tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Geographic and Demographic Differences in the Proportion of Individuals Living in Households With a Firearm, 1990-2018
Authors: Andrew R. Morral, Rosanna Smart, Terry L. Schell, Brian Vegetabile, Emma Thomas
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Measures of the proportion of individuals living in households with a firearm (HFR), over time, across states, and by demographic groups are needed to evaluate disparities in firearm violence and the effects of firearm policies. Objective To estimate HFR across states, years, and demographic groups in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants In this survey study, substate HFR totals from 1990 to 2018 were estimated using bayesian multilevel regression with poststratification to analyze survey data on HFR from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the General Social Survey. HFR was estimated for 16 substate demographic groups defined by gender, race, marital status, and urbanicity in each state and year. Exposures Survey responses indicating household firearm ownership were analyzed and compared with a common proxy for firearm ownership, the fraction of suicides completed with a firearm (FSS). Main Outcome and Measure HFR, FSS, and their correlations and differences. Results Among US adults in 2018, HFR was significantly higher among married, nonurban, non-Hispanic White and American Indian male individuals (65.0%; 95% credible interval [CI], 61.5%-68.7%) compared with their unmarried, urban, female counterparts from other racial and ethnic groups (7.3%; 95% CIs, 6.0%-9.2%). Marginal HFR rates for larger demographic groups also revealed important differences, with racial minority groups and urban dwellers having less than half the HFR of either White and American Indian (39.5%; 95% CI, 37.4%-42.9% vs 17.2%; 95% CI, 15.5%-19.9%) or nonurban populations (46.0%; 95% CI, 43.8%-49.5% vs 23.1%; 95% CI, 21.3%-26.2%). Population growth among groups less likely to own firearms, rather than changes in ownership within demographic groups, explains 30% of the 7 percentage point decline in HFR nationally from 1990 to 2018. Comparing HFR estimates with FSS revealed the expected high overall correlation across states (r = 0.84), but scaled FSS differed from HFR by as many as 20 percentage points for some states and demographic groups. Conclusions and Relevance This survey study of HFR providing detailed, publicly available HFR estimates highlights key disparities among individuals in households with firearms across states and demographic groups; it also identifies potential biases in the use of FSS as a proxy for firearm ownership rates. These findings are essential for researchers, policymakers, and public health experts looking to address geographic and demographic disparities in firearm violence.
Age and Computed Tomography and Invasive Coronary Angiography in Stable Chest Pain
Authors: Maria Bosserdt, Lina M. Serna-Higuita, Gudrun Feuchtner, Bela Merkely, Klaus F. Kofoed, Theodora Benedek, Patrick Donnelly, José Rodriguez-Palomares, Andrejs Erglis, Cyril Štěchovský, Gintarė Šakalytė, Nada Čemerlić Ađić, Matthias Gutberlet, Jonathan D. Dodd, Ignacio Diez, Gershan Davis, Elke Zimmermann, Cezary Kępka, Radosav Vidakovic, Marco Francone, Małgorzata Ilnicka-Suckiel, Fabian Plank, Juhani Knuuti, Rita Faria, Stephen Schröder, Colin Berry, Luca Saba, Balazs Ruzsics, Nina Rieckmann, Christine Kubiak, Kristian Schultz Hansen, Jacqueline Müller-Nordhorn, Bálint Szilveszter, Per E. Sigvardsen, Imre Benedek, Clare Orr, Filipa Xavier Valente, Ligita Zvaigzne, Vojtěch Suchánek, Antanas Jankauskas, Filip Ađić, Michael Woinke, Mark Hensey, Iñigo Lecumberri, Erica Thwaite, Michael Laule, Mariusz Kruk, Aleksandar N. Neskovic, Massimo Mancone, Donata Kuśmierz, Mikko Pietilä, Vasco Gama Ribeiro, Tanja Drosch, Christian Delles, Maurizio Porcu, Michael Fisher, Melinda Boussoussou, Charlotte Kragelund, Rosca Aurelian, Stephanie Kelly, Bruno Garcia del Blanco, Ainhoa Rubio, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Jens D. Hove, Ioana Rodean, Susan Regan, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Levente Molnár, Linnea Larsen, Roxana Hodas, Adriane E. Napp, Robert Haase, Sarah Feger, Mahmoud Mohamed, Konrad Neumann, Henryk Dreger, Matthias Rief, Viktoria Wieske, Melanie Estrella, Peter Martus, Harold C. Sox, Marc Dewey
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

The effectiveness and safety of computed tomography (CT) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in different age groups is unknown.
