tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Resuscitative Thoracotomy for Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zane B. Perkins, Robert Greenhalgh, Ewoud ter Avest, Shadman Aziz, Andrew Whitehouse, Steve Read, Liz Foster, Frank Chege, Christine Henry, Richard Carden, Laura Kocierz, Gareth Davies, Tom Hurst, Robbie Lendrum, Stephen H. Thomas, David J. Lockey, Michael D. Christian
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) presents a critical challenge in trauma care, often occurring rapidly after injury before effective interventions are available. To evaluate the association of prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy with survival outcomes for TCA. This retrospective cohort study examined all cases of prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy for TCA in London from January 1999 to December 2019. Data were analyzed from July 2022 to July 2023. Prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy for TCA. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included survival to hospital admission and neurological status at discharge. Prehospital resuscitative thoracotomy was undertaken in 601 patients with out-of-hospital TCA. The median (IQR) age was 25 (20-37) years; 538 (89.5%) were male and 63 (10.5%) female. A total of 529 patients (88.0%) had a penetrating mechanism of injury. TCA occurred at a median (IQR) of 12 (6-22) minutes after the emergency call, with 491 arrests (81.7%) before the advanced trauma team's arrival. TCA was the result of cardiac tamponade (105 patients, 17.5%), exsanguination (418 patients, 69.6%), and exsanguination combined with cardiac tamponade (72 patients, 12.0%). Thirty patients (5.0%) survived to hospital discharge, with a favorable neurological outcome observed in 23 survivors (76.6%). Survival varied significantly with the cause of TCA: 22 of 105 patients (21%) with cardiac tamponade, 8 of 418 patients (1.9%) with exsanguination, and none of the 72 patients with combined or other pathologies survived. There were no survivors beyond 15 minutes of TCA for cardiac tamponade and 5 minutes after exsanguination. Multivariable analysis revealed that the cause of TCA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 21.1; 95% CI, 8.1-54.7; P < .001), duration of TCA (aOR, 20.9; 95% CI, 4.4-100.6, P < .001), and absence of the need for internal cardiac massage (AOR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.06-0.5; P = .001) were independently associated with survival. TCA occurs soon after injury, with only a brief window available for effective intervention. This study found that resuscitative thoracotomy is feasible in a mature, physician-led, urban prehospital system and is associated with improved survival for patients with out-of-hospital TCA, particularly when caused by cardiac tamponade, in situations where other treatment options are limited.
Treatment of Cutaneous Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 With MEK Inhibitor Selumetinib
Authors: Andrea M. Gross, Olivia H. Reid, Lauren A. Baldwin, Ashley Cannon, Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba, Seth M. Steinberg, Mina Lobbous, Pamela L. Wolters, Dominique C. Pichard, Cecilia M. Tibery, Eva Dombi, Joanne Derdak, Brigitte C. Widemann, Bruce R. Korf
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) can cause itching, disfigurement, pain, and emotional difficulties in people with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). To determine the impact of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor selumetinib on cNF including change in tumor volume and patient-reported outcome measures. Adults with NF1 and 9 or more measurable cNFs were enrolled in this nonrandomized pilot trial at the National Cancer Institute and the University of Alabama at Birmingham, which spanned from August 26, 2017, to August 21, 2023. Participants received selumetinib for up to 24 cycles (1 cycle = 28 days) with restaging visits after every 4 cycles. Photography and volumetric measurements of cNFs using calipers were used to evaluate the number and volume of tumors. Participants completed the Skindex-29 Quality of Life assessment to quantify the effect of treatment on symptoms, functioning, emotions, itching, and pain. Among the 11 participants who enrolled, the median (range) age was 54 (28-75) years, and 6 were female. The median (IQR) best response across all participants and tumors was a -28.5% (-40.9% to -12.5%) decrease in cNF volume from baseline. Some participants showed a visible improvement in cNF burden while receiving treatment in standardized photographs. The median (range) duration of treatment was 9 cycles (1-24), with only 4 participants completing the full 24 cycles of treatment. Two of these participants continued treatment beyond the original 24 cycles due to perceived clinical benefit. All participants experienced at least 1 reversible drug-related adverse event (AE), with cutaneous AEs such as dry skin and rash being the most common. Two participants were removed from treatment due to concern for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. While the Skindex-29 assessment showed improvement in emotion scores after cycle 1, there were no other significant or durable changes in scores. In this nonrandomized pilot trial, selumetinib resulted in some decrease in cNF volume; however, there was no sustained improvement in patient-reported outcome measures. Study enrollment was incomplete, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlights the challenges of treating patients with cNF with a drug that often leads to dermatologic AEs. Future larger studies using other measurement techniques, such as 3-dimensional photography, could help to yield results that are more generalizable to the phenotypically diverse NF1 population. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02839720.
