tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 025: Multidetector Computed Tomography Adipose Tissue Depots and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Kathryn A Britton, Joseph M Massaro, Joanne M Murabito, Udo Hoffmann, Caroline S Fox
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Ectopic fat depots may play a role in obesity-mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD). We tested the association of several distinct fat depots and incident CVD in an asymptomatic community-based sample. Methods: Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=3086, 49% women, mean age 50.2 years, free of CVD at baseline) underwent volumetric assessment of multiple fat depots using multidetector computed tomography from 2002–2005, and were followed longitudinally for CVD events. Fat depots included subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), pericardial adipose tissue, intra-thoracic adipose tissue and thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT). Adipose volumes were standardized within sex to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Cardiovascular events included coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency or angina), cerebrovascular disease (stroke or transient ischemic attack), intermittent claudication, heart failure or CVD death. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models, we examined the association of each fat depot with the risk of CVD after adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, hypertension treatment, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, and then additionally for BMI. We additionally examined the association of pericardial fat and incident coronary heart disease. Results: During a mean follow-up of 4.7 years, 90 CVD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, intra-thoracic fat and TAT were significantly associated with incident CVD events. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) per each standard deviation higher were 1.37 (1.10–1.71, p=0.006 [VAT]), 1.30 (1.05–1.60, p=0.02 [VAT/SAT ratio]), 1.28 (1.03–1.59, p=0.03 [intra-thoracic fat]), and 1.30 (1.03–1.67, p=0.03 [TAT]), respectively. We observed no association between BMI (HR 1.15, 0.92–1.43, p=0.21), SAT (HR 1.13, 0.90–1.42, p=0.28) or pericardial fat (HR 1.14, 0.95–1.37, p=0.15) and incident CVD. After additional adjustment for BMI, VAT, VAT/SAT ratio and TAT remained significantly associated with incident CVD events [HR 1.44 (1.08–1.92, p=0.01 [VAT]), 1.34 (1.08–1.65, p=0.007 [VAT/SAT ratio]), and 1.31 (1.03–1.67, p=0.03 [TAT])], respectively. Pericardial fat was also not associated with incident coronary heart disease, even when limiting our events to myocardial infarction or coronary heart disease death (HR 0.97, p=0.81). Conclusion: Several distinct ectopic fat depots, including VAT, VAT/SAT ratio, intra-thoracic fat, and TAT, but not generalized obesity, are significantly associated with CVD events after adjustment for risk factors in our community-based sample. These findings support the growing recognition of several potentially pathogenic ectopic fat depots.
Abstract P061: Effects of Black Tea With and Without a Fat Load on Vascular Function in Mildly Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Davide Grassi, Richard Draijer, Giovambattista Desideri, Theo Mulder, Claudio Ferri
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Endothelial dysfunction is an early biomarker for the development of cardiovascular disease and a predictor of future cardiovascular events. A number of intervention studies in healthy and diseased subjects have reported that endothelial function, as assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), is positively affected by black tea consumption. On the other hand, high calorie fatty meals are detrimental to endothelial function. Hypothesis: To assess the effect of black tea with and without a fat load on FMD, digital volume pulse (DVP) and office blood pressure (BP) in never treated grade 1 hypertensive subjects without additional cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 19 grade 1 hypertensives were assigned to consume black tea, containing 150 mg polyphenols or a placebo drink matched for caffeine, color and taste, twice a day for eight days, with a wash-out period in between of 13 days. On day 7 all measurements were performed in a fasted state, while on day 8 subjects consumed ultra-heat-treated whipping cream (1 gram fat per kg bodyweight) 30 minutes after consuming the test products. FMD, DVP and BP were measured at baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after consumption of the test products. Results: Baseline FMD improved after 1-week tea consumption when compared to placebo (p&lt;0.0001). An additional cup of tea further increased FMD at 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after consumption when compared to baseline with maximal response 2 hours after intake (p&lt;0.0001). Fat challenge significantly decreased FMD (p&lt;0.0001), which was counteracted by tea consumption. Tea improved reflection index (small vessel tone; p&lt;0.0001) and stiffness index (large arterial stiffness; p&lt;0.0001) with additional effects after acute tea consumption with and without fat load. Further, tea decreased systolic and diastolic BP with and without a fat load (all p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: We demonstrate for the first time that moderate consumption of black tea protects against oral fat load-induced endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive but otherwise healthy subjects. The vascular benefits of tea are also reflected in improved endothelial function and peripheral arterial hemodynamics as well as blood pressure lowering under fasted and postprandial conditions. Our findings are of clinical relevance and interest, considering that the ingestion of the main daily meal has been suggested to be a trigger for acute myocardial infarction.
