tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 224: Effective Chest Compressions Are Related to Gender and Body Mass Index
Authors: Kruthika Reddy, Bosseau Murray, Sally Rudy, John Moyer, Elizabeth Sinz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) depends on effective chest compressions. This prospective, single-center study examined the relationship between a provider's gender and body mass index (BMI) to chest compression depth and rate during CPR. Method: After informed consent, 84 medical students were tested for a continuous period of 2 minutes on a simulator (Laerdal Advanced Resusci Annie with PC Skills Reporter) that automatically measured depth and rate of chest compressions. Data collected included average rate and depth and the rate and depth for the first and last 30 seconds of 2 minutes of CPR. Statistical analysis was performed using a Two-Sample T-test, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, Pearson and Spearman correlations. Adequate depth (38-51 mm) and rate (90-110 compressions/minute) were based on 2005 AHA guidelines. Results: During the first 30 seconds of CPR, males were more effective than females in administering sufficient compression depth (p=0.0006); a positive correlation was found between compression depth and height (p=0.0203), weight (p=0.0002) and BMI (p value &lt; 0.0001). Similar positive correlations were also found between average adequate depth of chest compressions with BMI (p=0.0039) and weight (p=0.0176). During the last 30 seconds of CPR there was a positive correlation between compression depth and BMI (p=0.0256); however males were 3.58 times more likely than females to continue administering chest compressions for the full 2 minutes and those who completed had a higher median BMI, height and weight. All providers achieved an adequate compression rate. Conclusion: BMI and gender have a significant effect on initial chest compression depth and on the duration of continued CPR, but not on compression rate. Smaller people may have a more difficult time achieving adequate depth of compressions during CPR and may require more frequent rotations to maintain good cardiac output. The new AHA Guidelines may exaggerate this difference due to deeper compression recommendations. Further studies are needed to determine the effect on different patient or provider sizes.
Presidential Address American College of Physicians
Authors: J. H. Musser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 July 1930Presidential Address American College of PhysiciansJ. H. MUSSER, M.D.J. H. MUSSER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-1-5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEvery year, as a result of custom and, by now, well established precedent, your retiring president appears before you and, in the annual address, presents to you the report of the activities of our organization, the American College of Physicians, during the interval that has elapsed between the yearly meetings; he is wont to comment on the events that take place during the yearly meeting; he very generally has suggestions to make for the betterment of the organization, and he comments upon the policies that guide it. This year the duty of addressing you falls on my shoulders. Perchance one... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Orleans, La.*Delivered at the Minneapolis Meeting of the American College of Physicians, February 12, 1930. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Postwar Gold Standard 1 July 1930Volume 4, Issue 1Page: 5-13KeywordsFallsShoulders ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 14241: A Meta-Analysis of Genome Wide Association Studies Identifies Novel Loci for Aortic Valvular and Mitral Annular Calcium and Implicates LPA in the Development of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: George Thanassoulis, Catherine Y Campbell, David S Owens, J. Gustav Smith, Albert V Smith, Gina M Peloso, Kathleen M Kerr, Matthew J Budoff, Tamara B Harris, Rajeev Malhotra, Kevin D O'Brien, Matthew A Allison, Thor Aspelund, Jeffrey Carr, Michael H Criqui, Susan R Heckbert, Shih-Jen Hwang, Sekar Kathiresan, Yongmei Liu, Marketa Sjögren, Jesper Van Der Pals, Hagen Kälsch, Raimund Erbel, Sonali Pechlivanis, Jerome I Rotter, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Quenna Wong, Olle Melander, Vilmundur Gudnason, Christopher J O'Donnell, Wendy S Post
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Valvular calcification precedes valve stenosis and may represent an important intermediate phenotype for valve disease. Although several cardiovascular risk factors are known to be asso...
