tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Strategies for generating synthetic computed tomography-like imaging from radiographs: A scoping review
Authors: Daniel De Wilde, Olivier Zanier, Raffaele Da Mutten, Michael Jin, Luca Regli, Carlo Serra, Victor E Staartjes
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2025)

Advancements in tomographic medical imaging have revolutionized diagnostics and treatment monitoring by offering detailed 3D visualization of internal structures. Despite the significant value of computed tomography (CT), challenges such as high radiation dosage and cost barriers limit its accessibility, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Recognizing the potential of radiographic imaging in reconstructing CT images, this scoping review aims to explore the emerging field of synthesizing 3D CT-like images from 2D radiographs by examining the current methodologies. A scoping review was carried out following PRISMA-SR guidelines. Eligibility criteria for the articles included full-text articles published up to September 9, 2024, studying methodologies for the synthesis of 3D CT images from 2D biplanar or four-projection x-ray images. Eligible articles were sourced from PubMed MEDLINE, Embase, and arXiv. 76 studies were included. The majority (50.8 %, n = 30) were published between 2010 and 2020 (38.2 %, n = 29) and from 2020 onwards (36.8 %, n = 28), with European (40.8 %, n = 31), North American (26.3 %, n = 20), and Asian (32.9 %, n = 25) institutions being primary contributors. Anatomical regions varied, with 17.1 % (n = 13) of studies not using clinical data. Further, studies focused on the chest (25 %, n = 19), spine and vertebrae (17.1 %, n = 13), coronary arteries (10.5 %, n = 8), and cranial structures (10.5 %, n = 8), among other anatomical regions. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) (19.7 %, n = 15), generative adversarial networks (21.1 %, n = 16) and statistical shape models (15.8 %, n = 12) emerged as the most applied methodologies. A limited number of studies included explored the use of conditional diffusion models, iterative reconstruction algorithms, statistical shape models, and digital tomosynthesis. This scoping review summarizes current strategies and challenges in synthetic imaging generation. The development of 3D CT-like imaging from 2D radiographs could reduce radiation risk while simultaneously addressing financial and logistical obstacles that impede global access to CT imaging. Despite initial promising results, the field encounters challenges with varied methodologies and frequent lack of proper validation, requiring further research to define synthetic imaging's clinical role.
Exploring Retinal Conditions Through Blue Light Reflectance Imaging
Authors: Ricardo Luz Leitão Guerra, Cezar Luz Leitão Guerra, Mariana Gouveia Bastos Meirelles, Gabriel Castilho Sandoval Barbosa, Eduardo Amorim Novais, Emmerson Badaró, Luiz Filipe Adami Lucatto, Luiz Roisman
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2025)
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms: the molecular landscape, therapeutic challenges, and diagnosis and management strategies
Authors: Triparna Sen, Yosuke Dotsu, Virginia Corbett, Sonam Puri, Utsav Sen, Theresa A Boyle, Phil Mack, Fred Hirsch, Raid Aljumaily, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, Vineeth Sukrithan, Nagla Abdel Karim
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Neoadjuvant or perioperative therapy for melanoma metastasis in clinical practice: an international survey
Authors: Axel Hauschild, Claus Garbe, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Lev Demidov, Brigitte Dreno, Reinhard Dummer, Alexander Eggermont, Ana-Maria Forsea, Christoffer Gebhardt, Jeffrey E Gershenwald, Omid Hamid, Christoph Hoeller, Lidija Kandolf, Roland Kaufmann, John M Kirkwood, Celeste Lebbé, Georgina V Long, Josep Malvehy, Salvador Martin-Algarra, Grant McArthur, Bart Neyns, Erika Richtig, Caroline Robert, Dirk Schadendorf, Richard Scolyer, Vernon K Sondak, Alberto Wainstein, Michael Weichenthal, Paolo Nuti, Maureen J.B. Aarts, Ana Arance, Nethanel Asher, Miguel-Angel Berciano-Guerrero, Carola Berking, Matteo S. Carlino, Nina Dabelić, Diwakar Davar, Enrique Espinosa, Andrea Forschner, Olivier Gaide, Caroline Gaudy-Marqueste, Iva Gavrilova, Stephan Grabbe, Ralf Gutzmer, Christine Hafner, Jessica C. Hassel, Celine Jacobs, Sekwon Jang, Katharina C. Kähler, Helmut Kehrer, Peter Koelblinger, Ulrike Leiter, Evan J. Lipson, Elisabeth Livingstone, Jason J. Luke, Mario Mandalà, Joanna Mangana, Jasmina Marić Brozić, Ivan Marquez-Rodas, Lara Valeska Maul, Laura Mazilu, Inderjit Mehmi, Friedegund Meier, Tanja Mesti, Tara C. Mitchell, Peter Mohr, Justin Moyers, Eva Muñoz Couselo, Yana G. Najjar, Yasuhiro Nakamura, Janja Ocvirk, Kristina Orlova, Bogdan Catalin Popescu, Aleksandar Popovic, Christian Posch, Paola Queirolo, Egle Ramelyte, Rachel Roberts-Thomson, Andrée Rorive, Christina H. Ruhlmann, Annemie Rutten, April K.S. Salama, Igor Samoylenko, Bastian Schilling, Gergana Shalamanova-Deleva, Marco Siano, James W. Smithy, Philipp Stelzhammer, Karijn Suijkerbuijk, Patrick Terheyden, Pawel Teterycz, Julia K. Tietze, Vincas Urbonas, Igor Utyashev, Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Marcia Venter, Hassane M. Zarour, Lisa Zimmer, Grigorii Zinovev
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Brain radiotherapy combined with camrelizumab and platinum-doublet chemotherapy for previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with brain metastases (C-Brain): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: Yanjun Xu, Kaiyan Chen, Yujin Xu, Hui Li, Zhiyu Huang, Hongyang Lu, Dingzhi Huang, Sizhe Yu, Na Han, Lei Gong, Jing Qin, Jun Chen, Fajun Xie, Wei Hong, Xiao Lin, Fengzhuo Cheng, Xiaojie Luo, Yun Fan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Pi-ecing together brain calcification mechanisms for therapeutic advancement
Authors: Åse K. Bekkelund, Anette Siggervåg, Henriette Aksnes
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2025)

