tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P168: The Relationship of Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion with Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Prospective Analyses from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Authors: Katherine T Mills, Jing Chen, Wei Yang, Lawrence J Appel, John Kusek, Arnold B Alper, Patrice Delafontaine, Martin G Keane, Emile R Mohler, Akinlolu O Ojo, Mahboob Rahman, Ana C Ricardo, Elsayed Z Soliman, Susan P Steigerwalt, Raymond R Townsend, Jiang He
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk of CVD compared to the general population. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent risk factor for CVD in the general population and in CKD patients. In the general population, sodium (Na) excretion is directly associated with LVH. However, this association has not been examined in patients with CKD. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that in CKD patients, urinary Na excretion would be directly and urinary potassium (K) would be indirectly associated with development of ejection fraction (EF) &lt; 50% and LVH and longitudinal changes in EF and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Methods: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study (CRIC) is a prospective cohort study of 3,939 participants with CKD. Dietary Na and K excretion were assessed by averaging three 24-hour urinary measures (over 2 years) and calibrated to sex-specific mean 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion. Echocardiograms (ECHO) were conducted at follow-up years 1, 4, and 7 and centrally analyzed to quantify EF and LVMI. LVH is defined as LVMI ≥ 47 g/m 2.7 in women and LVMI ≥ 50 g/m 2.7 in men. Log-linear binomial and linear mixed effects models were used. Results: During follow-up, 676 participants developed EF &lt;50% and 238 developed LVH among those with EF ≥ 50% or free of LVH at the first ECHO, respectively. After multivariate adjustment, participants in the highest quartile of adjusted sodium excretion (&gt;196.2 mmol/24 hours) had a relative risk of 1.31 (95% CI 1.08, 1.59) of developing an EF &lt; 50% during follow-up compared to those in the lowest quartile (&lt;127.8 mmol/24 hours). Furthermore, participants in the highest quartile of adjusted urinary sodium excretion had a greater annual decrease in ejection fraction (-1.36%, 95 CI: -1.53, -1.19%) compared to those in the lowest quartile (-0.95%, 95% CI: -1.11, -0.79%; p for trend across quartiles 0.0003). No significant association was observed between K excretion and development of EF &lt; 50% or change in EF. In addition, no association was observed between adjusted Na or K excretion and development of LVH or change in LVMI during follow-up. Conclusions: Higher Na excretion is associated with a greater likelihood of developing an EF &lt;50% and a greater annual decrease in EF. Further studies are needed to determine if interventions to reduce high dietary sodium could slow the decline in left ventricular structure and function in patients with CKD.
Abstract 228: Activation of the Free Fatty Acid Receptor GPR120 Prevents Fibrosis in NIH3T3 Cells and Primary Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Qingwen Qian, Tim D O'Connell
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Fibrosis significantly contributes to contractile dysfunction and pathologic ventricular remodeling in heart failure. Recently, we showed for the first time that ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs) prevent fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in pressure-overload induced heart failure through inhibition of collagen expression, fibroblast proliferation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, we found that ω3-PUFAs induced eNOS activity to prevent TGFβ1-Smad2/3 pro-fibrotic signaling. Mechanistically, ω3-PUFAs are thought to regulate ion channels or to incorporate into the membrane and alter the properties of lipid-rafts, but how a fatty acid might activate eNOS is unknown. Recently, GPR40 and GPR120 were identified as receptors for long-chain fatty acids (FFARs). Here, we examined GPR120 regulation of cardiac fibrosis. Among the FFARs, GPR40, 41, 43, 84, and 120, GPR120 mRNA was expressed at highest level in whole heart. Furthermore, we detected GPR120 expression in isolated cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, as well as NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. To determine if activation of GPR120 was sufficient to prevent fibrosis, we tested the ability of the GPR120 agonist GW9508 to prevent TGFβ1-induced fibrosis in both NIH3T3 cells and primary cultures of cardiac fibroblasts. In both NIH3T3 cells and primary cardiac fibroblasts, TGFβ1 (1 ng/ml) induced a pro-fibrotic response indicated by increased fibroblast proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and collagen I expression. In both cell types, pre-treatment with GW9508 significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced proliferation (63% in NIH 3T3 cells and 52% in cardiac fibroblasts, respectively), α-smooth muscle actin expression (78% in NIH 3T3 cells, 90% in cardiac fibroblasts), and collagen I expression. In summary, our results demonstrate for the first time, that GPR120 signaling in the heart prevents fibrosis.
