysis of two of the studies, which reported results from "low compliance" and "high compliance" patients separately.The figure shows the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all the studies.The study using the modified anaesthetics mask 1 and one of the toy balloon studies 5 showed no significant difference between the treatment and the controls, although the trend was towards treatment having an adverse effect on outcome.The other toy balloon study showed no significant difference between the treatment group and controls (odds ratio almost one). 4All the nasal balloon studies 2 3 (unpublished data) showed a trend towards a benefit of treatment, although only two of these studies showed a significant benefit 2 (unpublished data).For all studies combined, the odds ratio for improvement with autoinflation was 1.85 (95% confidence interval 1.22 to 2.8; P = 0.0038) suggesting a benefit.
Neonatal Hypothyroid Disease
Authors: PINAR OZGEN KIRATLI, ISKY GORDON, NIMI NAGARAJ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy is a well-established technique for diagnosing congenital hypothyroid disease. However, the biodistribution of pertechnetate (TcO4-) in neonates and young infants is not well documented. The purpose of this study was to analyze and document the biodistribution of TcO4- in young infants.Scintigraphic studies of 31 patients being examined for hypothyroid disease were analyzed. All patients had elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone. Dyshormonogenesis was diagnosed in 7 patients, ectopic thyroid glands in 19, and agenesis in 5.Images of the neck, chest, and abdomen taken in the anterior and left lateral positions using a low-energy, all-purpose collimator were reviewed. Twenty-six of the patients had no accumulation of the isotope in the salivary glands and 11 had no gastric uptake on either view.Based on the absence of salivary gland activity in the patients examined, this study suggests that this is a normal finding in infants younger than 3 months. A lateral view of the neck with markers is sufficient to localize the thyroid gland, because any activity in the neck region would belong to the thyroid. Furthermore, poor and variable uptake of the isotope in the stomach may lead to false-negative results, so caution is urged in the use of this tracer in Meckel's scintigraphy in young infants, particularly if the study findings are within normal limits.
Abstract 98: Initiation of Large-Volume, Ice-Cold Saline Infusion During Initial Resuscitation Attempts for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Results in Near-Target Temperatures for Therapeutic Hypothermia Upon Emergency Department Arrival
Authors: John Freese
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: New York City Project Hypothermia is a collaborative effort involving the Fire Department of New York (FDNY), Greater New York Hospital Association, Health and Hospitals Corporation, the Regional Emergency Medical Advisory Committee, and the New York State Department of Health. As part of this effort, the FDNY implemented a pilot protocol in the New York City 9-1-1 System on August 1, 2010 that introduced the induction of therapeutic hypothermia during initial resuscitation efforts via large-volume, pressure infused, ice-cold saline administration. Purpose: We sought to assess the effects of the intra-arrest initiation of an infusion of up to 30cc/kg of ice-cold saline on core body temperature for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA). Methods: A convenience sample of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients for whom core temperature monitoring via esophageal temperature probes was available were analyzed. Results: There were a total of 78 patients for whom core temperature (esophageal) data was available both at the time hypothermia induction and upon ED arrival. Eight patients (10.3%) were reported to have developed clinical signs of pulmonary edema during the infusion and were excluded from this analysis due to the discontinuation of the large-volume infusion. Among the remaining 70 patients, an average of 1,361mls of ice-cold saline was administered prior to emergency department arrival. The average initial temperature for these patients at the time hypothermia induction was 35.1 o C (range 32.7-38.0 o C). The average temperature reduction as a result of the large-volume, ice-cold saline infusion was -0.92 o C, with an average core temperature upon emergency department arrival of 34.2 o C. Conclusion: Large volume, ice-cold saline infusion during initial resuscitation efforts allows patients to arrive in the emergency department with a core temperature near the target range for therapeutic hypothermia. Further study is needed to assess the effects of early induction of hypothermia on immediate and long-term survival.