Abstract 1718: Granzyme B Co-localizes to Elastin and Plays a Major Role in Diseases Associated with Hyperlipidemia and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Rani P Cruz, Wendy A Boivin, Hongyan Zhao, Jonathan C Choy, Bruce M McManus, David J Granville
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Granzyme B (GrB) is a cytotoxic serine protease that is expressed in certain subsets of T-cells, NK cells and macrophages. We have shown that GrB is lipophillic and present in lipid-r...
Delayed-Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Coronary Artery Wall Imaging
Authors: Susan B. Yeon, Adeel Sabir, Melvin Clouse, Pedro O. Martinezclark, Dana C. Peters, Thomas H. Hauser, C. Michael Gibson, Reza Nezafat, David Maintz, Warren J. Manning, René M. Botnar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Abstract 2798: Clinical Implications of Distal Embolization during Coronary Interventional Procedures in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Impact on Capillary Integrity
Authors: Atsunori Okamura, Hiroshi Ito, Katsuomi Iwakura, Shigeo Kawano, Toshiya Kurotobi, Yasushi Koyama, Motoo Date, Koichi Inoue, Kenshi Fujii
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Distal embolization to small arteries and arterioles is one of the major complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and we quantif...
Abstract 1664: Impact of Ischemic Burden and Revascularization on Outcomes among Patients Receiving Drug Therapy Versus an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator in MUSTT: Evidence for Ischemia Induced Proarrhythmia
Authors: Mark A Crandall, Thomas J Bunch, Thomas M Munger, Gail Hafley, Kerry L Lee, Alfred E Buxton, Douglas L Packer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background. ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden death in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular dysfunction is well established. However debate exists between the relationship between ischemia and the proarrhythmic state. Persistent ischemia may counter antiarrhythmic (AA) drug and/or device efficacy. Furthermore, the extent to which revascularization mitigates this influence of ischemia on efficacy is unknown. Methods . 704 patients enrolled in the MUSTT trial were studied. Ischemia was determined by the presence of angina within 6 weeks of enrollment and ≥ 2 reversible thallium defects. Revascularization was characterized as CABG or PTCA within 1 year of enrollment or the use of thrombolytics with the sentinal myocardial infarction (MI). We compared groups who were randomized to background medical treatment (BG Rx) verses those who were randomized to AA drug therapy in addition to EP testing (EP AARx). Results . 507 (81%) patients had ≤2 vessel CAD, whereas the remaining 19% had 3 vessel disease. 268 patients reported angina within 6 weeks of study enrollment. Thallium imaging revealed 0–1 defects in 458 (65%) and ≥2 in another 246 (35%). Those with ≥ 2 defects on Thallium and angina within 6 weeks of device implant had a significantly lower 5-year freedom from mortality in the EP AARx and BG Rx cohorts (Table ). Patients with EP AARx had an 8% lower mortality than those with BG Rx therapy alone if they received thrombolytics. However, if they did not receive thrombolytics, their mortality rate was 5% higher than the BG Rx group. Conclusion . Outcomes are worse in patients on antiarrhythmic therapy with ischemic factors compared to those on background therapy alone, particularly in the setting of recent angina. A proarrhythmic effect from antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with ischemia may underlie the higher mortality. ICD therapy mitigates the negative long-term effect of ischemia on mortality in those treated with AA therapy. Five Year Freedom from Mortality
Abstract 13611: Analysing Microvascular Alterations During Minimal Extracoporal Circulation and Conventional Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Coronary Bypass Surgery Using Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging: A Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Peter Donndorf, Alexander Kaminski, Franziska Kuhn, Jan Rosner, Angela Alms, Brigitte Vollmar, Philipp Gierer, Andreas Liebold, Gustav Steinhoff
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: In order to minimize cardiopulmonary bypass related side effects, minimal extracorporeal circulation systems have been developed and introduced successfully in the clinical routine, off...
