tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Ghazal and Melancholy
Authors: Rafael Campo
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social Vulnerability, Intervention Utilization, and Outcomes in US Adults Hospitalized With Influenza
Authors: Katherine Adams, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, Catherine H. Bozio, Seema Jain, Pam Daily Kirley, Isaac Armistead, Nisha B. Alden, Kyle P. Openo, Lucy S. Witt, Maya L. Monroe, Sue Kim, Anna Falkowski, Ruth Lynfield, Melissa McMahon, Marisa R. Hoffman, Yomei P. Shaw, Nancy L. Spina, Adam Rowe, Christina B. Felsen, Erin Licherdell, Krista Lung, Eli Shiltz, Ann Thomas, H. Keipp Talbot, William Schaffner, Melanie T. Crossland, Kristen P. Olsen, Larry W. Chang, Charisse N. Cummings, Mark W. Tenforde, Shikha Garg, James L. Hadler, Alissa O’Halloran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Seasonal influenza is associated with substantial disease burden. The relationship between census tract-based social vulnerability and clinical outcomes among patients with influenza remains unknown.
Testing and Masking Policies and Hospital-Onset Respiratory Viral Infections
Authors: Theodore R. Pak, Tom Chen, Sanjat Kanjilal, Caroline S. McKenna, Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study examines the ratio between hospital- and community-onset respiratory viral infections at different levels of testing and masking from 2020 to 2024.
Abortion Surveillance — United States, 2022
Authors: Stephanie Ramer, Antoinette T. Nguyen, Lisa M. Hollier, Jessica Rodenhizer, Lee Warner, Maura K. Whiteman
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2024)

CDC conducts abortion surveillance to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions and the number of abortion-related deaths in the United States.
Concerns Regarding the Utility of High-Risk Pancreatic Cancer Surveillance—Reply
Authors: Amanda L. Blackford, Marcia Irene Canto, Michael Goggins
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Meningitis (bacterial) and meningococcal disease: recognition, diagnosis and management—summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: Aye Paing, Laura Elliff-O’Shea, Lisa Boardman, David Turner, Linda Glennie
Journal: BMJ (2024)

### What you need to know Bacterial meningitis and meningococcal disease are uncommon but life-threatening conditions. Early recognition is important but difficult because of the non-specific ways in which individuals present. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) initially published guidance on the conditions in 2010 and, after a surveillance review in 2018, updated it following changes in guideline development methodology and to reflect recent developments in vaccination.1 The 2024 guidance also extends the population of the original guideline from children only to including recommendations for adults.1 The term "bacterial meningitis" includes meningococcal meningitis without meningococcal sepsis and meningitis caused by other bacteria, while the term "meningococcal disease" includes meningococcal sepsis with or without meningococcal meningitis. Evidence for the two conditions was reviewed separately but considered in parallel. Whether separate recommendations were needed for each condition was decided based on the evidence and Guideline Committee's experience. In this article, we summarise selected recommendations related to early recognition of these conditions, timing of investigations, initiating antibiotic therapy, and follow-up. NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Committee's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
Race and Ethnicity, Gender, and Promotion of Physicians in Academic Medicine
Authors: Lauren Clark, Elena Shergina, Nathalia Machado, Taneisha S. Scheuermann, Nasrin Sultana, Deepika Polineni, Grace H. Shih, Robert D. Simari, Jo A. Wick, Kimber P. Richter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The ranks of academic physicians do not reflect the diversity of the US population. To create a diverse and effective medical workforce, it is important to know the extent to which gender, race and ethnicity, and the intersection of these factors are associated with career advancement. Objective To assess whether race and ethnicity and gender are associated with appointment to or promotion within academic medicine. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used Association of American Medical Colleges data on graduates of all US MD-granting medical schools from 1979 to 2019 merged with faculty appointment data since 2000. Data for this study are based on a February 19, 2021, snapshot. The analysis was performed from March 8, 2021, to May 5, 2023. Exposure Gender and race and ethnicity among physician graduates. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was full-time faculty appointments and promotions to the ranks of instructor, assistant professor, associate professor, full professor, and department chair. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the differences in likelihood of appointment and promotion for racial and ethnic minority men and women compared with White men. Results The analytic sample included 673 573 graduates (mean [SD] age at graduation, 28.1 [3.2] years; 59.7% male; and 15.2% identifying as Asian, 6.1% as Black, and 69.6% as White). White men accounted for the largest subgroup of graduates (43.8%). Asian men, Asian women, Black women, and White women were more likely than White men to be appointed to entry-level positions. Among physicians graduating both before and after 2000, White men were more likely to be promoted to upper ranks compared with physicians of nearly every other combination of gender and race and ethnicity. Among physicians graduating prior to 2000, Black women were 55% less likely (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.41-0.49) to be promoted to associate professor (n = 131 457) and 41% less likely (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.51-0.69) to be promoted to full professor (n = 43 677) compared with White men. Conversely, Black men (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03-1.61) were more likely to be appointed as department chair (n = 140 052) than White men. Conclusions and Relevance These findings indicate that preferential promotion of White men within academic medicine continues to persist in the new millennium, with racially and ethnically diverse women experiencing greater underpromotion. To achieve a workforce that reflects the diversity of the US population, this study suggests that academic medicine needs to transform its culture and practices surrounding faculty appointments and promotions.
Language Preference, Surgical Wait Time, and Outcomes Among Older Adults With Hip Fracture
Authors: Christina Reppas-Rindlisbacher, Alexa Boblitz, Sho Podolsky, Robert A. Fowler, Lauren Lapointe-Shaw, Kathleen A. Sheehan, Therese A. Stukel, Nathan M. Stall, Paula A. Rochon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Patients with a non–English language preference served within English-dominant health care settings are at increased risk of adverse events that may be associated with communication barriers and inequitable access to care. Objective To investigate the association of non–English language preference with surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes in older patients undergoing hip fracture repair. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked databases to measure surgical wait time and postoperative outcomes among older adults (aged ≥66 years) in Ontario, Canada, who underwent hip fracture surgery between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Propensity-based overlap weighting accounting for baseline patient characteristics was used to compare primary and secondary outcomes. Exposure Non–English language preference. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was surgical delay beyond 24 hours. Secondary outcomes included time to surgery, surgical delay beyond 48 hours, postoperative medical complications, length of stay, discharge destination, 30-day mortality, and 30-day hospital readmission. Results Among 35 238 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, 28 815 individuals (81.8%) were English speakers (mean [SD] age, 84.4 [8.0] years; 19 965 female [69.3%]) and 6423 individuals (18.2%) were non-English speakers (mean [SD] age, 85.5 [7.0] years; 4556 female [70.9%]). The median (IQR) wait time for surgery was similar for English (24 [16-41] hours) and non-English (25 [16-42] hours) speakers. There was no significant difference in surgical delay beyond 24 hours between English-speaking and non–English-speaking patients (3321 patients [51.7%] vs 14 499 patients [50.3%]; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.03). Compared with English speakers, patients with a non–English language preference had increased risk of delirium (4207 patients [14.6%] vs 1209 patients [18.8%]; aRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.17), myocardial infarction (150 patients [0.5%] vs 43 patients [0.7%]; aRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.04-2.22), longer length of stay (median [IQR], 10 [6-17] vs 11 [7-20] days; aRR per 1-day increase, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.15), and more frequent discharge to a nursing home (1814 of 26 673 patients surviving to discharge [6.8%] vs 413 of 5903 patients surviving to discharge [7.0%]; aRR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). Conclusions and Relevance In this study of older adults with hip fracture, non–English language preference was associated with increased risk of delirium, myocardial infarction, longer length of stay, and discharge to a nursing home. These findings suggest inequities in hip fracture care for patients with a non–English language preference.
Refrain From the Drain? The ADIGE Trial Brings Gastrectomy to the Debate
Authors: Max R. Coffey, Kyle E. Lambert, Vivian E. Strong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Cervical Cancer Mortality Among US Women Younger Than 25 Years, 1992-2021
Authors: Poria Dorali, Haluk Damgacioglu, Megan A. Clarke, Nicolas Wentzensen, Brian C. Orr, Kalyani Sonawane, Ashish A. Deshmukh
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study examines trends in cervical cancer mortality in US women aged younger than 25 years before and after the introduction of human papillomavirus vaccines.
Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Severe Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Erwan Donal, Julien Dreyfus, Guillaume Leurent, Augustin Coisne, Pierre-Yves Leroux, Anne Ganivet, Catherine Sportouch, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Patrice Guerin, Frédéric Rouleau, Christelle Diakov, Jan van der Heyden, Stéphane Lafitte, Jean-François Obadia, Mohammed Nejjari, Nicole Karam, Anne Bernard, Antoinette Neylon, Romain Pierrard, Didier Tchetche, Said Ghostine, Gregory Ducrocq, Thiziri Si Moussi, Antoine Jeu, Marcel Peltier, Bernard Cosyns, Yvan Le Dolley, Gilbert Habib, Vincent Auffret, Florent Le Ven, François Picard, Nicolas Piriou, Thierry Laperche, Elena Galli, Sabina Istratoaie, Jerome Jouan, Guillaume Bonnet, Pascal de Groote, Amedeo Anselmi, Jean-Noel Trochu, Emmanuel Oger
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Correction of tricuspid regurgitation using tricuspid transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (T-TEER) in addition to guideline-directed optimized medical therapy (OMT) may improve clinical outcomes. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of T-TEER + OMT vs OMT alone in patients with severe, symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation. Design, Setting, and Participants Investigator-initiated, prospective, randomized (1:1) trial evaluating T-TEER + OMT vs OMT alone in adult patients with severe, symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation. The trial was conducted at 24 centers in France and Belgium (March 2021 to March 2023; latest follow-up in April 2024). Intervention Patients were randomized to T-TEER + OMT or OMT alone. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was a composite clinical end point at 1 year comprising change in New York Heart Association class, change in patient global assessment, or occurrence of major cardiovascular events. Tricuspid regurgitation severity was the first of 6 secondary outcomes analyzed in a hierarchical closed-testing procedure, including Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score, patient global assessment, and a composite outcome of all-cause death, tricuspid valve surgery, KCCQ score improvement, or time to hospitalization for heart failure. Results Of 300 enrolled patients (mean age, 78 [SD, 6] years, 63.7% women), 152 were allocated to T-TEER + OMT and 148 to OMT alone. At 1 year, 109 patients (74.1%) in the T-TEER + OMT group had an improved composite score compared with 58 patients (40.6%) in the OMT-alone group. Massive or torrential tricuspid regurgitation was found in 6.8% of patients in the T-TEER + OMT group and in 53.5% of those in the OMT-alone group ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Mean overall KCCQ summary score at 1 year was 69.9 (SD, 25.5) for the T-TEER + OMT group and 55.4 (SD, 28.8) for the OMT-alone group ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). The win ratio for the composite secondary outcome was 2.06 (95% CI, 1.38-3.08) ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conclusions and Relevance T-TEER reduces tricuspid regurgitation severity and improves a composite score driven by improved patient-reported outcome measures in patients with severe, symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04646811
Tirzepatide for Weight Reduction in Chinese Adults With Obesity—Reply
Authors: Lin Zhao, Xiaoying Li
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association between e-cigarette exposure and ventilation homogeneity in young adults: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sanja Stanojevic, Mei Ha Yung, Berke Sahin, Noah Johnson, Hanna Stewart, Olivier D. Laflamme, Geoffrey Maksym, Dimas Mateos-Corral, Mark Asbridge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background The number of young people who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is rising. It remains unclear whether e-cigarettes use impairs lung function. We aimed to compare ventilation distribution between young adults exposed to e-cigarettes with an unexposed group. Methods Study participants included otherwise healthy young adults (18 to 24 years) who self-reported e-cigarette use, and participates who had no history of e-cigarette, tobacco or cannabis exposure. Exposure to e-cigarettes was defined using three measures 1) ever exposed, 2) daily use, and 3) puff frequency, which includes: none (unexposed), low (1–2 puffs/hour), moderate (3–4 puffs/hour) and heavy (5+ puffs/hour). Ventilation distribution was measured using the multiple breath washout test and reported as lung clearance index (LCI). Results A total of 93 participants were recruited, 38 unexposed and 41 exposed participants had LCI measures. The exposed group consisted predominately of participants who used flavoured e-liquids (94.5%) that contained nicotine (93.5%). The magnitude and direction of the difference in LCI across the exposure definitions was similar. Compared with the unexposed group, in the unadjusted models LCI was higher in those with any e-cigarette use (mean difference 0.16 units; 95% CI 0.004; 0.31), daily users (mean difference 0.11; 95% CI 0.06; 0.28) and heavy users (mean difference 0.22; 95% CI 0.03; 0.41). Conclusion This preliminary work suggests that LCI may be a useful biomarker to measure the effects of e-cigarette use on ventilation distribution and to track early functional impairment of the small airways.
