tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treat All versus targeted strategies to select HBV-infected people for antiviral therapy in The Gambia, west Africa: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Liem B Luong Nguyen, Maud Lemoine, Gibril Ndow, Zachary J Ward, Timothy B Hallet, Umberto D’Alessandro, Mark Thursz, Shevanthi Nayagam, Yusuke Shimakawa
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

Global elimination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires expanded uptake of antiviral therapy, potentially by simplifying testing algorithms, especially in resource-limited countries. We evaluated the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and budget impact of three strategies that determine eligibility for anti-HBV treatment, as compared with the WHO 2015 treatment eligibility criteria, in The Gambia. We developed a microsimulation model of natural history using data from the Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa programme (known as PROLIFICA) in The Gambia, for an HBV-infected cohort of individuals aged 20 years. The algorithms included in the model were a conventional strategy using the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2017 criteria, a simplified algorithm using hepatitis B e antigen and alanine aminotransferase (the Treatment Eligibility in Africa for the Hepatitis B Virus [TREAT-B] score), a Treat All approach for all HBV-infected individuals, and the WHO 2015 criteria. Outcomes to measure effectiveness were disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life saved (YLS), which were used to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) with the WHO 2015 criteria as the base-case scenario. Costs were assessed from a modified social perspective. A budget impact analysis was also done. We tested the robustness of results with a range of sensitiviy analyses including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Compared with the WHO criteria, TREAT-B resulted in 4877 DALYs averted and Treat All resulted in 9352 DALYs averted, whereas the EASL criteria led to an excess of 795 DALYs. TREAT-B was cost-saving, whereas the ICER for Treat All (US$2149 per DALY averted) was higher than the cost-effectiveness threshold for The Gambia (0·5 times the country's gross domestic product per capita: $352). These patterns did not change when YLS was the outcome. In a modelled cohort of 5000 adults (aged 20 years) with chronic HBV infection from The Gambia, the 5-year budget impact was $1·14 million for Treat All, $0·66 million for TREAT-B, $1·03 million for the WHO criteria, and $1·16 million for the EASL criteria. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that among the Treat All, EASL, and TREAT-B algorithms, Treat All would become the most preferred strategy only with a willingness-to-pay threshold exceeding approximately $72 000 per DALY averted or $110 000 per YLS. Although the Treat All strategy might be the most effective, it is unlikely to be cost-effective in The Gambia. A simplified strategy such as TREAT-B might be a cost-saving alternative. UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council). For the French translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Oral swabs with a rapid molecular diagnostic test for pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children: a systematic review
Authors: E Chandler Church, Karen R Steingart, Gerard A Cangelosi, Morten Ruhwald, Mikashmi Kohli, Adrienne E Shapiro
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

BackgroundTuberculosis is a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, but diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis remains challenging. Oral swabs are a promising non-sputum alternative sample type for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of oral swabs to detect pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and children and suggest research implications.MethodsIn this systematic review, we searched published and preprint studies from Jan 1, 2000, to July 5, 2022, from eight databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Science Citation Index, medRxiv, bioRxiv, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar). We included diagnostic accuracy studies including cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies in adults and children from which we could extract or derive sensitivity and specificity of oral swabs as a sample type for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis against a sputum microbiological (nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] on sputum or culture) or composite reference standard.FindingsOf 550 reports identified by the search, we included 16 eligible reports (including 20 studies and 3083 participants) that reported diagnostic accuracy estimates on oral swabs for pulmonary tuberculosis. Sensitivity on oral swabs ranged from 36% (95% CI 26–48) to 91% (80–98) in adults and 5% (1–14) to 42% (23–63) in children. Across all studies, specificity ranged from 66% (95% CI 52–78) to 100% (97–100), with most studies reporting specificity of more than 90%. Meta-analysis was not performed because of sampling and testing heterogeneity.InterpretationSensitivity varies in both adults and children when diverse methods are used. Variability in sampling location, swab type, and type of NAAT used in accuracy studies limits comparison. Although data are suggestive that high accuracy is achievable using oral swabs with molecular testing, more research is needed to define optimal methods for using oral swabs as a specimen for tuberculosis detection. The current data suggest that tongue swabs and swab types that collect increased biomass might have increased sensitivity. We would recommend that future studies use these established methods to continue to refine sample processing to maximise sensitivity.FundingBill and Melinda Gates foundation (INV-045721) and FIND (Netherlands Enterprise Agency on behalf of the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation [NL-GRNT05] and KfW Development Bank, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [KFW-TBBU01/02]).
