tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of an AI-Based laparoscopic cholecystectomy coaching program on the surgical performance: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shangdi Wu, Ming Tang, Jie Liu, Dian Qin, Yuxian Wang, Siwei Zhai, Enxu Bi, Yichuan Li, Chunrong Wang, Yong Xiong, Guangkuo Li, Fengwei Gao, Yunqiang Cai, Pan Gao, Zhong Wu, He Cai, Jian Liu, Yonghua Chen, Chihua Fang, Li Yao, Jingwen Jiang, Bing Peng, Hong Wu, Ang Li, Xin Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstones but carries inherent risks like bile duct injury (BDI). While critical view of safety (CVS) is advocated to mitigate BDI, its real-world adoption is limited. Additionally, significant variations in surgeon performance impede procedural standardization, highlighting the need for a feasible, innovative, and effective training approach. The aim of this study is to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted coaching program for LC to enhance surgical education and improve surgeon's performance.
Reevaluating colonoscopy screening intervals: extending the timeline to 15 years for Low-Risk individuals
Authors: Banwari Lal Bairwa, Hamza Sajjad, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Sarvesh Rustagi, Mahendra Pratap Singh, Ayush Anand
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Bairwa, Banwari Lal MBBS, MS, FMAS, FIAGES, FALS, FACS; Sajjad, Hamza MBBS; Nazli Khatib, Mahalaqua MD, PhD; Sharma, Rakesh Kumar PhD; Rustagi, Sarvesh PhD; Pratap Singh, Mahendra PhD; Anand, Ayush MD Author Information
Robotic assisted common bile duct exploration for management of complex gallstone disease
Authors: Javed Latif, Harry Lewis, Poppy Mountjoy, Imran Bhatti, Altaf Awan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Minimally invasive cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration offers single- stage management for complex gallstone disease (cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis). Robotic platform presents benefits in improving operative precision, which has not been extensively evaluated in the acute setting of managing complex gallstone disease, as well as in performing transcholedochal or post cholecystectomy common bile duct exploration. We report an early series of emergent and expedited robotic assisted cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration (RC-CBDE) or robotic common bile duct exploration (R-CBDE) alone.
Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles: the next generation of neural circulating biomarkers?
Authors: Rocío del Carmen Bravo-Miana, Jone Karmele Arizaga-Echebarria, David Otaegui
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2024)

Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) is integrated by glial and neuronal cells, and both release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that participate in CNS homeostasis. EVs could be one of the best candidates to operate as nanosized biological platforms for analysing multidimensional bioactive cargos, which are protected during systemic circulation of EVs. Having a window into the molecular level processes that are happening in the CNS could open a new avenue in CNS research. This raises a particular point of interest: can CNS-derived EVs in blood serve as circulating biomarkers that reflect the pathological status of neurological diseases? L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) is a widely reported biomarker to identify CNS-derived EVs in peripheral blood. However, it has been demonstrated that L1CAM is also expressed outside the CNS. Given that principal data related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease were obtained using L1CAM-positive EVs, efforts to overcome present challenges related to its specificity are required. In this sense, other surface biomarkers for CNS-derived EVs, such as glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), among others, have started to be used. Establishing a panel of EV biomarkers to analyse CNS-derived EVs in blood could increase the specificity and sensitivity necessary for these types of studies. This review covers the main evidence related to CNS-derived EVs in cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples of patients with neurological diseases, focusing on the reported biomarkers and the technical possibilities for their isolation. EVs are emerging as a mirror of brain physiopathology, reflecting both localized and systemic changes. Therefore, when the technical hindrances for EV research and clinical applications are overcome, novel disease-specific panels of EV biomarkers would be discovered to facilitate transformation from traditional medicine to personalized medicine.
Final Results for Adjuvant Dabrafenib plus Trametinib in Stage III Melanoma
Authors: Georgina V. Long, Axel Hauschild, Mario Santinami, John M. Kirkwood, Victoria Atkinson, Mario Mandala, Barbara Merelli, Vanna Chiarion Sileni, Marta Nyakas, Andrew Haydon, Caroline Dutriaux, Caroline Robert, Laurent Mortier, Jacob Schachter, Dirk Schadendorf, Thierry Lesimple, Ruth Plummer, James Larkin, Monique Tan, Sachin Bajirao Adnaik, Paul Burgess, Tarveen Jandoo, Reinhard Dummer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

The 5-year results of this trial showed that adjuvant therapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib resulted in longer relapse-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival than placebo among patients with
Protection against Alzheimer’s Disease with APOE Christchurch Variant — How?
