tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US Cancer Mortality Trends Among Asian and Pacific Islander Populations
Authors: David T. Zhu, Isabella R. Pompa, David Qi, Saveli I. Goldberg, Richard J. Lee, Sophia C. Kamran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Cancer is the leading cause of death among Asian American individuals and the second leading cause of death among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander people. Objective To evaluate longitudinal cancer mortality trends from 1999 to 2020 among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations in the US by demographic characteristics. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database to obtain age-adjusted cancer death rates among Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals of all ages between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from January 12 to March 19, 2024. Exposures Age, sex, cancer type, and US census regions. Main Outcomes and Measures Trends and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) in age-adjusted cancer-specific mortality (CSM) rates for non-Hispanic Asian American and Pacific Islander populations were estimated by cancer type, age, sex, and region using Joinpoint regression. Results Between 1999 and 2020, 305 386 Asian American and Pacific Islander individuals (median [IQR] age, 69.5 [58.5-79.2] years; 51.1% male) died of cancer in the US. Overall, the CSM rate decreased by 1.5% annually. Men experienced a greater CSM rate decrease (AAPC, −1.8%; 95% CI, −2.2% to −1.3%) compared with women (AAPC, −1.1%; 95% CI: −1.2% to −1.0%). For women, death rates decreased for most cancer types but increased for uterine (AAPC, 2.5%; 95% CI, 2.0%-3.0%) and brain and central nervous system (AAPC, 1.4%; 95% CI: 0.7%-2.1%) cancers. Colorectal cancer mortality rates increased among men aged 45 to 54 years (AAPC, 1.3%; 95% CI, 0.5%-2.1%). Liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer mortality increased for both men and women in all US census regions, uterine cancer mortality increased in all regions for women, and pancreatic cancer mortality increased in the Midwest for both men and women. Conclusions and Relevance Although these findings show an overall decrease in CSM among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations, specific cancer types exhibited increased mortality rates, with further disparities by sex and age. Targeted, culturally adapted clinical and public health interventions are needed to narrow disparities in cancer mortality.
Learned and Unlearned Lessons in Quality and Safety From Hospitals’ COVID-19 Burdens
Authors: Benjamin D. Pollock, Subashnie Devkaran, Sean C. Dowdy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Mark L. Metersky, MD; David Rodrick, PhD; Shih-Yieh Ho, PhD, MPH; Deron Galusha, MS; Andrea Timashenka, JD; Erin N. Grace, MHA; Darryl Marshall, BS; Sheila Eckenrode, MA, RN; Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, SM
Large Language Model Responses to Adolescent Patient and Proxy Messages
Authors: Gabriel Tse, Aydin Zahedivash, Arash Anoshiravani, Jennifer Carlson, William Haberkorn, Keith E. Morse
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study assesses a language model’s ability to discern between messages from adolescent patients and those from their parents/guardians and subsequently generate appropriate responses.
Day Care Attendance and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Susanna Tall, Suvi M. Virtanen, Mikael Knip
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance A meta-analysis published in 2001 suggested that exposure to infections measured by day care attendance may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Several new studies on the topic have since been published. Objective To investigate the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes and to include all available literature up to March 10, 2024. Data Sources Data from PubMed and Web of Science were used and supplemented by bibliographies of the retrieved articles and searched for studies assessing the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes. Study Selection Studies that reported a measure of association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Details, including exposure and outcome assessment and adjustment for confounders, were extracted from the included studies. The multivariable association with the highest number of covariates, lowest number of covariates, and unadjusted estimates and corresponding 95% CIs were extracted. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analyses were performed and yielded conservative confidence intervals around relative risks. Main Outcomes and Measures The principal association measure was day care attendance vs no day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes. Results Seventeen articles including 22 observational studies of 100 575 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the participants, 3693 had type 1 diabetes and 96 882 were controls. An inverse association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes was found (combined odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.58-0.79; P &amp;amp;lt; .001; adjusted for all available confounders). When the 3 cohort studies included were analyzed separately, the risk of type 1 diabetes was 15% lower in the group attending day care; however, the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.59-1.12; P = .37). Conclusions and Relevance These results demonstrated that day care attendance appears to be associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. Increased contacts with microbes in children attending day care compared with children who do not attend day care may explain these findings. However, further prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm the proposed association.
