tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2896: Quantitative Left Ventricular Flow Vortex Analysis is Superior to Conventional Echo-Doppler to Predict Hemodynamics and Symptoms in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: <i>A Novel Quantitative Vorticity Imaging Study Using Contrast Echocardiography and Particle Image Velocitimetry</i>
Authors: Geu-Ru Hong, Peng Li, Huy Nguyen, Wei Zhao, Shizhen Liu, Shannon Jin, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Giovanni Tonti, Helene Houle, Mani A Vannan, Jagat Narula
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: We have previously shown that the morphology and location of LV flow vortex is a critical determinant of directed blood flow during ejection. We evaluated whether quantitative LV flow vortex analysis by contrast echocardiography (CE) was superior to conventional echo-Doppler parameters to predict hemodynamics and symptomatic status in patients with systolic heart failure (HF). Methods: 27 patients had 2-D CE with iv Definity in the apical views. Velocity vector and vorticity of LV flow was measured by Particle Image Velocitimetry (PIV) combined with a Feature Tracking Algorithm (Siemens, CA). Relative and vortex relative strength (RS, VRS), and vortex pulsation correlation (VPC) were measured. LVEDP was measured invasively , and LA volume index (LAVI), E/E’ were measured by echo-Doppler. Results: RS, VRS, and VPC showed strong correlation with LVEDP (r=-0.927, p&lt;0.001, r=-0.913, p&lt;0.001, r=-0.870, p&lt;0.001), but LAVI and E/E’ showed only modest correlation to LVEDP ( r=0.639, p=0.01, r=0.503, p=0.03 ). Furthermore, RS (1.65 ± 0.3 vs 1.25 ± 0.2, p=0.04), VRS (0.79 ± 0.1 vs 0.59 ± 0.2, p=0.03), and VPC (0.83 ± 0.1 vs 0.67 ± 0.1, p=0.04) were significantly decreased in symptomatic versus asymptomatic HF, respectively. LAVI and E/E’ did not differentiate between symptomatic and asymtomatic HF. Figures A and B show LV flow vortex in asymptomatic and symptomatic HF respectively: pulsatility is stronger in asymptomatic HF although steady streaming flow is comparable. Conclusion : The data from this study shows that quantitative LV flow vortex parameters are superior to echo-Doppler measures to predict hemodymics and symptomatic status in patients with systolic HF.
Abstract 2100: Left Ventricular Mechanics in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Velocity Vector Analysis of Greyscale Cardiac Images
Authors: Petra S Niemann, Helene Houle, Matthew M Janssen, Sam J Geraci, Xiaonan Dai, David J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Right ventricular (RV) function influences left ventricular (LV) function in cardiac and cardiopulmonary diseases. We assessed the effect of RV function on LV peak systolic twist and ra...
Abstract 15383: Direct Conversion of Cardiac Fibroblasts into Cardiomyocyte-Like Cells in vivo
Authors: Kohei Inagawa, Naoto Muraoka, Rie Wada, Hiroyuki Yamakawa, Kazutaka Miyamoto, Tomohiko Umei, Keiichi Fukuda, Masaki Ieda
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background  Loss of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes due to myocardial damage is irreversible and current therapeutic regimes are limited. Regenerative medicine is an attractive option to repair injured hearts. We recently found that a combination of transcription factors reprograms cardiac fibroblasts directly into differentiated cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro. This study was designed to investigate whether direct injection of cardiac reprogramming factors into the infarct hearts can convert endogenous cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes in vivo.   Methods and Results  Coronary artery ligation was employed to induce myocardial infarction in mouse and retroviral vectors were used for gene transfer. The number of cardiac fibroblasts which express vimentin was significantly increased after myocardial infarction. To determine if reprogramming factors could induce cardiac transdifferentiation in vivo, we injected either a pool of Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5 (GMT) and DsRed or a control DsRed retrovirus into the a-myosin heavy chain (MHC) GFP mouse hearts, in which only differentiated cardiomyocytes express GFP. Cardiac fibroblasts infected with DsRed did not express a-MHC GFP, confirming cardiomyocyte conversion did not happen in the negative control. In contrast, after GMT and DsRed local delivery, double immunostaining demonstrated that the cells in the infarct area expressed both DsRed and a-MHC GFP. Moreover, the DsRed positive cells expressed sarcomeric α-actinin, a marker of cardiomyocytes, and had clear sarcomeric structures. We also found that cardiac conversion was more prominent in the border zone (5% of fiborblasts) compared with in the scar area.   Conclusions  These results indicate that endogenous cardiac fibroblasts can be a cell source for new cardiomyocytes and that direct cardiac reprogramming can be induced in vivo by local delivery of GMT into the infarct heart. Modifications of this strategy might provide new contractile tissues to repair infarct hearts.
