tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Errors in Numbers of Participants in Studies Included in Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chuanjun Zhuo
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

To the Editor On behalf of my coauthor, I write to report errors in our Original Investigation, "Association of Schizophrenia With the Risk of Breast Cancer Incidence: A Meta-Analysis,"1 published online first on March 7, 2018, and in the April 2018 issue of JAMA Psychiatry.
Physical Activity and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women
Authors: Kerem Shuval, David Leonard, Laura F. DeFina, Carolyn E. Barlow, Jarett D. Berry, William M. Turlington, Andjelka Pavlovic, Nina B. Radford, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Amit Khera, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Prior cross-sectional studies have suggested that very high levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC). However, less is known regarding the association between high-volume PA and progression of CAC over time.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Approach for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Research Participation
Authors: Sarah L. Mayer, Michelle R. Brajcich, Lionola Juste, Jesse Y. Hsu, Nadir Yehya
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance While disparities in consent rates for research have been reported in multiple adult and pediatric settings, limited data informing enrollment in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) research are available. Acute care settings such as the PICU present unique challenges for study enrollment, given the highly stressful and emotional environment for caregivers and the time-sensitive nature of the studies. Objective To determine whether race and ethnicity, language, religion, and Social Deprivation Index (SDI) were associated with disparate approach and consent rates in PICU research. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was performed at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia PICU between July 1, 2011, and December 31, 2021. Participants included patients eligible for studies requiring prospective consent. Data were analyzed from February 2 to July 26, 2022. Exposure Exposures included race and ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, White, and other), language (Arabic, English, Spanish, and other), religion (Christian, Jewish, Muslim, none, and other), and SDI (composite of multiple socioeconomic indicators). Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariable regressions separately tested associations between the 4 exposures (race and ethnicity, language, religion, and SDI) and 3 outcomes (rates of approach among eligible patients, consent among eligible patients, and consent among those approached). The degree to which reduced rates of approach mediated the association between lower consent in Black children was also assessed. Results Of 3154 children included in the study (median age, 6 [IQR, 1.9-12.5] years; 1691 [53.6%] male), rates of approach and consent were lower for Black and Hispanic families and those of other races, speakers of Arabic and other languages, Muslim families, and those with worse SDI. Among children approached for research, lower consent odds persisted for those of Black race (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.97]; adjusted OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.93]) relative to White race. Mediation analysis revealed that 51.0% (95% CI, 11.8%-90.2%) of the reduced odds of consent for Black individuals was mediated by lower probability of approach. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of consent rates for PICU research, multiple sociodemographic factors were associated with lower rates of consent, partly attributable to disparate rates of approach. These findings suggest opportunities for reducing disparities in PICU research participation.
Pediatric Trauma Center Access, Regional Injury Burden, and Socioeconomic Disadvantage
Authors: Dong G. Hur, Alexander L. Ren, Tiffany M. Yue, David A. Spain, Jeff Choi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

This cross-sectional study assesses whether populations in socioeconomically disadvantaged regions in the US lack timely access to pediatric trauma centers.
The role of DNA in the pathogenesis of SLE: DNA as a molecular chameleon
Authors: David S Pisetsky, Alan Herbert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterised by antibodies to DNA (anti-DNA) and other nuclear macromolecules. Anti-DNA antibodies are markers for classification and disease activity and promote pathogenesis by forming immune complexes that deposit in the tissue or stimulate cytokine production. Studies on the antibody response to DNA have focused primarily on a conformation of DNA known as B-DNA, the classic right-handed double helix. Among other conformations of DNA, Z-DNA is a left-handed helix with a zig-zag backbone; hence, the term Z-DNA. Z-DNA formation is favoured by certain base sequences, with the energetically unfavourable flip from B-DNA to Z-DNA dependent on conditions. Z-DNA differs from B-DNA in its immunogenicity in animal models. Furthermore, anti-Z-DNA antibodies, but not anti-B-DNA antibodies, can be present in otherwise healthy individuals. In SLE, antibodies to Z-DNA can occur in association with antibodies to B-DNA as a cross-reactive response, rising and falling together. While formed transiently in chromosomal DNA, Z-DNA is stably present in bacterial biofilms; biofilms can provide protection against antibiotics and other challenges including elements of host defence. The high GC content of certain bacterial DNA also favours Z-DNA formation as do DNA-binding proteins of bacterial or host origin. Together, these findings suggest that sources of Z-DNA can enhance the immunogenicity of DNA and, in SLE, stimulate the production of cross-reactive antibodies that bind both B-DNA and Z-DNA. As such, DNA can act as a molecular chameleon that, when stabilised in the Z-DNA conformation, can drive autoimmunity.