Kidney Transplant Outcomes From Donors Who Received Dialysis
Authors: Rogério da Hora Passos, Rafaella Maria da Cunha Lyrio, Giselle Guerra
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Kidney Transplant Outcomes From Donors Who Received Dialysis
Authors: Chengliang Yang, Scott J. Tebbutt
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Time Trends in the Burden of Environmental Heat and Cold Exposure Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Yi-Sheng He, Fan Cao, Xiao Hu, Yu-Chen Liu, Sha-Sha Tao, Peng Wang, Shengping Hou, Hai-Feng Pan
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Environmental heat and cold exposure (EHCE) remains the principal preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescents globally. Objective To report EHCE-related burden and analyze its temporal trends among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated cross-sectional study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, which encompassed 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years were included in the study. Data analysis occurred from December 2023 to March 2024. Exposure EHCE in children and adolescents from January 1990 to December 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were cases and rates of EHCE incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Global trends in these metrics were also analyzed by sex, age, and sociodemographic index (SDI), which is a comprehensive indicator of the socioeconomic status of a country or region. A linear regression model was used to calculate AAPCs and a joinpoint regression model was used to identify the years in which trends changed significantly. Results From 1990 to 2019, EHCE-related incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs showed a downward trend globally. However, an upward trend in EHCE incidence and prevalence was detected between 2010 and 2019 (incidence AAPC, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.05-1.87; prevalence AAPC, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.50). Regionally, although EHCE-related incidence showed a decreasing trend in most regions from 1990 to 2019, there were still some regions with an increasing trend (Southern sub-Saharan Africa AAPC, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44). In 2019, the mortality and DALYs of EHCE were higher among children and adolescents in countries with low SDI levels. Additionally, the burden of EHCE among children and adolescents varied according to sex and age. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, a global increase was observed in EHCE incidence and prevalence since 2010. Furthermore, children and adolescents in low-SDI regions, which bear the brunt of the climate crisis, were disproportionately impacted. This suggests that future responses to climate change crises should emphasize health equity, which implies that vulnerable populations, such as children and adolescents, should be given priority in the allocation of resources to address climate change.
CAR T Cells and T-Cell Therapies for Cancer
Authors: Jennifer N. Brudno, Marcela V. Maus, Christian S. Hinrichs
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are T lymphocytes that are genetically engineered to express a synthetic receptor that recognizes a tumor cell surface antigen and causes the T cell to kill the tumor cell. CAR T treatments improve overall survival for patients with large B-cell lymphoma and progression-free survival for patients with multiple myeloma.