Lack of efficacy of erlotinib in most EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with acquired resistance to gefitinib
Authors: D. B. Costa, B. C. Cho, L. V. Sequist, G. J. Riely, B. Halmos, J. Kim, M. S. Huberman, W. Pao, D. G. Tenen, S. Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

8105 Background: The majority of NSCLC patients (pts) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations respond to gefitinib, however acquired resistance to this tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) ensues. The secondary resistant T790M mutation has been identified in 50% of progressing pts. The amplification of the MET oncogene occurs in 20% of TKI-resistant pts and sometimes concomitantly with T790M. Very few other secondary mutations (D761Y, L747S) exist. Our goal was to determine the effects of erlotinib 150mg/d in EGFR mutated pts who became resistant to gefitinib 250mg/d, since the EGFR TKI erlotinib is given at a higher biologically active dose than gefitinib. Methods: We followed radiographic responses of 18 EGFR mutated pts from 4 academic medical centers that were given gefitinib and subsequently erlotinib. All pts, but one, had either exon 19 deletion or L858R mutations. 4 pts had tumor re-sampling after becoming resistant to TKI therapy. Results: Most pts achieved a response to gefitinib monotherapy (14/18, 77.7%) and median time to progression (TTP) was 11 months (95%CI, 4–16.5). After the tumors became gefitinib-resistant, most of the pts exposed to erlotinib had progressive radiographic disease (14/18, 77.7%) and median TTP was 2 months (95%CI, 2–3.8). The 3 pts with exon 19 deletions that acquired the T790M gefitinib-resistant mutation progressed on erlotinib. Only 1 gefitinib-resistant pt achieved a radiographic partial response and this patient had acquired L858R-L747S EGFR, which in vitro is sensitive to serum levels of erlotinib 150mg/d. Conclusions: In EGFR mutated tumors that become resistant to gefitinib, a switch to another reversible EGFR TKI given at higher biological doses - erlotinib - does not lead to responses in most pts. These findings were expected since the two most common mechanisms of gefitinib resistance (T790M and MET amplification) in vitro lead to high-grade resistance to clinically achievable doses of gefitinib and erlotinib. A gefitinib to erlotinib switch may only be beneficial in the rare EGFR mutated pt who acquires atypical “partial” resistance secondary EGFR mutations. Continued clinical development of novel EGFR and MET inhibitors for pts with EGFR mutated TKI resistant tumors is warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
HIV Infection and HIV-Associated Behaviors Among Persons Who Inject Drugs — 20 Cities, United States, 2015
Authors: Janet C. Burnett, Dita Broz, Michael W. Spiller, Cyprian Wejnert, Gabriela Paz-Bailey
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

In the United States, 9% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections diagnosed in 2015 were attributed to injection drug use (1). In 2015, 79% of diagnoses of HIV infection among persons who inject drugs occurred in urban areas (2). To monitor the prevalence of HIV infection and associated behaviors among persons who inject drugs, CDC's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) conducts interviews and HIV testing in selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) (3). The prevalence of HIV infection among persons who inject drugs in 20 MSAs in 2015 was 7%. In a behavioral analysis of HIV-negative persons who inject drugs, an estimated 27% receptively shared syringes and 67% had condomless vaginal sex in the previous 12 months. During the same period, 58% had tested for HIV infection and 52% received syringes from a syringe services program. Given the increased number of persons newly injecting drugs who are at risk for HIV infection because of the recent opioid epidemic (2,4), these findings underscore the importance of continuing and expanding health services, HIV prevention programs, and community-based strategies, such as those provided by syringe services programs, for this population.
FLAG-IDA Has Significant Activity As Frontline Induction or Salvage Therapy for Patients with High Risk and/or Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Sita D. Bhella, Eshetu G Atenafu, Andre C Schuh, Mark D Minden, Aaron D Schimmer, Vikas Gupta, Matthew D. Seftel, Naheed Alam, Andrzej Lutynski, Amr Rostom, Anna Rydlewski, Karen Yee
Journal: Blood (2014)
First line treatment of cervical adenocarcinoma with paclitaxel and carboplatin
Authors: Y. Onishi, F. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, M. Hatae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

5146 Background: Paclitaxel/carboplatin (TJ) therapy is currently the standard therapy for ovarian cancer and the safety of TJ is established. Cervical adenocarcinoma is not common in gynecological malignancies but the prognosis is poor, because the standard radiotherapy for cervical adenocarcinoma is less effective than squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of TJ as the first line treatment for cervical adenocarcinoma. Methods: Treatment consisted of T administered in 3 hour with pre-medication and J in 1 hour every 3 week. The dose of J is AUC 5 calculated using Calvert’s formula and Chatelut’s formula. T dose was 180mg/m2. The study was planned that patients should have the disease with more than stage IB lesion, have 3 or 4 courses of TJ then have hysterectomy to diagnose pathological response. Results: Ten patients with pathological diagnosis of cervical adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous cell carcinoma were consecutively registered for the study between August 2003 and November 2004. All patients were informed, had normal organ function and had evaluable lesion. The tumor size of the cervix was 2∼6cm (median 3 cm). Clinical response rate was 80% (5 CR, 3 PR, 2 SD). Five patients with clinical CR had hysterectomy after 3 or 4 courses of TJ and residual disease was 0.2cm to 1.3 cm (median 0.6cm). Grade 4 neutropenia was the most common hematologic toxicity but there was no delay of the treatment. Neurotoxicity was mild (grade1 3/10 cases). Conclusions: TJ therapy is safe, tolerable and may be effective for cervical adenocarcinoma. The number of patients of this study was small but the 80% response rate showed that we can plan multicenter larger phase II study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Metabolism of 3,4-Benzpyrene in Mice and Rats. II. The Identification of the Isolated Products as 8-Hydroxy-3,4-Benzpyrene and 3,4-Benzpyrene-5,8-Quinone
Authors: I. Berenblum, D. Crowfoot, E. R. Holiday, R. Schoental
Journal: Cancer Research (1943)
The Life and Work of Astley Cooper.
