tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
End humanitarian catastrophe in conflict settings
Authors: Caroline S E Homer, Amanuel Abajobir, Koki Agarwal, Rina Agustina, A.T. Nizamuddin Ahmed, Fadia AlBuhairan, Shabina Ariff, Narendra Arora, Richmond Aryeetey, Per Ashorn, Peter Azzopardi, Oliva Bazirete, James A Berkley, Gary L Darmstadt, Kathryn G Dewey, Trevor Duke, Faysal El Kak, Caroline Homer, Fyezah Jehan, Caroline W Kabiru, Nuray Kanbur, Jonathan D Klein, Betty Kirkwood, Daniel Martinez Garcia, Sjoerd Postma, Linda Richter, Jane Sandall, Auliya A. Suwantika, Peter Waiswa, Dilys Walker, Stanley Zlotkin
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Pioneering a paradigm shift in asthma management: remission as a treatment goal
Authors: Marek Lommatzsch, Roland Buhl, G Walter Canonica, Christian Domingo Ribas, Hiroyuki Nagase, Guy G Brusselle, David J Jackson, Ian D Pavord, Stephanie Korn, Katrin Milger, Christian Taube, J Christian Virchow
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2023)
Electrocardiographic deep learning for predicting post-procedural mortality: a model development and validation study
Authors: David Ouyang, John Theurer, Nathan R Stein, J Weston Hughes, Pierre Elias, Bryan He, Neal Yuan, Grant Duffy, Roopinder K Sandhu, Joseph Ebinger, Patrick Botting, Melvin Jujjavarapu, Brian Claggett, James E Tooley, Tim Poterucha, Jonathan H Chen, Michael Nurok, Marco Perez, Adler Perotte, James Y Zou, Nancy R Cook, Sumeet S Chugh, Susan Cheng, Christine M Albert
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2023)

