tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12818: KPNA4 Mediates Vitamin D-Dependent Inhibition of NF-kB Activity in Swine Epicardial Preadipocytes
Authors: Songcang Chen, Chandra Boosani, Devendra K Agrawal
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Inflammatory phenotype of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) could determine the pathophysiology of coronary heart disease. However, what triggers the in ammatory response in adipose tissue remains unknown. We found that vitamin D-deficient swine administered with hypercholesterolemic diet displayed increased expression of NF-κβ target genes, including MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6, and inflammation in EAT, suggesting that vitamin D signaling negatively regulates NF-κβ activation. To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D-dependent inhibition of NF-κβ in EAT, we isolated and cultured primary preadipocytes from swine EAT. We found 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3) inhibited mRNA expression of karyopherin-α4 (KPNA4), a shuttling protein critical for NF-κβ nuclear translocation. The maximum inhibitory effect of VD3 was ~70%. The reduction in the mRNA transcripts was accompanied with decreased KPNA4 protein levels. To determine the anti-inflammatory effect of VD3 in EAT, preadipocytes were incubated with VD3 for 24 hrs and treated with 10ng/ml TNF-α for 20 min. TNF-α markedly increased nuclear p65 and p50 levels compared with controls. Pretreatment with VD3 resulted in a 60-65% reduction of TNF-α-induced p65 and p50 nuclear translocation. To determine a mechanistic link between vitamin D-dependent reduction of KPNA4 and suppression of NF-κβ activation, we transfected cells with KPNA4 expression vector with NF-κβ -luciferase/renilla-luciferase treated with VD3 in the presence of TNF-α. Treatment with TNF-α led to a 5-fold increase in NF-κβ luciferase activity normalized to renilla-luciferase activity, which was reduced by about 60% with VD3 treatment. Co-transfection with KPNA4 expression vector, which rescued the reduced KPNA4 shuttle number, significantly decreased VD3-dependent inhibition of TNF-α-induced NF-κβ activation, suggesting that KPNA4 is a target responsible for vitamin D-mediated suppression of NF-κβ activation in preadipocytes. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D signaling in EAT and help to explore the potential utility of vitamin D supplementation for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract 13150: Daytime Sleepiness Makes Heart Failure Medication Nonadherence More Common
Authors: Barbara Riegel, Stephen Moelter, Susan Pressler, Sabina De Geest, William Weintraub, Sheryl Potashnik, Daohang Sha, Terri E Weaver, Lee Goldberg, Sarah Ratcliffe
Journal: Circulation (2010)

A relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and poor treatment adherence has been suspected but not confirmed. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which EDS inf...
TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA WITH SERUM CONTAINING TYPE-SPECIFIC, HETEROPHILE, AND NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES
Authors: Verner B. Callomon, John Ungar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Article1 June 1936TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA WITH SERUM CONTAINING TYPE-SPECIFIC, HETEROPHILE, AND NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIESVERNER B. CALLOMON, M.D., JOHN UNGAR JR., M.D.VERNER B. CALLOMON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN UNGAR JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-12-1664 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe value of the conventional antipneumococcus sera, both unconcentrated and concentrated, has been shown to lie for the greater part in their content of type-specific protective antibodies. Unfortunately, their field of usefulness has been restricted chiefly to Type I infections, although there is some evidence of activity in Type II and in Types VII and VIII infections.1 In Type III and most Group IV infections evidence of any curative value is lacking. For some years immunologic observations have been accumulating which have led to the preparation of an antipneumococcus serum containing additional immune factors.In 1911 Forssman2observed that the...Bibliography1. BELK WPStatistical reports to date summarized by : The specific treatment of lobar pneumonia, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1935, cv, 868. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. FORSSMAN J: Die Herstellung hochwertiger spezifischer Schafhämolysine ohne Verwendung von Schafblut. Ein Beitrag zur Lehre von heterologer Antikörperbildung, Biochem. Ztschr., 1911, xxxvii, 78. Google Scholar3. BAILEYSHORB GHMS: Heterophile antigen in pneumococci, Am. Jr. Hyg., 1931, xiii, 831. Google Scholar4. FINLANDRUEGSEGGERFELTON MJMLD: Heterophile antibodies in pneumonia, Jr. Clin. Invest., 1935, xiv, 683. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. BAILEYSHORB GHMS: Immunological relationships of pneumococci and other heterophile antigens and biological significance in pneumococcus infections, Am. Jr. Hyg., 1933, xvii, 358. Google Scholar6. JAMIESONPOWELL WAHM: Further studies on the immunology of the pneumococcus, Am. Jr. Hyg., 1931, xiii, 823. Google Scholar7. POWELLJAMIESONBAILEYHYDE HMWAGHRR: A comparative study of antipneumococcus serum containing heterophile antibody, Am. Jr. Hyg., 1933, xvii, 102. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania*Received for publication December 13, 1935.From the Section on Respiratory Diseases, Division of Medicine, Allegheny General Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Pneumonien 1 June 1936Volume 9, Issue 12Page: 1664-1676KeywordsAntibodiesChartsHeart rateHospital medicineImmune serumPneumoniaPulmonary diseasesRespirationTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Focus on symptoms to improve early diagnosis, new cancer guidance says
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Typical symptoms that GPs are likely to see in patients form the basis of new guidance on the diagnosis of cancer that experts believe will lead to earlier diagnosis and fewer deaths.