Meta-Analysis: Exercise as Effective as Therapy for Treating Depression
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence and Factors Associated With Second Primary Invasive Melanoma in Norway
Authors: Reza Ghiasvand, Adele C. Green, Marit B. Veierød, Trude E. Robsahm
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Importance Patients diagnosed with a primary melanoma are at high risk of subsequent melanomas. Understanding the risk of second primary invasive melanoma and associated factors is crucial to optimize patient follow-up. Objective To assess the incidence rate of second primary invasive melanoma and time between the first and second primary invasive melanoma in the Norwegian population. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study included data from deidentified records of all invasive melanomas diagnosed in Norway in 2008 to 2020, obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Data were from adults aged 18 years or older diagnosed with a first primary melanoma. Data analysis was performed from March to August 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the incidence rate of second primary invasive melanoma at least 30 days after the first. Accelerated failure time models were fitted to examine potential associations with patient and tumor characteristics. Median time between first and second primary melanomas and 95% CIs were calculated. The likelihood of, and median interval for, second primary melanomas on the same or different site as the first primary were calculated. Results A total of 19 196 individuals aged 18 years or older were diagnosed with a first primary melanoma. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis of the first primary melanoma was 62 (16) years (range, 18-104 years), and 9763 (51%) were female. The incidence rate in the year following diagnosis was 16.8 (95% CI, 14.9-18.7) per 1000 person-years, which decreased to 7.3 (95% CI, 6.0-8.6) during the second year and stabilized thereafter. Median time between first and second primaries decreased with advancing age and was 37 months (95% CI, 8-49) in patients younger than 40 years, 18 (95% CI, 13-24) in patients aged 50 to 59 years, and 11 (95% CI, 7-18) in patients aged 80 years or older. The second primary was on the same site as their first primary for 47% (359 patients), and on a different site for 53% (407 patients). The median interval until second melanoma on the same site as the initial melanoma was 12 (95% CI, 7-19) months in men and 22 (95% CI, 11-35) months in women. Conclusions and Relevance Older age and male sex were associated with an increased risk, suggesting that increased surveillance intensity may be considered for men, especially those older than 50 years, for at least 3 years after their initial diagnosis, regardless of the characteristics of their first invasive melanoma.
Anticipating Needs Among Older Adults After Major Surgery—A Focus on 30- and 180-Day Hospital Readmissions
Authors: Shukri H. A. Dualeh, Pasithorn A. Suwanabol
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Yi Wang, PhD; Linda Leo-Summers, MPH; Brent Vander Wyk, PhD; Kendra Davis-Plourde, PhD; Thomas M. Gill, MD; Robert D. Becher, MD, MS
A Pooled Analysis of Treatment-Free Survival in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Elaine Chang, Jiaxi Zhou, Chi Song, Haley Gittleman, Laura Fernandes, Chana Weinstock, Michael B. Atkins, Sundeep Agrawal, Rajeshwari Sridhara, Nicole Gormley, Shenghui Tang, Daniel L. Suzman, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, Paul G. Kluetz, Richard Pazdur, Brian I. Rini, David F. McDermott, Meredith M. Regan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: A clinically meaningful attribute of some immune-oncology (IO) regimens is potential durable clinical benefit during a treatment-free interval. We characterize treatment-free survival (TFS) with and without ongoing toxicity in trials of frontline IO-VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). Experimental Design: Individual patient data were pooled by treatment arm from randomized trials submitted to the FDA evaluating IO-TKI combination in treatment-naïve aRCC with at least 30 months of median follow-up. OS, TFS, TFS with and without toxicity, and time to all protocol therapy cessation were assessed. TFS was estimated by 30-month restricted mean times, defined as area between Kaplan–Meier curves for two time-to-event endpoints originating at randomization: time to all protocol therapy cessation and time to subsequent systemic therapy initiation or death. Results: Three trials met criteria for analysis; 1,183 patients received IO-TKI versus 1,184 on control arms receiving TKI alone (sunitinib, SUN). IO-TKI and SUN groups spent 9% {2.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8–3.5]} and 10% [2.9 months (95% CI, 2.1–3.8)] of the 30-month period alive and treatment-free, respectively. Mean TFS without grade ≥3 toxicity was 1.7 and 2.3 months in IO-TKI and SUN groups, respectively. Conclusions: In this post hoc partitioned survival analysis, TFS and TFS without toxicity appeared similar in the IO-TKI group compared with the SUN group. These findings may reflect contin-uation of TKI until progression per protocol design in all trials and discontinuation of IO after 2 years in two trials. See related commentary by Stadler and Karrison, p. 3098