Seven primary familial brain calcification genes have been identified but their role in disease mechanisms has been less explored. Cheng et al. recently demonstrated that astrocyte-mediated regulation of brain phosphate (Pi) involves direct and functional interactions among three of these proteins, paving the way for new strategies to combat brain calcification.
Belzutifan plus cabozantinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (LITESPARK-003): an open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Toni K Choueiri, Jaime R Merchan, Robert Figlin, David F McDermott, Edward Arrowsmith, M Dror Michaelson, Scott S Tykodi, Elisabeth I Heath, David R Spigel, Anishka D'Souza, Laurent Kassalow, Rodolfo F Perini, Donna Vickery, Todd M Bauer
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Risk-prediction models and clinical challenges in the ROCkeTS study – Authors' reply
Authors: Sudha Sundar, Clare Davenport, Katie Scandrett, Dirk Timmerman, Tom Bourne, Jon Deeks
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)

We thank S Michael Crawford, and Bei Feng and colleagues for their insightful comments on the ROCkeTS study. Across all analyses, the ROCkeTS study shows that the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) Assessment of Different Neoplasias in the Adnexa (ADNEX) model delivered by appropriately trained NHS sonographers has superior sensitivity compared with the Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI), significantly reducing the likelihood of mismanaging patients with early-stage ovarian cancer for whom precise intervention can be curative. At a 10% risk threshold, IOTA ADNEX correctly identifies 92% of women with ovarian cancer; 8% of women with ovarian cancer will be missed (where ovarian cancer is defined as primary, secondary metastatic to ovaries, and borderline tumours). This is a significant improvement on the UK standard-of-care RMI I (threshold 250) which misses 29% of women with ovarian cancer.1
Polymeric nanocarriers for gene delivery
Authors: Jiayuan Zhang, Xinyu Yang, Zhichao Chang, Wenwei Zhu, Yuhua Ma, Haisheng He
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2025)

