Knowledge and Use of Menthol-Mimicking Cigarettes Among Adults in the US
Authors: Kelvin Choi, Kristen R. Hamilton-Moseley, Lilianna Phan, Ayesha Azeem, Bambi Jewett, Kasra Zarei, Kiana Hacker
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Cigarette companies have been introducing synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes into the US marketplace as menthol cigarette bans are implemented. These cigarettes may reduce the public health benefits of menthol cigarette bans. Objective To examine the epidemiology of the use of synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes among adults in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional survey study of adults in the US (≥21 years) with oversampling of Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, Black or African American, and Hispanic or Latino peoples was conducted from March to May 2024. Participants were recruited from an online panel using a sample-matching approach to achieve national representation. Data were weighted to be nationally representative. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the population characteristics. Weighted prevalence of awareness of, ever use (among those aware), current use (among ever used), susceptibility (among noncurrent use), and likely to switch to synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes were estimated overall and by covariate. Sequential weighted logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between covariates and synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking–related outcomes (awareness, ever use, current use, susceptibility). Statistical analysis was performed from July to September 2024. Exposures Demographics, state menthol cigarette ban, cigarette smoking, and disclosure of synthetic cooling agent. Main Outcomes and Measures Awareness of, susceptibility to, ever and currently using synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes and intention to switch to these cigarettes if a nationwide menthol cigarette ban were enacted. Results The study population included 3200 US adults (47.4% men; 0.8% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.9% Asian, 12.0% Black or African American, 16.0% Hispanic or Latino, 63.6% White, and 1.9% other race; 34.8% with a college degree; and 36.7% with annual household income of ≥$75 000). Overall, 29.1% (95% CI, 27.0%-31.1%) of US adults were aware of synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes, 36.9% (95% CI, 33.1%-40.8%) of those aware ever used these cigarettes, 24.7% (95% CI, 20.1%-29.3%) of those who ever used reported currently using these cigarettes, and 37.5% (95% CI, 33.4%-41.6%) of those not currently using were susceptible to using them. Black or African American (vs White), men (vs women), adults aged 60 years or younger (vs adults aged ≥61 years), adults who used menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes (vs adults who did not smoke cigarettes), and those who lived in states with a menthol cigarette ban (vs those who lived in states with no ban) had higher odds of awareness, ever use, current use, and/or susceptibility to these cigarettes. Considering a national menthol cigarette ban, 50.8% (95% CI, 42.8%-58.7%) of adults who smoked menthol cigarettes and were aware of menthol-mimicking cigarettes with a synthetic cooling agent reported likely to switch to these cigarettes. Ever using these cigarettes was associated with the likelihood of switching (adjusted odds ratio, 2.61 [95% CI, 1.20-5.68]). Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study of US adults, a substantial proportion were aware of and had already experimented with synthetic cooling agent menthol-mimicking cigarettes. These products may serve as a substitute for menthol cigarettes and reduce the public health benefits of a menthol cigarette ban in promoting smoking cessation.