tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elite para athletes with active coping behaviour are less likely to report a sports injury
Authors: Kristina Fagher, Linda Sällström, Örjan Dahlström, Jenny Jacobsson, Toomas Timpka, Jan Lexell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective Elite para athletes report a high incidence of sports injuries. Research suggests that athletes’ strategies to manage adversities may influence the sports injury risk, but knowledge about para athletes’ coping behaviours and their association with injuries is limited. The aim was to describe the distribution of coping behaviours in Swedish elite para athletes by sex, age, impairment, sport and to examine associations between coping behaviours and the probability of reporting a prospective sports injury during a 52-week study period. Method Eighty-three para athletes participating in the ‘Sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport study’ completed the Brief COPE Inventory. Over the following 52 weeks, athletes reported any sports injuries they sustained. The analysis of coping behaviours comprised descriptive statistics and linear regression, and associations between coping behaviour and the probability of being injured were examined by logistic regression analyses. Results The most frequently used coping behaviours were acceptance, active coping and planning. The most common less-useful coping behaviour was self-blame. Athletes with more active coping behaviours were less likely to report an injury, and using humour as coping behaviour was associated with a higher probability of injury among young athletes. Also, athletes with physical impairment reported a higher use of active coping and emotional support compared with athletes with visual impairment, and athletes participating in individual sports used acceptance as a coping behaviour to a larger extent than athletes in team sports. Conclusion Use of active coping in Swedish elite para athletes was associated with a lower likelihood of reporting an injury. Young athletes using humour as a coping strategy had a higher likelihood of reporting an injury. The results suggest that support of active coping behaviours and a sport context fostering help-seeking behaviours should be considered in future prevention measures.
Questioning the rules of engagement: a critical analysis of the use of limb symmetry index for safe return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Rebecca Simonsson, Axel Sundberg, Ramana Piussi, Johan Högberg, Carl Senorski, Roland Thomeé, Kristian Samuelsson, Francesco Della Villa, Eric Hamrin Senorski
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective To evaluate the association between limb symmetry index (LSI) in quadriceps and hamstrings strength together with hop tests, as a proxy of recovery, and the deviation from being symmetrical (LSI 100%), with a safe return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Methods Athletes between 15 and 30 years old with a preinjury Tegner activity level ≥6 were eligible for inclusion. Data were extracted from a rehabilitation-specific registry, Project ACL (Gothenburg, Sweden) at the time of or after RTS for each athlete. The outcome of interest in this study was a safe RTS—not suffering a second ACL injury within 2 years from RTS—addressed by using the LSI in five different ways with results from the test battery which include five tests of muscle function at or after the time of RTS. Logistic regression analyses were performed with safe RTS as a dependent variable and presented with ORs and 95% CIs. Results In total, 233 athletes (51.1% women) were included. The best-differentiating cut-offs for strength and hop tests showed non-significantly poor discriminatory ability between athletes who had a safe RTS and those who did not (Youden J 0.09–0.24 and area under the curve 0.50–0.59). Athletes who had ≥80% or ≥85% LSI had significantly lower odds of safe RTS compared with athletes who did not meet the cut-offs of safe RTS (OR=0.32 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.87) and OR=0.39 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.84), respectively). There was no effect of a 1% increase in LSI or deviation from 100% symmetry on safe RTS. Conclusion The use of LSI from tests of muscle function to determine safe RTS after ACL-R, that is, RTS without sustaining a second ACL injury within 2 years, cannot differentiate between athletes who had a safe RTS and those who did not, regardless of whether LSI was used as cut-offs, incremental or as deviation from symmetry. Thus, it is of clinical importance that clinicians do not solely rely on the LSI to clear athletes for RTS.
