tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychosis, aggression, and self-destructive behavior in hospitalized adolescents
Authors: I Delga, R K Heinssen, R C Fritsch, W Goodrich, B T Yates
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1989)

The authors studied the history of aggressive and self-destructive behaviors in psychotic and nonpsychotic hospitalized adolescents (N = 137). A multidimensional measure of self- and other-directed aggression was retrospectively applied to each patient's social and developmental history. Nonsignificant gender and diagnostic differences were obtained on ratings of violence and suicide. Broader definitions of internal and external aggression yielded nonsignificant diagnostic differences, but gender differences were observed on both internal and external aggression measures. Females displayed greater internal aggression, and males reported higher external aggression scores. These results, compared to those of other investigators, suggest the importance of social and cultural variables in understanding adolescent psychosis and aggression.
Abstract 3164: A Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Targeted Radiotracer Tracks Spatial Changes in Myocardial MMP-2 Activation Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Robert E Stroud, James Song, Jarod McAteer, Zakir Sahul, Lawrence W Dobrucki, Rupak Mukherjee, Donald P Dione, Julie E McLean, Allyson M Leone, Christi Hawley, Shenikqua Bouges, Patti Cavaliere, Albert J Sinusas, Francis G Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) induction and activation is a critical pathophysiological event following myocardial infarction (MI). However, examining MMP activity post-MI ha...
23价肺炎球菌疫苗预防疗养院老人发生肺炎并提高其生存率的效果：双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验
Authors: 顾佳
Journal: BMJ (2010)

目的确定23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗对肺炎球菌肺炎高危人群的效果。 设计前瞻性、随机、安慰剂对照、双盲试验。 地点日本疗养院。 参与者 1006名疗养院常住者。 干预参与者随机分配应用23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗（n=502）或安慰剂（n=504）。
Epidemiological analysis of the influenza A(H1N1)v outbreak in Bolivia, May-August 2009
Authors: A Gianella, A Walter, R Revollo, R Loayza, J Vargas, Y Roca
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

The outbreak of pandemic influenza (H1N1) began in Bolivia on 25 May 2009. Between May and August, the National Center of Tropical Disease (CENETROP) analysed by RT-PCR 7,060 samples of which 12.7% were positive. A preliminary analysis of the 895 confirmed cases identified between May and August 2009 describes epidemiological and clinical characteristics. After the first imported cases from the United States and Peru, the locally acquired infections predominated (90%). The number of cases was highest in the age group of 10 to 29 year-olds, and 89.6% of cases were observed in people under the age of 40 years. Fever, cough, nasal discharge and headache remained the main symptoms.
Abstract 2145: Recovery of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction after Acute Myocardial Infarction as a Predictor of Fatal of Near-Fatal Arrhythmic Events
Authors: Heikki V Huikuri, Derek V Exner, Antti Kiviniemi, Mikko Tulppo, Pekka Raatikainen, Marc Messier, Daniel Becker, Katherine M Kavanagh, Poul-Erik Bloch Thomsen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. Changes in cardiac autonomic function have been documented after myocardial infraction (MI), but their significance is unknown. We assessed the amount of recovery of autonomic dysfunction after MI and its significance among the patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 0.40 - CARISMA and ≤ 0.50 - REFINE). Methods and Results. Changes in heart rate variability (dHRV) and turbulence (dHRT) were measured from 24-hour ECG recordings performed 5–21 days and again at six weeks post-MI in 312 patients included in the Cardiac Arrhythmias and Risk Stratification after Myocardial Infarction (CARISMA) study. The primary endpoint was sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) recorded by an implantable device. Non-arrhythmic death was a secondary endpoint. HRV and HRT measures increased significantly from baseline to six weeks post-AMI (p&lt;0.001 for dHRV and p=0.017 for dHRT slope). The patients with attenuated recovery of autonomic function had a higher incidence of VT/VF events (n=25), e.g. those with a dHRT slope &lt; 2.0 ms/RRi (optimized cut-off) had a hazard ratio of 10.2 (95% CI from 1.35 to 77.9, p=0.03) of experiencing the VT or VF. The change of very-low (dVLF) and low-frequency (dLF) spectral components also predicted the VT/VF events (p=0.03 for dVLF and p=0.02 for dLF). Only one patient with a dHRT slope ≥2.0 mm/RRi (n=79) experienced VT/VF event (negative accuracy 99%). Validation was performed in the Risk Estimation Following Infarction Non-invasive Evaluation (REFINE) post-MI population (n=322). Of the 24 fatal or non-fatal cardiac arrests that occurred in REFINE, all but two were identified by a lack of improvement in HRT slope as defined in CARISMA (negative accuracy 98%). The risk of fatal or non-fatal cardiac arrest was 7.0-fold (95% CI from 1.6 to 29.6; p = 0.009) higher in patients without improvement in HRT. Lack of improvement in HRT was not predictive of non-arrhythmic death in either post-MI population. Conclusions. Autonomic function undergoes a substantial improvement early after MI, which is associated with vulnerability to VT or VF. A marked recovery of autonomic dysfunction protects from the occurrence of fatal or near-fatal arrhythmic events after MI despite depressed LVEF
Abstract 16204: Transforming Growth Factor beta1 mRNA Expression in Left Atrium and Recovery of Atrial Contraction After Surgical Maze Procedure
Authors: Seung-Jung Park, Eun Young Lee, Kyeongmin Byeon, YoungKeun On, JuneSoo Kim, JinOh Choi, PyoWon Park, EunSeok Jeon
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The maze procedure for atrial fibrillation (AF) is effective in restoring sinus rhythm. However, significant proportion of patients failed to recover atrial mechanical contraction (AMC)...
Patient or Pretender: Inside the Strange World of Factitious Disorders
Authors: D. Enoch
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Marc D Feldman, Charles V Ford, Toni Reinhold Wiley, pounds sterling 19.95, pp 228 ISBN 0-471-58080-5

