tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Novel Biodistribution of PSMA Radiotracer in the Uvula of Patients Undergoing PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Phaethon Philbrook, Kelsey R. Casano, Daniel J. Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT is an imaging technique that detects primary and metastatic prostate cancer and evaluates treatment effectiveness. The radioligands for PSMA PET/CT are known to have physiological off-target uptake in various tissues. These include the well-known off-target major and minor salivary glands. We report that, in addition to this location, radioligand uptake can be seen in the uvula, which we suggest is from salivary tissue in this location. PSMA uptake in the uvula is not reported in the literature and is a rare, but normal location for tracer biodistribution in some patients.
Unusual Perineal Metastasis in a Case of Prostate Cancer on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Ritanshu Solanki, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Rajender Kumar, Aravindh Sekar, Narender Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the fifth leading cause of death in the male population worldwide. 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT has proved to be an excellent modality with greater accuracy for nodal and bone/visceral metastases staging than bone scintigraphy and CT scan, with high sensitivity and specificity. Common sites of metastasis include bone (84%), lymph nodes (10.6%), liver (10.2%), lung, and pleura (9.1%); however, metastasis to the skin is quite rare (≤0.36%). The present case demonstrates PSMA-avid perineal metastasis in a patient of prostate cancer postchemoradiotherapy on 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan.
Promising Therapeutic Activity of 177Lu-PSMA-617 in Synchronous High-Volume Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Swayamjeet Satapathy, Madhav Prasad Yadav, Sanjana Ballal, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo, Chandrasekhar Bal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose 177 Lu-PSMA-617 has been shown to improve survival outcomes in patients with end-stage metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, data in earlier lines remain limited. In this study, we intended to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with synchronous high-volume metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Patients and Methods Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients with synchronous high-volume metastases (defined as ≥4 skeletal metastases with ≥1 extra-axial site or any visceral metastasis) showing high PSMA expression on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and ineligible/unwilling for conventional chemohormonal treatment options were selected. Approximately, ~5.55–7.4 GBq of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 was administered intravenously at 8–12 weeks intervals, up to 6 cycles. All patients underwent concomitant androgen deprivation therapy/orchiectomy. The outcome measures included the proportion of patients achieving an undetectable serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (ie, ≤0.2 ng/mL) at any time point after therapy, best PSA response rate, objective radiographic response rate, radiographic progression-free survival, overall survival, and adverse events. Results Ten patients with high-volume mHSPC received a median cumulative activity of 32.4 GBq (range, 7.4–44.4) of 177 Lu-PSMA-617 over 1–6 cycles. Five patients (50%) achieved an undetectable PSA with 9 patients (90%) showing a ≥50% decline in PSA from baseline. Nine patients underwent radiological follow-up, of which 7 (77.8%) had an objective response. The median radiographic progression-free survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval, 18–30), whereas the median overall survival was not reached. None of the patients had any grade 3/4 adverse event. Conclusions 177 Lu-PSMA-617 seems to be a promising efficacious and safe treatment option for patients with synchronous high-volume mHSPC.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Renal Allograft Tuberculosis Mimicking as Posttransplant Malignancy
Authors: Amal Moideen, Harmandeep Singh, Rajender Kumar, Sachin Motiram Naik, Anna Gupta, Aravind Sekar, Ritambhra Nada
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract The most common complications after the renal transplant are infections and malignancies, including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Tubercular infection in renal allograft recipients is a relatively rare entity. However, nonspecific constitutional symptoms often delay diagnosis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. We present the 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings in a patient with renal allograft tuberculosis who had clinical and imaging suspicion of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder or renal cell carcinoma. Histopathology from the renal lesion revealed tuberculosis.
68Ga-PSMA-11 Uptake in a Large Fibroadenoma in a Male Axillary Accessory Breast
Authors: Ritanshu Solanki, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Rajender Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, Aravindh Sekar, Divya Dahiya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Prostate-specific membrane antigen PET imaging has revolutionized the role of prostate cancer diagnosis and management, with very high sensitivity and specificity. To prevent misdiagnosis and for accurate therapy planning, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) uptake in nonprostatic diseases needs to be recognized correctly. Besides the physiological PSMA expression, 68 Ga-PSMA-11 uptake has been mentioned in multiple oncological and nononcological lesions. The present case report exhibits 68 Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in fibroadenoma in a male accessory breast in the right axillary region.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis Syndrome
Authors: Micheline Khodeir, Antonio Poerio, Matteo Colina
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Hospital Pharmacy, Ospedale "Santa Maria della Scaletta," Imola, Bologna, Italy Radiology Unit, Ospedale "Santa Maria della Scaletta," Imola, Bologna, Italy Rheumatology Service, Section of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Oncology, Ospedale "Santa Maria della Scaletta," Imola, Bologna, Italy Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy [email protected] Contributorship: M.K., A.P., and M.C. contributed to the conception and design, drafting, and revising of the article. Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared.
Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Prostate With Multiple Heterogenic Metastases Demonstrated on 68Ga-PSMA and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Jinhui Yang, Ling Xiao, Xiaomei Gao, Yongxiang Tang, Shuo Hu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 54-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of urination disturbances. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was 4.96 ng/mL, and a possibility of benign prostate hyperplasia was raised by outside medical CT. Histopathology revealed adenosquamous carcinoma. Staging workup showed large areas of high PSMA uptake and focal intense hypermetabolism in the prostate, multiple lymphatics, bone, and pulmonary heterogenic metastases on 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia With the Dominantly Affected Caudate Nucleus in 18F-FP-CIT PET/CT
Authors: Yeongjoo Lee, Seonjeong Byun, Sae Jung Na
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Frontotemporal dementia is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by a progressive deterioration in behavior, personality, and/or language, with relative preservation of memory, and its phenotype and molecular basis are heterogeneous. We present a case of a 62-year-old female patient who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 18 F-FP-CIT PET/CT for differential diagnosis of psychiatric disease and types of dementia. 18 F-FDG PET/CT image showed a compatible finding for frontotemporal dementia, and 18 F-FP-CIT PET/CT image showed dominantly decreased dopamine transporter activity in the bilateral caudate nucleus.
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging of Prostatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Yan Deng, Yujiao Deng, Limeng He, Wei Zhang, Xiaoping Lei
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the prostate is a rare malignant vasogenic tumor. We report a case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the prostate in a 65-year-old man with lymph nodes and lung metastases on 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging. The patient presented with symptoms of frequent and urgent urination. On 18 F-FDG PET/CT, intense FDG uptake was observed in the prostate mass along with multiple FDG-avid lesions involving the lung and lymph nodes. Histopathological examination confirmed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma in both the prostate mass and lung nodule.
Incidental Detection of Urinary Leakage on FDG PET/CT Imaging
Authors: Naifeng Hou, Chengzhong Fan, Guohua Shen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 57-year-old woman previously diagnosed as cervical cancer underwent an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan for restaging. A pelvic encapsulated effusion with intense FDG accumulation was incidentally revealed. The tracer activity was similar to that of urine, indicating presence of urinary leakage. Subsequent CT urography confirmed the complete avulsion of the right distal ureter.