Mania compared with unipolar depression in old age
Authors: K I Shulman, M Tohen, A Satlin, G Mallya, D Kalunian
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The goal of this study was to clarify the meaning and importance of mania in old age.The authors conducted a retrospective study of 50 elderly patients consecutively admitted to a private mental hospital with an index episode of mania. As a comparison group, they used 50 age- and sex-matched patients with unipolar depression. They reviewed the charts of the 100 patients for family history, clinical course, and neurological disorders. Outcome was determined by contacting patients, families, physicians, institutional settings, and vital statistics records. Survival analysis compared mortality rates.The manic patients had a greater familial predisposition to affective disorder and were younger at first psychiatric hospitalization. For the 20 manic patients whose first affective episode was depression, an average of 15 years elapsed before mania became manifest. Eighteen of the manic patients, compared with only four of the depressed patients, had neurological disorders. The manic patients had a significantly higher mortality rate than the depressed patients; by the end of the follow-up, 25 of the manic patients, compared with 10 of the depressed patients, had died.Mania appears to have a poorer prognosis and to be a more severe form of affective illness than unipolar depression. The 18 manic patients with neurological disorders seemed to have "secondary mania." Subtle cerebral changes due to aging may have been responsible for the conversion to mania in the 20 patients who experienced a long latency from first depression to onset of mania. The low frequency of early-onset mania in this study group highlights the need to differentiate early- from late-onset mania.
Implications of supervision registers in psychiatry
Authors: T Davies, R Laugharne
Journal: BMJ (1994)

obesity represents one of the worst risks for an anaesthetist and also complicates the whole obstetric episode.Its incidence is rising for various reasons, and the problem is not being addressed.Anaesthetists can improve their practice, as recommended in the report, but cannot alone counter the consequences ofpatients' self abuse.The health education message should not be blurred and needs to be directed in particular at younger patients, such as those in the obstetric population.The findings of the report represent an opportunity to promote the present benefits of weight reduction that should not be missed.
Abstract 1250: Loss Of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (grk2) In Cardiac Myocytes Protects Against Structural Heart Disease
Authors: Philip W Raake, Leif E Vinge, Erhe Gao, Xiongwen Chen, Naser Jaleel, Steven R Houser, Gerald W Dorn, Walter J Koch
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We have previously shown that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2 or BARK1) is a critical regulator of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor (BAR) signaling and cardiac function. Inhibition of the...
Abstract 4373: Effects of Darbepoetin-Alpha on Plasma Markers of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Anemic Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: John Parissis, Kallirhoe Kourea, Ioanna Andreadou, Ignatios Ikonomidis, Konstadinos Ioannidis, Sophia kiroudis, Gerasimos Filippatos, Dimitrios Kremastinos
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Increased oxidative and nitrosative stress may be important pathophysiologic mechanisms that mediate cardiac and vascular dysfunction in chronic heart failure (CHF). This study investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin analogue darbepoetin-alpha(α) on plasma markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress along with cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with CHF and anemia. Thirty CHF patients [Hew York Heart Association class, II-III; LV ejection fraction (EF) &lt;40%; hemoglobin &lt;12.5 g/dl; serum creatinine &lt;2.5 mg/dl] were randomized (1:1) to receive either a 3-month darbepoetin-α regimen at 1.5 μg/Kg every 20 days plus oral iron or placebo plus oral iron. Echocardiographic indices of LV function, plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and plasma markers of oxidative [oxidative: malondyaldheyde (MDA), carbonyl proteins; anti-oxidative: glutathione) and nitrosative (nitrotyrosine) stress, and 6-min walked distance were assessed at baseline and post-treatment. A significant improvement of LV ejection fraction (p&lt;0.01) and six min walked distance (p&lt;0.001) was observed only in darbepoetin-treated patients. Moreover, plasma BNP (661±858 from 1102±1200 pg/ml, p&lt;0.001), MDA (2.1±0.9 from 2.5±0.8 ng/ml, p&lt;0.01), protein carbonyl (1.7±0.6 from 2.1±0.7 ng/ml, p&lt;0.01) were significantly reduced, while plasma anti-oxidative enzyme glutathione (124±11 from 116±10 ng/ml, p&lt;0.05) was increased after darbepoetin treatment. These factors remained unaffected in placebo-treated patients. Darbepoetin-induced percent changes in carbonyl protein was significantly correlated with respective changes in BNP (r=0.55, p&lt;0.05) and LV ejection fraction (r=−0.46, p&lt;0.05). Finally, a drug-induced percent reduction in nitrotyrosine was significantly correlated with the respective improvement in 6 min walked distance (r=−0.63 p&lt;0.05). Darbepoetin seems to attenuate deleterious effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress into cardiovascular system of anemic patients with CHF. This beneficial action may be related with the drug-induced improvement of cardiac function and exercise capacity of these patients.
