tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deep learning HRNet FCN for blood vessel identification in laparoscopic pancreatic surgery
Authors: Jile Shi, Ruohan Cui, Zhihong Wang, Qi Yan, Lu Ping, Hu Zhou, Junyi Gao, Chihua Fang, Xianlin Han, Surong Hua, Wenming Wu
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Laparoscopic pancreatic surgery remains highly challenging due to the complexity of the pancreas and surrounding vascular structures, with risk of injuring critical blood vessels such as the Superior Mesenteric Vein (SMV)-Portal Vein (PV) axis and splenic vein. Here, we evaluated the High Resolution Network (HRNet)-Full Convolutional Network (FCN) model for its ability to accurately identify vascular contours and improve surgical safety. Using 12,694 images from 126 laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) videos and 35,986 images from 138 Whipple procedure videos, the model demonstrated robust performance, achieving a mean Dice coefficient of 0.754, a recall of 85.00%, and a precision of 91.10%. By combining datasets from LDP and Whipple procedures, the model showed strong generalization across different surgical contexts and achieved real-time processing speeds of 11 frames per second during surgery process. These findings highlight HRNet-FCN's potential to recognize anatomical landmarks, enhance surgical precision, reduce complications, and improve laparoscopic pancreatic outcomes.
Semaglutide impairs bioavailability of alectinib: a note of warning based on a cross‐over pharmacokinetic drug‐drug interaction study
Authors: Niels Heersche, Daan A. C. Lanser, Esther Oomen‐de Hoop, Attila Içli, Peter de Bruijn, Marthe S. Paats, Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum, Stijn L. W. Koolen, Ron H. N. van Schaik, Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans, G. D. Marijn Veerman, Ron H. J. Mathijssen
Journal: Cancer Communications (2025)
Randomized Controlled Trial of “Bounce Back Now,” a Mobile App to Reduce Post-Disaster Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Depressed Mood, and Sleep Disturbance
Authors: Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Arthur Andrews, Tatiana M. Davidson, Yulia Gavrilova, Brian E. Bunnell, Jennifer Dahne, Matthew Price, Zoe M.F. Brier, Gregory Cohen, Dean Kilpatrick, Ron Acierno, Sandro Galea
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2025)

There is tremendous public health interest in cost-efficient, scalable interventions to improve post-disaster mental health. The authors examined the efficacy of Bounce Back Now (BBN), a mobile application, versus an enhanced usual care app (EUC). A population-based trial was conducted with a diverse sample of 1,357 adults affected by Hurricane Harvey, Irma, Maria, Florence, or Michael in 2017 and 2018. Participants were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, had access to an Internet-accessible device, were English speaking, and lived in a hurricane-affected area. BBN is designed to address symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, and sleep disturbance using evidence-based techniques grounded in behavioral and cognitive principles. Depressive, posttraumatic stress, and sleep symptoms were measured. Participants' accessing of the BBN and EUC apps was similar. Active engagement was significantly greater among BBN users than EUC users (d=0.31), but BBN users engaged more actively in coping skills activities than in more time-intensive elements designed to promote behavior change. Moderate symptom reduction was observed in both conditions; Cohen's d values for the 3-month postbaseline assessment ranged from 0.49 to 0.60 in the BBN condition and from 0.36 to 0.41 in the EUC condition. Latent change models revealed that BBN users had significantly greater reductions in depression, sleep difficulty, and PTSD symptoms than EUC users, and these differences were maintained at the 6-month and 12-month postbaseline assessments. Population impact is driven by reach and effectiveness. The potential reach of BBN is high, which heightens opportunity for population-level impact, but per-user symptom reduction was modest. Per-user impact may be improved by embedding digital health resources in the context of a broader health care strategy.
An Update on Psychotherapy for the Treatment of PTSD
Authors: Barbara Olasov Rothbaum, Laura E. Watkins
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2025)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are part of the normal response to trauma. Most trauma survivors will recover over time without intervention, but a significant minority will develop chronic PTSD, which is unlikely to remit without intervention. Currently, only two medications, sertraline and paroxetine, are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat PTSD, and the combination of brexpiprazole and sertraline and MDMA-assisted therapy have FDA applications pending. These medications, and the combination of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, are not recommended as first-line treatments in any published PTSD treatment guidelines. The only interventions recommended as first-line treatments are trauma-focused psychotherapies; the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense PTSD treatment guideline recommends prolonged exposure (PE), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and the American Psychological Association PTSD treatment guideline recommends PE, CPT, cognitive therapy, and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. Although published clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy have not incorporated evidence-based PTSD psychotherapies, they have achieved greater response rates than other trials of combination treatment, and there is some enthusiasm about combining psychedelic medications with evidence-based psychotherapies. The state-of-the-art PTSD psychotherapies are briefly reviewed here, including their effects on clinical and neurobiological measures.
