tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MSC-derived exosomes attenuate hepatic fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis through inhibition of Th17 differentiation
Authors: Wenyi Chen, Feiyan Lin, Xudong Feng, Qigu Yao, Yingduo Yu, Feiqiong Gao, Jiahang Zhou, Qiaoling Pan, Jian Wu, Jinfeng Yang, Jiong Yu, Hongcui Cao, Lanjuan Li
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2024)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune cholangiopathy characterized by chronic inflammation of the biliary epithelium and periductal fibrosis, with no curative treatment available, and liver transplantation is inevitable for end-stage patients. Human placental mesenchymal stem cell (hpMSC)-derived exosomes have demonstrated the ability to prevent fibrosis, inhibit collagen production and possess immunomodulatory properties in autoimmune liver disease. Here, we prepared hpMSC-derived exosomes (ExoMSC) and further investigated the anti-fibrotic effects and detailed mechanism on PSC based on Mdr2−/− mice and multicellular organoids established from PSC patients. The results showed that ExoMSC ameliorated liver fibrosis in Mdr2−/− mice with significant collagen reduction in the preductal area where Th17 differentiation was inhibited as demonstrated by RNAseq analysis, and the percentage of CD4+ IL-17A+ T cells was reduced both in ExoMSC-treated Mdr2−/− mice (Mdr2−/−-Exo) in vivo and ExoMSC-treated Th17 differentiation progressed in vitro. Furthermore, ExoMSC improved the hypersecretory phenotype and intercellular interactions in the hepatic Th17 microenvironment by regulating PERK/CHOP signaling as supported by multicellular organoids. Thus, our data demonstrate the anti-fibrosis effect of ExoMSC in PSC disease by inhibiting Th17 differentiation, and ameliorating the Th17-induced microenvironment, indicating the promising potential therapeutic role of ExoMSC in liver fibrosis of PSC or Th17-related diseases.
Patient-derived tumor spheroid-induced angiogenesis preclinical platform for exploring therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer
Authors: Jihoon Ko, Sujin Hyung, You Jeong Heo, Sangmin Jung, Seung Tae Kim, Se Hoon Park, Jung Yong Hong, Sung Hee Lim, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Sanghee Yoo, Noo Li Jeon, Jeeyun Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Gas-propelled nanomotors alleviate colitis through the regulation of intestinal immunoenvironment-hematopexis-microbiota circuits
Authors: Bo Xiao, Yuqi Liang, Ga Liu, Lingshuang Wang, Zhan Zhang, Libin Qiu, Haiting Xu, Sean Carr, Xiaoxiao Shi, Rui L. Reis, Subhas C. Kundu, Zhenghua Zhu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

The progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with immunologic derangement, intestinal hemorrhage, and microbiota imbalance. While traditional medications mainly focus on mitigating inflammation, it remains challenging to address multiple symptoms. Here, a versatile gas-propelled nanomotor was constructed by mild fusion of post-ultrasonic CaO2 nanospheres with Cu2O nanoblocks. The resulting CaO2-Cu2O possessed a desirable diameter (291.3 nm) and a uniform size distribution. It could be efficiently internalized by colonic epithelial cells and macrophages, scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and alleviate immune reactions by pro-polarizing macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This nanomotor was found to penetrate through the mucus barrier and accumulate in the colitis mucosa due to the driving force of the generated oxygen bubbles. Rectal administration of CaO2-Cu2O could stanch the bleeding, repair the disrupted colonic epithelial layer, and reduce the inflammatory responses through its interaction with the genes relevant to blood coagulation, anti-oxidation, wound healing, and anti-inflammation. Impressively, it restored intestinal microbiota balance by elevating the proportions of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Odoribacter and Bifidobacterium) and decreasing the abundances of harmful bacteria (e.g., Prevotellaceae and Helicobacter). Our gas-driven CaO2-Cu2O offers a promising therapeutic platform for robust treatment of UC via the rectal route.
Incidence of injury and illness at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games held in a closed-loop environment: a prospective cohort study of 7332 athlete days
Authors: Wayne Derman, Phoebe Runciman, Maaike Eken, Pieter-Henk Boer, Cheri Blauwet, Emmanouil Bogdos, Anja Hirschmueller, Esme Jordaan, James Kissick, Jan Lexell, Fariba Mohammadi, Marcelo Patricio, Martin Schwellnus, Nick Webborn, Jian-Xin Zhou
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective To describe the epidemiology of injuries and illnesses sustained during the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, organised in a closed-loop environment to adhere with COVID-19 restrictions. Methods Injuries and illnesses from all teams were recorded on a daily basis by team medical staff on a web-based form and by local organising committee medical (polyclinic) facilities and venue medical support. Duplicates recorded on both systems were removed. Incidence of injuries and illnesses are reported per 1000 athlete days (95% CI). Results 564 athletes (426 male and 138 female) representing 46 countries were monitored for the 13-day period of the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games (7332 athlete days). The overall incidences were 13.0 injuries (10.6–15.8) and 6.1 illnesses (4.5–8.4) per 1000 athlete days. The incidence of injury in alpine skiing (19.9; 15.2–26.1) was significantly higher compared with Nordic skiing, ice hockey and wheelchair curling (p&lt;0.05), while the incidence of respiratory illness was significantly higher in Nordic skiing (1.6; 0.9–2.9) compared with alpine skiing, ice hockey and snowboarding (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion The incidence of both injury and illness at the Beijing 2022 Games were the lowest yet reported in the Paralympic Winter Games. The incidence of injury was highest in alpine skiing. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing vigilance and continued injury risk mitigation strategies to safeguard the well-being of athletes in these high-risk competitions. Respiratory illnesses were most commonly reported in Nordic skiing, which included the three cases of COVID-19 recorded at the games.
Participation in Competitive Sports by Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Kamel Shibbani, Ali Abdulkarim, Werner Budts, Jolien Roos–Hesselink, Jan Müller, Keri Shafer, Prashob Porayette, Ali Zaidi, Jacqueline Kreutzer, Tarek Alsaied
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Conjunctivitis Preferred Practice Pattern
Authors: Albert Y. Cheung, Daniel S. Choi, Sumayya Ahmad, Guillermo Amescua, Vishal Jhanji, Amy Lin, Shahzad I. Mian, Michelle K. Rhee, Elizabeth T. Viriya, Francis S. Mah, Divya M. Varu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)
Dry Eye Syndrome Preferred Practice Pattern®
Authors: Guillermo Amescua, Sumayya Ahmad, Albert Y. Cheung, Daniel S. Choi, Vishal Jhanji, Amy Lin, Shahzad I. Mian, Michelle K. Rhee, Elizabeth T. Viriya, Francis S. Mah, Divya M. Varu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)
Corneal Edema and Opacification Preferred Practice Pattern®
Authors: Shahzad I. Mian, Elizabeth T. Viriya, Sumayya Ahmad, Guillermo Amescua, Albert Y. Cheung, Daniel S. Choi, Vishal Jhanji, Amy Lin, Michelle K. Rhee, Francis S. Mah, Divya M. Varu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)
Directing RNA-modifying machineries towards endogenous RNAs: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Monika Witzenberger, Schraga Schwartz
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2024)

Over 170 chemical modifications can be naturally installed on RNA, all of which are catalyzed by dedicated machineries. These modifications can alter RNA sequence structure, stability, and translation as well as serving as quality control marks that record aspects of RNA processing. The diverse roles played by RNAs within cells has motivated endeavors to exogenously introduce RNA modifications at target sites for diverse purposes ranging from recording RNA:protein interactions to therapeutic applications. Here, we discuss these applications and the approaches that have been employed to engineer RNA-modifying machineries, and highlight persisting challenges and perspectives.
Insertable Biosensors: Combining Implanted Sensing Materials with Wearable Monitors
Authors: David Chimene, Kirstie M.K. Queener, Brian S. Ko, Mike McShane, Michael Daniele
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2024)

Insertable biosensor systems are medical diagnostic devices with two primary components: an implantable biosensor within the body and a wearable monitor that can remotely interrogate the biosensor from outside the body. Because the biosensor does not require a physical connection to the electronic monitor, insertable biosensor systems promise improved patient comfort, reduced inflammation and infection risk, and extended operational lifetimes relative to established percutaneous biosensor systems. However, the lack of physical connection also presents technical challenges that have necessitated new innovations in developing sensing chemistries, transduction methods, and communication modalities. In this review, we discuss the key developments that have made insertables a promising option for longitudinal biometric monitoring and highlight the essential needs and existing development challenges to realizing the next generation of insertables for extended-use diagnostic and prognostic devices.
Surgery, Needle Fasciotomy, or Collagenase Injection for Dupuytren Contracture
Authors: Mikko Petteri Räisänen, Olli V. Leppänen, Janne Soikkeli, Aleksi Reito, Antti Malmivaara, Rachelle Buchbinder, Hannu Kautiainen, Antti Kaivorinne, Susanna Stjernberg-Salmela, Minna Lappalainen, Toni Luokkala, Annele Pönkkö, Hanna-Stiina Taskinen, Markus Pääkkönen, Kati Jaatinen, Joona Juurakko, Venla-Linnea Karjalainen, Teemu Karjalainen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Surgery, needle fasciotomy, and collagenase injection are used to treat Dupuytren contracture. The treatment decision requires balancing initial morbidity and costs of surgery against its potential long-term benefits over needle fasciotomy and collagenase.
Annals Graphic Medicine - Remnants of Breaking Bad News
Authors: Jørgen Valeur
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Web Exclusives13 February 2024Annals Graphic Medicine - Remnants of Breaking Bad NewsFREEJørgen Valeur, MD, PhDJørgen Valeur, MD, PhDUnger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway (J.V.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G23-0006 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jørgen Valeur, MD, PhDAffiliations: Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway (J.V.)Disclosures: The author has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G23-0006.Author/Illustrator Information: Jørgen Valeur, MD, PhD, is Senior Consultant and Professor (Full) in Gastroenterology and Head of Department of Unger-Vetlesen Institute, a laboratory devoted to clinical medical research at Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital in Oslo, Norway. He finds it highly rewarding to make illustrations to accompany his work, especially when meeting patients (e-mail, Jorgen.valeur@lds.no).This article was published at Annals.org on 13 February 2024. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Latest ePublished: 13 February 2024 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2024 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mobile Health Interventions for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Michael S. Businelle, Olga Perski, Emily T. Hébert, Darla E. Kendzor
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2024)

Substance use disorders (SUDs) have an enormous negative impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole. Most individuals with SUDs do not receive treatment because of the limited availability of treatment providers, costs, inflexible work schedules, required treatment-related time commitments, and other hurdles. A paradigm shift in the provision of SUD treatments is currently underway. Indeed, with rapid technological advances, novel mobile health (mHealth) interventions can now be downloaded and accessed by those that need them anytime and anywhere. Nevertheless, the development and evaluation process for mHealth interventions for SUDs is still in its infancy. This review provides a critical appraisal of the significant literature in the field of mHealth interventions for SUDs with a particular emphasis on interventions for understudied and underserved populations. We also discuss the mHealth intervention development process, intervention optimization, and important remaining questions.
CRISPR/Cas Technology: The Unique Synthetic Biology Genome-Editing Tool Shifting the Paradigm in Viral Diagnostics, Defense, and Therapeutics
Authors: Lang Zhou, Aleksandr L. Simonian
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2024)

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has starkly exposed our significantly limited ability to promptly identify and respond to emergent biological threats. Consequently, there is an urgent need to advance biotechnological methods for addressing both known and unforeseen biological hazards. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas system has revolutionized genetic engineering, enabling precise and efficient synthetic biology applications. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental principles underlying the CRISPR/Cas system and assess the advantages and limitations of various CRISPR/Cas-based techniques applicable to the detection of, defense against, and treatment of viral infections. These techniques include viral diagnostics, the development of antiviral vaccines, B cell engineering for antibody production, viral activation/interference, and epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, this review delves into the challenges and bioethical considerations associated with use of the CRISPR/Cas system. With the continuous evolution of technology, the CRISPR/Cas system holds considerable promise for addressing both existing and unforeseen biological threats.
Histotripsy: A Method for Mechanical Tissue Ablation with Ultrasound
Authors: Zhen Xu, Tatiana D. Khokhlova, Clifford S. Cho, Vera A. Khokhlova
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2024)

Histotripsy is a relatively new therapeutic ultrasound technology to mechanically liquefy tissue into subcellular debris using high-amplitude focused ultrasound pulses. In contrast to conventional high-intensity focused ultrasound thermal therapy, histotripsy has specific clinical advantages: the capacity for real-time monitoring using ultrasound imaging, diminished heat sink effects resulting in lesions with sharp margins, effective removal of the treated tissue, a tissue-selective feature to preserve crucial structures, and immunostimulation. The technology is being evaluated in small and large animal models for treating cancer, thrombosis, hematomas, abscesses, and biofilms; enhancing tumor-specific immune response; and neurological applications. Histotripsy has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat liver tumors, with clinical trials undertaken for benign prostatic hyperplasia and renal tumors. This review outlines the physical principles of various types of histotripsy; presents major parameters of the technology and corresponding hardware and software, imaging methods, and bioeffects; and discusses the most promising preclinical and clinical applications.
Corneal Ectasia Preferred Practice Pattern®
Authors: Vishal Jhanji, Sumayya Ahmad, Guillermo Amescua, Albert Y. Cheung, Daniel S. Choi, Amy Lin, Shahzad I. Mian, Michelle K. Rhee, Elizabeth T. Viriya, Francis S. Mah, Divya M. Varu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2024)
The Scientific Basis for the Regulation of Flavors in Tobacco Products
Authors: Krysten W. Bold, Grace Kong, Stephanie S. O'Malley
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2024)

Effective tobacco policies are important for reducing the harm of tobacco use and can have a broad impact at the population level. This review provides an overview of how clinical science can inform tobacco policies with a focus on policies related to flavored tobacco products, using menthol cigarettes as an illustrative example. Specifically, this review summarizes the role of flavors in tobacco use and the history of regulation of flavored tobacco products by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), provides an overview of clinical research methods used to contribute to the scientific evidence to inform FDA tobacco policies, discusses key findings related to menthol tobacco products using these methods, and proposes future directions for clinical research. As the tobacco marketplace continues to evolve with new products and flavor chemicals, ongoing clinical science will be essential for establishing evidence-based policies to protect public health and reduce tobacco-related health disparities.
Racial Stress, Racial Trauma, and Evidence-Based Strategies for Coping and Empowerment
Authors: Samantha C. Holmes, Manzar Zare, Angela M. Haeny, Monnica T. Williams
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2024)

Racial stress and racial trauma refer to psychological, physiological, and behavioral responses to race-based threats and discriminatory experiences. This article reviews the evidence base regarding techniques for coping with racial stress and trauma. These techniques include self-care, self-compassion, social support, mindfulness, cognitive restructuring, cognitive defusion, identity-affirming practices and development of racial/ethnic identity, expressive writing, social action and activism, and psychedelics. These strategies have shown the potential to mitigate psychological symptoms and foster a sense of empowerment among individuals affected by racial stress and trauma. While the ultimate goal should undoubtedly be to address the root cause of racism, it is imperative to acknowledge that until then, implementing these strategies can effectively provide much-needed support for individuals affected by racism.
Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, and Atrial Fibrillation After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Jung Eun Yoo, Miso Kim, Bongseong Kim, Heesun Lee, Won Hyuk Chang, Jeehyun Yoo, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Electrical Impedance Tomography–based Ventilation Patterns in Patients after Major Surgery
Authors: Hirofumi Iwata, Takeshi Yoshida, Taiki Hoshino, Yuki Aiyama, Takashi Maezawa, Haruka Hashimoto, Yukiko Koyama, Tomomi Yamada, Yuji Fujino
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