Seclusion: uses and complications
Authors: M R Mattson, M H Sacks
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

A total of 7.2% of the patients in a private psychiatric hospital were placed in seclusion during a one-year study. These 63 patients had a more frequent diagnosis of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, manic type, than a comparison group. Significant intergroup differences in age and length of hospitalization became insignificant when the seclusion patients under 20 were excluded. Although seclusion was often used to protect patients, others, and property, the most frequent reason was to maintain a therapeutic environment. This study pointed toward a staff tendency to see the "problem" of the patient's behavior as being solved by seclusion rather than viewing seclusion as an intensive care environment in which the patient's behavior and treatment could be morec arefully monitored.
Differential circulation kinetics during antiangiogenic therapy of four distinct blood cell populations expressing endothelial markers
Authors: D. G. Duda, K. S. Cohen, E. Di Tomaso, D. T. Scadden, C. G. Willett, R. K. Jain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

3038 Background: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are evaluated as potential biomarker of antiangiogenic therapy. CD146 is an endothelial marker, but its use as a single marker to detect CECs is questionable. In addition, several sub-populations of CECs are thought to exist. Methods: We analyzed the expression of CD31, CD34, CD45, CD133 and CD146 on mononuclear blood cells and primary tissue endothelial cells by flow cytometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Furthermore, we investigated by flow cytometry the phenotype of blood cells expressing endothelial markers and evaluated their changes VEGF blockade by bevacizumab in ten rectal cancer patients enrolled in a Phase I trial. Percent values obtained at days 3 and 12 after bevacizumab infusion were compared with pre-treatment values in individual patients using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In the blood, CD146 primarily marked cells with lymphoid markers (CD3 and CD4). CD146 was largely undetectable on blood CD31+CD45- CECs or CD34+CD133+ progenitor cells. In contradistinction, CD146 was detectable in tissues on both cellular components of the vessel wall: CD31brightCD45- endothelial cells and CD31-CD45- pericytes. The CD31+CD45- CEC population contained two distinct populations: CD31brightCD34+CD45- (viable CECs) and CD31dimCD45- (mostly non-viable CECs). Unlike CD31brightCD45- CECs and CD34+CD133+ progenitor cells, CD146+ and CD31dimCD45- cell concentration in the peripheral blood of cancer patients did not decrease during VEGF blockade. Conclusions: In the blood of cancer patients, we identified 4 distinct populations using endothelial markers. CD146 identified T lymphocytes. Within the CD31+CD45- CEC population, there were 2 distinct subpopulations, while the rare progenitor populations localized primarily within the CD45+ hematopoietic cell pool. The changes in blood concentration of these 4 cell types during anti-VEGF therapy were distinct in individual patients. These results underscore the need for further characterization and identification of new markers for CEC subpopulations for their development as biomarkers of antiangiogenic therapy. [Table: see text]
Abstract 12611: Economical and Efficient Production of Cardiac Myocytes From ES Cells and iPS Cells Using Small Molecule-Responsive Artificial Receptors For Wnt3a Signal Transduction
Authors: Takahiro Sogo, Asako Shigeno, Maruno Takaaki, Koji Hasegawa, Masahiro Kawahara, Hiroshi Ueda, Teruyuki Nagamune, Teruhisa Kawamura
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Myocardial regeneration therapy using embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been expected as a promising approach for end-staged heart failure. Recent studies including ours reported that canonical Wnt signal activation by Wnt3a in the early phase of mouse ES/iPS cell differentiation plays a pivotal role in efficient myocardial cell differentiation. Problems about the cost and the quality of recombinant Wnt3a protein, however, compromise the utility of this approach to create sufficient amounts of cardiac myocytes for cell implantation. To address these issues, we attempted to generate small-molecule-responsive artificial receptors which can activate the Wnt3a signal transduction. First, we constructed antibody/receptor chimeras, in which single-chain Fv of anti-fluorescein (FL) antibody was tethered to transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains of Wnt3a receptors, so that they could transduce the Wnt3a signal pathway in response to FL-conjugated BSA (BSA-FL) as a cognate ligand, which costs about 2000 times less than recombinant Wnt3a protein. Signal activations by these chimeric receptors were measured by luciferase reporter assay for TCF/β-catenin dependent transcription, one of the common downstream targets of canonical Wnt signal pathways. ES/iPS cells transfected with the chimeric receptors showed increased luciferase activity by BSA-FL treatment in a dose dependent manner. These activations were similar to the level when the cells are treated with 10 to 100ng/ml of recombinant Wnt3a protein. In addition, these signal activities were not perturbed by Dkk1, an antagonist of Wnt3a, suggesting that the signal transduction via chimeric receptors is independent of the Wnt3a ligand. Finally, BSA-FL treatment in the early phase of differentiation increased the efficiency for cardiac differentiation in ES/iPS cell lines stably expressing these receptors but not in the mock-expressing cell lines, exemplified by the beating ratio (BSA-FL 100% vs Control 53.6%). Application of this technology to ES/iPS cell differentiation could be a powerful tool for efficient and economical creation of cardiac myocytes for heart regeneration therapy.
Effectiveness of the 2010/11 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in Spain: preliminary results of a case–control study
Authors: C Savulescu, S Jiménez-Jorge, S de Mateo, J Ledesma, F Pozo, I Casas, A Larrauri, Collective cycEVA Study Team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Abstract 5849: The Effects of Statins and Prenylation Inhibitors on Chronic Rejection in Heart Transplantation
Authors: William Stein, Satoshi Itoh, Jason Bartos, Sonja Schrepfer, Robert Robbins, Michael Fischbein
Journal: Circulation (2008)

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins) increase patient survival and decrease Graft Coronary Artery Disease (GCAD) in heart transplants. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, the protective role of statins may be attributed to two factors: modifications in cholesterol metabolism or small G protein prenylation, and/or immunosuppression or changes on graft endothelial cell (EC) and smooth muscle cell (SMC) function. We hypothesized that statins attenuate GCAD development through alterations in G protein prenylation primarily in graft SMC and EC. Using a murine heterotopic heart transplant model (B6 BM12 to C57BL/6), animals received no treatment (control); HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitor (Atorvastatin, AT); or drugs that selectively block the four major downstream branches of the mevalonate pathway (squalene synthase (ZA), farnesyl protein transferase (MA), geranylgeranyl protein transferase (GGPT-2) (NE), GGPT-1 and -2 (PA), and both FPT and GGPT-2 (NE+MA)). Intimal proliferation was measured with morphometric analysis. In vitro assays were utilized to determine SMC activity, T-cell function, and EC MHC-2 expression. AT, MA, and NE significantly decreased GCAD development, while ZA and NE+MA had no effect (control 63.2± 38%, AT 29.3± 37.5%, MA 43.0± 39.3%, PA 47.5+/−42.5%, NE 24.7± 37.1%, ZA 65.4± 32.5%; p&lt; 0.01). After 5 days of therapy, ELISPOT analysis revealed that all selective inhibitors decreased the Th2 response, and all except AT decreased the Th1 response, with NE levels equivalent to syngeneic controls (p&lt; 0.001). In vitro, inhibition with AT, PA, or NE reduced SMC proliferation and migration compared to controls (p&lt; 0.01). IFNγ-stimulated MHC-2 expression on EC decreased with AT, PA, or NE treatment in a dose dependent manner (p&lt; 0.01). This is the first study to evaluate the effects of prenylation inhibitors on both recipient and graft responses to heart transplantation. Our data shows that inhibition of GGPT-2, and not cholesterol synthesis, is the molecular target of statins’ attenuation of GCAD. Our data suggests that the beneficial effects seen with statin therapy after heart transplant are due to decreased T-cell function and decreased graft SMC and EC function.