Disparities in Patient Portal Engagement Among Patients With Hypertension Treated in Primary Care
Authors: Rasha Khatib, Nicole Glowacki, Eva Chang, Julie Lauffenburger, Mark J. Pletcher, Alvia Siddiqi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Patient portals are increasingly used for patient-clinician communication and to introduce interventions aimed at improving blood pressure control. Objective To characterize patient portal use among patients with hypertension managed in primary care. Design, Settings, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used electronic health records linked with patient portal log file data from a large, diverse Midwestern health care system. Patients with hypertension who had a primary care visit from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, were included. The first visit in 2021 was considered the baseline visit; patient portal engagement was evaluated during the following year. Multivariate logistic regressions, presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, were used to evaluate associations between patient characteristics and patient portal engagement, adjusting for potential confounders. Exposures Primary exposures included 4 sociodemographic factors routinely collected in the electronic health record: race and ethnicity, insurance, preferred language, and smoking status. Main Outcomes and Measures Indicators of patient engagement with the patient portal included accessing the patient portal at least once, accessing the portal within 7 days of at least 50.0% of primary care physician (PCP) visits, frequent logins (&amp;amp;lt;28 vs ≥28), messaging (&amp;amp;lt;2 vs ≥2), and sharing home blood pressure readings. Results Among 366 871 patients (mean [SD], 63.5 [12.6] years), 52.8% were female, 3.4% were Asian, 7.8% were Hispanic, 19.7% were non-Hispanic Black, 66.9% were non-Hispanic White, and 2.3% were of other race or ethnicity. During the 1-year study period starting in 2021, 70.5% accessed the patient portal at least once, 60.2% accessed around the time of their PCP visits, 35.7% accessed the portal frequently, 28.9% engaged in messaging, and 8.7% shared home blood pressure readings. Compared with White patients, non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients had lower odds of any access (Black: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.52-0.54; Hispanic: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.64-0.68), access around PCP visit time (Black: OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.48-0.50; Hispanic: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.60-0.64), frequent access (Black: OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.55-0.57; Hispanic: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.73), and messaging (Black: OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.61-0.64); Hispanic: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69-0.73). Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study of patients with hypertension found clear sociodemographic disparities in patient portal engagement among those treated in primary care. Without special efforts to engage patients with portals, interventions that use patient portals to target hypertension may exacerbate disparities.
Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 vs Influenza in Fall-Winter 2023-2024
Authors: Yan Xie, Taeyoung Choi, Ziyad Al-Aly
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This cohort study evaluates the risk of death in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 or seasonal influenza following the emergence of the JN.1 variant in winter 2023.
Poetry and the Meaning of Care
Authors: Rafael Campo
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tumor-associated NK cells drive MDSC-mediated tumor immune tolerance through the IL-6/STAT3 axis
Authors: Shi Yong Neo, Le Tong, Joni Chong, Yaxuan Liu, Xu Jing, Mariana M. S. Oliveira, Yi Chen, Ziqing Chen, Keene Lee, Nutsa Burduli, Xinsong Chen, Juan Gao, Ran Ma, Jia Pei Lim, Jianxin Huo, Shengli Xu, Evren Alici, Stina L. Wickström, Felix Haglund, Johan Hartman, Arnika K. Wagner, Yihai Cao, Rolf Kiessling, Kong Peng Lam, Lisa S. Westerberg, Andreas Lundqvist
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Apart from their killer identity, natural killer (NK) cells have integral roles in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Through immune gene deconvolution, the present study revealed an interplay between NK cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in nonresponders of immune checkpoint therapy. Given that the mechanisms governing the outcome of NK cell–to–myeloid cell interactions remain largely unknown, we sought to investigate the cross-talk between NK cells and suppressive myeloid cells. Upon contact with tumor-experienced NK cells, monocytes and neutrophils displayed increased expression of MDSC-related suppressive factors along with increased capacities to suppress T cells. These changes were accompanied by impaired antigen presentation by monocytes and increased ER stress response by neutrophils. In a cohort of patients with sarcoma and breast cancer, the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by tumor-infiltrating NK cells correlated with S100A8/9 and arginase-1 expression by MDSCs. At the same time, NK cell–derived IL-6 was associated with tumors with higher major histocompatibility complex class I expression, which we further validated with b2m -knockout (KO) tumor mice models. Similarly in syngeneic wild-type and IL-6 KO mouse models, we then demonstrated that the accumulation of MDSCs was influenced by the presence of such regulatory NK cells. Inhibition of the IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis alleviated suppression of T cell responses, resulting in reduced tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Together, these results characterize a critical NK cell–mediated mechanism that drives the development of MDSCs during tumor immune escape.
Pertuzumab Plus Trastuzumab in Patients With Biliary Tract Cancer With <i>ERBB2/3</i> Alterations: Results From the Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry Study
Authors: Timothy L. Cannon, Michael Rothe, Pam K. Mangat, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Vi K. Chiu, Jimmy Hwang, Namrata Vijayvergia, Olatunji B. Alese, Elie G. Dib, Herbert L. Duvivier, Kelsey A. Klute, Vaibhav Sahai, Eugene R. Ahn, Pablo Bedano, Deepti Behl, Sarah Sinclair, Ramya Thota, Walter J. Urba, Eddy S. Yang, Gina N. Grantham, Dominique C. Hinshaw, Abigail Gregory, Susan Halabi, Richard L. Schilsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE Targeted Agent and Profiling Utilization Registry is a phase II basket trial evaluating the antitumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in patients with advanced cancer and genomic alterations known to be drug targets. Results of a cohort of patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) with ERBB2/3 amplification, overexpression, or mutation treated with pertuzumab plus trastuzumab are reported. METHODS Eligible patients had advanced BTC, measurable disease (RECIST v1.1), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, adequate organ function, tumors with ERBB2/3 alterations, and a lack of standard treatment options. Simon's two-stage design was used with a primary end point of disease control (DC), defined as objective response (OR) or stable disease of at least 16+ weeks duration (SD16+) according to RECIST v1.1. Secondary end points included OR, progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, duration of stable disease, and safety. RESULTS Twenty-nine patients were enrolled from February 2017 to January 2022, and all had advanced BTC with an ERBB2/3 alteration. One patient was not evaluable for efficacy. One complete response, eight partial responses, and two SD16+ were observed for DC and OR rates of 40% (90% CI, 27 to 100) and 32% (95% CI, 16 to 52), respectively. The null hypothesis of 15% DC rate was rejected ( P = .0015). Four patients had at least one grade 3 adverse event (AE) or serious AE at least possibly related to treatment: anemia, diarrhea, infusion-related reaction, and fatigue. CONCLUSION Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab met prespecified criteria to declare a signal of activity in patients with BTC and ERBB2/3 amplification, overexpression, or mutation.
Palliative Care for Patients With Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update
Authors: Justin J. Sanders, Sarah Temin, Arun Ghoshal, Erin R. Alesi, Zipporah Vunoro Ali, Cynthia Chauhan, James F. Cleary, Andrew S. Epstein, Janice I. Firn, Joshua A. Jones, Mark R. Litzow, Debra Lundquist, Mabel Alejandra Mardones, Ryan David Nipp, Michael W. Rabow, William E. Rosa, Camilla Zimmermann, Betty R. Ferrell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

To provide evidence-based guidance to oncology clinicians, patients, nonprofessional caregivers, and palliative care clinicians to update the 2016 ASCO guideline on the integration of palliative care into standard oncology for all patients diagnosed with cancer.
Interplay between α‐thalassemia and β‐hemoglobinopathies: Translating genotype–phenotype relationships into therapies
Authors: Jim Vadolas, Tiwaporn Nualkaew, Hsiao P J Voon, Shahla Vilcassim, George Grigoriadis
Journal: HemaSphere (2024)

Abstract α‐Thalassemia represents one of the most important genetic modulators of β‐hemoglobinopathies. During this last decade, the ongoing interest in characterizing genotype–phenotype relationships has yielded incredible insights into α‐globin gene regulation and its impact on β‐hemoglobinopathies. In this review, we provide a holistic update on α‐globin gene expression stemming from DNA to RNA to protein, as well as epigenetic mechanisms that can impact gene expression and potentially influence phenotypic outcomes. Here, we highlight defined α‐globin targeted strategies and rationalize the use of distinct molecular targets based on the restoration of balanced α/β‐like globin chain synthesis. Considering the therapies that either increase β‐globin synthesis or reactivate γ‐globin gene expression, the modulation of α‐globin chains as a disease modifier for β‐hemoglobinopathies still remains largely uncharted in clinical studies.
Identification of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer by proteomic analysis in two prospective cohorts
Authors: Jingjing Lyu, Minghui Jiang, Ziwei Zhu, Hongji Wu, Haonan Kang, Xingjie Hao, Shanshan Cheng, Huan Guo, Xia Shen, Tangchun Wu, Jiang Chang, Chaolong Wang
Journal: Cell Genomics (2024)

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the deadliest malignancy due to late diagnosis. Aberrant alterations in the blood proteome might serve as biomarkers to facilitate early detection of PC. We designed a nested case-control study of incident PC based on a prospective cohort of 38,295 elderly Chinese participants with ∼5.7 years' follow-up. Forty matched case-control pairs passed the quality controls for the proximity extension assay of 1,463 serum proteins. With a lenient threshold of p < 0.005, we discovered regenerating family member 1A (REG1A), REG1B, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and phospholipase A2 group IB (PLA2G1B) in association with incident PC, among which the two REG1 proteins were replicated using the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project, with effect sizes increasing steadily as diagnosis time approaches the baseline. Mendelian randomization analysis further supported the potential causal effects of REG1 proteins on PC. Taken together, circulating REG1A and REG1B are promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for the early detection and prevention of PC.
SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike ferritin nanoparticle vaccine adjuvanted with Army Liposome Formulation containing monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21: a phase 1, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human clinical trial
Authors: Brittany L Ober Shepherd, Paul T Scott, Jack N Hutter, Christine Lee, Melanie D McCauley, Ivelese Guzman, Christopher Bryant, Sarah McGuire, Jessie Kennedy, Wei-Hung Chen, Agnes Hajduczki, Thembi Mdluli, Anais Valencia-Ruiz, Mihret F Amare, Gary R Matyas, Mangala Rao, Morgane Rolland, John R Mascola, Stephen C De Rosa, M Juliana McElrath, David C Montefiori, Leonid Serebryannyy, Adrian B McDermott, Sheila A Peel, Natalie D Collins, M Gordon Joyce, Merlin L Robb, Nelson L Michael, Sandhya Vasan, Kayvon Modjarrad
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2024)
Artificial intelligence-based classification of breast lesion from contrast enhanced mammography: a multicenter study
Authors: Haicheng Zhang, Fan Lin, Tiantian Zheng, Jing Gao, Zhongyi Wang, Kun Zhang, Xiang Zhang, Cong Xu, Feng Zhao, Haizhu Xie, Qin Li, Kun Cao, Yajia Gu, Ning Mao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Purpose: The authors aimed to establish an artificial intelligence (AI)-based method for preoperative diagnosis of breast lesions from contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) and to explore its biological mechanism. Materials and methods: This retrospective study includes 1430 eligible patients who underwent CEM examination from June 2017 to July 2022 and were divided into a construction set ( n =1101), an internal test set ( n =196), and a pooled external test set ( n =133). The AI model adopted RefineNet as a backbone network, and an attention sub-network, named convolutional block attention module (CBAM), was built upon the backbone for adaptive feature refinement. An XGBoost classifier was used to integrate the refined deep learning features with clinical characteristics to differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions. The authors further retrained the AI model to distinguish in situ and invasive carcinoma among breast cancer candidates. RNA-sequencing data from 12 patients were used to explore the underlying biological basis of the AI prediction. Results: The AI model achieved an area under the curve of 0.932 in diagnosing benign and malignant breast lesions in the pooled external test set, better than the best-performing deep learning model, radiomics model, and radiologists. Moreover, the AI model has also achieved satisfactory results (an area under the curve from 0.788 to 0.824) for the diagnosis of in situ and invasive carcinoma in the test sets. Further, the biological basis exploration revealed that the high-risk group was associated with the pathways such as extracellular matrix organization. Conclusions: The AI model based on CEM and clinical characteristics had good predictive performance in the diagnosis of breast lesions.
Morbidity and mortality among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer over six decades: a Swedish population-based cohort study (the Rebuc study)
Authors: Margaretha Stenmarker, Panagiotis Mallios, Elham Hedayati, Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg, Aina Johnsson, Joakim Alfredsson, Bertil Ekman, Karin Garming Legert, Maria Borland, Johan Mellergård, Moa Eriksson, Ina Marteinsdottir, Thomas Davidson, Lars Engerström, Malte Sandsveden, Robin Keskisärkkä, Martin Singull, Laila Hubbert
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)
A tantalum-containing zirconium-based metallic glass with superior endosseous implant relevant properties
Authors: Yunshu Wu, Feifei Wang, Yao Huang, Fu Zheng, Yuhao Zeng, Zhen Lu, Songlin Wang, Baoan Sun, Yuchun Sun
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Zirconium-based metallic glasses (Zr-MGs) are demonstrated to exhibit high mechanical strength, low elastic modulus and excellent biocompatibility, making them promising materials for endosseous implants. Meanwhile, tantalum (Ta) is also well known for its ideal corrosion resistance and biological effects. However, the metal has an elastic modulus as high as 186 GPa which is not comparable to the natural bone (10-30 GPa), and it also has a relative high cost. Here, to fully exploit the advantages of Ta as endosseous implants, a small amount of Ta (as low as 3 at. %) was successfully added into a Zr-MG to generate an advanced functional endosseous implant, Zr
Antihypertensive medication classes and risk of incident dementia in primary care patients: a longitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands
Authors: Jakob L. Schroevers, Marieke P. Hoevenaar-Blom, Wim B. Busschers, Monika Hollander, Willem A. Van Gool, Edo Richard, Jan Willem Van Dalen, Eric P. Moll van Charante
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor for dementia affecting over 70% of individuals older than 60. Lowering dementia risk through preferential treatment with antihypertensive medication (AHM) classes that are otherwise equivalent in indication could offer a cost-effective, safe, and accessible approach to reducing dementia incidence globally. Certain AHM-classes have been associated with lower dementia risk, potentially attributable to angiotensin-II-receptor (Ang-II) stimulating properties. Previous study results have been inconclusive, possibly due to heterogeneous methodology and limited power. We aimed to comprehensively investigate associations between AHM (sub-)classes and dementia risk using large-scale continuous, real-world prescription and outcome data from primary care.