tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Yen-Chou Chen, Charles Dolladille, Anjali Rao, Nicolas L Palaskas, Anita Deswal, Lorenz Lehmann, Jennifer Cautela, Pierre-Yves Courand, Salim Hayek, Han Zhu, Richard K Cheng, Joachim Alexandre, Lauren A Baldassarre, François Roubille, Michal Laufer-Perl, Aarti Asnani, Stephane Ederhy, Yuichi Tamura, Sanjeev Francis, Elizabeth M Gaughan, Douglas B Johnson, Danette L Flint, Peter P Rainer, Guillaume Bailly, Steven M Ewer, Mandar A Aras, Dimitri Arangalage, Eve Cariou, Roberta Florido, Giovanni Peretto, Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Nausheen Akhter, Anna Narezkina, Joshua E Levenson, Yan Liu, Shanthini M Crusz, Nahema Issa, Nicolas Piriou, Darryl Leong, Shahneen Sandhu, Isik Turker, Pedro Moliner, Michel Obeid, Lucie Heinzerling, Wei-Ting Chang, Andrew Stewart, Vishnu Venkatesh, Zoe Du, Anirudh Yadavalli, Dohyeong Kim, Alvin Chandra, Kathleen W Zhang, John R Power, Javid Moslehi, Joe-Elie Salem, Vlad G Zaha
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2025)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, but ICI myocarditis (ICI-M) remains a potentially fatal complication. The clinical implications and predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% in ICI-M are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with LVEF <50% vs ≥50% at the time of hospitalization for ICI-M. A secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between LVEF and 30-day all-cause mortality. The International ICI-Myocarditis Registry, a retrospective, international, multicenter database, included 757 patients hospitalized with ICI-M. Patients were stratified by LVEF as reduced LVEF (<50%) or preserved LVEF (≥50%) on admission. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between LVEF and clinical events, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine factors linked to LVEF. Of 757 patients, 707 had documented LVEFs on admission: 244 (35%) with LVEF <50% and 463 (65%) with LVEF ≥50%. Compared with patients with LVEF ≥50%, those with LVEF <50% were younger (<70 years), had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2, and were more likely to have received chest radiation (24.2% vs 13.5%; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified predictors of LVEF <50%, including exposure to v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, pre-existing heart failure, dyspnea at presentation, and at least 40 days from ICI initiation to ICI-M onset. Conversely, myositis symptoms were associated with LVEF ≥50%. LVEF <50% was marginally associated with 30-day all-cause mortality (unadjusted log-rank P = 0.062; adjusted for age, cancer types, and ICI therapy, HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02-2.20). Dyspnea, time from ICI initiation, a history of heart failure, and prior cardiotoxic therapy may be predictors of an initial LVEF <50% in patients with ICI-M.
Baseline basophil activation and early suppression is associated with clinical outcome after peanut sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: Jessica R Humphrey, Rishu Guo, Xiaohong Yue, Corrine A Keet, Yamini V Virkud, J Andrew Bird, A Wesley Burks, Edwin H Kim, Johanna M Smeekens, Michael D Kulis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)
Long-term exposure to nitrate and trihalomethanes in drinking-water and gastric cancer: A Multicase–Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain)
Authors: Carolina Donat-Vargas, Manolis Kogevinas, Gemma Castaño-Vinyals, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Nuria Aragonés, Marcela Guevara, Inés Gómez-Acebo, Antonio Molina, Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon, Mercedes Vanaclocha-Espí, Ana Molina-Barceló, Victor Moreno, Marina Pollan, Cristina M Villanueva
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Disinfection byproducts and N-nitroso compounds (NOC) formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion have been shown to be carcinogenic in animal studies, but epidemiological evidence is limited, especially in relation to gastric cancer. We evaluated the association between drinking-water exposure to nitrate and trihalomethanes (THMs) and gastric cancer in the Multicase-Control Study conducted in Spain (MCC-Spain). In 2008-2013, 254 hospital-based incident gastric cancer cases and 2,365 population-based controls were recruited, providing information on residential histories and type of water consumed. Adult lifetime average nitrate and THM levels in residences from age 18 until 2 years before the interview were estimated and linked with water consumption information to calculate waterborne ingested nitrate, brominated (Br)-THMs and chloroform. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression, with adjustment for potential confounders. We assessed the effect modification by factors influencing endogenous NOC formation. Median (P25-P75) lifetime waterborne ingested nitrate (mg/day), Br-THMs (μg/day) and chloroform (μg/day) were 2.7 (1.4-5.6), 3.8 (1.5-8.1), and 12.2 (4.0-23.7), respectively, in cases; and 3.8 (1.8-8.5), 5.7 (2.6-19.2) and 12.9 (4.6-24.5) in controls. Adjusted OR (95%CI) for gastric cancer comparing nitrate intake > vs. ≤ 9.7 mg/day (80th percentile) was 1.42 (0.88-2.29). This association was more pronounced among participants with low consumption of vegetables (2.24 (1.02-4.91)), vitamin C (2.10 (0.94-4.71)), and vitamin E (2.81 (1.16-6.78)), and among those with high consumption of alcohol (2.78 (0.98-7.93) or processed meat (1.91 (0.97-3.75). When stratified by age, the association only remained in the >65 years group (median 73 years). OR for gastric cancer comparing Br-THM ingestion ≥ vs. < 80th percentile was 0.65 (0.33-1.28) and for chloroform was 1.36 (0.87-2.14). Comparable ORs were found for residential concentrations. Long-term waterborne nitrate exposure below regulatory limits may increase gastric cancer risk among older adults and in those with poor dietary patterns. These findings need to be confirmed by cohort studies with larger sample sizes.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15039.
Albumin Nanocomplex of BCL-2/xL Inhibitor Reduced Platelet Toxicity and Improved Anticancer Efficacy in Myeloproliferative Neoplasm and Lymphoma
Authors: Hongxiang Hu, Chengyi Li, Yudong Song, Jizhao Xie, Qiuxia Li, Fang Ke, Bo Wen, Shaomeng Wang, Wei Gao, Duxin Sun
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Topological Neuroscience: Linking Circuits to Function
Authors: Carina Curto, Nicole Sanderson
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2025)

We review recent developments of the use of topology in neuroscience. From grid cells and head direction cells to the geometry of olfactory space, modern applied topology methods such as persistent homology are increasingly being used to study neural circuits and perception. In addition to outlining the big picture and reviewing various applications of topological data analysis (TDA) to neuroscience, we take a deep dive into the basic homology computation to make the underlying mathematics more accessible to neuroscientists. A discussion of practical considerations and pointers to TDA software are also included.
The Many Lives of an Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell
Authors: JoAnn Buchanan, Lucas Cheadle
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2025)

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are glia that give rise to myelinating oligodendrocytes in the developing and adult brain. However, emerging data suggest that OPCs perform a wide range of functions beyond oligodendrogenesis. For example, OPCs receive direct synaptic input from neurons, and they respond to neural activity through the release of factors that alter neuronal function. Moreover, OPCs directly associate with the neurovasculature to promote blood-brain barrier maintenance and integrity. Emerging data suggest that OPCs can refine synaptic connectivity during brain development, a process to which they contribute by phagocytosing synapses. Finally, OPCs are also involved in brain immunity, as they can adopt immune cell–like functions during demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. Altogether, these findings have identified OPCs as the major multitaskers of the brain. In this review, we discuss the roles of OPCs that extend beyond oligodendrocyte production and their relevance for neurological function.
Time, Control, and the Nervous System
Authors: Caroline Haimerl, Filipe S. Rodrigues, Joseph J. Paton
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2025)

Because organisms are able to sense its passage, it is perhaps tempting to treat time as a sensory modality, akin to vision or audition. Indeed, certain features of sensory estimation, such as Weber's law, apply to timing and sensation alike. However, from an organismal perspective, time is a derived feature of other signals, not a stimulus that can be readily transduced by sensory receptors. Its importance for biology lies in the fact that the physical world comprises a complex dynamical system. The multiscale spatiotemporal structure of sensory and internally generated signals within an organism is the informational fabric underlying its ability to control behavior. Viewed this way, temporal computations assume a more fundamental role than is implied by treating time as just another element of the experienced world. Thus, in this review we focus on temporal processing as a means of approaching the more general problem of how the nervous system produces adaptive behavior.