Authors: Russell Claude Brock
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ophthalmic Desk Reference
Authors: James F. Collins, Eric D. Donnenfeld, Henry D. Perry, John R. Wittpenn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Part 1 Synopsis of clinical ophthalmology: ocular trauma and emergency care orbital disease ocular motility neuro-ophthalmology external eye disease uveitis the glaucomas retinal and choroidal vascular disease hereditary chorioretinal dystrophies intraocular tumors systemic disease nonstrabismic pediatric ophthalmology clinical refraction contact lenses. Part 2 Surgical topics: ophthalmic anesthesia common ophthalmic plastic procedures orbital surgery corneal surgery management of cataracts surgical management of the glaucomas retinal and vitreous surgery ophthalmic laser surgery refractive surgery miscellaneous ophthalmic surgical procedures. Part 3 Differential diagnosis. Appendices: glossary of ophthalmic terminology, eponyms and syndromes therapeutics genetics, embryology and anatomic drawings ocular dimensions and basic optical data intraocular lenses, sutures and needles selected diagnostic modalities laboratory norms and conversion tables.
Development of a pharmacokinetic (PK) model and assessment of patient (pt) covariate effects on dose-dependent PK following different dosing schedules in two phase I trials of AP23573 (AP), a mTOR inhibitor
Authors: A. A. Desai, M. Mita, G. J. Fetterly, C. Chang, M. Netsch, H. L. Knowles, C. L. Bedrosian, E. Rowinsky, A. W. Tolcher, M. J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

3043 Background: AP is a novel non-prodrug rapamycin analog that potently inhibits mTOR, a downstream effector of PI3K/Akt and nutrient-sensing pathways. A PK model was developed to characterize the blood concentration-time profile of AP and evaluate pt covariate effects following different dosing schedules. Methods: In 2 dose-escalation trials evaluating AP as a 30-min. IV infusion either as once weekly (Trial 101 - 31 PK evaluable) or once daily for 5 days (Trial 102 - 29 PK evaluable). Doses ranged from 6.25 - 100 mg in Trial 101 and 3 - 28 mg in Trial 102. PK blood samples were collected on days 1–3, 6 and 8 (101) and on days 1–8 and 15 (102). Compartmental PK modeling was performed with subsequent evaluation of pt factors [sex (M, F) (101: 22, 9; 102: 14, 15), age (yr) (101: 28 - 79; 102: 20 -71), RBC (x 106 cells/μL) (101: 3.38 - 5.24; 102: 3.12 - 5.35), BW (kg) (101: 51 - 107; 102: 53 - 116), and BSA (m2) (101: 1.5 - 2.2; 102: 1.5 - 2.4)] on AP PK using generalized regression analysis at α = 0.05. Results: A 3-compartment model best described AP PK. Mean estimated AUC values increased in a less than dose-proportional manner, regardless of dosing schedule. Mean Vss values increased with increasing dose; mean half-life was independent of dose and ranged from 45 - 74 h. Pt covariate assessment of Trial 102 indicated that AUC was inversely related to BSA and proportional to RBC (overall p < 0.0001). BSA and RBC also significantly affected Vss (p = 0.0012 and 0.0021, respectively). In Trial 101, no covariate influenced AUC however RBC was inversely related to Vss (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: AP exhibits nonlinear PK behavior, consistent with saturation of the RBC compartment, which contains an abundance of AP-binding FKBP protein. Thus, the influence of RBC independent of dose schedule, coupled with this saturable process, provides insight for optimization of AP dosing schedules. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Ariad Ariad Ariad Ariad Ariad
Evaluation of effect of oral capecitabine and oral cyclophosphamide in metastatic breast cancer patients with anhracyclin and taxan resistance
Authors: A. Özet Sr., D. Uncu, O. Kuzhan, F. Arpaci, M. Öztürk, S. Komurcu, B. Ozturk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

