tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Criminal Charges and Convictions in Mid and Late Adolescence
Authors: Ea Hoppe Blaabæk, Daniel Juhász Vigild, Felix Elwert, Peter Fallesen, Lars H. Andersen
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Childhood exposure to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Individuals with a childhood history of mTBI experience more frequent criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence and adulthood. No study had been conducted to examine whether the link is causal or spurious. Objective To determine whether mTBI in childhood causes criminal justice involvement in mid to late adolescence. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used population-based data for all children born between 1995 and 2000 in Denmark, with data linked to emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations before age 10 years and all criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 years. The exposure group contained all individuals diagnosed with mTBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries; the comparison group was individuals not diagnosed with mTBI or intracranial or extracranial injuries. Sibling and twin fixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association after controlling for family-level confounding. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to July 2024. Exposures Mild TBI before age 10 years without other intracranial or extracranial injuries before or at the time of diagnosis. Main Outcomes and Measures Associations between mTBI before age 10 years and criminal charges and convictions from ages 15 to 20 for the entire study population and separately by sex at birth, controlling for additional covariates. Results The final analytic sample consisted of 343 027 individuals, 13 514 in the exposure group and 329 513 in the comparison group. Of the total sample, 166 455 (49%) were female and 176 572 were male (51%). A total of 326 191 participants (95%) had at least 1 parent with Danish citizenship, and 79 386 mothers (23%) held a college degree. There was a positive association between mTBI and criminal charges (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.34) and convictions (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.33). When controlling for family-level confounding, the associations became statistically insignificant and, in most models, greatly reduced. Results were robust across multiple model specifications. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that although mTBI in childhood was predictive of adolescent criminal justice involvement, there was no evidence that mTBI caused criminal charges or convictions.
Redlining and Time to Viral Suppression Among Persons With HIV
Authors: John R. Bassler, Lauren Ostrenga, Emily B. Levitan, Emma S. Kay, Dustin M. Long, Michael J. Mugavero, Ariann F. Nassel, Mariel Parman, Miya Tate, Aadia Rana, D. Scott Batey
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Importance Structural racism in the US is evidenced in the discriminatory practice of historical racial redlining when neighborhoods were valued, in part, based on the community’s racial and ethnic compositions. However, the influence of these systemic practices in the context of the HIV epidemic is not well understood. Objective To assess the effect of redlining on time to viral suppression among people newly diagnosed with HIV. Design, Setting, and Participants Observational study that included individuals diagnosed with HIV from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2019, in New Orleans, Louisiana. At the time of their HIV diagnosis, these individuals lived in neighborhoods historically mapped by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC). The HOLC lending risk maps classified neighborhoods into 1 of 4 color-coded grades: A (best), B (still desirable), C (definitely declining), and D (hazardous). Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome of interest was time to viral suppression (estimated as the time from the diagnosis date to the date of the first recorded viral load that was &amp;amp;lt;200 copies/mL). Individual-level demographic factors were used to evaluate time to viral suppression along with a neighborhood measure of gentrification (based on US census tract–level characteristics for educational attainment, housing development and value, and household income) and a Cox gamma frailty model with census tract used as the frailty term. Results Of 1132 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV, 871 (76.9%) were men and 620 (54.8%) were 25 to 44 years of age. Of the 697 individuals living in historically redlined neighborhoods (HOLC grade D), 100 (14.6%) were living in neighborhoods that were gentrifying. The median time to viral suppression was 193 days (95% CI, 167-223 days) for persons with HIV living in redlined neighborhoods compared with 164 days (95% CI, 143-185 days) for the 435 persons with HIV living in HOLC grade A, B, or C (nonredlined) neighborhoods. Among persons with HIV living in gentrifying neighborhoods, those living in redlined neighborhoods had a longer time to viral suppression compared with persons living in nonredlined neighborhoods (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.36-0.82]). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest the enduring effects of systemic racism on present-day health outcomes among persons with HIV. Regardless of their neighborhood’s contemporary level of gentrification, individuals diagnosed with HIV while living in historically redlined neighborhoods may experience a significantly longer time to viral suppression.
