tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Disparities in Exposures to PFAS and Other Unregulated Industrial Drinking Water Contaminants in US Public Water Systems
Authors: Aaron J. Maruzzo, Amanda B. Hernandez, Christopher H. Swartz, Jahred M. Liddie, Laurel A. Schaider
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Unregulated contaminants in drinking water, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), can contribute to cumulative health risks, particularly in overburdened and less-advantaged communities. To our knowledge, there has been no nationwide assessment of socioeconomic disparities in exposures to unregulated contaminants in drinking water. The goals of this study were to identify determinants of unregulated contaminant detection among US public water systems (PWSs) and evaluate disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. We gathered data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA's) Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (2013-2015), PWS characteristics, sociodemographic data, and suspected pollution sources from regulatory databases. We included four target contaminants (or classes) with industrial sources: PFAS, 1,4-dioxane, 1,1-dichloroethane, and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22). Associations were evaluated with pairwise comparison tests and generalized logistic mixed-effects regression models for six dichotomous outcomes: detection of each of four target contaminants, detection of ≥1 target contaminant, and PWS exceedance of ≥1 US EPA health reference level that was in effect in 2017. More than 97 million US residents were served by a PWS with detectable levels of 1,4-dioxane (22% of PWSs), HCFC-22 (5.8%), 1,1-dichloroethane (4.7%), and/or PFAS (4.0%). Unregulated contaminant detection was more frequent among large systems, urban systems, and systems using groundwater or a combination of groundwater and surface water. In comparison with PWSs with no detectable levels of these unregulated contaminants, PWSs with detectable levels served counties with higher proportions of Hispanic residents (17% vs. 13%), as did PWSs that exceeded EPA health reference levels in comparison with PWSs with no exceedances (18% vs. 14%). There were persistent positive associations between proportions of Hispanic residents and detections of target contaminants, even after accounting for pollution sources. Previously, inequities in exposures to drinking water contaminants were underestimated because prior studies have focused on regulated contaminants. PWSs serving counties with more Hispanic residents, non-Hispanic Black residents, and urban households may benefit from additional resources to proactively mitigate unregulated chemical contamination. Future studies should evaluate factors underlying these disparities to promote actions that protect water quality for all residents. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14721.
The National Academies’ 2024 Diagnostic Criteria for Long <scp>COVID</scp>: Concerns that Could Affect the Rheumatology Community
Authors: Leonard H Calabrese, Michael Putman, Jeffrey A. Sparks, Zachary Wallace, Alfred H.J. Kim, Kevin L Winthrop, Cassandra Calabrese
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Disclosure Form Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Proteomic profiling of the large‐vessel vasculitis spectrum identifies shared signatures of innate immune activation and stromal remodelling
Authors: Robert T. Maughan, Erin MacDonald‐Dunlop, Lubna Haroon‐Rashid, Louise Sorensen, Natalie Chaddock, Shauna Masters, Andrew Porter, Marta Peverelli, Charis Pericleous, Andrew Hutchings, James Robinson, Taryn Youngstein, Raashid A. Luqmani, Justin C. Mason, Ann W. Morgan, James E. Peters
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Background Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common forms of large‐vessel vasculitis (LVV), can result in serious morbidity. Understanding the molecular basis of LVV should aid in developing better biomarkers and treatments. Methods Plasma proteomic profiling of 184 proteins was performed in two cohorts. Cohort 1 included patients with established TAK (n=96) and large‐vessel GCA (LV‐GCA, n=35) in addition to healthy control participants (HCs, n=35). Cohort 2 comprised patients presenting acutely with possible cranial‐GCA in whom the diagnosis was subsequently confirmed (C‐GCA, n=150) or excluded (Not C‐GCA, n=89). Proteomic findings were compared to published transcriptomic data from LVV‐affected arteries. Results In Cohort 1, comparison to HCs revealed 52 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in TAK and 72 in LV‐GCA. Within‐case analyses identified 16 and 18 disease activity‐associated proteins in TAK and LV‐GCA, respectively. In Cohort 2, comparing C‐GCA versus Not C‐GCA revealed 31 DAPs. Analysis within C‐GCA cases suggested the presence of distinct endotypes, with more pronounced proteomic changes in the biopsy‐proven subgroup. Cross‐comparison of TAK, LV‐GCA and biopsy‐proven C‐GCA revealed highly similar plasma proteomic profiles, with 26 shared DAPs including IL6, monocyte/macrophage related proteins (CCL7, CSF1), tissue remodelling proteins (TIMP1, TNC) and novel associations (TNFSF14, IL7R). Plasma proteomic findings reflected LVV arterial phenotype; for 42% of DAPs, the corresponding gene was differentially expressed in tissue. Conclusions These findings suggest shared pathobiology across the LVV spectrum involving innate immunity, lymphocyte homeostasis and tissue remodelling. Network‐based analyses highlighted immune‐stromal crosstalk and identified novel therapeutic targets (e.g. TNFSF14).
Synergistic and off-target effects of bacteriocins in a simplified human intestinal microbiome: implications for <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection control
Authors: Natalia S. Ríos Colombo, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Clostridioides difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. As current antibiotic treatment failures and recurrence of infections are highly frequent, alternative strategies are needed for the treatment of this disease. This study explores the use of bacteriocins, specifically lacticin 3147 and pediocin PA-1, which have reported inhibitory activity against C. difficile. We engineered Lactococcus lactis strains to produce these bacteriocins individually or in combination, aiming to enhance their activity against C. difficile. Our results show that lacticin 3147 and pediocin PA-1 display synergy, resulting in higher anti-C. difficile activity. We then evaluated the effects of these L. lactis strains in a Simplified Human Intestinal Microbiome (SIHUMI-C) model, a bacterial consortium of eight diverse human gut species that includes C. difficile. After introducing the bacteriocin-producing L. lactis strains into SIHUMI-C, samples were collected over 24 hours, and the genome copies of each species were assessed using qPCR. Contrary to expectations, the combined bacteriocins increased C. difficile levels in the consortium despite showing synergy against C. difficile in agar-based screening. This can be rationally explained by antagonistic inter-species interactions within SIHUMI-C, providing new insights into how broad-spectrum antimicrobials might fail to control targeted species in complex gut microbial communities. These findings highlight the need to mitigate off-target effects in complex gut microbiomes when developing bacteriocin-based therapies with potential clinical implications for infectious disease treatment.
<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> (CECT7484 and CECT7485) and <i>Pedioccoccus acidilactici</i> (CECT7483) enhance actin cytoskeleton and CYP1A1 expression restoring epithelial permeability alterations induced by irritable bowel syndrome mediators
Authors: Maria Raffaella Barbaro, Francesca Bianco, Cesare Cremon, Giovanni Marasco, Francesca Bonomini, Marta Palombo, Cecilia Delprete, Marta Perez, Jordi Espadaler-Mazo, Vincenzo Stanghellini, Simone Guglielmetti, Giovanni Barbara
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a multifactorial condition with heterogeneous pathophysiology, including intestinal permeability alterations. The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of a probiotic blend (PB) consisting of two Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (CECT7484 and CECT7485) and one strain of Pediococcus acidilactici (CECT7483) to recover the permeability increase induced by mediators from IBS mucosal biopsies and to highlight the underlying molecular mechanisms. Twenty-one IBS patients diagnosed according to ROME IV criteria (11 IBS-D and 10 IBS-M) and 7 healthy controls were enrolled. Mucosal mediators spontaneously released by IBS and HC biopsies were collected and incubated with/without the PB (104 and 106 CFU/ml). Paracellular permeability was assessed by evaluating the amount of sulfonic-acid-conjugated to fluorescein passing through the Caco-2 monolayer. RNA was extracted from Caco-2 cells and used to perform qPCR analyses, to evaluate the expression of ZO-1 and β-actin, and RNAseq to evaluate the transcriptomic profile. Untargeted metabolomics was used to characterize metabolites produced by the PB. The PB significantly reduced paracellular permeability after 3 h of incubation. Both doses of the PB significantly recovered the increase in paracellular permeability induced by IBS mediators. qPCR analyses showed that both doses of the PB co-incubated with IBS mediators induced a significant increase in beta-actin expression compared to IBS mediators alone. Concerning IBS subtypes, the high dose of the PB recovered the increase of permeability induced by IBS-D mediators. Transcriptomic analyses, confirmed by qPCR, showed that the high dose of the PB significantly increased CYP1A1 compared to IBS mediators alone. The PB produced a high amount of indole-3-lactic acid. The PB recovers the permeability increase induced by IBS mediators inducing the up-regulation of β-actin. In addition, the PB up-regulates the expression of CYP1A1, known to be involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, possibly through the production of the indole-3-lactic acid.
Rapid Parallel Adaptation in Distinct Invasions of <i>Ambrosia Artemisiifolia</i> Is Driven by Large-Effect Structural Variants
Authors: Paul Battlay, Samuel Craig, Andhika R Putra, Keyne Monro, Nissanka P De Silva, Jonathan Wilson, Vanessa C Bieker, Saila Kabir, Nawar Shamaya, Lotte van Boheemen, Loren H Rieseberg, John R Stinchcombe, Alexandre Fournier-Level, Michael D Martin, Kathryn A Hodgins
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2025)

Abstract When introduced to multiple distinct ranges, invasive species provide a compelling natural experiment for understanding the repeatability of adaptation. Ambrosia artemisiifolia is an invasive, noxious weed, and chief cause of hay fever. Leveraging over 400 whole-genome sequences spanning the native-range in North America and 2 invasions in Europe and Australia, we inferred demographically distinct invasion histories on each continent. Despite substantial differences in genetic source and effective population size changes during introduction, scans of both local climate adaptation and divergence from the native-range revealed genomic signatures of parallel adaptation between invasions. Disproportionately represented among these parallel signatures are 37 large haploblocks—indicators of structural variation—that cover almost 20% of the genome and exist as standing genetic variation in the native-range. Many of these haploblocks are associated with traits important for adaptation to local climate, like size and the timing of flowering, and have rapidly reformed native-range clines in invaded ranges. Others show extreme frequency divergence between ranges, consistent with a response to divergent selection on different continents. Our results demonstrate the key role of large-effect standing variants in rapid adaptation during range expansion, a pattern that is robust to diverse invasion histories.
Author Correction: Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption
Authors: Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Zachary Strongin, Hugo Soudeyns, Felipe ten-Caten, Khader Ghneim, Gabriela Pacheco Sanchez, Giuliana Xavier de Medeiros, Perla Mariana Del Rio Estrada, Adam-Nicolas Pelletier, Timothy Hoang, Kevin Nguyen, Justin Harper, Sherrie Jean, Chelsea Wallace, Robert Balderas, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Gopalan Raghunathan, Eric Rimmer, Cinthia V. Pastuskovas, Guoxin Wu, Luca Micci, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Chi Ngai Chan, Jacob D. Estes, Guido Silvestri, Daniel M. Gorman, Bonnie J. Howell, Daria J. Hazuda, Mirko Paiardini, Rafick P. Sekaly
Journal: Nature Immunology (2025)
The future of the European Respiratory Society: strategy update 2025
Authors: Monika Gappa, Silke Ryan, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Peter Wijkstra, Nicolas Roche, Hilary Pinnock, Barbara Hoffmann, Carlos Robalo Cordeiro, Dimitris Kontopidis, Stephane Dupasquier, Alexandra Harabosky, Pippa Powell, Steve Sealy, Valerie Zecca, Werner Bill
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)
Repetitive mechanical oscillation needle-free injection through electrically induced microbubbles
Authors: Yibo Ma, Wenjing Huang, Naotomo Tottori, Yoko Yamanishi
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

We previously developed a novel needle-free reagent injection method based on electrically induced microbubbles. The system generates microbubbles and applies repetitive mechanical oscillation associated with microbubble dynamics to perforate tissue and introduce a reagent. In this paper, we propose improving the reagent injection depth by reflecting the shock wave through microbubble dynamics. Our results show that the developed shock wave reflection method improves the ability of the electrically induced microbubble injection system to introduce a reagent. The method extends the application potential of electrically induced microbubble needle-free injection.
Publisher Correction: Partitioned polygenic risk scores identify distinct types of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Oveis Jamialahmadi, Antonio De Vincentis, Federica Tavaglione, Francesco Malvestiti, Ruifang Li-Gao, Rosellina M. Mancina, Marcus Alvarez, Kyla Gelev, Samantha Maurotti, Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci, Frits Richard Rosendaal, Julia Kozlitina, Päivi Pajukanta, François Pattou, Luca Valenti, Stefano Romeo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)

In the version of the article initially published
Cancer statistics, 2025
Authors: Rebecca L. Siegel, Tyler B. Kratzer, Angela N. Giaquinto, Hyuna Sung, Ahmedin Jemal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2025)

ABSTRACT Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries (through 2021) and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics (through 2022). In 2025, 2,041,910 new cancer cases and 618,120 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The cancer mortality rate continued to decline through 2022, averting nearly 4.5 million deaths since 1991 because of smoking reductions, earlier detection for some cancers, and improved treatment. Yet alarming disparities persist; Native American people bear the highest cancer mortality, including rates that are two to three times those in White people for kidney, liver, stomach, and cervical cancers. Similarly, Black people have two‐fold higher mortality than White people for prostate, stomach, and uterine corpus cancers. Overall cancer incidence has generally declined in men but has risen in women, narrowing the male‐to‐female rate ratio (RR) from a peak of 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.57–1.61) in 1992 to 1.1 (95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.12) in 2021. However, rates in women aged 50–64 years have already surpassed those in men (832.5 vs. 830.6 per 100,000), and younger women (younger than 50 years) have an 82% higher incidence rate than their male counterparts (141.1 vs. 77.4 per 100,000), up from 51% in 2002. Notably, lung cancer incidence in women surpassed that in men among people younger than 65 years in 2021 (15.7 vs. 15.4 per 100,000; RR, 0.98, p = 0.03). In summary, cancer mortality continues to decline, but future gains are threatened by rampant racial inequalities and a growing burden of disease in middle‐aged and young adults, especially women. Continued progress will require investment in cancer prevention and access to equitable treatment, especially for Native American and Black individuals.
The impact of LRP4 mutations on hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and immunotherapy response
Authors: Zhen Lu, Chun-Ming Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

1Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China 2State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China 3State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Department of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Correspondence Chun-Ming Wong, State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Rm 711, No. 5 Sassoon Road, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. Email: [email protected] Correspondence Zhen Lu, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development (IDDD), China Pharmaceutical University. Jiangning Campus: #639 Longmian Dadao, Jiangning District, Nanjing, China, 211198. Email: [email protected]
An unmet need in MetALD
Authors: Kevin Harris
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA Abbreviations: MetALD, metabolic and alcohol-associated liver disease; UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing; UPHS, University of Pennsylvania Healthcare System. Correspondence Kevin Harris, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepataology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW Rochester MN, 55905, USA Email: [email protected]
Dynamic duo: Spleen stiffness and bilirubin revolutionize PSVD screening
Authors: Guneet Sidhu
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, Fargo, North Dakota, USA Abbreviations: HRV, high-risk varices; PSVD, porto-sinusoidal vascular disorder; SSM, spleen stiffness measurement. Correspondence Guneet Sidhu, Department of Internal Medicine, University of North Dakota, Fargo 58104, ND, USA. Email: [email protected]
Abstract 2018: Inotropic Contractile Reserve is a Strong Predictor of Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Ajay Shah, Rawa Sarji, Sripal Bangalore, Madhuri Devabhaktuni, Ramya Smitha Suryadevara, Donna Macmillan-Marrotti, Danny Pudpud, Jonathan Steinberg, Joseph DeRose, Farooq A Chaudhry
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Donor-derived GD2-specific CAR T cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma
Authors: Concetta Quintarelli, Francesca Del Bufalo, Maria Antonietta De Ioris, Marika Guercio, Mattia Algeri, Daria Pagliara, Domenico Alessandro Silvestris, Matteo Di Nardo, Matilde Sinibaldi, Stefano Di Cecca, Laura Iaffaldano, Simona Manni, Valentina Fustaino, Maria Carmen Garganese, Giovanna Stefania Colafati, Valentina Bertaina, Marco Becilli, Angela Mastronuzzi, Francesco Fabozzi, Monica Gunetti, Stefano Iacovelli, Rossana Bugianesi, Stefania Macchia, Giuseppina Li Pira, Maria Giuseppina Cefalo, Giovanna Leone, Giada Del Baldo, Biagio De Angelis, Franco Locatelli
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Longitudinal increase in physical activity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes following the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dong-Hyuk Cho, Sae Young Jae, Setor Kunutsor, Jimi Choi, Jun Gyo Gwon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2025)

Objectives Physical activity (PA) provides protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. However, recommending moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) to patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) raises concerns owing to potential risk of recurrent ACS or fatal arrhythmias. This study investigated the association between longitudinal PA changes following an ACS diagnosis and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes, including non-fatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Methods This longitudinal cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Service data from 2010 to 2017, comprising 30 840 patients diagnosed with ACS following invasive coronary angiography or bypass surgery. Leisure-time PA was self-reported, with the frequency and intensity measured weekly. The primary endpoint was a composite of nonfatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models assessed the association between PA changes and cardiovascular outcomes. Results Among patients with ACS (mean age: 60±11 years, men: 81.3%), mean PA levels increased from 544±556 metabolic equivalent task (MET)-min/week to 594±567 MET-min/week. Over 6.7 years of median follow-up, 5639 cardiovascular events occurred. Increased PA was associated with lower cardiovascular event risk (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Consistent MVPA pre-ACS and post-ACS reduced cardiovascular event risk (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96) and MVPA initiation showed a modest risk reduction (HR: 0.91, MET-min/95% CI 0.82 to 1.01). Conclusions Longitudinal increases in self-reported PA, maintenance of MVPA and possibly MVPA initiation after ACS reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. Initiating or maintaining MVPA could be an important strategy in improving cardiovascular outcomes following ACS.