Pulse Oximetry
Authors: Rafael Ortega, Christopher J Hansen, Kelly Elterman, Albert Woo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Pulse oximetry has become the standard of care in operating rooms, intensive care units (ICUs), and hospital wards in the United States and many other nations.1 Before pulse oximetry was available, physicians relied on invasive procedures, such as arterial puncture for blood gas analysis, to identify the presence of hypoxemia. Unlike arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry allows for noninvasive and continuous monitoring of arterial blood oxygen saturation. Although the pulse oximeter is easy to use, the clinician must understand the principles of pulse oximetry and must know how the equipment works in order to interpret the information it provides. . . . .
Recent advances: Treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: A H Gershlick, R S More
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Recent advances Treatment of myocardial infarctionA H Gershlick, R S More Coronary artery occlusion is responsible for 180 000 admissions to hospital each year in the United Kingdom.2][3][4][5] Mortality in patients given thrombolytic drugs sufficiently early is 10% to 12%-a third less than mortality in untreated patients.The benefits of thrombolytic treatment have been shown clearly in clinical trials, but there are limitations.We review current practice and the research that is currently under way to improve outcome in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction.
Microcirculation Architecture of Melanocytic Nevi and Malignant Melanomas of the Ciliary Body and Choroid
Authors: Volker Rummelt, Robert Folberg, Carmen Rummelt, Lynn M. Gruman, Taekyu Hwang, Robert F. Woolson, Hong Yi, Gottfried O.H. Naumann
Journal: Ophthalmology (1994)
Face to face always
Authors: Ffion C Davies
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Performing snapshot assessments in emergency settings, where time is precious, is notoriously risky. Serial assessment of the child is best but not always possible. A scientific approach of measuring heart rate, capillary refill, respiratory rate, and behaviour takes less than 3 minutes1 and is achievable in these settings. Harnden is wrong in saying that this is not …
Abstract 15536: Chronic Nebivolol Treatment Suppresses Endothelin-1-Mediated Vasoconstrictor Tone in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Brian L Stauffer, Kyle J Diehl, Caitlin A Dow, Danielle L Templeton, Jared J Greiner, Christopher A DeSouza
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Endothelin (ET)-1 plays a major role in the pathophysiology of clinical hypertension and contributes to the elevated cardiovascular risk in this population. In vitro data suggests that the antihypertensive, nebivolol (N), suppresses vascular ET-1 production; however, there is no in vivo clinical evidence that N reduces ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that chronic N therapy will reduce ET-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone in adults with elevated blood pressure (BP ≤ 130/85 mm Hg).   Methods:  In an ongoing study, 30 middle-aged adults were treated for 12 weeks: 10 with N (5 mg/d; BP 143/87±2/2 mmHg); 10 with metoprolol succinate (M: 100 mg/d; 140/90±2/2 mmHg); and 10 with placebo (P; 139/85±2/2 mmHg). Before and after the drug intervention, forearm blood flow (FBF: plethysmography) was determined in response to intrabrachial infusion of the ET A  selective receptor antagonist BQ123 and in combination with the ET B  selective receptor antagonist BQ788.   Results:  Subject baseline demographics (age, BMI, systolic and diastolic BP) were similar between the 3 groups. Blood pressure was lowered (P A -mediated vasoconstrictor tone. In stark contrast, FBF responses to BQ123 and BQ123+BQ788 were not significantly altered by M treatment. As expected the vascular responses to ET-1 receptor blockade was not affect by P.   Conclusions:  These results demonstrate that, in spite of a similar reduction in blood pressure, N, but not M, treatment reduces ET-1 vasoconstrictor tone in adults with elevated blood pressure. Diminished ET-1 mediated vasoconstrictor tone with N may provide an important vascular benefit in this at risk population.
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF PULMONARY ABSCESS FROM AN ANALYSIS OF 210 CASES
Authors: Donald S. King, Frederick T. Lord
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Article1 October 1934CERTAIN ASPECTS OF PULMONARY ABSCESS FROM AN ANALYSIS OF 210 CASESDONALD S. KING, M.D., F.A.C.P., FREDERICK T. LORD, M.D., F.A.C.P.DONALD S. KING, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, FREDERICK T. LORD, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-4-468 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptCertain aspects of pulmonary abscess are presented as a continuation of the study of this disease at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Two hundred and twenty-seven cases occurring between 1909 and 1924 have been analyzed by one of us.1, 2The present series embraces 211 cases observed from 1924 to 1932. As of this number all but one has been followed to the termination in death or present condition from two to nine years after discharge, the discussion to follow is based on the 210 cases. For the unusual success in the follow-up we are indebted to Miss Eleanore A. Lewis...References1. LORD FT: Contributions to Medical and Biological Research, dedicated to Sir William Osler, 1919, i, 640. Google Scholar2. LORD FT: Pulmonary abscess, Boston Med. and Surg. Jr., 1925, cxcii, 785-788. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Read at the Chicago meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 20, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBronchial and Transbronchial DiseasesAspiration, Abscess, Bronchiectasis, and ObstructionPulmonary aspiration complexes in adultsPrimary lung abscessAnaerobic pleuropulmonary infectionsLung abscessLung AbscessEitrige und brandige Erkrankungen der LungeNONSPECIFIC LUNG ABSCESS: EXPERIENCE WITH FIFTY-FIVE CONSECUTIVE CASESThe Role of Periodontal Foci of Infection in Systemic Disease: An Evaluation of the LiteraturePulmonary Abscess as Complication of Hiatal HerniaMEDICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC PULMONARY ABSCESSESInfections and Reflex Disorders of the Eye from Dental Affections*Focal Infection*Principles in the management of pulmonary abscessThe Chronic PneumoniasPostoperative lung abscessNONTUBERCULOUS ABSCESS OF THE LUNGTREATMENT OF LUNG ABSCESS 1 October 1934Volume 8, Issue 4Page: 468-474KeywordsAbscessesPulmonary diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Application of a Modified Psychiatric Approach in the Treatment of Certain Gastro-Intestinal Disorders
Authors: Theodore H. Morrison, Samuel Morrison
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 September 1931The Application of a Modified Psychiatric Approach in the Treatment of Certain Gastro-Intestinal DisordersTHEODORE H. MORRISON, M.D., F.A.C.P., SAMUEL MORRISON, M.D.THEODORE H. MORRISON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, SAMUEL MORRISON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-3-371 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt has long been recognized that a large number of patients who come under the care of the gastroenterologist are psychoneurotic and one wonders whether the gastroenterologist is able to treat these patients satisfactorily or whether they can be better cared for by a psychiatrist. A consideration of the type of psychoneurosis, its duration, its status praesens, etc., makes this decision less difficult. In those instances in which the psychoneurosis is very mild and is referred to the gastro-intestinal tract, particularly where the patient is fifty years or older, it is our opinion that a more satisfactory outcome can be...References1 BLAND-SUTTON J: The psychology of animals swallowed alive, Brit. Med. Jr., 1925, ii, 104. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 REYNOLDS GP: The etiology of psychoneuroses encountered in the practice of internal medicine, New Eng. Jr. of Med., 1930, cciii, 312. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 RUGGLES AH: Psychiatry's part in preventive medicine, Ann. of Int. Med., 1929, iii, 366. Google Scholar4 OVERSTREET HA: About ourselves. Psychology for normal people, 1927, Norton, N. Y. Google Scholar5 ALVAREZ WC: Nervous indigestion, 1930, Hoeber, N. Y. Google Scholar6 OLIVER JR: Fear, 1927, MacMillan Co. Google Scholar7 JELLIFFE SE: What price heading? A fragmentary inquiry, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1930, xciv, 1393-1395. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 DUBOIS P: The psychic treatment of nervous disorders, 1905, Funk and Wagnalls Co., N. Y. Google Scholar9 ALVAREZ WC: Auto-intoxication, Physiol. Rev., 1924, iv, 352. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10 LYON BB: Non-surgical drainage of the gall tract, 1926, Lea and Febiger, Phila. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md.*From the Gastro-Enterological Clinic of the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland.†Received for publication April 20, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1931Volume 5, Issue 3Page: 371-380KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
First report of sandfly fever virus infection imported from Malta into Switzerland, October 2011
Authors: D Schultze, W Korte, P Rafeiner, M Niedrig
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

We report the first documented cases of sandfly fever virus infection in travellers returning from Malta to Switzerland in autumn 2011. These cases illustrate the importance of considering sandfly-borne viral infection in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients from the Mediterranean island Malta. Raising awareness among physicians is relevant especially now at the beginning of the summer tourist season.
Cell cycle regulatory gene abnormalities are important determinants of leukemogenesis and disease biology in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: Wendy Stock, Tsuong Tsai, Carla Golden, Cathy Rankin, Dorrie Sher, Marilyn L. Slovak, Maria G. Pallavicini, Jerald P. Radich, David H. Boldt
Journal: Blood (2000)
Toward dual therapy for EGFR-dependent non-small cell lung cancer: A role for MAPK inhibitors?
Authors: Justin Balko, Brett Jones, Esther Black
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- July 20-23, 2008; Monterey, CA

A22 

Acquired drug resistance is a major roadblock to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in EGFR-dependent NSCLC. Identifying downstream mechanisms of EGFR-dependency could identify additional effectors that can be targeted concomitantly with EGFR, to enhance responses and prevent acquired resistance. Indeed, combinatorial therapies have historically led to improved outcomes in cancer treatment, albeit often at the cost of patient safety. However, toxicity associated with many TKIs is not severe, and therefore such a strategy may result in drastic improvements in benefit to risk ratios.    We have evaluated the role of the MAPK pathway, which lies downstream of EGFR, in lung cancer cell lines and tumors. Cell lines derived from EGFR-dependent tumors display constitutively active ERK1/2, even in the absence of exogenous growth factors. Cell viability and apoptosis assays following treatment with MEK inhibitors indicate that the MAPK pathway is required for growth and survival of EGFR-dependent NSCLC cell lines, including those harboring the T790M lesion, the most commonly observed mechanism of acquired EGFR TKI resistance. These data suggest that combining EGFR TKI with MAPK inhibitors may remove the selective pressure for the growth of tumors harboring the T790M mutation.    The activity the MAPK cascade may contribute to EGFR-dependency in some lung cancer cell lines through regulation of autocrine activity and stability of the EGFR receptor. MAPK inhibition in H1975 cells (EGFR L858R, T790M) decreased gene expression of several EGFR ligands and subsequently down-regulated EGFR expression through enhanced proteosomal degradation prior to inhibition of cell viability. A similar phenotype was partially induced following either antibody neutralization of HB-EGF or EGFR through inhibition of the ligand binding domain or with treatment with TAPI-1, a peptide inhibitor of TACE. We have concluded that the MAPK pathway supports EGFR signaling, and therefore a rationale is provided to evaluate dual use of EGFR and MAPK TKI in EGFR-dependent NSCLC to enhance response rates and minimize resistance.
Abstract 2156: Left Atrial Fibrosis Impacts Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nazem W Akoum, Robert S Oakes, Yaw Adjei-Poku, Suman Kuppahally, Nathan M Segerson, Eric N Fish, Swati N Rao, Nathan S Burgon, Eugene G Kholmovski, Edward V DiBella, Rob S MacLeod, Nassir F Marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. The extent of left atrial (LA) wall fibrosis detected by delayed enhancement MRI (DE-MRI) appears to be correlated with advanced atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effect of LA fibrosis on left ventricular function (LVEF) is not well understood. We report the relationship between left atrial fibrosis and LVEF in patients with AF. Methods. Sixty-seven patients underwent DE-MRI and 2-dimensional trans-thoracic echocardiography prior to ablation for AF. Three dimensional segmentation of the LA was performed and the extent of fibrosis was quantified using a semi-automated algorithm. Patients were assigned to one of three groups based on the degree of LA fibrosis; 1) mild enhancement where the fibrosis &lt; 15% of the LA wall, 2) moderate enhancement where fibrosis &gt; 15% and &lt; 35%, and extensive where fibrosis &gt; 35% of the LA wall. LVEF was determined both prior to and 3 months following pulmonary vein antrum isolation with posterior wall and septal debulking. Results. The average pre-ablation LVEF among patients with mild fibrosis was 53.2% ± 9.9% (n = 41), 52.3% ± 7.4% (n = 19) among patients with moderate fibrosis and 42.1% ± 9.9% (n = 7) among those with extensive enhancement (p = 0.01,one way ANOVA). The difference remains significant after controlling for patient age, gender, hypertension, MI, AF type, mitral valve regurgitation, CAD and the presence of non-AF related CHF. Following ablation, all groups had an increase in the LVEF. The greatest increase occurred among patients in the extensive group. On average, this group experienced an overall improvement of 10.8% ± 14.1%. Patients in the mild enhancement group had an average improvement of 3.3% ± 11.1% and those in the moderate group had an average improvement of 3.8% ± 5.6%. The post-ablation LVEF among patients with mild fibrosis was 56.6% ± 8.3%, 56.2% ± 6.4% among patients with moderate fibrosis and 53.0% ± 15.4% among patients with extensive fibrosis. Conclusion. From our preliminary experience with DE-MRI fibrosis detection, patients with extensive LA fibrosis appear to have depressed LV function pre-ablation. This group of patients seems to experience a large improvement (~11%) in LV function post-ablation compared to patients with less LA fibrosis.
Comparing the efficacy of generic Imatinib formulations with the original Imatinib as the frontline tyrosine kinase inhibitor in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia.
Authors: Fatih Demirkan, Omur Gokmen Gokmen Sevindik, Aysegul Karaman, Inci Alacacioglu, Serife Medeni Solmaz, Guner Hayri Ozsan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e18024 Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Recently, four different generic Imatinib formulations were approved for the frontline treatment of CML in Turkey. All of these commercially available generic Imatinibs are cheaper than the original one. The avarage cost benefit is 130 dollars per box. Our aim was to investigate and compare the efficacy of commercially available generic Imatinibs, which were used as initial frontline therapy in a newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP-CML) setting. Methods: 35 patients who were diagnosed as CP-CML between July 2011 and Mar 2013 were included in the study. 14 patients received generic Imatinib and 21 patients received original Imatinib at a starting dose of 400 mg. Patients’ demographics, risk scores, side effects and imatinib response were recorded retrospectively. Hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular responses were compared among generic and original TKI groups. Results: Median age of all patients was 52 (18-81). There were no significant difference among age, gender and Sokal and Eutos risk scores between generic (Group A) and original (Group B) Imatinib groups. Median follow up time was 13.5 (10-33) months in group A and 26 (10-36) in group B (p = 0.013). All patients were able to achieve a complete hematologic response at 3rd month. Complete cytogenetic response rates at 6th month were 57.1% and 52.6% for Group A and B, respectively (p = 0.530). Major molecular response rates at 6th month were 35.7% and 31.6% for Group A and B, respectively (p = 0.721). 2 patients in Group A and 3 patients in Group B were switched to 2ndgeneration TKI due to resistance (p = 0.679). Combined hematological and non-hematological adverse event rates were similar in both groups (28.6% and 33.3% for Group A and B, respectively; p = 0.543). Conclusions: There is very limited and conflicting data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of generic Imatinib formulations. Among our patient cohort, at a reasonably long term follow-up, generic formulations were not inferior to the original Imatinib regarding the efficacy and tolerability.
Abstract 17255: Noninvasive Three-dimensional Cardiac Activation Imaging of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Rabbit Heart
Authors: Chengzong Han, Steven Pogwizd, Cheryl Killingsworth, Jiajie Yan, Bin He
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Imaging myocardial activation is of importance for cardiovascular research and clinical medicine. The present study aims to assess the performance of 3-dimensional cardiac electric im...
Abstract 16079: Transcriptome-Wide Identification of Targets and Binding Sites of the Dilated Cardiomyopathy Associated RNA-Binding Motif Protein 20 by PAR-CLIP
Authors: Kemal M Akat, Klaas Max, Iddo Ben-Dov, Neil Renwick, Thomas Tuschl
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Mutations in RNA-binding Motif Protein 20 (RBM20) were recently described in families with early onset dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In silico predictions indicated that RBM20 is an RNA-...