tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Childhood mastocytosis: challenges and potential shortfalls in current disease classification
Authors: Antonio Torrelo, Isabel Colmenero, Iván Alvarez-Twose
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract The skin is the organ most frequently involved in childhood mastocytosis. In this article, we present a comprehensive update on recent relevant data in the field of childhood mastocytosis, and critically review the drawbacks of its current classification and skin manifestations. We hypothesize that two main types of childhood mastocytosis can be recognized, with relevant implications for the outcome, management and understanding of the disease.
Genetic databases in the era of ‘DSI’ benefit-sharing
Authors: Mathieu Rouard, Amber Hartman Scholz, Michael Halewood
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2025)

Genetic databases drive research by enabling open access. Recently, parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed on new rules for sharing benefits from the use of digital sequence information (DSI) which upholds open access, and also imposed new requirements for data depositors, database managers, and users.
Otitis Media With Effusion (<scp>OME</scp>) and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: The Role of Allergy and Immunity—An <scp>EAACI</scp> Position Paper
Authors: L. Klimek, H. A. Brough, S. Arasi, S. Toppila‐Salmi, C. Bergmann, M. Jutel, J. Bousquet, V. Hox, P. Gevaert, P. V. Tomazic, C. Rondón Segovia, C. Cingi, M. Cuevas, M. Gröger, P. Huber, S. Reitsma, M. Rudenko, J. Maza‐Solano, S. Gane, A. Karavelia, L. van Gerven, M. Schiappoli, B. Bozkurt, S. Becker, A. Chaker, B. Wollenberg, R. Mösges, T. Huppertz, J. Hagemann, O. Palomares, F. Bärhold, O. Pfaar, S. Del Giacco, P. Bonadonna, A. Moreira, I. Agache, C. A. Akdis, W. Fokkens, J. Walusiak‐Skorupa, L. de las Vecillas, M. Alvaro Lozano, M. Giovannini, E. Untersmayr, W. Feleszko, A. Cianferoni, U. M. Sahiner, I. Eguiluz‐Gracia, M. Shamji, M. J. Torres Jaén
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT IgE‐mediated allergies play a significant role in respiratory diseases. Given the similar mucosal epithelium of the upper and lower respiratory tracts and their shared (patho)physiological immune responses, the “unified airways” concept views these tracts as a single system. Recently, this model has been extended to include the middle ear, with studies confirming that the Eustachian tube and middle ear are both anatomically and functionally part of the upper airways. However, the relationship between allergies and middle ear disorders remains controversial, with conflicting findings regarding pathogenesis and treatment. The increasing prevalence of allergies highlights the importance of further research. In Germany, the current sensitization rate to aeroallergens is 33.6%, with similar trends across Europe, where rates commonly range up to 30%. This widespread increase underscores the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the correlation between allergies and middle ear disorders across diverse European populations. Ineffective pharmacotherapy or possibly harmful medication for acute and chronic OME, such as systemic steroids, is most likely used globally in an uninformed way, due to a lack of evidence on the connection between allergic inflammation and eustachian tube dysfunction. Further research is essential to clarify the mechanisms linking IgE‐mediated allergies to middle ear pathologies and to develop effective treatment strategies. Addressing these knowledge gaps is critical for improving patient outcomes and managing the rising burden of allergic diseases.
Correspondence to “Omalizumab Reduces Anaphylactic Reactions and Allows Food Introduction in Food‐Allergic in Children With Severe Asthma: An Observational Study”
Authors: Angela Klain, Cristiana Indolfi, Carolina Grella, Simone Colosimo, Alessandra Perrotta, Michele Miraglia del Giudice
Journal: Allergy (2025)
Clinical Benefits of a Randomized Allergy App Intervention in Grass Pollen Sufferers: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Caroline Holzmann, Johannes Karg, Matthias Reiger, Rajiv Kharbal, Paola Romano, Sabrina Scheiwein, Claudia Khalfi, Anna Muzalyova, Jens O. Brunner, Gertrud Hammel, Athanasios Damialis, Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann, María P. Plaza, Stefanie Gilles
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT Background Symptom monitoring can improve adherence to daily medication. However, controlled clinical trials on multi‐modular allergy apps and their various functions have been difficult to implement. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical benefit of an allergy app with varying numbers of functions in reducing symptoms and improving quality of (QoL) life in grass pollen allergic individuals. The secondary objective was to develop a symptom forecast based on patient‐derived and environmental data. Methods We performed a stratified, controlled intervention study (May–August 2023) with grass pollen allergic participants ( N = 167) in Augsburg, Germany. Participants were divided into three groups, each receiving the same allergy app, but with increasing numbers of functions. Primary endpoint: rhinitis‐related QoL; Secondary endpoints: symptom scores, relevant behavior, self‐reported usefulness of the app, symptom forecast. Results Rhinitis‐related QoL was increased after the intervention, with no statistical inter‐group differences. However, participants with access to the full app version, including a pollen forecast, took more medication and reported lower symptoms and social activity impairment than participants with access to a reduced‐function app. Using an XGBoost multiclass classification model, we achieved promising results for predicting nasal (accuracy: 0.79; F1‐score: 0.78) and ocular (accuracy: 0.82; F1‐score: 0.76) symptom levels and derived feature importance using SHAP as a guidance for future approaches. Conclusion Our allergy app with its high‐performance pollen forecast, symptom diary, and general allergy‐related information provides a clinical benefit for allergy sufferers. Reliable symptom forecasts may be created given high‐quality and high‐resolution data.