Inhaled corticosteroids and major cardiovascular events in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Anne E Ioannides, Constantinos Kallis, Hannah R Whittaker, Jennifer K Quint
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Background Whether inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is debated. Objectives To establish, within people with COPD, (1) whether ICS reduced MACE rates (acute coronary syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF), ischaemic strokes or cardiovascular-specific death) compared with long-acting bronchodilators; and (2) whether drug class, incident usership or patient cardiovascular history influenced the ICS-MACE relationship. Methods We conducted a cohort study including patients with COPD in England, using Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum data, linked with Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics death data, between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019. We implemented Cox proportional hazard regressions, adjusting for time interactions or using propensity score-adjusted models, as necessary. Our exposures included prescriptions of any ICS (vs any long-acting bronchodilators) and triple therapy (vs combination long-acting bronchodilators), determined during the year prior to follow-up. The outcomes of interest were MACE collectively and individual MACE subtypes. Measurements and main results Among 113 353 people with COPD (mean age 67.9 years old, 53.3% male), ICS prescription was not associated with MACE (adjusted HR (95% CI)=0.98 (0.95, 1.02), p=0.41) but was associated with reduced HF, specifically, until year 6 of follow-up (average adjusted HR (95% CI)=0.91 (0.86, 0.96), p&lt;0.001). HF reduction was driven by the ICS group containing mometasone furoate, beclomethasone, budesonide or ciclesonide (HR (95% CI)=0.89 (0.84, 0.94), p&lt;0.001). Incident ICS use was associated with increased ACS (HR (95% CI)=1.27 (1.09, 1.47), p&lt;0.001) but was not sustained beyond incident use. There was no association between triple therapy and MACE. Results did not differ by cardiovascular history. Conclusions ICS did not reduce MACE, except HF, likely by reducing misclassified COPD exacerbations.
Molecular phenotypes of critical illness confer prognostic and biological enrichment in sub-Saharan Africa: a prospective cohort study from Uganda
Authors: Matthew J Cummings, Julius J Lutwama, Alin S Tomoiaga, Nicholas Owor, Xuan Lu, Jesse E Ross, Moses Muwanga, Christopher Nsereko, Irene Nayiga, Kai Nie, John Kayiwa, Xiaoyu Che, Misaki Wayengera, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, W Ian Lipkin, Max R O’Donnell, Barnabas Bakamutumaho
Journal: Thorax (2024)

The generalisability of critical illness molecular phenotypes to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is unknown. We show that molecular phenotypes derived in high-income countries (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory, reactive and uninflamed) stratify sepsis patients in Uganda by physiological severity, mortality risk and dysregulation of key pathobiological domains. A classifier model including data available at the LMIC bedside modestly discriminated phenotype assignment (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) 0.80, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.90 for hyperinflammatory vs hypoinflammatory; AUROC 0.74, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.83 for reactive vs uninflamed). Our findings highlight the potential for a globally relevant, clinicomolecular classification of critical illness and may support the inclusion of diverse populations in phenotype-targeted critical care trials. Improved laboratory capacity and access to rapid biomarker assays are likely necessary to optimise phenotype stratification in LMIC settings.
Corticosteroid therapy for treating acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review
Authors: Narat Srivali, Federica De Giacomi, Teng Moua, Jay H Ryu
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Introduction Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) often results in death and poses significant challenges in clinical management. While corticosteroids are frequently employed, the optimal regimen and their clinical efficacy remain uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a systematic review to evaluate the impact of steroid therapy on clinical outcomes in patients experiencing AE-ILD. Method Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we systematically searched multiple databases, identifying 12 454 articles. After removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 447 articles were selected for full-text review. Ultimately, nine studies met inclusion criteria, comparing high-dose corticosteroids with low-dose or non-steroidal interventions in treating AE-ILD. Key outcomes included in-hospital and long-term mortality, as well as AE recurrence. Results Analysis of nine studies (total n=18 509) revealed differential treatment effects based on the ILD subtype. In non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) ILD, high-dose corticosteroid therapy (&gt;1.0 mg/kg prednisolone) demonstrated improved survival (adjusted HR 0.221, 95% CI 0.102 to 0.480, p&lt;0.001) and reduced 90-day mortality. Early tapering of high-dose corticosteroids (&gt;10% reduction within 2 weeks) reduced in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.99). Higher cumulative doses in the first 30 days (5185±2414 mg/month vs 3133±1990 mg/month) were associated with lower recurrence rates (adjusted HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.90, p=0.02). In IPF patients, however, high-dose therapy showed inconsistent benefits, with some studies reporting increased mortality risk (OR 1.075, 95% CI 1.044 to 1.107, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion This review emphasises the potential benefits of individualised treatment approaches for AE-ILD but highlights the need for caution in making definitive recommendations. Although high-dose corticosteroids may show promise, particularly in non-IPF cases, the current evidence is inconsistent, and the lack of robust supporting literature makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions. Further research through randomised controlled trials is necessary to refine and optimise therapeutic strategies for AE-ILD.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria remission definition and therapy stepping-down. WAO Position Paper.
