tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3554: Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Obese Population: A Growing Concern
Authors: Susana Martins, Nuno Cortez-Dias, Manuela Fiuza
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Context: There is general consensus that prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) increases with body mass index (BMI), but less is known in normal weight individuals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and likelihood of MS and its components in normal weight (NW: 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ), overweight (OW: 25–29.9 kg/m 2 ) and obese individuals (OB: ≥30 kg/m 2 ). NW parameters were further divided in the following: 18.5–20.9; 21–22.9; 23–24.9 kg/m 2 . Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study representative of all regions of Portugal. Individuals ≥18 years visiting their general practicioner, irrespective of their reason for consulting, were asked to participate after informed consent in the national registry of MS prevalence (VALSIM). MS was defined by NCEP-ATP III criteria. Overall MS, each of its components, as well as gender and age-specific prevalences were estimated. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of MS by age, gender and BMI. Results: A total of 16333 adults was analysed (mean age: 59±14 years; 61% women). The overall prevalence of MS was 29.4%. Risk of MS was higher in women and rose with age. The OR for MS in OW and OB was three and nine times, respectively. However, even non-obese population had an unexpected high prevalence of MS, particularlly in upper NW and OW Individuals. The analysis of each MS-component according to BMI showed that high blood pressure is highly prevalent in these Individuals, with relevance for those in lower NW. The occurence of fasting hyperglicemia (&gt;110mg/dL) in NW and OW Individuals was 13.6% and 25.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Individuals in the upper normal-weight and overweight BMI range have a high prevalence of high blood pressure, fasting hyperglicemia and MS. Therefore, screening individuals with normal or slightly elevated BMI is important in the prevention of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of MS and individual components according to BMI
Abstract 1074: Potassium Inward Rectifier Expression Is Regulated By TGF{beta} And BMP In Human Cardiomyocyte Progenitor Cells.
Authors: Patrick van Vliet, Teun P de Boer, Joost P Sluijter, Marcel A van der Heyden, Pieter A Doevendans, Marie-Jose Goumans
Journal: Circulation (2007)
Abstract 19293: Functional and Molecular Arrhythmogenic Substrates of Atrial Fibrillation Drivers (Reentrant Rotors) in Explanted Human Hearts
Authors: Ning Li, Brian J Hansen, Jichao Zhao, Laura Jayne, Brandon Moore, Thomas A Csepe, Robert S Higgins, Ahmet Kilic, Raul Weiss, Peter J Mohler, Paul M Janssen, Brandon J Biesiadecki, John D Hummel, Vadim V Fedorov
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  The underlying mechanisms for arrhythmogenic sources of human atrial fibrillation (AF drivers) remain unclear. Adenosine (Ado) is a clinical drug used to induce AF. We aim to characterize the functional and molecular substrates responsible for AF drivers during Ado-induced AF in explanted human hearts.   Methods:  Coronary perfused whole human atria (n=18), isolated from explanted human hearts with various cardiac diseases, were optically mapped from the epi- and/or endocardium simultaneously using two high-resolution CMOS cameras (3x3cm 2 -10x10cm 2  field of view). Atrial activation patterns and action potential durations (APD) were analyzed during baseline and Ado perfusion (10-100μM). AF induction was attempted with burst pacing. Atrial tissues of interest were collected before and after mapping to study structure and protein expression by analyzing histology, immunostaining and western blotting (WB).   Results:  Sustained AF was induced in 6/18 human atria by using burst pacing during Ado perfusion. In all 6 hearts, one or two sustained reentrant rotors were indentified in the pectinate muscle network of the lateral right atrial free wall (RAFW). The AF drivers were preferentially localized in specific regions (~1x1 cm 2 ) of the lateral RAFW with the shortest APD compared to other atrial tissue during Ado perfusion (Figure). Hearts in which AF was induced exhibited more pronounced APD80% shortening in the RAFW (88 ± 29ms vs. 36 ± 9ms, at 2Hz pacing, p=0.003) than hearts without AF. Immunostaining and WB showed 2-3 fold higher adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and GIRK4 expression in the lateral RAFW arrhythmogenic regions vs atrial tissue outside the preferential AF driver areas.   Conclusions:  The higher expression of A1R and GIRK4 in the human lateral RAFW may be responsible for pronounced shortening of APD and AF inducuibility by adenosine. It is also directly correlated with the localization of the sustained AF reentrant rotors in human hearts.