Authors: John Hardy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Protective variants of genetic loci are of particular interest for two reasons: first, because they are important from a clinical genetic perspective; and second, because they may give mechanistic clues about potential therapeutic strategies. In Alzheimer's disease, the most prevalent protective allele is APOE2 (encoding apolipoprotein E2), which has a population allele frequency of approximately 10%.1 With regard to the age at onset, sporadic Alzheimer's disease is delayed by approximately 10 years in persons with APOE2 homozygosity as compared with the general population.2-4 APOE2 heterozygosity delays the onset of sporadic Alzheimer's disease by approximately 5 years (relative to APOE3 homozygosity) . . .
Risk of Bleeding in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Young-Gi Song, Kyeong-Min Yeom, Eun Ae Jung, Sang Gyune Kim, Young Seok Kim, Jeong-Ju Yoo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2024)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Introduction:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The combination of atezolizumab/bevacizumab has emerged as an effective first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, this therapy is potentially associated with bleeding complications, warranting a comprehensive analysis of their incidence and severity. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize available evidence from clinical trials and observational studies to quantify the prevalence of bleeding following atezolizumab/bevacizumab administration. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This meta-analysis focused on HCC treatment using atezolizumab/bevacizumab, particularly examining bleeding complications. It determined the prevalence of bleeding post-administration and compared the risk ratio with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib or lenvatinib). Risk factors for bleeding complications were also evaluated. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; From 28 studies involving 3,895 patients, the pooled prevalence of bleeding side effects was 8.42% (95% CI: 5.72–11.54). Grade III or IV bleeding occurred in 4.42% (95% CI: 2.64–6.10) of patients, with grade V bleeding observed in 2.06% (95% CI: 0.56–4.22). Gastrointestinal bleeding, predominantly variceal, was the most common, with a prevalence of 5.48% (95% CI: 3.98–7.17). Subgroup analysis indicated variability in bleeding rates based on study design and geographical location. Atezolizumab/bevacizumab treatment exhibited a 2.11 times higher prevalence of bleeding compared to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (95% CI: 1.21–3.66). Meta-regression identified high body mass index (BMI) and higher proportion of albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 3 as significant risk factors for bleeding complications. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Atezolizumab/bevacizumab therapy for advanced HCC carries a heightened risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, exceeding that of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. High BMI and higher ALBI grade are key predictors of bleeding complications, emphasizing the need for cautious patient selection and monitoring.
Combination Targeted Therapy in Relapsed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Christopher Melani, Rahul Lakhotia, Stefania Pittaluga, James D Phelan, Da Wei Huang, George Wright, Jillian Simard, Jagan Muppidi, Craig J Thomas, Michele Ceribelli, Frances A Tosto, Yandan Yang, Weihong Xu, Theresa Davies-Hill, Svetlana D Pack, Cody J Peer, Oluwatobi Arisa, Esther Mena, Liza Lindenberg, Ethan Bergvall, Craig A Portell, Rafic J Farah, Seung Tae Lee, Amynah Pradhan, Candis Morrison, Atekelt Tadese, Anna Marie Juanitez, Crystal Lu, Allison Jacob, Heidi Simmons, William D Figg, Seth M Steinberg, Elaine S Jaffe, Mark Roschewski, Louis M Staudt, Wyndham H Wilson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

The identification of oncogenic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has led to the development of drugs that target essential survival pathways, but whether targeting multiple survival pathways may be curative in DLBCL is unknown.
