tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of ambient air pollution on lung function in preterm-born school-aged children
Authors: William John Watkins, Christopher William Course, Michael Cousins, Kylie Hart, Sarah J Kotecha, Sailesh Kotecha
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Rationale Increased outdoor air pollution worsens lung function in children. However, these associations are less well studied in preterm-born individuals. Objectives We assessed associations between ambient air pollutants and spirometry measures in preterm-born children. Methods The Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates study recruited preterm-born children aged 7–12 years who were born at ≤34 week's gestation. We associated four ambient air pollutants (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ), PM 10 , nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) and sulfur dioxide) at time of birth and spirometry assessment and averaged exposure between these two time points with spirometry measures, using linear regression analyses. Gestational age was banded into 23–28, 29–31 and 32–34 week's. Regression models estimated spirometry values against pollutant levels at birth and at the time of spirometry. Measurements and main results From 565 preterm-born children, 542 (96%) had satisfactory data. After adjustments for early and current life factors, significant detrimental associations were noted between PM 10 at birth and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) for the 23–28 and 29–31 week's gestation groups and between current PM 2.5 and NO 2 exposure and %FVC for the 23–28 week's gestation group. No associations with spirometry were noted for the averaged pollution exposure between birth and spirometry. Predictive models showed 5.9% and 7.4% differences in %FVC between the highest and lowest current pollution exposures for PM 2.5 and NO 2, respectively, in the 23–28 week group. Conclusions Birth and current exposures to road-traffic-associated pollutants detrimentally affected %FVC in preterm-born school-aged children, who already have compromised lung function.
Development and Validation of a Prediction Model of Outcome After B-Cell Maturation Antigen-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Nico Gagelmann, Danai Dima, Maximilian Merz, Hamza Hashmi, Nausheen Ahmed, Natalia Tovar, Aina Oliver-Caldés, Friedrich Stölzel, Kristin Rathje, Luise Fischer, Patrick Born, Lisa Schäfer, Anca-Maria Albici, Natalie Schub, Shlomit Kfir-Erenfeld, Miri Assayag, Nathalie Asherie, Gerald Georg Wulf, Soraya Kharboutli, Fabian Müller, Leyla Shune, James A. Davis, Faiz Anwer, Vladan Vucinic, Uwe Platzbecker, Francis Ayuk, Nicolaus Kröger, Jack Khouri, Carmelo Gurnari, Joseph McGuirk, Polina Stepensky, Al-Ola Abdallah, Carlos Fernández de Larrea
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Although chimeric antigen receptor T therapy (CAR-T) cells are an established therapy for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), there are no established models predicting outcome to identify patients who may benefit the most from CAR-T.
Extensive splanchnic vein thrombosis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A Vascular Liver Disease Group (VALDIG) initiative
Authors: Raoel Maan, Mandy N. Lauw, Loise China, David Patch, Anna Baiges, Juan Carlos Garcia-Pagan, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Marie-Noelle Hilleret, Eric T. Tjwa, Ilias Kounis, Christophe Bureau, Baptiste Giguet, Alexandra Heurgué, Isabelle Ollivier-Hourmand, Xavier Causse, Filipe Nery, Ahad Eshraghian, Aurélie Plessier, Sarwa Darwish Murad
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Since the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, several cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) have been described, especially cerebral vein thrombosis. We aimed to retrospectively collect all new cases of acute onset first or recurrent splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) following a recent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination within the Vascular Liver Disease Group network. Approach and Results: New cases of SVT were identified from April 2021 to April 2022; follow-up was completed on December 31, 2022. Criteria to define VITT were derived from previous studies. Data from a pre-COVID cohort of patients with SVT (N=436) were used for comparison of clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome. Twenty-nine patients were identified with SVT occurring with a median of 11 days (range 2–76) after the first (48%), second (41%), or third (10%) vaccination (ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (n=12) or BNT162b2 (n=14), other (n=3) Only 2 patients(7%) fulfilled criteria for definite VITT. Twenty (69%) had SVT at multiple sites, including 4 (14%) with concomitant extra-abdominal thrombosis. Only 28% had an underlying prothrombotic condition, compared to 52% in the pre-COVID SVT cohort ( p =0.01). Five patients (17%) underwent bowel resection for mesenteric ischemia, compared with 3% in pre-COVID SVT ( p &lt;0.001). Two patients died shortly after diagnosis (7%). Conclusions: Although definite VITT was rare, in 72% of cases, no other cause for SVT could be identified following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. These cases were different from patients with nonvaccine–related SVT, with lower incidence of prothrombotic conditions, higher rates of bowel ischemia, and poorer outcome. Although SVT after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is rare in absolute terms, these data remain relevant considering ongoing revaccination programs.
Indirect impact of childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in Canadian older adults: a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) retrospective observational study
Authors: Sharifa Nasreen, Jun Wang, Fawziah Marra, Jeffrey C Kwong, Allison McGeer, Manish Sadarangani, Sarah E Wilson, Shaza A Fadel
Journal: Thorax (2024)

13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has been part of publicly funded childhood immunisation programmes in Ontario and British Columbia (BC) since 2010. We assessed the indirect impact of infant PCV13 programmes on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and all-cause pneumonia hospitalisation in older adults (aged ≥65 years) using a retrospective observational study.
Effectiveness and safety of telehealth medication abortion in the USA
Authors: Ushma D. Upadhyay, Leah R. Koenig, Karen Meckstroth, Jennifer Ko, Ena Suseth Valladares, M. Antonia Biggs
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Abstract Telehealth abortion has become critical to addressing surges in demand in states where abortion remains legal but evidence on its effectiveness and safety is limited. California Home Abortion by Telehealth (CHAT) is a prospective study that follows pregnant people who obtained medication abortion via telehealth from three virtual clinics operating in 20 states and Washington, DC between April 2021 and January 2022. Individuals were screened using a standardized no-test protocol, primarily relying on their medical history to assess medical eligibility. We assessed effectiveness, defined as complete abortion after 200 mg mifepristone and 1,600 μg misoprostol (or lower) without additional intervention; safety was measured by the absence of serious adverse events. We estimated rates using multivariable logistic regression and multiple imputation to account for missing data. Among 6,034 abortions, 97.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 97.2–98.1%) were complete without subsequent known intervention or ongoing pregnancy after the initial treatment. Overall, 99.8% (99.6–99.9%) of abortions were not followed by serious adverse events. In total, 0.25% of patients experienced a serious abortion-related adverse event, 0.16% were treated for an ectopic pregnancy and 1.3% abortions were followed by emergency department visits. There were no differences in effectiveness or safety between synchronous and asynchronous models of care. Telehealth medication abortion is effective, safe and comparable to published rates of in-person medication abortion care.
Lung transcriptome of e-cigarette users reveals changes related to chronic lung disease
Authors: Biniam Kidane, Shana Kahnamoui, Sadeesh Srinathan, Richard Liu, Lawrence Tan, Melanie Morris, Anna Shawyer, Andrew J. Halayko, Christopher D. Pascoe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Approximately 1-in-10 adolescents use e-cigarette devices, with 25% reporting daily use [1]. Most youth who vape have never used traditional cigarettes, creating an emerging epidemic of nicotine addiction fueled by use of e-cigarettes [2]. Public perception is that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes, a belief that may be fueled, in part, by a handful of tobacco industry-funded studies reporting null results in cells or animals, replicating past misinformation campaigns about traditional cigarettes [3]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Pierre-Régis Burgel reports support for the present manuscript from Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Société Française de la Mucoviscidose, Filière Maladie Rare Muco CFTR. In addition, Pierre-Régis Burgel reports grants from Vertex Pharmaceuticals, GSK; consulting fees from Astra Zeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Insmed, Vertex, Viatris, Zambon; travel support Astra Zeneca, Chiesi; outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: No conflicts to report. Research funded by a grant from the Canadian Institute for Health Research (CIHR HEV-172883).
Funding Population-based Cohorts: Still Relevant for Respiratory Epidemiology in the Era of Big Data
Authors: William Checkley, John R. Hurst, Robert A. Wise
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Funding Population-based Cohorts: Still Relevant for Respiratory Epidemiology in the Era of Big Data." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Shift-Level Team Familiarity Is Associated with Improved Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Adults
Authors: Deena K. Costa, Olga Yakusheva, Lara Khadr, Hannah C. Ratliff, Kathryn A. Lee, Michael Sjoding, Jose Victor Jimenez, Deanna J. Marriott
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Organizing ICU interprofessional teams is a high priority because of workforce needs, but the role of interprofessional familiarity remains unexplored.
Haemodynamic phenotypes of pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: a moving target
Authors: Christian Gerges, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Irene M. Lang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Left heart disease (LHD) is the most common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH) worldwide [1]. PH-LHD results from the upstream transmission of elevated left atrial pressure (LAP) and is associated with global pulmonary vascular remodeling of various degrees involving mainly pulmonary veins, but also capillaries and pulmonary arteries [2–4]. Morphological changes of the pulmonary vasculature in PH-LHD have been well described since the 1950s in patients with severe mitral stenosis. While pulmonary vascular remodeling was generally mild in the majority of cases, severe pulmonary vascular disease was observed in 13–28% of patients [3, 5]. Recent histological studies in PH-LHD cohorts confirm that pre-capillary pulmonary vascular remodeling, which shares similarities with pulmonary arterial hypertension (without plexiform lesions), is rare occurring in approximately ∼15% of cases [2, 4]. In these cases, the increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) may be out-of-proportion to LAP exceeding the 1:1 ratio as predicted by the PVR equation [6]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the European Respiratory Journal . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJ online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of Interest: Jonathan Grigg reports lecture honoraria from GSK; outside the submitted work. Conflict of Interest: Dr Gerges has received compensation for scientific symposia from AstraZeneca, AOP-Health, Cordis, Janssen and MSD, speaker fees from AOP-Health, AstraZeneca, Janssen and Ferrer, and an educational grant from AOP-Health. Conflict of Interest: Dr Montani has received speaker fees from Bayer, Janssen and MSD, consultancy fees from Acceleron, Janssen and MSD, and research grants from Acceleron, Janssen and MSD. Conflict of Interest: Dr Humbert has received speaker fees from Janssen and MSD, consultancy fees from Acceleron, Aerovate, Altavant, AOP-Health, Bayer, Chiesi, Ferrer, Janssen, MSD, MorphogenIX, Shou Ti, Tiakis and United Therapuetics, research grants from Acceleron, AOP-Health, Janssen, MSD and Shou Ti, and has served as an advisory board member for Acceleron, Altavant, Janssen, MSD and United Therapeutics. Conflict of Interest: Dr Lang has relationships with drug companies including AOP-Health, Actelion-Janssen, MSD, United Therapeutics, Medtronic, and Neutrolis. In addition to being investigator in trials involving these companies, relationships include consultancy service, research grants, and membership of scientific advisory boards.
Longitudinal Lower Airway Microbial Signatures of Acute Cellular Rejection in Lung Transplantation
Authors: Jake G. Natalini, Kendrew K. Wong, Nathaniel C. Nelson, Benjamin G. Wu, Darya Rudym, Melissa B. Lesko, Seema Qayum, Tyler C. Lewis, Adrian Wong, Stephanie H. Chang, Justin C. Y. Chan, Travis C. Geraci, Yonghua Li, Chan Wang, Huilin Li, Prerna Pamar, Joseph Schnier, Ian J. Mahoney, Tahir Malik, Fares Darawshy, Imran Sulaiman, Matthias C. Kugler, Rajbir Singh, Destiny E. Collazo, Miao Chang, Shrey Patel, Yaa Kyeremateng, Colin McCormick, Clea R. Barnett, Jun-Chieh J. Tsay, Shari B. Brosnahan, Shivani Singh, Harvey I. Pass, Luis F. Angel, Leopoldo N. Segal
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Acute cellular rejection (ACR) after lung transplant is a leading risk factor for chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Prior studies have demonstrated dynamic microbial changes occurring within the allograft and gut that influence local adaptive and innate immune responses. However, the lung microbiome's overall impact on ACR risk remains poorly understood.
