tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 6048: An Indirect Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Factor Xa Inhibitors with Thrombin Inhibitors nn Preventing Venous Thromboembolism after Hip or Knee Surgery
Authors: Ganesan Karthikeyan, John W Eikelboom, Salim Yusuf, Jack Hirsh
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Introduction Selective factor Xa inhibitors and thrombin inhibitors are effective in the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hip or knee surgery, but they have not been compared directly against each other. We performed an indirect comparison of the relative efficacy and safety of these two classes of inhibitors, from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of these agents, in which a low molecular heparin (LMWH) was used as a common comparator. Methods Relevant RCTs were identified by searching MEDLINE (Ovid MEDLINE® 1950 to March week 1, 2008), EMBASE (1980 to 2008, week 10) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1 st quarter 2008), supplemented by hand searching and screening meeting websites. We restricted our search to the five agents (ximelagatran, dabigatran, fondaparinux, idraparinux and rivaroxaban) that have been evaluated in phase III trials. Trials were included if the study drug was compared against a LMWH and was administered in the pre- and/or postoperative (12–24hrs from surgery) period, to patients undergoing elective, hip or knee replacement surgery. The outcomes assessed were total VTE, symptomatic VTE, major bleeding and the need for blood transfusions. We obtained summary estimates (RR and 95% CI) for each outcome for the Xa and thrombin inhibitor studies, using a random-effects model. We then performed indirect comparisons between these estimates using standard statistical methods. Results We included 12 trials (18110 patients) of factor Xa inhibitors (fondaparinux, rivaroxaban) and 10 trials (17777 patients) of thrombin inhibitors (ximelagatran, dabigatran). These agents were compared with enoxaparin, except in two studies where dalteparin was the control agent. On indirect comparison, factor Xa inhibitors were significantly better than thrombin inhibitors in preventing total VTE (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40 – 0.75) and symptomatic VTE (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25– 0.97). There was no difference in the risk of major bleeding (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.71–1.93) or the number of transfusions (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94–1.11). Conclusion Based on this indirect comparison, selective factor Xa inhibitors appear to be more effective than thrombin inhibitors, for the prevention of VTE after elective hip or knee surgery.
Abstract 2856: Prognostic Significance of Frequent Type of Ventricular Arrhythmias Originating From The Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT).
Authors: Shinichi Niwano, Yuko Wakisaka, Hidehira Fukaya, Sayaka Kurokawa, Yoshihiro Yumoto, Masahiko Moriguchi, Tohru Izumi
Journal: Circulation (2007)
The Chemistry and Analysis of Drugs and Medicines.
Authors: Henry Corbin Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3645: RAGE Impairs Angiogenesis Consequent to Femoral Artery Ligation in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Xiaoping Shen, Dmitri Belov, Rosa Rosario, Yoshifumi Naka, Ann Marie Schmidt, Shi Fang Yan
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Previous studies illustrated that blockade/genetic deletion of RAGE prevented aberrant neointimal expansion in atherosclerosis and carotid artery balloon injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that RAGE would contribute to impaired revascularization in the setting of acute femoral artery (FA) ligation, especially in diabetes. Wild type (WT) and RAGE −/− mice were rendered diabetic (D) with streptozotocin (stz); non-diabetic (ND) cohorts were treated with buffer alone. RAGE antigen (Western blotting) was upregulated ≈2.1 fold in the ipsilateral muscle tissue of animals subjected to arterial ligation beginning on day 3 and persisting through 28 days post-operatively; confocal microscopy localized RAGE expression to cells expressing CD31 (EC) and SM actin (SMC). A key proinflammatory RAGE ligand, S100B, was highly upregulated (Western blot) in the ipsilateral muscle tissue from day 1 through 14 after ligation and localized to cells expressing CD45 (inflammatory) and vascular cells (expressing CD31 and SMA). To test the role of RAGE in FA ligation, ND and D mice were subjected to surgery; immediately after surgery, animals received either RAGE ligand-binding decoy soluble RAGE (sRAGE), 200 μg, i/p per day for 7 days) or vehicle, PBS. In D mice, administration of sRAGE resulted in improved blood flow ratios on days 3 and 7 after FA ligation vs. vehicle ( p &lt;0.01). To dissect the particular role of RAGE, we tested homozygous RAGE null mice. Both ND and D RAGE −/− mice displayed improved blood flow ratios (laser Doppler) on days 28 after FA ligation compared to ND and D WT mice ( p &lt;0.05 &amp; p &lt;0.01). Immunohistochemistry staining with CD31 on ipsilateral muscle tissue demonstrated significantly increased microvessel density in D RAGE −/− mice on days 28 after FA ligation compared to D WT mice ( p &lt;0.001). Together, these data link the ligand/RAGE axis to impaired vascular responses consequent to severe tissue ischemia in the peripheral vasculature, particularly in diabetes.