The new guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) covers 37 cancers, took three years to develop, and was based on a detailed review of the evidence.1 It updates previous advice issued in 2005 that was ordered by cancer type.

Speaking at the launch of the guidance, Mark Baker, clinical practice director at NICE, said that earlier diagnosis was one of the areas where the NHS had made little progress during the 20 years of its cancer strategy. The new guideline was “a major plank” in tackling that and “uniquely presents the evidence in …
THE NEEDS OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY.
Authors: E U Reed
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 267: A Single Dose of Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein Reduces Expression of Tissue-Factor In Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Hosaam H Nasr, Ian M Loftus, Saiqa Sayed, Alun Jones, Evelyn Torsney, Matthew M Thompson, Gillian W Cockerill
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Multiple infusions of HDLs have been shown to mediate approximately 4% reduction in plaque volume. This may relate to removal of intra-plaque lipid, but the precise mechanism is unknown. To test the hypothesis that HDLs may influence plaque stabilisation through modulating transcription, we examined the effects of a single dose of rHDL on expression of thrombomodulatory genes in carotid plaques. Materials and Methods: Forty patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were stratified to three groups: early symptomatics ( n =12, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) 1month before CEA)late symptomatics ( n =14, stroke/TIA &gt; 1month before CEA); and asymptomatics ( n =12). RNA was isolated from plaques following CEA, and expression of the thrombomodulatory genes, tissue factor (TF); tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI); thrombomodulin (TM); tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA); urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), measured using QRT-RT-PCR. Nine patients with early symptomatic carotid disease, undergoing CEA, were then randomised to infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) 80mg/kg Apo A-I ( n =4) or a similar volume of phosphate buffered saline ( n =5). Plaque specimens were collected 24 hrs later and RNA isolated for QRT-RT- PCR measurement of thrombomodulatory gene expression. Results: A significant difference in TF, TM, tPA and PAI-1 genes were observed in the 3 patient groups (see Table 1 ). In the rHDL group, a single dose of rHDL reduced the expression of TF (0.71 (0.65–0.75) vs 0.98 (0.81–1.14), P=0.05). No significant difference was observed in other thrombomodulatory factors between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Plaque stabilisation, which occurs within one month of a clinical event may be facilitated, at the transcriptional level, following rHDL infusion. We hope to report a larger double blind placebo controlled trial which will determine the full effects of rHDLs on plaque stability. Table 1
VARIATIONS IN RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: L. Mary Moench
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 February 1937VARIATIONS IN RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIAL. MARY MOENCH, M.D.L. MARY MOENCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-8-1115 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdequate treatment of pernicious anemia should result in the restoration of a normal blood picture and in the disappearance of those symptoms and signs which are not due to irreversible tissue changes. It is necessary to know the amount of potent factor required to bring the erythrocytes to normal and to maintain these cells at such a level. It is also important to determine whether, in spite of apparently adequate therapy, a significant fall in the red blood cell count may occur. If such a fall occurs we should like to know whether it is attended by other evidence of...Bibliography1. WINTROBE WM: Blood of normal men and women, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 1933, liii, 118-130. Google Scholar2. MURPHY WP: Treatment of pernicious anemia with injections of a highly concentrated solution of liver extract, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1936, cxci, 597-607. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. STURGIS CC: The present status of pernicious anemia, ANN. INT. MED., 1936, x, 283-289. Google Scholar4. WOLTMAN HW: Brain changes associated with pernicious anemia, Arch. Int. Med., 1918, xxi, 791-838. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. HAMILTONNIXON , cited by Woltman (personal communication to the author). Google Scholar6. GRINKERKANDEL RRE: Pernicious anemia, Arch. Int. Med., 1934, liv, 851-871. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. CASTLEMINOT WBGP: Pathological physiology and clinical description of the anemias, Oxford Med., 1936, Monograph (Oxford University Press). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication December 8, 1936.From the New York Hospital and the Department of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College.†LEXTRON: (Eli Lilly)-Liver Stomach Concentrate 0.455 gm.; Ammonium Citrate (Green) 0.2 gm. Adsorbed Vitamin B—0.016 gm. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPernicious Anemia * 1 February 1937Volume 10, Issue 8Page: 1115-1129KeywordsBloodBlood countsCellsFallsHospital medicinePernicious anemiaRed blood cellsSigns and symptomsStomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P389: Low Total Testosterone is Associated with Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in a Large Group of Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Patricia V Mena, Lori B Croft, Rupa L Iyengar, Michael A Pfeffer, Simonette T Sawit, Cynara Maceda, Brian J Beckford, Narayan Escolin, Jacqueline Moline, Mary Ann McLaughlin
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Testosterone is linked with cardiovascular mortality among healthy men between the ages of 40-79. Studies have shown that testosterone affects left ventricular (LV) performance. In addi...
Quinidine Therapy in the Treatment of Cardiac Irregularities Due to Hyperthyroidism
Authors: J. P. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 January 1932Quinidine Therapy in the Treatment of Cardiac Irregularities Due to HyperthyroidismJ. P. ANDERSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. P. ANDERSON, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-7-825 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptQuinidine sulphate has rightfully earned a permanent place in the treatment of cardiac irregularities, especially those which are secondary to hyperthyroidism. The heart rhythm naturally tends to return to normal after thyroidectomy alone but by the addition of quinidine therapy the number of restorations to normal rhythm can be increased greatly.The percentage of cases in which the heart rhythm returns to normal after thyroidectomy alone depends chiefly on the following factors: (1) the duration of the irregularity of the heart rhythm previous to operation; (2) the degree of arteriosclerosis and myocardial degeneration; (3) the age of the patient; (4)... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cleveland, Ohio*Presented at the Baltimore meeting of the American College of Physicians, March 26, 1931.†From The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPreoperative and postoperative treatment of the toxic thyroidAuricular fibrillation in Graves' diseaseThe incidence of auricular fibrillation and results of quinidine therapy 1 January 1932Volume 5, Issue 7Page: 825-828KeywordsHeartHyperthyroidismThyroidectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lack of association between polymorphisms in the 5-HT2A receptor gene and the antipsychotic response to clozapine
Authors: A K Malhotra, D Goldman, N Ozaki, A Breier, R Buchanan, D Pickar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors' goal was to determine whether either of two 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms, 102-T/C and 452-His/Tyr, are associated with clozapine response.Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) ratings were obtained in 70 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder to determine their response to clozapine compared with a typical neuroleptic. Patients were genotyped with the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Neither 102-T/C nor 452-His/Tyr was associated with clozapine response. There were no significant differences in BPRS scores among patients with different 5-HT2A genotypes at week 10 of clozapine administration.Allelic variation in the 5-HT2A gene is not associated with individual differences in clozapine response.
Abstract 5013: Body Mass Index is the Main Determinant of High On-treatment Platelet Reactivity and of Failed Dose Adjustment According to Platelet Reactivity Monitoring
Authors: N Bonello, S Armero, F Paganelli, J Mancini, L Maillard, A de Labriolle, P Barragan, Caroline Bonello, F Dignat-George, L Camoin-Jau, Laurent Bonello
Journal: Circulation (2009)

High on-treatment platelet reactivity(HTPR) after clopidogrel loading dose(LD) predicts the risk of thrombotic events after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). We have demonstrated that HTPR could be overcome in the majority of cases using dose-adjustment according to PR monitoring resulting in an improved clinical outcome. However this strategy failed in 10% of patients with HTPR. Cytochromes(CYP)2C19 polymorphism is a major determinant of the response to clopidogrel and could be responsible for dose-adjustment failure. We aimed to determine predictors of a failure of the dose-adjustment strategy. Seventy-three patients undergoing PCI were included in this prospective multicentre study. A VASP index ≥ 50% after a 600mg LD of clopidogrel defined HTPR. Dose-adjustment was performed according to PR monitoring to reach a VASP index &lt; 50%. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 was determined by direct sequencing. Clinical predictors of HTPR were BMI(p=0.01), diabetes(p=0.03) and acute coronary syndrome(p=0.02). The mutant 2* allele of CYP2C19 681A&gt;G loss of function polymorphism was also significantly associated with HTPR(p=0.04). The rate of successful dose adjustment was similar in carriers of the CYP2C19*2 allele and carriers of the wild-type allele. The only independent predictor of a failed dose-adjustment was a high BMI(p=0.01). In conclusion, high BMI, acute coronary syndrome, diabetes and CYP2C19*2 are associated with HTPR after a 600mg LD of clopidogrel. Dose-adjustment overcomes HTPR in carriers of the CYP2C19*2 allele. BMI is the only independent predictor of failed dose adjustment. Thus drug under-dosage seems to be the main determinant of HTPR.
Suspected cancer (part 2--adults): reference tables from updated NICE guidance
Authors: W. Hamilton, S. Hajioff, J. Graham, M. Schmidt-Hansen
Journal: BMJ (2015)

#### The bottom line It is generally believed that early diagnosis of cancer reduces mortality and morbidity. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has updated its 2005 guidance on the recognition and referral from primary care of people with suspected cancer.1 The full guidance will be available on bmj.com. This summary of the full guidance is in two parts: part 1 on recommendations for children (up to 15 years old) and young adults (16-24 years), and part 2 on those for adults. Separate recommendations have been made for adults and for children and young people to reflect that there are different referral pathways. However, in practice, young people (aged 16-24) may be referred using either an adult or children's pathway depending on their age and local arrangements. Key changes in the updated guidance are: This guidance:
Abstract 2454: Nondipping of the Sleeping Pulse Rate in Nondipper Hypertensives is a Synergistic Risk of Stroke
Authors: Tomoyuki Kabutoya, Satoshi Hoshide, Joji Ishikawa, Kazuo Eguchi, Kazuyuki Shimada, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Nondipper refers to a subgroup of patients showing abnormal diurnal blood pressure (BP) variation which is associated with cardiovascular events. However, there have been few reports on...
Treatment of Trichinosis
Authors: V. D. van Someren
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To report a case of Fahr’s disease and discuss diagnostic challenges. <h3>Background:</h3> Fahr’s disease or bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis presents with movement disorders and/or behavioral disturbances also seen in dementia with Lewy bodies and autoimmune encephalitis. The imaging hallmark of Fahr’s disease is calcification of the basal ganglia that can be seen on brain computed tomography (CT) scan. However, basal ganglia calcification may also occur in healthy, asymptomatic adults, so this feature may be read as normal age-related change. Therefore, the non-specificity of symptoms and imaging findings pose a challenge to diagnosis of Fahr’s disease. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Case Report <h3>Results:</h3> The patient was a 76-year-old woman with a 1-year history of non-amnestic cognitive impairment with delusions. Family history included schizophrenia in the mother. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans showed mild generalized atrophy and calcification in the basal ganglia and cerebellum that was reported as benign. She was initially diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies and given antipsychotic medications, but her delusions persisted. Subsequent blood tests showed elevated antithyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody, suggesting Hashimoto’s encephalitis. She did not respond to steroid medication and soon died from complications of acute pancreatitis. Post-mortem neuropathologic evaluation revealed severe and extensive cerebrovascular mineralization, moderate arteriosclerosis, and no sign of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. These results are strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of Fahr’s disease. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> In cases of non-amnestic cognitive impairment with psychiatric manifestation, calcification on CT or MRI should be weighted more heavily as a sign of disease. It is plausible that the mother’s psychosis was actually caused by Fahr’s disease rather than schizophrenia. A positive family history of psychosis with presence of widespread calcification should put Fahr’s disease top on the differential. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Fitzmorris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bit-Ivan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bit-Ivan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bonakdarpour has nothing to disclose.
Placenta Praevia
Authors: T. W. Roddie
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The island colony of Singapore now has an estimated population of approximately 1.4 millions.This includes Chinese, Malaysians, Indians, Pakistanis, Europeans, and Eurasians, and is increasing rapidly: in 1931 there were 20,000 births as compared with 54,000 in 1953.The city becomes more crowded every day, and in the out- skirts the expansion overruns the supply of urban ameni- ties and leads to slum conditions.Even apart from this the older areas of the city are already badly overcrowded.Since the end of the second world war the demands of this increasing population have been made more urgent by a growing confidence in Western medical techniques.During 1953, 156,984 patients attended the Kandang Kerbau Hospital and 23,807 cases were admitted.The number of deiveries in the hospital during the two years 1953 and 1954 was 38,259, so that it is inevitable that over this period a considerable number of cases of placenta praevia have occurred. IncidenceThe actual number of cases of placenta praevia met with during these two years was 286, an incidence of 1 in every 133 deliveries, or 0.7%.Other centres report incidences ranging from 0.32% to 2%.A series of 112 cases reported by Schmitz et al. (1954) represented an incidence of 0.6%; Paalman and Hunt (1949) record an incidence of 1.12% at the Mayo Clinic; and King and Chun (1945) one of 0.78%.This last figure, obtained in Hong Kong, is very close to that found in Singapore.In the present series the greatest incidence was in the age group 30-39 years (138 cases); in the age group up to 29 years there were 110 cases, and from the age of 40 years onwards 38 cases.