The AlignMNH 2023 Conference: progress in raising parents’ voices in stillbirth advocacy
Authors: Bridget Hartnett, Laura Fitzgerald, Anita Gibson, Charlene Reynolds
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

Conference organisers’ reply We appreciate the excellent points and recommendations raised by Grace Mwashigadi and colleagues. We are committed to fostering spaces for honest conversations, respectful engagement, continuous learning, and improving care. As the authors note, stillbirth rates remain unacceptably high. The International Maternal Newborn Health Conference brought the global maternal and newborn health community together to drive action to improve the health of women and newborns and prevent stillbirths. As part of these efforts, it was essential to highlight parents’ voices, including that of Treasure Lwantale. The willingness of Treasure and others to share their stories of loss displayed courage and vulnerability. Their stories reinforced that they are not just numbers. Each family deserves our support and empathy. We need to listen deeply to them to learn and commit collectively to doing better. As the authors rightfully note, important considerations must be taken into account when amplifying personal stories of loss. The authors outline three recommendations. First, the wellbeing of those affected by perinatal loss, such as parents or health-care providers, is an absolute priority. Moving forward, we commit—and encourage other conference organisers to commit—to providing safe and quiet reflective spaces for processing and connecting with others present who might be re-experiencing loss and grief. Second, the authors highlight the need for greater integration of mental health services and wellbeing support for parents, families, and health-care workers during discussions and speaking engagements. We fully agree and look forward to working with mental health professionals and the maternal newborn health community to co-create support options. Stories of loss can be distressing for people with painful experiences of their own. Common perinatal mental disorders, which often accompany the experience of loss, are the most frequent complications in the perinatal period, with long-lasting effects on health and quality of life.1Lasater ME Beebe M Gresh A Blomberg K Warren N Addressing the unmet need for maternal mental health services in low- and middle-income countries: integrating mental health into maternal health care.J Midwifery Womens Health. 2017; 62: 657-660Crossref Scopus (13) Google Scholar And yet, mental health issues are still highly stigmatised, and rarely recognised or addressed effectively. Third, stories like Treasure's help us understand the importance of parents’ voices. As the authors state, we must ensure that “parents have an equal place at the table as strategic partners, organisers, speakers, and panel members”. And we must do so in a way that is empowering and prioritises psychological safety. We thank the authors for furthering this important conversation and trust that this is the start of an ongoing dialogue. Working together, we will accelerate progress. We declare no competing interests.
A positive feedback circuit driven by m6A-modified circular RNA facilitates colorectal cancer liver metastasis
Authors: Kaixuan Zeng, Jianhong Peng, Yue Xing, Linjie Zhang, Peishan Zeng, Weihao Li, Weili Zhang, Zhizhong Pan, Chi Zhou, Junzhong Lin
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2023)

Abstract Background Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerge evidence suggests that circular RNA (circRNA) is a pivotal player in cancer progression. However, its role in CRC liver metastasis remains largely unknown. Methods Circ-YAP expression was detected by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. The function of circ-YAP was tested by wound healing, transwell and CCK-8 assays. RNA immunoprecipitation, pull-down, luciferase reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the mechanism underlying circ-YAP promoting CRC liver metastasis. CRC liver metastasis animal model was established to assess the effect of circ-YAP in vivo. Results Circ-YAP was notably upregulated in CRC with liver metastasis, which was associated with dismal prognosis. Circ-YAP promoted CRC cell migration and invasion in vitro, and facilitated liver metastasis in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) models in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-YAP encoded a novel truncated protein containing 220 amino acids, termed as YAP-220aa, which competitively bound to LATS1, resulting in YAP dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation, thereby activating a cohort of metastasis-promoting genes. Importantly, N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification orchestrated efficient initiation of circ-YAP translation, requiring m 6 A reader YTHDF3 and eIF4G2 translation initiation complex. Intriguingly, circ-YAP was transcriptionally enhanced by YAP/TEAD complex, thus forming a positive regulatory feed-forward loop. Conclusions Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized oncoprotein encoded by circ-YAP, implying a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC patients with liver metastasis.
The “coupler” technique for endoscopic removal of a threaded inside stent that migrated above tight hilar strictures
Authors: Sho Kitagawa, Narito Murakoshi, Shori Ishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Recently, encouraging data of suprapapillary inside stents for biliary strictures have been reported, and threaded inside plastic stents have been increasingly utilized to manage hilar strictures [1] [2] [3]. Although a knotted nylon thread is attached to the distal end, endoscopic retrieval of a completely migrated inside stent is sometimes challenging. Here we report a simple and feasible technique for the endoscopic removal of a threaded inside stent that migrated above tight hilar strictures.
Magnet-assisted endoscopic removal of ingested sewing needles from the stomach and descending duodenum
Authors: Qi Luo, Yang Li, Liansong Ye, Lifan Zhang, Meiting Liang, Bing Hu, Yi Mou
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

A 42-year-old man presented to our emergency department with a history of having swallowed several sewing needles an hour previously. Physical examination showed mild hyperemia of the pharynx and slight abdominal tenderness. Cervical thoracoabdominal computed tomography detected several high density shadows in the stomach and duodenum, without any signs of perforation ([Fig. 1]). Gastroscopy revealed the presence of three sharp-pointed sewing needles in the stomach and two in the descending duodenum ([Fig. 2]). The lengths of the needles were approximately 3–4 cm. Neither foreign forceps nor snares were able to grasp the needles tightly owing to their uncontrollable slim shape.
Screening Therapeutic Effects of MSC‐EVs to Acute Lung Injury Model on A Chip
Authors: Weiwei Chen, Yujuan Zhu, Rui Liu, Bin Kong, Nan Xia, Yuanjin Zhao, Lingyun Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is a lethal disease with high mortality rate, and its physiologically relevant models that could mimic human disease processes are urgently needed to study pathophysiology and predict drug efficacy. Here, this work presents a novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based ALI model on a microfluidic chip that reconstitutes an air–liquid interface lined by human alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium for screening the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived extracellular vesicles (MSC‐EVs) to the biomimetic ALI. The air–liquid interface is established by coculture of alveolar epithelium and microvascular endothelium on the opposite sides of the porous membrane. The functionalized architecture is characterized by integrate cell layers and suitable permeability. Using this biomimetic microsystem, LPS based ALI model is established, which exhibits the disrupted alveolar‐capillary barrier, reduced transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and impaired expression of junction proteins. As a reliable disease model, this work examines the effects of MSC‐EVs, and the data indicate the therapeutic potential of EVs for severe ALI. MSC‐EVs can alleviate barrier disruption by restoring both the epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity. They hope this study can become a unique approach to study human pathophysiology of ALI and advance drug development.
Real-world trough concentrations and effectiveness of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine: a multicenter prospective observational study in Switzerland
Authors: Paul Thoueille, Susana Alves Saldanha, Fabian Schaller, Eva Choong, Aline Munting, Matthias Cavassini, Dominique Braun, Huldrych F. Günthard, Katharina Kusejko, Bernard Surial, Hansjakob Furrer, Andri Rauch, Mathieu Rougemont, Pilar Ustero, Alexandra Calmy, Marcel Stöckle, Catia Marzolini, Caroline Di Benedetto, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Rein Jan Piso, Pascal Andre, François R. Girardin, Monia Guidi, Thierry Buclin, Laurent A. Decosterd, I Abela, K Aebi-Popp, A Anagnostopoulos, M Battegay, E Bernasconi, DL Braun, HC Bucher, A Calmy, M Cavassini, A Ciuffi, G Dollenmaier, M Egger, L Elzi, J Fehr, J Fellay, H Furrer, CA Fux, HF Günthard, A Hachfeld, D Haerry, B Hasse, HH Hirsch, M Hoffmann, I Hösli, M Huber, D Jackson-Perry, CR Kahlert, L Kaiser, O Keiser, T Klimkait, RD Kouyos, H Kovari, K Kusejko, N Labhardt, K Leuzinger, B Martinez de Tejada, C Marzolini, KJ Metzner, N Müller, J Nemeth, D Nicca, J Notter, P Paioni, G Pantaleo, M Perreau, A Rauch, L Salazar-Vizcaya, P Schmid, R Speck, M Stöckle, P Tarr, A Trkola, G Wandeler, M Weisser, S Yerly
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2023)

The efficacy and tolerability of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine were demonstrated in Phase III trials. However, low concentrations combined with other risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of virologic failure. This study aims to verify whether drug concentrations measured in a real-world setting are consistent with those previously reported.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for a small high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the hypopharynx detected incidentally by artificial intelligence