The Diseases of the Endocrine Glands.
Authors: Louis Julius Soffer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Coming from the pen of an eminent investigator in the field of endocrinology, this book could hardly fail to be of great interest. It is, in fact, a scholarly work dealing with the subject from the fundamentals up. The clinical descriptions are excellent and the illustrations well chosen. In view of all this, one is disappointed by the inadequate way in which certain phases are handled, especially therapy. The question of the use of iodine in cases of exophthalmic goiter is dealt with vaguely, and one is aghast at the directions given for the use of thyroid substance in myxedema. Even more surprising is the suggestion that parathormone be used in osteitis fibrosa cystica, and that in the discussion of the treatment of Addison's disease the use of sodium chloride is passed by with a casual sentence. The discussion of obesity is so confused as to be useless, and emphasis
The Suicide Problem in the United States.
Authors: Adolph Dominic Frenay
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-Throughput Profiling of the T-Cell Receptor Gene Repertoire Supports Antigen Drive in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Idiopathic Neutropenia
Authors: Evangelia Stalika, Anastasia Hadzidimitriou, Athanasios Gkoufas, Maria Karypidou, Semeli Mastrodemou, Anna Vardi, Vasilis Bikos, Irene Mavroudi, Sarka Pospisilova, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Maglaveras, Ioanna Chouvarda, Helen Papadaki, Kostas Stamatopoulos
Journal: Blood (2014)
Trastuzumab use and CNS metastasis in Medicare patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: R. Griffiths, D. Lalla, M. Brammer, R. Herbert, J. Doan, M. Danese
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

1123 Background: While trastuzumab was approved in 1998 for treating patients with HER-2-positive MBC, there is little information on its use in the Medicare setting. Methods: We used SEER-Medicare data to examine patterns of trastuzumab use in women diagnosed with MBC . An index date was defined as either the date of diagnosis (stage IV) or of first distant recurrence (stage 0-III). Included patients were diagnosed in 2000–2002, and had their first claim for trastuzumab between their index date and December 31, 2005, the end of the observation period. Patients were divided into those who received trastuzumab as part of their first treatment following their index date (Group A), and those who began trastuzumab after at least one course of chemotherapy (Group B). Chemotherapy agents were grouped into antimicrotubule (vinorelbine, docetaxel, paclitaxel, vincristine), anthracycline (doxorubicin, epirubicin), cyclophosphamide, other, and unknown. Results: 281 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the median (mean) time from the index date to initial chemotherapy and/or trastuzumab treatment was 35 (94) days (range 1–1,587 days). The average duration of trastuzumab use (first to last administration) was 371 days (median 239), during which patients averaged 2.3 trastuzumab claims per month. There were 192 (68%) patients in Group A. The median (mean) time from diagnosis to initial treatment in Group A was 34 (94) days. 64 (33%) received trastuzumab alone, and 121 (63%) received trastuzumab with an antimicrotubule. In Group B (89 patients), the median (mean) time to initial chemotherapy was 41 (92) days. 36 (40%) received anthracycline and/or cyclophosphamide based therapy, 22 (25%) received an antimicrotubule without either an anthracycline or cyclophosphamide. The median (mean) time from initial chemotherapy to initial trastuzumab therapy was 233 (368) days. At that time, 29 (33%) received trastuzumab alone, and 54 (61%) received trastuzumab plus an antimicrotubule. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe patterns of trastuzumab use in Medicare. When used for metastatic breast cancer, trastuzumab was most often provided soon after diagnosis as part of initial treatment, and usually with an antimicrotubule agent. [Table: see text]
Risk Management: Health and Safety in Primary Care
Authors: Nigel Higson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Health and safety law The surgery's health and safety policy Sterilisation techniques Instrument decontamination and usage Cleaning hands Cleaning surfaces Control of infection Contaminated instruments Carriage/storage of drugs and diagnostic agents Spillage of drug or chemical Basic life support Choking Faints Epileptic convulsion Resuscitation equipment Visual display units Avoidance of repetitive strain injury Fire procedure Fire evacuation procedure Contaminated sharps injury Waste disposal procedure (COSHH) Manual handling procedures The work environment First aid box First aid officers Accident book Personal attack and violence Personal risk assessments Immunisation Clinical specimens Product liability Cleaning of premises Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Appendices Further reading.
Abstract 4622: Percutaneous Implantation of a Low Profile, Dry Membrane, Heart Valve in an Integrated Delivery System in the Aortic and Pulmonary Positions: One-month Animal Results
Authors: David Paniagua, Eduardo Induni, Carlos Mejia, David E. Paniagua, Lizy M. Paniagua, Elizabeth Gonzalez, Gilberto DeFreitas, David Fish
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Medical Schools In the United States In Mid-Century
Authors: John E. Deitrick, Robert C. Berson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14900: The Effect of a "Teach to Goal" Telephone Education and Counseling vs. Brief Educational Intervention on Self-Care Behaviors and Heart Failure Symptoms in Low Literacy Latinos
Authors: Aurelia Macabasco-O'Connell, David Baker, Darren DeWalt, Dean Schillinger, Victoria Hawk, Bernice Ruo, Kirsten Bibbin-Domingo, Morris Weinberger, Kathleen Grady, Mark Holmes, Brian Erman, Michael Pignone
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Heart failure (HF) is common and has substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in Spanish-speaking Latinos. Latinos may have difficulty performing self-care (SC) behaviors becau...
The antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice, a widely-used Chinese herb
Authors: Liqiang Wang, Rui Yang, Bochuan Yuan, Ying Liu, Chunsheng Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Licorice is a common herb which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. More than 20 triterpenoids and nearly 300 flavonoids have been isolated from licorice. Recent studies have shown that these metabolites possess many pharmacological activities, such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and other activities. This paper provides a summary of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of licorice. The active components and the possible mechanisms for these activities are summarized in detail. This review will be helpful for the further studies of licorice for its potential therapeutic effects as an antiviral or an antimicrobial agent.
Hippocrates' Handmaidens: Women Married to Physicians
Authors: Esther M. Nitzberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Nitzberg tells what it is like to be a woman married to a physician. A counseling psychologist and doctor's wife herself for 31 years, she has compiled a comprehensive look at these women from interviews with more than 100 doctors' wives around the country and their most intimate feelings and experi
Down-regulation of HIF-1α expression by letrozole in ER+<i>ve</i> breast cancer patients
Authors: D. G. Generali, A. Berruti, S. B. Fox, M. Brizzi, S. Bonardi, M. Milani, A. Bersiga, R. Dionisio, L. Dogliotti, A. Bottini, A. L. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

510 Introduction: Letrozole is a selective non steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) used for the treatment of estrogen positive (ER+ve) post-menopausal breast cancer (BC) women. HIF-1α, as marker of hypoxia, is involved in the selection of more aggressive phenotype being associated with both chemo and endocrine resistance Whether HIF-1α expression could be modulated by AI in BC is the subject of this investigation. Patients and Methods: 114 elderly women with T2–4 N0–1 and ER+ve BC were randomly assigned to 6 months of primary letrozole (2.5 mg/daily) (L) plus/minus oral “metronomic” cyclophosphamide (50 mg/daily) (LC). Tumor response was assessed clinically with a calliper. On TMAs HIF-1α was evaluated in tumor specimens collected before and after treatment. The intensity of the staining for TMAs marker was scored 0 (no staining), 1 (weak/moderate staining), 2 (strong staining) in nuclear intensity for HIF- 1α expression. Results: 107 patients had HIF-1a assessed at baseline, 80 patients had HIF-1α assessed both at baseline and after treatment. At baseline HIF-1α expression inversely correlated with tumor grade (p&lt;0.01) and N positivity (p&lt;0.01) while it did not correlate with stage, p53, bcl2, Ki67, progesterone ERa expression. HIF-1α expression was significantly reduced after treatment (p&lt;0.004, Wilcoxon Rank sum test), with no difference between the arms. Reduction in HIF-1α did not showed any relationship with disease response. Conclusions: Letrozole was able to down-regulate HIF-1α expression and this may be a mechanism of its efficacy. These results should be taken into account when administering new target therapy able to modulate directly HIF-1α or indirectly via HIF- 1α related pathways in association with letrozole. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Diagnosing genitourinary chlamydial infection
Authors: M. H Wilcox, D. Subramanian, R. J C Gilson, A. Mindel
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Editor—Gilson and Mindel in their article on recent advances in the management of sexually transmitted infections emphasised some important diagnostic issues.1 As Gilson and Mindel say, many studies have shown that DNA amplification tests are now the gold standard for the diagnosis of genital Chlamydia trachomatis. But we are concerned with the unreferenced statement that a vaginal swab is a better alternative for the detection of genital chlamydial infection.

We found two studies that have examined the utility of vaginal swabs, collected either by healthcare personnel or patients themselves.2,3 Both found high sensitivity for vaginal swabs, but this was matched by the sensitivity of sampling both urine (as a surrogate for the urethra) and the cervix. In some cases of genital chlamydial infections (cervical swab positive) vaginal swabs were negative.2 In women the sensitivity of testing for C trachomatis by the polymerase chain reaction is increased by about 12% if both cervical swab and urine specimens are examined as opposed to urine alone.4 This approach is expensive, however, particularly considering the comparatively high cost of the tests compared with enzyme immunoassays.

We found that combining a cervical swab with a urine specimen in the clinic setting is acceptable for testing for genital C trachomatis infection by the polymerase chain reaction5 and has the potential to increase further the cost effectiveness of DNA based screening for genital infection with C trachomatis. Thus, this approach has the advantage of sampling both the main sites of genitourinary chlamydial infection and being more cost effective. Also, the problem of DNA amplification inhibition by endogenous substances present in urine, and more commonly in cervical secretions, is not increased by combining the two sample types.5
A phase II study on sequential combination therapy comprising CDDP+VNR+MMC combination chemotherapy followed by concomitant-boost thoracic radiotherapy with daily CDDP in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC)
Authors: T. Sone, K. Shibata, K. Kasahara, S. Tamori, H. Kimura, H. Yoshimoto, H. Shirasaki, T. Kita, N. Katayama, M. Fujimura, S. Nakao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7294 Background: While the prognosis for LA-NSCLC has improved, satisfactory results have not been obtained. Therapeutic outcomes for radiotherapy combined with low-dose of CDDP were significantly better than radiotherapy alone. We conducted a phase II study of combination chemotherapy with CDDP, VNR, and MMC followed by concomitant-boost radiotherapy with daily CDDP. Methods: This study was a multicenter phase II trial. The primary endpoint was response rate (RR), while secondary endpoints were toxities, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). Eligibility criteria were: previously untreated, inoperable stage III NSCLC; PS, 0–1; age ≤75 years; measurable lesion; adequate organ functions; absence of interstitial pneumonia; and written informed consent. Two cycles of the combination chemotherapy consisted with CDDP (80 mg/m2, day 1), VNR (25 mg/m2, days 1, 8), and MMC (8 mg/m2, day 1) were administered for every 3 weeks following chemoradiotherapy, consisted with CDDP (6 mg/m2 daily) and 2 Gy/F irradiation over a regular field and 0.75 Gy/F in a smaller field. A total dose of 60.5–66 Gy was irradiated over 22–24 days. With a desirable RR of 80% and a threshold RR of 60%, according to Simon’s minimax design, 35 patients were initially required with α=0.05 and β=0.20, this study was conducted by enrolling a total of 35 pts. Results: 36 pts were enrolled. Patient characteristics were: male/female 31/5; median age 63; IIIA /IIIB 11/25. Major adverse events comprised G4 neutropenia in 27 pts (75%), and febrile neutropenia in 5 pts (13.8%), G3 esophagitis in 4 pts (11.1%). There was no treatment-related death. 3 pts achieved CR and 27 pts achieved PR. (RR, 83.3%; 95% CI, 67.2–93.6%). Interim analysis revealed that median TTP was 8.9 M, and OS was 20.3 M. (median follow-up was 21 M). The 1-, 2-year survival rates were 69.1% and 48.5% respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that this late concurrent chemoradiotherapy is effective and well-tolerated. We concluded this combined modalty is a candidate for comparison with early concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the phase III study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.