tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in hepatic round ligament cysts: diagnostic utility of detective flow imaging
Authors: Akito Furuta, Shunsuke Omoto, Mamoru Takenaka, Michihito Kono, Eisei Nishino, Taro Inoue, Wataru Ono
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arising within hepatic round ligament cysts are exceptionally rare, with limited literature available [1], hence making their definitive diagnosis challenging. Detective flow imaging (DFI) is a novel endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) modality for differentiating malignancies by evaluating irregular vessels [2] [3] [4] [5]. We report a case in which DFI was crucial for differentiating benign and malignant lesions, leading to a diagnosis of GIST within a hepatic round ligament cyst.
Rectal cancer masquerading as submucosal tumors: endoscopic submucosal dissection uncovers the reality
Authors: Zhixia Dong, Xiangyun Zhao, Bo Tian, Yueqin Qian, Xinjian Wan
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Rectal cancer typically exhibits distinctive endoscopic and radiological features [1] [2]. We report an unusual and rare case of rectal cancer that mimicked submucosal tumors, which was accurately diagnosed using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
A technique for penetrating the bile duct wall using a guidewire during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Kimi Bessho, Takafumi Kanadani, Nobuhiro Hattori, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) involves several technical steps, such as intrahepatic bile duct puncture, guidewire insertion into the biliary tract, tract dilation, and stent deployment [1] [2] [3]. Intrahepatic bile duct puncture is usually performed using a 19-G needle because use of a 22-G needle also requires the use of a 0.018-inch guidewire. However, when using a 19-G needle, puncturing the bile duct wall may be challenging if it is extremely thick. In such cases, the Seldinger technique combined with the door knocking method is sometimes used, but there is a risk of vessel injury. To overcome this, a technique for penetrating the bile duct wall using a guidewire is described.
Liver decompensation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab: a real-life study
Authors: Leonardo Stella, Maria Pallozzi, Lucia Cerrito, Francesco Santopaolo, Francesco Tovoli, Clemence Hollande, Sabrina Sidali, Bernardo Stefanini, Claudia Campani, Elisa Pellegrini, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Fabio Marra, Fabio Piscaglia, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maurizio Pompili, Mohamed Bouattour, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2025)

Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (atezobeva) has changed the treatment landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its efficacy and safety in patients with impaired liver function are still debated. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of baseline liver function and liver decompensation during treatment on clinical outcomes. In this multicenter study, we included 247 patients with advanced or unresectable HCC treated with atezobeva. We analyzed data on survival, tumor progression, and liver decompensation and introduced time to decompensation (TTD) as a new safety endpoint. The reported overall survival (OS) was 18.30 months, time to progression (TTP) 13.07 months, and progression-free survival (PFS) 9.83 months. Although OS was better in Child Pugh A compared to Child Pugh B patients (20.20 vs 9.83 months, p=0.0008), no differences were observed in TTP and treatment safety. Liver decompensation occurred in 63 (25.51%) patients, specifically 27.89% Child Pugh A and 51.16% Child Pugh B patients; in 41.26% of patients atezobeva was resumed after decompensation, achieving an OS comparable to those who never decompensated (20.87 vs 20.2 months; p=0.77), and better than those who permanently stopped treatment (8.07 months; p=0.02). TTD was similar for patients with albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score 2 regardless of Child Pugh class, and the probability of recovery from decompensation was similar for Child Pugh A and B patients. Atezobeva is effective in both Child Pugh A and B patients. The possibility to resume treatment after an episode of decompensation underscores the importance of integrated hepato-oncological management.
Generalist medical AI reimbursement challenges and opportunities
Authors: Arjun Mahajan, Dylan Powell
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Generalist AI systems in healthcare can handle multiple complex clinical tasks, unlike narrow AI tools that perform isolated functions. However, current payment systems struggle to capture the value of these integrated capabilities. We examine potential solutions, including value-based and tiered structures, balancing innovation, equitable access, continuous performance evaluation, and cost-effectiveness to realize generalist AI's transformative potential.
Choice of Intravenous Fluid for Resuscitation in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Suellen Li, Bassem Mikhael, Daniel G. van Zyl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

This feature about a woman with diabetic ketoacidosis offers a case vignette accompanied by two essays, one supporting the use of balanced crystalloid fluids for fluid resuscitation and the other recommending the use of isotonic saline.