Preoperative risk assessments used in clinical practice are insufficient in their ability to identify risk for postoperative mortality. Deep-learning analysis of electrocardiography can identify hidden risk markers that can help to prognosticate postoperative mortality. We aimed to develop a prognostic model that accurately predicts postoperative mortality in patients undergoing medical procedures and who had received preoperative electrocardiographic diagnostic testing.
Psychopharmacology in children and adolescents: unmet needs and opportunities
Authors: Samuele Cortese, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Alan Apter, Celso Arango, Inmaculada Baeza, Tobias Banaschewski, Jan Buitelaar, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, David Coghill, David Cohen, Christoph U Correll, Edna Grünblatt, Pieter J Hoekstra, Anthony James, Pia Jeppesen, Péter Nagy, Anne Katrine Pagsberg, Mara Parellada, Antonio M Persico, Veit Roessner, Paramala Santosh, Emily Simonoff, Dejan Stevanovic, Argyris Stringaris, Benedetto Vitiello, Susanne Walitza, Abraham Weizman, Ian C K Wong, Gil Zalsman, Alessandro Zuddas, Sara Carucci, Florence Butlen-Ducuing, Maria Tome, Myriam Bea, Christine Getin, Nina Hovén, Asa Konradsson-Geuken, Daphne Lamirell, Nigel Olisa, Begonya Nafria Escalera, Carmen Moreno
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2023)
Reduction of daily maintenance inhaled corticosteroids in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (SHAMAL): a randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 4 study
Authors: David J Jackson, Liam G Heaney, Marc Humbert, Brian D Kent, Anat Shavit, Lina Hiljemark, Lynda Olinger, David Cohen, Andrew Menzies-Gow, Stephanie Korn, Claus Kroegel, Cristiano Caruso, Ilaria Baglivo, Stefania Colantuono, David Jackson, Dirk Skowasch, Fabiano Di Marco, Francis Couturaud, Frank Käßner, Iwona Cwiek, Markus Teber, Kornelia Knetsch, Jasmin Preuß, Gilles Devouassoux, Katrin Milger-Kneidinger, Liam Heaney, Lukas Jerrentrup, Marc Humbert, Margret Jandl, Hartmut Timmermann, Beatrice Probst, Maria D'Amato, Martin Hoffmann, Philippe Bonniaud, Guillaume Beltramo, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Patrick Berger, Shuaib Nasser, Stéphanie Fry, Stephanie Korn, Sven Philip Aries, Thomas Koehler, Timothy Harrison
Journal: The Lancet (2023)
Atopic dermatitis, cognitive function and psychiatric comorbidities across early childhood and adolescence in a population-based UK birth cohort
Authors: Patrick G Sockler, Stephen R Hooper, Katrina Abuabara, Emily Z Ma, Sarah Radtke, Aaron Bao, Elle Kim, Rashelle J Musci, Karin Kartawira, Joy Wan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) may affect cognitive function, but studies are limited and inconsistent. The effect of AD severity on cognition remains underexplored and few previous studies have examined clinically validated or repeated measures of cognition throughout childhood. Objectives To evaluate the relationship of AD activity and severity with validated measures of general cognition in a longitudinal birth cohort. Methods We conducted cross-sectional analyses using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a UK cohort of 14 975 individuals followed prospectively since their birth in 1991–92. AD was assessed 11 times between the age of 6 and 166 months. Mothers were asked if their child had an ‘itchy, dry skin rash in the joints and creases’, and AD status was time-updated accordingly as ‘never’, ‘maybe’, ‘inactive’, ‘active/mild’ or ‘active/moderate–severe’. General cognition [i.e. intelligence quotient (IQ)] was measured at 18, 49, 103 and 186 months of age using the Griffiths Mental Development Scales (GMDS), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), respectively. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare IQ with respect to nearest time-updated AD status. Secondary analyses were stratified by the presence or absence of psychiatric or learning disorders. An exploratory longitudinal analysis of IQ across all four outcome assessments was conducted using generalized estimating equations. Results No significant associations between AD status and full-scale IQ scores on the GMDS, WPPSI, WISC and WASI were observed after adjustment for sociodemographic factors, atopic comorbidities and sleep characteristics. However, at 8 years of age, WISC Performance IQ was slightly, although statistically significantly, lower among children with active/moderate–severe AD [β coefficient –2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) –4.12 to –0.19] and Verbal IQ was slightly, but statistically significantly, higher among those with inactive AD (β coefficient 1.31, 95% CI 0.28–2.34) compared with those without AD. Analyses stratified by psychiatric or learning disorders, and exploratory longitudinal analyses of cognition revealed similar findings. Conclusions We did not find any clinically meaningful associations between AD activity and severity and general cognitive function during early childhood and adolescence. Future studies should incorporate objective measures of AD severity and investigate outcomes beyond IQ.
Severity rating of specific skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa - the patient perspective
Authors: Linnea Thorlacius, Peter Theut Riis, Katrine D Musaeus, Ditte M Saunte, Solveig Esmann, Gregor B E Jemec, Stine Thestrup Hansen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

The assessment of physical signs in HS is a very complex matter. This qualitative study investigates how patients with HS themselves would rate the severity of different types of HS lesions, and suggests that the lesion severity weighting in currently used Outcome Measurement Instruments, do not match the patient experience of severity.
Trends in occupational and work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK: findings from The Health and Occupation Research network 1996–2019
Authors: Ireny Y K Iskandar, David J Gawkrodger, Matthew Gittins, Laura Byrne, Melanie Carder, Martie van Tongeren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2023)