The Sexual Life of Woman in its Physiological, Pathological and Hygienic Aspects.
Authors: Kisch, E. Heinrich , b., Eden Paul
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emerging trends in type of chemotherapy (CT) received among patients (pts) with stage I breast cancer (BC).
Authors: Ines Maria Vaz Duarte Luis, Melissa E Hughes, Angel Cronin, Hope S. Rugo, Stephen B. Edge, Beverly Moy, Richard L. Theriault, Eric P. Winer, Nancy U. Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

522 Background: We examined time trends of CT used and associations with pts characteristics in Stage I BC. Methods: Prospective cohort studyincluding pts with Stage I BC treated at a National Comprehensive Cancer Network center from 2000-09. We examined the proportion of pts receiving intensive vs. non-intensive CT over time.We defined an intensive regimen as: a combination of anthracyclines and taxanes (e.g. ACT ± H) or a combination of carboplatin and docetaxel (e.g. TCH), and non-intensive as: anthracycline-based (e.g. AC), taxane-based (e.g. TC) or similar. We evaluated factors associated with type of CT using multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by HER2 receptor status. Results: Of 8,907 pts, 33% received adjuvant CT. There was a dramatic increase of intensive CT: among HER2+ pts from 31% in 2000-05 to 63% in 2008-09 (including an increase in the use of TCH) and among HER2- from 15% in 2000-05 to 41% in 2008-09. Among non-intensive regimens there was an increase in the use of regimens such as TC with a parallel decrease in the use of regimens such as AC, in both HER2+ and HER2- groups. Characteristics which factored into CT decisions differed by tumor subtype, with significant center variations. Conclusions: Over time, there was an increase in use of intensive regimens among Stage I BC. CT use differed by HER2 status with striking center and temporal variations. HER2+ HER2- CT type Year N % % TCH* AC-TH* N % % TC# AC# Intensive Intensive 2000-05 357 31 5 95 1,311 15 0.3 99.7 2006-07 193 65 27 73 463 33 21 79 2008-09 172 63 56 44 427 41 66 34 Associations with CT type (diagnosis 2006-2009) Intensive vs. nonintensive TCH vs. ACTH Intensive vs. nonintensive TC vs. AC OR P OR P OR P OR P Age (decade) 1.0 0.11 1.0 0.20 0.95 <0.01 1.03 0.01 HR + (v -) 0.7 0.25 1.0 0.97 0.3 <0.01 0.8 0.48 Tumor size (cm) 2.0 0.04 0.3 <0.01 2.6 <0.01 1.1 0.71 Race/ethnicity (other vs. white) 0.5 0.11 1.3 0.59 1.3 0.21 1.6 0.22 Comorbidity score (1+ v 0) 0.7 0.26 1.9 0.12 1.1 0.71 1.3 0.52 Year 1.4 0.02 1.8 <0.01 1.3 <0.01 3.5 <0.01 High grade 1.2 0.57 2.9 <0.01 1.9 <0.01 0.8 0.35 Lymphovascular invasion 1.5 0.37 0.9 0.85 2.1 <0.01 1.0 0.95 Center <0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 Among pts receiving *TCH/ACTH (represents 53% of pts with HER2+disease ). # TC/AC ( 68% of pts with HER2- disease).
