tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Video clips for patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis in emergency care. A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Santi Di Pietro, Ilaria Ferrari, Giuseppe Bulgari, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Francesco Falaschi, Annalisa De Silvestri, Luigia Scudeller, Valeria Musella, Simone Saglio, Beatrice Re, Elena Mattiuzzo, Fabio Cherubini, Stefano Perlini
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Integrating video clips in the discharge process may enhance patients’ understanding and awareness of their condition. To determine the effect of video clip-integrated discharge discussion on patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation (AF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and their main complications (stroke and pulmonary embolism), we designed a multicentre, pragmatic, parallel groups, randomised clinical trial, that was conducted at two Emergency Units in Italy. A convenience sample of 144 adult patients (or their caregivers) discharged home with either AF or DVT were randomised to receive standard verbal instructions (control) or video clip-integrated doctor-patient discharge discussion. Participants were guided by the discharging physician through the clip. Mean score for primary outcome (knowledge of the diagnosis and its potential complication) (range 0–18) was 5.87 (95% CI, 5.02–6.72] in the control group and 8.28 (95% CI, 7.27–9.31) in the intervention group (mean difference, −2.41; 95% CI, −3.73 to −1.09; p &lt; 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, mean score for knowledge of the prescribed therapy (range 0–6) was 2.98 (95% CI, 2.57–3.39) in the control group and 3.20 (95% CI, 2.73–3.67) in the study group (mean difference, −0.22; 95% CI, −0.84 to 0.39). Mean score for satisfaction (range 0–12) was 7.34 (95% CI, 6.45–8.23) in the control arm and 7.97 (95% CI, 7.15–8.78) in the intervention arm (mean difference, −0.625; 95% CI −1.82 to 0.57). Initiation rate of newly prescribed anticoagulants was 80% (36/45) in the control group and 90.2% (46/51) in the intervention group. Among 109 patients reached at a median follow up of 21 (IQR 16–28) months, 5.55% (3/54) in the control arm and 1.82% (1/55) in the intervention arm had developed stroke or pulmonary embolism. In this trial, video clip-integrated doctor-patient discharge discussion, improved participants comprehension of AF and DVT and their main complications. Physicians should consider integrating these inexpensive tools during the discharge process of patients with AF or DVT. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier “NCT03734406”.
Editor's Note: Antiangiogenic Properties of 17-(Dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-Demethoxygeldanamycin: An Orally Bioavailable Heat Shock Protein 90 Modulator
Authors: Gurmeet Kaur, Dorina Belotti, Angelika M. Burger, Kirsten Fisher-Nielson, Patrizia Borsotti, Elena Riccardi, Jagada Thillainathan, Melinda Hollingshead, Edward A. Sausville, Raffaella Giavazzi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)
Editor's Note: Superior Efficacy of a Combined Epigenetic Therapy against Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Warren Fiskus, Rekha Rao, Ramesh Balusu, Siddhartha Ganguly, Jianguo Tao, Eduardo Sotomayor, Uma Mudunuru, Jacqueline E. Smith, Stacey L. Hembruff, Peter Atadja, Victor E. Marquez, Kapil Bhalla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)
Editor's Note: Activation of NF-κB Is a Novel Target of KRAS-induced Endometrial Carcinogenesis
Authors: Yasunari Mizumoto, Satoru Kyo, Tohru Kiyono, Masahiro Takakura, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, Yoshiko Maida, Noriko Mori, Yukiko Bono, Hiroaki Sakurai, Masaki Inoue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)
Expanding active living after cancer to underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers
Authors: Scherezade K Mama, Stacy J Mitchell, Patricia V Tracy, Luz Y Pena, Carolina D Moreno, Adriana Valdes, Yue Liao, Che Young Lee, Ashley Alexander, Margaret R Raber, Lorna H McNeill, Karen Basen-Engquist
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Physical activity improves physical and psychological health in cancer survivors. This study evaluated Active Living After Cancer (ALAC), a community-based program to improve physical activity, physical function, and quality of life (QOL) in minority and medically underserved cancer survivors and their caregivers.
