tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Commentary on: core decompression combined with platelet-rich plasma-augmented bone grafting for femur head necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baisheng Ye, Wei Li, Shilong Meng, Xiaolin Shi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aThe Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China bDepartment of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 318 Chaowang Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310005, Email: [email protected] (X. Shi). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Comment on ‘comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in reducing psychological symptoms among patients with chronic low back pain’
Authors: Yanwei You, Yuquan Chen, Alimjan Ablitip, Xindong Ma
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

You, Yanwei PhD; Chen, Yuquan PhD; Ablitip, Alimjan MD; Ma, Xindong PhD Author Information
Risk factors of transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Ning, Yongchao Yu, Xinyi Zheng, Zhenyu Luo, Zan Jiao, Xinyu Liu, Yiyao Wang, Yarong Liang, Zhuoqi Zhang, Xianglin Ye, Weirui Wu, Jian Bu, Qiaorong Chen, Fuxiang Cheng, Lizhen Liu, Mingjie Jiang, Ankui Yang, Tong Wu, Zhongyuan Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a common complication following thyroid surgery. However, current research findings on the risk factors for post-thyroid surgery hypoPT are not entirely consistent, and the same risk factors may have different impacts on transient and permanent hypoPT. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study to summarize and explore the risk factors for both transient and permanent hypoPT after thyroid surgery.
Comparative investigation of neoadjuvant immunotherapy versus adjuvant immunotherapy in perioperative patients with cancer: a global-scale, cross-sectional, large-sample informatics study
Authors: Song-Bin Guo, Le-Sheng Hu, Wei-Juan Huang, Zhen-Zhong Zhou, Hui-Yan Luo, Xiao-Peng Tian
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant immunotherapies for cancer have evolved through a series of remarkable and critical research advances; however, addressing their similarities and differences is imperative in clinical practice. Therefore, this study aimed to examine their similarities and differences from the perspective of informatics analysis.
The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy following laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a multicenter Real-world clinical study
Authors: Yu-Qin Sun, Qing Zhong, Chen-Bin Lv, Ji-Yun Zhu, Guang-Tan Lin, Zhi-Quan Zhang, Dong Wu, Cai-Ming Weng, Qiu-Xian Chen, Ming-Qiao Lian, Wei-Ming Zeng, Yong-Bin Zhang, Qi-Yue Chen, Jian-Xian Lin, Jian-Wei Xie, Ping Li, Chao-Hui Zheng, Jun Lu, Li-Sheng Cai, Chang-Ming Huang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) for locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) remain controversial.
Renal cell carcinoma histologic subtypes exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles
Authors: Pedro Barata, Shuchi Gulati, Andrew Elliott, Hans J. Hammers, Earle Burgess, Benjamin A. Gartrell, Sourat Darabi, Mehmet A. Bilen, Arnab Basu, Daniel M. Geynisman, Nancy A. Dawson, Matthew R. Zibelman, Tian Zhang, Shuanzeng Wei, Charles J. Ryan, Elisabeth I. Heath, Kelsey A. Poorman, Chadi Nabhan, Rana R. McKay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Molecular profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors of patients in a clinical trial has identified distinct transcriptomic signatures with predictive value, yet data in non-clear cell variants (nccRCC) are lacking. We examined the transcriptional profiles of RCC tumors representing key molecular pathways, from a multi-institutional, real-world patient cohort, including ccRCC and centrally reviewed nccRCC samples. ccRCC had increased angiogenesis signature scores compared with the heterogeneous group of nccRCC tumors, while cell cycle, fatty acid oxidation/AMPK signaling, and fatty acid synthesis/pentose phosphate signature scores were increased in one or more nccRCC subtypes. Among both ccRCC and nccRCC tumors, T effector scores statistically correlated with increased immune cell infiltration and were more commonly associated with immunotherapy-related markers (PD-L1+/TMBhi/MSIhi). In conclusion, this study provides evidence of differential gene transcriptional profiles among ccRCC versus nccRCC tumors, providing insights for optimizing personalized and histology-specific therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced RCC.