MicroRNA-195 liposomes for therapy of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dan Su, Zhong Chen, Xiaobin An, Junkai Yang, Jinan Yang, Xuqiao Wang, Yang Qu, Chen Gong, Yani Chai, Xiaoying Liu, Wei Cheng, Dongyang Wang, Yan Wu, Jing Ma, Xinyue Zhao, Qin Wang, Yun Xu, Haisheng Peng, Jing Ai
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2023)
TLR9-independent CD8+ T cell responses in hepatic AAV gene transfer through IL-1R1-MyD88 signaling
Authors: Sandeep R P Kumar, Moanaro Biswas, Di Cao, Sreevani Arisa, Maite Muñoz-Melero, Anh K Lam, Annie R Piñeros, Reuben Kapur, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Randal J Kaufman, Weidong Xiao, Dmitry M Shayakhmetov, Cox Terhorst, Ype P de Jong, Roland W Herzog
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

Upon viral infection of the liver, CD8
Soluble CTLA-4 attenuates T cell activation and modulates anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Paul T. Kennedy, Emma L. Saulters, Andrew D. Duckworth, Yeong Jer Lim, John F. Woolley, Joseph R. Slupsky, Mark S. Cragg, Frank J. Ward, Lekh N. Dahal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2023)

CTLA-4 is a crucial immune checkpoint receptor involved in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, tolerance, and tumor control. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4 have been promising treatments for numerous cancers, but the mechanistic basis of their anti-tumoral immune-boosting effects is poorly understood. Although the ctla4 gene also encodes an alternatively spliced soluble variant (sCTLA-4), preclinical/clinical evaluation of anti-CTLA-4-based immunotherapies have not considered the contribution of this isoform. Here, we explore the functional properties of sCTLA-4 and evaluate the efficacy of isoform-specific anti-sCTLA-4 antibody targeting in a murine cancer model. We show that expression of sCTLA-4 by tumor cells suppresses CD8
A systematic literature review of fMRI and EEG resting-state functional connectivity in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Underlying mechanisms, clinical manifestation, and methodological considerations
Authors: Ludmila Kucikova, Hoda Kalabizadeh, Kimberly Gamuchirai Motsi, Sidrah Rashid, John T. O’Brien, John-Paul Taylor, Li Su
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)
Curb antidepressant prescribing to improve mental health, say campaigners
Authors: Elisabeth Mahase
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Curb antidepressant prescribing to improve mental health, say campaigners Elisabeth MahaseA group of 31 medical professionals, researchers, patients' representatives, and politicians has called on the UK government to reverse the increase in antidepressant prescribing seen in the past decade.
Author Correction: Coronary microvascular obstruction and dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Mattia Galli, Giampaolo Niccoli, Gianluigi De Maria, Salvatore Brugaletta, Rocco A. Montone, Rocco Vergallo, Stefano Benenati, Giulia Magnani, Domenico D’Amario, Italo Porto, Francesco Burzotta, Antonio Abbate, Dominick J. Angiolillo, Filippo Crea
Journal: Nature Reviews Cardiology (2023)
Primary HPV Screening vs Cotesting for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Annika Brakebill, Anna Morgan, Richard W. Lieberman
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meiosis in an asymmetric dikaryotic genome of Tremella fuciformis Tr01 facilitates new chromosome formation
Authors: Youjin Deng, Lin Guo, Longji Lin, Yuefeng Li, Jinxiang Zhang, Yue Zhang, Bin Yuan, Lina Ke, Baogui Xie, Ray Ming
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background The dikaryotic stage dominates most of the life cycle in basidiomycetes, and each cell carries two different haploid nuclei. Accurate phasing of these two nuclear genomes and their interactions have long been of interest. Results We combine PacBio HiFi reads, Nanopore ultra-long reads, and Hi-C data to generate a complete, high-quality asymmetric dikaryotic genome of Tremella fuciformis Tr01, including Haplotypes A and B genomes. We assemble a meiotic haploid DBZ04 genome and detect three recombination events in these two haplotypes. We identify several chromosomal rearrangements that lead to differences in chromosome number, length, content, and sequence arrangement between these two haplotypes. Each nucleus contains a two-speed genome, harboring three accessory chromosomes and two accessory compartments that affect horizontal chromatin transfer between nuclei. We find few basidiospores are ejected from fruiting bodies of Tr01. Most monospore isolates sequenced belong to Tr01-Haplotype A genome architecture. More than one-third of monospore isolates carry one or two extra chromosomes including Chr12B and two new chromosomes ChrN1 and ChrN2. We hypothesize that homologous regions of seven sister chromatids pair into a large complex during meiosis, followed by inter-chromosomal recombination at physical contact sites and formation of new chromosomes. Conclusion We assemble two haplotype genomes of T. fuciformis Tr01 and provide the first overview of basidiomycetous genomes with discrete genomic architecture. Meiotic activities of asymmetric dikaryotic genomes result in formation of new chromosomes, aneuploidy of some daughter cells, and inviability of most other daughter cells. We propose a new approach for breeding of sporeless mushroom.
