tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of dementia among people experiencing homelessness in Ontario, Canada: a population-based comparative analysis
Authors: Richard G Booth, Monidipa Dasgupta, Cheryl Forchuk, Salimah Z Shariff
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

BackgroundCognitive decline in people experiencing homelessness is an increasingly recognised issue. We compared the prevalence of dementia among people experiencing homelessness to housed individuals in the general population and those living in low-income neighbourhoods.MethodsWe conducted a population-based, cross-sectional, comparative analysis using linked health-care administrative data from Ontario, Canada. We included individuals aged 45 years or older on Jan 1, 2019, who visited hospital-based ambulatory care (eg, emergency department), were hospitalised, or visited a community health centre in 2019; and identified people experiencing homelessness if they had one or more health-care records with an indication of homelessness or unstable housing. Prevalence of dementia was ascertained as of Dec 31, 2019, using a validated case definition for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia that was modified to include diagnoses made at a community health centre. Poisson models were used to generate estimates of prevalence. Estimates were compared with Ontarians that accessed any of the same health-care services over the same time, overall (general population group), and among those who were in the lowest quintile of area-based neighbourhood income (low-income group).Findings12 863 people experiencing homelessness, 475 544 people in the low-income comparator group, and 2 273 068 people in the general population comparator group were included in the study. Dementia prevalence was 68·7 per 1000 population among people experiencing homelessness, 62·6 per 1000 population in the low-income group, and 51·0 per 1000 population in the general population group. Descriptively, prevalence ratios between people experiencing homelessness and the comparator groups were highest within the ages of 55–64 years and 65–74 years in both sexes, ranging from 2·98 to 5·00. After adjusting for age, sex, geographical location of residence (urban vs rural), and health conditions associated with dementia, the prevalence ratio of dementia among people experiencing homelessness was 1·71 (95% CI 1·60–1·82) compared with the low-income group and 1·90 (1·79–2·03) compared with the general population group.InterpretationPeople experiencing homelessness experience a high burden of dementia compared with housed populations in Ontario. Findings suggest that people experiencing homelessness might experience dementia at younger ages and could benefit from the development of proactive screening and housing interventions.FundingThe Public Health Agency of Canada.
Life course epidemiology and public health
Authors: Cornelia Wagner, Cristian Carmeli, Josephine Jackisch, Mika Kivimäki, Bernadette W A van der Linden, Stéphane Cullati, Arnaud Chiolero
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

Life course epidemiology aims to study the effect of exposures on health outcomes across the life course from a social, behavioural, and biological perspective. In this Review, we describe how life course epidemiology changes the way the causes of chronic diseases are understood, with the example of hypertension, breast cancer, and dementia, and how it guides prevention strategies. Life course epidemiology uses complex methods for the analysis of longitudinal, ideally population-based, observational data and takes advantage of new approaches for causal inference. It informs primordial prevention, the prevention of exposure to risk factors, from an eco-social and life course perspective in which health and disease are conceived as the results of complex interactions between biological endowment, health behaviours, social networks, family influences, and socioeconomic conditions across the life course. More broadly, life course epidemiology guides population-based and high-risk prevention strategies for chronic diseases from the prenatal period to old age, contributing to evidence-based and data-informed public health actions. In this Review, we assess the contribution of life course epidemiology to public health and reflect on current and future challenges for this field and its integration into policy making.