General anesthesia and mechanical ventilation have negative impacts on the respiratory system, causing heterogeneous distribution of lung aeration, but little is known about the ventilation patterns of postoperative patients and their association with clinical outcomes.
How Would You Prevent Subsequent Strokes in This Patient? Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Authors: Zahir Kanjee, Jennifer L. Dearborn-Tomazos, Sandeep Kumar, Eileen E. Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association recently published updated guidelines on secondary stroke prevention. In these rounds, 2 vascular neurologists use the case of Mr. S, a 75-year-old man with a history of 2 strokes, to discuss and debate questions in the guideline concerning intensity of atrial fibrillation monitoring in embolic stroke of undetermined source, diagnosis and management of moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis, and therapeutic strategies for recurrent embolic stroke of undetermined source in the setting of guideline-concordant therapy.
Vascular Regenerative Cell Deficiencies in South Asian Adults
Authors: Aishwarya Krishnaraj, Ehab Bakbak, Hwee Teoh, Yi Pan, Irene N. Firoz, Arjun K. Pandey, Daniella C. Terenzi, Raj Verma, Basel Bari, Asaad I. Bakbak, Shakkeela Padanilathu Kunjummar, Bobby Yanagawa, Kim A. Connelly, C. David Mazer, Ori D. Rotstein, Adrian Quan, Deepak L. Bhatt, Darren K. McGuire, David A. Hess, Subodh Verma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Liquid Biopsy Based on Cell-Free DNA and RNA
Authors: Conor Loy, Lauren Ahmann, Iwijn De Vlaminck, Wei Gu
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2024)

This review delves into the rapidly evolving landscape of liquid biopsy technologies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-free RNA (cfRNA) and their increasingly prominent role in precision medicine. With the advent of high-throughput DNA sequencing, the use of cfDNA and cfRNA has revolutionized noninvasive clinical testing. Here, we explore the physical characteristics of cfDNA and cfRNA, present an overview of the essential engineering tools used by the field, and highlight clinical applications, including noninvasive prenatal testing, cancer testing, organ transplantation surveillance, and infectious disease testing. Finally, we discuss emerging technologies and the broadening scope of liquid biopsies to new areas of diagnostic medicine.
Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Manuel Ramos-Casals, Antoni Sisó-Almirall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are toxicities that arise after the administration of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints (immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs]) in patients with cancer. They can occur at any time after initiation of ICI treatment, with a broad clinical phenotype that can be organ-specific or systemic. Although most irAEs manifest as mild to moderate signs and symptoms, severe forms of irAEs can lead to irreversible organ failure and have acute life-threatening presentations. Treatment should be tailored to the specific organ involved and the severity. Glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for most irAEs, with immunosuppressants and biologics mainly used as second-line treatments.
A tobacco-free generation: the end goal of the endgame
Authors: None The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2024)

Last year The Lancet Respiratory Medicine published an Editorial discussing how the tobacco endgame initiative could best establish a tobacco-free generation, in which less than 5% of the European population uses tobacco by 2040. A major goal to achieve this initiative will be to ensure that children and adolescents receive adequate help to avoid tobacco-related and nicotine-related products, in particular electronic nicotine delivery systems which are highly addictive.
Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of rifasutenizol, a novel dual-targeted antibacterial agent in healthy participants and patients in China with Helicobacter pylori infection: four randomised clinical trials
Authors: Xiaojiao Li, Yusi Liu, Meng Wang, Lei Gao, Jingrui Liu, Hong Zhang, Min Wu, Hong Chen, Jinfeng Lou, Jing Wang, Jing Chen, Guozhu Geng, Zhenkun Ma, Yanhua Ding
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)
ChatGPT does not neglect a neglected disease, if appropriately prompted – Authors' reply
Authors: Mathieu Nacher, Ugo Françoise, Antoine Adenis
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)

We read with interest the response from Richard Armitage1 to our Correspondence on ChatGPT 3·5 and clinical vignettes of confirmed histoplasmosis cases in people living with HIV.2 The main point highlighted was that the way the prompt was formulated could improve results. The reformulation of the query from "What are the diagnostic hypotheses?" to "What are the 10 most likely causative organisms?" greatly improved ChatGPT's "diagnostic performance". We fully agree on the importance of the way in which the prompt is formulated.