Psychotherapy Trends in the United States
Authors: Mark Olfson, Chandler McClellan, Samuel H. Zuvekas, Melanie Wall, Carlos Blanco
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2025)

The authors investigated recent national trends in outpatient mental health care and psychotherapy. Service data from four representative surveys of the U.S. household population, the 2018-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, were analyzed focusing on adults with outpatient mental health visits (N=17,821) including psychotherapy visits (N=6,415). The authors present trends in age, sex, and Kessler-6 distress adjusted percentages of mental health patients receiving psychotherapy only, psychotropic medications, or their combination. They describe mean annual number of psychotherapy visits of persons receiving psychotherapy; providers delivering psychotherapy; psychotherapy expenditures; and other characteristics. Among adults receiving outpatient mental health care, an increase occurred in use of only psychotherapy (11.5% and 15.4% in 2018 and 2021, respectively; age, sex, and distress adjusted difference=2.8%, 95% CI=0.6, 5.0), but not in psychotherapy and psychotropic medication together (20.8% and 22.5%; adjusted difference=1.3%, 95% CI=-0.7, 3.4), while use of only psychotropic medication declined (67.6% and 62.1%; adjusted difference=-4.5%, 95% CI=-6.9, -2.1). Increases occurred in psychotherapy visits per psychotherapy patient (means, 9.8 and 11.8; adjusted difference=2.1, 95% CI=0.6, 3.7) and total national psychotherapy expenditures ($30.8 and $51.0 billion in constant 2021 dollars, trend, p=0.03) with a decrease in patients receiving psychotherapy from psychiatrists (41.2%-34.2%, adjusted difference=-6.7%, 95% CI=-11.0, -2.4). Between 2018 and 2021, psychotherapy assumed a larger role in outpatient mental health care while psychotropic medication without psychotherapy, though the modal treatment, became less common. Psychiatrists provided psychotherapy to a decreasing percentage of mental health outpatients, which may have increased the need for psychiatrists to refer patients to and collaborate with non-physician psychotherapists.
Multi‑omics analysis identifies different molecular subtypes with unique outcomes in early-stage poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bing Liu, Wei Tao, Xuantong Zhou, Li-Di Xu, Yanrui Luo, Xin Yang, Qingjie Min, Miao Huang, Yuge Zhu, Xinrun Cui, Yaqi Wang, Tongyang Gong, Enli Zhang, Yu S Huang, Weizhi Chen, Shi Yan, Nan Wu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Early-stage poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is plagued by a high risk of postoperative recurrence, and its prognostic heterogeneity complicates treatment and surveillance planning. We conducted this integrative multi-omics study to identify those patients with a truly high risk of adverse outcomes. Whole-exome, RNA and whole methylome sequencing were carried out on 101 treatment-naïve early-stage poorly differentiated LUADs. Integrated analyses were conducted to disclose molecular characteristics and explore molecular subtyping. Functional validation of key molecules was carried out through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Recurrent tumors exhibited significantly higher ploidy (p = 0.024), the fraction of the genome altered (FGA, p = 0.042), and aneuploidy (p < 0.05) compared to non-recurrent tumors, as well as a higher frequency of CNVs. Additionally, recurrent tumors showed hypomethylation at both the global level and in CpG island regions. Integrative transcriptomic and methylation analyses identified three molecular subtypes (C1, C2, and C3), with the C1 subtype presenting the worst prognosis (p = 0.024). Although frequently mutated genes showed similar mutation frequencies across the three subtypes, the C1 subtype exhibited the highest tumor mutation burden (TMB), mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), aneuploidy, and HLA loss of heterozygosity (HLA-LOH), along with relatively lower immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, GINS1 and CPT1C were found to promote LUAD progression, and their high expression correlated with a poor prognosis. This multi-omics study identified three integrative subtypes with distinct prognostic implications, paving the way for more precise management and postoperative monitoring of early-stage poorly differentiated LUAD.
Nonsyndromic epidermal differentiation disorders: New classification and nomenclature based on disease-associated genes leading to targeted therapy
Authors: Masashi Akiyama, Keith Choate, Angela Hernandez-Martin, Mandy Aldwin-Easton, Christine Bodemer, Antoni Gostyński, Alain Hovnanian, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Kiril Malovitski, Edel A O’Toole, Amy S Paller, Matthias Schmuth, Janice Schwartz, Eli Sprecher, Joyce M C Teng, Céline Granier Tournier, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Gianluca Tadini, Judith Fischer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Epidermal differentiation disorders (EDDs) encompass inherited conditions characterized by abnormal epidermal differentiation, including nonsyndromic and syndromic subtypes with more extensive cutaneous involvement or palmoplantar keratodermas. Nonsyndromic EDDs (nEDDs) are defined as disorders that primarily affect large areas of skin and adnexal structures without alterations in extracutaneous tissues resulting from the underlying genetic change. To facilitate the development of targeted therapies and provide clinicians with clearer therapeutic guidance, we have recently developed a new nomenclature for EDDs that includes the causative altered gene and the nEDD subgroup designation, sometimes with a clinical or histological descriptor or acronym. Historically, many nEDDs have been named on the basis of phenotypic characteristics or associations that are now considered outdated or inappropriate. For example, the term "harlequin ichthyosis" evokes potentially stigmatizing images. Similarly, the word "ichthyosis" is derived from the Greek "ichthys", meaning fish, and the Greek "hystrix", meaning porcupine, further emphasizing the need to abandon derogatory terminology. As a result, the clinical relevance of the previous classification, which included eponymous and/or descriptive titles, has diminished. In the new, gene-based classification, old terms considered pejorative, such as ichthyosis, vulgaris, hystrix, and harlequin have been eliminated and eponyms have been replaced. Among the 53 genetically distinct nEDDs are conditions formerly known as autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva, Hailey-Hailey disease, and Darier-White disease. This review outlines the updated nomenclature and classifications of nEDDs, linked to detailed clinical descriptions and representative photographs to guide practitioners.
Spatial analysis identifies DC niches as predictors of pembrolizumab therapy in head and neck squamous cell cancer
Authors: Juhyun Oh, Jan Hoelzl, Jonathan C T Carlson, Ruben Bill, Hannah M Peterson, William C Faquin, Mikael J Pittet, Sara I Pai, Ralph Weissleder
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) shows variable response to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, which can be partially explained by a combined positive score (CPS) of tumor and immune cell expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) within the local tumor microenvironment (TME). To better define TME immune determinants associated with treatment efficacy, we conduct a study of n = 48 HNSCC tumors from patients prior to pembrolizumab therapy. Our investigation combines a rapid bioorthogonal multiplex staining method with computational analysis of whole-slide imaging to capture the single-cell spatial heterogeneity and complexity of the TME. Analyzing 6,316 fields of view (FOVs), we provide comprehensive PD-L1 phenotyping and cell proximity assays across the entirety of tissue sections. While none of the PD-L1 metrics adequately predict response, we find that the spatial organization of CCR7+ dendritic cells (DCs) in niches better predicts overall patient survival than CPS alone. This study highlights the importance of understanding the spatial context of immune networks for immunotherapy.
