tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, nifedipine, minoxidil, and lidocaine for the medical management of anal fissure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cong Wang, Jing Ni, Yi Xiong, Jinlan Chen, Binting Li, Li Xu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Purpose: Anal fissure (AF) is a common anorectal condition causing pain, bleeding, and other perianal discomfort. This study conducts a network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and side effect profiles of pharmacological treatments for AF, including diltiazem, glyceryl trinitrate, nifedipine, minoxidil, and Lidocaine. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and network meta-analysis were performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing non-surgical treatments for AF were sourced from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Medline. The primary outcome was AF healing, with secondary outcomes including recurrence rates, pain reduction (visual analog scale), and adverse effects. Statistical analysis utilized odds ratios and SUCRA (Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking) values for treatment ranking. Results: Twenty-two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving a total of 1,770 participants were included in the analysis. Nifedipine demonstrated the highest healing rate, followed by diltiazem and minoxidil. Lidocaine exhibited the lowest healing rate. Diltiazem had the lowest recurrence rate and was the most effective in pain reduction, whereas lidocaine had the highest recurrence rate and was the least effective in alleviating pain. The incidence of adverse effects with minoxidil was relatively low, second only to lidocaine, while glyceryl trinitrate had the highest rate of adverse effects. Conclusion: Nifedipine had the highest healing rate and should be considered as a first-line non-surgical treatment for anal fissures. Given the elevated incidence of adverse reactions associated with nitroglycerin, its use should be avoided in order to minimize the risk of significant toxicities and side effects. Additionally, because of its outstanding analgesic properties, diltiazem is recommended as the preferred option for patients with heightened sensitivity to pain, but more studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy.
Challenges and considerations of DNA methylation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for early screening of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rong Fu, Huijie Li, Xiurong Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

aShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine First Clinical Medical College, Jinan, China bShandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China *Corresponding author. Address: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China. Tel.: +86 1900541a7980. E-mail: [email protected] (X. Li). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prediction of tricuspid regurgitation regression after mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair using three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Makoto Takeuchi, Hiroto Utsunomiya, Kiyotaka Tohgi, Ayano Hamada, Yohei Hyodo, Akane Tsuchiya, Atsuo Mogami, Hajime Takemoto, Kanako Izumi, Kosuke Takahari, Yusuke Ueda, Kiho Itakura, Hiroki Ikenaga, Yukiko Nakano
Journal:  (2025)

Abstract Aims We aimed to identify three-dimensional echocardiographic predictors of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) regression in patients with functional TR of moderate or greater severity undergoing mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair to optimize patient selection and improve clinical outcomes. Methods and Results This retrospective study analyzed 61 patients (mean age 81.3±7.6 years; 55.7% males) who underwent mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was performed pre- and 1-month post-procedurally, while three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography was performed pre-procedurally. We collected data on clinical variables, medications, and detailed echocardiographic measurements to evaluate procedural outcomes. TR severity was semi-quantitatively assessed and categorized. At the 1-month follow-up, TR severity had regressed in 43% of patients. A lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation, smaller left atrial volume index, and smaller right atrial area were significantly associated with TR regression. Multivariate analysis revealed the tricuspid valve annulus perimeter, area, and area change as significant predictors of post-procedure TR regression; tricuspid valve annulus perimeter was the strongest predictor among the three indicators (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.84 [95% confidence interval: 0.75–0.94], p&amp;lt;0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that tricuspid valve annulus perimeter cut-off of ≤13.75 cm was the best predictor of post-procedure TR regression. Additionally, tricuspid valve annulus area ≤13.55 cm² and annulus area change ≥17.5% were predictors of post-procedure TR regression. Conclusion In patients with relatively severe mitral regurgitation with a non-dilated tricuspid annulus and significant change in tricuspid valve annulus area, mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair may lead to TR regression.
Off-label use of tralokinumab in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid- a case series
Authors: Roberto Maglie, Dario Didona, Farzan Solimani, Carlo Pipitò, Maria E Baffa, Michael Hertl, Emiliano Antiga
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