Premarket Evidence and Postmarketing Requirements for Real-Time Oncology Review Indication Approvals
Authors: Maryam Mooghali, Ayman Mohammad, Joshua D. Wallach, Aaron P. Mitchell, Joseph S. Ross, Reshma Ramachandran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study evaluates the use of the US Food and Drug Administration’s Real-Time Oncology Review (RTOR) program in confirming the effectiveness of cancer drugs.
COVID-19 Hospitalization in Hawaiʻi and Patterns of Insurance Coverage, Race and Ethnicity, and Vaccination
Authors: Brock M. Santi, Philip A. Verhoef
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

The people of Hawai'i have both high rates of health insurance and high levels of racial and ethnic diversity, but the degree to which insurance status and race and ethnicity contribute to health outcomes in COVID-19 remains unknown.
Plant-Based Diets and Disease Progression in Men With Prostate Cancer
Authors: Vivian N. Liu, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Li Zhang, Rebecca E. Graff, Stacy Loeb, Crystal S. Langlais, Janet E. Cowan, Peter R. Carroll, June M. Chan, Stacey A. Kenfield
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Plant-based diets are associated with many health and environmental benefits, including primary prevention of fatal prostate cancer, but less is known about postdiagnostic plant-based diet patterns in individuals with prostate cancer.
The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trials and Clinical Practice
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson, Carolyn J. Crandall, Jacques E. Rossouw, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Garnet L. Anderson, Marcia L. Stefanick, Aaron K. Aragaki, Jane A. Cauley, Gretchen L. Wells, Andrea Z. LaCroix, Cynthia A. Thomson, Marian L. Neuhouser, Linda Van Horn, Charles Kooperberg, Barbara V. Howard, Lesley F. Tinker, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Sally A. Shumaker, Ross L. Prentice
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Approximately 55 million people in the US and approximately 1.1 billion people worldwide are postmenopausal women. To inform clinical practice about the health effects of menopausal hormone therapy, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation, and a low-fat dietary pattern, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161 808 postmenopausal US women (N = 68 132 in the clinical trials) aged 50 to 79 years at baseline from 1993 to 1998, and followed them up for up to 20 years. Observations The WHI clinical trial results do not support hormone therapy with oral conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate for postmenopausal women or conjugated equine estrogens alone for those with prior hysterectomy to prevent cardiovascular disease, dementia, or other chronic diseases. However, hormone therapy is effective for treating moderate to severe vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. These benefits of hormone therapy in early menopause, combined with lower rates of adverse effects of hormone therapy in early compared with later menopause, support initiation of hormone therapy before age 60 years for women without contraindications to hormone therapy who have bothersome menopausal symptoms. The WHI results do not support routinely recommending calcium plus vitamin D supplementation for fracture prevention in all postmenopausal women. However, calcium and vitamin D are appropriate for women who do not meet national guidelines for recommended intakes of these nutrients through diet. A low-fat dietary pattern with increased fruit, vegetable, and grain consumption did not prevent the primary outcomes of breast or colorectal cancer but was associated with lower rates of the secondary outcome of breast cancer mortality during long-term follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance For postmenopausal women, the WHI randomized clinical trials do not support menopausal hormone therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease or other chronic diseases. Menopausal hormone therapy is appropriate to treat bothersome vasomotor symptoms among women in early menopause, without contraindications, who are interested in taking hormone therapy. The WHI evidence does not support routine supplementation with calcium plus vitamin D for menopausal women to prevent fractures or a low-fat diet with increased fruits, vegetables, and grains to prevent breast or colorectal cancer. A potential role of a low-fat dietary pattern in reducing breast cancer mortality, a secondary outcome, warrants further study.
Race and Ethnicity of Reproductive-Age Females Affected by US State Abortion Bans
Authors: Demetri Goutos, Nina Cesare, Cecilia Vu, Kenneth Lim, Tiffany Green, Kate Rodriguez, Julia Raifman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study compares the race and ethnicity of reproductive-age females between states that implemented restrictive abortion policies after the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision and states that did not.
Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Hilar Lymphadenectomy for Advanced Proximal Gastric Cancer Without Greater Curvature Invasion
Authors: Jian-xian Lin, Bin-bin Xu, Hua-Long Zheng, Ping Li, Jian-wei Xie, Jia-bin Wang, Jun Lu, Qi-yue Chen, Long-long Cao, Mi Lin, Ru-hong Tu, Ze-ning Huang, Ju-li Lin, Zi-hao Yao, Chao-Hui Zheng, Chang-Ming Huang
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Splenic hilar lymphadenectomy has been recommended for locally advanced proximal gastric cancer (APGC) involving the greater curvature. However, it is unclear whether laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy (LSPSHL) is associated with a long-term survival benefit for APGC without greater curvature invasion.
Wide Complex Tachycardia in a Middle-Aged Woman With Diarrhea
Authors: Matthew G. Peters, Nachiket Apte, Dinesh K. Kalra
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

A woman in her mid-60s with a history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and hypertension presents with 3 days of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. What would you do next?
Safety and Tolerability of Online Adaptive High-Field Magnetic Resonance–Guided Radiotherapy
Authors: Jasmijn M. Westerhoff, Lois A. Daamen, John P. Christodouleas, Erwin L. A. Blezer, Ananya Choudhury, Rosalyne L. Westley, Beth A. Erickson, Clifton D. Fuller, Shaista Hafeez, Uulke A. van der Heide, Martijn P. W. Intven, Anna M. Kirby, Susan Lalondrelle, Bruce D. Minsky, Stella Mook, Marlies E. Nowee, Corrie A. M. Marijnen, Kristina M. Orrling, Arjun Sahgal, Christopher J. Schultz, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Robbert J. H. A. Tersteeg, Alison C. Tree, Chia-Lin Tseng, Tine Schytte, Dustin M. Silk, Dave Eggert, Marco Luzzara, Jochem R. N. van der Voort van Zyp, Helena M. Verkooijen, William A. Hall
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

In 2018, the first online adaptive magnetic resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) system using a 1.5-T MR-equipped linear accelerator (1.5-T MR-Linac) was clinically introduced. This system enables online adaptive radiotherapy, in which the radiation plan is adapted to size and shape changes of targets at each treatment session based on daily MR-visualized anatomy.
Prospective and Retrospective Measures of Child Maltreatment and Their Association With Psychopathology
Authors: Jessie R. Baldwin, Oonagh Coleman, Emma R. Francis, Andrea Danese
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Importance Prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment identify largely different groups of individuals. However, it is unclear if these measures are differentially associated with psychopathology. Objective To analyze the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology. Data Sources Based on a preregistered protocol, Embase, PsycInfo, and MEDLINE were searched for peer-reviewed studies published by January 1, 2023, that measured the associations of prospective and retrospective measures of child maltreatment with psychopathology. Study Selection Titles and abstracts of all articles captured by the search and full texts of potentially eligible studies were independently screened by 2 authors. Observational studies with measures of the association of prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment with psychopathology were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Multiple investigators independently extracted data. Multilevel random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool the results and test predictors of heterogeneity. Main Outcome and Measures Associations between prospective or retrospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology, both unadjusted and adjusted (ie, the association between prospective measures of maltreatment and psychopathology adjusted for retrospective measures, and vice versa), and moderation of these associations by preselected variables. Results The meta-analyses were based on 24 studies including 15 485 individuals (51.0% female; mean age, 21.3 years at retrospective report). Retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment showed stronger associations with psychopathology relative to prospective measures in both unadjusted analyses (retrospective measures: odds ratio [OR], 2.21; 95%, 1.94-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.39-1.76) and adjusted analyses (retrospective measures: OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.90-2.42 vs prospective measures: OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41). There was no statistically significant moderation of the unadjusted or adjusted associations between prospective measures of child maltreatment and psychopathology. The associations between retrospective measures and psychopathology were stronger when the assessment of psychopathology was based on self-reports and was focused on internalizing or emotional disorders. Conclusions and Relevance Psychopathology is more strongly associated with retrospective measures—which capture the first-person, subjective appraisal of childhood events reflected in memory recall—compared to prospective measures—which essentially capture third-person accounts of such events. Maltreatment-related psychopathology may be driven by subjective interpretations of experiences, distressing memories, and associated schemas, which could be targeted by cognitive interventions.