<i>APOE3</i> Christchurch Heterozygosity and Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yakeel T. Quiroz, David Aguillon, Daniel C. Aguirre-Acevedo, Daniel Vasquez, Yesica Zuluaga, Ana Y. Baena, Lucia Madrigal, Liliana Hincapié, Justin S. Sanchez, Stephanie Langella, Rafael Posada-Duque, Jessica L. Littau, Nelson D. Villalba-Moreno, Clara Vila-Castelar, Liliana Ramirez Gomez, Gloria Garcia, Elizabeth Kaplan, Sofia Rassi Vargas, J. Alejandro Ossa, Pablo Valderrama-Carmona, Paula Perez-Corredor, Susanne Krasemann, Markus Glatzel, Kenneth S. Kosik, Keith Johnson, Reisa A. Sperling, Eric M. Reiman, Diego Sepulveda-Falla, Francisco Lopera, Joseph F. Arboleda-Velasquez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Variants in
Homozygosity for R47H in <i>TREM2</i> and the Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hreinn Stefansson, G Bragi Walters, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Vinicius Tragante, Gudmundur Einarsson, Hannes Helgason, Asgeir Sigurðsson, Doruk Beyter, Audunn S Snaebjarnarson, Erna V Ivarsdottir, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Bjarni V Halldorsson, Gudmundur Norddahl, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, Arni Sturluson, Hilma Holm, Agnar Helgason, Kristjan Moore, Hannes P Eggertsson, Asmundur H Oddsson, Gudrun A Jonsdottir, Arni F Gunnarsson, Gyda Bjornsdottir, Rosa S Gisladottir, Thorgeir E Thorgeirsson, Astros Skuladottir, Daniel F Gudbjartsson, Patrick Sulem, Palmi Jonsson, Steinunn Thordardottir, Jon Snaedal, Helga Eyjolfsdottir, Byron Creese, Clive Ballard, Anne Corbett, Miguel Vasconcelos Da Silva, Dag Aarsland, Ole A Andreassen, Geir Selbæk, Srdjan Djurovic, Eystein Stordal, Thormod Fladby, Jan Haavik, Jannicke Igland, Lasse M Giil, Sture Eriksson, Göran Hallmans, Hugo Lövheim, Karin Lopatko Lindman, Miles Trupp, Lars Forsgren, Thomas Werge, Karina Banasik, Søren Brunak, Henrik Ullum, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Sisse R Ostrowski, Maria Didriksen, Erik Sørensen, Anja H Simonsen, Jørgen E Nielsen, Gunhild Waldemar, Ole B Pedersen, Christian Erikstrup, Kirk U Knowlton, Lincoln D Nadauld, Kari Stefansson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A meta-analysis of tests of association between variants in TREM2 and Alzheimer's disease showed high risk among R47H homozygotes.
Diet shapes the metabolite profile in the intact human ileum, which affects PYY release
Authors: Aygul Dagbasi, Claire Byrne, Dominic Blunt, Jose Ivan Serrano-Contreras, Georgia Franco Becker, Jesus Miguens Blanco, Stephane Camuzeaux, Edward Chambers, Nathan Danckert, Cathrina Edwards, Andres Bernal, Maria Valdivia Garcia, Aylin Hanyaloglu, Elaine Holmes, Yue Ma, Julian Marchesi, Laura Martinez-Gili, Lilian Mendoza, Martina Tashkova, Natalia Perez-Moral, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Andres Castillo Robles, Caroline Sands, Julien Wist, Kevin G. Murphy, Gary Frost
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

The human ileum contains a high density of enteroendocrine L-cells, which release the appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in response to food intake. Recent evidence highlighted the potential role of food structures in PYY release, but the link between food structures, ileal metabolites, and appetite hormone release remains unclear owing to limited access to intact human ileum. In a randomized crossover trial (ISRCTN11327221; isrctn.com ), we investigated the role of human ileum in GLP-1 and PYY release by giving healthy volunteers diets differing in fiber and food structure: high-fiber (intact or disrupted food structures) or low-fiber disrupted food structures. We used nasoenteric tubes to sample chyme from the intact distal ileum lumina of humans in the fasted state and every 60 min for 480 min postprandially. We demonstrate the highly dynamic, wide-ranging molecular environment of the ileum over time, with a substantial decrease in ileum bacterial numbers and bacterial metabolites after food intake. We also show that high-fiber diets, independent of food structure, increased PYY release compared with a low-fiber diet during 0 to 240 min postprandially. High-fiber diets also increased ileal stachyose, and a disrupted high-fiber diet increased certain ileal amino acids. Treatment of human ileal organoids with ileal fluids or an amino acid and stachyose mixture stimulated PYY expression in a similar profile to blood PYY concentrations, confirming the role of ileal metabolites in PYY release. Our study demonstrates the diet-induced changes over time in the metabolite environment of intact human ileum, which play a role in PYY release.