This study reports the efficacy of tralokinumab in 5 patients with bullous pemphigoid
Charting the future of esophageal cancer translation: insights from clinical trial landscape
Authors: Hujian Hong, Yijiang He, Yan Li, Yongyan Shen, Yanli Qu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Hong, Hujian MM; He, Yijiang MD; Li, Yan MM; Shen, Yongyan MM; Qu, Yanli MD Author Information
Bots in white coats: are large language models the future of patient education? a multi-center cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ughur Aghamaliyev, Javad Karimbayli, Athanasios Zamparas, Florian Bösch, Michael Thomas, Thomas Schmidt, Christian Krautz, Christoph Kahlert, Sebastian Schölch, Martin K. Angele, Hanno Niess, Markus O. Guba, Jens Werner, Matthias Ilmer, Bernhard W. Renz
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Objectives: Every year, around 300 million surgeries are conducted worldwide, with an estimated 4.2 million deaths occurring within 30 days after surgery. Adequate patient education is crucial, but often falls short due to the stress patients experience before surgery. Large language models (LLMs) can significantly enhance this process by delivering thorough information and addressing patient concerns that might otherwise go unnoticed. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated ChatGPT-4o’s audio-based responses to frequently asked questions (FAQs) regarding six general surgical procedures. Three experienced surgeons and two senior residents formulated seven general and three procedure-specific FAQs for both preoperative and postoperative situations, covering six surgical scenarios (major: pancreatic head resection, rectal resection, total gastrectomy; minor: cholecystectomy, Lichtenstein procedure, hemithyroidectomy). In total, 120 audio responses were generated, transcribed, and assessed by 11 surgeons from six different German university hospitals. Results: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated strong performance, achieving an average score of 4.12/5 for accuracy, 4.46/5 for relevance, and 0.22/5 for potential harm across 120 questions. Postoperative responses surpassed preoperative ones in both accuracy and relevance, while also exhibiting lower potential for harm. Additionally, responses related to minor surgeries were minimal, but significantly more accurate compared to those for major surgeries. Conclusion: This study underscores GPT-4o’s potential to enhance patient education both before and after surgery by delivering accurate and relevant responses to FAQs about various surgical procedures. Responses regarding the postoperative course proved to be more accurate and less harmful than those addressing preoperative ones. Although a few responses carried moderate risks, the overall performance was robust, indicating GPT-4o’s value in patient education. The study suggests the development of hospital-specific applications or the integration of GPT-4o into interactive robotic systems to provide patients with reliable, immediate answers, thereby improving patient satisfaction and informed decision-making.
A Novel Technique for rapid localization of pulmonary nodules on-site in Operating Room Followed by Lung Resection: a Case Series
Authors: Wei Huang, Chengcheng Zhang, Weibiao Zeng, Dong Lin, Jiang Fan, Liang Wu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: The localization of pulmonary nodules is crucial for surgical intervention. However, a safe, simple, and efficient method remains elusive. This study aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a newly developed preoperative localization method for pulmonary nodules called Rapid Localization of Pulmonary Nodules On-Site (RLPN-OS). Methods: This study is a single-center, single-arm prospective investigation that collects and analyses the clinical data of patients who underwent RLPN-OS and lung resection, primarily evaluating the safety and feasibility of this technique. Results: A total of 200 lung nodules from 190 patients who underwent RLPN-OS and partial lobectomy were included in this study. The success rate of localization was 98.0%, and minor intercostal bleeding was observed in 3 cases (1.5%). All targeted lesions were located and resected successfully. No patients reported experiencing anxiety or pain during or after the procedure. Conclusions: This novel RLPN-OS technology represents a safe, feasible, patient-friendly, and cost-effective method for lung nodule localization. It has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional CT-guided percutaneous localization techniques.
Cross-priming in cancer immunology and immunotherapy
Authors: Carlos Luri-Rey, Álvaro Teijeira, Stefanie K Wculek, Carlos de Andrea, Claudia Herrero, Alvaro Lopez-Janeiro, María E Rodríguez-Ruiz, Ignacio Heras, Maria Aggelakopoulou, Pedro Berraondo, David Sancho, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Nature reviews. Cancer (2025)
Spatially resolved transcriptomics and graph-based deep learning improve accuracy of routine CNS tumor diagnostics
Authors: Michael Ritter, Christina Blume, Yiheng Tang, Areeba Patel, Bhuvic Patel, Natalie Berghaus, Jasim Kada Benotmane, Jan Kueckelhaus, Yahaya Yabo, Junyi Zhang, Elena Grabis, Giulia Villa, David Niklas Zimmer, Amir Khriesh, Philipp Sievers, Zaira Seferbekova, Felix Hinz, Vidhya M. Ravi, Marcel Seiz-Rosenhagen, Miriam Ratliff, Christel Herold-Mende, Oliver Schnell, Juergen Beck, Wolfgang Wick, Andreas von Deimling, Moritz Gerstung, Dieter Henrik Heiland, Felix Sahm
Journal: Nature Cancer (2025)