Microglial regulation of the retinal vasculature in health and during the pathology associated with diabetes
Authors: Andrew I Jobling, Ursula Greferath, Michael A Dixon, Pialuisa Quiriconi, Belinda Eyar, Anna K van Koeverden, Samuel A Mills, Kirstan A Vessey, Bang V Bui, Erica L Fletcher
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2025)
Oral Infigratinib in Children with Achondroplasia — Targeted Treatment
Authors: Heike Hoyer-Kuhn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

Thanks to advances in both basic and clinical research, the past 20 years have seen new awareness regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and unmet needs of persons with rare genetic disorders. Most inherited bone disorders are among such rare conditions. Achondroplasia, the most common skeletal dysplasia, is characterized by disproportionate short stature with relatively short limbs, trident hands, midface hypoplasia, and foramen magnum stenosis. The disease-causing gene, identified in 1994 by Le Merrer,1,2 is now known to arise from heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) on chromosome 4p16.3. Additional molecular analyses have shown that FGFR3 . . .
Case 7-2025: A 65-Year-Old Woman with Weakness, Back Pain, and Pancytopenia
Authors: Rebecca K Leaf, Brandon H Messick, Catherine B Meador, Derek Loneman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

A 65-year-old woman was evaluated for back pain and pancytopenia. A peripheral-blood smear was notable for nucleated red cells, large platelets, and immature granulocytes. A diagnosis was made.
Oral Manifestations of Pemphigus Vulgaris
Authors: Joseph Katz, Indraneel Bhattacharyya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

A 44-year-old woman presented with an 11-month history of mouth ulcers and blistered lips and a 6-month history of blisters on her arms and legs. The lips were swollen with bleeding erosions, and erosions were seen in the mouth.
Correction: Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling
Authors: Benjamin Israelow, Eric Song, Tianyang Mao, Peiwen Lu, Amit Meir, Feimei Liu, Mia Madel Alfajaro, Jin Wei, Huiping Dong, Robert J. Homer, Aaron Ring, Craig B. Wilen, Akiko Iwasaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)
Outcomes of a Program to Reduce Birth-Related Mortality in Tanzania
Authors: Benjamin A Kamala, Hege L Ersdal, Robert D Moshiro, Godfrey Guga, Ingvild Dalen, Jan T Kvaløy, Felix A Bundala, Ahmad Makuwani, Ntuli A Kapologwe, Rashid S Mfaume, Esto R Mduma, Paschal Mdoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

BackgroundBirth-related mortality is a major contributor to the burden of deaths worldwide, especially in low-income countries. The Safer Births Bundle of Care program is a combination of interventions developed to improve the quality of care for mother and baby with the goal of reducing birth-related mortality.MethodsWe performed a 3-year stepped-wedge cluster-randomized study of the Safer Births program at 30 high-burden facilities in five regions in Tanzania. The bundle of interventions in the program was aimed at continuous quality improvement through regular onsite simulation-based training, the collection and use of local clinical data, the assistance of trained local facilitators, and the use of innovative tools for perinatal care. The primary outcome was perinatal death, which included intrapartum stillbirth (suspected death during labor) and neonatal death within the first 24 hours after birth.ResultsA total of 281,165 mothers and 277,734 babies were included in the final analysis. The estimated incidence of perinatal death decreased from 15.3 deaths per 1000 births in the baseline period of the program to 12.5 deaths per 1000 births after implementation (adjusted relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 0.92; P=0.001), with substantial heterogeneity among regions. The incidence of intrapartum stillbirths was 8.6 deaths per 1000 births in the baseline period and 8.7 deaths per 1000 births after implementation (adjusted relative risk, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.17), and the incidence of neonatal deaths within the first 24 hours after birth was 6.4 and 3.9 deaths per 1000 births, respectively (adjusted relative risk, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.77). No serious adverse events were reported.ConclusionsImplementation of the Safer Births Bundle of Care program showed the feasibility of integrating quality-improvement efforts targeting birth-related emergencies in resource-limited settings and was associated with a significant reduction in perinatal mortality. (Funded by the Global Financing Facility; ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN30541755.)