Bioweapons
Authors: Vivienne Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Biological weapons have been used throughout history. 1 2 For example, in medieval sieges infected animal corpses were thrown over the walls to start epidemics. In the first world war attempts were made to infect horses with glanders, and throughout history invading armies have poisoned wells and other water sources. Despite the 1972 international convention banning their use,3 attempts have been made to use these weapons—the Aum Shinrikyo sect in Japan tried to use them in 1995. The attacks on media and government offices in the United States with anthrax in 2001 in the aftermath of the events of September 11 reminded all of us of our vulnerability to biological and toxin weapons. Whether those attacks were the work of organised groups, rogue states and their supporters, or individuals with perceived grievances against the US government and its agents is irrelevant. The key point is that they show that the clandestine manufacture and distribution …
Abstract 4732: Determinants of Left Ventricular Early Diastolic Lengthening Velocities
Authors: Espen W Remme, Anders Opdahl, Otto A Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The proposed determinants of the LV wall early diastolic lengthening velocity (E′) are: relaxation rate of active fiber stress ( tau ), LV pressure during early filling, restoring forces, and passive elastic wall stiffness. In experimental and clinical studies the individual determinants are difficult to alter and investigate separately due to their inter-dependency. The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model that provided a physical basis for the determinants and to validate their individual effect on E′. The LV wall was represented by a lumped parameter model consisting of two elements in parallel (Fig. a ): one representing the active fiber stress (Sa) and the other the passive elastic stress (Sp) represented by an elastic spring with stiffness K and resting length L 0 . The sum of active and passive wall stresses was set to equal LV pressure (LVP). Active stress was prescribed to decay exponentially. E′ was assessed during a simulation with baseline model parameter values and a higher value of each parameter in turn. At baseline E′ was 6.2 cm/s. E′ was decreased to 4.1 cm/s and delayed by prolonging relaxation from tau = 40 to 60 ms (Fig. b ). Increasing LVP during early filling by 5 mmHg increased E′ to 10.6 cm/s (Fig. c ). Decreasing restoring forces by increasing end systolic length from 57 to 60 mm decreased E′ to 2.6 cm/s (Fig. d ). Increasing passive stiffness from K=1500 to 3000 mmHg/m decreased E′ to 5.1 cm/s (Fig. e ). The mathematical model validated former experimental results and confirmed that E′ increases with shortening of tau , increase of diastolic LVP, decreased end systolic length, and decreased passive stiffness.
The SBDS Gene Regulates Viability of Myeloid Precursor Cells and Is Associated with High ROS Production and Telomere Shortening in the SBDS Downregulated Cells.
Authors: Masafumi Yamaguchi, Kingo Fujimura, Hanae Toga, Asim Khwaja, Naoki Okamura, Rajesh Chopra
Journal: Blood (2006)
Abstract 17825: Pulmonary Vein Isolation With a Single Encircling Lesion in Less Than 15 seconds: a New Catheter-Based Intra-Pericardial Ablation System
Authors: Steven R Mickelsen, Gary Long, William Lumpp, Eric Sauter, Olurotimi Mesubi, James Martins
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: We are developing a catheter-based intra-pericardial single-shot pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure. However, left atrial (LA) ablation from within the pericardial space introduces a number of technical challenges leading us to evaluate a kilovolt-range microsecond direct current ablation technique.

Hypothesis: Our novel DC ablation system can safely produce a transmural contiguous ablation lesion in a chronic animal model.

Methods: In 5 anesthetized pigs an over-the-wire 30-electrode catheter ablation system was positioned around the posterior LA encircling all pulmonary veins from within the pericardial space. Kilovolt-range (500 V n=1 & 1000 V n=4), bipolar, 100 us, DC impulses were delivered in a synchrony with cardiac pacing (120 pps). At 8 days the terminal procedure was performed. Triphenyltetrazolium solution was given prior to postmortem and histologic evaluation of the treatment zone and nearby structures.