Prothrombotic autoantibodies targeting platelet factor 4/polyanion are associated with pediatric cerebral malaria
Authors: Iset M. Vera, Anne Kessler, Visopo Harawa, Ajisa Ahmadu, Thomas E. Keller, Stephen T.J. Ray, Terrie E. Taylor, Stephen J. Rogerson, Wilson L. Mandala, Morayma Reyes Gil, Karl B. Seydel, Kami Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

BACKGROUNDFeatures of consumptive coagulopathy and thromboinflammation are prominent in cerebral malaria (CM). We hypothesized that thrombogenic autoantibodies contribute to a procoagulant state in CM.METHODSPlasma from children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) (n = 124) and CM (n = 136) was analyzed by ELISA for a panel of 8 autoantibodies including anti-platelet factor 4/polyanion (anti-PF4/P), anti-phospholipid, anti-phosphatidylserine, anti-myeloperoxidase, anti-proteinase 3, anti-dsDNA, anti-β-2-glycoprotein I, and anti-cardiolipin. Plasma samples from individuals with nonmalarial coma (NMC) (n = 49) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 56) were assayed for comparison. Associations with clinical and immune biomarkers were determined using univariate and logistic regression analyses.RESULTSMedian anti-PF4/P and anti-PS IgG levels were elevated in individuals with malaria infection relative to levels in HCs (P < 0.001) and patients with NMC (PF4/P: P < 0.001). Anti-PF4/P IgG levels were elevated in children with CM (median = 0.27, IQR: 0.19-0.41) compared with those with UM (median = 0.19, IQR: 0.14-0.22, P < 0.0001). Anti-PS IgG levels did not differ between patients with UM and those with CM (P = 0.39). When patients with CM were stratified by malaria retinopathy (Ret) status, the levels of anti-PF4/P IgG correlated negatively with the peripheral platelet count in patients with Ret+ CM (Spearman's rho [Rs] = 0.201, P = 0.04) and associated positively with mortality (OR = 15.2, 95% CI: 1.02-275, P = 0.048). Plasma from patients with CM induced greater platelet activation in an ex vivo assay relative to plasma from patients with UM (P = 0.02), and the observed platelet activation was associated with anti-PF4/P IgG levels (Rs= 0.293, P = 0.035).CONCLUSIONSThrombosis mediated by elevated anti-PF4/P autoantibodies may be one mechanism contributing to the clinical complications of CM.
Sedentary behavior in mice induces metabolic inflexibility by suppressing skeletal muscle pyruvate metabolism
Authors: Piyarat Siripoksup, Guoshen Cao, Ahmad A. Cluntun, J. Alan Maschek, Quentinn Pearce, Marisa J. Brothwell, Mi-Young Jeong, Hiroaki Eshima, Patrick J. Ferrara, Precious C. Opurum, Ziad S. Mahmassani, Alek D. Peterlin, Shinya Watanabe, Maureen A. Walsh, Eric B. Taylor, James E. Cox, Micah J. Drummond, Jared Rutter, Katsuhiko Funai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Carbohydrates and lipids provide the majority of substrates to fuel mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Metabolic inflexibility, defined as an impaired ability to switch between these fuels, is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases. Here, we explore the mechanism by which physical inactivity promotes metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle. We developed a mouse model of sedentariness, small mouse cage (SMC), that, unlike other classic models of disuse in mice, faithfully recapitulated metabolic responses that occur in humans. Bioenergetic phenotyping of skeletal muscle mitochondria displayed metabolic inflexibility induced by physical inactivity, demonstrated by a reduction in pyruvate-stimulated respiration (JO2) in the absence of a change in palmitate-stimulated JO2. Pyruvate resistance in these mitochondria was likely driven by a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) abundance in the mitochondrial membrane. Reduction in mitochondrial PE by heterozygous deletion of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) was sufficient to induce metabolic inflexibility measured at the whole-body level, as well as at the level of skeletal muscle mitochondria. Low mitochondrial PE in C2C12 myotubes was sufficient to increase glucose flux toward lactate. We further implicate that resistance to pyruvate metabolism is due to attenuated mitochondrial entry via mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). These findings suggest a mechanism by which mitochondrial PE directly regulates MPC activity to modulate metabolic flexibility in mice.