Abstract The diagnostic landscape of brain tumors integrates comprehensive molecular markers alongside traditional histopathological evaluation. DNA methylation and next-generation sequencing (NGS) have become a cornerstone in central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. A limiting requirement for NGS and methylation profiling is sufficient DNA quality and quantity, which restrict its feasibility. Here we demonstrate NePSTA (neuropathology spatial transcriptomic analysis) for comprehensive morphological and molecular neuropathological diagnostics from single 5-µm tissue sections. NePSTA uses spatial transcriptomics with graph neural networks for automated histological and molecular evaluations. Trained and evaluated across 130 participants with CNS malignancies and healthy donors across four medical centers, NePSTA predicts tissue histology and methylation-based subclasses with high accuracy. We demonstrate the ability to reconstruct immunohistochemistry and genotype profiling on tissue with minimal requirements, inadequate for conventional molecular diagnostics, demonstrating the potential to enhance tumor subtype identification with implications for fast and precise diagnostic workup.
Elderly Patients With Aplastic Anemia: Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in the Real World
Authors: Bruno Fattizzo, Carmelo Gurnari, Sabrina Giammarco, Antony Ricchiuti, Hussein Awada, Marta Bortolotti, Nicole Galli, Giacinto Luca Pedone, Francesco Versino, Dario Consonni, Roochi Trikha, Shreyans Gandhi, Simona Sica, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Austin Kulasekararaj, Wilma Barcellini
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2025)

ABSTRACT We retrospectively analyzed a large international cohort of 1113 patients with aplastic anemia to evaluate treatment choice and outcome in elderly patients as compared with a younger population. Overall, 319 (29%) patients were &gt; 60 years old at diagnosis (60–64 years ( n = 85), 106 65–69 years ( n = 106), and 128 &gt; 70 years ( n = 128)). Elderly patients showed a more severe thrombocytopenia at onset and a significantly lower overall response (complete plus partial) to first‐line therapy at 6 months as compared to younger patients (47% vs. 65%, p &lt; 0.0001), irrespective of treatment modality (ATG or CyA combinations, eltrombopag, or androgens); 27 (8%) received transplant as second line therapy and 11 (41%) died, mainly due to transplant complications. The rate of evolution to MDS was greater in elderly patients (12% vs. 7% in younger AA, p = 0.002), whilst the rate of evolution to AML was similar (1.8 vs. 1.3%). By multivariable analysis, older age remained the main factor associated with mortality [HR 1.64 (95% CI 1.5–1.7), p &lt; 0.001], followed by disease severity by Camitta classification [HR 2.24 (95% CI 1.6–3.1) for severe AA; HR 3.8 (95% CI 2.4–6) for very severe AA], and male gender [1.45 (95% CI 1.1–1.8), p &lt; 0.001]. In this large study, elderly AA was associated with inferior outcome even in the TPO‐RA era, highlighting the need for further optimization of clinical management.
Integrating single-cell RNA and T cell/B cell receptor sequencing with mass cytometry reveals dynamic trajectories of human peripheral immune cells from birth to old age
Authors: Yufei Wang, Ronghong Li, Renyang Tong, Taiwei Chen, Mingze Sun, Lingjie Luo, Zheng Li, Yifan Chen, Yichao Zhao, Chensheng Zhang, Lin Wei, Wei Lin, Haoyan Chen, Kun Qian, Alex F. Chen, Junling Liu, Lei Chen, Bin Li, Feng Wang, Li Wang, Bing Su, Jun Pu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)