Abstract Background Occupational exposure to metals such as nickel, chromium and cobalt can be associated with contact dermatitis, which can adversely affect an individual’s health, finances and employment. Despite this, little is known about the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis over prolonged periods of time. Objectives To investigate the medically reported trends in the incidence of work-related contact dermatitis attributed to nickel, chromium and cobalt in the UK. Methods Incidence and trends in cases of occupational contact dermatitis caused by nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1996 and 2019 (inclusive), reported to the EPIDERM surveillance scheme, were investigated and compared with trends in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to agents other than the aforementioned metals. A sensitivity analysis restricting the study cohort to cases attributed to only one type of metal was also conducted. Results Of all cases reported to EPIDERM during the study period, 2374 (12%) were attributed to nickel, chromium or cobalt. Cases predominantly comprised females (59%), with a mean (SD) age (males and females) of 38 (13) years. Cases were most frequently reported in manufacturing, construction, and human health and social activity industries. The most frequently reported occupations were hairdressing, and sales and retail (assistants, cashiers and checkout operators). The highest annual incidence rate of contact dermatitis was observed in females (2.60 per 100 000 persons employed per year), with the first and second peak seen in those aged 16–24 and ≥ 65 years, respectively. A statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational contact dermatitis attributed to metals over the study period was observed for all occupations (annual average change –6.9%, 95% confidence interval –7.8 to –5.9), with much of the decrease occurring between 1996 and 2007. Similar findings were obtained in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Over a period of 24 years, there has been a statistically significant decline in the incidence of metal-related occupational contact dermatitis in the UK. This could be attributed not only to improvements in working conditions, which have reduced metal exposure, but could also be due to the closure of industries in the UK that might have generated cases of contact dermatitis owing to metal exposure.
Parasitoid Serpins Evolve Novel Functions to Manipulate Host Homeostasis
Authors: Zhiwei Wu, Ruizhong Yuan, Qijuan Gu, Xiaotong Wu, Licheng Gu, Xiqian Ye, Yuenan Zhou, Jianhua Huang, Zhizhi Wang, Xuexin Chen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2023)

Parasitoids introduce various virulence factors when parasitism occurs, and some taxa generate teratocytes to manipulate the host immune system and metabolic homeostasis for the survival and development of their progeny. Host-parasitoid interactions are extremely diverse and complex, yet the evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. A category of serpin genes, named CvT-serpins, was discovered to be specifically expressed and secreted by the teratocytes of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. vestalis serpin genes are duplicated and most of them are clustered into 1 monophyletic clade. Intense positive selection was detected at the residues around the P1-P1' cleavage sites of the Cv-serpin reactive center loop domain. Functional analyses revealed that, in addition to the conserved function of melanization inhibition (CvT-serpins 1, 16, 18, and 21), CvT-serpins exhibited novel functions, i.e. bacteriostasis (CvT-serpins 3 and 5) and nutrient metabolism regulation (CvT-serpins 8 and 10). When the host-parasitoid system is challenged with foreign bacteria, CvT-serpins act as an immune regulator to reprogram the host immune system through sustained inhibition of host melanization while simultaneously functioning as immune effectors to compensate for this suppression. In addition, we provided evidence that CvT-serpin8 and 10 participate in the regulation of host trehalose and lipid levels by affecting genes involved in these metabolic pathways. These findings illustrate an exquisite tactic by which parasitoids win out in the parasite-host evolutionary arms race by manipulating host immune and nutrition homeostasis via adaptive gene evolution and neofunctionalization.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of transthoracic echocardiogram versus cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of left ventricular thrombus
Authors: YuZhi Phuah, Ying Xin Tan, Sheref Zaghloul, Sharmaine Sim, Joshua Wong, Saba Usmani, Lily Snell, Karish Thavabalan, Carmen Lucia García-Pérez, Niraj S Kumar, Hannah Glatzel, Reubeen Rashid Ahmad, Luciano Candilio, Jonathan J H Bray, Mahmood Ahmed, Rui Providencia
Journal:  (2023)