Immediate or Delayed Statin in Acute Atherosclerotic Ischemia—Reply
Authors: Ying Gao, Yuesong Pan, Yilong Wang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Association of Echocardiographic Parameters and Health Status in Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Insights From EXPLORER-HCM
Authors: Suzanne V. Arnold, Kensey L. Gosch, Chantal Dolan, Jennifer T. Fine, Ahmad Masri, Sara Saberi, Andrew Wang, Perry M. Elliott, Sheila M. Hegde, Jenny Lam, Amy J. Sehnert, Sharon Cresci, Richard G. Bach, John A. Spertus
Journal: Circulation (2024)
2024 Recommendations on the Optimal Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Following Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Position Paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP)
Authors: Maciej Banach, Željko Reiner, Stanisław Surma, Gani Bajraktari, Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa, Matjaz Bunc, Ibadete Bytyçi, Richard Ceska, Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Dariusz Dudek, Krzysztof Dyrbuś, Jan Fedacko, Zlatko Fras, Dan Gaita, Dov Gavish, Marek Gierlotka, Robert Gil, Ioanna Gouni-Berthold, Piotr Jankowski, Zoltán Járai, Jacek Jóźwiak, Niki Katsiki, Gustavs Latkovskis, Stefania Lucia Magda, Eduard Margetic, Roman Margoczy, Olena Mitchenko, Azra Durak-Nalbantic, Petr Ostadal, Gyorgy Paragh, Zaneta Petrulioniene, Francesco Paneni, Ivan Pećin, Daniel Pella, Arman Postadzhiyan, Anca Pantea Stoian, Matias Trbusic, Cristian Alexandru Udroiu, Margus Viigimaa, Dragos Vinereanu, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, Michal Vrablik, Dusko Vulic, Peter E. Penson
Journal: Drugs (2024)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and consequent acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are substantial contributors to morbidity and mortality across Europe. Fortunately, as much as two thirds of this disease's burden is modifiable, in particular by lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Current guidelines are based on the sound premise that, with respect to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), "lower is better for longer", and recent data have strongly emphasised the need for also "the earlier the better". In addition to statins, which have been available for several decades, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid (also as fixed dose combinations), and modulators of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9 inhibitors and inclisiran) are additionally very effective approaches to LLT, especially for those at very high and extremely high cardiovascular risk. In real life, however, clinical practice goals are still not met in a substantial proportion of patients (even in 70%). However, with the options we have available, we should render lipid disorders a rare disease. In April 2021, the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) published its first position paper on the optimal use of LLT in post-ACS patients, which complemented the existing guidelines on the management of lipids in patients following ACS, which defined a group of "extremely high-risk" individuals and outlined scenarios where upfront combination therapy should be considered to improve access and adherence to LLT and, consequently, the therapy's effectiveness. These updated recommendations build on the previous work, considering developments in the evidential underpinning of combination LLT, ongoing education on the role of lipid disorder therapy, and changes in the availability of lipid-lowering drugs. Our aim is to provide a guide to address this unmet clinical need, to provide clear practical advice, whilst acknowledging the need for patient-centred care, and accounting for often large differences in the availability of LLTs between countries.
Navigating Gatekeeping Challenges in Pediatric and Young Adult Palliative Oncology and End-of-Life Research
Authors: Prasanna Ananth, Jennifer M. Snaman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Participation in research offers families a sense of control and meaning in pediatric cancer care. Gatekeeping limits progress—collaboration is key. #PediatricOncology #PalliativeCare #Research #PallOnc #pedonc #hpm #hapc
Multi-task learning with cross-task consistency for improved depth estimation in colonoscopy
Authors: Pedro Esteban Chavarrias Solano, Andrew Bulpitt, Venkataraman Subramanian, Sharib Ali
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2024)

Colonoscopy screening is the gold standard procedure for assessing abnormalities in the colon and rectum, such as ulcers and cancerous polyps. Measuring the abnormal mucosal area and its 3D reconstruction can help quantify the surveyed area and objectively evaluate disease burden. However, due to the complex topology of these organs and variable physical conditions, for example, lighting, large homogeneous texture, and image modality estimating distance from the camera (aka depth) is highly challenging. Moreover, most colonoscopic video acquisition is monocular, making the depth estimation a non-trivial problem. While methods in computer vision for depth estimation have been proposed and advanced on natural scene datasets, the efficacy of these techniques has not been widely quantified on colonoscopy datasets. As the colonic mucosa has several low-texture regions that are not well pronounced, learning representations from an auxiliary task can improve salient feature extraction, allowing estimation of accurate camera depths. In this work, we propose to develop a novel multi-task learning (MTL) approach with a shared encoder and two decoders, namely a surface normal decoder and a depth estimator decoder. Our depth estimator incorporates attention mechanisms to enhance global context awareness. We leverage the surface normal prediction to improve geometric feature extraction. Also, we apply a cross-task consistency loss among the two geometrically related tasks, surface normal and camera depth. We demonstrate an improvement of 15.75% on relative error and 10.7% improvement on δ1.25 accuracy over the most accurate baseline state-of-the-art Big-to-Small (BTS) approach. All experiments are conducted on a recently released C3VD dataset, and thus, we provide a first benchmark of state-of-the-art methods on this dataset.