Community study of infectious intestinal disease in England
Authors: P. R Hunter, J. G Wheeler, L. C Rodrigues, D. Sethi, D. S Tompkins, M. J Hudson, P. J Roderick, J. M Cowden, P. G Wall
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—Wheeler et al’s paper estimates the burden of symptomatic infectious intestinal disease in the United Kingdom.1 One aspect of their findings was the high proportion (55%) of community episodes in which no pathogen was identified. I would suggest that this study severely underestimates the prevalence of certain intestinal pathogens. For example, the authors calculate the incidence of cryptosporidium infection in their community study to be only 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.26 to 2.5) per 1000 person years.

Another approach to determining the incidence of an infectious disease is to determine the prevalence of antibodies in the community and then calculate the annual attack rate required to give that degree of antibody positivity. If an individual is assumed to remain antibody positive for life after an infection then this attack rate is given by a simple formula: cases/100 person years=% seropositive/average life expectancy.

Few studies of cryptosporidium antibodies have been carried out in the United Kingdom, but McLauchlin et al reported prevalences of 21% and 49% in two areas.2 In Oklahoma in the United States rates in adolescents were up to 58%.3 Given that life expectancy in the United Kingdom is about 76 years, this would give an estimated attack rate of up to 6.58/1000 person years (for 50% positivity), some eight times higher than that suggested by Wheeler et al. This figure itself is probably an underestimate given the observation that infection in human volunteers offers little protection against reinfection one year later.4 If individuals suffer repeated infection or if antibodies become undetectable after only a few years the real infection rate may be many times greater still.

The arguments that I have presented apply equally to other pathogens. We must be cautious about using data collected from this type of study in assessing the health and cost benefits of public health interventions aimed at single pathogens. A study of the seroepidemiology of various enteric pathogens is needed.
Abstract 5161: Accelerated Telomere Shortening in CD8+ T-lymphocytes From Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Links Cytomegalovirus-Induced T Cell Response and Deterioration of Myocardial Function
Authors: Jedrzej Hoffmann, Tim Brümmendorf, Alexandra Aicher, Andreas M Zeiher, Stefanie M Dimmeler, Ioakim Spyridopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Shortening of mean telomere length (TL) in white blood cells is correlated with the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) as well as with increased mortality due to infectious disease. The goal of this study was to investigate whether TL shortening in CHD is restricted to specific peripheral blood lymphocyte and/or myeloid cell subpopulations. Results were correlated to TL in CD34+ hematopoietic peripheral blood stem and progenitor cells (PBPC) obtained from the same patients. TL was measured by Multicolor Flow-FISH in 12 leukocyte subpopulations following immunomagnetic bead sorting. We investigated TL in 14 young (mean age 25 years) and 13 old healthy male volunteers (65 years), as well as in 25 age-matched patients (65 years) suffering from CHD. We show that TL in granulocytes and monocytes mirrors TL of CD34+ PBPC extremely well (r=0.95; p&lt;0.0001), in patients as well as in healthy adults. TL was approximately 500 base pairs shorter in leukocytes from patients with CHD compared to their age-matched controls. This difference was identical for CD34+ PBPC, monocytes, granulocytes, B-lymphocytes and CD4+ T-cells. Surprisingly, only in cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL), we found a substantially increased TL deficit of 1000 bp (p&lt;0.001 vs. CD4+ cells) in CHD patients as opposed to controls. Further analysis revealed that TL shortening was particularly pronounced in CD8+CD28− T-cells obtained from cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive CHD patients, whereas such a difference was not observed in healthy CMV positive as opposed to CMV negative controls. Moreover, TL shortening of CD8+CD45RA+ T-cells from CMV seropositive patients correlated with the decrease of left ventricular function in CHD patients (r=0.635, p=0.001). In contrast, CMV seropositivity did not have any influence on TL in myeloid cells or PBPC. Conclusion: Our data suggest that TL shortening in CHD is inherited, thus affecting the baseline TL of all peripheral blood cell populations including PBPC. In addition, CMV seropositive patients exhibit further shortening of their CTLs. Surprisingly, telomere length shortening of CTLs in CMV seropositive individuals demonstrated a very strong correlation with cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a mechanistic link between CHD and immunosenescence.
解读《高血压防治基层实用规范》（七）
Authors: 左惠娟
Journal: BMJ (2005)

(上接2004年第6期第357页) 八、健康教育在社区高血压防治中的作用 1.健康教育的定义:健康教育是引导个人、家庭、单位、社区乃至全社会去实施更健康的生活方式,提高生活质量,并为此进行计划的设计、执行及评价.
Immature Platelet Fraction Predicts Outcome and Sepsis Development in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to a General Intensive Care Unit, but Not in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Doaa Okasha, Galit Sarig, Noam Benyamini, Ronit Tamir, Ofrat Beyar Katz, Lena Markuze, Marielle Kaplan, Yishai Ofran
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 1316: Enoxaparin Dosing in Elderly Patients Using Adjusted Body Weight
Authors: Stephen J Voyce, Frederick Leri, Salvatore Scialla, William Glavich
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background:  Therapeutic anti-Xa levels for enoxaparin (E) have been defined as 0.5–1.0 IU/mL. An increased hemmorhagic risk has been described at levels >1.5IU/mL. Current dosing recommendations for enoxaparin (E) do not account for age, gender, or creatinine clearance >30 ml/min. We have previously reported that a high number of elderly patients treated with standard dose E (1mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours) achieved suprathera-peutic Anti Xa levels. We compared a new E dosing strategy based on adjusted body weight (ABW) to these historical controls.   Methods:  We identified 50 consecutive patients greater than 65 years old (14 male, 36 female) admitted to our institution and treated with E for various clinical indications. Doses of E were calculated using ABW {ABW= (total body weight-ideal body weight)×0.4=ideal body weight}. Doses were rounded to the nearest 10mg. All patients had CrCl > 30mL/min. Blood samples for peak anti-Xa activity were obtained at steady state. Results were compared to patients receiving standard dose E   Results:  Subjects had a mean age of 76 ± 6 years, mean weight of 80 ± 18 kg, mean serum creatinine of 1.0 ± 0.2 mg/dL and a mean CrCl of 48 ± 8 mL/min. Thirty-three percent of patients were treated for atrial fibrillation ,27% for acute coronary syndrome, 20% for deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism ,10% for CVA and 10% for Bridge Therapy. The mean anti-Xa activity was 0.93 ± 0.23 IU/mL. The range of anti-Xa activity was 0.42–1.31 IU/mL. Female patients received an average dose of 80% of their actual body weight; males received 88%.   Conclusion:  Thus, E dosing in elderly patients using adjusted body weight resulted in a significantly higher percentage of patients with anti-Xa levels within the therapeutic range and no patient with Anti-Xa levels above 1.5 IU/dL. (ABW dosing of E in patients > 65 yo may improve hemmorhagic risk associated with supratherapeutic E levels).
Stent Thrombosis With Drug-Eluting Stents
Authors: Tullio Palmerini, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Diego Della Riva, Andrea Mariani, Philippe Genereux, Angelo Branzi, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

First-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), which impart the controlled release of sirolimus or paclitaxel from durable polymers to the vessel wall, have been consistently shown to reduce the risk of restenosis and target vessel revascularization compared with bare metal stents (BMS). However, stent thrombosis (ST) emerged as a major safety concern with first-generation DES early after their adoption in clinical practice, requiring prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy. Pathological studies have shown that first-generation DES are associated with delayed arterial healing and polymer hypersensitivity reactions resulting in chronic inflammation, predisposing to late and very late ST. Second-generation DES have been developed to overcome these issues with improved stent designs and construction and the use of biocompatible and bioabsorbable polymers. Meta-analyses have shown that the thin-strut, fluoropolymer-coated cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stent (CoCr-EES) may be associated with lower rates of definite ST than other DES and, unexpectedly, even lower than BMS. The thin-strut structure of the stent platform, the thromboresistant properties of the fluoropolymer, and the reduced polymer and drug load may contribute to the low rate of ST with CoCr-EES. The notion of DES being safer than BMS represents a paradigm shift in the evolution of percutaneous coronary intervention. The relative safety and efficacy of fluoropolymer-coated CoCr-EES, DES with bioabsorbable polymers, and fully bioresorbable scaffolds are the subject of numerous ongoing large-scale trials.
Abstract 16816: Plasma Vitamin D Metabolites and Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with Risk of Hypertension in Men
Authors: Lu Wang, Jing Ma, JoAnn E Manson, Julie E Buring, J. M Gaziano, Howard D Sesso
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Laboratory and clinical studies have suggested that inadequate vitamin D may be involved in development of hypertension. However, evidence from epidemiologic studies that support a relation between vitamin D metabolism and signaling pathways and risk of hypertension remains limited. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that plasma vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms, and their possible interaction are prospectively associated with risk of hypertension in adult men. Methods: We conducted analyses among 1207 men in the Physicians' Health Study who were free of hypertension at baseline and had baseline measurements of major vitamin D metabolites (including plasma 25hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D)) and VDR gene polymorphisms (including Bsm I and Fok I). During 15.3 years of follow-up, 697 out of the 1207 men developed incident hypertension. Results: After adjusting for age, race, exercise, smoking status, alcohol use, body mass index, and history of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, the multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of hypertension were 1.00 (reference), 0.96 (0.71-1.31), 0.71 (0.51-0.98), and 0.86 (0.62-1.18) across season-specific quartiles of 25(OH)D (p, trend: 0.53), and 1.00 (reference), 0.88 (0.63-1.21), 1.09 (0.80-1.50), and 1.17 (0.85-1.60) across quartiles of 1,25(OH) 2 D (p, trend: 0.15). Compared with the VDR Bsm I bb carriers, the HR of hypertension were 1.27 (1.04-1.55) for the bB carriers and 1.19 (0.90-1.56) for the BB carriers. The risk associated with the VDR Bsm I B allele carrier status was particularly strong among men who had 25(OH)D below the median levels (HR: 1.58, 0.98-2.55) but was weaker and not significant among men who had 25(OH)D above the median levels (HR: 1.21, 0.78-1.87) . There was no relation of the VDR Fok I polymorphism or its interaction with vitamin D metabolites with risk of hypertension. Conclusions: In a prospective cohort of US men, plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D but not 1,25(OH) 2 D were inversely associated with risk of hypertension. Men carrying the B allele of VDR Bsm I polymorphism had an increased risk of hypertension, particularly among those with low plasma 25(OH)D level.
Abstract 19369: High Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in HIV-Infected Patients With Normal Resting Ankle Brachial Index Reading.
Authors: Ashraf Qaqa, N Mohammad, A. Isbitan, V Debari, K El-Kersh, R Sison, J. Slim, G Perez, F Shamoon
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Atherosclerosis affects HIV-infected patients more severely and at younger ages. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is an important marker of atherosclerosis, which is commonly under d...
Abstract 4023: Aspirin “Resistance”: Role of Pre-existent Platelet Reactivity and Correlation Between Tests
Authors: Andrew L Frelinger, Youfu Li, Matthew D Linden, Inge Tarnow, Marc R Barnard, Marsha L Fox, Alan D Michelson
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Aspirin “resistance” (i.e. hyporesponsiveness to aspirin in a platelet function test) has been widely reported, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We examined the role of pre-existent platelet hyperreactivity in aspirin “resistance”. We also determined the correlation between aspirin resistance defined by serum thromboxane (TX) B 2 (the most specific test of aspirin’s effect) and other assays of platelet function. Methods: Platelet function measured before and after aspirin 81 mg daily for 7 days was analyzed by Spearman’s rank correlation. Normal subjects (n=165) were studied because virtually all clinically relevant patients are already taking aspirin. An additional advantage of the use of normal subjects is that the platelet response to stimuli is not influenced (with resultant increased scatter of the data) by an underlying disease, e.g. coronary artery disease, which causes platelet hyperreactivity. Results: The proportion of the post-aspirin platelet function predicted by the pre-aspirin platelet function was 28.3 ± 7.5% (mean ± asymptotic standard error) for serum TXB 2 , 39.3 ± 6.8% for urinary 11-dehydro TXB 2 , 4.4 ± 7.7% for arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, 40.4 ± 7.1% for ADP-induced platelet aggregation, 26.3 ± 9.2% for the VerifyNow Aspirin Assay®, and 45.0 ± 10.9% for the TEG® PlateletMapping ™ System with arachidonic acid. Spearman rank order correlations were highly significant for comparisons between assays when both pre-aspirin and post-aspirin results were included in the analysis. However, residual serum TXB 2 levels post-aspirin treatment were not significantly associated with post-treatment results of any of the other assays. Platelet count correlated with pre-aspirin serum TXB 2 and VerifyNow Aspirin Assay, but not with any post-aspirin platelet function test. Conclusions: Aspirin “resistance” (i.e. hyporesponsiveness to aspirin in a laboratory test) is in part unrelated to aspirin but is the result of underlying platelet hyperreactivity prior to the institution of aspirin therapy. Individuals identified as aspirin “resistant” defined by serum TXB 2 are not the same individuals identified by the other tests.
Abstract 2500: Impact of Hemoglobin Level on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Sudden Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Masaru Suzuki, Kei Hayashida, Akiko Shiroshita-Takeshita, Yukio Satoh, Shingo Hori, Ken Nagao
Journal: Circulation (2009)

OBJECTIVES: Hemoglobin (Hb) level is related to blood viscosity, oxygen delivery, nitric oxide availability, and oxygen radical scavenging capacity. Therefore, Hb may play a role on ischemia and re...
INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AS A SPECIALTY AND ITS RELATION TO GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: G. H. Gehrmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1940)

Article1 October 1940INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE AS A SPECIALTY AND ITS RELATION TO GENERAL PRACTICEG. H. GEHRMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.G. H. GEHRMANN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-4-621 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past 25 years the introduction of medical control methods into industry has experienced a more or less stormy course of events. Industry on one side has been rather reluctant to assume its responsibilities for the protection of its employees' health, and the medical profession in general has underestimated the potential possibilities for the development of a new field in preventive medicine, and has been more or less critical of those working with industry to promote the cause. Probably there has been a lack of understanding on the part of all concerned, which, if clarified, may lead to a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wilmington, Delaware*Read at the Cleveland meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 4, 1940. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1940Volume 14, Issue 4Page: 621-627KeywordsPrevention, policy, and public healthPreventive medicinePrimary care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1940 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1978: Multidimensional Factors Associated with Fatigue in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Amy L Valderrama, Kathy P Parker, Jonathan J Langberg, Sandra B Dunbar
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity, symptom burden, and decreased quality of life. Little research has focused on symptoms of AF, particularly fatigue a...