FDA Approves Iloprost as First Drug to Treat Severe Frostbite
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changes in alcohol intake and serum urate changes: longitudinal analyses of annual medical examination database
Authors: Sho Fukui, Masato Okada, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Takahiro Asano, Takehiro Nakai, Hiromichi Tamaki, Mitsumasa Kishimoto, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Takeaki Matsuda, Javier Marrugo, Sara K Tedeschi, Hyon Choi, Daniel H Solomon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Despite the established cross-sectional association between alcohol intake and serum urate (SU), its longitudinal association remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether changes in alcohol intake have a clinically relevant association with SU change.
Improving Outcomes in Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease
Authors: Sandra A. Mitchell, Edward W. Cowen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Reimagining Block Scheduling to Address Resident Well-Being
Authors: Catherine Waymel, Candice Norcott, Bree Andrews
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Daniel Heppe, MD; Amiran Baduashvili, MD; Julia E. Limes, MD; Katie Suddarth, MD; Adrienne Mann, MD; Emily Gottenborg, MD; Yasmin Sacro, MD; Lisa Davis, MD, MSCS; Karen Chacko, MD; Geoffrey Connors, MD
Metabolomic analysis of plasma biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jun Liu, Yuhua Tan, Fan Zhang, Yan Wang, Shu Chen, Na Zhang, Wenjie Dai, Liqing Zhou, Ji‐Cheng Li
Journal: MedComm (2024)

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents a significant risk to human well‐being and has emerged as a worldwide public health concern. Twenty‐eight children with ASD and 33 healthy children (HC) were selected for the quantitative determination of their plasma metabolites using an ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) platform. A total of 1997 metabolites were detected in the study cohort, from which 116 metabolites were found to be differentially expressed between the ASD and HC groups. Through analytical algorithms such as least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF), three potential metabolic markers were identified as FAHFA (18:1(9Z)/9‐O‐18:0), DL‐2‐hydroxystearic acid, and 7(S),17(S)‐dihydroxy‐8(E),10(Z),13(Z),15(E),19(Z)‐docosapentaenoic acid. These metabolites demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing the ASD group from the HC group, as indicated by the area under curves (AUCs) of 0.935, 0.897, and 0.963 for the three candidate biomarkers, respectively. The samples were divided into training and validation sets according to 7:3. Diagnostic models were constructed using logistic regression (LR), SVM, and RF. The constructed three‐biomarker diagnostic model also exhibited strong discriminatory efficacy. These findings contribute to advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the occurrence of ASD and provide a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis.
CDC Tracking BA.2.87.1, New Omicron Subvariant With Potential to Evade Immunity
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
John Launer: Preventing a mismatch of agendas
Authors: John Launer
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Some time ago I received a hospital appointment that I wasn't expecting.I'd seen the consultant only a few weeks previously, so I phoned to inquire why I was being invited back.I discovered that it was for a review clinic, run by a specialist nurse.I was rather pleased and delayed a planned break to attend.In my experience both as a health professional and as a patient, clinics run by nurses are good news.Nurses tend to be more systematic in their clinical reviews, often seem more attentive than doctors, and are more inclined to learn from patients and offer guidance about self-management.I hoped that the nurse might also provide some continuity of care and access by phone or email when I had a query about my condition-as well as being a conduit for contacting the consultant if necessary.These things matter to patients more than we sometimes think.