In subclinical AF, the benefit of apixaban vs. aspirin on stroke or systemic embolism trended higher with CHA<sub>2</sub>DS<sub>2</sub>-VASc &gt;4
Authors: Giulio Francesco Romiti, Giovanni Talerico
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Lopes RD, Granger CB, Wojdyla DM, et al.
Effect of Weight Loss Interventions on the Symptomatic Burden and Biomarkers of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Jadine Scragg, Alice Hobson, Lia Willis, Kathryn S. Taylor, Sharon Dixon, Susan A. Jebb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common in women of reproductive age and is associated with obesity. Clinical guidelines recommend weight loss, but the impact on the clinical manifestations of PCOS is unclear.
Response of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Expressing Prostate Cancer to Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
Authors: Coen J. Lap, Rithika Rajendran, Jose Manuel Martin, Manisha Uppal, Asha Escobar, Angela M. Heiraty, Fayez Estephan, Winnie Hahn, Ramesh Subrahmanyam, Victor E. Nava, Maneesh Jain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)
Ensuring Safe Practice by Late Career Physicians: Institutional Policies and Implementation Experiences
Authors: Andrew A. White, Thomas H. Gallagher, Paulina H. Osinska, Daniel B. Kramer, Kelly Davis Garrett, Michelle M. Mello
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Late career physicians (LCPs; physicians working beyond age 65 to 75 years) may be at higher risk for delivering unsafe care. To oversee LCPs, some health care organizations (HCOs) have adopted LCP policies requiring cognitive, physical, and practice performance screening assessments. Despite recent controversies, little is known about the content and implementation of such policies.
In adults with TBI and anemia, liberal vs. restrictive RBC transfusion did not reduce unfavorable neurologic outcomes by 10% at 6 mo
Authors: Albahi Malik, Greg S. Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Turgeon AF, Fergusson DA, Clayton L, et al; HEMOTION Trial Investigators on behalf of the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group, the Canadian Perioperative Anesthesia Clinical Trials Group, and the Canadian Traumatic Brain Injury Research Consortium.
In adults with BMI ≥27 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and CVD, but without diabetes, semaglutide reduced MACE, regardless of baseline HbA<sub>1c</sub> level
Authors: Doreen Zhu, William G. Herrington
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Lingvay I, Deanfield J, Kahn SE, et al; SELECT Trial Investigators.
Respiratory delivered vaccines: Current status and perspectives in rational formulation design
Authors: Lan Wu, Wenwen Xu, Huiyang Jiang, Mingshi Yang, Dongmei Cun
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

The respiratory tract is susceptible to various infections and can be affected by many serious diseases. Vaccination is one of the most promising ways that prevent infectious diseases and treatment of some diseases such as malignancy. Direct delivery of vaccines to the respiratory tract could mimic the natural process of infection and shorten the delivery path, therefore unique mucosal immunity at the first line might be induced and the efficiency of delivery can be high. Despite considerable attempts at the development of respiratory vaccines, the rational formulation design still warrants attention, i.e., how the formulation composition, particle properties, formulation type (liquid or solid), and devices would influence the immune outcome. This article reviews the recent advances in the formulation design and development of respiratory vaccines. The focus is on the state of the art of delivering antigenic compounds through the respiratory tract, overcoming the pulmonary bio-barriers, enhancing delivery efficiencies of respiratory vaccines as well as maintaining the stability of vaccines during storage and use. The choice of devices and the influence of deposition sites on vaccine efficiencies were also reviewed.