tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Seventh World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension: our journey to Barcelona
Authors: Marc Humbert, Nazzareno Galiè, Lewis J. Rubin, Gérald Simonneau, Vallerie V. McLaughlin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

<h3>Shareable abstract</h3> <b>Since 1960, pulmonary hypertension has been the focus of WHO committee reports and World Symposia proceedings. The conclusions from the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension are now published in the <i>European Respiratory Journal</i>.</b>https://bit.ly/4ePMZ6H
Pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease
Authors: Bradley A. Maron, Guillermo Bortman, Teresa De Marco, Jessica H. Huston, Irene M. Lang, Stephan H. Rosenkranz, Jean-Luc Vachiéry, Ryan J. Tedford
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Left heart disease (LHD) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH), which may be classified further as isolated post-capillary (ipcPH) or combined post- and pre-capillary PH (cpcPH). The 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension PH-LHD task force reviewed newly reported randomised clinical trials and contemplated novel opportunities for improving outcome. Results from major randomised clinical trials reinforced prior recommendations against the use of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in PH-LHD outside of clinical trials, and suggested possible harm. Greater focus on phenotyping was viewed as one general strategy by which to ultimately improve clinical outcomes. This is potentially achievable by individualising ipcPH
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Authors: Nick H. Kim, Andrea M. D'Armini, Marion Delcroix, Xavier Jaïs, Mitja Jevnikar, Michael M. Madani, Hiromi Matsubara, Massimiliano Palazzini, Christoph B. Wiedenroth, Gérald Simonneau, David P. Jenkins
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is a complication of pulmonary embolism and a treatable cause of pulmonary hypertension. The pathology is a unique combination of mechanical obstruction due to failure of clot resolution, and a variable degree of microvascular disease, that both contribute to pulmonary vascular resistance. Accordingly, multiple treatments have been developed to target the disease components. However, accurate diagnosis is often delayed. Evaluation includes high-quality imaging modalities, necessary for disease confirmation and for appropriate treatment planning. All patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease, and especially those with pulmonary hypertension, should be referred to expert centres for multidisciplinary team decision on treatment. The first decision remains assessment of operability, and the best improvement in symptoms and survival is achieved by the mechanical therapies, pulmonary endarterectomy and balloon pulmonary angioplasty. With the advances in multimodal therapies, excellent outcomes can be achieved with 3-year survival of >90%.
Comparative Cardiovascular Effectiveness of Empagliflozin Versus Dapagliflozin in Adults With Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors: Kasper Bonnesen, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Diana H. Christensen, Timothy L. Lash, Sean Hennessy, Anthony Matthews, Lars Pedersen, Reimar W. Thomsen, Morten Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (2024)