Ultrasound-based steatosis grading system using 2D-attenuation imaging: An individual patient data meta-analysis with external validation
Authors: Christian Hobeika, Maxime Ronot, Boris Guiu, Giovanna Ferraioli, Hiroko Iijima, Toshifumi Tada, Dong Ho Lee, Hidekatsu Kuroda, Young Hwan Lee, Jeong Min Lee, So Yeon Kim, Christophe Cassinotto, Laura Maiocchi, Ambra Raimondi, Takashi Nishimura, Takashi Kumada, Eun Young Kwon, Jong Keon Jang, Jean-Michel Correas, Dominique Valla, Valérie Vilgrain, Marco Dioguardi Burgio
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Noninvasive tools assessing steatosis, such as ultrasonography-based 2D-attenuation imaging (ATI), are needed to tackle the worldwide burden of steatotic liver disease. This one-stage individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis aimed to create an ATI-based steatosis grading system. Approach and Results: A systematic review (EMBASE + MEDLINE, 2018–2022) identified studies, including patients with histologically or magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF)–verified ATI for grading steatosis (S0 to S3). One-stage IPD meta-analyses were conducted using generalized mixed models with a random study-specific intercept. Created ATI-based steatosis grading system (aS0 to aS3) was externally validated on a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (n=174, histologically and MRI-PDFF–verified steatosis). Eleven enrolled studies included 1374 patients, classified into S0, S1, S2, and S3 in 45.4%, 35.0%, 9.3%, and 10.3% of the cases. ATI was correlated with histological steatosis ( r = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.67; p &lt; 0.001) and MRI-PDFF ( r = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.73; p &lt; 0.001) but not with liver stiffness ( r = 0.03; 95% CI: −0.04, 0.11, p = 0.343). Steatosis grade was an independent factor associated with ATI (coefficient: 0.24; 95% CI: [0.22, 0.26]; p &lt; 0.001). ATI marginal means within S0, S1, S2, and S3 subpopulations were 0.59 (95% CI: [0.58, 0.61]), 0.69 (95% CI [0.67, 0.71]), 0.78 (95% CI: [0.76, 0.81]), and 0.85 (95% CI: [0.83, 0.88]) dB/cm/MHz; all contrasts between grades were significant ( p &lt; 0.0001). Three ATI thresholds were calibrated to create a new ATI-based steatosis grading system (aS0 to aS3, cutoffs: 0.66, 0.73, and 0.81 dB/cm/MHz). Its external validation showed Obuchowski measures of 0.84 ± 0.02 and 0.82 ± 0.02 with histologically based and MRI-PDFF–based references. Conclusions: ATI is a reliable, noninvasive marker of steatosis. This validated ATI-based steatosis grading system could be valuable in assessing patients with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease.
JFH1-based Core-NS2 genotype variants of HCV with genetic stability in vivo and in vitro: Important tools in the evaluation of virus neutralization
Authors: Laura Collignon, Kenn Holmbeck, Ashley Just, Lieven Verhoye, Rodrigo Velázquez-Moctezuma, Ulrik Fahnøe, Thomas H. R. Carlsen, Mansun Law, Jannick Prentoe, Troels K. H. Scheel, Judith M. Gottwein, Philip Meuleman, Jens Bukh
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

HCV infection continues to be a major global health burden despite effective antiviral treatments. The urgent need for a protective vaccine is hindered by the scarcity of suitable HCV-permissive animal models tractable in vaccination and challenge studies. Currently, only antibody neutralization studies in infectious cell culture systems or studies of protection by passive immunization of human liver chimeric mice offer the possibility to evaluate the effect of vaccine-induced antibodies. However, differences between culture-permissive and in vivo-permissive viruses make it a challenge to compare analyses between platforms. To address this problem, we aimed at developing genotype-specific virus variants with genetic stability both in vitro and in vivo.
PNPLA3 rs738409, age, diabetes, sex, and advanced fibrosis jointly contribute to the risk of major adverse liver outcomes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Naga Chalasani, Eduardo Vilar-Gomez, Rohit Loomba, Katherine P. Yates, Anna Mae Diehl, Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri, Srinivasan Dasarathy, Kris V. Kowdley, Norah Terrault, Laura A. Wilson, James Tonascia, Arun J. Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 ( PNPLA3 ) rs738409 variant is associated with steatotic liver disease and its progression. We examined the association between PNPLA3 and the development of major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) and how nonmodifiable and modifiable conditions modify this relationship.