The recent commercialization of gene products has sparked significant interest in gene therapy, necessitating efficient and precise gene delivery via various vectors. Currently, viral vectors and lipid-based nanocarriers are the predominant choices and have been extensively investigated and reviewed. Beyond these vectors, polymeric nanocarriers also hold the promise in therapeutic gene delivery owing to their versatile functionalities, such as improving the stability, cellar uptake and endosomal escape of nucleic acid drugs, along with precise delivery to targeted tissues. This review presents a brief overview of the status quo of the emerging polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery, focusing on key cationic polymers, nanocarrier types, and preparation methods. It also highlights targeted diseases, strategies to improve delivery efficiency, and potential future directions in this research area. The review is hoped to inspire the development, optimization, and clinical translation of highly efficient polymeric nanocarriers for therapeutic gene delivery.
Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery Using Nanocolloids Self-assembled with an Unconventional Amphiphile Bearing Pumpkin-Shaped Host Molecule
Authors: Kyeng Min Park
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2025)

A new type of amphiphiles bearing macrocycle such as cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) spontaneously forms a nanomaterial in water, specifically vesicles (tACB[7] vesicles) with a positive surface charge, verified through various analytical techniques including TIRF, DLS and TEM. Functional validation not only reveals the accessibility of the CB[7] portal on these vesicles allowing CB[7]-based host-guest interactions with various functional guest molecules such as fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated adamantylammonium and spermine (FITC-AdA and FITC-SPM, respectively) using confocal laser scanning microscopy, but also showcases the effective internalization of tACB[7] vesicles into cancer cells with the anticancer drug oxaliplatin (OxPt), as a guest to CB[7], through in vitro cell experiments. Hence, this study provides a blueprint to impart amphiphilic properties to CB[7] through synthetic design and highlights the potential of CB[7] derivatives as a new class of unconventional amphiphiles self-assembling into functional nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery.
Single-dose oral administration of drug-loaded magnetic 3D-printed microbullets for eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Hua Xie, Dongdong Liu, Jintao Shen, Wenrui Yan, Meng Wei, Yingbao Sun, Yubao Fang, Bochuan Yuan, Pei Deng, Yiguang Jin
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2025)

Infections of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) affect 42.1 % of the Chinese population and 43.1 % of the world population. H. pylori inhabits the mucous sublayer at the pylorus, leading to gastric ulcers, gastritis, and even cancer. Oral antibiotics are usually used to treat H. pylori infections, whereas traditional quadruple therapy has side effects including headaches, nausea, diarrhea, intestinal dysbacteriosis, antibiotic resistance, and repeat infections. Here, a drug-loaded magnetic microbullet was designed to realize long-term retention in the stomach for one-shot treatment for H. pylori infections. It comprises a hollow cylinder wherein eight microneedles homogenously distribute at the top and several round pores located at the bottom. It was three-dimensional (3D)-printed by stereolithography. A clarithromycin (CAM) ground mixture (CGM) was prepared to improve solubility. Enough CGM powders were filled into the cylinder, covered by a small round magnet, and sealed to form a CAM-loaded magnetic microbullet (CMMB). CAM continually released from CMMBs for >24 h. With outside magnetic guidance, an oral CMMB targeted the pylorus site and the microneedles immediately headed into the mucosa followed by long-term local drug release. The in vitro and in vivo safety of CMMBs was confirmed, where their swelling rates were low, and the oral CMMB was finally completely evacuated. An oral CMMB was administered to H. pylori-infected mice and maintained in the stomach for 36 h with magnetic guidance, and the successful eradication of H. pylori was confirmed after single-dose administration. Oral CMMBs are a convenient medication for the eradication of H. pylori.
Codelivery of apigenin, FdUMP and CD276 antibody synergistic inhibit colorectal cancer by ferroptosis-apoptosis-pyroptosis and CD276 blockade
Authors: Weiran Cao, Xue Zhang, Jiaxuan Chen, Lu Sun, Huining He, Fei Yu
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2025)