Authors: Ruide Liu, Xianglei Yuan, Shuang Liu, Bing Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Hypopharyngeal carcinoma, a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage owing to underdiagnosis. Limited knowledge of hypopharyngeal lesions and rapid access to the esophagus during endoscopy might contribute to this delayed diagnosis [1]. Previous studies have shown the potential of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems for high sensitivity detection of early pharyngeal cancer [2]. Here, we present a case in which a hypopharyngeal precancerous lesion was incidentally detected using AI and successfully treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
Targeting Nanomotor with Near‐Infrared/Ultrasound Triggered‐Transformation for Polystage‐Propelled Cascade Thrombolysis and Multimodal Imaging Diagnosis
Authors: Renjie Ruan, Sheng Chen, Jinyun Su, Ning Liu, Hongjuan Feng, Peijie Xiao, Xuan Zhang, Gaoxing Pan, Linxi Hou, Jin Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Abstract Nowadays, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases caused by venous thromboembolism become main causes of mortality around the world. The current thrombolytic strategies in clinics are confined primarily due to poor penetration of nanoplatforms, limited thrombolytic efficiency, and extremely‐low imaging accuracy. Herein, a novel nanomotor (NM) is engineered by combining iron oxide/perfluorohexane (PFH)/urokinase (UK) into liposome nanovesicle, which exhibits near‐infrared/ultrasound (NIR/US) triggered transformation, achieves non‐invasive vein thrombolysis, and realizes multimodal imaging diagnosis altogether. Interestingly, a three‐step propelled cascade thrombolytic therapy is revealed from such intelligent NM. First, the NM is effectively herded at the thrombus site under guidance of a magnetic field. Afterwards, stimulations of NIR/US propel phase transition of PFH, which intensifies penetration of the NM toward deep thrombus dependent on cavitation effect. Ultimately, UK is released from the collapsed NM and achieves pharmaceutical thrombolysis in a synergistic way. After an intravenous injection of NM in vivo, the whole thrombolytic process is monitored in real‐time through multimodal photoacoustic, ultrasonic, and color Doppler ultrasonic imagings. Overall, such advanced nanoplatform provides a brand‐new strategy for time‐critical vein thrombolytic therapy through efficient thrombolysis and multimodal imaging diagnosis.
Outcome of First-Line Treatment With Pembrolizumab According to KRAS/TP53 Mutational Status for Nonsquamous Programmed Death-Ligand 1–High (≥50%) NSCLC in the German National Network Genomic Medicine Lung Cancer
Authors: Philip Bischoff, Martin Reck, Tobias Overbeck, Petros Christopoulos, Achim Rittmeyer, Heike Lüders, Jens Kollmeier, Jonas Kulhavy, Marcel Kemper, Niels Reinmuth, Julia Röper, Melanie Janning, Linna Sommer, Lukas Aguinarte, Myriam Koch, Marcel Wiesweg, Claas Wesseler, Cornelius F. Waller, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Albrecht Stenzinger, Susann Stephan-Falkenau, Marcel Trautmann, Silke Lassmann, Markus Tiemann, Frederick Klauschen, Martin Sebastian, Frank Griesinger, Jürgen Wolf, Sonja Loges, Nikolaj Frost, Moritz Hilbrandt, Juliane Süptitz, Christian Grah, Janna-Lisa Velthaus, Hans-Georg Kopp, Bernd Schmidt, Susanne Horter, Stefanie Keymel, Enver Aydilek, Guergana Tritchkova, Matthias Raspe, Dražen Papić, Stefan Florian, David Horst, Peter J. Wild, Michael Thomas, Christian Grohé, Annalen Bleckmann, Martin Wermke, Horst-Dieter Hummel, Jan Stratmann, Wolfgang Schütte
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2023)

Programmed death-ligand 1 expression currently represents the only validated predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic NSCLC in the clinical routine, but it has limited value in distinguishing responses. Assessment of KRAS and TP53 mutations (mut) as surrogate for an immunosupportive tumor microenvironment (TME) might help to close this gap.
Episodic overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt does not increase mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Silvia Nardelli, Oliviero Riggio, Fabio Marra, Stefania Gioia, Dario Saltini, Daniele Bellafante, Valentina Adotti, Tomas Guasconi, Lorenzo Ridola, Martina Rosi, Cristian Caporali, Fabrizio Fanelli, Davide Roccarina, Marcello Bianchini, Federica Indulti, Alessandra Spagnoli, Manuela Merli, Francesco Vizzutti, Filippo Schepis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2023)

Overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) is a major complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement, given its high incidence and possibility of refractoriness to medical treatment. Nevertheless, the impact of post-TIPS OHE on mortality has not been investigated in a large population.
