tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A critical discussion of pediatric gender measures to clarify the utility and purpose of “measuring” gender
Authors: Penelope Strauss, Jack Ball, Sam Bonney, Marco Costanza, Blake S. Cavve, Kirsty Hird, Liz A. Saunders, Xander Bickendorf, Cati S. Thomas, Simone Mahfouda, Madison Fitzgerald, Julia K. Moore, Ashleigh Lin
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background Pediatric gender clinics and researchers commonly use scales to measure different dimensions of gender (e.g. identity, dysphoria, satisfaction). There has been little investigation into the relevance and consumer acceptability of these scales within contemporary understandings and experiences of gender.
Light in evaluation of molecular diffusion in tissues: Discrimination of pathologies
Authors: Luís R. Oliveira, Maria R. Pinheiro, Daria K. Tuchina, Polina A. Timoshina, Maria I. Carvalho, Luís M. Oliveira
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2024)

The evaluation of the diffusion properties of different molecules in tissues is a subject of great interest in various fields, such as dermatology/cosmetology, clinical medicine, implantology and food preservation. In this review, a discussion of recent studies that used kinetic spectroscopy measurements to evaluate such diffusion properties in various tissues is made. By immersing ex vivo tissues in agents or by topical application of those agents in vivo, their diffusion properties can be evaluated by kinetic collimated transmittance or diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Using this method, recent studies were able to discriminate the diffusion properties of agents between healthy and diseased tissues, especially in the cases of cancer and diabetes mellitus. In the case of cancer, it was also possible to evaluate an increase of 5% in the mobile water content from the healthy to the cancerous colorectal and kidney tissues. Considering the application of some agents to living organisms or food products to protect them from deterioration during low temperature preservation (cryopreservation), and knowing that such agent inclusion may be reversed, some studies in these fields are also discussed. Considering the broadband application of the optical spectroscopy evaluation of the diffusion properties of agents in tissues and the physiological diagnostic data that such method can acquire, further studies concerning the optimization of fruit sweetness or evaluation of poison diffusion in tissues or antidote application for treatment optimization purposes are indicated as future perspectives.
Lemierre’s Syndrome Complicated by Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Matthew J Heron, Francis Deng
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

A 20-year-old woman presented with headache, double vision, and drooping of the right eyelid. Workup was notable for oculomotor nerve palsy and thromboses of the cavernous sinuses and internal jugular veins.
When I use a word . . . . Fictional drugs in dystopian fiction
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2024)

I define fictional drugs as non-existent medicines, intended for human use, invented for the purposes of some forms of fiction, usually novels, but also plays or films, including TV dramas. Fictional drugs feature in many different types of speculative fiction, including science fiction, fantasy, and utopian and dystopian fiction. Examples of dystopian fiction that feature fictional drugs include <i>The Inner House</i> by Walter Besant (1888), <i>Oryx and Crake</i> by Margaret Atwood (2003), <i>Gun, With Occasional Music</i> by Jonathan Lethem (1994), <i>Infinite Jest</i> by David Foster Wallace (1996), and <i>White Noise</i> by Don DeLillo (1985). The drugs they describe variously promote entertaining hallucinations, prolong life indefinitely, protect against all known sexually transmitted diseases, provide an unlimited supply of libido and sexual prowess, and remove the fear-of-death. They are not, however, free from adverse effects.
Key factors that influence quality of life in patients with <scp>IgE</scp>‐mediated food allergy vary by age
Authors: Stephanie A. Kubala, Fernanda D. Young, Viviane Callier, Marjohn M. Rasooly, Caeden Dempsey, Erica Brittain, Pamela A. Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio
Journal: Allergy (2024)

While food allergy (FA) can be fatal, the greatest public health impact of FA arguably lies in its detrimental effect on quality of life (FAQOL). Understanding the factors that contribute to FAQOL at different ages is essential to develop personalized interventions that will improve FAQOL.
Spatial transcriptomics reveals organized and distinct immune activation in cutaneous granulomatous disorders
Authors: Joseph Daccache, Eunsuh Park, Muhammad Junejo, Mariam Abdelghaffar, Erica Hwang, Chitrasen Mohanty, Chandra K. Singh, Guilin Wang, John O. Wheeler, Bridget E. Shields, Caroline A. Nelson, Yiwei Wang, William Damsky
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
REM Sleep in Narcolepsy
Authors: Michael J. Thorpy, Jerome M. Siegel, Yves Dauvilliers
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2024)