Mitochondria provides adenosine triphosphate for multiple vital movements to ensure tumor cell proliferation. Compared to the broadly used method of inducing DNA replication arrest to kill cancer, inducing mitochondria damage to cause energy shortage is quite promising as it can inhibit tumor cell bioactivities, increase intracellular accumulation of toxic drugs, eventually sensitize chemotherapy and even reverse drug resistance. Breaking the balance of glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents have been proven efficient in destroying mitochondria respectively. Herein, apigenin, a GSH efflux reagent, and 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate sodium salt (FdUMP) that could induce toxic ROS were co-delivered by constructed lipid nanoparticles, noted as Lip@AF. An immune-checkpoint inhibition reagent CD276 antibody was modified onto the surface of Lip@AF with high reaction specificity (noted as αCD276-Lip@AF) to enhance the recognition of immune cells to tumor. Results showed that the redox balance was destroyed, leading to severe injury to mitochondria and cell membrane. Furthermore, synergistic DNA/RNA replication inhibition caused by inhibiting the function of thymidylate synthase were observed. Eventually, significantly enhanced cytotoxicity was achieved by combining multiple mechanisms including ferroptosis, apoptosis and pyroptosis. In vivo, strengthen tumor growth inhibition was achieved by αCD276-Lip@AF with high biosafety, providing new sights in enhancing chemotherapy sensitiveness and achieving high-performance chemo-immunotherapy.
Nitazoxanide protects against heart failure with preserved ejection and metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat diet (HFD) plus L-NAME “two-hit” in mice
Authors: Jiahui Chen, Liping Zhang, Ting Xie, Xiao Zhang, Congcong Pan, Fangli Sun, Wenfeng Li, Zhijie Sun, Deli Dong
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

The clinical antiprotozoal drug nitazoxanide has been demonstrated to improve the experimental diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis and inhibit inflammation. Since the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection (HFpEF) is multifactorial and closely associated with the aforementioned diseases, we aim to study the effect of nitazoxanide on high-fat diet (HFD) plus L-NAME (N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester)-induced HFpEF and metabolic syndrome in mice. We found that oral nitazoxanide improved cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac diastolic dysfunction, increased blood pressure, impaired exercise tolerance, impaired glucose handling, serum lipid disorders, hepatic steatosis, increased weight of white adipose tissues and kidney fibrosis in HFD + L-NAME-treated mice. In the established HFD + L-NAME-induced HFpEF and metabolic syndrome mouse model, therapeutic treatment with nitazoxanide rescued HFD + L-NAME-induced pathological phenotypes as mentioned above. The in vitro experiments revealed that tizoxanide, the active metabolite of nitazoxanide, increased the basal mitochondria metabolism of cardiomyocytes, inhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and collagen secretion from cardiac fibroblasts, and relaxed phenylephrine- and U46619-induced constriction of rat mesenteric arteries, indicating that the direct effect of tizoxanide might partly contribute to the protective effect of nitazoxanide against HFpEF in vivo. The present study suggests that nitazoxanide might be a potential drug for HFpEF and metabolic syndrome therapy.
Novel carbazole attenuates vascular remodeling through STAT3/CIAPIN1 signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Joo-Hui Han, Jong-Beom Heo, Hyung-Won Lee, Min-Ho Park, Jangmi Choi, Eun Joo Yun, Seongpyo Lee, Gyu Yong Song, Chang-Seon Myung
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

This study investigated the molecular mechanism of phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which play a crucial role in vascular remodeling using 9H-Carbazol-3-yl 4-aminobenzoate (CAB). CAB significantly attenuated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. CAB suppressed PDGF-induced STAT3 activation by directly binding to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation by CAB attenuated CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis through a decrease in CIAPIN1 transcription. Furthermore, abrogated CIAPIN1 decreased KLF4-mediated VSMC dedifferentiation and increased CDKN1B-induced cell cycle arrest and MMP9 suppression. CAB inhibited intimal hyperplasia in injury-induced neointima animal models by inhibition of the CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis. However, CIAPIN1 overexpression attenuated CAB-mediated suppression of VSMC proliferation, migration, phenotypic switching, and intimal hyperplasia. Our study clarified the molecular mechanism underlying STAT3 inhibition of VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular remodeling and identified novel active CAB. These findings demonstrated that STAT3 can be a major regulator to control CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis that may be a therapeutic target for treating vascular proliferative diseases.
BRD4 regulates m6A of ESPL1 mRNA via interaction with ALKBH5 to modulate breast cancer progression
Authors: Haisheng Zhang, Linlin Lu, Cheng Yi, Tao Jiang, Yunqing Lu, Xianyuan Yang, Ke Zhong, Jiawang Zhou, Jiexin Li, Guoyou Xie, Zhuojia Chen, Zongpei Jiang, Gholamreza Asadikaram, Yanxi Peng, Dan Zhou, Hongsheng Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