Personalized mood prediction from patterns of behavior collected with smartphones
Authors: Brunilda Balliu, Chris Douglas, Darsol Seok, Liat Shenhav, Yue Wu, Doxa Chatzopoulou, William Kaiser, Victor Chen, Jennifer Kim, Sandeep Deverasetty, Inna Arnaudova, Robert Gibbons, Eliza Congdon, Michelle G. Craske, Nelson Freimer, Eran Halperin, Sriram Sankararaman, Jonathan Flint
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Over the last ten years, there has been considerable progress in using digital behavioral phenotypes, captured passively and continuously from smartphones and wearable devices, to infer depressive mood. However, most digital phenotype studies suffer from poor replicability, often fail to detect clinically relevant events, and use measures of depression that are not validated or suitable for collecting large and longitudinal data. Here, we report high-quality longitudinal validated assessments of depressive mood from computerized adaptive testing paired with continuous digital assessments of behavior from smartphone sensors for up to 40 weeks on 183 individuals experiencing mild to severe symptoms of depression. We apply a combination of cubic spline interpolation and idiographic models to generate individualized predictions of future mood from the digital behavioral phenotypes, achieving high prediction accuracy of depression severity up to three weeks in advance ( R 2 ≥ 80%) and a 65.7% reduction in the prediction error over a baseline model which predicts future mood based on past depression severity alone. Finally, our study verified the feasibility of obtaining high-quality longitudinal assessments of mood from a clinical population and predicting symptom severity weeks in advance using passively collected digital behavioral data. Our results indicate the possibility of expanding the repertoire of patient-specific behavioral measures to enable future psychiatric research.
Hourly Heat Exposure and Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xinlei Zhu, Renjie Chen, Jing Yuan, Yang Liu, Yong Wang, Xunming Ji, Haidong Kan, Jing Zhao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Previous studies have demonstrated the associations of daily high temperature with hospitalizations and mortality from ischemic stroke, but the hourly association of ambient heat and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) onset has been rarely examined. Objectives To evaluate the association between hourly high ambient temperature and the onset of AIS. Design, Setting, and Participants This time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted using a nationwide registry that collects data from more than 200 stroke centers in China. Participants were adult patients with AIS who were hospitalized in the warm seasons between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. Exposures Hourly temperature and single-hour temperature exposure lag up to 24 hours before the AIS onset (lag 0 hours to lag 24 hours). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was onset of AIS. Associations between hourly mean temperatures and AIS onset were analyzed using conditional logistic regression integrated with the distributed lag nonlinear model. Stratification analyses were applied to examine potential association modifiers. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results. Results A total of 82 455 patients with AIS (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [11.9] years; 52 267 males [63.4%]) were included in the final analysis. A monotonically increasing risk of AIS onset was associated with higher temperatures. The excess AIS risk occurred immediately at lag 0 hours and persisted for 10 hours. Compared with the reference temperature (12.1 °C), the cumulative odds ratio (OR) over lag 0 to 10 hours of AIS onset associated with extremely high temperature (33.3 °C) was 1.88 (95% CI, 1.65-2.13) nationwide. The exposure-response curve was steeper in the north than in the south (OR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.53-2.11] vs 1.57 [95% CI, 1.31-1.87]). The ORs were greater for males and patients with a history of dyslipidemia or atrial fibrillation, but the differences were not significant. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that hourly heat exposure is associated with increased risk of AIS onset. This finding may benefit the formulation of public health strategies to reduce cerebrovascular risk associated with high ambient temperature under global warming.
Histological Chorioamnionitis Increases the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Viral G Jain, Nehal A Parikh, Matthew A Rysavy, Vivek V Shukla, Marissa Trotta, Alan Jobe, Waldemar A Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Histological Chorioamnionitis Increases the Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.