Integrative proteomic profiling of tumor and plasma extracellular vesicles identifies a diagnostic biomarker panel for colorectal cancer
Authors: Jun Wang, Chen-Zheng Gu, Peng-Xiang Wang, Jing-Rong Xian, Hao Wang, An-Quan Shang, Yu-Chen Zhong, Wen-Jing Zheng, Jian-Wen Cheng, Wen-Jing Yang, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Wei Guo, Xin-Rong Yang, Hao-Jie Lu
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of caregiver-assisted HIV self-testing among children using an oral mucosal test in Uganda and Zambia: a prospective interventional study
Authors: Jessica Gross, Nazarius M Tumwesigye, Simon Mutembo, Nkumbula Moyo, Aggrey Mukose, Obvious Chilyabanyama, Japhet Matoba, KaeAnne Parris, Brianna Lee, Taralyn Churchill, Dhelia Williamson, Sherri Pals, Claire Biribawa, Joseph Kagaayi, Phillimon Ndubani, Francis Okello, Zude Zyambo, Geoffrey Taasi, Eleanor N Magongo, Gloria Munthali, Mwiya Mwiya, Esther Nazziwa, Anna C Awor, Megumi Itoh, Adetinuke Mary Boyd, David Macleod, Emilia Rivadeneira, Daniel Oliver, Rashida A Ferrand, Carl Stecker
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2025)
Estimating the urban heat-related mortality burden due to greenness: a global modelling study
Authors: Yao Wu, Bo Wen, Tingting Ye, Wenzhong Huang, Yanming Liu, Antonio Gasparrini, Francesco Sera, Shilu Tong, Eric Lavigne, Dominic Roye, Souzana Achilleos, Niilo Ryti, Mathilde Pascal, Ariana Zeka, Francesca de'Donato, Susana das Neves Pereira da Silva, Joana Madureira, Malcolm Mistry, Ben Armstrong, Michelle L Bell, Joel Schwartz, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2025)

Heat exposure poses a substantial public health threat. Increasing greenness has been suggested as a mitigation strategy due to its cooling effect and potential to modify the heat-mortality association. This study aimed to comprehensively estimate the effects of increased greenness on heat-related deaths. We applied a multistage meta-analytical approach to estimate the potential reduction in global heat-related deaths by increasing greenness in the warm season in 2000-19 in 11 534 urban areas. We used the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) to indicate greenness and a random forest model to predict daily temperatures in counterfactual EVI scenarios. In the factual EVI scenarios, daily mortality and weather variables from 830 locations in 53 countries were extracted from the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Research Network and used to assess heat-mortality associations. These associations were then extrapolated to each urban area under both factual and counterfactual EVI scenarios based on meta-regression models. We estimated that EVI increased by 10% would decrease the global population-weighted warm-season mean temperature by 0·08°C, EVI increased by 20% would decrease temperature by 0·14°C, and EVI increased by 30% would decrease temperature by 0·19°C. In the factual scenario, 3 153 225 (2·48%) of 127 179 341 total deaths could be attributed to heat exposure. The attributable fraction of heat-related deaths (as a fraction of total deaths) in 2000-19 would decrease by 0·67 (95% empirical CI 0·53-0·82) percentage points in the 10% scenario, 0·80 (0·63-0·97) percentage points in the 20% scenario, and 0·91 (0·72-1·10) percentage points in the 30% scenario, compared with the factual scenario. South Europe was modelled to have the largest decrease in attributable fraction of heat-related mortality. This modelling study suggests that increased greenness could substantially reduce the heat-related mortality burden. Preserving and expanding greenness might be potential strategies to lower ambient temperature and reduce the health impacts of heat exposure. Australian Research Council and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus seropositivity and active infection in a Rohingya refugee population in Cox's Bazar camps, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Birgit Schramm, Khondaker A Ashakin, Wasim Firuz, Md Hadiuzzaman, Jihane Ben-Farhat, Andrés Arias-Rodríguez, Anisur Rahman, Pradip Sen Gupta, Abu Toha Rezuanul Haque Bhuiyan, Marve Duka, Suna Balkan, Farah Hossain
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2025)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant public health concern. Limited data have shown unusually high HCV seroprevalence among Rohingya refugees residing in camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. We aimed to assess the prevalence of HCV seropositivity and active infection and identify risk factors to inform the HCV response. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 10 and June 14, 2023, in adult (≥18 years) residents of seven camps in Cox's Bazar. Households were selected by simple random geosampling and one participant per household was selected at random. Participants were screened for HCV antibodies with a rapid finger prick blood test and, if seropositive, venous samples were tested for HCV viral load. A structured questionnaire collected information about demographics, HCV knowledge, and exposure risks. Survey-adjusted prevalence estimates of HCV seropositivity and active infection were generated by applying sampling weights. Factors associated with HCV seropositivity were identified using univariable and multivariable current status analysis and those associated with active infection via logistic regression. The survey included 641 participants, of whom 425 (66%) were women and for whom the median age was 34 years (IQR 28-46). 191 individuals tested positive for HCV antibodies. 187 of these individuals were tested for active infection and 124 had a detectable HCV viral load. The survey-adjusted prevalence estimate of HCV seropositivity was 30·4% (95% CI 26·5-34·5), and that of active infection 19·8% (95% CI 16·5-23·4). Current status analysis identified higher odds of HCV seropositivity among individuals reporting medical injection(s) (adjusted odds ratio 1·8 [95% CI 1·2-2·8]) or surgery (5·9 [1·9-18·4]), and among women (2·1 [1·3-3·2]). 328 (51%) of 641 participants had never heard of hepatitis C. Five (4%) of 124 participants with HCV viraemia reported previous HCV treatment. There is a substantial burden of active HCV infection among adult Rohingya camp residents, highlighting the urgent need to scale up testing and treatment capacities. The survey had constraints in identifying risk factors and could not provide data on HCV incidence. Reassessing infection prevalence after mass interventions and prospective surveillance are recommended to monitor ongoing transmission. A well-concerted multi-stakeholder action plan is needed to prevent future large-scale burden of severe liver disease and halt ongoing transmission. Médecins Sans Frontières.