Equity in Neonatal Intestinal Failure—No Organ Left Behind
Authors: Shweta S. Namjoshi, Valeria C. Cohran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Vikram K. Raghu, MD, MS; Sirine Belaid, MD; Susan Gutierrez, MD; Pamela Holzer, BSN, RN; Shelby Orris, BSN, RN; Scott Rothenberger, PhD; Tracey Presel, MSN, RN, CPNP-PC/AC; Kimberly Ackerman, MSN, RN, CPNP-PC/AC; Feras Alissa, MD; Dale King, MD; Jennifer Woo Baidal, MD, MPH; Jeffrey A. Rudolph, MD; Geoffrey Bond, MD; George V. Mazariegos, MD; Simon P. Horslen, MBChB; Kenneth J. Smith, MD, MS
A New Legal Standard for Medical Malpractice
Authors: Daniel G. Aaron, Christopher T. Robertson, Louise P. King, William M. Sage
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Patients in the US have persistent needs for safe, evidence-based care. Physicians in the US report fear of liability risk and the need to practice "defensive medicine." In 2024, the American Law Institute revised the legal standard for assessing medical negligence. Understanding the implications of this change is crucial for balancing patient safety, physician autonomy, and the legal system's role in health care. The updated standard from the American Law Institute shifts away from the traditional reliance on customary practice toward a more patient-centered concept of reasonable medical care. Although this revised standard still includes elements of prevailing medical practice, it defines reasonable care as the skill and knowledge regarded as competent among similar medical clinicians under comparable circumstances and acknowledges that, in some cases, juries can override customary practices if they fall short of contemporary standards. The restatement also embraces evidence-based practice guidelines, while leaving questions open about the variations in the quality of those guidelines. The restatement makes additional recommendations regarding informed consent and other aspects of physician-patient communication. The new standard of care from the American Law Institute represents a shift away from strict reliance on medical custom and invites courts to incorporate evidence-based medicine into malpractice law. Although states may adopt the recommendations from the American Law Institute at different times and to varying degrees, the restatement offers health professionals and the organizations in which they practice an opportunity to reconsider how medical negligence will be assessed, and to focus more directly on promoting patient safety and improving care delivery. Nonetheless, physicians should recognize that, at least for now, many courts will continue to rely significantly on prevailing practice in assessing medical liability.
Unintentional Fentanyl Use Detected in Hair of People With HIV Risk Using Methamphetamine
Authors: Ayesha Appa, Matthew A. Spinelli, Marjan Javanbakht, M. J. Heise, Hideaki Okochi, Alexander R. Bazazi, Phillip Coffin, Pamina M. Gorbach, Monica Gandhi
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This study assessed hair samples to detect fentanyl exposure among people with or at risk of HIV reporting methamphetamine use without intention to use opioids concomitantly.
Patterns and Clinical Implications of Misdiagnosis in Dermatomyositis
Authors: Aaron Bao, Saloni Patel, Christopher A. Mecoli, William Kelly, Jemima Albayda, Brittany Adler, Julie Paik, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Eleni Tiniakou, Jun Kang
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This cohort study examines the prevalence and outcomes of misdiagnosing dermatomyositis or clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis diagnosis.
Long‐Term Safety and Efficacy of Mepolizumab in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Michael E Wechsler, Jared Silver, Gerhard Wolff, Robert G Price, Rejina Verghis, Peter F Weller, Peter A Merkel, Paneez Khoury
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Objectives Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare, relapsing, inflammatory disease. Management of EGPA predominantly relies on oral corticosteroids (OCS), which are associated with many adverse effects. The Phase III MIRRA trial demonstrated efficacy and safety of mepolizumab, anti‐interleukin‐5 biologic, for EGPA. This open‐label extension (OLE) of MIRRA assessed long‐term safety and OCS‐sparing effects of mepolizumab. Methods The OLE (NCT03298061) was a multicenter study that enrolled patients from MIRRA who required OCS ≥5 mg/day up to 6 months after the end of MIRRA. All patients received mepolizumab 300 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks plus standard‐of‐care until mepolizumab was discontinued or became approved and re‐imbursed for EGPA in the respective country. Key outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and use of OCS. Results One hundred patients were enrolled in the OLE. Mean (standard deviation) and median (min, max) exposure during OLE was 38.5 (27.0) and 27.0 (1.0, 89.0) months. On‐treatment AEs were experienced by 98% of patients (43% treatment‐related; most frequent: injection‐site reaction [10%]) and serious AEs by 38% of patients (6% treatment‐related) with no new safety signals versus MIRRA identified. Median (Q1, Q3) OCS dose decreased from 10.0 (7.8, 15.0) mg/day at OLE baseline to 5.0 (0.0, 10.0) mg/day at study exit. Proportion of patients using OCS &gt;7.5 mg/day decreased from 75% at baseline to 32% at study exit; 28% of patients discontinued OCS. Conclusion Long‐term use of mepolizumab to treat EGPA was well tolerated and resulted in sustained reductions in OCS use.
Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis—Reply
Authors: Neil J. Craig, David E. Newby, Marc R. Dweck
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Balancing Concerns—AI and Moral Agency in Medicine
Authors: Somogy Varga, Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Tofacitinib for Treatment of Acquired Reactive Perforating Collagenosis
Authors: Ruiqing Yuan, Guizhi Zhou, Hong Liu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This case report describes a woman in her 50s with type 2 diabetes who presented with multiple erythematous dome-shaped umbilicated papules and nodules with scablike central plugs on the trunk and limbs.
Sustained <scp>IFN</scp> Signature Suppression with Anifrolumab in a <scp>SAVI</scp> patient Refractory to <scp>JAK</scp> Inhibitor and Dazukibart Therapy
Authors: Sara Alehashemi, Bjoern Buehring, Adriana A de Jesus, Sachin Gaurav, Andre Rastegar, Alexi Baumgardner, Kip Friend, Oluwatobi T. Arisa, William D. Figg, Danielle Fink, Douglas B. Kuhns, Ben Colton, Cody J Peer, Raphaela Goldbach‐Mansky
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Objective To report the efficacy and safety of interferon‐β (IFNβ) neutralizing monoclonal antibody (dazukibart), followed by treatment with anti‐IFNAR1 antibody (anifrolumab), in a patient with STING‐associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) who had vasculitic ulcers and systemic inflammation refractory to Janus kinase inhibition (JAKi). Methods A SAVI patient with a de novo STING1 p.(Asn154Ser) mutation, a known pathogenic variant, and uncontrolled disease received twenty‐one doses of dazukibart under a compassionate use investigational new drug (IND) protocol, followed by treatment with the anti‐IFNAR1 antibody anifrolumab. Clinical and laboratory parameters, including wound healing, whole‐blood type I interferon (IFN I) signature, and safety markers were closely monitored throughout both treatment periods. Results Despite initial reductions in C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels and IFN I scores following dazukibart administration, the patient experienced rebound inflammation and recurrent vasculitic lesions. Dazukibart dose adjustments failed to sustainably control IFN I signaling. Subsequent combination therapy of baricitinib and tocilizumab proved partially effective. Treatment with anifrolumab, an IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR1) blocker, in conjunction with tocilizumab, led to sustained suppression of IFN I scores, allowed discontinuation of JAKi, and resulted in significant improvement in vasculitic wounds. Conclusion This case underscores the challenges in treating SAVI patients and highlights the utility of IFN I scores as a theragnostic biomarker. While high‐dose JAKi, and dazukibart failed to achieve sustained control of IFN I signaling, treatment with anifrolumab durably suppressed IFN scores and demonstrated promising efficacy, allowing investigation of the role of IFN I signaling in the disease pathogenesis of SAVI and other interferonopathies in future clinical trials.
Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Kensuke Matsushita, Kengo Terasaka, Kiyoshi Hibi
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What Counts for Worsening Heart Failure Events
Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, Adrian F. Hernandez, James E. Udelson, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Radiomics for Treatment Planning in Liver Cancers
Authors: Areeb Mian, Konstantinos Kamnitsas, Alex Gordon-Weeks
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

This Surgical Innovation delves into the transformative potential of radiomics in liver cancer treatment, highlighting its advancements in pretreatment prognosis, noninvasive tumor profiling, and treatment response prediction, thus paving the way for more personalized therapeutic strategies.
Early Intervention in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Myocardial Fibrosis
Authors: Yuan-yuan Pei
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Balancing Concerns—AI and Moral Agency in Medicine—Reply
Authors: Sarah C. Hull, Joseph J. Fins
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Bias in Treatment of Claudication—Where Do We Go From Here?
Authors: Jason M. Johanning
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal