tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3129: Epigenetic gestational age predicts subclinical atherosclerosis measures from childhood through adulthood
Authors: Zhongzheng Niu, Sahra Mohazzab-Hosseinian, Fangqi Guo, Xinci Chen, Mingzhu Yan, Lora Whitfield, Yanjie Li, Howard Hodis, Theresa Bastain, Shohreh Farzan, Carrie Breton
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Objective: Atherosclerosis, an aging-related disease, may begin developing in childhood. Epigenetic age is known to predict biological aging accurately, and epigenetic gestational age can predict biological maturity at birth. However, the association of biological aging at birth with atherosclerosis in later life remains unknown. We aim to examine the association of epigenetic gestational age with subclinical measures of atherosclerosis at ages 11 to 24 and their changes over time. Methods: In the Southern California Children’s Health Study, DNA methylation from newborn bloodspots of 242 participants was analyzed using the Infinium 450K array. We calculated epigenetic gestational ages with the Knight and Bohlin algorithms. Intrinsic Epigenetic Gestational Age Deceleration (IEGAD), indicating developmental immaturity at birth, was derived by regressing epigenetic age on clinical gestational age, adjusted for cell composition. Subclinical measures of atherosclerosis, including carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid distensibility, were obtained from ultrasound images from all participants in childhood (mean age: 11.3 years, SD: 0.6) in 2007, and repeatedly obtained from a subset of 54 participants again in adulthood (mean age: 24.2 years, SD: 1.6) between 2019 and 2022. Associations between each IEGAD and subclinical atherosclerosis measures, including their changes over time, were evaluated using linear regression, adjusting for sex, race, birthweight, age and body mass index at time of ultrasound, maternal age at delivery, and maternal pregnancy complications. Results: Knight IEGAD (mean: -0.05, SD = 1.1) and Bohlin IEGAD (mean: -0.03, SD=0.78) was moderately correlated (Pearson r = 0.67, P&lt;0.001). Each week increase in Bohlin EEGAD was associated with higher adult CIMT (β = 34.9 µm, 95% CI: 1.63, 68.2) and with more CIMT thickening from childhood to adulthood (β = 2.2 µm/year, 95% CI: 0.05, 4.36). Similarly, each week increase in Knight IEGAD was associated with reduced arterial elasticity, as measured by lower carotid distensibility, in both childhood (β = -3.22, 95% CI: -0.78, -5.67) units (10 −6 ×m 2 /Newtons) and adulthood (β = -1.99, 95% CI: -0.36, 4.34), and an annual reduction of 0.40 (-0.14, 0.94) unit/year from childhood to adulthood. Conclusion: Developmental immaturity at birth, as indicated by epigenetic gestational age, is associated with adverse subclinical atherosclerosis markers from childhood to adulthood.