Transcriptome-guided GLP-1 receptor therapy rescues metabolic and behavioral disruptions in a Bardet-Biedl Syndrome mouse model
Authors: Arashdeep Singh, Naila Haq, Mingxin Yang, Shelby Luckey, Samira Mansouri, Martha Campbell-Thompson, Lei Jin, Sofia Christou-Savina, Guillaume de Lartigue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2025)

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS), a ciliopathy characterized by obesity, hyperphagia, and learning deficits, arises from mutations in BBS genes. More exacerbated symptoms occur with mutations in genes encoding the BBSome, a complex regulating primary cilia function. We investigated the mechanisms underlying BBS-induced obesity using a novel BBS5 knockout (BBS5-/-) mouse model. BBS5-/- mice displayed hyperphagia, learning deficits, glucose/insulin intolerance, and disrupted metabolic hormones, phenocopying human BBS. They displayed an unique immunophenotype in white adipose tissue with increased proinflammatory macrophages and dysfunctional regulatory T cells, suggesting a distinct mechanism for adiposity compared to typical obesity models. Additionally, BBS5-/- mice exhibited pancreatic islet hyperplasia but failed to normalize blood glucose, suggesting defective insulin action. Hypothalamic transcriptomics revealed dysregulated endocrine signaling pathways with functional analyses confirming defects in insulin, leptin, and cholecystokinin (CCK) signalling, while preserving glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) responsiveness. Notably, treatment with a GLP-1R agonist effectively alleviated hyperphagia, body weight gain, improved glucose tolerance, and circulating metabolic hormones in BBS5-/- mice. This study establishes BBS5-/- mice as a valuable translational model of BBS to understand the pathogenesis and develop novel treatments. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of GLP-1R agonists for managing BBS-associated metabolic dysregulation, warranting further investigation for clinical application.
First-trimester exposure to macrolides and risk of major congenital malformations compared with amoxicillin: A French nationwide cohort study
Authors: Anh Tran, Mahmoud Zureik, Jeanne Sibiude, Sara Miranda, Jérôme Drouin, Lise Marty, Alain Weill, Rosemary Dray-Spira, Xavier Duval, Sarah Tubiana
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2025)

Background While macrolides are among the frequently prescribed antibiotics for pregnant women, evidence of their fetal safety remains conflicting. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of major congenital malformations (MCM) after first-trimester exposure to macrolides compared with amoxicillin, focusing on specific MCM subtypes. Methods and findings This nationwide cohort study used data from the Mother-Child EPI-MERES Register nested in the French Health Data System (SNDS). Pregnancies linked with their singleton live-born infants from January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, were included. The macrolide exposure group comprised pregnancies with one or more prescriptions filled for systemic macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin) during the first trimester. The comparator group comprised pregnancies exposed to amoxicillin during the first trimester. Adjusted relative risks (aRR) and 95% CI were estimated by log-binomial regression for any MCM overall and individual MCMs with a prevalence of at least one per 10,000 live-born infants in the macrolide exposure group. Among 7,644,579 eligible pregnancies, 140,708 exposed to macrolides and 592,652 exposed to amoxicillin were included. After adjustment for measured confounders, macrolide exposure during the first trimester was not associated with any MCM overall (aRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.05) compared with amoxicillin. Specifically, no increased risk was found for most individual MCMs. However, an increase in the risk for spina bifida (aRR 1.82, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.71) and syndactyly (aRR 1.65, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58) was observed. The adjusted risk difference per 10,000 live-born infants was 1.15 (95% CI 0.26 to 2.05) for spina bifida and 0.87 (95% CI 0.01 to 1.72) for syndactyly. Sensitivity analyses consistently yielded elevated point estimates for these two MCMs, despite wide confidence intervals and small numbers of events. Residual confounding by indication is possible. Conclusions The findings indicate that macrolide exposure during the first trimester is not strongly associated with an increased risk for most individual MCMs, which is reassuring. However, an increased risk of spina bifida and syndactyly remains possible. Future studies are required to investigate these observations further as evidence continues to grow.