12028 Background: No combination chemotherapy has been shown yet to be more effective in metastatic breast cancer patients who did not either respond to taxanes and anthracyclines or recurred thereafter. Methods: Between January and September 2007, totally 11 patients were enrolled. All of them had received anthracyclines and taxanes previously either in metastatic or adjuvant setting. They were given oral capecitabin (2X 1,000 mg/m2) and oral cychlophosphamide (3X 30 mg/m2) on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks. The chemotherapy continued until progression. Response to treatment was evaluated with imaging studies every two months. Duration of response was calculated by counting the months elapsed from the established response to progression or to date of last visit. Results: Median age of patients was 48 (33–60) years. At presentation, one patient had metastatic disease, 4 (36.4%) had stage III disease, and 6 (54.5%) had stage II disease. Five (45.5%) had ER positive, 4 (36.4%) had PR positive, and 7 (63.6%) had c-erb B2 3+ positive tumors. The median number of their previous chemotherapy regimens was 3 (2–7). Seven patients had received herceptin previously, either as monotherapy or as part of combination chemotherapy. Seven (63.6%) had received capecitabin monotherapy. Median follow-up was 5 (2–11) months. The patients received a median of 8 (2–15) cycles chemotherapy. In 4 patients (36.4%) partial response was obtained. Five patients (45.5%) remained stable, and two (18.1%) progressed. All patients with partial response had received capecitabin previously. Median duration of response was 6 months. At the time of last visit, 4 patients (36.4%) had progression and two (18.1%) were dead. Totally 2 patients (18.1%) had grade 2 leucopenia, 2 (18.1%) had grade 2 hand-foot syndrome, 1 (9.1%) had grade 3 hand-foot syndrome. No toxic death was observed. Conclusions: Oral capecitabin and cyclophosphaide combination is an effective and well tolerated regimen in patients who previously had received taxanes or anthracyclines, and in patients with c-erb2 positive tumors who received herceptin previously. Patients who were unresponsive to previous capecitabin or who recurred thereafter may respond to oral capecitabine and cyclophosphamide combination. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effects of polymorphism (plm) in interleukin (IL) 1 and IL10 genes on surgery outcome in ovarian cancer (OC)
Authors: E. I. Braicu, A. Mustea, D. Koensgen, C. Pirvulescu, P. Sun, R. Chekerov, P. Nuernberg, M. R. Toliat, W. Lichtenegger, J. Sehouli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

20094 Background: IL1 and IL10 are overexpressed in 55% to 98% of advanced epithelial OC. Different studies demonstrated IL1 and IL10 as independent prognostic factors for OC. This study was performed to investigate the influence of plms of IL-1A, IL-1B and IL-10 gene on the occurrence tumor biology of OC. Methods: In a prospective, monocentric, case-control study 147 pts with OC (71 pts with primary OC and 77 pts with recurrent OC) and 129 pts with no history of malignancies were genotyped for plms of the IL-1 gene (IL-1A -889 T/C and IL-1B -511 C/T promoter) and IL-10 gene (IL-10 -1082 G/A, -819 C/T and -592 C/A). All pts were collected within Tumor bank Ovarian Cancer Project. Genomic DNA fragments were amplified by PCR and the allele sequences were obtained by pyrosequencing. We analyzed significance using the Chi-Square by Pearson and Fisher’s exact test. Statistical significance was determined by Mann-Whitney test. A two-tailed p value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limited method. Results: The median age of the pts with OC was 55.5 years (range 19–81 y). Median follow-up period was: 31.5 months (range: 1–225 mo). There were no significant associations between allelic frequencies for IL-1A and IL-1B in OC. The IL-10 plm in -819 and -592 positions significantly correlates with the postoperative residual tumor (p = 0.036 and p = 0.035 respectively). For pts without any postoperative tumor residuals the most encountered genotype was C/C at −819 and −592. The same genotype was associated in univariate analysis with a better OS (95% CI = 37.5–94.5 and 40.8–91.2, respectively). In the multivariate models there was no correlation between any plms and disease-free and OS. Postoperative residual tumor (OR =0.202, 95% CI = 0.088–0.462, p = 0.0001) and ascites volume (OR = 0.106, 95% CI = 0.046–0.248, p = 0.026) were independent prognostic factors for reduced OS. Conclusions: Plm of IL1A, IL1B, IL10 showed no association with occurrence of OC. IL-10 promoter plm may influence the tumor biology and could potentially predict results of radical surgery. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Hair: Its Care, Diseases and Treatment.
Authors: William James O'Donovan
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal