tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pubertal stage and panic attack history in sixth- and seventh-grade girls
Authors: C Hayward, J D Killen, L D Hammer, I F Litt, D M Wilson, B Simmonds, C B Taylor
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

Although the incidence of first panic attacks appears to peak during adolescence, little is known about which features of adolescence contribute to the risk of a first panic episode. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative importance of age and pubertal stage in explaining the occurrence of panic attacks in adolescents.From a school-based sample of sixth- and seventh-grade girls, 754 subjects completed both a structured clinical interview determining history of one or more panic episodes and a self-assessment of Tanner stages of pubertal development. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with panic attack history as the dependent variable and pubertal stage, age, and their interaction as the independent variables.A history of one or more four-symptom panic attacks was found in 5.3% of the girls (N = 40). After age was controlled for, pubertal stage was significantly related to panic attack history. At each age, higher rates of panic attacks were found in the more physically mature girls.Pubertal stage, after adjustment for the effects of age, appears to predict panic attack occurrence in young adolescent girls. Understanding the link between puberty and panic may offer clues regarding the onset and etiology of panic attacks.
Medicine and books: A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Authors: John Fox
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Diana Kuh, Yoav Ben-Shlomo 

Oxford University Press, £45, pp 317 

ISBN 0 19 2627821 

The 20th century has seen a remarkable shift in the health of populations in industrialised countries. For example, life expectancy in England and Wales has risen from 48.5 years in men and 52.4 years in women in 1901 to 74.4 and 79.6 years respectively in 1996. The main causes of death in 1901 were bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumonia; in 1996 they were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pneumonia. 

Changes of this size imply that different factors influence health today from at the start of the century. They also impact on what we think is important. And yet some of the key scientific questions seem to remain the same. Is nature or nurture more important? Are the patterns we observe in our society a function of socioeconomic environment or do they simply reflect the survival of the fittest? However, perhaps we fool ourselves by formulating the questions in such a “simple” way. 

Recent developments in genetics and a growing body of research on disordered developmental programming in the fetus have again focused epidemiological attention on the earliest stages of life. They have led people to raise again questions about nature versus nurture. In A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology the authors systematically review the evidence used to support the emphasis on prenatal exposure as opposed to exposure in infancy. They show that how we think about health, and in particular how we view the wider world, influences and is influenced by the methods that we use. This is apparent from the classifications epidemiologists use to characterise causes of death and social groups. It is also evident from research design. 

Recent research, both on effects of prenatal exposures and early life influences, draws on the interrelation of information collected about individuals at different stages of their lives. A growing body of data on large population samples has been used to conduct complex analyses, integrating information before and after critical periods in different parts of the population and at different times. The authors’ careful analysis of the evidence in relation to diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, respiratory disease, and allergies supports a life course approach. The argument is further strengthened by discussion of different biological and social processes and patterns in different social and geographical groups and over time. 

The book’s conclusion, that biological and social chains of risk can be broken at several stages of life and that treatment for people at high risk should be targeted to those times when change is most likely, will be supported by most chronic disease epidemiologists. The conclusion is of major importance to public health policy. It reinforces the need for a life course strategy, with attention being paid to the mother, baby, child, adolescent, adult, and elderly person.
Identification of polymorphisms in the TAFI gene promoter: Relationship with plasma TAFI levels and risk of venous thrombosis.
Authors: R. F. Franco, M. G. Fagundes, Jcm Meijers, P. H. Reitsma, D. M. Lourenco, V. M. Morelli, Francisco Humberto de Abreu Maffei, C. E. Piccinato, W. A. Silva, M. A. Zago
Journal: Blood (2000)
THE INTERNIST AT WAR; A GLANCE AT THE RECORD
Authors: Hugh J. Morgan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

Article1 June 1944THE INTERNIST AT WAR; A GLANCE AT THE RECORDHUGH J. MORGAN, F.A.C.P.HUGH J. MORGAN, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-20-6-881 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe military aspect of this program has a natural, vital appeal to us and we are fortunate to have men on it whose accomplishments and whose experience in the field mark them as experts in the topics they have and will discuss. From Colonel Holbrook we have heard of the accomplishments of our Army Air Forces in the important field of evacuation. We hear much, too, of the achievements of our surgical colleagues—their extraordinary accomplishments on the battlefield and in the surgical hospitals behind the fighting fronts. We are duly impressed by their ability to save lives which in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: U. S. Army Office of The Surgeon General*An address delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American College of Physicians, Chicago, Illinois, March 31, 1944. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIncidence of acute coronary artery occlusion 1 June 1944Volume 20, Issue 6Page: 881-883KeywordsArmed forces Issue Published: 1 June 1944 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1944, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 11371: Comprehensive Genetic Approach for Congenital Heart Disease Revealed Sequence Variants in Genes Encoding Cardiac Transcription Factors
Authors: Kazuki Kodo, Tsutomu Nishizawa, Toshio Nakanishi, Rumiko Matsuoka, Hiroyuki Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Congenital heart defects (CHD) occur in nearly 1% of all live births and are the major cause of infant mortality and morbidity. Although the underlying genetic etiology of CHD, especially the non-s...
HYPOGLYCEMIA IN NEUROPSYCHIATRY
Authors: Myer Teitelbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

ExcerptINTRODUCTIONThe neuropsychiatrie manifestations of hypoglycemia have been described in the literature. Duncan1 reported the case of a 19-year old girl who complained of attacks of vertigo and headaches. There had been spells of weakness and one morning she became emotionally upset and lost consciousness. A pancreatic adenoma was removed at operation, this having been a case of organic hyperinsulinism.Conn,2in his excellent monograph on the spontaneous hypoglycemias, reported a case of multiple pancreatic islet cell adenomata, the manifestations having been an "aura" of epigastric discomfort and numbness of the lips and the extremities, followed by a peculiar, fixed,...
Abstract 1603: Statins Pleiotropically Mitigate LOX-1 and Cav-1 by Upregulating Hemeoxygenase-1/HSP-90 for e-NOS Phosphorylation and Reduced Ventricular Remodeling during Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Suresh Varma Penumathsa, Srikanth Koneru, Hajime Otani, Gautam Maulik, Nilanjana Maulik
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Statin based lowering of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been considered as one of the major factors of cardiovascular risk reduction. Independent of lipid lowering, statins up-regulates the endothelial nitric oxide production through caveolin-1 (Cav-1) downregulation. The novel receptor, lectin like Ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) is known to bind, internalize and degrade Ox-LDL for its action. This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism of statin mediated Cav-1 &amp; LOX-1 regulation. Rats were randomized into: control (normal diet); HC (5% high cholesterol diet for 8 weeks) and HC + Pravastatin (S) (1mg/kg) administered orally for 2 weeks (HCS). Statin reduced the cholesterol, LDL &amp; increased the HDL levels compared to non-treated HC. Hearts were subjected to permanent left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (MI). LV functions by echocardiography was examined 30 days after MI. Decreased LV inner diameter (7.4 vs 9 mm), increased ejection fraction (47 vs 39 %) and fractional shortening (25 vs 20 %) was observed in HCS compared to HC. Cav-1, LOX-1 protein expression was upregulated in HC (2, 1.8 fold) compared to control which were decreased to 1.2 and 1.1 fold on statin treatment. We have observed in HCS increased Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1, 1.9 fold), HSP-90 expression (1.7 fold) and phosphorylation of eNOS (p-eNOS) by 1.6 fold whereas in HC 0.4, 0.5 and 0.4 fold respectively as compared to control. Over expression of HO-1 and HSP-90 by statin treatment might have facilitated for the stimulated displacement of eNOS from Cav-1 for its activation. Further to examine how HO-1 and HSP-90 regulate the eNOS activation we have generated cardiac specific HO-1 over expressed mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of HO-1 mice clearly demonstrated decreased Cav-1-eNOS interaction and increased p-eNOS (1.8 fold) as shown by immunoblot analysis compared to wild type. Moreover, we observed increased HSP-90 (2 fold) which is known for the serine phosphorylation of eNOS. These results indicate for the first time; a novel mechanism of action by statins in regulation of the caveolar platform by Cav-1, LOX-1, HO-1/HSP-32 &amp; HSP-90 for eNOS activation which would be a novel treatment strategy to prevent HC mediated cardiovascular complications.
Clinical Outcomes Following Stent Thrombosis Occurring In-Hospital Versus Out-of-Hospital
Authors: George D. Dangas, Bimmer E. Claessen, Roxana Mehran, Sorin Brener, Bruce R. Brodie, Dariusz Dudek, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Jan Z. Peruga, Giulio Guagliumi, Jeffrey W. Moses, Alexandra J. Lansky, Ke Xu, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 9556: Role of Telomere in Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Hanrui Zhang, Junxi Wu, Jian Cui, Cuihua Zhang
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by shorter telomeres in peripheral blood cells. We examined telomere morphology and confirmed they are also shortened in the T2D vasculature and proceeded to investigate whether telomere shortening acts as a mechanism contributing to vascular complications under metabolic disorders. We hypothesized that vascular telomere dysfunction accelerates early vascular aging and leads to endothelial dysfunction in T2D. To test this, we examined the aortic endothelial function, the expression of telomere-associated proteins, telomerase activity, telomere length, and vascular apoptosis in the aortas of control mice (m Lepr db ) and T2D mice (Lepr db ) at 3 and 10 months of age (n=6 mice). The expression of telomere-associated protein TRF2 and telomerase activity were reduced, and telomeres were shortened in the aortas of 3-month and 10-month Lepr db vs. 3-month control mice. However, TRF2 expression, telomerase activity and telomere length were not altered in 10-month control mice. The aortic expression of apoptosis regulator Chk2, caspase 3/7 activity and apoptotic cell numbers were elevated in 3-month and 10-month Lepr db , but not in 10-month control mice. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of aortas was impaired in 3-month and 10-month Lepr db , but was normal in 10-month control mice. The aortic endothelial function, telomerase activity and telomere length were not statistically different between 3-month and 10-month Lepr db , suggesting an early vascular aging in type 2 diabetic mice. In cultured mouse coronary artery endothelial cells, incubation at high glucose concentration (30 mmol/L) for 48 hours significantly reduced the mRNA expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), supporting the potential role of hyperglycemia in telomere malfunction. We postulated that decreased telomere-associated protein expression and reduced telomerase activity lead to telomere shortening, which is a marker of telomere malfunction. Telomere malfunction contributes to the vascular apoptosis and impairs vasodilatory response in type 2 diabetic mice. In conclusion, telomere dysfunction plays an important role in diabetes-associated early vascular aging and endothelial dysfunction.
Abstract 028: The Global Impact of Sodium Consumption on Cardiovascular Mortality: A Global, Regional, and National Comparative Risk Assessment
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Saman Fahimi, Gitanjali Singh, Renata Micha, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Goodarz Danaei, Majid Ezzati, Stephen Lim, John Powles
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background.  Although sodium (Na) intake increases blood pressure (BP) and is thought to be high in many nations, the global impact of excess Na on BP related CVD is unknown.   Methods.  As part of the 2010 Global Burden of Diseases study, we established a comprehensive compilation of data on Na intake by age, sex, country, and time. From 2007 to 2012, we identified and extracted data from direct contacts on 247 national and subnational surveys worldwide, including 143 of 24-hour urine Na and 104 of estimated dietary Na, in sum representing 66 countries and 74.1% of the world population. We evaluated and adjusted for comparability, assessment methods, and representativeness, and imputed missing values using a Bayesian hierarchical model. We quantified BP effects of Na, including interaction by age, hypertension, and race, in a new meta-analysis of 107 RCTs. Effects of systolic BP on CVD were quantified from large prospective cohorts. Country, age, sex, and cause-specific deaths were obtained from WHO. Impacts of current Na intakes were quantified using comparative risk assessment, vs. a potential optimal intake of 1000 mg/d (2.5 g/d salt), by age, sex, and country.   Findings.  In 2010, mean global Na intake was 4.0 g/d, with regional means ranging from 2.2 to 5.6 g/d. 1.38M (95% CI 0.9, 1.5M) CVD deaths were attributable to excess Na in 2010, 45% due to CHD, 46% to stroke, and 9% other CVD. 55% of these deaths were in men; 45% in women. >80% of deaths were in low and mid-income countries. Among the top 30 most populous nations, highest mortality due to Na was seen in Ukraine (1163 deaths per million adult population), Russia (1006), and China (505); highest proportional mortality in Thailand (18.5% of all CVD deaths attributable to excess Na), China (17.6%), and Korea (17.4%) (Figure). Findings by age and sex will be shown.   Conclusions.  These findings provide the most robust evidence to-date on the global and country-specific impact of excess Na on CVD, directly informing priorities for prevention efforts and policies to reduce global deaths.
Bone matrix turnover and balance in vitro
Authors: Barry Flanagan, George Nichols
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The rates of both formation and resorption of bone collagen may be accurately quantitated by kinetic analysis of hydroxyproline metabolism in vitro. Using this approach we have studied the changes in bone collagen turnover with age in the rat. The rates of synthesis and resorption of collagen decline with age although the resorptive activity per cell increases up to 6 months of age. The solubility of collagen declines with age. The fraction of the newly synthesized collagen which is deposited as matrix declines dramatically with age revealing a new and hitherto unsuspected aspect of the osteoporotic process. The collagen balance becomes progressively more negative over the 1st 6 months of life. These results indicate that even in an animal who is not subject to clinical osteoporosis, biochemical measurement reveals that such a trend exists. The application of this approach to human subjects is feasible and has important implications.
Gastro-intestinal Troubles That Now Go Undiagnosed
Authors: Walter C. Alvarez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 July 1930Gastro-intestinal Troubles That Now Go UndiagnosedWALTER C. ALVAREZ, M.D.WALTER C. ALVAREZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-1-39 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor years I have been distressed at my inability to label with the usual textbook tags a considerable number of the patients who complain of indigestion or abdominal distress. Some of the fault is doubtless mine but much of it I feel sure is due to the fact that as yet the textbooks have not supplied me with all the tags I need. "Authorities" are notoriously conservative, and particularly so when it comes to the classification and naming of disease. For years the surgeon with his exploring knife has been playing havoc with old ideas; he has shown that cholecystitis...Bibliography FREEMAN L: Chronic, non-specific enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes, as related to surgery. Ann. Surg., 1929, xc, 618-630. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Medicine The Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota*Read at the Fourteenth Annual Clinical Session of the American College of Physicians, Minneapolis, Minnesota, February 10, 1930. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1930Volume 4, Issue 1Page: 39-53KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologySurgeons ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P380: Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children