Authors: Jorge Sanchez, Helena Pite, René Maximiliano Gómez, Ignacio J Ansotegui, G Walter Canonica, Ignacio Dávila, Marta Ferrer, Jose Luis García Abujeta, Bryan Martin, Mário Morais-Almeida, José António Ortega Martell, María Isabel Rojo Gutierrez, Jonathan A Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Hydrogel injection molded complex macroencapsulation device geometry improves long-term cell therapy viability and function in the rat omentum transplant site
Authors: Amy E Emerson, Quincy Lyons, Matthew W Becker, Keven Sepulveda, Shivani C Hiremath, Sarah R Brady, Chishiba Chilimba, Jessica D Weaver
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Janus PEGylated CuS-engineered Lactobacillus casei combats biofilm infections via metabolic interference and innate immunomodulation
Authors: Lingtong Kong, Xianli Hu, Demeng Xia, Jianghong Wu, Yangpeng Zhao, Hua Guo, Song Zhang, Chun Qin, Yanjun Wang, Lei Li, Zheng Su, Chen Zhu, Shuogui Xu
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Prolonged vs Intermittent Infusions of β-Lactam Antibiotics—Reply
Authors: Jason A. Roberts, Anthony Devaux, Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Testing for the World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors
Authors: Craig Horbinski, David A. Solomon, Rimas V. Lukas, Roger J. Packer, Priscilla Brastianos, Patrick Y. Wen, Matija Snuderl, Mitchel S. Berger, Susan Chang, Maryam Fouladi, Joanna J. Phillips, Burt Nabors, Daniel J. Brat, Jason T. Huse, Kenneth Aldape, Jann N. Sarkaria, Matthias Holdhoff, Terry C. Burns, Katherine B. Peters, Ingo K. Mellinghoff, David Arons, Evanthia Galanis
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing, genomic copy number profiling, fusion transcript detection, and genomic DNA methylation arrays, are now indispensable tools for the workup of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Yet there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in using such biomarker testing across institutions and hospital systems. This is in large part because there is a persistent reluctance among third-party payers to cover molecular testing. The objective of this Review is to describe why comprehensive molecular biomarker testing is now required for the accurate diagnosis and grading and prognostication of CNS tumors and, in so doing, to justify more widespread use by clinicians and coverage by third-party payers. Observations The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification system for CNS tumors incorporates specific molecular signatures into the essential diagnostic criteria for most tumor entities. Many CNS tumor types cannot be reliably diagnosed according to current WHO guidelines without molecular testing. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network also incorporates molecular testing into their guidelines for CNS tumors. Both sets of guidelines are maximally effective if they are implemented routinely for all patients with CNS tumors. Moreover, the cost of these tests is less than 5% of the overall average cost of caring for patients with CNS tumors and consistently improves management. This includes more accurate diagnosis and prognostication, clinical trial eligibility, and prediction of response to specific treatments. Each major group of CNS tumors in the WHO classification is evaluated and how molecular diagnostics enhances patient care is described. Conclusions and Relevance Routine advanced multidimensional molecular profiling is now required to provide optimal standard of care for patients with CNS tumors.
Kidney Function Decline After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Anne-Laure Faucon, Arvid Sjölander, Alessandro Bosi, Ailema González-Ortiz, Stefania Lando, Edouard L. Fu, Dorothea Nitsch, Annette Bruchfeld, Marie Evans, Kevin Wing, Kathryn E. Mansfield, Laurie Tomlinson, Juan-Jesús Carrero
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance COVID-19 infection has been associated with acute kidney injury. However, its possible association with long-term kidney function is not well understood. Objective To investigate whether kidney function decline accelerated after COVID-19 compared with after other respiratory tract infections. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used linked data from the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) Project between February 1, 2018, and January 1, 2022, in Stockholm, Sweden. All hospitalized and nonhospitalized adults in the database with at least 1 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement in the 2 years prior to a COVID-19 positive test result or pneumonia diagnosis were selected. Statistical analyses were conducted between June 2023 and October 2024. Exposure COVID-19 and pneumonia (including influenza). Main Outcomes and Measures Mean annual change in eGFR after COVID-19 and after pneumonia was calculated with a linear regression model. Results The COVID-19 cohort comprised 134 565 individuals (74 819 females [55.6%]; median [IQR] age, 51 [37-64] years). The pneumonia cohort consisted of 35 987 individuals (19 359 females [53.8%]; median [IQR] age, 71 [56-81] years). The median (IQR) baseline eGFR was 94 (79-107) mL/min/1.73m 2 for the COVID-19 cohort and 79 (61-92) mL/min/1.73m 2 for the pneumonia cohort. After adjustment for covariates, both infections demonstrated accelerated annual eGFR decline, with greater magnitude of decline after COVID-19 (3.4% [95% CI, 3.2%-3.5%] after COVID-19; 2.3% [95% CI, 2.1%-2.5%] after pneumonia). This decline was more severe among individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 (5.4%; 95% CI, 5.2%-5.6%) but remained similar among those hospitalized for pneumonia. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found an association between COVID-19 and accelerated decline in kidney function, particularly after hospitalization, compared with pneumonia. People who were hospitalized for COVID-19 should receive closer monitoring of kidney function to ensure early diagnosis and optimized management of chronic kidney disease to effectively prevent complications and further decline.
Immunotherapy Benefit Over Best Supportive Care in Hepatocellular Cancer With Child-Pugh B Dysfunction
Authors: Calum Polwart
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
HemaCisDB: An Interactive Database for Analyzing Cis-Regulatory Elements Across Hematopoietic Malignancies
Authors: Xinping Cai, Qianru Zhang, Bolin Liu, Lu Sun, Yuxuan Liu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

Abstract Noncoding cis-regulatory elements (CREs), such as transcriptional enhancers, are key regulators of gene expression programs. Accessible chromatin and H3K27ac are well-recognized markers for CREs associated with their biological function. Deregulation of CREs is commonly found in hematopoietic malignancies yet the extent to which CRE dysfunction contributes to pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Here, we developed HemaCisDB, an interactive, comprehensive, and centralized online resource for CRE characterization across hematopoietic malignancies, serving as a useful resource for investigating the pathological roles of CREs in blood disorders. Currently, we collected 922 ATAC-seq, 190 DNase-seq, and 531 H3K27ac ChIP-seq datasets from patient samples and cell lines across different myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms. HemaCisDB provides comprehensive quality control metrics to assess ATAC-seq, DNase-seq, and H3K27ac ChIP-seq data quality. The analytic modules in HemaCisDB include transcription factor (TF) footprinting inference, super-enhancer identification, and core transcriptional regulatory circuitry analysis. Moreover, HemaCisDB also enables the study of TF binding dynamics by comparing TF footprints across different disease types or conditions via web-based interactive analysis. Together, HemaCisDB provides an interactive platform for CRE characterization to facilitate mechanistic studies of transcriptional regulation in hematopoietic malignancies. HemaCisDB is available at https://hemacisdb.chinablood.com.cn/.
SCREEN: A Graph-based Contrastive Learning Tool to Infer Catalytic Residues and Assess Enzyme Mutations
Authors: Tong Pan, Yue Bi, Xiaoyu Wang, Ying Zhang, Geoffrey I Webb, Robin B Gasser, Lukasz Kurgan, Jiangning Song
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

Abstract The accurate identification of catalytic residues contributes to our understanding of enzyme functions in biological processes and pathways. The increasing number of protein sequences necessitates computational tools for the automated prediction of catalytic residues in enzymes. Here, we introduce SCREEN, a graph neural network for the high-throughput prediction of catalytic residues via the integration of enzyme functional and structural information. SCREEN constructs residue representations based on spatial arrangements and incorporates enzyme function priors into such representations through contrastive learning. We demonstrate that SCREEN (i) consistently outperforms currently-available predictors; (ii) provides accurate results when applied to inferred enzyme structures; and (iii) generalizes well to enzymes dissimilar from those in the training set. We also show that the putative catalytic residues predicted by SCREEN mimic key structural and biophysical characteristics of native catalytic residues. Moreover, using experimental data sets, we show that SCREEN’s predictions can be used to distinguish residues with a high mutation tolerance from those likely to cause functional loss when mutated, indicating that this tool might be used to infer disease-associated mutations. SCREEN is publicly available at https://github.com/BioColLab/SCREEN and https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tool/7580.