Optimization of hepatological clinical guidelines interpretation by large language models: a retrieval augmented generation-based framework
Authors: Simone Kresevic, Mauro Giuffrè, Milos Ajcevic, Agostino Accardo, Lory S. Crocè, Dennis L. Shung
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Large language models (LLMs) can potentially transform healthcare, particularly in providing the right information to the right provider at the right time in the hospital workflow. This study investigates the integration of LLMs into healthcare, specifically focusing on improving clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) through accurate interpretation of medical guidelines for chronic Hepatitis C Virus infection management. Utilizing OpenAI’s GPT-4 Turbo model, we developed a customized LLM framework that incorporates retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and prompt engineering. Our framework involved guideline conversion into the best-structured format that can be efficiently processed by LLMs to provide the most accurate output. An ablation study was conducted to evaluate the impact of different formatting and learning strategies on the LLM’s answer generation accuracy. The baseline GPT-4 Turbo model’s performance was compared against five experimental setups with increasing levels of complexity: inclusion of in-context guidelines, guideline reformatting, and implementation of few-shot learning. Our primary outcome was the qualitative assessment of accuracy based on expert review, while secondary outcomes included the quantitative measurement of similarity of LLM-generated responses to expert-provided answers using text-similarity scores. The results showed a significant improvement in accuracy from 43 to 99% ( p &lt; 0.001), when guidelines were provided as context in a coherent corpus of text and non-text sources were converted into text. In addition, few-shot learning did not seem to improve overall accuracy. The study highlights that structured guideline reformatting and advanced prompt engineering (data quality vs. data quantity) can enhance the efficacy of LLM integrations to CDSSs for guideline delivery.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.
Authors: Varsha Godakhindi, Mubin Tarannum, Sudip Kumar Dam, Juan L. Vivero‐Escoto
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy recently transforms the traditional approaches against various cancer malignancies. Immunotherapy includes systemic and local treatments to enhance immune responses against cancer and involves strategies such as immune checkpoints, cancer vaccines, immune modulatory agents, mimetic antigen‐presenting cells, and adoptive cell therapy. Despite promising results, these approaches still suffer from several limitations including lack of precise delivery of immune‐modulatory agents to the target cells and off‐target toxicity, among others, that can be overcome using nanotechnology. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are investigated to improve various aspects of cancer immunotherapy attributed to the advantageous structural features of this nanomaterial. MSNs can be engineered to alter their properties such as size, shape, porosity, surface functionality, and adjuvanticity. This review explores the immunological properties of MSNs and the use of MSNs as delivery vehicles for immune‐adjuvants, vaccines, and mimetic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). The review also details the current strategies to remodel the tumor microenvironment to positively reciprocate toward the anti‐tumor immune cells and the use of MSNs for immunotherapy in combination with other anti‐tumor therapies including photodynamic/thermal therapies to enhance the therapeutic effect against cancer. Last, the present demands and future scenarios for the use of MSNs for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Comparative analysis of the minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles guidelines: Advancements and implications for extracellular vesicle research
Authors: Elisavet Maria Vaiaki, Marco Falasca
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2024)

In 2014, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) introduced the Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines to establish standards for extracellular vesicle (EV) research. These guidelines aimed to enhance reliability and reproducibility, addressing the expanding field of EV science. EVs, membrane-bound particles released by cells, play crucial roles in intercellular communication and are potential biomarkers for various conditions. Over the years, the EV landscape witnessed a surge in publications, emphasizing their roles in cancer and immune modulation. In response, the MISEV guidelines underwent evolution, leading to the MISEV2018 update. This version, generated through community outreach, provided a comprehensive framework for EV research methodologies, emphasizing separation, characterization, reporting standards, and community engagement. The MISEV2018 guidelines reflected responsiveness to feedback, acknowledging the evolving EV research landscape. The guidelines served as a testament to the commitment of the scientific community to rigorous standards and the collective discernment of experts. The present article compares previous MISEV guidelines with its 2023 counterpart, highlighting advancements, changes, and impacts on EV research standardization. The 2023 guidelines build upon the 2018 principles, offering new recommendations for emerging areas. This comparative exploration contributes to understanding the transformative journey in EV research, emphasizing MISEV's pivotal role and the scientific community's adaptability to challenges.
The gut microbiome associates with phenotypic manifestations of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Qi Su, Raphaela I. Lau, Qin Liu, Moses K.T. Li, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Wenqi Lu, Ivan S.F. Lau, Louis H.S. Lau, Giann T.Y. Yeung, Chun Pan Cheung, Whitney Tang, Chengyu Liu, Jessica Y.L. Ching, Pui Kuan Cheong, Francis K.L. Chan, Siew C. Ng
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Photo-documentation during upper GI endoscopy in Letterkenny University Hospital, to compare with European Society of Gastrointestinal (ESG) endoscopy recommendation
Authors: M. Jeffrey, D. Toye, R. Fitzsimons, O. Gokhun, C. Emmett, A. C. Jonathan, S. O'leary, K. Van Der Merwe, V. Parihar
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letterkenny University Hospital, serving as the primary endoscopy center in Donegal, Republic of Ireland, plays a crucial role in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders. This audit is conducted to determine the extent to which the endoscopy service at Letterkenny University Hospital adheres to the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline's recommendations on photodocumentation. Compliance with these guidelines ensures standardized protocols, increased diagnostic yield, support in medicolegal cases, improved communication among healthcare practitioners, and the reduction of unnecessary images.
A phase-separated protein hub modulates resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat
Authors: Yi He, Xiujuan Yang, Xiaobo Xia, Yuhua Wang, Yifan Dong, Lei Wu, Peng Jiang, Xu Zhang, Cong Jiang, Hongxiang Ma, Wujun Ma, Cong Liu, Ryan Whitford, Matthew R. Tucker, Zhengguang Zhang, Gang Li
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Eliakim score performance among patients with active Crohn’s disease
Authors: O. Ukashi, A. Lahat, B. Ungar, H. Levy, P. Eidler, S. Ben-Horin, R. Eliakim, U. Kopylov
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Aims Pan-enteric capsule endoscopy [PEC] (PillCam Crohn's, Medtronic, USA) is a useful tool for disease assessment and monitoring in Crohn's disease (CD). We have previously demonstrated the reliability and accuracy of Eliakim score (ES) in the assessment of CD-activity among patients with quiescent disease. We aimed to examine the performance of ES among patients who experienced clinical flare, as well as its responsiveness and sensitivity to change during follow-up.
Practice Patterns of Polyp Assessment During Colonoscopy: An International Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: S. S. Al Ghamdi, J. Ghaith
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Aims Colonoscopy has been established as the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis, with its capacity to detect and remove precancerous polyps. However, there remains substantial variability in the assessment of polyps during colonoscopy, particularly within the Gulf region, where limited data exist regarding evidence-based guidelines for polyp detection, assessment, and management. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the practice patterns of endoscopists regarding polyp evaluation during colonoscopy. The secondary aims are to identify factors that influence endoscopist's polyp assessment and endoscopic tattoo practices.
Real-time polyp size measurement during colonoscopy using a virtual scale: variability and systematic differences
Authors: Q.N. E. van Bokhorst, B.B.S. L. Houwen, Y. Hazewinkel, M. Van Der Vlugt, H. Beaumont, J. Grootjans, A. Van Tilburg, M.P. M. Adriaanse, B.A. J. Bastiaansen, Y. H. Van Beurden, M.E. S. Bronzwaer, B.W. E. Hens, L. M. Hubers, G. M. Kramer, S. J. Lekkerkerker, B. Meijer, F. A. Ponds, D. Ramsoekh, P. Fockens, P.M. M. Bossuyt, E. Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Aims Colorectal polyp size is important for risk stratification and clinical decision-making regarding polypectomy technique and surveillance intervals. However, polyp size measurement is known to be prone to inter-observer variability and a standardized measurement method is lacking. Recently, a virtual scale (VS) function has been developed that facilitates polyp size measurement through the projection of a virtual measurement scale on the monitor screen during live endoscopy. This study aimed to compare VS measurements to other measurement methods in terms of variability and systematic differences. Moreover, clinical feasibility of the VS was evaluated in terms of measurement success rate and duration.