Machine Learning to Allocate Palliative Care Consultations During Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jiang Chen He, Gordon Taylor Moffat, Sho Podolsky, Ferhana Khan, Ning Liu, Nathan Taback, Steven Gallinger, Breffni Hannon, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Kelvin K.W. Chan, Robert C. Grant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE For patients with advanced cancer, early consultations with palliative care (PC) specialists reduce costs, improve quality of life, and prolong survival. However, capacity limitations prevent all patients from receiving PC shortly after diagnosis. We evaluated whether a prognostic machine learning system could promote early PC, given existing capacity. METHODS Using population-level administrative data in Ontario, Canada, we assembled a cohort of patients with incurable cancer who received palliative-intent systemic therapy between July 1, 2014, and December 30, 2019. We developed a machine learning system that predicted death within 1 year of each treatment using demographics, cancer characteristics, treatments, symptoms, laboratory values, and history of acute care admissions. We trained the system in patients who started treatment before July 1, 2017, and evaluated the potential impact of the system on PC in subsequent patients. RESULTS Among 560,210 treatments received by 54,628 patients, death occurred within 1 year of 45.2% of treatments. The machine learning system recommended the same number of PC consultations observed with usual care at the 60.0% 1-year risk of death, with a first-alarm positive predictive value of 69.7% and an outcome-level sensitivity of 74.9%. Compared with usual care, system-guided care could increase early PC by 8.5% overall (95% CI, 7.5 to 9.5; P &lt; .001) and by 15.3% (95% CI, 13.9 to 16.6; P &lt; .001) among patients who live 6 months beyond their first treatment, without requiring more PC consultations in total or substantially increasing PC among patients with a prognosis exceeding 2 years. CONCLUSION Prognostic machine learning systems could increase early PC despite existing resource constraints. These results demonstrate an urgent need to deploy and evaluate prognostic systems in real-time clinical practice to increase access to early PC.
Anastomotic biliary stricture after orthotopic liver transplantation: what can we propose after failure of classic ERCP technique to cannulate the stricture?
Authors: Pierre Mayer, Pierre-Yves Christmann, Lucile Héroin, François Habersetzer
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for severe liver disease. Unfortunately, there are several complications associated with liver transplantation. Biliary complications occur in around 15%–30% of cases, with an estimated mortality rate of 10% [1] [2] [3].
Racial disparities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma accounting for small molecule inhibitors: A <scp>real‐world</scp> cohort analysis
Authors: Adam S. Kittai, Ying Hang, Seema A. Bhat, Abi Clark, Michael Grever, Joanna M. Rhodes, Melyssa Roberts, Kerry A. Rogers, Anna Teschemaker, Maria Munoz‐Sagastibelza, Jennifer A. Woyach, Jacqueline C. Barrientos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Kaplan-Meier curve depicting overall survival from CLL treatment start by race. For patients with CLL, no overall survival difference was observed between races in this real-world US database.
Splenic irradiation for myelofibrosis prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation: A global collaborative analysis
Authors: Nico Gagelmann, Gabriela S. Hobbs, Edoardo Campodonico, Grzegorz Helbig, Polona Novak, Thomas Schroeder, Artur Schneider, Christina Rautenberg, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Linette Bosques, Michael Heuser, Victoria Panagiota, Felicitas Thol, Carmelo Gurnari, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Fabio Ciceri, Kristin Rathje, Marie Robin, Simona Pagliuca, Marie‐Thérèse Rubio, Vanderson Rocha, Vaneuza Funke, Nelson Hamerschlak, Rachel Salit, Bart L. Scott, Fernando Duarte, Iwona Mitrus, Tomasz Czerw, Raffaella Greco, Nicolaus Kröger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Splenomegaly is the clinical hallmark of myelofibrosis. Splenomegaly at the time of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is associated with graft failure and poor graft function. Strategies to reduce spleen size before HCT especially after failure to Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition represent unmet clinical needs in the field. Here, we leveraged a global collaboration to investigate the safety and efficacy of splenic irradiation as part of the HCT platform for patients with myelofibrosis. We included 59 patients, receiving irradiation within a median of 2 weeks (range, 0.9–12 weeks) before HCT. Overall, the median spleen size prior to irradiation was 23 cm (range, 14–35). Splenic irradiation resulted in a significant and rapid spleen size reduction in 97% of patients (57/59), with a median decrease of 5.0 cm (95% confidence interval, 4.1–6.3 cm). The most frequent adverse event was thrombocytopenia, with no correlation between irradiation dose and hematological toxicities. The 3‐year overall survival was 62% (95% CI, 48%–76%) and 1‐year non‐relapse mortality was 26% (95% CI, 14%–38%). Independent predictors for survival were severe thrombocytopenia and anemia before irradiation, transplant‐specific risk score, higher‐intensity conditioning, and present portal vein thrombosis. When using a propensity score matching adjusted for common confounders, splenic irradiation was associated with significantly reduced relapse ( p = .01), showing a 3‐year incidence of 12% for splenic irradiation versus 29% for patients with immediate HCT and 38% for patients receiving splenectomy. In conclusion, splenic irradiation immediately before HCT is a reasonable approach in patients experiencing JAK inhibition failure and is associated with a low incidence of relapse.
Author Correction: The NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation
Authors: Susanna S. Ng, Fabian De Labastida Rivera, Juming Yan, Dillon Corvino, Indrajit Das, Ping Zhang, Rachel Kuns, Shashi Bhushan Chauhan, Jiajie Hou, Xian-Yang Li, Teija C. M. Frame, Benjamin A. McEnroe, Eilish Moore, Jinrui Na, Jessica A. Engel, Megan S. F. Soon, Bhawana Singh, Andrew J. Kueh, Marco J. Herold, Marcela Montes de Oca, Siddharth Sankar Singh, Patrick T. Bunn, Amy Roman Aguilera, Mika Casey, Matthias Braun, Nazanin Ghazanfari, Shivangi Wani, Yulin Wang, Fiona H. Amante, Chelsea L. Edwards, Ashraful Haque, William C. Dougall, Om Prakash Singh, Alan G. Baxter, Michele W. L. Teng, Alex Loukas, Norelle L. Daly, Nicole Cloonan, Mariapia A. Degli-Esposti, Jude Uzonna, William R. Heath, Tobias Bald, Siok-Keen Tey, Kyohei Nakamura, Geoffrey R. Hill, Rajiv Kumar, Shyam Sundar, Mark J. Smyth, Christian R. Engwerda
Journal: Nature Immunology (2024)

found that the original Figs.7e, 7h (upper panel) and 8a and Extended Data Fig. 5b (EO771 data only) were based on experiments for which no evidence of their conduct or primary data could be confirmed.As such, the data from the underlying experiments are believed to have been fabricated or are unreliable, respectively.The four panels have been removed from Figs. 7 and 8 and Extended Data Fig. 5 (see Supplementary Information for a list of edits and original article for comparison).The major finding of the paper that NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation remains unaffected.No concerns have been raised regarding other data in the paper.
Will the pandemic treaty make it over the line?
Authors: Clare Wenham, Mark Eccleston-Turner
Journal: BMJ (2024)

This is the question that is on the lips of many people working in global health as we enter into the final stretch of negotiations for a pandemic accord.Deliberations are taking place in the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB), which was tasked with drafting an instrument in an ambitious timeline of two years-considerably shorter than most international legal negotiations-with an assumption that the severity of covid-19 would inspire the world's governments to come together and seek a better path for preventing, preparing for, detecting, and responding to future pandemics.