Abstract Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the most commonly used imaging modality to diagnose left ventricular thrombus (LVT), however, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) remains the gold standard investigation. A comparison of the diagnostic performance between two modalities is needed to inform guidelines on a diagnostic approach towards LVT. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic performance of three methods of TTE (non-contrast, contrast, and apical wall motion scoring) for the detection of LVT compared to CMR as a reference test. Studies comprising 2113 patients investigated for LVT using both TTE and CMR were included in the meta-analysis. For non-contrast TTE, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 47% [95% confidence interval (CI): 32–62%], and 98% (95% CI: 96–99%), respectively. In contrast, TTE pooled sensitivity and specificity values were 58% (95% CI: 46–69%), and 98% (95% CI: 96–99%), respectively. Apical wall motion scoring on non-contrast TTE yielded a sensitivity of 100% [95% CI: 93–100%] and a specificity of 54% (95% CI: 42–65%). The area under the curve (AUC) values from our summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) for non-contrast and contrast TTE were 0.87 and 0.86 respectively, with apical wall motion studies having the highest AUC of 0.93. Despite high specificity, routine contrast and non-contrast TTE are likely to miss a significant number of LVT, making it a suboptimal screening tool. The addition of apical wall motion scoring provides a promising method to reliably identify patients requiring further investigations for LVT, whilst excluding others from unnecessary testing.
GIS-Based Assessments of Neighborhood Food Environments and Chronic Conditions: An Overview of Methodologies
Authors: Kurubaran Ganasegeran, Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf, Nazarudin Safian, Lance A. Waller, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Feisul Idzwan Mustapha
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2023)

The industrial revolution and urbanization fundamentally restructured populations' living circumstances, often with poor impacts on health. As an example, unhealthy food establishments may concentrate in some neighborhoods and, mediated by social and commercial drivers, increase local health risks. To understand the connections between neighborhood food environments and public health, researchers often use geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics to analyze place-based evidence, but such tools require careful application and interpretation. In this article, we summarize the factors shaping neighborhood health in relation to local food environments and outline the use of GIS methodologies to assess associations between the two. We provide an overview of available data sources, analytical approaches, and their strengths and weaknesses. We postulate next steps in GIS integration with forecasting, prediction, and simulation measures to frame implications for local health policies.
The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and Its Abbreviated Version: A Critical Review of Clinimetric Properties
Authors: Guy Chouinard, Fiammetta Cosci, Virginie-Anne Chouinard, Larry Alphs
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2023)

The Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale - Abbreviated (ESRS-A) is an abbreviated version of the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) with instructions, definitions, and a semi-structured interview that follows clinimetric concepts of measuring clinical symptoms. Similar to the ESRS, the ESRS-A was developed to assess four types of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMD): parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD).
Celebrating wildlife population recovery through education
Authors: Gioele Passoni, Tim Coulson, Francesca Cagnacci
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)

Large mammal populations are rapidly recovering across Europe, yet people have not readapted to living with wild animals, resulting in human–wildlife conflict. We believe that society should unite to make the most of the instances of nature recovery, and propose science and education as the key to success.
Communicating scientific advice: lessons from the UK covid-19 inquiry
Authors: Martin McKee
Journal: BMJ (2023)