The interaction between m6A-methylated RNA and chromatin modification remains largely unknown. We found that targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) by siRNA or its inhibitor (JQ1) significantly decreases mRNA m6A levels and suppresses the malignancy of breast cancer (BC) cells via increased expression of demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5). Mechanistically, inhibition of BRD4 increases the mRNA stability of ALKBH5 via enhanced binding between its 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) with RNA-binding protein RALY. Further, BRD4 serves as a scaffold for ubiquitin enzymes tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM21) and ALKBH5, resulting in the ubiquitination and degradation of ALKBH5 protein. JQ1-increased ALKBH5 then demethylates mRNA of extra spindle pole bodies like 1 (ESPL1) and reduces binding between ESPL1 mRNA and m6A reader insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), leading to decay of ESPL1 mRNA. Animal and clinical studies confirm a critical role of BRD4/ALKBH5/ESPL1 pathway in BC progression. Further, our study sheds light on the crosstalks between histone modification and RNA methylation.
Celastrol directly targets LRP1 to inhibit fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk and ameliorates psoriasis progression
Authors: Yuyu Zhu, Lixin Zhao, Wei Yan, Hongyue Ma, Wanjun Zhao, Jiao Qu, Wei Zheng, Chenyang Zhang, Haojie Du, Meng Yu, Ning Wan, Hui Ye, Yicheng Xie, Bowen Ke, Qiang Xu, Haiyan Sun, Yang Sun, Zijun Ouyang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

Psoriasis is an incurable chronic inflammatory disease that requires new interventions. Here, we found that fibroblasts exacerbate psoriasis progression by promoting macrophage recruitment via CCL2 secretion by single-cell multi-omics analysis. The natural small molecule celastrol was screened to interfere with the secretion of CCL2 by fibroblasts and improve the psoriasis-like symptoms in both murine and cynomolgus monkey models. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) β-chain and abolished its binding to the transcription factor c-Jun in the nucleus, which in turn inhibited CCL2 production by skin fibroblasts, blocked fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk, and ameliorated psoriasis progression. Notably, fibroblast-specific LRP1 knockout mice exhibited a significant reduction in psoriasis like inflammation. Taken together, from clinical samples and combined with various mouse models, we revealed the pathogenesis of psoriasis from the perspective of fibroblast-macrophage crosstalk, and provided a foundation for LRP1 as a novel potential target for psoriasis treatment.
Engineering cellular dephosphorylation boosts (+)-borneol production in yeast
Authors: Haiyan Zhang, Peng Cai, Juan Guo, Jiaoqi Gao, Linfeng Xie, Ping Su, Xiaoxin Zhai, Baolong Jin, Guanghong Cui, Yongjin J Zhou, Luqi Huang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)

(+)-Borneol, the main component of "Natural Borneol" in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, is a high-end spice and precious medicine. Plant extraction cannot meet the increasing demand for (+)-borneol, while microbial biosynthesis offers a sustainable supply route. However, its production was extremely low compared with other monoterpenes, even with extensively optimizing the mevalonate pathway. We found that the key challenge is the complex and unusual dephosphorylation reaction of bornyl diphosphate (BPP), which suffers the side-reaction and the competition from the cellular dephosphorylation process, especially lipid metabolism, thus limiting (+)-borneol synthesis. Here, we systematically optimized the dephosphorylation process by identifying, characterizing phosphatases, and balancing cellular dephosphorylation metabolism. For the first time, we identified two endogenous phosphatases and seven heterologous phosphatases, which significantly increased (+)-borneol production by up to 152%. By engineering BPP dephosphorylation and optimizing the MVA pathway, the production of (+)-borneol was increased by 33.8-fold, which enabled the production of 753 mg/L under fed-batch fermentation in shake flasks, so far the highest reported in the literature. This study showed that rewiring dephosphorylation metabolism was essential for high-level production of (+)-borneol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and balancing cellular dephosphorylation is also helpful for efficient biosynthesis of other terpenoids since all whose biosynthesis involves the dephosphorylation procedure.
Anyone can drown. No one should.
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2025)

"Anyone can drown. No one should." notes WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, in his foreword to the first WHO Global status report on drowning prevention, released on Dec 13, 2024. Following on from the recommendations of the UN resolution on drowning prevention, championed by the Governments of Bangladesh and Ireland and the 2023 World Health Assembly resolution on accelerating action on global drowning prevention, this landmark report dissects the drowning burden globally, at the country level, and the trends since 2000, presents an overview of the key strategies to prevent drowning, and provides a benchmark for tracking prevention efforts in the future.