Narcolepsy is mainly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, but the characteristic feature is abnormal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phenomena. REM sleep disturbances can manifest as cataplexy (in narcolepsy type 1), sleep paralysis, sleep-related hallucinations, REM sleep behavior disorder, abnormal dreams, polysomnographic evidence of REM sleep disruption with sleep-onset REM periods, and fragmented REM sleep. Characterization of REM sleep and related symptoms facilitates the differentiation of narcolepsy from other central hypersomnolence disorders and aids in distinguishing between narcolepsy types 1 and 2. A circuit comprising regions within the brainstem, forebrain, and hypothalamus is involved in generating and regulating REM sleep, which is influenced by changes in monoamines, acetylcholine, and neuropeptides. REM sleep is associated with brainstem functions, including autonomic control, and REM sleep disturbances may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Medications used to treat narcolepsy (and REM-related symptoms of narcolepsy) include stimulants/wake-promoting agents, pitolisant, oxybates, and antidepressants; hypocretin agonists are a potential new class of therapeutics. The role of REM sleep disturbances in narcolepsy remains an area of active research in pathophysiology, symptom management, and treatment. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of REM sleep and its dysfunction in narcolepsy.
Rational combinatorial targeting by adapter CAR-T-cells (AdCAR-T) prevents antigen escape in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Daniel Atar, Lara Ruoff, Anna-Sophia Mast, Simon Krost, Moustafa Moustafa-Oglou, Sophia Scheuermann, Beate Kristmann, Maximilian Feige, Aysegül Canak, Kathrin Wolsing, Lennart Schlager, Karin Schilbach, Latifa Zekri, Martin Ebinger, Daniel Nixdorf, Marion Subklewe, Johannes Schulte, Claudia Lengerke, Irmela Jeremias, Niels Werchau, Joerg Mittelstaet, Peter Lang, Rupert Handgretinger, Patrick Schlegel, Christian M Seitz
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

Abstract Targeting AML by chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) is challenging due to the promiscuous expression of AML-associated antigens in healthy hematopoiesis and high degree of inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity. Here, we present single-cell expression data of AML-associated antigens in 30 primary pediatric AML samples. We identified CD33, CD38, CD371, IL1RAP and CD123 as the most frequently expressed. Notably, high variability was observed not only across the different patient samples but also among leukemic cells of the same patient suggesting the necessity of multiplexed targeting approaches. To address this need, we utilized our modular Adapter CAR (AdCAR) platform, enabling precise qualitative and quantitative control over CAR-T-cell function. We show highly efficient and target-specific activity for newly generated adapter molecules (AMs) against CD33, CD38, CD123, CD135 and CD371, both in vitro and in vivo. We reveal that inherent intratumoral heterogeneity in antigen expression translates into antigen escape and therapy failure to monotargeted CAR-T therapy. Further, we demonstrate in PDX models that rational combinatorial targeting by AdCAR-T-cells can cure heterogenic disease. In conclusion, we elucidate the clinical relevance of heterogeneity in antigen expression in pediatric AML and present a novel concept for precision immunotherapy by combinatorial targeting utilizing the AdCAR platform.
Dynamically visualizing profibrotic maladaptive repair after acute kidney injury by fibroblast activation protein imaging
Authors: Jiawen Huang, Shuang Cui, Xiaohua Chi, Ansheng Cong, Xiaoqiang Yang, Huanjuan Su, Zhanmei Zhou, Cailing Su, Zuoyu Hu, Zhijie Huang, Jiao Luo, Guobao Wang, Ying Jiang, Ganghua Tang, Wei Cao
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
A bio-behavioral model of systemic inflammation at breast cancer diagnosis and fatigue of clinical importance two years later
Authors: A. Di Meglio, J. Havas, M. Pagliuca, M.A. Franzoi, D. Soldato, C.K. Chiodi, E. Gillanders, F. Dubuisson, V. Camara-Clayette, B. Pistilli, J. Ribeiro, F. Joly, P.H. Cottu, O. Tredan, A. Bertaut, P.A. Ganz, J. Bower, A.H. Partridge, A.L. Martin, S. Everhard, S. Boyault, S. Brutin, F. André, S. Michiels, C. Pradon, I. Vaz-Luis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2024)

BackgroundWe aimed to generate a model of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) of clinical importance two years after diagnosis of breast cancer building on clinical and behavioral factors and integrating pre-treatment markers of systemic inflammation.MethodsWomen with stage I-III HR+/HER2- breast cancer were included from the multimodal, prospective CANTO cohort (NCT01993498). The primary outcome was global CRF of clinical importance (EORTC QLQ-C30≥40/100) two years after diagnosis (year-2). Secondary outcomes included physical, emotional, and cognitive CRF (EORTC QLQ-FA12). All pre-treatment candidate variables were assessed at diagnosis, including inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1a, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon gamma, IL-1 receptor antagonist, TNF-α, and C-reactive protein), and were tested in multivariable logistic regression models implementing multiple imputation and validation by 100-fold bootstrap resampling.ResultsAmong 1208 patients, 415 (34.4%) reported global CRF of clinical importance at year-2. High pre-treatment levels of IL-6 (Quartile 4 vs.1) were associated with global CRF at year-2 (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 2.06 [95% Confidence Interval 1.40-3.03]; p=0.0002; AUC=0.74). Patients with high pre-treatment IL-6 had unhealthier behaviors, including being frequently either overweight or obese (62.4%; mean BMI 28.0 [SD 6.3] Kg/m2) and physically inactive (53.5% did not meet WHO recommendations). Clinical and behavioral associations with CRF at year-2 included pre-treatment CRF (aOR vs no: 3.99 [2.81-5.66]), younger age (per 1-year decrement: 1.02 [1.01-1.03]), current smoking (vs never: 1.81 [1.26-2.58]), and worse insomnia or pain (per 10-unit increment: 1.08 [1.04-1.13], and 1.12 [1.04-1.21], respectively). Secondary analyses indicated additional associations of IL-2 (aOR per log-unit increment:1.32 [CI 1.03-1.70]) and IL-10 (0.73 [0.57-0.93]) with global CRF and of C-reactive protein (1.42 [1.13-1.78]) with cognitive CRF at year-2. Emotional distress was consistently associated with physical, emotional, and cognitive CRF.ConclusionsThis study proposes a bio-behavioral framework linking pre-treatment systemic inflammation with CRF of clinical importance two years later among a large prospective sample of survivors of breast cancer.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended 8-year follow-up results of efficacy and safety from the phase III CheckMate 214 trial
Authors: N.M. Tannir, L. Albigès, D.F. McDermott, M. Burotto, T.K. Choueiri, H.J. Hammers, P. Barthélémy, E.R. Plimack, C. Porta, S. George, F. Donskov, M.B. Atkins, H. Gurney, C.K. Kollmannsberger, M.-O. Grimm, C. Barrios, Y. Tomita, D. Castellano, V. Grünwald, B.I. Rini, R. Jiang, H. Desilva, V. Fedorov, C.-W. Lee, R.J. Motzer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2024)

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) has demonstrated superior overall survival (OS) and durable response benefits versus sunitinib (SUN) with long-term follow-up in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). We report updated analyses with 8 years of median follow-up from CheckMate 214.
Estimating the morbidity burden of imported chronic schistosomiasis among West African migrants in the Northern Metropolitan Area from Barcelona (Spain): a prospective community-based research
Authors: Sílvia Roure, Xavier Vallès, Olga Pérez-Quílez, Israel López-Muñoz, Lluís Valerio, Laura Soldevila, Anna Chamorro, Elena Abad, Alaa H.A. Hegazy, Gema Fernández-Rivas, Ester Gorriz, Dolores Herena, Elia Fernández-Pedregal, Alba San José, Sergio España-Cueto, Roger Paredes, Jose Miranda-Sánchez, Maria Carme Miralles, Carmen Conde, Juan José Montero, Maria Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Josep M. Llibre, Mar Isnard, Josep Maria Bonet, Oriol Estrada, Núria Prat, Bonaventura Clotet
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)

Past exposure to schistosomiasis is frequent among migrants from endemic countries, and chronic untreated infection may lead to long-term morbidities.
From the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee: Terminology Issues in Screening and Early Detection of Lung Cancer—International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Early Detection and Screening Committee Expert Group Recommendations
Authors: Rudolf M Huber, Milena Cavic, Haval Balata, Andrea Borondy Kitts, John K Field, Claudia Henschke, Ella A Kazerooni, Anna Kerpel-Fronius, Robert A Smith, Emanuela Taioli, Luigi Ventura, Stephen Lam, David Yankelevitz, Martin Tammemägi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2024)
T-cell Redirecting Therapies in Haematological malignancies: Current Developments and Novel Strategies for Improved Targeting
Authors: Georgina S F Anderson, Michael A Chapman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2024)