Results: All 5 animals tolerated the procedure and survived without serious complications (survival of 177.80 ± 11.6 hours). Over-the-wire ablation catheter positioning required 4.4 ± 2.94 minutes. Average ablation time was 11.7 ± 1.2 seconds resulting in a dramatic attenuation in the local epicardial electrograms amplitude [mean amplitude 64% reduction (range 21%-88%) pre 2.13 ± 1.11 mV post 0.75 ± 0.45 mV, p<0.05]. No arrhythmias or significant hemodynamic change occurred. Necropsy revealed transmural (n=4/4), contiguous (n=4/4), linear encircling lesion encompassing the PVs and LA (1000 V impulse group). A transmural but non-contiguous lesson occurred in the animal receiving 500 V impulses. There was no gross evidence of focal injury to the adjacent structures, lungs, esophagus, and phrenic nerve. Tissues histology along the treatment zone confirmed well demarcated and consistently transmural lesions (range 1-8 mm depth).

Conclusions: The DC ablation technique is effective and remarkably fast with total ablation time taking less than 12 seconds. The technique appears well tolerated with no substantial evidence of significant collateral damage to bystander anatomy. Further study is needed to understand optimal dosing and safety prior to human studies.
Divided Staffs, Divided Selves: A Case Approach to Mental Health Ethics.
Authors: Stanley Joel Reiser, Harold J. Bursztajn, Paul S. Appelbaum, Thomas G. Gutheil
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Ethical decision making in the context of conflicting values takes on a fresh immediacy when the self itself is in conflict. Divided Staffs, Divided Selves: A Case Approach to Mental Health Ethics brings the immediacy of a clinical case conference to a wide range of students and clinicians. The book provides both clinical case material and a method for engaging in a dialogue choices in the mental health care field. The essays that introduce the volume place the ethical problems of treating mentally ill people in the context of the health care ethics movement and traditions of ethical decision making. The individual cases arise from clinical and consultative experiences. This case material will serve as the basis for learning and reflection by clinicians in interaction with their colleagues, and it also will be especially valuable to students studying ethical concepts who do not have access to real-life cases or problems.
Abstract P140: Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: A Systematic Review and A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Laura Lee, Philip Lupo
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective: Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common group of structural malformations occurring in approximately 1 out of every 100 births. In addition to being the most prevalent birth defect, CHDs are the leading cause of death due to congenital malformations. Despite their prevalence and clinical importance, little is known about the etiology of CHDs, and there are currently no strategies for reducing their prevalence. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been suggested as a potential risk factor for congenital heart defects, but the evidence is inconclusive. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies and conducted a meta-analysis of the association between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the risk of CHDs among the infants. Methods: From a search of published literature through July 2011, we extracted 35 original human epidemiological studies that examined the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (including a month before conception) and the risk of CHDs in offspring. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from each study or calculated from available data, comparing smoking to no smoking during pregnancy. Summary risk estimates were also calculated for a number of CHDs subtypes (e.g., conotruncal defects, ventricular septal defects) using both fixed- and random-effects models. Random effects estimates were reported if there was evidence of heterogeneity among the studies. Effects of paternal and environmental smoking were not considered in our analysis. Results: We observed statistically significant positive association between maternal smoking anytime during pregnancy and the risk of CHDs (OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.01–1.19; number of cases (n) = 19,552). Additionally, we found a positive and significant association between maternal smoking and the risk of conotruncal defects in offspring (OR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03–1.26; n = 1953). Although not statistically significant, stronger elevated risks were observed for ventricular septal defects (OR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.87–1.41; n = 4605) and atrial septal defects (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.97–1.86; n = 565). Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest maternal smoking is modestly associated with an increased risk of CHDs and some CHDs subtypes. This work adds to the existing body of evidence that implicated maternal smoking during pregnancy as a possible risk factor for CHDs. Future studies should consider evaluating paternal and environmental smoking exposure to better understand the relationship between smoking and CHDs.
America's Housekeeping Book
Authors: New York Herald Tribune
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Psychology of Conviction. A Study of Beliefs and Attitudes.
Authors: Joseph Jastrow
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Evolution of the Vertebral Column: A Contribution to the Study of Vertebrate Phylogeny
Authors: H. F. Gadow, J. F. Gaskell, H. L. H. H. Green
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal