tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol. 72, No. 36
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

The report, "Reduced Odds of Mpox-Associated Hospitalization Among Persons Who Received JYNNEOS Vaccine -California, May 2022-May 2023" contained several errors.On page 994, in Table 1, the total number of unvaccinated mpox cases should have read n = 3,845.Under the Gender identity characteristic, the p-value for the Female category should have read 0.122, the p-value for the Genderqueer or non-binary category should have read 0.107, the p-value for the Male category should have read 0.021, the p-value for the Transgender female category should have read 0.058, and
Nanomaterials Boost CAR‐T Therapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Jun Long, Yian Wang, Xianjie Jiang, Junshang Ge, Mingfen Chen, Boshu Zheng, Rong Wang, Meifeng Wang, Meifang Xu, Qi Ke, Jie Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract T cell engineering, particularly via chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modifications for enhancing tumor specificity, has shown efficacy in treating hematologic malignancies. The extension of CAR‐T cell therapy to solid tumors, however, is impeded by several challenges: The absence of tumor‐specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical barriers to cell infiltration. Additionally, limitations in CAR‐T cell manufacturing capacity and the high costs associated with these therapies restrict their widespread application. The integration of nanomaterials into CAR‐T cell production and application offers a promising avenue to mitigate these challenges. Utilizing nanomaterials in the production of CAR‐T cells can decrease product variability and lower production expenses, positively impacting the targeting and persistence of CAR‐T cells in treatment and minimizing adverse effects. This review comprehensively evaluates the use of various nanomaterials in the production of CAR‐T cells, genetic modification, and in vivo delivery. It discusses their underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical application, with a focus on improving specificity and safety in CAR‐T cell therapy.
Antibiotic Receipt for Pediatric Telemedicine Visits With Primary Care vs Direct-to-Consumer Vendors
Authors: Samuel R. Wittman, Alejandro Hoberman, Ateev Mehrotra, Lindsay M. Sabik, Jonathan G. Yabes, Kristin N. Ray
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Prior research found that pediatric direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine visits are associated with more antibiotic prescribing than in-person primary care visits. It is unclear whether this difference is associated with modality of care (telemedicine vs in-person) or with the context of telemedicine care (primary care vs not primary care). Objective To compare antibiotic management during telemedicine visits with primary care practitioners (PCPs) vs commercial direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine companies for pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, cross-sectional study of visits for ARTIs by commercially insured children 17 years of age or younger analyzed deidentified medical and pharmacy claims in OptumLabs Data Warehouse data, a national sample of commercial enrollees, between January 1 and December 31, 2022. Exposure Setting of telemedicine visit as PCP vs DTC. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was percentage of visits with antibiotic receipt. Secondary outcomes were the percentages of visits with diagnoses for which prescription of an antibiotic was potentially appropriate, guideline-concordant antibiotic management, and follow-up ARTI visits within the ensuing 1 to 2 days and 3 to 14 days. The ARTI telemedicine visits with PCP vs DTC telemedicine companies were matched on child demographic characteristics. Generalized estimated equation log-binomial regression models were used to compute marginal outcomes. Results In total, data from 27 686 children (mean [SD] age, 8.9 [5.0] years; 13 893 [50.2%] male) were included in this study. There were 14 202 PCP telemedicine index visits matched to 14 627 DTC telemedicine index visits. The percentage of visits involving receipt of an antibiotic was lower for PCP (28.9% [95% CI, 28.1%-29.7%]) than for DTC (37.2% [95% CI, 36.0%-38.5%]) telemedicine visits. Additionally, fewer PCP telemedicine visits involved receipt of a diagnosis in which the use of antibiotics may be appropriate (19.0% [95% CI, 18.4%-19.7%] vs 28.4% [95% CI, 27.3%-29.6%]), but no differences were observed in receipt of nonguideline-concordant antibiotic management based on a given diagnosis between PCP (20.2% [95% CI, 19.5%-20.9%]) and DTC (20.1% [95% CI, 19.1%-21.0%]) telemedicine visits. Fewer PCP telemedicine visits involved a follow-up visit within the ensuing 1 to 2 days (5.0% [95% CI, 4.7%-5.4%] vs 8.0% [95% CI, 7.3%-8.7%]) and 3 to 14 days (8.2% [95% CI, 7.8%-8.7%] vs 9.6% [95% CI, 8.8%-10.3%]). Conclusions and Relevance Compared with virtual-only DTC telemedicine companies, telemedicine integrated within primary care was associated with lower rates of antibiotic receipt and follow-up care. Supporting use of telemedicine integrated within pediatric primary care may be one strategy to reduce antibiotic receipt through telemedicine visits.
Teen Pregnancy and Risk of Premature Mortality
Authors: Joel G. Ray, Longdi Fu, Peter C. Austin, Alison L. Park, Hilary K. Brown, Sonia M. Grandi, Ashley Vandermorris, Alexa Boblitz, Eyal Cohen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Unintentional injury, suicide, and homicide are leading causes of death among young females. Teen pregnancy may be a marker of adverse life experiences. Objective To evaluate the risk of premature mortality from 12 years of age onward in association with number of teen pregnancies and age at pregnancy. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study was conducted among all females alive at 12 years of age from April 1, 1991, to March 31, 2021, in Ontario, Canada (the most populous province, which has universal health care and data collection). The study period ended March 31, 2022. Exposures The main exposure was number of teen pregnancies between 12 and 19 years of age (0, 1, or ≥2). Secondary exposures included how the teen pregnancy ended (birth or miscarriage vs induced abortion) and age at first teen pregnancy. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was all-cause mortality starting at 12 years of age. Hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for year of birth, comorbidities at 9 to 11 years of age, and area-level education, income level, and rurality. Results Of 2 242 929 teenagers, 163 124 (7.3%) experienced a pregnancy at a median age of 18 years (IQR, 17-19 years). Of those with a teen pregnancy, 60 037 (36.8%) ended in a birth (of which 59 485 [99.1%] were live births), and 106 135 (65.1%) ended in induced abortion. The median age at the end of follow-up was 25 years (IQR, 18-32 years) for those without a teen pregnancy and 31 years (IQR, 25-36 years) for those with a teen pregnancy. There were 6030 deaths (1.9 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 1.9-2.0 per 10 000 person-years]) among those without a teen pregnancy, 701 deaths (4.1 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 3.8-4.5 per 10 000 person-years]) among those with 1 teen pregnancy, and 345 deaths (6.1 per 10 000 person-years [95% CI, 5.5-6.8 per 10 000 person-years]) among those with 2 or more teen pregnancies; adjusted HRs (AHRs) were 1.51 (95% CI, 1.39-1.63) for those with 1 pregnancy and 2.14 (95% CI, 1.92-2.39) for those with 2 or more pregnancies. Comparing those with vs without a teen pregnancy, the AHR for premature death was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.12-1.40) from noninjury, 2.06 (95% CI, 1.75-2.43) from unintentional injury, and 2.02 (95% CI, 1.54-2.65) from intentional injury. Conclusions and Relevance In this population-based cohort study of 2.2 million female teenagers, teen pregnancy was associated with future premature mortality. It should be assessed whether supports for female teenagers who experience a pregnancy can enhance the prevention of subsequent premature mortality in young and middle adulthood.
Machine Learning to Predict Outcomes of Endovascular Intervention for Patients With PAD
Authors: Ben Li, Blair E. Warren, Naomi Eisenberg, Derek Beaton, Douglas S. Lee, Badr Aljabri, Raj Verma, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Ori D. Rotstein, Charles de Mestral, Muhammad Mamdani, Graham Roche-Nagle, Mohammed Al-Omran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Endovascular intervention for peripheral artery disease (PAD) carries nonnegligible perioperative risks; however, outcome prediction tools are limited.
Noninferiority of Hypofractionated vs Conventional Postprostatectomy Radiotherapy for Genitourinary and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Mark K. Buyyounouski, Stephanie L. Pugh, Ronald C. Chen, Mark J. Mann, Rajat J. Kudchadker, Andre A. Konski, Omar Y. Mian, Jeff M. Michalski, Eric Vigneault, Richard K. Valicenti, Maroie Barkati, Colleen A. F. Lawton, Louis Potters, Drew C. Monitto, Jeffrey A. Kittel, Thomas M. Schroeder, Raquibul Hannan, Casey E. Duncan, Joseph P. Rodgers, Felix Feng, Howard M. Sandler
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

No prior trial has compared hypofractionated postprostatectomy radiotherapy (HYPORT) to conventionally fractionated postprostatectomy (COPORT) in patients primarily treated with prostatectomy.
Mortality Among Users of Anabolic Steroids
Authors: Josefine Windfeld-Mathiasen, Ida M. Heerfordt, Kim Peder Dalhoff, Jon Trærup Andersen, Henrik Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This cohort study investigates mortality and cause of death among a large cohort of androgenic anabolic steroid users, compared with a control group, in Denmark from January 3, 2006, to March 1, 2018.
Quantification of Treatment Effect of Tislelizumab vs Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ryan Sun, Jose M. Moraleda, Lee-Jen Wei
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Patterns of Undertreatment and Overtreatment in Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Based on Molecular Classification
Authors: Otilia Ciobanu, Yixuan He, Alicia R. Martin, Jill S. Remick, Joseph W. Shelton, Tony Y. Eng, David C. Qian
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

The quality improvement study examines the use of risk-adaptive adjuvant radiotherapy in women with non–mismatch repair deficiency endometrial cancer.
Possible Individual-, System-, and Policy-Level Contributors to Teen Pregnancy and Risk of Premature Mortality
Authors: Elizabeth L. Cook
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Joel G. Ray, MD, MSc; Longdi Fu, MSc; Peter C. Austin, PhD; Alison L. Park, MSc; Hilary K. Brown, PhD; Sonia M. Grandi, PhD; Ashley Vandermorris, MD, MSc; Alexa Boblitz, MSc; Eyal Cohen, MD, MSc
Telehealth Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder During Pregnancy
Authors: M. Justin Coffey, Maxwell Weng, Cynthia Jimes, Shannon Brigham, Marlene C. Lira
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study evaluates opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant patients receiving OUD care through a multistate telemedicine program in the US.
Hypofractionation for Postprostatectomy Radiotherapy
Authors: Julia R. Murray
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Quantification of Treatment Effect of Tislelizumab vs Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma—Reply
Authors: Shukui Qin
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Medical Home Implementation and Follow-Up of Cancer-Related Abnormal Test Results in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Suja S. Rajan, Shashank Sarvepalli, Li Wei, Ashley N. D. Meyer, Daniel R. Murphy, Debra T. Choi, Hardeep Singh
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Lack of timely follow-up of cancer-related abnormal test results can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses, adverse cancer outcomes, and substantial cost burden for patients. Care delivery models, such as the Veterans Affairs' (VA) Patient-Aligned Care Team (PACT), which aim to improve patient-centered care coordination, could potentially also improve timely follow-up of abnormal test results. PACT was implemented nationally in the VA between 2010 and 2012.
Preterm Birth Following Active Surveillance vs Loop Excision for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 2
Authors: Kathrine Dyhr Lycke, Johnny Kahlert, Dina Overgaard Eriksen, Camilla Omann, Lars Henning Pedersen, Iben Sundtoft, Rebecca Landy, Lone Kjeld Petersen, Anne Hammer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Active surveillance for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN2) is being implemented in many high-income countries due to the association of excisional treatment with preterm birth. However, it is unknown whether active surveillance results in lower risk of preterm birth given that cervical dysplasia itself is associated with higher risk of preterm birth. Objective To compare the preterm birth risk between women with CIN2 undergoing active surveillance or immediate loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Design, Setting, and Participants This historical population-based cohort study included women with a first-time diagnosis of CIN2 and a subsequent singleton birth from 1998 to 2018 in Denmark. Women with prior CIN grade 3 or greater or LEEP were excluded. Data were collected from 4 Danish health care registries. Analyses were conducted from October 2022 to June 2023. Exposure Women were categorized into active surveillance (cervical biopsy and/or cytology) or immediate LEEP based on their first cervical sample after CIN2 diagnosis. The active surveillance group was further subdivided based on whether a delayed LEEP was performed within 28 months from CIN2 diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures Risk of preterm birth (&amp;amp;lt;37 + 0 weeks) was assessed and relative risks (RRs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression. Analyses used inverse probability treatment weighting of the propensity scores to adjust for age, parity, calendar year, index cytology, and smoking. Results A total of 10 537 women with CIN2 and a singleton birth were identified; 4430 (42%) underwent active surveillance and 6107 (58%) were treated with immediate LEEP. For both groups, most were aged 23 to 29 years at CIN2 diagnosis (3125 [70%] and 3907 [64%], respectively). Overall, 869 births (8.2%) were preterm. The risk of preterm birth was comparable between active surveillance and immediate LEEP (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.90-1.18). However, for women undergoing delayed LEEP after active surveillance (1539 of the active surveillance group [35%]), the risk of preterm birth was higher than for women treated with immediate LEEP (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.08-1.55). Conclusions and relevance In this cohort study of women with CIN2, the risk of preterm birth was comparable between active surveillance and immediate LEEP. However, delayed LEEP was associated with 30% higher risk of preterm birth than immediate LEEP. Thus, risk stratification at CIN2 diagnosis is important to identify women with increased risk of delayed LEEP.
First-Line Anlotinib Treatment for Soft-Tissue Sarcoma in Chemotherapy-Ineligible Patients: An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Tao Li, Ying Dong, Yongzhong Wei, Shoufeng Wang, Yunxia Liu, Jia Chen, Wenhua Xiong, Nong Lin, Xin Huang, Meng Liu, Xiaobo Yan, Zhaoming Ye, Binghao Li
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: Standard treatment for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (LA/M STS) is chemotherapy based on anthracyclines, but patient tolerance of chemotherapy is limited. The present trial (NCT03792542) investigated the use of anlotinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced STS, in particular liposarcoma. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients were previously untreated, pathologically confirmed, unresectable LA/M STS cases. Anlotinib was given orally at a dose of 12 mg once daily from days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks until disease progression or intolerable adverse events (AE) occurred. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate, and disease control rate (DCR). The safety profile was also evaluated. Results: Forty patients were enrolled from April 2019 to June 2022 and are included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The median PFS was 6.83 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.17–8.71] and the median OS 27.40 months (95% CI, 16.43–not evaluable); 1 patient reached partial response and 26 attained stable disease, with a DCR of 67.5% (27/40). Median PFS and OS times for liposarcoma patients were 8.71 and 16.23 months, respectively. Ten (25.0%) patients had treatment-related AEs ≥ grade 3, with in particular a higher incidence of hypertension (15.0%) and proteinuria (7.5%). Conclusions: The findings suggest a potential benefit in using front-line anlotinib to treat patients with STS, who are not eligible for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Of note, the clinical outcomes for the liposarcoma subgroup of patients were encouraging. See related commentary by Napolitano et al., p. 4257
Persistent immune imprinting occurs after vaccination with the COVID-19 XBB.1.5 mRNA booster in humans
Authors: M. Alejandra Tortorici, Amin Addetia, Albert J. Seo, Jack Brown, Kaiti Sprouse, Jenni Logue, Erica Clark, Nicholas Franko, Helen Chu, David Veesler
Journal: Immunity (2024)

Immune imprinting describes how the first exposure to a virus shapes immunological outcomes of subsequent exposures to antigenically related strains. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron breakthrough infections and bivalent COVID-19 vaccination primarily recall cross-reactive memory B cells induced by prior Wuhan-Hu-1 spike mRNA vaccination rather than priming Omicron-specific naive B cells. These findings indicate that immune imprinting occurs after repeated Wuhan-Hu-1 spike exposures, but whether it can be overcome remains unclear. To understand the persistence of immune imprinting, we investigated memory and plasma antibody responses after administration of the updated XBB.1.5 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine booster. We showed that the XBB.1.5 booster elicited neutralizing antibody responses against current variants that were dominated by recall of pre-existing memory B cells previously induced by the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike. Therefore, immune imprinting persists after multiple exposures to Omicron spikes through vaccination and infection, including post XBB.1.5 booster vaccination, which will need to be considered to guide future vaccination.
Multimodal stimulation screens reveal unique and shared genes limiting T cell fitness
Authors: Chun-Pu Lin, Pierre L. Levy, Astrid Alflen, Georgi Apriamashvili, Maarten A. Ligtenberg, David W. Vredevoogd, Onno B. Bleijerveld, Ferhat Alkan, Yuval Malka, Liesbeth Hoekman, Ettai Markovits, Austin George, Joleen J.H. Traets, Oscar Krijgsman, Alex van Vliet, Joanna Poźniak, Carlos Ariel Pulido-Vicuña, Beaunelle de Bruijn, Susan E. van Hal-van Veen, Julia Boshuizen, Pim W. van der Helm, Judit Díaz-Gómez, Hamdy Warda, Leonie M. Behrens, Paula Mardesic, Bilal Dehni, Nils L. Visser, Jean-Christophe Marine, Gal Markel, William J. Faller, Maarten Altelaar, Reuven Agami, Michal J. Besser, Daniel S. Peeper
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)

Genes limiting T cell antitumor activity may serve as therapeutic targets. It has not been systematically studied whether there are regulators that uniquely or broadly contribute to T cell fitness. We perform genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens in primary CD8 T cells to uncover genes negatively impacting fitness upon three modes of stimulation: (1) intense, triggering activation-induced cell death (AICD); (2) acute, triggering expansion; (3) chronic, causing dysfunction. Besides established regulators, we uncover genes controlling T cell fitness either specifically or commonly upon differential stimulation. Dap5 ablation, ranking highly in all three screens, increases translation while enhancing tumor killing. Loss of Icam1-mediated homotypic T cell clustering amplifies cell expansion and effector functions after both acute and intense stimulation. Lastly, Ctbp1 inactivation induces functional T cell persistence exclusively upon chronic stimulation. Our results functionally annotate fitness regulators based on their unique or shared contribution to traits limiting T cell antitumor activity.