Socioeconomic inequalities in accumulation of multimorbidity in England from 2019 to 2049: a microsimulation projection study
Authors: Anna Head, Max Birkett, Kate Fleming, Chris Kypridemos, Martin O’Flaherty
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

BackgroundThere are socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of multimorbidity and its accumulation across the life course. Estimates of multimorbidity prevalence in English primary care increased by more than two-thirds from 2004 to 2019. We developed a microsimulation model to quantify current and projected multimorbidity inequalities in the English adult population.MethodsWe used primary care data for adults in England from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database between 2004 and 2019, linked to the 2015 English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), to model time individuals spent in four health states (healthy, one chronic condition, basic multimorbidity [two or more chronic conditions], and complex multimorbidity [three or more chronic conditions affecting three or more body systems]) by sex, age, IMD quintile, birth cohort, and region. We applied these transition times in a stochastic dynamic continuous-time microsimulation model to Office for National Statistics population estimates for adults aged 30–90 years. We calculated projected prevalence and cumulative incident cases from 2019 to 2049 by IMD quintile, age group (younger than 65 years vs 65 years and older), and years to be lived without multimorbidity at age 30 years.FindingsUnder the assumption that all chronic conditions were lifelong, and that once diagnosed there was no recovery, we projected prevalence of multimorbidity (basic or complex) increases by 34% from 53·8% in 2019 to 71·9% (95% uncertainty interval 71·8–72·0) in 2049. This rise equates to an 84% increase in the number of people with multimorbidity: from 19·2 million in 2019 to 35·3 million in 2049 (35·3 million to 35·4 million). This projected increase is greatest in the most deprived quintile, with an excess 1·07 million (1·04 million to 1·10 million) cumulative incident basic multimorbidity cases and 0·70 million (0·67 million to 0·74 million) complex multimorbidity cases over and above the projected cases for the least deprived quintile, largely driven by inequalities in those younger than 65 years. The median expected number of years to be lived without multimorbidity at age 30 years in 2019 is 15·12 years (14·62–16·01) in the least deprived IMD quintile and 12·15 years (11·61–12·60) in the most deprived IMD quintile.InterpretationThe number of people living with multimorbidity will probably increase substantially in the next 30 years, a continuation of past observed increases partly driven by changing population size and age structure. Inequalities in the multimorbidity burden increase at each stage of disease accumulation, and are projected to widen, particularly among the working-age population. Substantial action is needed now to address population health and to prepare health-care and social-care systems for coming decades.FundingUniversity of Liverpool and National Institute for Health and Care Research School for Public Health Research.
Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Alexander Drobyshevsky, Sylvia Synowiec, Ivan Goussakov, Rafael Fabres, Jing Lu, Michael Caplan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Premature infants lack a normal intestinal microbial community and also at risk of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which is considered to be one of the major factors for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits.We hypothesized that neonatal gut microbiota composition modulated the immune reaction and severity of neonatal H-I brain injury.Neonatal C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to H-I protocol consisting of permanent left carotid artery ligation, followed by 8% hypoxia for 60 min.Microbial manipulation groups included 1) antibiotic treatment, E18 (maternal) to P5; 2) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + E. coli gavage; 3) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + B. infantis gavage; and 4) saline to pups with dams getting fresh water.The extent of brain injury and recovery was measured on MRI.Edematous injury volume was significantly higher in E. coli group than that in B. infantis group and in fresh water group.Gene expression in brains of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL2, TNF-α and toll-like receptors 2-6) were elevated to a greater extent in the E. coli group at P10, no injury, and at P13, 72 hours after H-I relative to sham control and B. infantis groups.Significant effects of microbiome and brain injury and interaction of these factors were found in abundance of major phyla.The neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia are affected by intestinal microbiota, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention through targeting the early colonization and development of the gut microbiota.
<i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> induces chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting pyroptosis via the Hippo pathway
Authors: Ni Wang, Lu Zhang, Xiao-Xu Leng, Yi-Le Xie, Zi-Ran Kang, Li-Cong Zhao, Lin-Hong Song, Cheng-Bei Zhou, Jing-Yuan Fang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Chemotherapy resistance is one of the main reasons for the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, dysbiosis of gut bacteria was found to be a specific environmental risk factor. In this study, enrichment of F. nucleatum was elucidated to be significantly associated with CRC recurrence after chemotherapy. Functional experiments showed that F. nucleatum could inhibit pyroptosis induced by chemotherapy drugs, thereby inducing chemoresistance. Furthermore, mechanistic investigation demonstrated that F. nucleatum could regulate the Hippo pathway and promote the expression of BCL2, thereby inhibiting the Caspase-3/GSDME pyroptosis-related pathway induced by chemotherapy drugs and mediating CRC cell chemoresistance. Taken together, these results validated the significant roles of F. nucleatum in CRC chemoresistance, which provided an innovative theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and therapy of CRC.