Microenvironment-responsive coating for vascular stents to regulate coagulation-inflammation interaction and promote vascular recovery
Authors: Qiongjun Zhu, Zhezhe Chen, Dan'an Wang, Xiaolu Jiao, Yi Luan, Min Wang, Rifang Luo, Yunbing Wang, Guosheng Fu, Yanan Wang, Wenbin Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
Isolated Glucosuria in Adolescence and Early-Onset Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study of 1.6 Million Adolescents
Authors: Adi Vinograd, Tsahi T. Lerman, Orit Pinhas-Hamiel, Aya Bardugo, Cole D. Bendor, Estela Derazne, Josef Coresh, Ofir Vinograd, Miri Lutski, Inbar Zucker, Michal Bromberg, Tamar Fishman, Gabriel Chodick, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Tali Cukierman-Yaffe, Asaf Vivante, Adi Leiba, Arnon Afek, Amir Tirosh, Boris Fishman, Gilad Twig
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE We assess diabetes risk in adulthood among adolescents with isolated glucosuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Included were adolescents (16–19 years) examined before military service between 1993 and 2015. Data were linked with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Glucosuria was confirmed following normal renal function and glucose tolerance tests. Cox models were applied. RESULTS The study included 1,611,467 adolescents, of whom 755 (0.05%) had glucosuria. The latter group had a higher proportion of males (75% vs. 57%) and a lower proportion of BMI ≥ 85th percentile (10.4% vs. 16.3%) compared with nonglucosuric (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). During follow-up, 10,328 diabetes cases were recorded with an incidence rate of 87.5 and 43.3 per 100,000 person-years for those with versus without glucosuria, respectively. Individuals with glucosuria had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.17 (95% CI, 1.17–4.04) for diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Glucosuria in adolescents is associated with an increased risk of early-onset diabetes.
CXCL10 Secreted by Pericytes Mediates TNFα-Induced Vascular Leakage in Tumors and Enhances Extravasation of Nanoparticle-Based Chemotherapeutics.
Authors: Ann L.B. Seynhaeve, Hui Liu, Marjolein I. Priester, Mike Valentijn, Conny van Holten-Neelen, Rutger W.W. Brouwer, Mandy van Brakel, Willem A. Dik, Wilfred F.J. van IJcken, Reno Debets, Andrew P. Stubbs, Timo L. M. ten Hagen
Journal: Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) induces vascular permeability and plays an important role in inflammation. In addition, TNFα-induced vascular leakage is involved in the increased extravasation of nanoparticle-formulated chemotherapeutic drugs, improving drug delivery and subsequent tumor response. Here, we uncovered a positive correlation between the presence of pericytes in the tumor-associated vasculature and TNFα-induced leakage and drug delivery, especially when drugs were encapsulated in nanoparticles. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified high expression of CXCL10 in TNFα-stimulated pericytes. In addition, TNFα increased CXCL10 protein production by pericytes in vitro. In animal studies, tumor types with vessels with high pericyte coverage showed enhanced permeability and extravasation of drugs encapsulated in nanoparticles following treatment with TNFα, which could be blocked with a CXCL10 neutralizing antibody. In contrast, tumors harboring vessels with low pericyte numbers did not display increased drug extravasation in response to TNFα. Lack of pericyte coverage could be compensated by co-administration of CXCL10. These findings reveal a mechanism by which TNFα induces CXCL10 release from pericytes, resulting in increased endothelial permeability, vascular leakage, and drug delivery.