Social Vulnerability and Sickle Cell Disease Mortality in the US
Authors: Jia Yi Tan, Boon Jian San, Yong-Hao Yeo, Kok Hoe Chan, Hamid S. Shaaban, Daniel E. Ezekwudo, Modupe Idowu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Social determinants of health (SDOH) influence health outcomes, including those of sickle cell disease (SCD), despite advancements in treatments like disease-modifying therapies. Objective To investigate the association of SDOH with SCD mortality rates from 2016 to 2020. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study combined county-level data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) with SCD mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020. US counties were divided into 4 quartile (Q) models according to their SVI scores. Deaths from SCD in the US among patients of all ages were included. Data analysis occurred from March to April 2024. Exposure SVI score. Main Outcomes and Measures Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1 000 000 individuals were measured. Rate ratios (RRs) were obtained by comparing county-specific AAMRs of SVI-Q4 with SVI-Q1. Results From 2016 to 2020, among a total population of 1 633 737 771 individuals, there were 2635 deaths from SCD (1289 male [49.1%] and 1336 female [50.9%]). There were 1480 deaths in Q4, 687 deaths in Q3, 344 deaths in Q2, and 114 deaths in Q1. Higher SVI was associated with 2.11 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 4.90; 95% CI, 4.81-5.00). Similar trends were seen for both males (RR, 4.56; 95% CI, 4.44-4.69) and females (RR, 5.85; 95% CI, 5.68-6.03). Middle-aged patients with SCD had the highest mortality rate in Q4, with 3.45 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 4.97; 95% CI, 4.85-5.09). Higher SVI was associated with 2.29 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals in African American individuals with SCD (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.22-1.27]). In White individuals with SCD, higher SVI was associated with 0.12 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR not available due to unreliable data in Q1). When stratifying by census region, the highest level of SCD-related mortality was in the Northeast, with higher SVI associated with 3.16 excess deaths per 1 000 000 individuals (RR, 8.02; 95% CI, 7.66-8.40). Conclusions In this cross-sectional study of the association of SVI with SCD mortality rates, higher SVI was associated with higher SCD mortality across US counties. These findings underscore the importance of addressing social determinants of health to improve mortality outcomes among patients with SCD.
Contemporary Training in American Critical Care Cardiology: Minnesota Critical Care Cardiology Education Summit
Authors: Andrea M Elliott, Jason A Bartos, Christopher F Barnett, P Elliott Miller, Robert O Roswell, Carlos Alviar, Courtney Bennett, David D Berg, Erin A Bohula, Meshe Chonde, Garima Dahiya, Jessica Fleitman, Ann Gage, Barinder S Hansra, Andrew Higgins, Steven M Hollenberg, James M Horowitz, Jacob C Jentzer, Jason N Katz, Yoav Karpenshif, Ran Lee, Venu Menon, Thomas S Metkus, Srini Mukundan, Zachary J Rhinehart, Balimkiz Senman, Mourad Senussi, Michael A Solomon, Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula, David M Dudzinski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Individual-Level Exposure to Residential Redlining in 1940 and Mortality Risk
Authors: Sebastian Linde, Leonard E. Egede
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Importance Historic redlining, the practice by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) of systematically denying credit to borrowers in neighborhoods that were inhabited by primarily African American individuals, has been associated with poor community outcomes, but the association with individual risk of death is not clear. Objective To examine if exposure to residential redlining practices by HOLC in 1940 is associated with increased risk of death later in life. Design, Setting, and Participants The study linked individuals who resided within HOLC-graded neighborhoods (defined as Census Enumeration Districts) in 1940 with administrative death records data. The study estimated hazard ratios as well as age-specific life expectancy gaps (at age 55, 65, and 75 years) for HOLC grading exposure. This was done using methods that adapted standard parametric survival analysis to data with limited mortality coverage windows and incomplete observations of survivors. The analysis sample consisted of 961 719 individual-level observations across 13 912 enumeration districts within 30 of the largest US cities (based on 1940 population counts) across 23 states. Data were analyzed between December 1, 2023, and September 4, 2024. Main Outcome and Measures The exposure was HOLC grade based on historic HOLC maps, with A representing “best” or creditworthy areas; B, “still desirable”; C, “definitely declining”; and D, “hazardous” areas not worthy of credit (ie, redlined), and the main outcome was age at death from the Social Security Numident file. Results The 961 719-person individual sample had a mean (SD) age of 19.26 (9.26) years in 1940 and a mean (SD) age at death of 76.83 (9.22) years. In a model adjusted for sex (52.48% female; 47.52% male), race and ethnicity (7.36% African American; 92.64% White), and latent place effects, a 1-unit lower HOLC grade was associated with an 8% (hazard ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.07-1.09]) increased risk of death. At age 65 years, these hazard differentials translated into an estimated life expectancy gap of −0.49 (95% CI, −0.56 to −0.43) years for each 1-unit decrease of the HOLC grade. Conclusion This study found that individuals who resided within redlined neighborhoods in 1940 had lower life expectancy later in life than individuals who resided within other HOLC-graded areas.
Antiseizure Medications and Cardiovascular Events in Older People With Epilepsy
Authors: Jimmy Li, Nathan A. Shlobin, Roland D. Thijs, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Colin B. Josephson, Charles Deacon, Mark R. Keezer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Importance How epilepsy may promote cardiovascular disease remains poorly understood. Objective To estimate the odds of new-onset cardiovascular events (CVEs) over 6 years in older people with vs without epilepsy, exploring how enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (EIASMs) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors mediate these odds. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective cohort study using the comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), with 6 years of follow-up (2015-2021, analysis performed in December 2023). The CLSA is an ongoing, national study of 51 338 adults aged 45 to 85 years at baseline who are recruited in Canada. The comprehensive cohort includes 30 097 individuals living near 1 of 11 data collection centers. Participation in the CLSA was voluntary; participation rate was 45%. Among those in the comprehensive cohort, individuals reporting no previous history of CVEs (ie, stroke, transient ischemic attack [TIA], or myocardial infarction [MI]) at baseline were excluded. No other exclusion criteria were applied. A total of 86% of participants completed follow-up. Exposure Lifetime history of epilepsy. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was new-onset CVEs over 6 years. Secondary outcomes were new-onset strokes, TIAs, and MIs. Logistic models were fitted for these outcomes as a function of epilepsy, age, sex, household income, and education level. Mediation analyses were conducted for strong EIASM use, weak EIASM use, Framingham score, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) score, and waist to hip ratio. Results Among the 30 097 individuals in the comprehensive cohort, a total of 27 230 individuals (mean [SD] age, 62.3 [10.1] years; 14 268 female [52.4%]) were included, 431 with a lifetime history of epilepsy. New-onset CVEs were more likely in epilepsy, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.20 (95% CI, 1.48-3.27). The proportion of the effect of epilepsy on new-onset CVEs was mediated as follows by each of the following variables: strong EIASM use, 24.6% (95% CI, 6.5%-54.6%), weak EIASM use, 4.0% (95% CI, 0.8%-11.0%), Framingham score, 1.4% (95% CI, −1.6% to 4.5%), PASE score, 3.3% (95% CI, 1.4%-6.8%), and waist to hip ratio, 1.6% (95% CI, 0.4%-3.7%). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study reveal that epilepsy was associated with new-onset CVEs. Nearly one-third of this association can be explained by EIASMs. These findings should be considered when choosing an antiseizure medication for a person at risk for cardiovascular disease.
Prognostic Implications of Clinical and Imaging Diagnostic Criteria for Myocarditis
Authors: Benedikt Bernhard, Martin E Marxer, Jan C Zurkirchen, Jonathan Schütze, Andreas Wahl, Elena Elchinova, Giancarlo Spano, Martina Boscolo Berto, Monika Wieser, Chrysoula Garefa, Moritz Hundertmark, Maryam Pavlicek-Bahlo, Isaac Shiri, Raymond Y Kwong, Christoph Gräni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Trends in Female Physicians Entering High-Compensation Specialties, 2008 to 2022
Authors: Karina Pereira-Lima, Srijan Sen, Sujatha Changolkar, Elena Frank, Amy S. B. Bohnert
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study examines US trends in the proportion of female applicants and matriculants to residency programs for high-compensation surgical and nonsurgical pipeline specialties during 2008-2022.
Iron TAMs: The fallen protectors
Authors: Lijuan Sun, Mikala Egeblad
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

A new study by Folkert et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230420) defines an “iron-rich” subset of tumor-associated macrophages (iTAMs). The metabolism of heme leads to the degradation of the transcriptional repressor Bach1 and shapes the transcriptional profile of iTAMs. The endothelin receptor B in iTAMs signals tumor-supportive functions.
Linking Data on Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in Youths to Assess Disease Burden
Authors: Lauren A. Magee, Damaris Ortiz, Zachary W. Adams, Jodi L. Raymond, Brigid R. Marriott, Matthew P. Landman, Joseph O’Neill, Tiffany L. Davis, Jamie Williams, Kendale Adams, Jessica Belchos, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Peter C. Jenkins, Megan L. Ranney
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study estimates the incidence of nonfatal firearm injuries among children and young adults after linking patient-level police and trauma registry data.
Impact of Aficamten on Disease and Symptom Burden in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Martin S Maron, Ahmad Masri, Michael E Nassif, Roberto Barriales-Villa, Theodore P Abraham, Michael Arad, Nuno Cardim, Lubna Choudhury, Brian Claggett, Caroline J Coats, Hans-Dirk Düngen, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Albert A Hagège, James L Januzzi, Ian Kulac, Matthew M Y Lee, Gregory D Lewis, Chang-Sheng Ma, Michelle Michels, Artur Oreziak, Anjali T Owens, John A Spertus, Scott D Solomon, Jacob Tfelt-Hansen, Marion van Sinttruije, Josef Veselka, Hugh C Watkins, Daniel L Jacoby, Stephen B Heitner, Stuart Kupfer, Fady I Malik, Lisa Meng, Amy Wohltman, Iacopo Olivotto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Autologous platelet concentrates in alveolar ridge preservation: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Sayed Ahmad Manoetjer Siawasch, Jize Yu, Ana B. Castro, Rutger Dhondt, Wim Teughels, Andy Temmerman, Marc Quirynen
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2024)

Abstract In order to evaluate the therapeutic advantages of various autologous platelet concentrates (APC) as a single biomaterial during alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), a systematic review with meta‐analyses was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were released prior to 2024. The selected papers compared an APC with either unassisted healing (blood clot) or another biomaterial during ARP (third molars were not included). The outcome parameters included alveolar bone dimension alterations, soft tissue healing, and post‐op pain intensity. The search yielded 35 papers (33 studies), one applying platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), six using plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), and 28 using leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF). These studies showed a large heterogeneity (e.g., outcome parameters, timing, surgical approach, and inclusion criteria), which hindered drawing strong conclusions. In most studies, however, ARP with PRP, PRGF, and L‐PRF alone produced faster soft tissue healing, less post‐extraction pain, less alveolar ridge resorption, more socket bone fill, and a higher bone density when compared to unassisted (spontaneous) healing. The ultimate benefit appears to be significantly influenced by the surgical approach. Limited literature exists comparing APC with other biomaterials for ARP, resulting in inconclusive data. APC application for ARP is a promising strategy to improve soft and hard tissue healing and reduce post‐extraction pain.
Smart Implantable Hydrogel for Large Segmental Bone Regeneration
Authors: Menghan Li, Haiping Wu, Ke Gao, Yubo Wang, Jiaqi Hu, Ziling Guo, Ruiwei Hu, Mengxuan Zhang, Xiaoxiao Pang, Minghui Guo, Yuanjie Liu, Lina Zhao, Wen He, Shijia Ding, Wenyang Li, Wei Cheng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Large segmental bone defects often lead to nonunion and dysfunction, posing a significant challenge for clinicians. Inspired by the intrinsic bone defect repair logic of “vascularization and then osteogenesis”, this study originally reports a smart implantable hydrogel (PDS‐DC) with high mechanical properties, controllable scaffold degradation, and timing drug release that can proactively match different bone healing cycles to efficiently promote bone regeneration. The main scaffold of PDS‐DC consists of polyacrylamide, polydopamine, and silk fibroin, which endows it with superior interfacial adhesion, structural toughness, and mechanical stiffness. In particular, the adjustment of scaffold cross‐linking agent mixing ratio can effectively regulate the in vivo degradation rate of PDS‐DC and intelligently satisfy the requirements of different bone defect healing cycles. Ultimately, PDS hydrogel loaded with free desferrioxamine (DFO) and CaCO 3 mineralized ZIF‐90 loaded bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) to stimulate efficient angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Notably, DFO is released rapidly by free diffusion, whereas BMP‐2 is released slowly by pH‐dependent layer‐by‐layer disintegration, resulting in a significant difference in release time, thus matching the intrinsic logic of bone defect repair. In vivo and in vitro results confirm that PDS‐DC can effectively realize high‐quality bone generation and intelligently regulate to adapt to different demands of bone defects.
Neoantigen immunogenicity landscapes and evolution of tumor ecosystems during immunotherapy with nivolumab
Authors: Tyler J Alban, Nadeem Riaz, Prerana Parthasarathy, Vladimir Makarov, Sviatoslav Kendall, Seong-Keun Yoo, Rachna Shah, Nils Weinhold, Raghvendra Srivastava, Xiaoxiao Ma, Chirag Krishna, Juk Yee Mok, Wim J E van Esch, Edward Garon, Wallace Akerley, Benjamin Creelan, Nivedita Aanur, Diego Chowell, William J Geese, Naiyer A Rizvi, Timothy A Chan
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in follicular lymphoma in the rituximab era: incidence, clinicopathological risk factors, and outcome in a population-based Danish cohort
Authors: Marie Hairing Enemark, Jonas Klejs Hemmingsen, Maja Dam Andersen, Trine Engelbrecht Hybel, Mads Emil Bjørn, Pär Lars Josefsson, Lars Møller Pedersen, Maja Bech Juul, Robert Schou Pedersen, Michael Thorsgaard, Ida Blok Sillesen, Trine Lindhardt Plesner, Stephen Jacques Hamilton-Dutoit, Paw Jensen, Charlotte Madsen, Maja Ludvigsen
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2024)
Proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage in prenatal human brain
Authors: Jiapei Chen, Elizabeth E Crouch, Miriam E Zawadzki, Kyle A Jacobs, Lakyn N Mayo, Jennifer Ja-Yoon Choi, Pin-Yeh Lin, Saba Shaikh, Jessica Tsui, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, Shamari Waller, Avani Kelekar, Gugene Kang, Edward J Valenzuela, Janeth Ochoa Birrueta, Loukas N Diafos, Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh, Barbara Di Marco, Wenlong Xia, Claudia Z Han, Nicole G Coufal, Christopher K Glass, Stephen P J Fancy, Julieta Alfonso, Arnold R Kriegstein, Michael C Oldham, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Matthew L Kutys, Maria K Lehtinen, Alexis J Combes, Eric J Huang
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2024)
Stimulating Wnt signaling reveals context-dependent genetic effects on gene regulation in primary human neural progenitors
Authors: Nana Matoba, Brandon D Le, Jordan M Valone, Justin M Wolter, Jessica T Mory, Dan Liang, Nil Aygün, K Alaine Broadaway, Marielle L Bond, Karen L Mohlke, Mark J Zylka, Michael I Love, Jason L Stein
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2024)
Multivariate genomic analysis of 5 million people elucidates the genetic architecture of shared components of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sanghyeon Park, Soyeon Kim, Beomsu Kim, Dan Say Kim, Jaeyoung Kim, Yeeun Ahn, Hyejin Kim, Minku Song, Injeong Shim, Sang-Hyuk Jung, Chamlee Cho, Soohyun Lim, Sanghoon Hong, Hyeonbin Jo, Akl C Fahed, Pradeep Natarajan, Patrick T Ellinor, Ali Torkamani, Woong-Yang Park, Tae Yang Yu, Woojae Myung, Hong-Hee Won
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)