Anti-CD30 CAR T cells as consolidation after autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with high-risk CD30+ lymphoma: a phase 1 study
Authors: Natalie S Grover, George Hucks, Marcie L Riches, Anastasia Ivanova, Dominic T Moore, Thomas C Shea, Mary Beth Seegars, Paul M Armistead, Kimberly A Kasow, Anne W Beaven, Christopher Dittus, James M Coghill, Katarzyna J Jamieson, Benjamin G Vincent, William A Wood, Catherine Cheng, Julia Kaitlin Morrison, John West, Tammy Cavallo, Gianpietro Dotti, Jonathan S Serody, Barbara Savoldo
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2024)
Metal versus plastic stents for walled-off pancreatic necrosis: much alike, then which?
Authors: Tomotaka Saito, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Hideyuki Shiomi, Arata Sakai, Hiroyuki Isayama
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Treatment of walled-off necrosis using lumen-apposing metal stents versus plastic stents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomized trialsEndoscopy 2024; 56(03): 184-195DOI: 10.1055/a-2169-0362
Establishing ground truth of polyp size, morphology, and volume using three-dimensional scanning
Authors: Roupen Djinbachian, Mahsa Taghiakbari, Firas Mubaid, Chakib Yahia Rekkabi, Bibi Nuzha Noorah, Daniel von Renteln
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Establishing ground truth of polyp size, morphology, and volume using three-dimensional scanning Comprehensive artificial intelligence (AI) solutions that should cover detecting polyp morphology, size, and volume are being developed. To train such AI solutions, it is essential to obtain high quality reference (ground truth data) on polyp morphology, size, and volume.
ESGE – Advancing Quality in Endoscopy
Authors: Monika Ferlitsch, Raf Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

This year we celebrate 60 years of ESGE. However, the ESGE quality initiative is significantly younger and only a teenager. As we entered the 21st century, it became apparent that GI endoscopy was not only about new technical achievements and innovations. Credit must be given to the United Kingdom, who for the first time analysed data from their national registry, and concluded that despite technical progress in endoscopy, many endoscopists were lacking in quality. Indeed, in 1999, a caecal intubation rate of only 56 % was reported [1]. In addition, the Polish registry revealed significant differences between endoscopists in adenoma detection rates, directly impacting the risk of interval colorectal cancers (CRC) [2]. With the introduction of CRC screening programmes throughout Europe, it became obvious that quality in GI endoscopy needed to be addressed to assure good outcomes for our patients and for society.
Cholecystitis in patients with a fully covered self-expandable metal stent with and without externally anchored plastic stents
Authors: José Miguel Jiménez-Gutiérrez, Félix Téllez-Avila
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Prolonged patency of fully covered self-expandable metal stents with an externally anchored plastic stent in distal malignant biliary obstructionEndoscopy 2023; 55(06): 563-568DOI: 10.1055/a-2013-2034
The safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent conjugate vaccine against Salmonella enterica Typhi and Paratyphi A in healthy Indian adults: a phase 1, randomised, active-controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: Prasad S Kulkarni, Anirudha Vyankatesh Potey, Sandesh Bharati, Anil Kunhihitlu, Bharath Narasimha, Sindhu Yallapa, Abhijeet Dharmadhikari, Vinay Gavade, Chandrashekhar D Kamat, Asha Mallya, Annamraju D Sarma, Sunil Goel, Sambhaji S Pisal, Cyrus S Poonawalla, Rajaram Venkatesan, Elizabeth Jones, Amy Flaxman, Young Chan Kim, Andrew J Pollard, Florence McLean, Eirini Pantazi, Tanya Dinesh, Rachel Atherton, Nicole Day, Juyeon Park, Sarthak Sahoo
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Correction: Lumen-apposing metal stents for the treatment of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections and bleeding risk: a propensity matched study
Authors: Benedetto Mangiavillano, Sundeep Lakhtakia, Jayanta Samanta, Francesco Auriemma, Jorge Vargas-Madrigal, Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono, Carmelo Barbera, Hazem Ashhab, Tae Jun Song, Khanh Do-Kong Pham, Anthony Y.B. Teoh, Jong Ho Moon, Stefano Francesco Crinò, Pradermchai Kongkam, Giovanni Aragona, Mark A. De Lusong, Jahnvi Dhar, Andrew Ofosu, Agostino Ventra, Danilo Paduano, Gianluca Franchellucci, Alessandro Repici, Alberto Larghi, Antonio Facciorusso
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Correction to: Lumen-apposing metal stents for the treatment of pancreatic and peripancreatic fluid collections and bleeding risk: a propensity matched studyEndoscopy 2024; 56(04): 249-257DOI: 10.1055/a-2219-3179
New uses for ancient middens: bridging ecological and evolutionary perspectives
Authors: Katie M. Becklin, Julio L. Betancourt, Joseph Braasch, Olivier Dézerald, Francisca P. Díaz, Angélica L. González, Robert Harbert, Camille A. Holmgren, Angela D. Hornsby, Claudio Latorre, Marjorie D. Matocq, Felisa A. Smith
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2024)
Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for guidance of therapy management in patients treated with anakinra due to recurrent pericarditis
Authors: Francesco Bianco, Valentina Bucciarelli, Francesca Coretti, Serena Cataldi, Francesca Damadei, Elena Raffaelli, Nicolò Schicchi, Alessia Omenetti, Bianca Lattanzi, Emanuela Berton, Francesca Chiara Surace, Alessandra Baldinelli, Luciana Breda, Salvatore Cazzato, Carlo Catassi, Antonio Dello Russo, Sabina Gallina
Journal:  (2024)

Abstract Aims To determine the utility of serial cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for guidance of therapy management in patients treated with anakinra due to recurrent pericarditis (RP), compared with C-reactive protein (CRP) assay alone. Methods and results In 2018–21, we enrolled 18 (14.5 ± 1.8 years old, 72% males) consecutive RP patients treated with anakinra (100 mg/day in patients ≥ 18 years old; 2 mg/kg/day &amp;lt; 18 years old) due to RP corticosteroid-dependent or not responsive to colchicine or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. After hospitalization, they were 1:1 randomized to CMR [no pericardial oedema and/or late gadolinium enchantment (LGE)] or CRP (&amp;lt;0.6 mg/dL). Tests were repeated every 3 months until negative to halve the anakinra dosage and cessation. The idiopathic aetiology was the most prevalent (n = 8, 44%), followed by post-pericardiotomy (n = 6, 33%). After a median treatment period of 8.7 ± 3.6 months, CRP-guided RP patients experienced more recurrences than CMR-guided ones (6 vs. 1, P = 0.016), with the worst prognosis in terms of recurrences (log-rank, P = 0.025) and significantly increased time of treatment (12.7 ± 2 vs. 16.1 ± 3.4 months, P = 0.019). In a multivariable exploratory Cox regression model, the number of previous recurrences and the idiopathic aetiology were independent predictors of RP during the anakinra treatment. New recurrences were subsequently directed to CMR imaging, and therapy was modified according to the LGE/oedema trend. After 1-year follow-up, no further recurrence was detected. Conclusion Among patients with RP and treated with anakinra, serial CMR imaging of the pericardium can be utilized as an imaging biomarker, more informative for therapy duration than the solely CRP assessment. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT06071156