Vulnerable or High-Risk Plaque
Authors: Rocco Vergallo, Seung-Jung Park, Gregg W Stone, David Erlinge, Italo Porto, Ron Waksman, Gary S Mintz, Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Sara Seitun, Luca Saba, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Fernando Alfonso, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Peter Libby, Marcelo F Di Carli, James E Muller, Gerald Maurer, Robert J Gropler, Y S Chandrashekhar, Eugene Braunwald, Valentin Fuster, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2025)
Immunity/metabolism dual-regulation via an acidity-triggered bioorthogonal assembly nanoplatform enhances glioblastoma immunotherapy by targeting CXCL12/CXCR4 and adenosine-A2AR pathways
Authors: Ruili Wei, Kunfeng Xie, Tao Li, Wanxian Lin, Yandong Zhao, Jiamin Li, Shengsheng Lai, Xinhua Wei, Xinqing Jiang, Youyong Yuan, Ruimeng Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Dendritic lipopeptide based transdermal siRNA delivery systems for effective non-invasive therapy in psoriasis
Authors: Xiaolei Ma, Rui Cong, Xin Cui, Yiwei Tang, Jie Ren, Jinfan Hou, Boyu Liu, Jiehui Zhao, Pengwei Li, Lei Li, Heyang Zhang, Jiasheng Tu, Lei Jiang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Global epidemiology, seasonality and climatic drivers of the four human parainfluenza virus types
Authors: Yi Song, Yu-Nong Gong, Kuan-Fu Chen, David K Smith, Hassan Zaraket, Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Sarah Tozer, Paul Ks Chan, Evelyn Sc Koay, Hong Kai Lee, Kok Keng Tee, Pieter LA Fraaij, Lance Jennings, Matti Waris, Hidekazu Nishimura, Aripuana Watanabe, Theo Sloots, Jen Kok, Dominic E Dwyer, Marion Koopmans, David W Smith, Julian W Tang, Tommy Ty Lam
Journal: Journal of Infection (2025)
Cladribine Added to Idarubicin and Cytarabine as an Induction Regimen for Patients with <i>De Novo</i> Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Multicenter, Randomized Phase III Trial
Authors: Xiang Zhang, Yue Han, Huiying Qiu, Miaoxinqi Han, Aining Sun, Shengli Xue, Zhengming Jin, Miao Miao, Ying Wang, Chengcheng Fu, Xiaowen Tang, Suning Chen, Caixia Li, Lian Bai, Zhihong Lin, Jun Chen, Haohao Han, Jia Chen, Depei Wu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of an induction regimen composed of idarubicin, cytarabine, and cladribine (IAC) in patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and Methods: Adult patients with newly diagnosed AML were randomized to the IAC group (cladribine 5 mg/m2/day for 5 days, idarubicin 8 mg/m2/day for 3 days, and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day for 7 days) and the IA group (idarubicin 12 mg/m2/day for 3 days and cytarabine 100 mg/m2/day for 7 days) at a 1:2 ratio. The primary endpoint was complete remission (CR) after induction. Secondary endpoints included 2-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and cumulative incidence of relapse. Results: A total of 618 adult patients with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled. The overall CR rate was 80.5% in the IAC group compared with 72.4% in the IA group (P = 0.029). The 2-year OS was 81.3% in the IAC group compared with 70.0% in the IA group (P = 0.011). Patients on the IAC regimen achieved a higher CR rate compared to those on the IA regimen, particularly in those with adverse risk (69.8% vs. 49.1%, P = 0.008), 2-year OS (80.1% vs. IA 58.1%, P = 0.014), and disease-free survival (78.8% vs. 51.3%, P = 0.009). In the subgroup of patients older than 45 years of age, the IAC regimen exerted better CR (77.1% vs. 62.6%, P = 0.033) and 2-year OS (74.7% vs. IA 55.0%, P = 0.019). There were no differences in chemotherapy-related toxicities between the groups. Conclusions: Cladribine added to the IA regimen was safe and effective in de novo AML. Patients with adverse risk or those between 45 and 60 years of age might benefit significantly on both response and survival with the IAC regimen.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of dolutegravir in children receiving rifampicin tuberculosis treatment in South Africa (ORCHID): a prospective cohort study
Authors: Anushka Naidoo, Hylke Waalewijn, Kogieleum Naidoo, Marothi Letsoalo, Gabriela Cromhout, Leora Sewnarain, Nozibusiso R Mosia, Emmanuella C Osuala, Lubbe Wiesner, Roeland E Wasmann, Paolo Denti, Kelly E Dooley, Moherndran Archary
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2025)
Host cell entry and neutralisation sensitivity of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant LP.8.1
Authors: Lu Zhang, Amy Kempf, Inga Nehlmeier, Nianzhen Chen, Metodi V Stankov, Christine Happle, Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka, Georg M N Behrens, Markus Hoffmann, Stefan Pöhlmann
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)
Impact of the Global Fund Regional Artemisinin-resistance Initiative on malaria control and elimination in the Greater Mekong subregion of southeast Asia
Authors: Caitlin Pley, Harry Gibbs, Prayuth Sudathip, Huy Rekol, Thieu Quang Nguyen, Maxine Whittaker, Pascal Ringwald, Jonathan Cox, Jim Tulloch, Izaskun Gaviria, Estrella Lasry, Matteo Dembech, Arjen M Dondorp, Rattanaxay Phetsouvanh