Sex-Related Difference in Outcomes of RIC for Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis
Authors: Xunming Ji, Chuanjie Wu, Yuanyuan Liu, Chengbei Hou, dong xiao, Di Wu, Xuehong Chu, Jiaqi Luo, Wanwan Zhang, Erlan Yu, Chuanhui Li, Chen Zhou
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)
Influence of Maternal Glycemia on Breast Milk Composition and Volume Ingested by Infants of Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lois E. Donovan, Rhonda C. Bell, Jennifer M. Yamamoto, Patricia Lemieux, Josephine Ho, Denice S. Feig, Heidi Virtanen, Susan Crawford, Raylene A. Reimer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE To examine relationships between maternal glucose and breast milk composition and volume ingested by infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to compare breast milk composition in women with and without T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Midfeed breast milk samples were collected from 11 mothers with T1D. Maternal continuous glucose monitoring data were correlated with breast milk composition and volume ingested. Breast milk composition was compared between the women with T1D and five without T1D. RESULTS Forty-seven breast milk samples from mothers with T1D were analyzed. Maternal glucose 90–120 min before breastfeeding correlated with breast milk glucose and fructose but not with lactose, protein, fatty acids, leptin, or volume consumed. Breast milk leptin correlated with volume of breast milk consumed (r = 0.394; P = 0.008). Higher breast milk glucose (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3 mg/mL) and leptin (463.6 ± 480.0 vs. 114.4 ± 68.6 pg/mL) were found in women with versus without T1D. CONCLUSIONS Maternal glucose is associated with breast milk glucose and fructose in women with T1D but not with volume of breast milk consumed.
Engagement in Hypertension and Diabetes Clinical Trials at Federally Qualified Health Centers
Authors: Samuel Byiringiro, Rifath Ara Alam Barsha, Thomas Hinneh, Emmanuel Uwiringiyimana, Juliana K. Garcia, Kimesha Grant, Tosin Tomiwa, Khadijat Adeleye, Brenda Owusu, Yuling Chen, Diana-Lyn Baptiste, Ashwag Alhabodal, Serina Gbaba, Payam Sheikhattari, Hailey N. Miller, Anna Steeves-Reece, Anna Templeton, Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Federally qualified community health centers (FQHCs) are potential partners in the quest to increase diversity in clinical trials. Despite this opportunity, there is limited knowledge about FQHC engagement in clinical trials. Objective To assess levels of FQHC engagement in hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) clinical trials and identify FQHC characteristics associated with engagement in the US. Evidence Review Six literature databases were searched for protocols and reports of clinical trials addressing hypertension or T2D among adults at FQHCs in the US, published between January 1, 2013, and November 6, 2023. Guided by a framework on community-engaged research, 4 levels of FQHC engagement in clinical trials were defined, ranging from level 1 (FQHC informed) to level 4 (FQHC driven). An ordinal regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between FQHC organizational and patient demographic characteristics and levels of engagement in hypertension and T2D clinical trials using the publicly available data from Uniform Data System (UDS) for all identifiable FQHCs. Findings The initial literature search identified 4552 articles. Following deduplication, title and abstract screening, full-text review, data extraction, and matching with available information in UDS, a total of 33 clinical trials were included. Together, these clinical trials engaged 67 FQHCs. In most cases, FQHC engagement occurred at level 1 (15 clinical trials engaging 19 FQHCs) or level 2 (8 clinical trials engaging 38 FQHCs). A higher ratio of full-time equivalent physicians to patients was associated with 54% (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% CI, 1.06-2.23) higher odds of having a higher level of FQHC engagement in hypertension and T2D clinical trials. A higher ratio of full-time community and patient education specialists to patients was associated with 41% (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.03-1.94) higher odds of having a higher level of FQHC engagement in hypertension and T2D clinical trials. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review of FQHC engagement in clinical trials, lower levels of engagement in hypertension and T2D clinical trials were found. Further research is required to identify clinical trial design and implementation strategies that promote FQHC participation in clinical trials and research capacity building.
Publisher Correction: Neoantigen-specific tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastrointestinal cancers: a phase 2 trial
Authors: Frank J Lowery, Stephanie L Goff, Billel Gasmi, Maria R Parkhurst, Nivedita M Ratnam, Hyunmi K Halas, Thomas E Shelton, Michelle M Langhan, Aarushi Bhasin, Aaron J Dinerman, Victoria Dulemba, Ian S Goldlust, Alexandra M Gustafson, Abraham A Hakim, Kyle J Hitscherich, Lisa M Kenney, Lior Levy, Juliette G Rault-Wang, Alakesh Bera, Satyajit Ray, Courtney D Seavey, Chuong D Hoang, Jonathan M Hernandez, Jared J Gartner, Sivasish Sindiri, Todd D Prickett, Lori S McIntyre, Sri Krishna, Paul F Robbins, Nicholas D Klemen, Mei Li M Kwong, James C Yang, Steven A Rosenberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Author Correction: LILRB3 genetic variation is associated with kidney transplant failure in African American recipients
Authors: Zeguo Sun, Zhengzi Yi, Chengguo Wei, Wenlin Wang, Tianyuan Ren, Paolo Cravedi, Fasika Tedla, Stephen C Ward, Evren Azeloglu, Daniel R Schrider, Yun Li, Atlas Khan, Francesca Zanoni, Jia Fu, Sumaria Ali, Shun Liu, Deguang Liang, Tong Liu, Hong Li, Caixia Xi, Thi Ha Vy, Gohar Mosoyan, Quan Sun, Ashwani Kumar, Zhongyang Zhang, Samira Farouk, Kirk Campell, Jordi Ochando, Kyung Lee, Steve Coca, Jenny Xiang, Patricia Connolly, Lorenzo Gallon, Philip J O'Connell, Robert Colvin, Madhav C Menon, Girish Nadkarni, John C He, Monica Kraft, Xuejun Jiang, Xuewu Zhang, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Aravind Cherukuri, Fadi G Lakkis, Weiguo Zhang, Shu-Hsia Chen, Peter S Heeger, Weijia Zhang
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Phase 2 trial of perioperative chemo-immunotherapy for gastro-esophageal adenocarcinoma: The role of M2 macrophage landscape in predicting response
Authors: Thierry Alcindor, James Tankel, Pierre-Olivier Fiset, Sanjima Pal, Touhid Opu, Michael Strasser, Mehrnoush Dehghani, Nicholas Bertos, Dongmei Zuo, Carmen Mueller, Jonathan Cools-Lartigue, Marc Hickeson, Victoria Marcus, Sophie Camilleri-Broet, Alan Spatz, Gertruda Evaristo, Mina Farag, Giovanni Artho, Arielle Elkrief, Ramy Saleh, Swneke Bailey, Morag Park, Sui Huang, Veena Sangwan, Lorenzo Ferri
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Islet Autoantibodies and Their Association With β-Cell Function and Diabetes Measures in Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Gila Ginzburg, Lindsey Hornung, Lee Denson, Amy S. Shah, Sarah Swauger, Jonathan Tatum, Siobhan Tellez, Deborah Elder, Melena D. Bellin, Maisam Abu-El-Haija
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE In children with acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP), circulating islet autoantibodies (auto-Ab) may influence β-cell function. This study reports Ab prevalence in youth with ARP/CP, and investigates effects on indices of insulin secretion during mixed meal tolerance testing (MMTT) and diabetes status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 234 youth with ARP/CP who had islet Ab testing. Ab+ group n = 28 (12%), and Ab− group n = 206 (88%). Fasting glucose and HbA1c were collected. MMTT was performed in 78% (183 of 234). MMTT-derived indices were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS The Ab+ and Ab− groups did not differ in age, sex, race, ethnicity, BMI percentile, or fasting glucose. Of Ab+ patients, 54% had one Ab+ and 46% had multiple Ab+. Comparing the Ab+ to Ab− groups, HbA1c was higher (median 5.7 vs. 5.2%, P &amp;lt; 0.01), and C-peptide was lower (median 2.4 vs. 3.7 ng/mL, P = 0.01) in the Ab+ group. The Ab+ compared with the Ab− group had a higher proportion of prediabetes/diabetes (57% vs. 32%, P &amp;lt; 0.001). In survival analysis, the Ab+ group had significantly shorter time from first acute pancreatitis episode to diabetes development (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In children with ARP/CP, Ab+ was associated with higher risk of diabetes/diabetes development, and shorter time to diabetes development, suggesting that islet Ab+ is associated with β-cell dysfunction in this patient cohort. Islet Ab+ was also associated with higher HbA1c and lower C-peptide levels. Future studies are needed to validate the role of islet Ab positivity in pancreatitis.