tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep dive into water-aided colonoscopy – underwater techniques without a splash
Authors: Felix W. Leung
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

The infusion of water to aid colonoscopy dates back over several decades, with the evolution of the practice having covered many techniques. Investigators and practitioners have employed a combination of gas (air or CO2) and water without suction of the infused water during insertion (water immersion), or infusion of water with removal of water and debris, as well as residual gas, during insertion (water exchange), and underwater resection to remove lesions [1]. Underwater resection entails the immersion of polyps in water to assist polypectomy, underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR), and underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (UESD). The technique without gas instillation reduces colonic distension and elongation, minimizing loop formation, decreasing pain, and enhancing the success of insertion in unsedated patients. Water exchange with the removal of infused water along with colonic debris during insertion improves the quality of bowel preparation during withdrawal in both unsedated and sedated patients, and minimizes cleaning-associated distractions in the search for polyps. Quality improvement with water exchange has shown increases in the adenoma detection rate, with the immersion of the polyps in water enhancing completeness and ensuring the safety of lesion removal.
Should the patient stay or go after ERCP: the promise of patient-reported experience measures
Authors: James Buxbaum
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

While minimally invasive, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy (ERCP) involves the most delicate regions of the human body. Even technically "perfect" procedures may be complicated by adverse events. Indeed, post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the leading endoscopic complication occurring in 10.2% overall and 14.1% of patients with intrinsic (e.g. suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction) or technical (e.g. difficult cannulation) risk factors [1]. Despite decades of effort dedicated to prediction of PEP, it remains an imperfect science [2] [3].
Point-of-care ultrasound in Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Authors: Nagasri Shankar, Lily Kuo, Noa Krugliak Cleveland, Benjamin Galen, Nicholas S Samel, Ariadna Perez-Sanchez, Robert Nathanson, Elizabeth Coss, Juan Echavarria, David T Rubin, Nilam J Soni
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2025)

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is changing the practice of nearly all specialties and is increasingly being incorporated as a bedside tool by more gastroenterologists and hepatologists. POCUS is most often used to answer focused clinical questions, supplement the traditional physical examination, and guide performance of invasive bedside procedures. This review describes several common POCUS applications used in gastroenterology and hepatology, as well as some novel applications that warrant further investigation.
Implantable physical sensors for in vivo organ monitoring
Authors: Xuan Li, Xinghao Huang, Liheng Yang, Sunyoung Jung, Jihe Wang, Hangbo Zhao
Journal: Med-X (2025)

Abstract Implantable sensors can provide access to accurate, continuous, and minimally invasive monitoring of physiological signals from internal organs and tissues, thereby facilitating timely diagnosis, closed-loop intervention, and advanced health management. Among the various types of implantable sensors, those capable of measuring physical parameters–such as temperature, force, and flow–are particularly important due to their ability to monitor physical conditions critical to nearly all organs and to provide insights into a wide range of health conditions. This review presents recent progress in four key types of implantable physical sensors: strain sensors, pressure sensors, temperature sensors, and flow sensors. It covers their engineering principles, design considerations, in vivo performances, and clinical relevance. The review also addresses critical challenges and future opportunities in the development of implantable physical sensors, such as flexibility and stretchability, biocompatibility, long-term stability, and the translation of these sensing technologies from bench to clinic. Graphical Abstract
RE: Enhancing Capacity for Primary Care Research in Cancer Survivorship: National Cancer Institute Meeting Report
Authors: Sean P McClellan, Dulce Adelaida Rivera-Avila, Eduardo Cardenas, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda, J Andrew Dykens, Stevan M Weine, Marian Fitzgibbon, Patricia Ganz, Carmen García-Peña
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)
Expanded Recommendations for Use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Among Adults Aged ≥50 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 2024
Authors: Miwako Kobayashi, Andrew J. Leidner, Ryan Gierke, Wei Xing, Emma Accorsi, Pedro Moro, Mini Kamboj, George A. Kuchel, Robert Schechter, Jamie Loehr, Adam L. Cohen
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Before October 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended use of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) for all adults aged ≥65 years, as well as for those aged 19-64 years with risk conditions for pneumococcal disease who have not received a PCV or whose vaccination history is unknown.Options included either 20-valent PCV (PCV20; Prevnar20; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals) or 21-valent PCV (PCV21; CAPVAXIVE; Merck Sharp & Dohme) alone or 15-valent PCV (PCV15; VAXNEUVANCE; Merck Sharp & Dohme) in series with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax23; Merck Sharp & Dohme).There are additional recommendations for use of PCV20 or PCV21 for adults who started their pneumococcal vaccination series with 13-valent PCV (PCV13; Prevnar13; Wyeth Pharmaceuticals).The ACIP Pneumococcal Vaccines Work Group employed the Evidence to Recommendations framework to guide its deliberations on expanding the age-based PCV recommendation to include adults aged 50-64 years.On October 23, 2024, ACIP recommended a single dose of PCV for all PCV-naïve adults aged ≥50 years.Recommendations for PCVs among adults aged 19-49 years with risk conditions and PCV13-vaccinated adults have not changed from previous recommendations.This report summarizes evidence considered for these recommendations and provides updated clinical guidance for use of PCV.
Development and validation of a molecular classifier of meningiomas
Authors: Alexander P Landry, Justin Z Wang, Jeff Liu, Vikas Patil, Chloe Gui, Zeel Patel, Andrew Ajisebutu, Yosef Ellenbogen, Qingxia Wei, Olivia Singh, Julio Sosa, Sheila Mansouri, Christopher Wilson, Aaron A Cohen-Gadol, Mohamed A Zaazoue, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Marcos Tatagiba, Felix Behling, Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan, Andrew E Sloan, Silky Chotai, Lola B Chambless, Alexander D Rebchuk, Serge Makarenko, Stephen Yip, Alireza Mansouri, Derek S Tsang, Kenneth Aldape, Andrew Gao, Farshad Nassiri, Gelareh Zadeh
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Abstract Background Meningiomas exhibit considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity. We previously identified four distinct molecular groups (immunogenic, NF2-wildtype, hypermetabolic, proliferative) that address much of this heterogeneity. Despite the utility of these groups, the stochasticity of clustering methods and the use of multi-omics data for discovery limits the potential for classifying prospective cases. We sought to address this with a dedicated classifier. Methods Using an international cohort of 1698 meningiomas, we constructed and rigorously validated a machine learning-based molecular classifier using only DNA methylation data as input. Original and newly-predicted molecular groups were compared using DNA methylation, RNA sequencing, copy number profiles, whole exome sequencing, and clinical outcomes. Results We show that group-specific outcomes in the validation cohort are nearly identical to those originally described, with median PFS of 7.4 (4.9-Inf) years in hypermetabolic tumors and 2.5 (2.3-5.3) years in proliferative tumors (not reached in the other groups). Tumors classified as NF2-wildtype had no NF2 mutations, and 51.4% had canonical mutations previously described in this group. RNA pathway analysis revealed upregulation of immune-related pathways in the immunogenic group, metabolic pathways in the hypermetabolic group and cell-cycle programs in the proliferative group. Bulk deconvolution similarly revealed enrichment of macrophages in immunogenic tumours and neoplastic cells in hypermetabolic and proliferative tumours with similar proportions to those originally described. Conclusions Our DNA methylation-based classifier, which is publicly available for immediate clinical use, recapitulates the biology and outcomes of the original molecular groups as assessed using multiple metrics/platforms that were not used in its training.
Relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases: A bibliometric and visual study
Authors: Gaetano Isola, Alessandro Polizzi, Sara Serra, Mattia Boato, Anton Sculean
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2025)

Abstract To provide a comprehensive and updated mapping of observational studies assessing the relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases through a bibliometric and visual analysis. A search was conducted using the Web of Science database, covering the period 1989 to 2024. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) from the US National Library of Medicine was used to categorize systemic conditions, focusing on terms unrelated to stomatognathic diseases. The analysis included keyword co‐occurrence mapping, co‐authorship, bibliographic coupling, and co‐citation analysis. Quality indicators such as silhouette score, modularity, and centrality were considered to assess the network's quality. The research strategy identified 6106 records, of which 1519 met the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that 46.73% of the literature on the topic was published in the last 5 years and that the annual publication trend peaked in 2023. Nutritional &amp; Metabolic Diseases ( n = 398), Cardiovascular Diseases ( n = 335), Female Urogenital Diseases &amp; Pregnancy Complications ( n = 244), and Musculoskeletal Diseases ( n = 182) were the most representative categories of systemic diseases associated with periodontitis. The most co‐cited journals on the topic were the Journal of Periodontology ( n = 1412), the Journal of Clinical Periodontology ( n = 1343), the Journal of Dental Research ( n = 940), and Periodontology 2000 ( n = 849). The USA, China, Brazil, and Sweden were the countries that contributed the most to the number of publications. The analysis conducted in the present study revealed a growing trend of observational studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases, highlighting the negative impact of periodontitis on a plethora of systemic conditions and a rising translational interest in this relationship. With an aging population, periodontitis is expected to affect a growing number of people in the coming decades, presenting significant challenges to public health. Improved knowledge is, therefore, essential to enable more comprehensive care, preventive strategies, and optimal oral health for patients with periodontitis.
Management of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in general hospital settings
Authors: Kristopher A Kast, S Alex Sidelnik, Shamim H Nejad, Joji Suzuki
Journal: BMJ (2025)

Abstract The covid-19 pandemic was associated with an unprecedented increase in alcohol consumption and associated morbidity, including hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal. Clinicians based in hospitals must be ready to identify, assess, risk-stratify, and treat alcohol withdrawal with evidence based interventions. In this clinically focused review, we outline the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, screening, assessment, and treatment of alcohol withdrawal in the general hospital population. We review and summarize studies addressing the drug treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndromes in inpatient populations, with a focus on the use of benzodiazepine drugs, phenobarbital, antiseizure drugs, and α-2 adrenergic drugs. Emerging areas of interest include the use of novel alcohol biomarkers, risk stratification instruments, alternative symptom severity scales, severe withdrawal syndromes resistant to benzodiazepine drugs, and treatment protocol variations–including non-symptom-triggered and benzodiazepine-sparing protocols. We identify key areas for research including identification of populations who will benefit from non-benzodiazepine strategies, more individualized risk stratification approaches to guide treatment, and greater inclusion of gender and racial and ethnic minorities in future studies.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Severe Health Outcomes Linked to Consumption of Mushroom-Based Psychoactive Microdosing Products — Arizona, June–October 2024
Authors: Heather L. Walker, Maureen Roland, Steven Dudley, Kenneth Komatsu, Joli Weiss, Jamaica Dillard, Hsin-I Lin, Laura Rust, Traci Plummer, Rachel Berg, Stephen Everett, Arthur Chang, Michael Yeh, Johnni Daniel, Shane Brady
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

In June 2024, Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) was notified by Arizona's poison control centers (PCCs)* of adverse health outcomes occurring after ingestion of a Diamond Shruumz-brand product containing proprietary blends of mushroom extracts and adaptogens.† These products were sold as chocolate bars, gummies, and cones and could be purchased online or at local retailers nationwide.§ Availability of similar products containing psychoactive compounds is increasing, with some known to contain unlabeled psychoactive substances (1,2).This report describes findings from a national outbreak of illness associated with ingestion of Diamond Shruumz-brand products.This activity was reviewed by CDC, deemed not research, and was conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.¶
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing
Authors: Janis M Taube, Joel C Sunshine, Michael Angelo, Guray Akturk, Margaret Eminizer, Logan L Engle, Cláudia S Ferreira, Sacha Gnjatic, Benjamin Green, Shirley Greenbaum, Noah F Greenwald, Cyrus V Hedvat, Travis J Hollmann, Daniel Jiménez-Sánchez, Konstanty Korski, Ana Lako, Edwin R Parra, Marlon C Rebelatto, David L Rimm, Scott J Rodig, Jamie Rodriguez-Canales, Jeffrey S Roskes, Kurt A Schalper, Emanuel Schenck, Keith E Steele, Michael J Surace, Alexander S Szalay, Michael T Tetzlaff, Ignacio I Wistuba, Jennifer H Yearley, Carlo B Bifulco
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2025)

Objectives Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force. The current effort represents a complementary manuscript for mIHC/IF analysis focused on the associated image analysis and data management. Methods The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer convened a task force of pathologists and laboratory leaders from academic centers as well as experts from pharmaceutical and diagnostic companies to develop best practice guidelines for the quantitative image analysis of mIHC/IF output and data management considerations. Results Best-practice approaches for image acquisition, color deconvolution and spectral unmixing, tissue and cell segmentation, phenotyping, and algorithm verification are reviewed. Additional quality control (QC) measures such as batch-to-batch correction and QC for assembled images are also discussed. Recommendations for sharing raw outputs, processed results, key analysis programs and source code, and representative photomicrographs from mIHC/IF assays are included. Lastly, multi-institutional harmonization efforts are described. Conclusions mIHC/IF technologies are maturing and are routinely included in research studies and moving towards clinical use. Guidelines for how to perform and standardize image analysis on mIHC/IF-stained slides will likely contribute to more comparable results across laboratories and pave the way for clinical implementation. A checklist encompassing these two-part guidelines for the generation of robust data from quantitative mIHC/IF assays will be provided in a third publication from this task force. While the current effort is mainly focused on best practices for characterizing the tumor microenvironment, these principles are broadly applicable to any mIHC/IF assay and associated image analysis.
Occupational Exposure to Mercury at an Electronics Waste and Lamp Recycling Facility — Ohio, 2023
Authors: Dallas S. Shi, Melissa Charles, Catherine Beaucham, Sheldon Walker, Walter Alarcon, Scott E. Brueck, Sophia K. Chiu, Nicholas Somerville
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Workers in electronics waste and lamp recycling facilities are at risk of exposure to elemental mercury through inhalation of mercury vapor and mercury-containing dust.Employers at an electronics waste and lamp recycling facility in Ohio that crushes mercury-containing lamps expressed concerns about mercury exposure from work processes and requested a health hazard evaluation by CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).In April 2023, NIOSH conducted a multidisciplinary investigation to assess elemental and inorganic mercury exposures, including epidemiologic, environmental, and ventilation assessments.Results indicated that mercury vapor was detected throughout the facility, with six of 14 workers having elevated urine mercury levels.These workers had a median job tenure of 8 months; four did not speak English, and five reported symptoms consistent with mercury toxicity, such as metallic or bitter taste, difficulty thinking, and changes in personality.Recommendations included improving the ventilation system, changing work practices to reduce mercury exposure, and providing training and communication tailored to the worker.As the electronic waste recycling industry continues to grow, it is important for employers to evaluate mercury exposure and safeguard employees using a hierarchy of controls.Health departments should consider monitoring occupational mercury exposure in recycling facilities, and clinicians should be aware of the potential for mercury toxicity among workers in these settings.
Brain aging and rejuvenation at single-cell resolution
Authors: Eric D. Sun, Rahul Nagvekar, Angela N. Pogson, Anne Brunet
Journal: Neuron (2025)

SummaryBrain aging leads to a decline in cognitive function and a concomitant increase in the susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A key question is how changes within individual cells of the brain give rise to age-related dysfunction. Developments in single-cell "omics" technologies, such as single-cell transcriptomics, have facilitated high-dimensional profiling of individual cells. These technologies have led to new and comprehensive characterizations of brain aging at single-cell resolution. Here, we review insights gleaned from single-cell omics studies of brain aging, starting with a cell-type-centric overview of age-associated changes and followed by a discussion of cell-cell interactions during aging. We highlight how single-cell omics studies provide an unbiased view of different rejuvenation interventions and comment on the promise of combinatorial rejuvenation approaches for the brain. Finally, we propose new directions, including models of brain aging and neural stem cells as a focal point for rejuvenation.
Clec12a controls colitis by tempering inflammation and restricting expansion of specific commensals
Authors: Tyson R. Chiaro, Morgan Greenewood, Kaylyn M. Bauer, Kyla S. Ost, Emmanuel Stephen-Victor, Michaela Murphy, Allison M. Weis, Morgan C. Nelson, Jennifer H. Hill, Rickesha Bell, Warren Voth, Taylor Jackson, Kendra A. Klag, Ryan M. O’Connell, W. Zac Stephens, June L. Round
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2025)
Toward a functional future for the cognitive neuroscience of human aging
Authors: Zoya Mooraj, Alireza Salami, Karen L Campbell, Martin J Dahl, Julian Q Kosciessa, Matthew R Nassar, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Fergus I M Craik, Ulman Lindenberger, Ulrich Mayr, M Natasha Rajah, Naftali Raz, Lars Nyberg, Douglas D Garrett
Journal: Neuron (2025)
Deficiency of histamine H2 receptors in parvalbumin-positive neurons leads to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and impaired attention
Authors: Dadao An, Yi You, Qianyi Ma, Zhengyi Xu, Zonghan Liu, Ruichu Liao, Han Chen, Yiquan Wang, Yi Wang, Haibin Dai, Haohong Li, Lei Jiang, Zhong Chen, Weiwei Hu
Journal: Neuron (2025)
Identification of optimal portal pressure decrease to control ascites while minimizing hepatic encephalopathy after TIPS: A multicenter study
Authors: Martin A. Kabelitz, Lukas Hartl, Golda Schaub, Anja Tiede, Hannah Rieland, Andrea Kornfehl, Peter Hübener, Mathias Jachs, Jan Hinrichs, Sarah L. Schütte, Christoph Riedel, Jim B. Mauz, Tammo L. Tergast, Bernhard C. Meyer, Peter Bannas, Julia Kappel, Heiner Wedemeyer, Johannes Kluwe, Felix Piecha, Thomas Reiberger, Lisa Sandmann, Benjamin Maasoumy
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Background &amp; Aims: Clinically-significant portal hypertension (CSPH) in liver cirrhosis patients can lead to refractory ascites. A transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic shunt (TIPS) treats CSPH but may cause overt hepatic encephalopathy (oHE). Our aim was to determine the optimal reduction of the portal pressure gradient (PPG) via TIPS to control ascites without raising oHE risk. Approach: This multicenter study screened 1509 patients from three European centers (Hannover, Vienna, Hamburg) undergoing TIPS-implantation between 2000-2023. Patients with TIPS-indications other than refractory ascites/hepatic hydrothorax, vascular-liver-disease, hepatocellular-carcinoma or insufficient PPG data were excluded. PPG was measured before and after TIPS insertion. Outcome data was assessed up to one year after TIPS-insertion. Analyses were conducted utilizing a modern machine leaning model, namely a competing-risk (CR) random survival forest (RSF), partial-dependence-plots (PDP) and CR-analyses with liver transplantation/death as competitors. The cohort was divided into a 60% derivation and 40% validation cohort. Results: Overall, 729 patients (median MELD: 13 (IQR 10-16), 66% male, 23% oHE before TIPS) were analyzed. The derivation cohort comprised 438 and validation cohort 291 patients. The optimal PPG reduction, determined by maximally selected Grays-statistic and PDP of the RSF, was 60-80%. In this range, patients showed significantly fewer hepatic decompensations due to ascites (HDA) (sHR: 0.7 [0.52-0.96]) with similar oHE incidences (sHR: 0.92 [0.67-1.27]). The PPG range was confirmed in the validation cohort (HDA: sHR: 0.66 [0.46-0.96]; oHE: sHR: 0.89 [0.61-1.32]). Conclusions: A targeted PPG reduction of 60-80% showed significantly reduced HDA without increased oHE risk. Therefore, PPG reduction within this range could be a valid reduction target.