tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Mismatch Repair–Deficient Colon Cancer
Authors: Myriam Chalabi, Yara L. Verschoor, Pedro Batista Tan, Sara Balduzzi, Anja U. Van Lent, Cecile Grootscholten, Simone Dokter, Nikè V. Büller, Brechtje A. Grotenhuis, Koert Kuhlmann, Jacobus W. Burger, Inge L. Huibregtse, Tjeerd S. Aukema, Eduard R. Hendriks, Steven J. Oosterling, Petur Snaebjornsson, Emile E. Voest, Lodewyk F. Wessels, Regina G. Beets-Tan, Monique E. Van Leerdam, Ton N. Schumacher, José G. van den Berg, Geerard L. Beets, John B. Haanen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors can be found in 10 to 15% of patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer. In these patients, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited. The use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy has shown promising results, but data from studies of this approach are limited.
A systematic evaluation of seven different scores representing the EAT–Lancet reference diet and mortality, stroke, and greenhouse gas emissions in three cohorts
Authors: Anna Stubbendorff, Dalia Stern, Ulrika Ericson, Emily Sonestedt, Elinor Hallström, Yan Borné, Martin Lajous, Nita G Forouhi, Anja Olsen, Christina C Dahm, Daniel B Ibsen
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)
[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE plus long-acting octreotide versus high‑dose long-acting octreotide for the treatment of newly diagnosed, advanced grade 2–3, well-differentiated, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETTER-2): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 study
Authors: Simron Singh, Daniel Halperin, Sten Myrehaug, Ken Herrmann, Marianne Pavel, Pamela L Kunz, Beth Chasen, Salvatore Tafuto, Secondo Lastoria, Jaume Capdevila, Amparo García-Burillo, Do-Youn Oh, Changhoon Yoo, Thorvardur R Halfdanarson, Stephen Falk, Ilya Folitar, Yufen Zhang, Paola Aimone, Wouter W de Herder, Diego Ferone
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Success in Sight for Gene Editing
Authors: James W B Bainbridge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

The development of efficient new gene-editing techniques has improved the prospect of curative genetic medicines. In 2012, Jinek and colleagues described an adaptive immune system in single-cell organisms, in which clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) sequences target foreign DNA for cleavage by CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, highlighting the potential of this system for gene editing.1 CRISPR-Cas (also referred to as Cas9–guide RNA [gRNA]) technology has since been widely adopted as a versatile laboratory tool. In 2023, the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration approved the CRISPR-based therapy exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy), which is administered to harvested blood . . .
Small-Bowel Intussusception in a Child
Authors: Zhifeng Jiang, Aiqiao Feng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A 3-year-old boy who had been born prematurely had a 1-day history of intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Ultrasonography of the right lower abdomen showed a target-sign lesion.
A heart-stopping procedure: severe esophageal injury arising from difficulty in withdrawal of a motorized spiral enteroscope
Authors: Nicolás Felipe Prado Troya, María Luisa López García, Leire Irusta Olano, Ángel José Calderón García, Ana Belen Díaz-Roca, Ainara Merino Zubizarreta, Pilar Cabezudo Gil
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

We present the case of an 83-year-old man, with a history of heart disease and duodenal ulcer, who was admitted for syncope and a 5-day history of melena and anemia.
Double-snare resection technique: a new approach for treating rectal carcinoid tumors
Authors: Álvaro Rojas Sánchez, Fernando González-Panizo Tamargo, Carlos Carbonell-Blanco, Enrique Vazquez-Sequeros, Diego Juzgado Lucas
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic resection is the preferred treatment for rectal carcinoid tumors (NETs), with different techniques described in the literature. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is feasible and is associated with a low risk of adverse events but a significant risk for incomplete resection [1]. Advanced endoscopy resection techniques have better success in achieving R0 resections but are associated with a higher risk of adverse events, are time consuming, and require highly skilled endoscopists to perform them [2] [3] [4] [5]. We describe a new resection technique for rectal NETs <20 mm in diameter, the double-snare resection (DSR) technique, which may potentially overcome the aforementioned disadvantages.
Novel therapeutic endoscope facilitates endoscopic submucosal dissection of adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Kohei Morioka, Yusaku Takatori, Teppei Masunaga, Naohisa Yahagi, Takanori Kanai, Motohiko Kato
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of lesions at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) presents technical difficulties, with resection on the anal side presenting particular difficulties because of the steepness of the fornix [1]. Recently, a novel therapeutic endoscope has been reported as being useful for the treatment of lesions in the rectum and pharynx, organs with steep areas similar to those of the EGJ [2] [3]. Here, we report an endoscopic resection performed using the novel endoscope for a lesion at the EGJ extending into the fornix ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic recanalization of a completely obstructed colorectal anastomosis using magnets
Authors: Willian F. Igi, Isabela Andrina Ribeiro da Silva
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

A male patient who had undergone emergency loop colostomy because of intestinal obstruction secondary to a sigmoid colon tumor subsequently underwent elective rectosigmoidectomy. Endoscopy prior to bowel reconstruction revealed complete stenosis of the colorectal anastomosis ([Fig. 1]). A previous attempt at recanalization using a needle-knife was aborted due to perforation. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, the decision was made to perform magnetic compression anastomosis.
Knowledge, behaviours, practices, and expectations regarding climate change and environmental sustainability among health workers in France: a multicentre, cross-sectional study
Authors: Jérémy Guihenneuc, Guillaume Cambien, Pauline Blanc-Petitjean, Emeline Papin, Noëlle Bernard, Bernard Jourdain, Isabelle Barcos, Cécile Saez, Antoine Dupuis, Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot, Virginie Migeot
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)
Novel endoscopic management for acute diverticulitis with localized abscess
Authors: Hai-Bin Zhang, Ben-Song Duan, Jia-Ning Shi, Yuan Chu, Cheng Guo
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The clinical spectrum of acute diverticulitis ranges from a phlegmon to limited abscesses, to free perforation with purulent or contaminated peritonitis [1]. While there is little debate about the optimal treatment for mild or very severe situations, uncertainty remains about the optimal strategy for acute diverticulitis with localized abscesses. Here, we report a successful endoscopic diverticulotomy for limited septic diverticulitis caused by a fecal stone.
Endoscopic hand suturing of small intestine and colon: complete suturing of a post-endoscopic submucosal dissection mucosal defect at the anastomosis after right hemicolectomy
Authors: Takuma Okamura, Tomonari Ikeda, Tatsuki Ichikawa, Kazuhiko Nakao
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic hand suturing (EHS) was first reported by Goto et al. [1]. Although still in its infancy, it is expected to prevent complications, such as postoperative bleeding and perforation; however, due to the complexity of the procedure and the need to carry the needle to the target ulcer, it is currently used only in the distal colon and stomach [2] [3]. Herein, we report the use of EHS at the anastomotic site after right hemicolectomy.
Simultaneous bilateral reintervention using one-step endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis caused by malignant hilar biliary obstruction
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Atsushi Okuda, Saori Ueno, Nobu Nishioka, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a standard technique for endoscopic biliary drainage in malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO). In cases of unresectable MHBO, the deployment of bilateral self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) may be indicated [1] [2]. However, with the recent development of systemic chemotherapy [3] and local tumor treatment by endoscopic radiofrequency ablation, the frequency of reintervention for stent dysfunction may increase and reintervention after bilateral SEMS deployment may be challenging. If reintervention under ERCP guidance is needed, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is considered. As with other biliary drainage techniques, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided hepaticogastrostomy (HGS) and hepaticoduodenostomy (HDS) can be considered bilateral reintervention techniques [4] [5].
Balloon traction for lumen-apposing metal stent placement for walled-off necrosis: balloon adventure in WONderland
Authors: Kohei Kurihara, Tomotaka Saito, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Yousuke Nakai, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The electrocautery-enhanced lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) has enabled simple direct puncture of walled-off necrosis (WON) under endosonographic guidance [1] [2] [3]. However, the two-step approach (e.g. use of a guidewire and balloon dilation [4]) may be required for solid WON lesions. In the current case, part of the gastric wall moved away from the echoendoscope during stent deployment and was successfully pulled back using an inflated balloon dilator ([Video 1]).
Long-term outcomes of early exposure to repeated general anaesthesia in children with cystic fibrosis (CF-GAIN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled phase 4 trial
Authors: Claire Elizabeth Wainwright, Suzanna Vidmar, Vicki Anderson, Pierrick Bourgeat, Catherine Byrnes, John Brooke Carlin, Joyce Cheney, Peter Cooper, Andrew Davidson, Nicholas Gailer, Jasmin Grayson-Collins, Alexandra Quittner, Colin Robertson, Olivier Salvado, Diana Zannino, Floyd Daniel Armstrong, Daniel Armstrong, Catherine Byrnes, John Carlin, Rosemary Carzino, Joyce Cheney, Peter Cooper, Narelle George, Keith Grimwood, James Martin, Karen McKay, Marj Moodie, Colin Robertson, Harm Tiddens, Suzanna Vidmar, Claire Wainwright, Bruce Whitehead, Vicki Anderson, Pierrick Bourgeat, Andrew Davidson, Catherine Byrnes, John Carlin, Joyce Cheney, Peter Cooper, Nicholas Gailer, Jasmin Grayson-Collins, Keith Grimwood, James Martin, Olivier Salvado, Suzanna Vidmar, Claire Wainwright, Bruce Whitehead, Daniel Armstrong, Alexandra Quittner
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2024)
Novel tapered-and-flared fully covered self-expandable metal stent for distal bile duct obstruction
Authors: Makoto Kobayashi, Hiroki Kato, Shintaro Tominaga, Motoyoshi Yano
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Stent migration is a major problem that can occur when using a fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) in malignant distal bile duct stricture. The K-papilla Stent (S and G Biotech, Yongin, Korea) ([Fig. 1]) is an FCSEMS with both a tapered portion and flared portion. This stent can be adjusted to the shape of the distal bile duct to the duodenum and has a narrowed papillary portion, which can stabilize its position and prevent migration.
Gel immersion endoscopic mucosal resection of a duodenal adenoma with gastric phenotype
Authors: Kensuke Suzuki, Daisuke Kikuchi, Satoshi Yamashita, Kei Kono, Yutaka Takazawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the most common endoscopic intervention for duodenal neoplasms. The literature describes various options, including cold snare polypectomy, underwater EMR (UEMR), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) [1] [2]. The gel immersion EMR method has been developed in recent years to achieve safe and easy en bloc resection [3] [4]. Here, we report the en bloc resection of an elevated lesion with a prominent depression in the duodenal bulb using the gel immersion EMR technique.
Measuring the efficiency of purging by non-random mating in human populations
Authors: Romain Laurent, Laure Gineau, José Utge, Sophie Lafosse, Chan Leakhena Phoeung, Tatyana Hegay, Robert Olaso, Anne Boland, Jean-François Deleuze, Bruno Toupance, Evelyne Heyer, Anne-Louise Leutenegger, Raphaëlle Chaix
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Human populations harbor a high concentration of deleterious genetic variants. Here, we tested the hypothesis that non-random mating practices affect the distribution of these variants, through exposure in the homozygous state, leading to their purging from the population gene pool. To do so, we produced whole-genome sequencing data for two pairs of Asian populations exhibiting different alliance rules and rates of inbreeding, but with similar effective population sizes. The results show that populations with higher rates of inbred matings do not purge deleterious variants more efficiently. Purging therefore has a low efficiency in human populations, and different mating practices lead to a similar mutational load.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided antegrade treatment with uncovered self-expanding metal stent for malignant afferent loop syndrome-complicated cholangitis after biliary reconstruction
Authors: Yoshinori Shimamoto, Hirotsugu Maruyama, Tatsuya Kurokawa, Yuki Ishikawa-Kakiya, Kojiro Tanoue, Akira Higashimori, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Malignant afferent loop syndrome often causes cholangitis and jaundice [1] [2], necessitating treatment. Endoscopic treatment is minimally invasive and utilizes a natural orifice, proving advantageous surgical or percutaneous management. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) [3] [4] is efficacious; however, severe adverse events are a concern. Therefore, treatment using physiological orifices is desirable. Herein, we report the first case of successful uncovered self-expanding metal stent (USEMS) placement with EUS-guided antegrade treatment using a physiological orifice for malignant afferent loop syndrome after biliary reconstruction for cholangiocarcinoma.
Automatic water irrigation synchronized with the electrosurgical unit: Bubble-free underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Motoki Sasaki, Teppei Masunaga, Kurato Miyazaki, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Naohisa Yahagi, Motohiko Kato
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The water pressure method is a underwater ESD technique, which facilitates direct visualization of the submucosa using a water stream through the waterjet channel of an endoscope [1]. This method significantly improves endoscopic exposure in difficult conditions such as the initiation of the submucosal dissection, dissection in a narrow space, and dissection of fibrotic tissue, and has been reported as useful for technically challenging ESD [2] [3] [4]. However, there is a problem in that the heat generated by the activation of the electrosurgical device at the lesion site creates bubbles in the water that often obstruct endoscopic visualization. In addition, especially when a tapered hood attachment is used, those bubbles are often trapped inside the attachment and are difficult to remove.
Measuring and valuing the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation: a scoping review
Authors: Ngan Thi Thu Dinh, Judy Tran, Martin Hensher
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

Despite growing interest in the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation actions, there is little recent evidence on the appropriateness of the measurement techniques being used to estimate them. We did a scoping review to identify the different approaches that have been used to measure and value health co-benefits in the climate change mitigation literature. We searched three databases (EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and MEDLINE Ovid) to identify relevant papers published between 2010 and 2023, and identified 267 studies that met our inclusion criteria to be included in the review. We found that health co-benefit studies are more typically published in the environmental science literature than in health journals. Despite calls going back many years for greater standardisation in methods, we found a highly diverse set of health measures and valuation approaches still in use. The majority of studies (232 [87%]) measured only near-term health co-benefits from reduced air pollution, and only 13 (5%) studies incorporated the longer term health benefits from mitigating the future health harms of climate change. Just over half the studies included monetary valuation of health co-benefits, using a variety of valuation approaches. Public and planetary health researchers, epidemiologists, and health economists should seek to engage more actively with those undertaking research in health co-benefits. This would allow consideration of how best to reconcile differing perspectives and techniques, how to achieve better standardisation of measurement and valuation, and how to extend the generally narrow focus of current health co-benefit studies to become more holistic and comprehensive.
Peritoneal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle biopsy
Authors: Zhenyun Gong, Guilian Cheng, Wei Wu, Duanmin Hu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis accompanied by ascites is challenging, particularly when the primary site remains unidentified. While cytological examination of ascites is commonly advocated, the diagnostic sensitivity is approximately 60% [1]. The remaining 40% of patients may require more invasive procedures, such as laparoscopy or laparotomy. In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has extended its reach to peritoneal carcinomatosis, offering enhanced visualization and a minimally invasive approach [2] [3]. In the case presented here, we utilized an innovative technique, EUS-guided through-the-needle (EUS-TTN) biopsy, to facilitate the pathological diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Cholangioscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for the treatment of appendicitis complicated with fecal stones: a case report
Authors: Qi Zhao, Ruixia Wang, Maofeng Sun, Shulei Zhao
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Acute appendicitis typically occurs when the opening of the appendix is blocked, most commonly by an impacted fecalith [1]. Surgical interventions for acute appendicitis often come with the drawbacks of increased postoperative complications and a high rate of removing the healthy appendix [2]. In 2012, a minimally invasive technique known as endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) was proposed. This method involves flushing out fecal stones and eliminating the blockage through the natural passage [3]. However, ERAT relies on X-ray and involves a complex procedure [4]. Drawing inspiration from the successful application of ultraslim endoscopes in treating complex bile duct stones, we incorporated a 9-Fr cholangioscope to assist with ERAT in managing appendicitis complicated with fecal stones. In this report, we present a case wherein this innovative approach was used.
Endoscopic intermuscular dissection of early anal cancer
Authors: Hao Dang, Daan A. Verhoeven, Kirill Basiliya, Jurjen J Boonstra
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Anal cancer accounts for 0.5% of all new cancer cases, with an observed annual increase in incidence of up to 2.7% over the past decade [1]. This increase has closely mirrored the rise in human papillomavirus infections, the most important risk factor for anal cancer. According to international guidelines [2] [3] [4], marginal/perianal lesions smaller than 2 cm without lymphatic involvement or metastatic spread can be curatively treated with complete local excision, thereby sparing patients the adverse effects of surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Here, we describe a case of early anal cancer which was successfully treated by endoscopic intermuscular dissection (EID).
Palbociclib plus exemestane with GnRH agonist vs capecitabine in premenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer: Updated survival results of the randomized phase 2 study Young-PEARL.
Authors: Yeon Hee Park, Kyung-Hun Lee, Gun Min Kim, Seok Yun Kang, Keun Seok Lee, Jee Hyun Kim, Kyoung Eun Lee, Hee Kyung Ahn, Moon Hee Lee, Hee Jun Kim, Hanjo Kim, Su-Jin Koh, Ji-Yeon Kim, Joohyuk Sohn, Sung-Bae Kim, Jin Seok Ahn, Seonwoo Kim, Hyun Cho, Kyung Hae Jung, Seock-Ah Im
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

LBA1002 Background: The Young-PEARL study demonstrated improved progression free survival (PFS) (mPFS: 20.1 vs. 14.4 mo.) of exemestane plus palbociclib with ovarian function suppression (OFS) compared to capecitabine in premenopausal patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Here we report updated survival outcomes with median follow-up of 54.8 months (data cutoff, November 30, 2023). Methods: Premenopausal women aged 19 years or older with HR+/HER2- BC who had relapsed or progressed during previous tamoxifen therapy were enrolled. One line of previous chemotherapy for mBC was allowed. The primary endpoint was PFS, which was defined as the time from C1D1 to disease progression or death. The key secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Other secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and toxicities. Results: 184 patients were randomly assigned to exemestane plus palbociclib with OFS (n=92) or capecitabine (n=92). Median age was 44.0 years (range, 28-58). Key efficacy and safety are shown in Table. Final analysis was conducted for 174 patients. The updated mPFS was 19.5 mo. (90% CI, 14.3-22.3) for exemestane + palbociclib + OFS compared with 14.0 mo. (90% CI, 11.7-18.7) for capecitabine (HR 0.75, P=0.04). mOS was 54.8 mo. (95% CI, 48.9-77.1) for palbociclib arm and 57.8 mo. (95% CI, 46.3-N/A) for capecitabine arm (HR 1.06, P=0.77). mPFS2 (from the date of 1 st PD to 2 nd PD) was significantly shorter in palbociclib arm than those of capecitabine arm (7.5 vs. 11.7 mo. P=0.02). Confirmed ORR based on the investigator assessments was 33.3% (95% CI, 23.6-43.1) for palbociclib and 33.7% (95% CI, 23.6-43.9) for capecitabine. Median treatment duration was 18.9 mo. (range 1.6-88.4) in palbociclib and 13.5 mo. (range 0.1-70.8) in capecitabine. In palbociclib arm, 86 (93.5%) experienced grade 3 or more TEAEs, mainly asymptomatic neutropenia (64.1%), compared to 41 (48.2%) patients with grade ≥3 TEAEs in the capecitabine arm, mainly Hand-Foot syndrome and neutropenia (18.8% for each). Conclusions: Young-PEARL study showed exemestane + palbociclib with OFS improves efficacy compared with capecitabine in terms of PFS, which did not lead to an OS benefit for patients with premenopausal HR+/HER2- mBC (median follow-up duration: 54.8 months). The overall safety profile of palbociclib and capecitabine continues to be manageable with longer follow-up. Clinical trial information: NCT02592746 . [Table: see text]