Label Accuracy of Weight Loss Dietary Supplements Marketed Online With Military Discounts
Authors: Cindy Crawford, Bharathi Avula, Andrea T. Lindsey, Kumar Katragunta, Ikhlas A. Khan, Patricia A. Deuster
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Dietary supplements for weight loss, among the most popular supplement products on the market, are promoted not only for losing weight and shedding fat, but also for added benefits of energy and performance, all packed into 1 capsule with multiple combinations of ingredients. Fraudulent marketing of weight loss supplements, some with exaggerated claims, some that are potentially dangerous, and some that contain illegal ingredients, is ever present, especially through online sources, where multiple manufacturers target service members by offering military discounts.
The fade-out of HCV coinfection in people who live with HIV
Authors: Georg Semmler, Mattias Mandorfer
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 2Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Editorial on: Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after HCV clearance with DAA in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with advanced Fibrosis/Cirrhosis; DOI: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000838 Correspondence Mattias Mandorfer, MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 40400 47440. Email: [email protected]
Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Fernanda Raya Tonetti, Alvaro Eguileor, Marko Mrdjen, Vai Pathak, Jared Travers, Laura E. Nagy, Cristina Llorente
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

The growing recognition of the role of the gut microbiome’s impact on alcohol-associated diseases, especially in alcohol-associated liver disease, emphasizes the need to understand molecular mechanisms involved in governing organ-organ communication to identify novel avenues to combat alcohol-associated diseases. The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional communication and interaction between the gut and the liver. Intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within the gut-liver axis, and this axis plays a significant role in alcohol-associated liver disease. The intricate communication between intestine and liver involves communication between multiple cellular components in each organ that enable them to carry out their physiological functions. In this review, we focus on novel approaches to understanding how chronic alcohol exposure impacts the microbiome and individual cells within the liver and intestine, as well as the impact of ethanol on the molecular machinery required for intraorgan and interorgan communication.
Impact of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on Myocardial Fibrosis in Young Patients with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Akshay Sharma, Subodh Selukar, Yu Bi, Anthony Merlocco, Cara E. Morin, Chris Goode, Parul Rai, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Jane S. Hankins, Stephen Gottschalk, Brandon Triplett, Jason N. Johnson
Journal: Blood (2024)
Allergen‐Encapsulating Nanoparticles Reprogram Pathogenic Allergen‐Specific Th2 Cells to Suppress Food Allergy
Authors: Michael N. Saunders, Laila M. Rad, Laura A. Williams, Jeffrey J. Landers, Russell R. Urie, Sarah E. Hocevar, Miguel Quiros, Ming‐Yi Chiang, Amogh R. Angadi, Katarzyna W. Janczak, Elizabeth J. Bealer, Kelly Crumley, Olivia E. Benson, Kate V. Griffin, Brian C. Ross, Charles A. Parkos, Asma Nusrat, Stephen D. Miller, Joseph R. Podojil, Jessica J. O'Konek, Lonnie D. Shea
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Food allergy is a prevalent, potentially deadly disease caused by inadvertent sensitization to benign food antigens. Pathogenic Th2 cells are a major driver for disease, and allergen-specific immunotherapies (AIT) aim to increase the allergen threshold required to elicit severe allergic symptoms. However, the majority of AIT approaches require lengthy treatments and convey transient disease suppression, likely due to insufficient targeting of pathogenic Th2 responses. Here, the ability of allergen-encapsulating nanoparticles to directly suppress pathogenic Th2 responses and reactivity is investigated in a mouse model of food allergy. NPs associate with pro-tolerogenic antigen presenting cells, provoking accumulation of antigen-specific, functionally suppressive regulatory T cells in the small intestine lamina propria. Two intravenous doses of allergen encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles (NPs) significantly reduces oral food challenge (OFC)-induced anaphylaxis. Importantly, NP treatment alters the fates of pathogenic allergen-specific Th2 cells, reprogramming these cells toward CD25
Modulation of host immunity by sensory neurons
Authors: Telma Saraiva-Santos, Tiago H. Zaninelli, Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2024)

Recent studies have uncovered a new role for sensory neurons in influencing mammalian host immunity, challenging conventional notions of the nervous and immune systems as separate entities. In this review we delve into this groundbreaking paradigm of neuroimmunology and discuss recent scientific evidence for the impact of sensory neurons on host responses against a wide range of pathogens and diseases, encompassing microbial infections and cancers. These valuable insights enhance our understanding of the interactions between the nervous and immune systems, and also pave the way for developing candidate innovative therapeutic interventions in immune-mediated diseases highlighting the importance of this interdisciplinary research field.