Factitious or feigned illness--including its extreme forms, Munchausen syndrome and Munchausen syndrome by proxy--is the focus of much interest in Britain, mainly as a result of celebrated cases reported widely in the press and the increasing demands made by such pretending or deceiving patients on doctors and the already strained resources of the NHS. …
Abstract 4106: Temperature Feedback with Open Irrigated Ablation: A Comparison Between Insulated and a Non-insulated Fluid Lumen Catheters
Authors: Robert Robichaux, Liane R Teplitsky, Heath B Carter, Derek Dosdall, Michael Blackstone, Jose Osorio, Cheryl R Killingsworth, H. T McElderry
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: The distal tip electrode for standard open irrigated catheters is cooled during ablation. While this allows for greater energy delivery to the myocardium relative to a nonirrigated elec...
Abstract 19318: Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Foram N Ashar, Yiyi Zhang, Anna Moes, Megan L Grove, Anthony G Wilsdon, Paulo H Chaves, Josef Coresh, Anne B Newman, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Eric Boerwinkle, Jeremy D Walston, Eliseo Guallar, Dan E Arking
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a core component of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with several CVD risk factors (diabetes, cigarette smoke exposure, and hypertension). We therefore explored the association of mitochondrial DNA copy number, which reflects oxidative stress, with prevalent and incident CVD, and its potential utility as a novel clinical biomarker of CVD.  We determined mtDNA copy number in DNA extracted from whole blood in 16,401 samples from two large multi-center prospective studies_the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Lower mtDNA copy number was associated with increased prevalence of CVD in 4,109 white participants from CHS (OR for lowest quintile [Q1] to highest quintile [Q5] of mtDNA copy number=2.35, 95% CI=1.74-3.19, P 7.5%) risk. While we do not see the association with incident CVD in samples from CHS, this finding may reflect underlying differences in participants’ ages between the cohorts. The mean age in CHS is 72.4 years versus 58.1 years in ARIC suggesting that the association of mtDNA copy number with incident CVD may weaken with age. Given the magnitude of the effect we observe in  ARIC, and the ease and low cost of the assay, we suggest that assessment of mtDNA copy number may have clinical utility for CVD risk classification warranting further validation in additional large prospective cohorts.
Abstract 274: Low Survival Rate From Cardiac Arrests in Care Facilities Among Public Facilities: an Example of Disarrangement of Links in "Chain of Survival"
Authors: Yutaka Takei, Hideo Inaba, Takahiro Yachida, Miki Enami, Junro Taniguchi, Yoshikazu Goto, Keisuke Ohta
Journal: Circulation (2010)
In vitro priming of umbilical cord blood derived T cells using HER-2 peptide pulsed dendritic cells
Authors: Hae-Kyeong Yoon, Ha-Young Lee, Jin-Hee Ahn, Cheolwon Suh, Shin Kim, Jong-Lyel Roh, Sung-Bae Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

4621 

Introduction: HER-2 is an established target for antibody therapy. In vitro priming of T cells with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with clinically relevant peptide is an attractive strategy to generate tumor-specific T lymphocyte to activate the host's own immune system to raise an anti-tumor response. We investigated whether tumor specific T cells from umbilical cord blood (UCBs) using autologous DCs pulsed with HER2/neu derived peptide (KIFGSLAFL, E75) could be induced.    Methods: UCBs in this experiment were examined with serologic HLA-typing. Only UCBs samples with HLA-A2 and confirmed with HER-2 expression by RT-PCR were used. Immature DCs generated in the presence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor from UCBs for 5 days, and then matured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). For induction of T cells, DCs were cultured with autologous non-adherent cells and peptide (50μg/ml) was pulsed 3 times, every 2 days.    Results: The phenotypes of DCs (CD 80+, CD83, CD 86, and HLA-DR) derived from CD14+ and CD 34+ showed comparable. In vitro primed T cells showed significant peptide-specific IFN-γ cytokine response. Higher expression of CD45RO+ and CD25+ were observed in HER-2/neu specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes when compared with non-activated T cells (20.7%, 36.3% vs. 0.3%, 13.2%).    Conclusion: These data suggest that in vitro immunization using DCs could be beneficial in generating tumor specific T cells from Umbilical cord blood, which may be used for adoptive immunotherapy of HER-2 positive breast cancer.
Smoking rates among pregnant women:<i>The BMJ</i>must not misinform
Authors: Alain Braillon, Susan Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Kmietowicz’s headline claims “smoking rates among pregnant women fall to all time low of 11.4%.”1 We expect better both from the government and from The BMJ : the figure is actually plateauing (12.0% in 2012-13) and is based on flawed data.

Firstly, the seemingly low numbers refer to …
Definition, epidemiology, and risk factors
Authors: Graham Devereux
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In 2004, the UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as “characterised by airflow obstruction. The airflow obstruction is usually progressive, not fully reversible and does not change markedly over several months. The disease is predominantly caused by smoking.” COPD is the preferred umbrella term for the airflow obstruction associated with the diseases of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. These are closely related to, but not synonymous with, COPD.



View this table:

Definitions of conditions associated with airflow obstruction



Although asthma is associated with airflow obstruction, it is usually considered as a separate clinical entity. Some patients with chronic asthma also develop airflow obstruction that is relatively fixed (a consequence of airway remodelling) and often indistinguishable from COPD. Because of the high prevalence of asthma and COPD, these conditions coexist in many patients, creating diagnostic uncertainty. Other conditions also associated with poorly reversible airflow obstruction include cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, and obliterative bronchiolitis. Although these conditions need to be considered in the differential diagnosis of obstructive airways disease, they are not conventionally covered by the definition of COPD.

### Prevalence

Estimating and comparing the prevalence of COPD in different countries is complicated by differences in its precise definition and in the level of underdiagnosis. For example, in the United Kingdom mild COPD is defined as the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to the forced vital capacity (FVC) being < 0.7 and the FEV1 being 50-80% of the expected value. Other guidelines suggest slightly different spirometric values (see third article in this series).

A national UK study reported an abnormally low FEV1 in 10% of men and 11% of women aged 16-65 …
Rehabilitation after brain injury
Authors: M A Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1-Results of survey on eating habits of random selection of doctors and patients conducted during beef crisis.Figures are numbers (percentages) Allowed Had stopped Allowed children to Had stopped eating beef children to eat beef eating beef products eat beef products Significance Doctors (n = 43) 8 (19) 20 (47) 33 (77) 19 (44) x2 = 7.0, P<0.01 Patients (n =44) 20 (45) 32 (73) 11 (25) 4 (9) x2= 6.2, P<0.05 Patients by occupational class: II, IIIN, IIIM (n = 31) 12 (39) 21 (68) 11 (35) 4 (13)
Abstract 1187: PDZ Domain Protein Arrays Define a Network of ABCA1 and SPLTC1 Protein-Protein Interactions that Regulate ABCA1 Trafficking and Efflux Activity
Authors: Michael L Fitzgerald, Norimasa Tamehiro, Suiping Zhou, Keiichiro Okuhira
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Protein microarrays are an emerging high throughput proteomic tool that can be used to study protein-protein interactions. Here we use protein arrays that have 123 PDZ domains spotted in duplicate from 77 PDZ proteins testing over 700 potential interactions and mapping a network of protein interactions that encompasses the ABCA1 transporter and SPLTC1. SPTLC1, through its associated serine palmitoyltransferase activity, catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of sphingomyelin whose plasma level has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, ABCA1 effluxes cellular cholesterol to maintain plasma HDL levels which prevents cardiovascular disease. Using hierarchical clustering and networking algorithms analysis of our data set shows PDZ proteins are able to discriminate between closely related PDZ binding motifs contained in the C-termini of ABCA1 and SPTLC1. Mutation of the SPTLC1 PDZ motif disrupted SPTLC1’s ability to bind PDZ proteins and destabilized SPTLC1 protein expression demonstrating the functional importance of the motif. Co-expression of SPTLC1 with ABCA1 in 293 cells inhibited cholesterol efflux activity of the transporter by up to 80% (p &lt; 0.01) as we previously reported and here we show this is through a mechanism that blocks the exit of the transporter from the endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast, treatment of primary human fibroblasts or mouse macrophages with myriocin, a specific serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor, increased efflux by nearly 60% (p &lt; 0.05). Our results demonstrate the utility using protein arrays to map protein-protein interactions that we hypothesis form a regulatory network that integrates the cholesterol efflux and sphingolipid synthesis pathways. That SPTLC1 activity negatively regulates ABCA1 efflux further suggests inhibition of SPTLC1 activity may represent a new therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Abstract 5676: Elevated Oxidative Stress is Associated with Ventricular Fibrillation Episode in Patients with Brugada Syndrome without SCN5A Mutation
Authors: Masamichi Tanaka, Keiko Ohgou, Koji Nakagawa, Takeshi Tada, Masato Murakami, Shigeki Hiramatsu, Daiji Miura, Aya Miura, Nobuhiro Nishii, Satoshi Nagase, Hiroshi Morita, Kazufumi Nakamura, Takefumi Oka, Tohru Ohe, Kengo Kusano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background; Brugada Syndrome (BS) is a disease known to cause ventricular fibrillation (VF) with structurally normal heart. Gene mutation (i.e. SCN5A) has been proposed to be related to the development of BS and VF. However, the pathophysiological mechanism associated with VF development without SCN5A mutation has not been studied yet. Oxidative stress is a common disorder that is related to many heart diseases. We have previously demonstrated that oxidative stress is closely linked to the arrhythmic development. Accordingly, we examined 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modified protein, which is a common mediator of oxidative stress in the myocardium, and VF episodes in patients with BS. Methods; We collected sixty-eight BS patients that underwent right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (66 males, 2 female; mean age 49.0±11.6 years old). VF was documented in 11 and SCN5A mutation was detected in 14 patients. Biopsy samples were processed for histology [Masson’s trichrome staining for fibrosis, immuno staining for CD45, CD68, and HNE modified protein]. All results from histology were compared with VF episodes. We also performed the analysis in VF patients with (n=14) or without SCN5A mutations (n=54). Results: HNE positive area was significantly larger in VF patients [VF(+): 16.3±10.5, VF(−): 9.3±5.7%: P=0.029]. All other parameters (fibrosis area, CD45, and CD68) were not different between the groups. In multivariable analysis, HNE positive area was most important risk factor of VF development in patients without SCN5A mutation (P=0.004). Conclusions ; These data suggested that oxidative stress is associated with VF development in BS patients, especially in patients without SCN5A mutation.
Tranilast increased the drug effect of gemcitabine via protein degradation of RRM1 in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Yoshihiko Kitajima, Mayumi Mitsuno, Kazuyoshi Hashiguchi, Jun Nakamura, Masatsugu Hiraki, Kohji Miyazaki
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3344 