Effect modification by socioeconomic status on the associations between early placental protein damage and exposure to ambient air PM <sub>2.5</sub> chemical components
Authors: Junnan Yang, Xuesong Li, Mengyu Chu, Mengyuan Wang, Yan Huo, Bin Han, Zhipeng Bai, Jianmei Wang, Yujuan Zhang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with systemic protein damage in pregnant women. However, its effect on protein damage in human placentas is unclear. We estimated the associations of PM2.5 and chemical component exposures with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in placental villi tissues before 13 weeks of gestation. We enrolled 165 women with unintended normal early pregnancy (NEP) who requested induced abortion during the first trimester and 165 women with early pregnancy loss (EPL) who also requested induced abortion (2017-2022). Maternal daily PM2.5, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium exposures from the 12th week before ovulation to villi collection were estimated using data accessed from the Tracking Air Pollution in China platform. Associations of pollutant exposures during the 30 days before villi collection, during the post-conception period (from ovulation to villi collection), and during the periovulatory period (from the 12th week before to 3rd week after ovulation) with villi AOPP were estimated and compared between the NEP and EPL groups. Additionally, effect modifications by socioeconomic status expressed in family monthly income per capita were estimated using stratified distributed lag non-linear models. Thirty-day cumulative and average post-conception exposures to higher concentrations of PM2.5, BC, and OM were associated with higher villi AOPP in all subjects and both groups. Thirty-day cumulative effects of per interquartile range increase in the residuals of BC and OM were robust in EPL (βs [95% CI] of villi AOPP were 111.22% [17.96%, 278.24%] and 93.87% [20.63%, 211.56%]), but were not robust in NEP. The associations of per interquartile range increase in the concentrations of BC and OM at some lag days with higher villi AOPP were stronger in low-income stratification (with the ranges of βs of villi AOPP were 10.51-11.99% and 8.08-12.50%) than those in medium-income stratification (3.19-3.80% and 1.95-3.73%) and high-income stratification (2.57-2.78% and 2.51-2.72%). Periovulatory OM exposure was positively associated with villi AOPP in EPL but not in NEP, and the susceptible periods to PM2.5 and other four components were 1-4 weeks earlier in EPL than in NEP. Maternal PM2.5, BC, and OM exposures were positively associated with oxidative protein damage in early placenta. The associations were stronger in women with EPL or low-income. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15170.