Inhibiting AGTR1 reduces AML burden and protects the heart from cardiotoxicity in mouse models
Authors: Yi Pan, Chen Wang, WenXuan Zhou, Yao Shi, XiaDuo Meng, Yasir Muhammad, Richard D. Hammer, Bei Jia, Hong Zheng, De-Pei Li, Zhenguo Liu, Gerhard Hildebrandt, XunLei Kang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Clinical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) largely relies on intensive chemotherapy. However, the application of chemotherapy is often hindered by cardiotoxicity. Patient sequence data revealed that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (
A bioadhesive pacing lead for atraumatic cardiac monitoring and stimulation in rodent and porcine models
Authors: Jue Deng, Jingjing Wu, Xiaoyu Chen, Tiffany L. Sarrafian, Claudia E. Varela, William Whyte, Chuan Fei Guo, Ellen T. Roche, Leigh G. Griffiths, Hyunwoo Yuk, Christoph S. Nabzdyk, Xuanhe Zhao
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Current clinically used electronic implants, including cardiac pacing leads for epicardial monitoring and stimulation of the heart, rely on surgical suturing or direct insertion of electrodes to the heart tissue. These approaches can cause tissue trauma during the implantation and retrieval of the pacing leads, with the potential for bleeding, tissue damage, and device failure. Here, we report a bioadhesive pacing lead that can directly interface with cardiac tissue through physical and covalent interactions to support minimally invasive adhesive implantation and gentle on-demand removal of the device with a detachment solution. We developed 3D-printable bioadhesive materials for customized fabrication of the device by graft-polymerizing polyacrylic acid on hydrophilic polyurethane and mixing with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) to obtain electrical conductivity. The bioadhesive construct exhibited mechanical properties similar to cardiac tissue and strong tissue adhesion, supporting stable electrical interfacing. Infusion of a detachment solution to cleave physical and covalent cross-links between the adhesive interface and the tissue allowed retrieval of the bioadhesive pacing leads in rat and porcine models without apparent tissue damage. Continuous and reliable cardiac monitoring and pacing of rodent and porcine hearts were demonstrated for 2 weeks with consistent capture threshold and sensing amplitude, in contrast to a commercially available alternative. Pacing and continuous telemetric monitoring were achieved in a porcine model. These findings may offer a promising platform for adhesive bioelectronic devices for cardiac monitoring and treatment.
Topical JAK inhibition ameliorates EGFR inhibitor–induced rash in rodents and humans
Authors: Qing You, Leying Chen, Shuaihu Li, Min Liu, Meng Tian, Yuan Cheng, Liangyong Xia, Wenxi Li, Yang Yao, Yinan Li, Ying Zhou, Yurui Ma, Dazhao Lv, Longfei Zhao, Hejie Wang, Zhaoyu Wu, Jiajun Hu, Juegang Ju, Chuanlong Jia, Nan Xu, Jie Luo, Shiyi Zhang
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRis) are used to treat many cancers, but their use is complicated by the development of a skin rash that may be severe, limiting their use and adversely affecting patient quality of life. Most studies of EGFRi-induced rash have focused on the fully developed stage of this skin disorder, and early pathological changes remain unclear. We analyzed high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of skin samples from rats exposed to the EGFRi afatinib and identified that keratinocyte activation is an early pathological alteration in EGFRi-induced rash. Mechanistically, the induction of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) occurred before skin barrier disruption and led to keratinocyte activation, resulting in expression of specific cytokines, chemokines, and surface molecules such as interleukin 6 (Il6) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) to recruit and activate monocytes through activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)–signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway, further recruiting more immune cells. Topical JAK inhibition suppressed the recruitment of immune cells and ameliorated the severity of skin rash in afatinib-treated rats and mice with epidermal deletion of EGFR, while having no effect on EGFRi efficacy in tumor-bearing mice. In a pilot clinical trial (NCT05120362), 11 patients with EGFRi-induced rash were treated with delgocitinib ointment, resulting in improvement in rash severity by at least one grade in 10 of them according to the MASCC EGFR inhibitor skin toxicity tool (MESTT) criteria. These findings provide a better understanding of the early pathophysiology of EGFRi-induced rash and suggest a strategy to manage this condition.
A subpopulation of tissue remodeling monocytes stimulates revascularization of the ischemic limb
Authors: Ashish S. Patel, Francesca E. Ludwinski, Alexander Kerr, Simon Farkas, Puja Kapoor, Laura Bertolaccini, Ramon Fernandes, Paul R. Jones, Donal McLornan, Lefteris Livieratos, Prakash Saha, Alberto Smith, Bijan Modarai
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Despite decades of effort aimed at developing clinically effective cell therapies, including mixed population mononuclear cells, to revascularize the ischemic limb, there remains a paucity of patient-based studies that inform the function and fate of candidate cell types. In this study, we showed that circulating proangiogenic/arteriogenic monocytes (PAMs) expressing the FcγIIIA receptor CD16 were elevated in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), and these amounts decreased after revascularization. Unlike CD16-negative monocytes, PAMs showed large vessel remodeling properties in vitro when cultured with endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells and promoted salvage of the ischemic limb in vivo in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. PAMs showed a propensity to migrate toward and bind to ischemic muscle and to secrete angiogenic/arteriogenic factors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. We instigated a first-in-human single-arm cohort study in which autologous PAMs were injected into the ischemic limbs of five patients with CLTI. Greater than 25% of injected cells were retained in the leg for at least 72 hours, of which greater than 80% were viable, with evidence of enhanced large vessel remodeling in the injected muscle area. In summary, we identified up-regulation of a circulatory PAM subpopulation as an endogenous response to limb ischemia in CLTI and tested a potentially clinically relevant therapeutic strategy.
Transforaminal versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion for symptomatic single-level spondylolisthesis (LIFT): a multicentre controlled, patient blinded, randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Inge J M H Caelers, Ruud Droeghaag, Suzanne L de Kunder, Jasper Most, Kim Rijkers, Ronald H M A Bartels, Jos M A Kuijlen, Mark H H M Hulsbosch, Wouter L W van Hemert, Rob A de Bie, Henk van Santbrink
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

The effectiveness of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) compared to posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in patients with single-level spondylolisthesis has not been substantiated. To address the evidence gap, a well-powered randomized controlled non-inferiority trial comparing the effectiveness of TLIF with PLIF, entitled the Lumbar Interbody Fusion Trial (LIFT), was conducted.
Cancer misinformation on social media
Authors: Stacy Loeb, Aisha T. Langford, Marie A. Bragg, Robert Sherman, June M. Chan
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2024)

Social media is widely used globally by patients, families of patients, health professionals, scientists, and other stakeholders who seek and share information related to cancer. Despite many benefits of social media for cancer care and research, there is also a substantial risk of exposure to misinformation, or inaccurate information about cancer. Types of misinformation vary from inaccurate information about cancer risk factors or unproven treatment options to conspiracy theories and public relations articles or advertisements appearing as reliable medical content. Many characteristics of social media networks-such as their extensive use and the relative ease it allows to share information quickly-facilitate the spread of misinformation. Research shows that inaccurate and misleading health-related posts on social media often get more views and engagement (e.g., likes, shares) from users compared with accurate information. Exposure to misinformation can have downstream implications for health-related attitudes and behaviors. However, combatting misinformation is a complex process that requires engagement from media platforms, scientific and health experts, governmental organizations, and the general public. Cancer experts, for example, should actively combat misinformation in real time and should disseminate evidence-based content on social media. Health professionals should give information prescriptions to patients and families and support health literacy. Patients and families should vet the quality of cancer information before acting upon it (e.g., by using publicly available checklists) and seek recommended resources from health care providers and trusted organizations. Future multidisciplinary research is needed to identify optimal ways of building resilience and combating misinformation across social media.
The lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 axis regulates hepatic glutaminase 1 expression promoting liver ammonia build-up as steatotic liver disease progresses to steatohepatitis
Authors: Maria Mercado-Gómez, Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga, Annarein J C Kerbert, Leire Uraga Gracianteparaluceta, Marina Serrano-Maciá, Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega, Rubén Rodriguez-Agudo, Clàudia Gil-Pitarch, Jorge Simón, Irene González-Recio, Marcos F Fondevila, Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda, Mario F Fraga, Rubén Nogueiras, Javier de Las Heras, Rajiv Jalan, María Luz Martínez-Chantar, Teresa C Delgado
Journal: Metabolism (2024)