Protection against Clostridioides difficile disease by a naturally avirulent strain
Authors: Qiwen Dong, Stephen Harper, Emma McSpadden, Sophie S Son, Marie-Maude Allen, Huaiying Lin, Rita C Smith, Carolyn Metcalfe, Victoria Burgo, Che Woodson, Anitha Sundararajan, Amber Rose, Mary McMillin, David Moran, Jessica Little, Michael W Mullowney, Ashley M Sidebottom, Louis-Charles Fortier, Aimee Shen, Eric G Pamer
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Prognostic relevance of Exercise Pulmonary Hypertension: Results of the multi-center PEX-NET Clinical Research Collaboration
Authors: Gabor Kovacs, Marc Humbert, Alexander Avian, Gregory D. Lewis, Silvia Ulrich, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Rogerio Souza, Nazzareno Galiè, Rajeev Malhotra, Stephanie Saxer, Ekkehard Grünig, Benjamin Egenlauf, Ralf Ewert, Alexander Heine, Ryan J. Tedford, Brian A. Houston, Krzysztof Kasperowicz, Marcin Kurzyna, Stephan Rosenkranz, Simon Herkenrath, Joan Albert Barbera, Isabel Blanco, Rudolf K. F. Oliveira, Mads Andersen, Laurent Savale, David Systrom, Bradley A. Maron, Khodr Tello, Robin Condliffe, Susanna Mak, Claudia Baratto, Steven Hsu, Michele D'Alto, Colm McCabe, Philippe Herve, Horst Olschewski
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Exercise pulmonary hypertension (exercise PH) was defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP)/cardiac output (CO) slope &gt;3 mmHg·L −1 ·min −1 between rest and exercise in the 2022 ESC/ERS PH guidelines. However, large, multi-center studies on the prognostic relevance of exercise hemodynamics and its added value to resting hemodynamics are missing. Patients and Methods The PEX-NET (Pulmonary Hemodynamics during Exercise Network) registry enrolled patients who underwent clinically indicated right heart catheterizations both at rest and ergometer exercise from 23 PH-centers worldwide. In this retrospective analysis we included subjects with resting mPAP&lt;25 mmHg and complete hemodynamic data at rest and exercise in the same body position. Mixed effects Cox proportional hazard models with random effect center were applied to identify independent markers of prognosis among the hemodynamic parameters. Results We included n=764 patients (64% females, age: 59yrs (IQR:46–69), mPAP: 17 mmHg (IQR:14–20)). Median observation time was 6.8yrs (range:0.1–15.9) and 87 patients (11%) died during follow-up. After adjustment for age, sex, hemoglobin level, and resting hemodynamics, CO (p=0.001; HR: 0.85 (95%CI:0.77–0.93)) and trans-pulmonary gradient (p=0.044; HR: 1.04 (95%CI:1.00–1.08)) at peak exercise and the mPAP/CO slope (p&lt;0.001; HR: 1.12 (95%CI:1.06–1.18)) were the only independent predictors of prognosis. Patients with mPAP/CO slope &gt;3 mmHg·L −1 ·min −1 had significantly worse survival compared to those with ≤3 mmHg·L −1 ·min −1 (p=0.013; HR: 2.04 (95%CI:1.16–3.58)). Conclusion The mPAP/CO slope is a robust and independent predictor of prognosis in patients with normal or mildly elevated resting pulmonary arterial pressure that provides prognostic information beyond resting hemodynamics and appears suitable to define exercise PH.