Abstract P1046: Positive and Adverse School Experiences and Cardiovascular Health (CVH) in the Young Hearts Study
Authors: Tiwaloluwa Ajibewa, Yaojie Wang, Aashima Chopra, Darci Phillips, Ileah Spain Rios, Lucia Petito, Amy Yu, Amanda Perak, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Sarah de Ferranti, Holly Gooding, Stephen Daniels, Darwin Labarthe, Matthew Davis, Marc Rosenman, Rashmi Narayan, Mark Pletcher, Francis Alenghat, Rupali Gandhi, Cheryl Lefaiver, Amanda Luff, Huma Khan, Brad Appelhans, Karen Lui, Rachel Caskey, Norrina Allen
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: School environments play a crucial role in shaping the social and physical health of children, by promoting lifelong healthy habits. Therefore, we examined the association between harmful (peer-bullying) and positive (school connectedness) school-based experiences and behavioral CVH (bCVH) among children and adolescents. Methods: Data from 910 youth (14.9±1.9 years; 49.6% non-Hispanic White; 48% female) from the Young Hearts Study were analyzed. Self-reported experiences of peer bullying and school connectedness were measured via the School Experiences survey. Scores for bullying and school connectedness were derived by summing each of the four items pertaining to peer bullying and school connectedness, from their respective subdomain. A composite bCVH score was calculated by averaging scores for the four behavioral components of the American Heart Association Life’s Essential 8 [LE8; diet, physical activity (PA), sleep, and nicotine exposure] as well as body mass index (BMI), each scored on a 0 (poor) to 100 (ideal) scale. Linear regression was used to measure associations between school experiences and bCVH adjusting for age, sex, race, household income, and health insurance status. Results: Mean scores (±SD; range 0-16) for peer bullying and school connectedness were 1.65±2.53 and 12.3±3.8, respectively. Mean scores for the four components of the LE8 and BMI were: diet (39.4±22.0), PA (70.8±39.9), sleep (74.5±28.7), nicotine exposure (92.6±19.7), and BMI (77.9±32.3). In fully adjusted models, 1-unit higher score of connectedness or bullying were associated with 0.45-unit higher and 0.82-unit lower bCVH scores, respectively. Among individual bCVH components, connectedness was most strongly associated with BMI [0.77 (95% CI, 0.13, 1.41)] and nicotine exposure scores [0.76 (0.39, 1.12)], while higher bullying was associated with lower diet [-1.27 (-1.86, -0.67)] and nicotine exposure [-0.8 (-1.33, -0.27)] scores (Figure 1). Conclusions: Optimizing the school environment to promote social connectedness and anti-bullying practices may be an important strategy in promoting CVH among adolescents.
Abstract 034: Proteomic Profiles of Obesity-Related Phenotypes are Independently Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Chang Liu, Bojung Seo, Qin Hui, Peter Wilson, Arshed Quyyumi, Yan Sun
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Obesity is a critical modifiable risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events, yet traditional measures like Body Mass Index (BMI) have limitations in capturing the complexities of adiposity and its associated cardiovascular disease risk. Proteomics may improve the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of obesity and its implications for cardiovascular health. Methods: Proteomic profiling was performed using the Olink Explore 3072 platform on blood plasma samples from a subset of the UK Biobank participants. The relative protein abundance was normalized using rank-based inverse normalization. A total of 15,652 healthy participants without prevalent or incident diabetes, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and cancer were included for training and testing of the protein-predicted obesity phenotypes, including BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), and waist-hip ratio (WHR). An additional 24,999 participants without prevalent stroke or coronary artery disease were included in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Protein-predicted scores of BMI, BFP, and WHR were generated using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm with cross-validation among the healthy participants. Associations between these protein-predicted scores and MACE were evaluated using Fine and Gray's competing risk model accounting for all-cause death as competing risk, adjusting for lipids, blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes, smoking, blood pressure-lowering medication, cholesterol-lowering medication, and the measured obesity-related phenotypes. Results: Strong correlations were observed between protein-predicted obesity phenotypes and their measured counterparts (R 2 : BMI = 0.78, BFP = 0.85, WHR = 0.63). A standard deviation of elevated protein-predicted scores for BFP and WHR, but not for BMI, was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.25, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.38, p &lt;0.0001; HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.24, p = 0.001, respectively), independent of established cardiovascular risk factors and outperformed the measured obesity-related phenotypes. Conclusion: Proteomic markers can improve the assessment of obesity-related risks for cardiovascular outcomes. Integrating proteomic data into clinical practice complements current metrics for adiposity and has the potential to facilitate personalized preventive strategies for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Abstract P1170: Lifestyle interventions for prevention of cardiovascular disease among mothers of young children: a scoping review
Authors: Olivia Liu, Sinia Sareen, Jiachen Zhu, Tanya Spruill, Milla Arabadjian
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is high and rising among younger women. Mothers of young children often exhibit poorer diets and lower physical activity levels than mothers of older children and women without children. CVD risk remains elevated well past the 1-year postpartum period for those with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Yet, little is known about interventions for CVD prevention among this group. Objective: To review and synthesize the available literature on lifestyle interventions for CVD prevention among mothers of young children (≤5 years) and highlight gaps to inform future research. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and EMBASE for peer-reviewed English-language articles published 2009-2023 on lifestyle interventions for CVD prevention in mothers with children 1-5 years. The rationale for this age range was because the care needs for this age group are distinct from those of infants but require a higher degree of hands-on caregiving compared to older children. The review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, with articles screened by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer available to resolve conflicts. Results: Of 1,405 studies, none exclusively recruited mothers with children 1-5 years. Six studies were eligible because reported mean child age was ≤5 years (Figure 1). Total sample size across studies was 1,614. Five were randomized controlled trials testing in-person (n=3) or digital (n=2) lifestyle interventions. Interventions included workshops with physical activity sessions (n=1), in-person physical/mental health education (n=3), video-based physical/mental health education with peer support groups (n=1), and a smartphone app (n=1). No interventions focused on sleep or tobacco use (Life’s Essential 8 components), or addressed social determinants, which are major drivers of health. Study follow-up ranged from 6-18 months. Outcome measures included self-reported diet, physical activity, perceived stress, and quality of life, and objective assessments of blood pressure, glucose, lipid levels, and weight. Five of 6 studies reported positive results at their primary time points. Conclusions: Effective strategies to improve CVD risk in mothers of young children have the potential to prevent CV events in later life. Our results highlight a significant gap in the literature on such interventions, underscoring the need for targeted research for this population.
Abstract P3028: Dietary patterns, serum metabolites and risk of cardiovascular disease in the US Hispanic/Latino adults: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Hongbo Yang, Yi Wang, Kai Luo, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Christina Cordero, Robert Ostfeld, Claudia Martinez, Luis Maldonado, Amber Pirzada, Martha Daviglus, Bing Yu, Frank Hu, Robert Kaplan, Qibin Qi
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Objective: Healthy dietary patterns are recommended to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between dietary patterns and CVD are not well-understood. We aimed to assess the associations of healthy dietary patterns and related serum metabolites with incident CVD in US Hispanics/Latinos. Methods: The study included 13,922 participants free of CVD at baseline aged 18-74 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Dietary pattern scores, including Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), and alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), were constructed at baseline (2008-2011) using two 24-hour dietary recalls data. The primary outcome was incident CVD, encompassing myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke. Dietary-pattern-associated metabolite scores were calculated based on 40 serum metabolites measured in a subsample of baseline participants (n=5,154). Associations of dietary pattern scores, individual metabolites and metabolite scores with incident CVD were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression. Results: After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and behavioral factors, a 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary pattern scores was associated with a lower risk of CVD with hazard ratios of 0.68 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.47-0.98), 0.71 (0.58-0.88), and 0.69 (0.47-1.02) for HEI-2015, hPDI, and aMED, respectively. A negative metabolite score derived from 8 dietary-pattern-inverse metabolites showed a strong inverse association with three dietary scores, while a positive metabolite score based on 32 dietary-pattern-positive metabolites exhibited a robust positive association with three dietary scores (Figure 1A). The metabolite scores were significantly associated with risk of CVD, with hazard ratios of 1.44 (95% CI, 1.19, 1.75) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.65, 0.97) for the negative and positive metabolite scores (per SD increase in metabolites scores), respectively (Figure 1B). Conclusion: Healthier diet patterns and related serum metabolite profiles were associated with lower risk of CVD in US Hispanic/Latino adults.