BACKGROUND: Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin have proven cardiovascular benefits in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, but their comparative effectiveness is unknown. METHODS: This study used nationwide, population-based Danish health registries to emulate a hypothetical target trial comparing empagliflozin versus dapagliflozin initiation, in addition to standard care, among people with treated type 2 diabetes from 2014 through 2020. The outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure (HF), or cardiovascular death (major adverse cardiovascular event). Participants were followed until an outcome, emigration, or death occurred; 6 years after initiation; or December 31, 2021, whichever occurred first. Logistic regression was used to compute inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights, controlling for 57 potential confounders. In intention-to-treat analyses, 6-year adjusted risks, risk differences, and risk ratios, considering noncardiovascular death competing events, were estimated. Analyses were stratified by coexisting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF. A per-protocol design was performed as a secondary analysis. RESULTS: There were 36 670 eligible empagliflozin and 20 606 eligible dapagliflozin initiators. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the adjusted 6-year absolute risk of major adverse cardiovascular event was not different between empagliflozin and dapagliflozin initiators (10.0% versus 10.0%; risk difference, 0.0% [95% CI, −0.9% to 1.0%]; risk ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91 to 1.11]). The findings were consistent in people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (risk difference, −2.3% [95% CI, −8.2% to 3.5%]; risk ratio, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.74 to 1.14]) and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (risk difference, 0.3% [95% CI, −0.6% to 1.2%]; risk ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.93 to 1.16]) and in people with HF (risk difference, 1.1% [95% CI, −6.5% to 8.6%]; risk ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.79 to 1.37]) and without HF (risk difference, −0.1% [95% CI, −1.0% to 0.8%]; risk ratio, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90 to 1.09]). The 6-year risks of major adverse cardiovascular event were also not different in the per-protocol analysis (9.1% versus 8.8%; risk difference, 0.2% [95% CI, −2.1% to 2.5%]; risk ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.80 to 1.32]). CONCLUSIONS: Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin initiators had no differences in 6-year cardiovascular outcomes in adults with treated type 2 diabetes with or without coexisting atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or HF.
Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Contributes to Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Authors: Magda R. Hamczyk, Rosa M. Nevado, Pilar Gonzalo, María J. Andrés-Manzano, Paula Nogales, Víctor Quesada, Aránzazu Rosado, Carlos Torroja, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Ana Dopazo, Jacob F. Bentzon, Carlos López-Otín, Vicente Andrés
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Atherosclerosis is the main medical problem in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, a rare premature aging disorder caused by the mutant lamin-A protein progerin. Recently, we found that limiting progerin expression to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is sufficient to hasten atherosclerosis and death in
Risk stratification and treatment goals in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Fabio Dardi, Athénaïs Boucly, Raymond Benza, Robert Frantz, Valentina Mercurio, Horst Olschewski, Göran Rådegran, Lewis J. Rubin, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Risk stratification has gained an increasing role in predicting outcomes and guiding the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The most predictive prognostic factors are three noninvasive parameters (World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walk distance and natriuretic peptides) that are included in all currently validated risk stratification tools. However, suffering from limitations mainly related to reduced specificity of PAH severity, these variables may not always be adequate in isolation for guiding individualised treatment decisions. Moreover, with effective combination treatment regimens and emerging PAH therapies, markers associated with pulmonary vascular remodelling are expected to become of increasing relevance in guiding the treatment of patients with PAH. While reaching a low mortality risk, assessed with a validated risk tool, remains an important treatment goal, preliminary data suggest that invasive haemodynamics and cardiac imaging may add incremental value in guiding treatment decisions.
Definition, classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gabor Kovacs, Sonja Bartolome, Christopher P. Denton, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Sue Gu, Dinesh Khanna, David Badesch, David Montani
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a haemodynamic condition characterised by elevation of mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) &gt;20 mmHg, assessed by right heart catheterisation. Pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) distinguish pre-capillary PH (PAWP ≤15 mmHg, PVR &gt;2 Wood Units (WU)), isolated post-capillary PH (PAWP &gt;15 mmHg, PVR ≤2 WU) and combined post- and pre-capillary PH (PAWP &gt;15 mmHg, PVR &gt;2 WU). Exercise PH is a haemodynamic condition describing a normal mPAP at rest with an abnormal increase of mPAP during exercise, defined as a mPAP/cardiac output slope &gt;3 mmHg/L/min between rest and exercise. The core structure of the clinical classification of PH has been retained, including the five major groups. However, some changes are presented herewith, such as the re-introduction of “long-term responders to calcium channel blockers” as a subgroup of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, the addition of subgroups in group 2 PH and the differentiation of group 3 PH subgroups based on pulmonary diseases instead of functional abnormalities. Mitomycin-C and carfilzomib have been added to the list of drugs with “definite association” with PAH. For diagnosis of PH, we propose a stepwise approach with the main aim of discerning those patients who need to be referred to a PH centre and who should undergo invasive haemodynamic assessment. In case of high probability of severe pulmonary vascular disease, especially if there are signs of right heart failure, a fast-track referral to a PH centre is recommended at any point during the clinical workup.
Association between caseload volume and outcomes in left ventricular assist device implantations – a <scp>EUROMACS</scp> analysis
Authors: Maks Mihalj, David Reineke, Isabell A. Just, Johanna Mulzer, Nikolaos Cholevas, Christoph Hoermandinger, Kevin Veen, Markus M Luedi, Paul Philipp Heinisch, Evgenij Potapov, Jan F. Gummert, Paul Mohacsi, Christian Hagl, Gloria Faerber, Daniel Zimpfer, Theo M.M.H. de By, Bart Meyns, Finn Gustafsson, Lukas Hunziker, Matthias Siepe, Patrick Schober, Felix Schoenrath
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)

This EUROMACS study was conducted with the primary aim of investigating the association between a centre's annual caseload and postoperative outcomes among patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.
Management of pulmonary hypertension in special conditions
Authors: Ioana R. Preston, Luke S. Howard, David Langleben, Mona Lichtblau, Tomas Pulido, Rogerio Souza, Karen M. Olsson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Care of pulmonary hypertension (PH) patients in special situations requires insightful knowledge of the pathophysiology of the cardiopulmonary system and close interaction with different specialists, depending on the situation. The role of this task force was to gather knowledge about five conditions that PH patients may be faced with. These conditions are 1) perioperative care; 2) management of pregnancy; 3) medication adherence; 4) palliative care; and 5) the influence of climate on PH. Many of these aspects have not been covered by previous World Symposia on Pulmonary Hypertension. All of the above conditions are highly affected by psychological, geographical and socioeconomic factors, and share the need for adequate healthcare provision. The task force identified significant gaps in information and research in these areas. The current recommendations are based on detailed literature search and expert opinion. The task force calls for further studies and research to better understand and address the special circumstances that PH patients may encounter.
Treatment algorithm for pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Kelly M. Chin, Sean P. Gaine, Christian Gerges, Zhi-Cheng Jing, Stephen C. Mathai, Yuichi Tamura, Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Olivier Sitbon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension leads to significant impairment in haemodynamics, right heart function, exercise capacity, quality of life and survival. Current therapies have mechanisms of action involving signalling
Embracing the challenges of neonatal and paediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Dunbar Ivy, Erika B. Rosenzweig, Steven H. Abman, Maurice Beghetti, Damien Bonnet, Johannes Menno Douwes, Alessandra Manes, Rolf M.F. Berger
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Paediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) shares common features with adult disease, but is associated with several additional disorders and challenges that require unique approaches. This article discusses recent advances, ongoing challenges and distinct approaches for caring for infants and children with PAH, as presented by the paediatric task force of the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension. We provide updates on diagnosing, classifying, risk-stratifying and treating paediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) and identify critical knowledge gaps. An updated risk stratification tool and treatment algorithm is provided, now also including strategies for patients with associated cardiopulmonary conditions. Treatment of paediatric PH continues to be hindered by the lack of randomised controlled clinical trials. The challenging management of children failing targeted PAH therapy is discussed, including balloon atrial septostomy, lung transplantation and pulmonary-to-systemic shunt (Potts). A novel strategy using a multimodal approach for the management of PAH associated with congenital heart diseases with borderline pulmonary vascular resistance is included. Advances in diagnosing neonatal PH, especially signs and interpretation of PH by echocardiography, are highlighted. A team approach to the rapidly changing physiology of neonatal PH is emphasised. Challenges in drug approval are discussed, particularly the challenges of designing accurate paediatric clinical trials with age-appropriate end-points and adequate enrolment.
Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: current insights and future directions
Authors: Christophe Guignabert, Jurjan Aman, Sébastien Bonnet, Peter Dorfmüller, Andrea J. Olschewski, Soni Pullamsetti, Marlene Rabinovitch, Ralph T. Schermuly, Marc Humbert, Kurt R. Stenmark
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

In recent years, major advances have been made in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving pulmonary vascular remodelling in various forms of pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease, pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease and hypoxia, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. However, the survival rates for these different forms of pulmonary hypertension remain unsatisfactory, underscoring the crucial need to more effectively translate innovative scientific knowledge into healthcare interventions. In these proceedings of the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, we delve into recent developments in the field of pathology and pathophysiology, prioritising them while questioning their relevance to different subsets of pulmonary hypertension. In addition, we explore how the latest omics and other technological advances can help us better and more rapidly understand the myriad basic mechanisms contributing to the initiation and progression of pulmonary vascular remodelling. Finally, we discuss strategies aimed at improving patient care, optimising drug development, and providing essential support to advance research in this field.
Exploring the patient perspective in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: H. James Ford, Colleen Brunetti, Pisana Ferrari, Gergely Meszaros, Victor M. Moles, Hall Skaara, Adam Torbicki, J. Simon R. Gibbs
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

The global impacts of pulmonary hypertension (PH) were formally recognised in 1973 at the 1st World Health Organization meeting dedicated to primary pulmonary hypertension, held in Geneva. Investigations into disease pathogenesis and classification led to the development of numerous therapies over the ensuing decades. While the impacts of the disease have been lessened due to treatments, the symptoms and adverse effects of PH and its therapies on patients' wellbeing and mental health remain significant. As such, there is a critical need to enhance understanding of the challenges patients face on a global scale with respect to care access, multidimensional patient support and advocacy. In addition, thoughtful analysis of the potential benefits and utilisation of mechanisms for the incorporation of patient-reported outcomes into diagnosis and treatment plans is needed. A summary of these areas is included here. We present a report of global surveys of patient and provider experiences and challenges regarding care access and discuss possible solutions. Also addressed is the current state of PH patient associations around the world. Potential ways to enhance patient associations and enable them to provide the utmost support are discussed. A summary of relevant patient-reported outcome measures to assess health-related quality of life in PH is presented, with suggestions regarding incorporation of these tools in patient care and research. Finally, information on how current global threats such as pandemics, climate change and armed conflict may impact PH patients is offered, along with insights as to how they may be mitigated with advanced contingency planning.
Restrictive Versus Liberal Transfusion in Patients with Type 1 or Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: A Prespecified Analysis of the Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) Trial
Authors: Andrew P. DeFilippis, J. Dawn Abbott, Brandon M. Herbert, Marnie H. Bertolet, Bernard R. Chaitman, Harvey D. White, Andrew M. Goldsweig, Tamar S. Polonsky, Rajesh Gupta, Caroline Alsweiler, Johanne Silvain, Pedro G.M. de Barros e Silva, Graham S. Hillis, Benoit Daneault, Meechai Tessalee, Mark A. Menegus, Sunil V. Rao, Renato D. Lopes, Paul C. Hébert, John H. Alexander, Maria M. Brooks, Jeffrey L. Carson, Shaun G. Goodman
Journal: Circulation (2024)

BACKGROUND: The MINT trial (Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion) raised concern for harm from a restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategy in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and anemia. Type 1 and type 2 MI are distinct pathophysiologic entities that may respond differently to blood transfusion. This analysis sought to determine whether the effects of transfusion varied among patients with a type 1 or a type 2 MI and anemia. The authors hypothesized that the liberal transfusion strategy would be of greater benefit in type 2 than in type 1 MI. METHODS: The authors compared rates of death or MI at 30 days in patients with type 1 (n=1460) and type 2 (n=1955) MI and anemia who were randomly allocated to a restrictive (threshold, 7–8 g/dL) or a liberal (threshold, 10 g/dL) transfusion strategy. RESULTS: The primary outcome of death or MI was observed in 16% of type 1 MI and 15.4% of type 2 MI patients. The rate of death or MI was higher in patients with type 1 MI randomized to a restrictive (18.2%) versus liberal (13.8%) transfusion strategy (relative risk [RR], 1.32 [95% CI, 1.04–1.67]) with no difference observed between the restrictive (15.8%) and liberal (15.1%) transfusion strategies in patients with type 2 MI (RR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.85–1.29]). The test for a differential effect of transfusion strategy by MI type was not statistically significant ( P interaction = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: The concern for harm with a restrictive transfusion strategy in patients with acute MI and anemia raised in the MINT primary outcome manuscript may be more apparent in patients with type 1 than type 2 MI. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02981407.
Systems Biology Approach Uncovers Candidates for Liver-Heart Interorgan Crosstalk in HFpEF
Authors: Stefano Strocchi, Luo Liu, Rongling Wang, Steffen P. Häseli, Federico Capone, David Bode, Natasha Nambiar, Tolga Eroglu, Leandro Santiago Padilla, Catherine Farrelly, Antonio Vacca, Marianna Mascagni, Christian U. Oeing, Ulrich Kintscher, Simone Jung, Saskia A. Diezel, Sarah V. Liévano Contreras, Mingqi Zhou, Marcus Seldin, Gabriele G. Schiattarella
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)
<scp>MiR</scp>‐10b‐5p alleviates Th2 inflammatory response by targeting <scp>SHP2</scp> phosphatase in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yumei Li, Xiangkun Zhao, Zhen Liu, Congxian Lu, Yaqi Wang, Jiahui Liu, Yakui Mou, Yu Zhang, Bing Li, Xicheng Song
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions. Data S1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue: Implications in dermatological diseases and beyond
Authors: Reihane Ziadlou, Ganesh N. Pandian, Jürg Hafner, Cezmi A. Akdis, Georg Stingl, Emanual Maverakis, Marie‐Charlotte Brüggen
Journal: Allergy (2024)

Abstract Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three‐layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue‐based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT‐specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.
Dissecting the genetic basis of UV-B responsive metabolites in rice
Authors: Feng Zhang, Chenkun Yang, Hao Guo, Yufei Li, Shuangqian Shen, Qianqian Zhou, Chun Li, Chao Wang, Ting Zhai, Lianghuan Qu, Cheng Zhang, Xianqing Liu, Jie Luo, Wei Chen, Shouchuang Wang, Jun Yang, Cui Yu, Yanyan Liu
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

UV-B, an important environmental factor, has been shown to affect the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to UV-B stress remain elusive in rice.