A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune landscape in humans across the entire lifespan at single-cell transcriptional and protein levels, during development, maturation and senescence is currently lacking. We recruited a total of 220 healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Pudong Cohort (NCT05206643), spanning 13 age groups from 0 to over 90 years, and profiled their peripheral immune cells through single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with single T cell and B cell receptor sequencing, high-throughput mass cytometry, bulk RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry validation experiments. We revealed that T cells were the most strongly affected by age and experienced the most intensive rewiring in cell-cell interactions during specific age. Different T cell subsets displayed different aging patterns in both transcriptomes and immune repertoires; examples included GNLY+CD8+ effector memory T cells, which exhibited the highest clonal expansion among all T cell subsets and displayed distinct functional signatures in children and the elderly; and CD8+ MAIT cells, which reached their peaks of relative abundance, clonal diversity and antibacterial capability in adolescents and then gradually tapered off. Interestingly, we identified and experimentally verified a previously unrecognized 'cytotoxic' B cell subset that was enriched in children. Finally, an immune age prediction model was developed based on lifecycle-wide single-cell data that can evaluate the immune status of healthy individuals and identify those with disturbed immune functions. Our work provides both valuable insights and resources for further understanding the aging of the immune system across the whole human lifespan.
Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Dorsa Toghani, Sanika Gupte, Sharon Zeng, Elmir Mahammadov, Edie I. Crosse, Negar Seyedhassantehrani, Christian Burns, David Gravano, Stefan Radtke, Hans-Peter Kiem, Sonia Rodriguez, Nadia Carlesso, Amogh Pradeep, Alexis Georgiades, Fabienne Lucas, Nicola K. Wilson, Sarah J. Kinston, Berthold Göttgens, Le Zong, Isabel Beerman, Bongsoo Park, Derek H. Janssens, Daniel Jones, Ali Toghani, Claus Nerlov, Eric M. Pietras, Marion Mesnieres, Christa Maes, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Thomas Worzfeld, Jin-Gyu Cheong, Steven Z. Josefowicz, Peter Kharchenko, David T. Scadden, Antonio Scialdone, Joel A. Spencer, Lev Silberstein
Journal: Nature Aging (2025)
Synchronized long-read genome, methylome, epigenome and transcriptome profiling resolve a Mendelian condition
Authors: Mitchell R. Vollger, Jonas Korlach, Kiara C. Eldred, Elliott Swanson, Jason G. Underwood, Stephanie C. Bohaczuk, Yizi Mao, Yong-Han H. Cheng, Jane Ranchalis, Elizabeth E. Blue, Ulrike Schwarze, Katherine M. Munson, Christopher T. Saunders, Aaron M. Wenger, Aimee Allworth, Sirisak Chanprasert, Brittney L. Duerden, Ian Glass, Martha Horike-Pyne, Michelle Kim, Kathleen A. Leppig, Ian J. McLaughlin, Jessica Ogawa, Elisabeth A. Rosenthal, Sam Sheppeard, Stephanie M. Sherman, Samuel Strohbehn, Amy L. Yuen, Andrew W. Stacey, Thomas A. Reh, Peter H. Byers, Michael J. Bamshad, Fuki M. Hisama, Gail P. Jarvik, Yasemin Sancak, Katrina M. Dipple, Andrew B. Stergachis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)
Signature cytokine-associated transcriptome analysis of effector γδ T cells identifies subset-specific regulators of peripheral activation
Authors: Daniel Inácio, Tiago Amado, Ana Pamplona, Daniel Sobral, Carolina Cunha, Rita F. Santos, Liliana Oliveira, Nelly Rouquié, Alexandre M. Carmo, Renaud Lesourne, Anita Q. Gomes, Bruno Silva-Santos
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)

γδ T cells producing either interleukin-17A (γδ17 cells) or interferon-γ (γδIFN cells) are generated in the mouse thymus, but the molecular regulators of their peripheral functions are not fully characterized. Here we established an Il17a-GFP:Ifng-YFP double-reporter mouse strain to analyze at unprecedented depth the transcriptomes of pure γδ17 cell versus γδIFN cell populations from peripheral lymph nodes. Within a very high fraction of differentially expressed genes, we identify a panel of 20 new signature genes in steady-state γδ17 cells versus γδIFN cells, which we further validate in models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and cerebral malaria, respectively. Among the signature genes, we show that the co-receptor CD6 and the signaling protein Themis promote the activation and proliferation of peripheral γδIFN cells in response to T cell antigen receptor stimulation in vitro and to Plasmodium infection in vivo. This resource can help to understand the distinct activities of effector γδ T cell subsets in pathophysiology. Here, the authors use a double-reporter system to tag IFNγ-producing versus IL-17A-producing γδ T cells to compile a trancriptomic resource of these cell subsets in mice at steady state and in response to cerebral malaria or multiple sclerosis.
Author Correction: Heterochronic parabiosis reprograms the mouse brain transcriptome by shifting aging signatures in multiple cell types
Authors: Methodios Ximerakis, Kristina M. Holton, Richard M. Giadone, Ceren Ozek, Monika Saxena, Samara Santiago, Xian Adiconis, Danielle Dionne, Lan Nguyen, Kavya M. Shah, Jill M. Goldstein, Caterina Gasperini, Ioannis A. Gampierakis, Scott L. Lipnick, Sean K. Simmons, Sean M. Buchanan, Amy J. Wagers, Aviv Regev, Joshua Z. Levin, Lee L. Rubin
Journal: Nature Aging (2025)
The UK-Irish Atopic eczema Systemic TherApy Register (A*STAR): baseline characteristics of the cohort
Authors: Elizaveta Gribaleva, Kaitlyn Chan, Carlos Chivardi Moreno, David Prieto Merino, Man Fung Tsoi, Rebecca Carroll, Bolaji Coker, Lilia De la Cruz, Manisha Baden, Paula E Beattie, Sara Brown, Tim Burton, Ross Hearn, John R Ingram, Alan D Irvine, Graham A Johnston, Irene Man, Graham Ogg, Mandy Wan, Richard B Warren, Richard T Woolf, Nick J Reynolds, Andrea Manca, Michael R Ardern Jones, Carsten Flohr, Michael R Ardern-Jones, Jerome Baldago, Tracy Bale, Paula Beattie, Sara Brown, Victoria Brown, Michael J Cork, Sharmela Darné, May Fadhil, Caoimhe Fahy, Leila Ferguson, Carsten Flohr, Ross Hearn, John R Ingram, Graham A Johnston, Effi Ladoyanni, Alison Layton, Claire Leitch, Mark Lunt, Irene Man, Deborah Moffit, Louise Newell, Graham Ogg, Sophia Paget, Gabriela Petrof, Urvi Popli, Catherine Rennie, Nick Reynolds, Nasim Rouhani, Ann Sergeant, Rosalind Simpson, Ben Thompson, Joanne Topliffe, Shyamal Wahie, Hannah Wainman, Richard B Warren, Aaron Wernham, Richard Woolf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

A-STAR is a prospective, longitudinal register study aimed at evaluating short- and long-term effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of systemic treatments. This letter presents the baseline characteristics of the cohort and describes future directions of the register's development.
Structural and Functional Analyses of STM14_5441-STM14_5442: A Potential Mechanism for Persister Formation Against Aminoglycosides
Authors: Hyun-Jong Eun, Seok-Won Jang, Ju-Hyun Park, Jooyeon Lee, Ki-Young Lee, Eun-Jin Lee, Bong-Jin Lee
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2025)
Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of High-Dose Ondansetron on Clinical Symptoms and Brain Connectivity in Obsessive-Compulsive and Tic Disorders
Authors: Emily R. Stern, Katherine A. Collins, Laura B. Bragdon, Goi Khia Eng, Nicolette Recchia, Barbara J. Coffey, Evan Leibu, James W. Murrough, Russell H. Tobe, Dan V. Iosifescu, Katherine E. Burdick, Wayne K. Goodman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2025)

Sensory phenomena (SP) are aversive sensations driving repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder that are not well addressed by standard treatments. SP are related to the functioning of an interoceptive-sensorimotor circuit that may be modulated by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. The present study employed an experimental medicine approach to test the effects of 4 weeks of high-dose ondansetron compared to placebo on SP severity and brain connectivity in a cohort of individuals with OCD and/or Tourette's disorder. Of 51 participants who completed the study, 27 were assigned to receive 24 mg/day of ondansetron and 24 to receive placebo. Analyses examined changes in SP severity and, for participants with OCD, overall OCD severity from baseline to final visit. Functional MRI data were collected at both visits for analysis of intrinsic functional connectivity metrics characterizing global correlation (reflecting area "hubness") and local correlation (reflecting near-neighbor coherence). There were no significant differences between ondansetron and placebo in the reduction of SP or overall OCD severity in the full sample. In a subsample of participants with OCD taking concomitant serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), ondansetron was associated with a significant decrease in overall OCD severity and global connectivity of the medial sensorimotor cortex compared with placebo. Longitudinal reductions in SP severity were related to decreases in right sensorimotor hubness in both groups, and to brainstem local coherence only in participants taking ondansetron. There was no effect of high-dose ondansetron on SP. However, when used as an augmentation to SRIs, ondansetron reduced overall OCD severity, which may be related to changes in the "hubness" of the sensorimotor cortex. Ondansetron's ability to modulate brainstem connectivity may underlie its variable effectiveness in reducing SP.