Sexual dimorphism and the multi-omic response to exercise training in rat subcutaneous white adipose tissue
Authors: Gina M Many, James A Sanford, Tyler J Sagendorf, Zhenxin Hou, Pasquale Nigro, Katie L Whytock, David Amar, Tiziana Caputo, Nicole R Gay, David A Gaul, Michael F Hirshman, David Jimenez-Morales, Malene E Lindholm, Michael J Muehlbauer, Maria Vamvini, Bryan C Bergman, Facundo M Fernández, Laurie J Goodyear, Andrea L Hevener, Eric A Ortlund, Lauren M Sparks, Ashley Xia, Joshua N Adkins, Sue C Bodine, Christopher B Newgard, Simon Schenk
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2024)

Abstract Subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) is a dynamic storage and secretory organ that regulates systemic homeostasis, yet the impact of endurance exercise training (ExT) and sex on its molecular landscape is not fully established. Utilizing an integrative multi-omics approach, and leveraging data generated by the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC), we show profound sexual dimorphism in the scWAT of sedentary rats and in the dynamic response of this tissue to ExT. Specifically, the scWAT of sedentary females displays -omic signatures related to insulin signaling and adipogenesis, whereas the scWAT of sedentary males is enriched in terms related to aerobic metabolism. These sex-specific -omic signatures are preserved or amplified with ExT. Integration of multi-omic analyses with phenotypic measures identifies molecular hubs predicted to drive sexually distinct responses to training. Overall, this study underscores the powerful impact of sex on adipose tissue biology and provides a rich resource to investigate the scWAT response to ExT.
Elective Pelvic Lymph Node Radiation Therapy and the Risk of Death in Patients With Unfavorable-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Postrandomization Analysis
Authors: Mutlay Sayan, Ming-Hui Chen, Marian Loffredo, Elizabeth McMahon, Shalini Moningi, Peter F. Orio, Paul L. Nguyen, Anthony V. D'Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Although a contemporary randomized clinical trial has led to the use of whole-pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT), long-term data evaluating a potential reduction in mortality are lacking and are addressed in the current study.
Hypoglycemic Response to Dorzagliatin in a Patient With GCK-MODY
Authors: Yilin Zhao, Yumin Ma, Tianhao Ba, Xueyao Han, Qian Ren, Linong Ji
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE Metformin, insulin, and insulin secretagogues do not alter HbA1c levels in glucokinase maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GCK-MODY). However, the efficacy of the new hypoglycemic drugs on GCK-MODY remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We describe a case of GCK-MODY with unchanged blood glucose under different therapies during an 8 years’ follow-up. His HbA1c and biochemical indices under different hypoglycemic treatments were recorded. RESULTS Oral glucose-lowering drugs, including thiazolidinediones, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor that had not been evaluated previously, did not improve the HbA1c level in this patient. However, the glucokinase activator dorzagliatin effectively and safely lowered his HbA1c level. CONCLUSIONS Dorzagliatin was effective and safe in this patient with GCK-MODY, providing potential application prospects for precise treatment of GCK-MODY with dorzagliatin.
NIR-II light in clinical oncology: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Zeyu Zhang, Yang Du, Xiaojing Shi, Kun Wang, Qiaojun Qu, Qian Liang, Xiaopeng Ma, Kunshan He, Chongwei Chi, Jianqiang Tang, Bo Liu, Jiafu Ji, Jun Wang, Jiahong Dong, Zhenhua Hu, Jie Tian
Journal: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2024)