(Introduction) Pancreatic cancer is severe malignancy with poor prognosis of the patients. Gemcitabine(GEM) is widely used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of the pancreatic cancer, however the significant effect prolonging patient survival has not been reported so far. In the present study, we demonstrated a striking evidence that tranilast, drug for allergic diseases, strongly enhanced the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM. Furthermore, we defined that the effect of tranilast was due to the suppression of ribonucleotide reductase 1 (RRM1), which is essential to determine GEM sensitivity in cancer cells.    (Materials) (1) Pancreatic cancer cell lines: KP-4, PK-8, PK-1, MiaPaca2 and PK-59. (2) Tranilast was provided from Kissei Pharmaceutical Co.Japan. Anti-cancer drugs including GEM, 5-FU, CDDP, CPT-11 and Paclitaxel were used. (3) Drug effects were analyzed by MTT assay. FACS analysis was examined in assessment of cell cycle and apoptosis. (4) MG132 was used for inhibiting proteosome system. (Result) (1) Tranilast did not affect the growth of KP-4. However, tranilast increased the drug sensitivity to GEM at 15~17 fold in KP-4 cells, compared with single GEM treatment. FACS analysis revealed that tranilast brought KP-4 cells into G1 arrest in cell cycle and enhanced apoptotic effect by GEM treatment. Tranilast did not influence the sensitivity to other drugs including 5-FU, CDDP, CPT-11 and Paclitaxel. (2) In western analysis, tranilast was revealed to decrease RRM1 expression with dose dependant manner. (3) Supression of RRM1 by tranilast in KP4 cells was completely abolished by proteosome inhibitor MG132. (4) The synergistic effect of tranilast toward GEM responsiveness was also found in other 4 cell lines PK-8, PK-1, PK-9 and PK-59, in which RRM1 expression was attenuated under tranilast treatment.On the other hand, drug sensitivity to GEM was not affected by tranilast in MiaPaca2 cells with no change in RRM1 expression.    (Conclusion) We first demonstrated that tranilast destroy RRM1 protein , which is a determinant for GEM sensitivity, through proteosome pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. According to this action, tranilast specifically sensitized anti-cancer effect of GEM. Drug concentration of tranilast used in this study was ranged between 25 to 200μM, which is similar to the serum concentration from allergic diseases patients under tranilast treatment. Thus it is plausible that chemotherapy using GEM along with tranilast might be effective strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and improve the patient survival.
Abstract 11678: Early Strain Echocardiography May Exclude Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis in Suspected Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Thomas Dahlslett, Bjornar Grenne, Christian Eek, Benthe Sjoli, Helge Skulstad, Otto A Smiseth, Thor Edvardsen, Harald Brunvand
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Many patients with suspected non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) have no significant coronary artery disease. Current diagnostic approach with repeated ECG and cardiac b...
Abstract 51: Demographics, Automated External Defibrillator Deployment and Neurologically Intact Survival of Out-of-Hospital Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival Registry
Authors: Austin Johnson, Comilla Sasson, David E Slattery, Matthew Loptien, Bryan McNally
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Since 2005, the American Heart Association has recommended that children in cardiopulmonary arrest (CA), greater than 1 year of age, receive an attempt at automated external defibrillator (AED) application and shock. However, little is known about whether these guidelines have reached the bystander response in the U.S. Objective: 1) To characterize survival and neurologically intact (NI) outcomes of pediatric out of hospital CA events 2) To determine the prevalence of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and AED, particularly in those victims under 8 years of age. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from 29 U.S. cities that participate in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES). Patients were included if they were less than 18 years of age and had a documented resuscitation attempt from October 1, 2005 through December 31, 2009. Chi-squared tests were used to test for differences in AED and bystander CPR provision between age groups. Results: A total of 481 cases comprised our cohort. The overall survival was 5.6 % (95% CI: 3.7-8.1), and NI survival was 3.5% (95% CI: 2.0- 5.6). Across all age strata, asystole was the most common initial rhythm. Sixty-six (13.7 % (95% CI: 10.8-17.1) patients had a shockable rhythm with increasing percentages of shockable rhythms at older ages (&lt;30 days: 3.2% (n=2); 30 days-1 year old: 3.4% (n=7); 1-5 years old: 10.1% (n=7); 5-12 years old: 22.1% (n=13); 12-18 years old: 31.8% (n=27), p&lt;0.05). Bystander CPR and AED rates are shown in the table. Overall AED use for the sample was 70/481; 14.6% (95% CI: 11.5-18.0) while the provision of bystander CPR was 160/481; 33.3% (95% CI: 29.1-37.7). Conclusions: Despite a similar rate of bystander CPR and higher rate of AED use, pediatric CA have lower overall and NI survival as compared to the adult population. Future research will need to be conducted to determine the barriers to children receiving bystander CPR and having AEDs applied