T cell-redirecting therapies (TCRTs), such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) T cells and T cell engagers, have emerged as a highly effective treatment modality, particularly in the B and plasma cell-malignancy setting. However, many patients fail to achieve deep and durable responses; while the lack of truly unique tumor antigens, and concurrent on-target/off-tumor toxicities, have hindered the development of TCRTs for many other cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in TCRT targets for hematological malignancies, as well as novel targeting strategies that aim to address these, and other, challenges.
Cannabinoid receptor 2 plays a key role in renal fibrosis through inhibiting lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells
Authors: Shan Zhou, Xian Ling, Ye Liang, Qijian Feng, Chao Xie, Jiemei Li, Qiyan Chen, Jinhua Miao, Mengyao Zhang, Zhiru Li, Weiwei Shen, Xiaolong Li, Qinyu Wu, Xiaoxu Wang, Fan Fan Hou, Youhua Liu, Yaozhong Kong, Lili Zhou
Journal: Metabolism (2024)

Renal fibrosis is a common feature in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Tubular cell damage is a main characterization which results from dysregulated fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and lipid accumulation. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) contributes to renal fibrosis, however, its role in FAO dysregulation in tubular cells is not clarified. In this study, we found CB2 plays a detrimental role in lipid metabolism in tubular cells.
Iohexol plasma clearance measurement protocol standardization for adults: a consensus paper of the European Kidney Function Consortium
Authors: Natalie Ebert, Elke Schaeffner, Jesse C. Seegmiller, Marco van Londen, Arend Bökenkamp, Etienne Cavalier, Pierre Delanaye, Laurence Derain-Dubourg, Bjørn O. Eriksen, Olafur S. Indridason, Runolfur Palsson, Tariq Shafi, Anders Christensson, Sebastjan Bevc, Fabiola Carrara, Marie Courbebaisse, R. Neil Dalton, Markus van der Giet, Toralf Melsom, Shona Methven, Gunnar Nordin, Hans Pottel, Andrew D. Rule, Matias Trillini, Christine A. White
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

International consensus supports the development of standardized mGFR protocols to facilitate the implementation of more widespread and routine mGFR testing in clinical care and research protocols. With support from the EKFC, an international group of experts performed an extensive literature search to develop recommendations for a standardized approach to determine mGFR. This consensus paper evaluated the evidence and formulated recommendations that include all aspects of iohexol plasma clearance measurement in adults not on dialysis. These recommendations include practical advice for patient preparation, preparation and administration of iohexol, blood sample collection and sampling times, laboratory analysis, mathematical calculation of mGFR, as well as aspects concerning the safety of the procedure and implementation strategies. Iohexol plasma clearance can be measured following a multisample or single-sample protocol. Iohexol plasma clearance testing is contraindicated in patients with significant edema or ascites, or with a documented severe allergy to an iodinated contrast agent. Supplementary materials are provided to assist with the mGFR calculation using either MSP or SSP. Once the infrastructure for iohexol plasma clearance measurement is established, an mGFR implementation program will facilitate the incorporation of the mGFR into both clinical practice and research protocols, including importantly future efforts to develop and validate more accurate GFR estimation equations.
Comparative safety of oral Janus kinase inhibitors and dupilumab in patients with atopic dermatitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Serena Yun-Chen Tsai, Wanda Phipatanakul, Elena B. Hawryluk, Michiko K. Oyoshi, Lynda C. Schneider, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Enhancing prognostication and treatment response evaluation in primary CNS lymphoma with 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Authors: Minyoung Oh, Hyungwoo Cho, Ji Eun Park, Ho Sung Kim, Heounjeong Go, Chan-Sik Park, Sang-wook Lee, Sang Woo Song, Young-Hoon Kim, Young Hyun Cho, Seok Ho Hong, Jeong Hoon Kim, Dong Yun Lee, Jin-Sook Ryu, Dok Hyun Yoon, Jae Seung Kim
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2024)

The role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in the prognostication and response evaluation of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains inadequately defined.
Delivery vehicle and route of administration influences self-amplifying RNA biodistribution, expression kinetics, and reactogenicity
Authors: Nuthan Vikas Bathula, Josh J. Friesen, Irafasha C. Casmil, Christopher J. Wayne, Suiyang Liao, Shekinah K.V. Soriano, Chia Hao Ho, Anneke Strumpel, Anna K. Blakney
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)

Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a next-generation RNA platform derived from an alphavirus that enables replication in host cytosol, offering a promising shift from traditional messenger RNA (mRNA) therapies by enabling sustained protein production from minimal dosages. The approval of saRNA-based vaccines, such as the ARCT-154 for COVID-19 in Japan, underscores its potential for diverse therapeutic applications, including vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy, and gene therapy. This study investigates the role of delivery vehicle and administration route on saRNA expression kinetics and reactogenicity. Employing ionizable lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) and polymeric nanoparticles, we administered saRNA encoding firefly luciferase to BALB/c mice through six routes (intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), intraperitoneal (IP), intranasal (IN), intravenous (IV), and subcutaneous (SC)), and observed persistent saRNA expression over a month. Our findings reveal that while LNPs enable broad route applicability and stability, pABOL (poly (cystamine bisacrylamide-co-4-amino-1-butanol)) formulations significantly amplify protein expression via intramuscular delivery. Notably, the disparity between RNA biodistribution and protein expression highlight the nuanced interplay between administration routes, delivery vehicles, and therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, our research unveiled distinct biodistribution profiles and inflammatory responses contingent upon the chosen delivery formulation and route. This research illuminates the intricate dynamics governing saRNA delivery, biodistribution and reactogenicity, offering essential insights for optimizing therapeutic strategies and advancing the clinical and commercial viability of saRNA technologies.
Surface modification of extracellular vesicles with polyoxazolines to enhance their plasma stability and tumor accumulation
Authors: L. Simon, J. Constanzo, C. Terraza-Aguirre, Z. Ibn Elfekih, J. Berthelot, B.T. Benkhaled, T. Haute, K. Pednekar, K. Clark, S.J. Emerson, S. Atis, C. Benedetti, S. Langlois, A. Marquant, J. Prakash, A. Wang, J.M. Devoisselle, T. Montier, F. Djouad, J.P. Pouget, V. Lapinte, Marie Morille
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Fish oil supplementation protects skin from yellowness induced by fine particulate matter through anti-inflammatory mechanism: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ying Fang, Jingyi Qi, Yixuan Jiang, Zhijing Lin, Renjie Chen, Haidong Kan, Yue Niu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Evidence of the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on skin colour and its potential preventive intervention is scarce. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 65 healthy college students suggested that short-term PM2.5 exposure may lead to darkening and yellowing of skin tone. The yellowness may be modulated by inflammatory responses and alleviated by fish-oil supplementation.
Ecological and evolutionary perspectives advance understanding of mycobacterial diseases
Authors: Christine Chevillon, Benoît de Thoisy, Alex W Rakestraw, Kayla M Fast, Jennifer L Pechal, Sophie Picq, Loïc Epelboin, Paul Le Turnier, Magdalene Dogbe, Heather R Jordan, Michael W Sandel, Mark Eric Benbow, Jean-François Guégan
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2024)

Predicting the outbreak of infectious diseases and designing appropriate preventive health actions require interdisciplinary research into the processes that drive exposure to and transmission of disease agents. In the case of mycobacterial diseases, the epidemiological understanding of the scientific community hitherto was based on the clinical studies of infections in vertebrates. To evaluate the information gained by comprehensively accounting for the ecological and evolutionary constraints, we conducted literature searches assessing the role of mycobacteria interactions with non-vertebrate species in the origin of their pathogenicity and variations in disease risk. The reviewed literature challenges the current theory of person-to-person transmission for several mycobacterial infections. Furthermore, the findings suggest that diverse non-vertebrate organisms influence virulence, mediate transmission, and contribute to pathogen abundance in relation to vertebrate exposure. We advocate that an ecological and evolutionary framework provides novel insights to support a more comprehensive understanding of the prevention and management of diseases in vertebrates.
Early findings from the NHS Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission Programme: a prospective evaluation of real-world implementation
Authors: Jonathan Valabhji, Tessa Gorton, Emma Barron, Soraya Safazadeh, Fiona Earnshaw, Clare Helm, Martin Virr, John Kernan, Shaun Crowe, Paul Aveyard, John Wilding, Tony Willis, Louisa Ells, Simon O'Neill, Elizabeth Robertson, Susan Jebb, Roy Taylor, Chirag Bakhai
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)