Reduced venetoclax exposure to 7 days vs standard exposure with hypomethylating agents in newly diagnosed AML patients
Authors: Christophe Willekens, Alexandre Bazinet, Samy Chraibi, Alex Bataller, Justine Decroocq, Naszrin Arani, Benjamin Carpentier, Caitlin Rausch, Delphine Lebon, Abhishek Maiti, Nicolas Gauthier, Nicholas Short, Sarah Bonnet, Koji Sasaki, Sabine Khalife-Hachem, Mahesh Swaminathan, Jean-Baptiste Micol, Florence Pasquier, Christophe Marzac, Damien Roos-Weil, Laurent Pascal, Naval Daver, Tapan Kadia, Didier Bouscary, Farhad Ravandi, Arnaud Pages, Hagop Kantarjian, Stéphane De Botton, Courtney DiNardo
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)
Coronary inflammation and AI-Risk scores from cardiovascular computed tomography: impact on risk prediction and clinical management in a real-world setting
Authors: John A Henry, Susannah M Black, Oliver G J Mitchell, Edward Richardson, Cameron Watson, Chris Hare, Pierre Le Page, Andrew R J Mitchell
Journal:  (2024)

Abstract Aims Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is the primary investigation for stable chest pain. Despite approximately 80% of individuals undergoing CCTA not having obstructive coronary disease, this group contributes to two-thirds of major adverse cardiovascular events. Assessment of coronary inflammation using perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) and AI-derived risk scores (AI-Risk) has demonstrated enhanced risk prediction beyond traditional clinical and CCTA parameters. We aimed to assess if FAI and AI-Risk alter risk prediction and clinical management in a real-world setting. Methods and results Consecutive patients undergoing CCTA with FAI calculation and AI-Risk (CaRi-Heart®) at a single centre over a 3-year period were recruited. Conventional risk scores for non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarctions (QRISK3 and SCORE, respectively) were compared with AI-Risk. Clinical management decisions based on risk factors and CCTA results were recorded. FAI and AI-Risk scores were then provided and the resultant clinical management decision recorded. One hundred and sixty-four patients were included in the study (n = 164, male 78%, 56 years). Forty-eight per cent of the patients had no evidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) on CCTA, with 41% having non-obstructive CAD and 10% with potentially obstructive CAD. AI-Risk reclassified risk in 58% and 43% of patients compared with QRISK3 and SCORE, respectively. Clinical management was changed in 33% of patients following AI-Risk analysis. Conclusion FAI and AI-Risk scores in a real-world setting changed risk prediction in around half of individuals and changed clinical management in around a third.
Replicon RNA vaccines: design, delivery, and immunogenicity in infectious diseases and cancer
Authors: Lirui Tang, Haiying Que, Yuquan Wei, Ting Yang, Aiping Tong, Xiawei Wei
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)

Replicon RNA (RepRNA) represents a cutting-edge technology in the field of vaccinology, fundamentally transforming vaccine design and development. This innovative approach facilitates the induction of robust immune responses against a range of infectious diseases and cancers. RepRNA vaccines leverage the inherent capabilities of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase associated with self-replicating repRNA, allowing for extreme replication within host cells. This process enhances antigen production and subsequently stimulates adaptive immunity. Additionally, the generation of double-stranded RNA during RNA replication can activate innate immune responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated that repRNA vaccines elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses that are broader and more durable than those generated by conventional mRNA vaccines. These significant immune responses have been shown to provide protection in various models for infectious diseases and cancers. This article will explore the design and delivery of RepRNA vaccines, the mechanisms of immune activation, preclinical studies addressing infectious diseases and tumors, and related clinical trials that focus on safety and immunogenicity.
Factors affecting the performance of a novel artificial intelligence-based coronary computed tomography-derived ischaemia algorithm
Authors: Peerapon Kiatkittikul, Teemu Maaniitty, Sarah Bär, Takeru Nabeta, Jeroen J Bax, Antti Saraste, Juhani Knuuti
Journal:  (2024)

Abstract Aims AI-QCTischaemia is an FDA-cleared novel artificial intelligence–guided method that utilizes features from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to predict myocardial ischaemia. Objective To identify factors associated with discrepancy between AI-QCTischaemia and positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion. Methods and results Six hundred and sixty-two patients with suspected obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on CCTA and undergoing [15O]H2O PET were analysed using AI-QCTischaemia. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with discrepancy. Perfusion homogeneity was measured by relative flow reserve. A total of 209 (32%) patients showed discrepancies: 62 (9%) exhibited normal AI-QCTischaemia but abnormal perfusion (false negative AI-QCTischaemia), whereas 147 (22%) had abnormal AI-QCTischaemia despite normal perfusion (false positive AI-QCTischaemia). False positive AI-QCTischaemia patients (vs. true positive) were more often females, older, with less typical angina, and less advanced CAD. In multivariable analysis, typical angina [OR 95% CI: 1.796 (1.015–3.179), P = 0.044], diameter stenosis per 1% increase [1.058 (1.036–1.080), P &amp;lt; 0.001], and percent atheroma volume per 1% increase [1.103 (1.051–1.158), P &amp;lt; 0.001] significantly predicted true positive, while age was inversely associated [0.955 (0.923–0.989), P = 0.010]. False-negative AI-QCTischaemia patients (vs. true negative) were more often males, smokers, with less good CCTA image quality, and more advanced CAD. However, none was significant in multivariable analysis. Furthermore, false-negative AI-QCTischaemia showed more homogenously reduced perfusion by relative flow reserve compared to true positive (median ± IQR: 0.68 ± 0.15 vs. 0.56 ± 0.23, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 21 (34%) of false negative showed globally reduced perfusion. Conclusion For abnormal AI-QCTischaemia, younger age, typical angina, more severe stenosis, and more extensive atherosclerosis predicted abnormal PET perfusion. With false negative AI-QCTischaemia, perfusion abnormalities were partly explained by microvascular disease.
