tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Risk in Prostate Cancer—A Call to Action?
Authors: Katelyn M. Atkins, Andriana P. Nikolova
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Infected blood scandal: British medicine’s worst moment
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Thirty thousand people in the UK were given infected blood products over two decades, resulting in 3000 deaths (doi:10.1136/bmj.q1179). 1 The scandal has attracted descriptions to match: horrifying, an appalling medical tragedy, and the worst treatment disaster in the history of the NHS (doi:10.1136/bmj.q1143). 2 The six year Langstaff inquiry into the scandal is a 2500 page indictment of doctors, governments, blood services, and researchers.The intervention was overpromoted, including in children, and long term harms were disregarded.If anyone needs an argument for caution and evidence based practice then this is it.
ADHD Pharmacotherapy and Mortality
Authors: Paul Zarkowski
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular Events and Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Omar El-Taji, Samih Taktak, Craig Jones, Mick Brown, Noel Clarke, Ashwin Sachdeva
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Cardiovascular (CV) events remain a substantial cause of mortality among men with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). The introduction of novel androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) has transformed the treatment landscape of PCa in recent years; however, their associated CV toxic effects remains unclear.
Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: current understanding and research needs
Authors: Mariana Castells, Matthew P. Giannetti, Matthew J. Hamilton, Peter Novak, Olga Pozdnyakova, Jennifer Nicoloro-SantaBarbara, Susan V. Jennings, Clair Francomano, Brian Kim, Sarah C. Glover, Stephen J. Galli, Anne Maitland, Andrew White, J. Pablo Abonia, Valerie Slee, Peter Valent, Joseph H. Butterfield, Melody Carter, Dean D. Metcalfe, Cem Akin, Jonathan J. Lyons, Alkis Togias, Lisa Wheatley, Joshua D. Milner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Re: ‘Availability of drugs and resistance testing for BPaLM regimen for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in Europe’ by Lange et al.
Authors: Inna Friesen, Francesca Saluzzo, Ramona Groenheit, Alexandra Aubry, Richard Anthony, Stefan Niemann, Vanessa Mathys, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Alexander Indra, Vanessa Mathys, Yuliana Atanasova, Mihaela Obrovac, Ljiljiana Žmak, Despo Pieridou, Věra Dvořákov, None Troels Lillebæk, Tiina Kummik, Kadri Klaos, Hanna Soini, Marjo Haanperä-Heikkinen, Silja Mentula, Robert Jérôme, Emmanuelle Cambau, Stefan Niemann, Ioannidis Panayotis, Dimitrios Papaventsis, Ágnes Bakos, Viktória Szél, Lilla Katalin Lőrinczi, Margaret Fitzgibbon, Breida Boyle, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Federico Giannoni, Ilva Pole, Inga Norvaiša, Laima Vasiliauskaite, Monique Perrin, Catriona Deguara, Richard Anthony, Anne Torunn Mengshoel, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Rita Macedo, Roxana Mihaela Coriu, Igor Porvaznik, Špela Klemen, Laura Herrera-León, Ramona Groenheit, Jim Werngren
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Change in Patient Enrollment After Site Principal Investigator Turnover in Surgical Clinical Trials
Authors: Yao Tian, Charesa J. Smith, Salva Balbale, Willemijn Louise Albertine Schäfer, Jane L. Holl, Mehul V. Raval
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study examines the association of principal investigator (PI) turnover with patient enrollment in surgical clinical trials.
Outcomes of Bypass Surgery in Adult Moyamoya Disease by Onset Type
Authors: Yong Cheol Lim, Eunyoung Lee, Jihye Song
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare chronic cerebrovascular disease, and the outcomes of bypass management in adult patients remain controversial. Objective To categorize adult MMD based on asymptomatic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic onset and compare the outcomes (death, hemorrhagic stroke [HS], and ischemic stroke [IS]) of bypass surgery (direct or indirect) with those of conservative management. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, nationwide, population-based longitudinal cohort study used Korean National Health Insurance Research data to identify adults (aged ≥15 years) with MMD who were diagnosed between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, and followed up until December 31, 2021 (median follow-up, 5.74 [IQR, 2.95-9.42] years). A total of 19 700 participants (3194 with hemorrhagic, 517 with ischemic, and 15 989 with asymptomatic MMD) were included. Data were analyzed from January 2 to April 1, 2023. Exposures Bypass surgery and conservative management. Main Outcomes and Measures Death constituted the primary outcome; secondary outcomes consisted of HS or IS. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were applied. The propensity score–matching and stratified analyses were performed to control covariate effects. Results A total of 19 700 patients (mean [SD] age, 45.43 [14.98] years; 12 766 [64.8%] female) were included. Compared with conservative management, bypass was associated with a reduced risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.41-0.61]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and HS (AHR, 0.36 [0.30-0.40]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) in hemorrhagic MMD; reduced risk of IS (AHR, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.37-0.81]; P = .002) in ischemic MMD; and reduced risk of death (AHR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.66-0.84]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) in asymptomatic MMD. However, bypass was associated with an increased risk of HS (AHR, 1.76 [95% CI, 1.56-2.00]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) in asymptomatic MMD. Both direct and indirect bypass demonstrated similar effects in hemorrhagic and asymptomatic MMD, except only direct bypass was associated with a reduced risk of IS (AHR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.33- 0.83]; P = .01) in ischemic MMD. After stratification, bypass was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients younger than 55 years with ischemic (AHR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.13- 0.88]; P = .03) and asymptomatic (AHR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.60-0.79]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) MMD, but an increased risk of HS in patients 55 years or older with ischemic MMD (AHR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.1-4.16]; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study of bypass outcomes for patients with MMD emphasize the importance of tailoring management strategies in adult patients based on onset types.
Perceptions and Experiences of Gender Equity among Women in Academic Nephrology
Authors: Nisha Bansal, Leila Zelnick, Anuja Java, Susanne B. Nicholas, Lisa M. Curtis
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Bansal, Nisha; Zelnick, Leila; Java, Anuja; Nicholas, Susanne B.; Curtis, Lisa M. Author Information
Home Blood Pressure Telemonitoring and Nurse Case Management in Black and Hispanic Patients With Stroke
Authors: Gbenga Ogedegbe, Jeanne A. Teresi, Stephen K. Williams, Adebayo Ogunlade, Chigozirim Izeogu, Joseph P. Eimicke, Jian Kong, Stephanie A. Silver, Olajide Williams, Helen Valsamis, Susan Law, Steven R. Levine, Salina P. Waddy, Tanya M. Spruill
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Black and Hispanic patients have high rates of recurrent stroke and uncontrolled hypertension in the US. The effectiveness of home blood pressure telemonitoring (HBPTM) and telephonic nurse case management (NCM) among low-income Black and Hispanic patients with stroke is unknown. Objective To determine whether NCM plus HBPTM results in greater systolic blood pressure (SBP) reduction at 12 months and lower rate of stroke recurrence at 24 months than HBPTM alone among Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants Practice-based, multicenter, randomized clinical trial in 8 stroke centers and ambulatory practices in New York City. Black and Hispanic study participants were enrolled between April 18, 2014, and December 19, 2017, with a final follow-up visit on December 31, 2019. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to receive either HBPTM alone (12 home BP measurements/week for 12 months, with results transmitted to a clinician; n = 226) or NCM plus HBPTM (20 counseling calls over 12 months; n = 224). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were change in SBP at 12 months and rate of recurrent stroke at 24 months. Final statistical analyses were completed March 14, 2024. Results Among 450 participants who were enrolled and randomized (mean [SD] age, 61.7 [11.0] years; 51% were Black [n = 231]; 44% were women [n = 200]; 31% had ≥3 comorbid conditions [n = 137]; 72% had household income &amp;amp;lt;$25 000/y [n = 234/324]), 358 (80%) completed the trial. Those in the NCM plus HBPTM group had a significantly greater SBP reduction than those in the HBPTM alone group at 12 months (−15.1 mm Hg [95% CI, −17.2 to −13.0] vs −5.8 mm Hg [95% CI, −7.9 to −3.7], respectively; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). The between-group difference in SBP reduction at 12 months, adjusted for primary care physician clustering, was −8.1 mm Hg (95% CI, −11.2 to −5.0; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) at 12 months. The rate of recurrent stroke was similar between both groups at 24 months (4.0% in the NCM plus HBPTM group vs 4.0% in the HBPTM alone group, P &amp;amp;gt; .99). Conclusions and Relevance Among predominantly low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with uncontrolled hypertension, addition of NCM to HBPTM led to greater SBP reduction than HBPTM alone. Additional studies are needed to understand the long-term clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and generalizability of NCM-enhanced telehealth programs among low-income Black and Hispanic stroke survivors with significant comorbidity. Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02011685
Leveraging CT Imaging to Detect COPD and Concomitant Chronic Diseases
Authors: Wassim W. Labaki, Alvar Agusti, Surya P. Bhatt, Sandeep Bodduluri, Gerard J. Criner, Leonardo M. Fabbri, David M. G. Halpin, David A. Lynch, David M. Mannino, Marc Miravitlles, Alberto Papi, Don D. Sin, George R. Washko, Ella A. Kazerooni, MeiLan K. Han
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Leveraging CT Imaging to Detect COPD and Concomitant Chronic Diseases." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Association of Ground Glass Opacities with Systemic Inflammation and Progression of Emphysema
Authors: Spyridon Fortis, Junfeng Guo, Prashant Nagpal, Muhammad F. A. Chaudhary, John D Newell Jr., Sarah E Gerard, MeiLan K. Han, Ella A. Kazerooni, Fernando J. Martinez, Igor Z. Barjaktarevic, R Graham Barr, Sandeep Bodduluri, Robert Paine III, Hira A. Awan, Joyce D. Schroeder, Lisa D. Gravens-Mueller, Victor E. Ortega, Wayne H Anderson, Christopher B. Cooper, David Couper, Prescott G. Woodruff, Russell P. Bowler, Surya P Bhatt, Eric A. Hoffman, Joseph M Reinhardt, Alejandro P. Comellas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Ground glass opacities (GGO) in the absence of interstitial lung disease are understudied.
Detection of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease by Exhaled Breath Analysis Using Electronic Nose Technology
Authors: Emiel R. Marges, Iris G. van der Sar, Jeska K de Vries-Bouwstra, Tom W.J. Huizinga, Paul L.A. van Daele, Marlies S. Wijsenbeek, Catharina C. Moor, J. J. Miranda Geelhoed
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)
Bexotegrast in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The INTEGRIS-IPF Clinical Trial
Authors: Lisa Lancaster, Vincent Cottin, Murali Ramaswamy, Wim A. Wuyts, R. Gisli Jenkins, Mary Beth Scholand, Michael Kreuter, Claudia Valenzuela, Christopher J. Ryerson, Jonathan Goldin, Grace Hyun J. Kim, Marzena Jurek, Martin Decaris, Annie Clark, Scott Turner, Chris N. Barnes, Hardean E. Achneck, Gregory P. Cosgrove, Éric A. Lefebvre, Kevin R. Flaherty, David Baratz, Neil Ettinger, Daniel Layish, Matthew D. Epstein, Srihari Veeraraghavan, Jeffrey Golden, Murali Ramaswamy, Rebecca Bascom, Lisa Lancaster, Mary Beth Scholand, Amy Case, Tanzira Zaman, Alan Betensley, Danielle Antin-Ozerkis, Sydney Montessi, Evans Fernandez, Ryan Boente, Jeffrey Sager, Gary Hunninghake, Kevin Gibson, Nadim Srour, Anil Dhar, Wim Wuyts, Pascal Wielders, Marcel Veltkamp, Remy Mostard, Robert Janssen, Anton Vonk Noordegraaf, Ian Glaspole, Tamera Corte, Lutz Beckert, Benedict (Ben) Brockway, Andrew Veale, Luca Richeldi, Sergio Harari
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare and progressive disease that causes progressive cough, exertional dyspnea, impaired quality of life, and death.
Tuberculosis infection among close contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a population-based, multicentered study
Authors: Canyou Zhang, Yushu Liu, Yuxia Yao, Dehua Gong, Rongrong Lei, Yinyin Xia, Caihong Xu, Hui Chen, Jun Cheng, Hui Zhang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Objectives Limited information is currently available on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis infection (TBI) among close contacts of pulmonary TB (PTB) patients in China. In this study, we estimated the burden of TBI among close contacts using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) and identified factors associated with TB transmission among this high-risk population. Methods Between January 1 2018 and August 31 2020, we identified laboratory-confirmed PTB patients from a population-based, multicentered, cluster-randomized control trial for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT). Close contacts of these patients were identified, interviewed and tested using QFT. We estimated TBI prevalence and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for TBI risk factors. Results A total of 3,138 index cases and 8,117 close contacts were identified. Of these contacts, 36 contacts had PTB (prevalence of 443.51 cases/100,000 population). Among the remaining 7,986 close-contacts, 3,124 (39.12%) had a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was significantly associated with older age [adjusted OR: 1.77 (95% CI 1.27-2.47), 2.20 (95% CI 1.59-3.05) and 2.74 (95% CI 1.96-3.82) for the age groups of "35-44", "45-54" and "55-64" respectively, compared with the age group "5-14"], longer contact duration (adjusted OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.22-1.69), and sharing bedroom (adjusted OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.18-1.65). Conclusions Our findings indicate a high TBI burden among the close contacts of PTB. The results also highlighted that contacts tracing and investigation for TBI are necessary and beneficial, particularly for those who are older, have longer contact duration – including sharing a bedroom.
Non-invasive detection of urothelial carcinoma through ensembled methylation profiles and fragmentomic patterns in urinary cell-free DNA.
Authors: Huan Zhao, Hang Dong, Shuang Gan, Haoran Tang, Zhihui Zhang, Na Wei, Jingjing Xu, Giancarlo Bonora, Chao Dai, Pan Du, Shidong Jia, Ting Xiao, Huiqin Guo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e16604 Background: The detection of epigenetic markers in urinary cell-free DNA (ucfDNA) has shown promise for tumor identification. However, the reliance on changes in methylation patterns presents challenges in the early detection of urothelial carcinoma, particularly when the tumor DNA present in urine is scarce. The incorporation of fragmentomic characteristics could enhance the detection of tumor signals. Methods: This study presents a single-assay approach, PredicineEPIC, which is a genome-wide methylation assay capable of analyzing both methylation and fragmentomic patterns in ucfDNA. Our cohort included 187 subjects: 66 with malignancies, 52 with benign conditions, and 69 healthy controls, divided into training and validation groups at a 2:1 ratio. We used the XGBoost machine learning algorithm for model development, followed by logistic regression to create an ensemble classifier. The training set utilized leave-one-out cross-validation to mitigate sample size constraints and prevent overfitting, with the classifier's performance assessed in the validation set. Results: The classifier's performance was evaluated using beta values of differentially methylated regions, the count of abnormally methylated fragments, and fragmentomic patterns (fragment sizes and transcription factor accessibility), with sensitivities of 0.75, 0.9, and 0.75, and a specificity of 0.86, respectively. The integrated features model showed a notable increase in sensitivity to 0.92 without losing specificity compared to models based on single features. This model also demonstrated precision on par with other methylation-based diagnostics, particularly in detecting early-stage tumors. Conclusions: Our study underscores an approach that differentiates malignant from benign lesions using a combination of omic features, enhancing the potential and precision of non-invasive liquid biopsy methods for early urothelial carcinoma detection.
HALP index in patients with metastatic clear-cell RCC treated with nivolumab.
Authors: Patrik Palacka, Jana Obertova, Michal Chovanec, Zuzana Sycova-Mila, Katarina Stefanikova, Eva Slachtova, Monika Zak, Alexander Savka, Matej Hrncar, Michal Mego, Katarina Rejlekova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

e16523 Background: To evaluate the prognostic value of the index combining hemoglobin and albumin levels with lymphocyte and platelet counts (HALP) in patients with metastatic clear-cell RCC treated with nivolumab. Methods: We enrolled 149 subjects (38 females), median age 62 years, treated with nivolumab 240 mg biweekly or 480 mg each 28 days following progression on at least one TKI from 2016 to 2024. The study population was dichotomized based on the median of HALP index (24.12), which was calculated as hemoglobin (g/L) x albumin (g/L) x absolute number of lymphocytes / platelets (g/L) at initiation of immunotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method with differences analyzed by the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the HALP, ECOG performance status and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Results: At the median follow up 17.4 months, 122 patients progressed on nivolumab and 87 died. ECOG 2 v ECOG 0 and 1 was associated with significantly worse PFS and OS ( P &lt; 0.0001, HR 0.21 and P &lt; 0.0001, HR 0.15, respectively). Both survivals were shorter in patients with serum LDH higher than 1.5-time of normal range compared to lower levels ( P = 0.0034, HR 0.47 for PFS and P &lt; 0.007, HR 0.45 for OS). Low HALP correlated with worse PFS ( P = 0.0121, HR 0.62) and OS ( P = 0.0025, HR 0.50). The independent prognostic value of HALP index was showed in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HALP index determined at initiation of nivolumab in second or third line was an independent prognostic factor for survival of metastatic clear-cell RCCs. A nomogram based on the HALP could accurately predict prognosis of these patients. Key Words: Blood Counts. Albumin. Metastatic Disease. Renal-Cell Carcinoma. Nivolumab.
Structural Heart Imaging Using 3-Dimensional Intracardiac Echocardiography
Authors: Gilbert H.L. Tang, Syed Zaid, Rebecca T. Hahn, Vratika Aggarwal, Mohamad Alkhouli, Edris Aman, Sergio Berti, Y.S. Chandrashekhar, Scott M. Chadderdon, Andreina D’Agostino, Neil P. Fam, Edwin C. Ho, Chad Kliger, Susheel K. Kodali, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Azeem Latib, Stamatios Lerakis, D. Scott Lim, Vaikom S. Mahadevan, Devi G. Nair, Jagat Narula, Patrick T. O’Gara, Douglas L. Packer, Fabien Praz, Jason H. Rogers, Tobias F. Ruf, Carlos E. Sanchez, Alok Sharma, Gagan D. Singh, Nicolas M. van Mieghem, Mani A. Vannan, Pradeep K. Yadav, Lina Ya’Qoub, Firas E. Zahr, Ralph Stephan von Bardeleben
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2024)