Statin use in HIV: European AIDS Clinical Society guidance for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Jasmini Alagaratnam, Kathrin van Bremen, Georg M N Behrens, Franck Boccara, Paola Cinque, Magnus Gisslén, Giovanni Guaraldi, Deborah Konopnicki, Justyna D Kowalska, Patrick W G Mallon, Catia Marzolini, Luis Mendão, José M Miró, Eugenia Negredo, Peter Reiss, Lene Ryom, Marc van der Valk, Alan Winston, Susanne D Nielsen, Esteban Martínez
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2025)
Intestinal mucosal immune responses induced by novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 and Sabin monovalent oral poliovirus vaccine type 2: an analysis of data from four clinical trials
Authors: Audrey Godin, Elizabeth B Brickley, Ruth I Connor, Wendy F Wieland-Alter, Margaret E Ackerman, Joshua A Weiner, John Modlin, Minetaro Arita, Ananda S Bandyopadhyay, Chris Gast, Xavier Sáez-Llorens, Ricardo W Rüttimann, Pierre Van Damme, Ilse De Coster, Peter F Wright
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2025)
Monocytes can efficiently replace all brain macrophages and fetal liver monocytes can generate bona fide SALL1+ microglia
Authors: Jonathan Bastos, Carleigh O'Brien, Mónica Vara-Pérez, Myrthe Mampay, Lynn van Olst, Liam Barry-Carroll, Daliya Kancheva, Sophia Leduc, Ayla Line Lievens, Leen Ali, Vladislav Vlasov, Laura Meysman, Hadis Shakeri, Ria Roelandt, Hannah Van Hove, Karen De Vlaminck, Isabelle Scheyltjens, Fazeela Yaqoob, Sonia I Lombroso, Maria Breugelmans, Gilles Faron, Diego Gomez-Nicola, David Gate, F Chris Bennett, Kiavash Movahedi
Journal: Immunity (2025)

Microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are critical for brain health, and their dysfunction is associated to disease. Replacing brain macrophages holds substantial therapeutic promise but remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that monocytes can efficiently replace all brain macrophages. Monocytes readily replaced embryonal BAMs upon their depletion and engrafted as monocyte-derived microglia (Mo-Microglia) upon more sustained niche availability. Mo-Microglia expanded comparably to their embryonic counterparts and showed similar longevity. However, monocytes were unable to replicate the distinct identity of embryonically derived BAMs and microglia. Using xenotransplantation, we found that human monocytes exhibited similar behavior, enabling identification of putative Mo-Microglia in Alzheimer's disease individuals. In mice and humans, monocyte ontogeny shaped their identity as brain macrophages. Importantly, mouse fetal liver monocytes exhibited a distinct epigenetic landscape and could develop a bona fide microglial identity. Our results illuminate brain macrophage development and highlight monocytes as an abundant progenitor source for brain macrophage replacement therapies.
Outcomes based on risk-adapted adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: a nationwide, prospective cohort study by the Danish Breast Cancer Group
Authors: Maj-Britt Jensen, Emma Torpe, Zoë Teunissen, Gry Taarnhøj, Eva Brix, Ann Knoop, Sophie Yammeni, Frede Donskov, Bent Ejlertsen
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Determining the optimal use of approved drugs in oncology
Authors: Gauthier Bouche, Duncan Gilbert, Matteo Quartagno, Hakim-Moulay Dehbi, Sophie Merrick, Sahar Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani, Richard Stephens, Mahesh Parmar, Ruth E Langley
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)