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)
Radioprotection of healthy tissue via nanoparticle-delivered mRNA encoding for a damage-suppressor protein found in tardigrades
Authors: Ameya R. Kirtane, Jianling Bi, Netra U. Rajesh, Chaoyang Tang, Miguel Jimenez, Emily Witt, Megan K. McGovern, Arielle B. Cafi, Samual J. Hatfield, Lauren Rosenstock, Sarah L. Becker, Nicole Machado, Veena Venkatachalam, Dylan Freitas, Xisha Huang, Alvin Chan, Aaron Lopes, Hyunjoon Kim, Nayoon Kim, Joy E. Collins, Michelle E. Howard, Srija Manchkanti, Theodore S. Hong, James D. Byrne, Giovanni Traverso
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2025)
Gut microbial dysbiosis exacerbates long-term cognitive impairments by promoting intestinal dysfunction and neuroinflammation following neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Andi Chen, Chengqian Teng, Jianjie Wei, Xuyang Wu, Honghong Zhang, Pinzhong Chen, Dingliang Cai, Haitao Qian, Hui Zhu, Xiaochun Zheng, Xiaohui Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is considered as a major cause of long-term cognitive impairments in newborns. It has been demonstrated that gut microbiota is closely associated with the prognosis of various neurological disorders. However, the role of microbiota-gut-brain axis on cognitive function following neonatal HIBD remains elusive. In this experiment, the correlation analysis supported the involvement of gut microbial changes following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult in the development of long-term cognitive impairments. Subsequent experiment revealed the involvement of the intestinal dysfunction in the hippocampal neuroinflammation and synaptic injury. In causal relationship validation experiments, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from cognitively normal rats could restore gut microbial composition, improve intestinal dysfunction, reduce the serum levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and inflammatory mediators, and alleviate neuroinflammation, synaptic damage and cognitive impairments in neonatal HIBD recipient rats. Conversely, the FMT from neonatal HIBD rats could induce above adverse pathological changes in the normal recipient rats. Moreover, oral administration of anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone (DEX) exhibited the potential to alleviate these detrimental effects in neonatal HIBD rats, with the efficacy being partly reliant on gut microbiota. Further experiment on the potential molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing indicated a significant increase in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene in the intestinal tissues of neonatal HIBD rats. Additionally, the interventions such as TLR4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34 administration, FMT, and oral DEX were demonstrated to modulate intestinal function by inhibiting the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Collectively, these findings underscore the contribution of gut microbial dysbiosis post HI insult in activating the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway, triggering intestinal inflammation and dysfunction, exacerbating systemic inflammation, and consequently worsening synaptic and cognitive impairments in neonatal HIBD rats. Hence, rectifying gut microbial dysbiosis or regulating intestinal function may represent a promising strategy for alleviating long-term cognitive impairments in neonates affected by HIBD.
Genome-wide CRISPR guide RNA design and specificity analysis with GuideScan2
Authors: Henri Schmidt, Minsi Zhang, Dimitar Chakarov, Vineet Bansal, Haralambos Mourelatos, Francisco J. Sánchez-Rivera, Scott W. Lowe, Andrea Ventura, Christina S. Leslie, Yuri Pritykin
Journal: Genome biology (2025)

Abstract We present GuideScan2 for memory-efficient, parallelizable construction of high-specificity CRISPR guide RNA (gRNA) databases and user-friendly design and analysis of individual gRNAs and gRNA libraries for targeting coding and non-coding regions in custom genomes. GuideScan2 analysis identifies widespread confounding effects of low-specificity gRNAs in published CRISPR screens and enables construction of a gRNA library that reduces off-target effects in a gene essentiality screen. GuideScan2 also enables the design and experimental validation of allele-specific gRNAs in a hybrid mouse genome. GuideScan2 will facilitate CRISPR experiments across a wide range of applications.
Super pangenome of Vitis empowers identification of downy mildew resistance genes for grapevine improvement
Authors: Li Guo, Xiangfeng Wang, Dilay Hazal Ayhan, Mohammad Saidur Rhaman, Ming Yan, Jianfu Jiang, Dongyue Wang, Wei Zheng, Junjie Mei, Wei Ji, Jian Jiao, Shaoying Chen, Jie Sun, Shu Yi, Dian Meng, Jing Wang, Mohammad Nasim Bhuiyan, Guochen Qin, Linling Guo, Qingxian Yang, Xuenan Zhang, Haisheng Sun, Chonghuai Liu, Xing Wang Deng, Wenxiu Ye
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)