Neonatal Survival After Serial Amnioinfusions for Bilateral Renal Agenesis
Authors: Jena L. Miller, Ahmet A. Baschat, Mara Rosner, Yair J. Blumenfeld, Julie S. Moldenhauer, Anthony Johnson, Mauro H. Schenone, Michael V. Zaretsky, Ramen H. Chmait, Juan M. Gonzalez, Russell S. Miller, Anita J. Moon-Grady, Ellen Bendel-Stenzel, Amaris M. Keiser, Radhika Avadhani, Angie C. Jelin, Jonathan M. Davis, Daniel S. Warren, Daniel F. Hanley, Joslynn A. Watkins, Joshua Samuels, Jeremy Sugarman, Meredith A. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Importance Early anhydramnios during pregnancy, resulting from fetal bilateral renal agenesis, causes lethal pulmonary hypoplasia in neonates. Restoring amniotic fluid via serial amnioinfusions may promote lung development, enabling survival. Objective To assess neonatal outcomes of serial amnioinfusions initiated before 26 weeks’ gestation to mitigate lethal pulmonary hypoplasia. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial conducted at 9 US fetal therapy centers between December 2018 and July 2022. Outcomes are reported for 21 maternal-fetal pairs with confirmed anhydramnios due to isolated fetal bilateral renal agenesis without other identified congenital anomalies. Exposure Enrolled participants initiated ultrasound-guided percutaneous amnioinfusions of isotonic fluid before 26 weeks’ gestation, with frequency of infusions individualized to maintain normal amniotic fluid levels for gestational age. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was postnatal infant survival to 14 days of life or longer with dialysis access placement. Results The trial was stopped early based on an interim analysis of 18 maternal-fetal pairs given concern about neonatal morbidity and mortality beyond the primary end point despite demonstration of the efficacy of the intervention. There were 17 live births (94%), with a median gestational age at delivery of 32 weeks, 4 days (IQR, 32-34 weeks). All participants delivered prior to 37 weeks’ gestation. The primary outcome was achieved in 14 (82%) of 17 live-born infants (95% CI, 44%-99%). Factors associated with survival to the primary outcome included a higher number of amnioinfusions ( P = .01), gestational age greater than 32 weeks ( P = .005), and higher birth weight ( P = .03). Only 6 (35%) of the 17 neonates born alive survived to hospital discharge while receiving peritoneal dialysis at a median age of 24 weeks of life (range, 12-32 weeks). Conclusions and Relevance Serial amnioinfusions mitigated lethal pulmonary hypoplasia but were associated with preterm delivery. The lower rate of survival to discharge highlights the additional mortality burden independent of lung function. Additional long-term data are needed to fully characterize the outcomes in surviving neonates and assess the morbidity and mortality burden. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03101891
Unveiling P. vivax invasion pathways in Duffy-negative individuals
Authors: Isabelle Bouyssou, Sara El Hoss, Cécile Doderer-Lang, Matthieu Schoenhals, Lova Tsikiniaina Rasoloharimanana, Inès Vigan-Womas, Arsène Ratsimbasoa, Andargie Abate, Lemu Golassa, Solenne Mabilotte, Pascal Kessler, Micheline Guillotte-Blisnick, Francisco J. Martinez, Chetan E. Chitnis, John Strouboulis, Didier Ménard
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2023)

Vivax malaria has long been thought to be absent from sub-Saharan Africa owing to the high proportion of individuals lacking the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) in their erythrocytes. The interaction between P. vivax Duffy-binding protein (PvDBP) and DARC is assumed to be the main pathway used by merozoites to invade reticulocytes. However, the increasing number of reports of vivax malaria cases in genotypically Duffy-negative (DN) individuals has raised questions regarding the P. vivax invasion pathway(s). Here, we show that a subset of DN erythroblasts transiently express DARC during terminal erythroid differentiation and that P. vivax merozoites, irrespective of their origin, can invade DARC+ DN erythroblasts. These findings reveal that a large number of DN individuals may represent a silent reservoir of deep P. vivax infections at the sites of active erythropoiesis with low or no parasitemia, and it may represent an underestimated biological problem with potential clinical consequences in sub-Saharan Africa.
Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization
Authors: Jeremiah Bernier-Latmani, Alejandra González-Loyola, Tatiana V. Petrova
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2023)

The intestinal vasculature has been studied for the last 100 years, and its essential role in absorbing and distributing ingested nutrients is well known. Recently, fascinating new insights into the organization, molecular mechanisms, and functions of intestinal vessels have emerged. These include maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell function, coping with microbiota-induced inflammatory pressure, recruiting gut-specific immune cells, and crosstalk with other organs. Intestinal function is also regulated at the systemic and cellular levels, such that the postprandial hyperemic response can direct up to 30% of systemic blood to gut vessels, while micron-sized endothelial cell fenestrations are necessary for nutrient uptake. In this review, we will highlight past discoveries made about intestinal vasculature in the context of new findings of molecular mechanisms underpinning gut function. Such comprehensive understanding of the system will pave the way to breakthroughs in nutrient uptake optimization, drug delivery efficiency, and treatment of human diseases.
Multipolar adaptive traction allows diagnostic endoscopic submucosal dissection for colonic lesions with focal invasive area
Authors: Pierre Lafeuille, Louis Jean Masgnaux, Timothée Wallenhorst, Jérémie Jacques, Alexandru Lupu, Jérôme Rivory, Mathieu Pioche
Journal: Endoscopy (2023)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become the gold standard for superficial colorectal neoplasia resection. As recently reported, diagnostic ESD is also feasible and safe for colorectal lesions with a focal deep invasive pattern of less than 15 mm [1]. But the R0 resection rate for these T1 cancers could be improved on the vertical margin. Although endoscopic intermuscular dissection has recently been described as a method of achieving free vertical margins by dissecting more deeply in the rectum [2], this approach is not feasible in the colon where the two muscular layers are thin. To facilitate exposure of the submucosal space, which is often very thin when it remains, an adaptive traction device that is capable of being tightened to increase traction during the late stages of the procedure (A-TRACT-2; Hospices Civils de Lyon, France) could be useful [3] [4].
Reconstruction of private genomes through reference-based genotype imputation
Authors: Matthew J. Mosca, Hyunghoon Cho
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background Genotype imputation is an essential step in genetic studies to improve data quality and statistical power. Public imputation servers are widely used by researchers to impute their data using otherwise access-controlled reference panels of high-fidelity genomes held by these servers. Results We report evidence against the prevailing assumption that providing access to panels only indirectly via imputation servers poses a negligible privacy risk to individuals in the panels. To this end, we present algorithmic strategies for adaptively constructing artificial input samples and interpreting their imputation results that lead to the accurate reconstruction of reference panel haplotypes. We illustrate this possibility on three reference panels of real genomes for a range of imputation tools and output settings. Moreover, we demonstrate that reconstructed haplotypes from the same individual could be linked via their genetic relatives using our Bayesian linking algorithm, which allows a substantial portion of the individual’s diploid genome to be reassembled. We also provide population genetic estimates of the proportion of a panel that could be linked when an adversary holds a varying number of genomes from the same population. Conclusions Our results show that genomes in imputation server reference panels can be vulnerable to reconstruction, implying that additional safeguards may need to be considered. We suggest possible mitigation measures based on our findings. Our work illustrates the value of adversarial algorithms in uncovering new privacy risks to help inform the genomics community towards secure data sharing practices.