Authors: Stephanie J Frisbee, Jefferson C Frisbee, Alan M Ducatman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has been well documented and is predictive of an increased severity in obesity-related CVD risk factors and metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study determined the association between obesity and risk for altered liver function and NAFLD in 12,476 children (≤18 years) enrolled in the C8 Health Project, which resulted from pretrial settlement of a class action lawsuit pursuant to contamination of the drinking water supply (Frisbee et al, 2009). In this population, 48% were female, median age and BMI percentile were 11.6 years and 76, respectively, with 39.8% classified as overweight (OWT) or obese (OB). Seven serum biomarkers of liver function (ALT, AST, total (bili-t) &amp; direct (bili-d) bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AlkPhos), GGT, &amp; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were available for 10,543 children. Based on prior categorization (Schwimmer et al, 2005), ALT or AST≥40IU/L were considered indicative of NAFLD. In linear regression adjusted for age, gender, SES (socio-economic status) and non-HDL cholesterol, BMI (z score) was significantly associated with all liver biomarkers (b coefficient±SE/adj R-square): ALT (1.6±0.1/6.6%); AST (-0.3±0.1/17.8%); bili-d (-0.002±0.0004/16.8%); bili-t (-0.01±0.002/9.4%); AlkPhos (-4.3±0.8/27.7%); GGT (1.0±0.1/18.0%); LDH (2.4±0.3/44.6%). Results for logistic regression assessing for NAFLD risk based on OWT or OB are shown Table 1. Overall, there was a stronger association between NAFLD risk with increasing BMI for ALT compared to AST (2-6 fold compared to insignificant risk). This pattern was similar for girls and boys. Interestingly, age stratified analysis revealed that obesity was slightly protective from AST-defined NAFLD in younger age groups, but this reversed in older ages. OWT and OB were associated with increased ALT-defined NAFLD, particularly in older ages. These results suggest a complex, non-linear and age-dependent association between obesity and NAFLD in children. Obesity and Risk for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease OR (95%CI) for ALT &gt;=40 IU/L OR (95% CI) for AST &gt;=40 IU/L Total Population OWT: 2.0 (1.3-3.0)/OB: 5.9 (4.2-8.1) NSS Gender Stratified Female OWT: 2.2 (1.2-4.3)/OB: 4.7 (2.7-8.1) NSS Male OWT: 1.9 (1.1-3.3)/OB: 6.6 (4.4-10.0) NSS Age Group Stratified &lt; 5 Yrs NSS OWT: 0.2 (0.1-0.7)/OB: 0.3 (0.1-0.5) 5-9.9 Yrs OWT: NSS/OB: 3.6 (1.3-9.9) OWT: NSS/OB: 0.5 (0.3-0.9) 10-14.9 Yrs OWT: NSS/OB: 7.0 (4.3-11.1) OWT: NSS/OB: 2.4 (1.4-4.1) 15-17.9 Yrs OWT: 2.2 (1.2-4.0)/OB: 5.3 (3.2-8.6) NSS Models adjusted for age (except age stratified), gender (except gender stratified), SES,&amp;non-HDL c
Probenecid prevents acute tubular necrosis in a mouse model of aristolochic acid nephropathy
Authors: Thomas Baudoux, Agnieszka Pozdzik, A. Volker, Jean-Michel Hougardy, Eric De Prez, Nathalie Quellard, Jean-Michel Goujon, Joëlle Nortier
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2011)
ADDRESS AT THE ANNUAL CONVOCATION OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
Authors: Ernest B. Bradley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 June 1937ADDRESS AT THE ANNUAL CONVOCATION OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANSERNEST B. BRADLEY, F.A.C.P.ERNEST B. BRADLEY, F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-12-1739 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt seems impossible that you should have chosen me, even for one year, to be the President of the American College of Physicians. No greater distinction could come to any man engaged in the practice of Internal Medicine. To me the honor is almost overpowering. All preceding presidents, with possibly one exception, have been teachers and professors of medicine, and even the one exception was a nationally known internist, who came from a great medical center. I could not claim such qualifications. To explain my selection I decided that your Board of Regents and the Nominating Committee felt it was... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lexington, Kentucky*Presented at the St. Louis meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 19, 1937. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1937Volume 10, Issue 12Page: 1739-1745 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1937 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1937, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...