The clue is in the name.Scientific advisers to politicians must first have a good understanding of science, including not just the physical and biological sciences, but also the social and political sciences.Second, they must also be able to communicate their advice in ways that are understood. 1 The UK's covid-19 inquiry has highlighted the challenges that arise in both of these roles.
A systematic review and narrative analysis of digital speech biomarkers in Motor Neuron Disease
Authors: Molly Bowden, Emily Beswick, Johnny Tam, David Perry, Alice Smith, Judy Newton, Siddharthan Chandran, Oliver Watts, Suvankar Pal
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Abstract Motor Neuron Disease (MND) is a progressive and largely fatal neurodegeneritve disorder with a lifetime risk of approximately 1 in 300. At diagnosis, up to 25% of people with MND (pwMND) exhibit bulbar dysfunction. Currently, pwMND are assessed using clinical examination and diagnostic tools including the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS(R)), a clinician-administered questionnaire with a single item on speech intelligibility. Here we report on the use of digital technologies to assess speech features as a marker of disease diagnosis and progression in pwMND. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and EMBASE were systematically searched. 40 studies were evaluated including 3670 participants; 1878 with a diagnosis of MND. 24 studies used microphones, 5 used smartphones, 6 used apps, 2 used tape recorders and 1 used the Multi-Dimensional Voice Programme (MDVP) to record speech samples. Data extraction and analysis methods varied but included traditional statistical analysis, CSpeech, MATLAB and machine learning (ML) algorithms. Speech features assessed also varied and included jitter, shimmer, fundamental frequency, intelligible speaking rate, pause duration and syllable repetition. Findings from this systematic review indicate that digital speech biomarkers can distinguish pwMND from healthy controls and can help identify bulbar involvement in pwMND. Preliminary evidence suggests digitally assessed acoustic features can identify more nuanced changes in those affected by voice dysfunction. No one digital speech biomarker alone is consistently able to diagnose or prognosticate MND. Further longitudinal studies involving larger samples are required to validate the use of these technologies as diagnostic tools or prognostic biomarkers.
Bridging between hype and implementation in medical extended reality
Authors: Oscar Freyer, Stephen Gilbert
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

The path to market and to a meaningful impact on care delivery for medical extended reality (MXR) is challenging, due to limitations with current display technologies and as the MXR approach is far away from the traditional practice of medicine and the daily experience of most patients or healthcare providers. Focused conferences, which bring together all stakeholders for free communication and the brainstorming of optimal approaches to design, validation, and regulatory approval are important and are being organized by the clinician-enthusiast and developer community. These conferences and the community spirit they inspire are models for other digital health subdomains.
ASCO Ethical Guidance for the Practical Management of Oncology Drug Shortages
Authors: Andrew Hantel, Rebecca Spence, Polo Camacho, Angela R. Bradbury, Avram E. Denburg, Reshma Jagsi, Beverly Moy, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Abby R. Rosenberg, Banu Symington, Jonathan M. Marron, Jeffrey Peppercorn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)
Pregnant women in Gaza face perilous conditions as maternity services and infrastructure crumble
Authors: Soraida Hussein-Sabbah
Journal: BMJ (2023)

gender and advocacy specialist at ActionAid Spain For the estimated 50 000 pregnant women trapped in Gaza, the right to give birth in a safe place with appropriate healthcare has become a distant dream. 1 Only a permanent ceasefire will ensure they can seek and receive the medical care they need in safety.
Mind the Gap: A Multiprong Approach to Minimizing the Gap in Outcomes Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Melissa M. Hudson, Smita Bhatia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2023)

Article Tools OVERVIEWS Special Series: Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.23.02240 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print December 7, 2023 PMID: 38060999 Mind the Gap: A Multiprong Approach to Minimizing the Gap in Outcomes Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer Melissa M. Hudson , MD1xMelissa M. HudsonSearch for articles by this author and Smita Bhatia , MD, MPH, FASCO2xSmita BhatiaSearch for articles by this author Show More 1St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN2University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.23.02240 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2023 by American Society of Clinical OncologyAUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSConception and design: All authorsData analysis and interpretation: Melissa M. HudsonManuscript writing: All authorsFinal approval of manuscript: All authorsAccountable for all aspects of the work: All authorsAUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTERESTMind the Gap: A Multiprong Approach to Minimizing the Gap in Outcomes Among Adolescents and Young Adults With CancerThe following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated unless otherwise noted. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/authors/author-center.Open Payments is a public database containing information reported by companies about payments made to US-licensed physicians (Open Payments).Melissa M. HudsonEmployment: Consolidated Medical Practices of MemphisConsulting or Advisory Role: Oncology Research Information Exchange Network, Princess Máxima Center, VIVA Foundation SingaporeSmita BhatiaThis author is an Associate Editor for Journal of Clinical Oncology. Journal policy recused the author from having any role in the peer review of this manuscript.No other potential conflicts of interest were reported.