JAAD Case Reports article list
Authors: Kyle Seigel, David Croitoru, Orli Silverberg, Yvette Miller-Monthrope, Stephane Laframboise, Marissa Joseph, Gray-Brown Macules, Julian Cortes, Brian Hinds, Genevieve Kaunitz, Nishita Lockwood, Shaman Bhullar, Gauri Panse, Jonathan Leventhal, Sarah Williamson, Stephen Somach, Richard Bindernagel, Krina Chavda, Zoha Momin, Aya Alame, Travis Vandergriff, Cristina Thomas, Kaveh Nezafati, Ariany Denofre, Ana Carolina, B Silva, Carolina Stecca, Renata Magalha ˜es, Thais Buffo, Nathan Vengalil, Laurin Council, Basia Michalski, Maha Kazmi, William Zhang, Edward Hsiao, Andrew Gross, Katie Grouse, Thomas Link, Michael Tetzlaff, Philip Theodosopoulos, Anna Haemel, Fatima Bawany, Vignesh Ramachandran, Eduardo Rodriguez, Randie Kim, Jeffrey Weber, Ian Tattersall, Rita Chen, Christine Yokoyama, Milan Anadkat, Laeshelle Fitzpatrick Scale V Skin, Narendra Persad, Akil Olliverrie, Rajeev Nagassar, Salma Mohammed, Jarred Brewster, Christian Gan, Daryl Johnson, Christopher Mcaulay-Powell, Clin Dip, Robert Med, Eric Kowalski, H Kenney, Christopher Richardson, Ina Kreyberg, Elisabeth Schrumpf, Carl Fredrik Von Krogh, Rune Lilleng, Geir Tjønnfjord, Valeria Oliver-Garcı ´a, Kevin Moore, Thomas Denize, Mai Hoang, Victor Neel, Shadmehr Demehri, Fabrizio Martora, Maria Annunziata, Luigi Guerriero, Teresa Battista, Luca Potestio, Matteo Megna, Patrick Mcmullan, Aziz Khan, Jonas Adalsteinsson, Reid Waldman, Campbell Stewart, Brett Sloan, Marti Rothe, Henning Klapproth, Birte Stroucken, Doris Helbig, Iliana Tantcheva-Poo ´r, Mario Fabri, Refractory Haileyehailey, Lauren Murphy, Peter Ch'en, Eingun Song, Advika Dani, Harper Price, Vanessa Gildenstern, Colin Kincaid, Ajay Sharma, Bonnie Lee, Lauren Pinter-Brown, Janellen Smith, Kenneth Linden, Natasha Mesinkovska, Samavia Khan, Edward Bae, Regine Mathieu, Christopher Elco, Cathy Massoud, Elnaz Firoz, Catherine Xie, Barbara Stryjewska, Jennifer Mcniff, Bethel Shiferaw, Lauren Fahmy, Celine Schreidah, Brigit Lapolla, Cynthia Magro, Larisa Geskin, Jennifer Parker, Shayan Waseh, Sylvia Hsu, Jose Cortez, Danielle Turner, John Durkin, Mary Logue, Ahmad Shahin, Adina Greene, Craig Reeder, Collin Costello, Mark Pittelkow, David Dicaudo, Michael Lause, Abraham Korman, Nora Colburn, Shandra Day, Marek Greer, Michele Hardgrow, Kimberly Malcolm, Marcy Mcginnis, Elizabeth Seely, Justin Smyer, John Trinidad, Jake Besch, Jacob Kechter, Angelina Hwang, Puneet Bhullar, Pranav Puri, Richard Ba, Collin Butterfield, William Costello, Allison Rule, David Rosenthal, Mark Dicaudo, Aaron Pittelkow, Julianne Kleitsch, Darosa Lim, Rachita Pandya, Victoria Werth, Avni Patel, Marsha Chaffins, Tejas Joshi, Carly Dunn, Yve Huttenbach, Soo Kim, Michelle Toker, Tian Zhu, Pooja Srivastava, Bijal Amin, Jeanie Lee, Shudan Wang, Benedict Wu
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2023)