tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4906: Systemic Nrf2 Expression Enhances Atherosclerosis Partially by Effects on Plasma Lipoproteins
Authors: Berenice Barajas, Ke Wei Gong, Luz D Orozco, Xuping Wang, Larry Castellani, Karen Reue, Aldons J Lusis, Jesus A Araujo
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background : Nrf2 has been shown to be an important transcription factor and “master” orchestrator of the cellular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory response by regulating the expression of a variety of antioxidant genes such as Heme oxygenase 1, superoxide dismutase, catalase among many others. We have previously developed Nrf2 KO mice on the apoE null background to assess the role of Nrf2 on atherogenesis, resulting in Nrf2 homozygous (KO), heterozygous (HET) and wild-type (WT) littermates. Unexpectedly, we found that 14-week-old chow-fed KO males exhibited 47% and 53% lower lesions than HET and WT mice respectively, in agreement with a recently published report. The purpose of this work was to determine mechanisms that could explain Nrf2 proatherogenic effects. Methods: Male and female mice from all three genotypes underwent retroorbital bleeding at 14 weeks of age. Plasma lipoproteins were determined by enzymatic methods. Expression of lipid metabolic genes was assessed in the liver by qPCR. Atherosclerotic lesions were scored in the aortic root as μ m 2 /section. Results: KO mice exhibited markedly decreased levels of plasma total cholesterol at the expense of the non-HDL fractions, decreased free fatty acids, unesterified cholesterol and glucose in a manner akin to the aortic atherosclerotic outcomes and in a sex-dependent fashion. Atherosclerotic lesion scores correlated positively with plasma total cholesterol levels in males (r = 0.47, p = 0.008) but not in females (r = −0.005, p = 0.98). These metabolic effects could be partially explained by the regulation of hepatic genes involved in lipogenesis. We found that as compared with WT controls, KO male livers displayed significant reduction (p &lt; 0.05) in the mRNA levels of Me1 (malic enzyme 1), lipin1 and trends toward decreased levels of fatty acyl synthase (FAS), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), diacylglycerol acyl transferase (DGAT1) and HMG-CoA reductase. In addition, hepatic Me1 levels in male mice correlated positively with the levels of total plasma cholesterol levels (r = 0.43, p = 0.02) and free fatty acids (r = 0.54, p = 0.003). Conclusions: Nrf2 expression promotes atherosclerosis partly by effects on plasma lipoproteins, likely associated with increased hepatic lipogenesis.
Functional neuroanatomy of CCK4-induced anxiety in normal healthy volunteers
Authors: C Benkelfat, J Bradwejn, E Meyer, M Ellenbogen, S Milot, A Gjedde, A Evans
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

The authors tested the prediction of temporal cortex activation during experimentally induced anxiety by using positron emission tomography and the [15O]H2O bolus-subtraction method to determine regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in normal volunteers challenged with a bolus injection of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK4).Eight right-handed healthy subjects (five male, three female; mean age, 26.4 years) underwent four 60-second [15O]H2O scans separated by 15-minute intervals; each scan followed an intravenous bolus injection of either saline (placebo) or CCK4 (50 micrograms). Each subject received CCK4 once, as the first or second bolus, in a random-order, placebo-controlled, double-blind fashion. Two of the three placebo conditions were nominally identical, and the remaining placebo was used to control for anticipatory anxiety. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for subsequent anatomical correlation of blood flow changes.CCK4, but not placebo, elicited a marked anxiogenic response, reflected by robust increases in subjective anxiety ratings and heart rate. CCK4-induced anxiety was associated with 1) robust and bilateral increases in extracerebral blood flow in the vicinity of the superficial temporal artery territory and 2) CBF increases in the anterior cingulate gyrus, the claustrum-insular-amygdala region, and the cerebellar vermis.Some of the temporopolar cortex CBF activation peaks previously reported in humans in association with drug- and non-drug-induced anxiety, as well as the increase in regional CBF in the claustrum-insular-amygdala region, may be of vascular and/or muscular origin.
Serotonin function and treatment response to clozapine in schizophrenic patients
Authors: R S Kahn, M Davidson, L Siever, S Gabriel, S Apter, K L Davis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

Clozapine is the only compound proven to be effective in the 20% of schizophrenic patients refractory to treatment with conventional neuroleptics. Although its mechanism of action has not been elucidated, clozapine appears, in contrast to most conventional neuroleptics, to be a potent serotonin (5-HT) antagonist. This study hypothesized that 5-HT function is increased in patients who benefit from clozapine treatment relative to patients who fail to improve on it.The 5-HT receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine (MCPP) was used as a probe to examine 5-HT function. MCPP (0.35 mg/kg p.o.) was administered in a placebo-controlled design after a 3-week drug-free period to 19 schizophrenic patients. ACTH, prolactin, body temperature, behavior, and MCPP blood level were measured. Patients were then treated with a conventional neuroleptic, and, having failed to respond to it, were treated with clozapine for 5 weeks (up to 600 mg/day).Patients who responded to clozapine had significantly higher ACTH responses to MCPP during the drug-free state than the patients who failed to benefit from clozapine. Moreover, the degree of improvement with clozapine, particularly the improvement in psychotic symptoms, was strongly correlated with the magnitude of MCPP-induced ACTH release. Other MCPP-induced responses and MCPP blood level were similar for the two groups and did not correlate with the degree of symptomatic improvement with clozapine.Results of this study suggest that MCPP-induced ACTH release, and by inference 5-HT receptor function, may be increased in patients who benefit from treatment with clozapine relative to patients who fail to improve on this drug.
The Science of Cosmetics
Authors: John V. Simmons
Journal: BMJ (1940)

Weighing and measuring in laboratory and salon an introduction to chemistry atoms, molecules and ions organic compounds in cosmetics water cosmetics and toiletries as mixtures surface activity emulsions and detergency detergents and emulsifiers skin a clean face products for bath and shower skin care - the problems skin care cosmetics decorative cosmetics sunshine, suntan, sunburn the hands, the feet, the nails hair hair care hair waxing and hair colouring unwanted hair the teeth and oral hygiene perfumery the development and testing of cosmetic products packaging cosmetics and toiletries.
The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics
Authors: De Navarre, G Maison
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glaucoma--1: Diagnosis
Authors: P T Khaw
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The glaucomas are a range of disorders with a characteristic type of optic nerve damage. The glaucomas are the second commonest cause of blindness in the world, and the commonest cause of irreversible blindness. The most effective way of preventing this damage is to lower the intraocular pressure.

Normally, the ciliary body secretes aqueous, which flows into the posterior chamber and through the pupil into the anterior chamber. It leaves the eye through the trabecular meshwork, flowing into Schlemm's canal and into episcleral veins. The flow and drainage can be obstructed in several ways.

### Raised intraocular pressure

The intraocular pressure is determined by the balance between aqueous production inside the eye and aqueous drainage out of the eye through the trabecular meshwork. Each normal eye makes about 2 μl of aqueous a minute—that is, about 70 l during the course of a lifetime. Normal intraocular pressure is 10-21 mm Hg, but it can drop as low as 0 mm Hg in hypotony and can exceed 70 mm Hg in some glaucomas.

The rate at which raised intraocular pressure causes optic nerve damage depends on many factors, including the pressure and whether glaucomatous damage is early or advanced. In general, pressures of 20-30 mm Hg usually cause damage over several years, but pressures of 40-50 mm Hg can cause rapid visual loss and also precipitate retinovascular occlusion.

### Haloes around lights and cloudy cornea

The cornea is kept transparent by the continuous removal of fluid by the endothelial cells. When the pressure rises quickly (acute closed angle glaucoma), the cornea becomes waterlogged, causing a fall in visual acuity and creating haloes around lights (like looking at a light through frosted glass).

### Pain

If the rise in pressure is slow, pain is not a feature of glaucoma until the pressure is extremely high. Pain is …
Alcohol and the Human Body. An Introduction to the Study of the Subject.
Authors: Victor Horsley, Macmillan, Co., Arthur Newsholme
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxyphil Cell Parathyroid Adenomas Causing Primary Hyperparathyroidism: a Clinico-Pathological Correlation
Authors: Pamela Howson, Schelto Kruijff, Ahmad Aniss, Thomas Pennington, Anthony J. Gill, Tristan Dodds, Leigh W. Delbridge, Stan B. Sidhu, Mark S. Sywak
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2015)
Matrix rigidity regulates the transition of tumor cells to a bone-destructive phenotype through integrin β3 and TGF-β receptor type II
Authors: Jonathan M. Page, Alyssa R. Merkel, Nazanin S. Ruppender, Ruijing Guo, Ushashi C. Dadwal, Shellese A. Cannonier, Sandip Basu, Scott A. Guelcher, Julie A. Sterling
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Abstract 16450: Left Ventricular Coronary-Cameral Fistulae in the Mitral Stenosis-Aortic Atresia Variant of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Are Associated With Poor Outcomes
Authors: Mark A Scheurer, Diego Porras, Rahul H Rathod, Sitaram M Emani, Frank A Pigula, James E Lock, Audrey C Marshall
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Neonates with the mitral stenosis aortic atresia (MSAA) subtype of hypoplastic left heart syndrome have increased hospital and interstage mortality after stage one palliation (S1P). In ...
Cardiac changes on MRI and SPECT after definitive radiotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: P. A. Lind, T. Larsson, A. Lideståhl, L. Thoren, A. Ågren-Cronqvist, A. T. Nygren, O. Brodin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

17059 Background: To determine if lung cancer irradiation (RT) induces myocardial damage. Methods: Patients undergoing definitive RT with &gt; 10% incidental cardiac RT (&gt;30 Gy) were evaluated pre-RT and at 2 and 6 mos post-RT FUs. They underwent gadolinium enhanced cardiac MRI and rest-SPECT. The mean cardiac (MCD) and left ventricular (MLVD) doses were calculated on the dose planning CT. Data on confounding factors, e.g. diabetes, smoking, and levels of TGF-B, plasma glucose/fats were collected. The MRIs were analyzed for reductions in stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass (LVM), and for visual signs of myocardial fibrosis/damage. The severity of SPECT-changes were analyzed with the semiquantitative summed rest score (SRS)-method (16-segments) and the extent was further quantified with the Bull’s-eye-view technique as volume-% (cutoff level for 1.5 SD below the mean). The Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test was used to study changes in repeated measurements. To test variable relation the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was calculated. Results: Presently, 13/30 patients are evaluated after their first FU. There was a limited decrease in LVM at first FU compared to pre-RT (median change: −6 g; P = 0.02), but no changes in SV or EF. The correlation coefficient for MCD (range: 2–32 Gy) (MLVD: 1–36 Gy) and MRI-reductions in SV, EF, and LVM at 2 mos were −0.46 (−0.27), −0.22 (−0.1), −0.30 (−0.12), respectively (P-values &gt; 0.05). On rest-SPECT, a clinically significant SRS-increase was evident in one patient (SRS: +13; extent of defect 19%) at 2 mos. A new, extra cardial mass was, however, evident in this patient which would cause attenuation. No myocardial fibrosis/damage was detected on visual inspection of the MRIs. There was no increase in S-troponin levels at the first FU. Conclusions: At this stage of our study, no cardiac changes were evident following lung RT. This contrasts against studies in breast cancer RT were SPECT-defects corresponding to the tangential beams have been reported. RT-induced chest wall damage could in our series explain new SPECT-defects in one patient, who had no structural changes on MRI. Our entire cohort should be evaluated after both planned post-RT FUs before definitive conclusions can be drawn concerning cardiac damage and lung cancer RT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Soul and the Pneuma in the Function of the Nervous System after Galen
Authors: C E Quin
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1994)

Galen's teaching on anatomy and physiology was generally accepted in the Middle Ages and this applies to the part he thought was played by the pneuma in the functions of the body. In this essay I have outlined the advances made after Galen in the study of the nervous system leading eventually to a time when the soul and the pneuma were no longer thought necessary for the proper functioning of the brain and nerves.
The Behavior of Young Children.
Authors: Ethel Bushnell Waring, Marguerite Wilker, Patty Smith Hill
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 885: Arginase Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertension in Obesity
Authors: William Durante, Fruzsina K Johnson, Robert A Johnson, Mohammed A Azam, Kelly J Peyton
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) resulting from impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthesis is a salient feature in obesity and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Recently, we reported that arginase, which metabolizes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea, competes with endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) for substrate, L-arginine, and triggers ED in salt-sensitive hypertension. This study tests the hypothesis that arginase contributes to ED and hypertension by limiting L-arginine availability in obese Zucker rats (ZR), which are a well-established genetic model of obesity. Male obese (516 ± 8g) ZR display a significant increase in plasma (5.2 ± 0.3-fold) and vascular (57.6 ± 6.1%) arginase activity that is associated with a selective 2.2 ± 0.1-fold rise in vascular arginase I protein expression compared to age-and sex-matched lean (344 ± 8g) ZR. In contrast, arginase II and eNOS protein levels are unchanged in obese ZR. In obese ZR, the vasodilation of isolated, first-order gracilis muscle arterioles to acetylcholine (Δ max lean: 62 ± 7 vs obese 32 ± 4 μm) and luminal flow (Δ max lean: 22 ± 2 vs obese −3 ± 2 μm) are significantly impaired. However, acute in vitro pretreatment of arterioles with the arginase inhibitor S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC; 100μM) or L-arginine (1mM) restores endothelium-dependent dilation in obese ZR, and abolishes the difference between the obese and lean animals. However, D-arginine (1mM), which is not a substrate for eNOS, fails to restore endothelium-dependent dilation in obese ZR. Finally, obese ZR develop hypertension (158 ± 5mmHg) that is reversed by the daily administration of L-arginine (10g/L) in the drinking water (118 ± 5 mmHg) or by the chronic intraperitoneal administration of BEC (55.6μg/hour) via an osmotic minipump (115 ± 6mmHg) for one week. In contrast, the blood pressure of awake lean ZR (116 ± 4mmHg) is unaffected by either the chronic administration of L-arginine (112 ± 3mmHg) or BEC (111 ± 5mmHg). In conclusion, the present study indicates that obesity promotes ED and hypertension by restricting L-arginine availability via the induction of arginase I, and identifies arginase I as a novel therapeutic target in treating vascular disease.
Palliative systemic combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) and weekly 24h-infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil (5- FU) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (UICC stage IV)
Authors: S. Roehrig, A. Wein, H. Albrecht, U. Reulbach, G. Maennlein, W. Hohenberger, E. G. Hahn, F. Boxberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15644 Background: Due to the late diagnosis of pancreatic carcinomas in an advanced tumor stage, the application of palliative chemotherapy is frequently left as the only indicated treatment option. A meta-analysis by Sultana et al. (J Clin Oncol 2007) and Heinemann et al. (Ann Oncol 2007) describes a survival advantage of a GEM-based combination therapy compared with the standard single-agent GEM. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate the efficacy and toxic side effects of a chemotherapy schedule consisting of GEM combined with 5-FU in patients (pts.) with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 60 pts. based on the tumor registry data of the Dept. of Internal Medicine 1, evaluation period: 4/1998 - 8/2007, treatment schedule: 1.000 mg/m2 of GEM as a 0,5h-inf. combined with 2.000 mg/m2 of 5-FU as a 24h-inf. via port catheter on d 1, 8, 15 qd 22. Results: Median age: 64 years; m/f: n=40/20; ECOG 0/1/2/: n=21/26/13; histology: adenocarcinoma n=59, adenosquamous carcinoma n=1; G1/G2/G3/G4/not evaluable (n.e.): n=4/27/26/1/2; localisation: pancreatic (panc.) head n=37, panc. body n=6, panc. tail n=13, panc. body/tail junction n=4; metastases: liver: 75%, lymph. nodes: 57%, peritoneum:17%, lungs:12%; chemoth. appl.: total number: 785, average value/patient: 13; CA 19–9 elevated (el.) yes/no: n=43/13 (77%/23%, n.e.:6); CEA el. yes/no: n=21/27 (44%/56%, n.e.:12); higher grade toxicity (III or IV): leukocytopenia III: 13,3%, IV: 1,3%; thrombocytopenia III: 5%; anemia III: 8,3%, IV: 1,7%; fatigue III: 3,3%; diarrhea III: 5%; nausea III: 5%; vomiting III: 1,7%; fever III: 1,7%; infections III: 3,3%; hyponatremia IV: 3,3%; el. bilirubin value III: 1,7%, IV: 8,3%; deep leg vein thrombosis: 15%; median TTP: 4 mo.; median overall survival (ms): 7,3 mo. (95% CI 5,4 - 9,1); 1-year-survival rate: 28,3%; response: CR: 1,7%, PR: 5%, SD: 52%, PD: 30%, n.e.: 11,7%; tumor control (CR/PR/SD): 58%; median follow-up: 7,6 mo. (0,7- 60 mo.). Conclusion: In accordance with the two mentioned meta- analyses our results demonstrate that a GEM-based combination therapy with weekly high-dose 5-FU (ms: 7,3 mo.) is superior to single-agent GEM in terms of median survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Seventh International Transplantation Conference
Authors: Felix T. Rapaport, John Marquis Converse
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1965)

Journal Article Seventh International Transplantation Conference Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 35, Issue 1, July 1965, Page 236, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/35.1.236 Published: 01 July 1965