Real world outcomes of momelotinib in myelofibrosis patients with anemia: results from the MOMGEMFIN study
Authors: Lucía Pérez-Lamas, Adrián Segura Diaz, Regina García Delgado, Alberto Álvarez-Larrán, María Alicia Senin, Elvira Mora, María Laura Fox, Irene Pastor Galan, Gemma Azaceta, Sara Garrido Paniagua, Raúl Pérez Lopez, Diana Margarita Trejos Carvajal, Anna Angona, Carmen Albo López, Pablo Lorente Alegre, Miriam Vara, Juan Antonio Vera Goñi, Dunia De Miguel Llorente, Ángeles Fernández Rodríguez, Alberto Marín Sanchez, Adriana Hernando Megido, María Teresa Gómez Casares, Ruth Stuckey, Gonzalo Carreño-Tarragona, Natalia De Las Heras Rodriguez, Blanca Xicoy, Manuel Pérez Encinas, Raquel Mata Serna, Lucia Núñez Martin-Buitrago, Francisca Ferrer Marín, Neus Amer Salas, Carolina Guillén Rienda, Patricia Velez, Laura Lamarca Eraso, Sandra Martín, Iryna Luts Khoroz, Erik De Cabo López, Angela Gil, Sofía Martín-Consuegra Ramos, Fernando Marco De Lucas, María José Otero Martinez-Fornes, María Luisa Martín Mateos, Teresa Arquero, Elena Cabezudo Pérez, Luis Antonio López Gómez, Ángela Martínez Hellin, Aurelia Tejedor, Esther Herrera de Pablo, María Isabel Mata Vazquez, Inmaculada Castillo Valero, María José Fernández, Carlos Aguilar, Marta Santaliestra, Antonio García Menchon, Begoña Navas Elorza, María Antonia Duran, María Pérez Sala, Teresa Hernández Santamaría, Ma Ángeles Muñoz Jarreño, Julio Dávila-Valls, Williana Torres Jiménez, Joan Alfons Gonzálvez Fernández, Hugo Alexander Torres Mantilla, Teresa Cobo Rodríguez, Aitor Abuin Blanco, Francisco Pérez, Santiago Osorio Prendes, Paola Beneit Villena, Raisa Peralta, Federico Herrera, Eloi Cañamero Giro, Reyes Jiménez Bárcenas, Mercedes Gasior Kabat, Sonia González De Villambrosia, Mariana Teresa Tercero-Mora Rodriguez, Marina Menéndez Cuevas, Beatriz Cuevas Ruiz, Marta Fonseca-Santos, Sonia Garcés Piquer, Rosalía De La Puerta, Álvaro Lorenzo Vizcaya, Juan Carlos Hernández Boluda, Valentín García Gutiérrez
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)
The excitatory milieu in glioma: mechanisms and therapeutic avenues
Authors: Bobak F Khalili, Karan Dixit, David O Kamson, Craig Horbinski, Delilah J Przybyla, Matthew C Tate, Amy B Heimberger, Rimas V Lukas, Jessica W Templer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumors. Their electrobiologic properties drive disease development, and in select tumors, aberrant neurosignaling is situated at the crux of gliomagenesis and glioma-related epilepsy (GRE). Tumor microtubes and the neuronal-glioma synapse are defined components of the glioma circuitry. The nidus of cortical hyperexcitability—the peri-glioma—undergoes severe alterations during disease progression and is influenced by genetic mutations, anomalous synaptic remodeling, inflammatory changes and an imbalance in neurotransmitters. Such pathologic mechanisms have been exploited for anticancer and antiseizure value wherein a subset remain to be explored. In this Review, we discuss the hyperexcitable conditions within the glioma microenvironment and candidate therapies for seizure and tumor control.
Living with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Jenna’s Story
Authors: Jenna Pollard, Vijaytha Muralidharan, Dalia Eid, Natalie Stone
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Cowden Syndrome is a rare genetic condition that can be extremely difficult to diagnose. Jenna takes us through her journey of getting her diagnosis with Cowden syndrome which has been a rollercoaster. She also tells us how the diagnosis has affected her life and how to bring hope to patients.
FAPI-avid Lesions in the Brain
Authors: Nasrin Raeisi, Amin Saber Tanha, Farid Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, Kamran Aryana, Emran Askari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 63-year-old man presented with transient global amnesia, urinary incontinence, and a visual field deficit. MRI revealed a heterogeneous mass in the left parieto-occipital lobe, diagnosed as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Following craniotomy, chemotherapy with temozolomide and radiotherapy were initiated. Two months after radiotherapy, MRI indicated possible tumor recurrence, leading to a change in treatment. Despite further interventions, the patient exhibited new-appearing symptoms and a significant increase in mass size. A 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy showed avidity in the tumoral recurrence. This case highlights the potential of this novel, low-cost imaging technique for assessing eligibility for potential radio-ligand therapy in resource-limited countries.
Methotrexate-associated Peripheral Neuropathy on 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI Masquerading as Neurolymphomatosis
Authors: Rebecca E. Ward, Nikita Dave, Emily Ling-Lin Pai, Robert Colbourn, Amir Banihashemi, Sunita D. Nasta, Victor D. Babatunde
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 53-year-old woman with primary central nervous system lymphoma with vitreal involvement presented with upper extremity weakness, pain, and contractures following methotrexate infusion. Electromyography showed mononeuropathies of the upper extremities, suspicious for neurolymphomatosis versus vasculitis. An 18 F-FDG PET CT indicated neurolymphomatosis, while an MRI of the bilateral forearms demonstrated intramuscular fluid collections, suspicious for abscesses or infarcts. Given the diagnostic dilemma, a right ulnar nerve biopsy was performed and showed findings most consistent with toxic/drug-related axonal neuropathy. Methotrexate was discontinued, and the patient was switched to TEDDI-R therapy, achieving complete pain relief.
A Compilation of Orbital and Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Moulish Reddy, Mudalsha Ravina, Amit Kumar, Vijaya Sahu, Rutuja Kote, Sonali Thakur
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

The most common primary orbital cancer in adults is orbital lymphoma. Lymphomas involving the orbit, eyelid, or conjunctiva are described as ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL). OAL comprises 2% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas but around 8% of extranodal lymphomas. OAL can appear bilaterally in any region of orbit with systemic involvement or restricted to orbit/adnexal region. When identifying systemic involvement from orbital lymphoma and other extranodal lymphomas, PET/CT has been demonstrated to have a higher sensitivity than CT. The predominant subtype of OAL is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphoma, followed by follicular lymphoma.
Increased Uptake of 18F-THK5351 in Glioblastoma But Not in Metastatic Brain Tumor
Authors: Katsuya Mitamura, Takashi Norikane, Yuka Yamamoto, Keisuke Miyake, Yoshihiro Nishiyama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

18 F-THK5351 was developed as a tracer with high binding affinity and selectivity for tau protein. However, its off-target binding to monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), an enzyme highly expressed in astrocytes, has also been demonstrated. In the case of glioblastoma, a strong accumulation of both 11 C-methionine (MET) and 18 F-THK5351 was observed in the tumor. Conversely, in the case of metastatic brain tumor, while 11 C-MET PET showed strong uptake in the lesion, 18 F-THK5351 PET revealed no significant accumulation. Differentiating solitary metastatic brain tumors from glioblastoma on MRI can be challenging. This report suggests that 18 F-THK5351 PET might serve as a valuable tool for distinguishing glioblastoma from metastatic brain tumors.
Macrophagic Reaction to Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Crystals Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Rectal Cancer
Authors: V Habouzit, F Casteillo, H Boutallaka, O Perotto, R Grange
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 68-year-old man presented with rectal bleeding 1 year after a highly complicated surgical course for upper rectal cancer. Endoscopic biopsy confirmed a local recurrence at the rectal stump. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed intense uptake in peritoneal nodules, suggesting peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, exploratory laparoscopy and pathologic analysis identified basophilic crystals consistent with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) as the cause of a foreign-body granulomatous reaction, with no evidence of tumor recurrence. This case underscores the importance of considering rare causes of peritoneal false-positive PET/CT findings in patients with a history of severe abdominal complications, ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.