Abstract P1055: Anxiety, Stress, Emotional Difficulties and Behavioral Cardiovascular Health in Childhood: The Young Hearts Study
Authors: Darci Phillips, Yaojie Wang, Rachel Zmora, Aashima Chopra, Ileah Spain Rios, Lucia Petito, Amy Yu, Amanda Perak, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Sarah de Ferranti, Holly Gooding, Stephen Daniels, Darwin Labarthe, Matthew Davis, Marc Rosenman, Rashmi Narayan, Mark Pletcher, Francis Alenghat, Rupali Gandhi, Cheryl Lefaiver, Amanda Luff, Huma Khan, Brad Appelhans, Karen Lui, Rachel Caskey, Norrina Allen
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Psychosocial factors in childhood, such as emotional and behavioral difficulties, contribute to long-term cardiovascular health (CVH). However, limited research has explored the relationship between these difficulties and childhood CVH. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis includes participants aged 2-18 (N = 6,892) from the Young Hearts cohort with complete behavioral CVH (bCVH) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) data. SDQ scores included the Total Difficulties Score (TDS), measuring emotional and behavioral difficulties, and the Prosocial Behavior Score (PBS), reflecting empathy and cooperation. We calculated bCVH scores using the Life’s Essential 8 metrics (diet, exercise, nicotine exposure, sleep, and BMI). Linear regression was used to assess associations between TDS, PBS, and bCVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental education, financial stability, food security, and health insurance status. Results: The sample had a mean age of 8.7, 48% female, 46% non-Hispanic White, 28% Hispanic, and 15% non-Hispanic Black. Higher TDS was associated with lower bCVH (-1.91; 95% CI -2.27, -1.56), while higher PBS was linked to better bCVH (1.75; 95% CI 1.41, 2.1), and physical activity largely contributed to these differences (Figure 1). Conclusion: Psychosocial difficulties and prosocial behaviors have a strong association with physical activity, making it a potential intervention target for improving childhood CV outcomes. Enhancing prosocial behaviors through interventions like social-skills training may further support both psychosocial well-being and cardiovascular health in children.
Abstract P3123: Assessing The Cardiovascular Health Status Using “Life’s Essential 8” Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Aisanam Abdurasulova, Shafee Ur Rehman, Wajid Iqbal, Ali Haider, Aya Ibrahim, Ryskul Kydyralieva
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major concern worldwide. Unhealthy lifestyle and habits can greatly increase the risk of developing CVD. Additionally, compelling evidence suggests an increase in modifiable risk factors among young people globally. This highlights the importance of early intervention and lifestyle changes to prevent the development of CVD later in life, as those recommended by the American Heart Association’s (AHA) Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). Purpose: We assessed cardiovascular health (CVH) status among male and female undergraduate students using the AHA LE8 score. Methods: Overall 106 undergraduate students aged 18 to 24 years without pre-existing history of cardiovascular disease were included. Participants’ overall CVH was analyzed using the LE8 score (0-100)which is categorized as ideal (80-100), intermediate (50-79), and poor (0-50). We had a sample size of 60 males and 46 females, with 52 students being Pakistani nationals and 54 students being of different ethnic groups (Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Turkish etc.), thus the data analysis was stratified by sex and ethnicity. Results: In the overall study sample of 106 students, the mean LE8 score was 76.67 (0.17). The highest and lowest factors were blood sugar 96.98 (0.067) and diet 36.368 (0.545), respectively. The gender-based analysis showed that in male the CVH score was 75.973 (0.463) while in female it was 77.407 (0.463). Conclusions: In conclusion our study indicate that the university students had intermediate CVH health status. No significant difference in the LE8 Score between male and female was observed. Of all the participants, only 39,6% of students had ideal CVH. Hence, we concluded that it is important to raise awareness about the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease among young people, especially students. Implementing educational strategies to inform students about these risk factors could be a valuable approach to promoting lifestyle changes and preventing cardiac problems in this population.
Abstract P1034: Trends of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Usage, Self-Payments and Total Payments Among People Without Diabetes in the United States from 2017 -2022
Authors: Michael Hammond, Lucia Petito, Dhruv Kazi, Sadiya Khan, Xiaoning Huang
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: While originally developed for glucose lowering, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are effective for weight loss. With the recent FDA approval of GLP-1 RAs for weight management in 2021 and broadening indications for use, trends of GLP-1 RA use, self-payment, and total associated payments among people without diabetes has important clinical and policy implications. Aim: We sought to describe trends of GLP-1 RA use, self-payments, and total associated payments among people without diabetes in the US from 2017 to 2022. Methods: We analyzed data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2017-2022 for individuals without diabetes who reported use of GLP-1 RA. MEPS is conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and uses survey instruments to collect demographic, health, and economic information on a nationally representative noninstitutionalized US population. Prescription use and payments were determined by self-report and confirmed with respondent pharmacy. The total payment and out-of-pocket payment for GLP-1 RA were averaged per person for each data year. Results: A total of 148 participants representing 2,019,359 US adults without diabetes using GLP-1 RA were included. Mean (SD) age was 47.8 (14.7) years and 64.4% were female. The total weighted number of adults without diabetes who were prescribed GLP-1 RA increased 646% from 114,619 in 2017 to 854,728 in 2022 (p-value for trend &lt; 0.01) with the greatest absolute increase between 2021-2022 ( Figure ). The average total payment increased from $2651 in 2017 to $6811 in 2022. The average self-payment decreased from $212 in 2017 to $157 in 2022. However, the changes were not statistically significant (p=0.3 for total payment; p=0.6 for self-payment). Conclusion: GLP-1 RA use among people without diabetes has increased significantly between 2017-2022 with the greatest absolute increase following FDA approval for weight management in 2021.
Abstract P3103: Circulating and tissue levels of omega-3 fatty acids and incident peripheral artery disease: an individual participant-level pooled analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Frank Qian, Nathan Tintle, Jason Westra, Christian Bork, Brenton Swenson, Sarah Nomura, Fumiaki Imamura, Federica Laguzzi, Cristina Razquin, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Elizabeth Holliday, Rozenn Lemaitre, Michael Tsai, Qi Sun, Jason Wu, Anne Newman, David Siscovick, Dariush Mozaffarian, William Harris
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Evidence from observational studies and randomized trials suggest a favorable role of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes. However, whether omega-3 fatty acids may reduce the incidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is not known. Aims: We prospectively evaluated blood and adipose tissue levels of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the sum of EPA and DHA, with respect to incident PAD. Methods: We included 11 prospective studies from a global consortium up to May 2023 with measurements of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA (as a % of total fatty acids) in blood or adipose tissue among adults (age≥18), who were free of coronary artery disease, stroke, and PAD at baseline, and assessed incident PAD events. Each cohort conducted de novo individual-level analyses with a prespecified analytical plan and harmonized definitions for exposures, outcomes, covariates (including demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, medication use, and omega-6 fatty acid levels), and subgroups. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Results: Among 142,316 participants from North America, Europe, and Australia followed for a weighted median of 13.7 years (range of median follow-up: 9.8 to 26.2 years), 1,842 incident cases of PAD were ascertained. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analysis, very long-chain EPA, DPA, DHA, and EPA+DHA each associated with lower PAD incidence, with HRs (95% CI) per interquintile range of 0.79 (0.69, 0.91), 0.80 (0.68, 0.95), 0.74 (0.64, 0.85), and 0.79 (0.69, 0.90), respectively ( P &lt;0.01 for each) ( Figure 1 ). Long-chain ALA was not associated with PAD, 1.14 (0.98, 1.33). Heterogeneity between studies was low to moderate ( I 2\ ranging from 0% to 57%). Results were broadly consistent in prespecified subgroups by age, sex, smoking status, prevalent diabetes, and biomarker lipid fraction. Conclusion: In this large international consortium, objective levels of very long-chain, but not long-chain, omega-3 fatty acids inversely associated with incident PAD. Our data suggest a protective role for very long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in the development of PAD, supporting the need for further mechanistic studies and appropriately powered randomized controlled trials.