Durable Responses With Mosunetuzumab in Relapsed/Refractory Indolent and Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Extended Follow-Up of a Phase I/II Study
Authors: Lihua E. Budde, Sarit Assouline, Laurie H. Sehn, Stephen J. Schuster, Sung-Soo Yoon, Dok Hyun Yoon, Matthew J. Matasar, Francesc Bosch, Won Seog Kim, Loretta J. Nastoupil, Ian W. Flinn, Mazyar Shadman, Catherine Diefenbach, Chan Yoon Cheah, Connie Y. Ma, Huang Huang, Antonia Kwan, Michael C. Wei, Shen Yin, Nancy L. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

JCO
Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, including cholesterol targets: summary of updated NICE guidance
Authors: David Wonderling, Alfredo Mariani, Eleanor J Samarasekera, Colin Wilkinson, Riyaz S Patel, Joseph Mills
Journal: BMJ (2024)

4CVDPrevent audit.CVDP009CHOL: Percentage of patients aged 18 and over with GP recorded CVD (narrow definition), who are currently treated with lipid lowering therapy.https://www.cvdprevent.nhs.uk/data-explorer?period=10&area=1&indicator=34. 5
Oxaliplatin-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Older Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: An ACCENT/IDEA Pooled Analysis of 12 Trials
Authors: Claire Gallois, Qian Shi, Levi D. Pederson, Thierry André, Timothy J. Iveson, Alberto F. Sobrero, Steven Alberts, Aimery de Gramont, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Thomas George, Hans-Joachim E. Schmoll, Ioannis Souglakos, Andrea Harkin, Roberto Labianca, Frank A. Sinicrope, Eiji Oki, Anthony F. Shields, Ioannis Boukovinas, Rachel Kerr, Sara Lonardi, Greg Yothers, Takayuki Yoshino, Richard M. Goldberg, Julien Taieb, Demetris Papamichael
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

A number of studies suggest that older patients may have reduced or no benefit from the addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidines as adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer (CC).
Increasing Catecholamine Secretion Through NPY in Pheochromocytomas With False-Negative 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy
Authors: Yutaro Ruike, Sawako Suzuki, Koutaro Yokote
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Introduction 123 I-MIBG has been well established as a functional imaging tool, and 131 I-MIBG therapy is being considered for catecholamine-secreting tumors. Tumors with the characteristics of a noradrenergic biochemical phenotype, small, malignant, metastatic, extra-adrenal, bilateral, and hereditary, especially SDHx -related tumors, are reported to correlate with reduced MIBG uptake. However, the potential molecular mechanisms influencing MIBG uptake have been poorly studied. Patients and Methods To identify critical genes that may enhance MIBG accumulation in pheochromocytomas (PCCs), we performed RNA-seq analyses for 16 operated patients with PCCs (6 MIBG-negative and 10 MIBG-positive) combined with RT-qPCR for 27 PCCs (5 MIBG-negative and 22 MIBG-positive) and examined primary cultures of the surgical tissues. Results In the present study, 6 adrenal nodules of 66 nodules surgically removed from 63 patients with PCCs (9%) were MIBG negative. MIBG, a guanethidine analog of norepinephrine, can enter chromaffin cells through active uptake via the cellular membrane, be deposited in chromaffin granules, and be released via Ca 2+ -triggered exocytosis from adrenal chromaffin cells. When we compared expression of several catecholamine biosynthesis and secretion-associated genes between MIBG-negative and MIBG-positive tumors using transcriptome analyses, we found that neuropeptide Y, which is contained in chromaffin granules, was significantly increased in MIBG-negative tumors. NPY stimulated norepinephrine secretion dose-dependently in primary cell culture derived from MIBG-positive PCC. In our study, MIBG-negative PCCs were all norepinephrine-hypersecreting tumors. Conclusions These data indicate that NPY upregulation in PCCs may stimulate chromaffin granule catecholamine secretion, which is associated with false-negative 123 I-MIBG scintigraphy.