tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholangioscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for occult chronic appendicitis
Authors: Qianlong Li, Ting Qin, Tianyu Liu, Linlin Chen, Biao Jiang
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

In recent years, endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT) has been widely used in the treatment of acute uncomplicated appendicitis, especially with the assistance of cholangioscopy [1] [2]; however, the diagnosis and treatment of chronic appendicitis has always been a challenge. Chronic appendicitis is often overlooked owing to atypical symptoms and unclear imaging changes [3]. We report a case of recurrent unexplained lower right abdominal pain. Through cholangioscope-assisted ERAT, the patient was diagnosed as having chronic appendicitis with a pinhole-like stenosis and suppuration, adequate drainage was performed, and the abdominal pain was completely relieved.
Biased Retention of Environment-Responsive Genes Following Genome Fractionation
Authors: Marc Beringer, Rimjhim Roy Choudhury, Terezie Mandáková, Sandra Grünig, Manuel Poretti, Ilia J Leitch, Martin A Lysak, Christian Parisod
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

The molecular underpinnings and consequences of cycles of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and subsequent gene loss through subgenome fractionation remain largely elusive. Endogenous drivers, such as transposable elements (TEs), have been postulated to shape genome-wide dominance and biased fractionation, leading to a conserved least-fractionated (LF) subgenome and a degenerated most-fractionated (MF) subgenome. In contrast, the role of exogenous factors, such as those induced by environmental stresses, has been overlooked. In this study, a chromosome-scale assembly of the alpine buckler mustard (Biscutella laevigata; Brassicaceae) that underwent a WGD event about 11 million years ago is coupled with transcriptional responses to heat, cold, drought, and herbivory to assess how gene expression is associated with differential gene retention across the MF and LF subgenomes. Counteracting the impact of TEs in reducing the expression and retention of nearby genes across the MF subgenome, dosage balance is highlighted as a main endogenous promoter of the retention of duplicated gene products under purifying selection. Consistent with the "turn a hobby into a job" model, about one-third of environment-responsive duplicates exhibit novel expression patterns, with one copy typically remaining conditionally expressed, whereas the other copy has evolved constitutive expression, highlighting exogenous factors as a major driver of gene retention. Showing uneven patterns of fractionation, with regions remaining unbiased, but with others showing high bias and significant enrichment in environment-responsive genes, this mesopolyploid genome presents evolutionary signatures consistent with an interplay of endogenous and exogenous factors having driven gene content following WGD-fractionation cycles.
COVID-19 related myocardial injury is associated with immune dysregulation in symptomatic patients with cardiac MRI abnormalities
Authors: Andrej Ćorović, Xiaohui Zhao, Yuan Huang, Stephen R Newland, Deepa Gopalan, James Harrison, Despina Giakomidi, Shanna Chen, Natalia S Yarkoni, Christopher Wall, Marta Peverelli, Rouchelle Sriranjan, Arianna Gallo, Martin J Graves, Andrew Sage, Paul A Lyons, Nyarie Sithole, Martin R Bennett, James H F Rudd, Ziad Mallat, Tian X Zhao, Meritxell Nus, Jason M Tarkin
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2024)

Abstract Aims While acute cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are well described, less is known about longer-term cardiac sequelae. For many individuals with cardiac signs or symptoms arising after COVID-19 infection, the aetiology remains unclear. We examined immune profiles associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in patients with unexplained cardiac injury after COVID-19. Methods and results Twenty-one participants {mean age 47 [standard deviation (SD) 13] years, 71% female} with long COVID-19 (n = 17), raised troponin (n = 2), or unexplained new-onset heart failure (n = 2), who did not have pre-existing heart conditions or recent steroid/immunosuppression treatment, were enrolled a mean 346 (SD 191) days after COVID-19 infection in a prospective observational study. Cardiac MRI and blood sampling for deep immunophenotyping using mass cytometry by time of flight and measurement of proteomic inflammatory markers were performed. Nine of the 21 (43%) participants had MRI abnormalities (MRI(+)), including non-ischaemic patterns of late gadolinium enhancement and/or visually overt myocardial oedema in 8 people. One patient had mildly impaired biventricular function without fibrosis or oedema, and two had severe left ventricular (LV) impairment. MRI(+) individuals had higher blood CCL3, CCL7, FGF-23, and CD4 Th2 cells, and lower CD8 T effector memory (TEM) cells, than MRI(−). Cluster analysis revealed lower expression of inhibitory receptors PD1 and TIM3 in CD8 TEM cells from MRI(+) patients than MRI(−) patients, and functional studies of CD8 T αβ cells showed higher proportions of cytotoxic granzyme B+(GZB+)-secreting cells upon stimulation. CD8 TEM cells and CCL7 were the strongest predictors of MRI abnormalities in a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model (composite area under the curve 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.0). CCL7 was correlated with diffuse myocardial fibrosis/oedema detected by quantitative T1 mapping (r = 0.47, P = 0.04). Conclusion COVID-19-related cardiac injury in symptomatic patients with non-ischaemic myocarditis-like MRI abnormalities is associated with immune dysregulation, including decreased peripheral CD8 TEM cells and increased CCL7, persisting long after the initial infection.
Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg versus placebo in people with obesity and prediabetes (STEP 10): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trial
Authors: Barbara M McGowan, Jens M Bruun, Matt Capehorn, Sue D Pedersen, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Hanna Angelene Kudiyanur Muniraju, Maria Quiroga, Anette Varbo, David C W Lau
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)
Combining PSMA-PET and PROMISE to re-define disease stage and risk in patients with prostate cancer: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Madeleine J Karpinski, Johannes Hüsing, Kevin Claassen, Lennart Möller, Hiltraud Kajüter, Florian Oesterling, Viktor Grünwald, Lale Umutlu, Jens Kleesiek, Tugce Telli, Anja Merkel-Jens, Anika Hüsing, Claudia Kesch, Ken Herrmann, Matthias Eiber, Sebastian Hoberück, Philipp T Meyer, Felix Kind, Kambiz Rahbar, Michael Schäfers, Andreas Stang, Boris A Hadaschik, Wolfgang P Fendler
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Dose selection of novel anticancer drugs: exposing the gap between selected and required doses
Authors: Catharina J P Op 't Hoog, Niven Mehra, Marc Maliepaard, Kalijn Bol, Hans Gelderblom, Gabe S Sonke, Adrianus J de Langen, Niels W C J van de Donk, Jeroen J W M Janssen, Monique C Minnema, Nielka P van Erp, Emmy Boerrigter
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Tepotinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer with MET amplification following progression on first-line osimertinib (INSIGHT 2): a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial
Authors: Yi-Long Wu, Valentina Guarneri, Pei Jye Voon, Boon Khaw Lim, Jin-Ji Yang, Marie Wislez, Cheng Huang, Chong Kin Liam, Julien Mazieres, Lye Mun Tho, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Puey Ling Chia, Filippo de Marinis, Jo Raskin, Qinghua Zhou, Giovanna Finocchiaro, Anh Tuan Le, Jialei Wang, Christophe Dooms, Terufumi Kato, Ernest Nadal, How Soon Hin, Egbert F Smit, Martin Wermke, Daniel Tan, Masahiro Morise, Aurora O'Brate, Svenja Adrian, Boris M Pfeiffer, Christopher Stroh, Dilafruz Juraeva, Rainer Strotmann, Kosalaram Goteti, Karin Berghoff, Barbara Ellers-Lenz, Niki Karachaliou, Xiuning Le, Tae Min Kim
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Intimate partner violence against adolescent girls: regional and national prevalence estimates and associated country-level factors
Authors: LynnMarie Sardinha, Ilknur Yüksel-Kaptanoğlu, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Claudia García-Moreno
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)

Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem and negatively affects short-term and long-term health, development, and wellbeing of adolescent girls. Global estimates from WHO have shown that adolescent girls aged 15-19 years experience high rates of intimate partner violence. We aimed to estimate the lifetime and past-year prevalence and patterns of physical or sexual intimate partner violence against adolescent girls by male partners across 161 countries and areas, and to examine the country-level factors, including the prevalence of child marriage, associated with the lifetime and past-year prevalence of intimate partner violence in this age group.
The roles of paediatric emergency physicians and intensivists in disaster responses
Authors: Özlem Teksam, Oksan Derinoz Guleryuz, Oğuz Dursun, Aykut Caglar, Ayse Berna Anil, Tanıl Kendirli, Riza Dincer Yildizdas
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)
Adverse Events of Psychological Interventions: Definitions, Assessment, Current State of the Research and Implications for Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Jan Philipp Klein, Alexander Rozental, Svenja Sürig, Steffen Moritz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2024)

Background: The effectiveness of psychological interventions is undisputed. But while in other fields of health care the safety of interventions is studied alongside effectiveness, adverse events (AEs) have only recently been assessed in clinical studies of psychological interventions. This critical review summarizes the definition, assessment and current research status of AEs of psychological interventions. Summary: AEs are defined as any untoward event or unfavorable change that occurs in the course of a psychological intervention. AEs that are caused by the intervention can be classified into side effects of correctly applied treatment, malpractice (i.e., incorrectly applied treatment) and unethical conduct (e.g., sexual abuse). Ideally, they are assessed by independent raters or alternatively by self-report questionnaires that should also cover serious adverse events (SAEs, e.g., suicide attempts or self-injurious behaviors). About 1 to 2 in 3 patients report at least 1 AE and results of meta-analyses suggest that treatments might differ in frequency and/or severity of AE and in treatment acceptability (measured as dropout rates). Key Messages: Measures of AEs and SAEs as well as more nuanced descriptions of dropout should be included in all clinical studies of psychological interventions. If this happens, we might learn that psychological interventions differ with respect to AEs, SAEs and acceptability. As many psychological interventions are about equally effective, they might one day be chosen based on differences in their safety profile rather than their differential effectiveness. Ideally, reducing AEs might also lead to more effective interventions.
Pain Reduction With Oral Methotrexate in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sarah R. Kingsbury, Puvan Tharmanathan, Ada Keding, Fiona E. Watt, David L. Scott, Edward Roddy, Fraser Birrell, Nigel K. Arden, Mike Bowes, Catherine Arundel, Michelle Watson, Sarah J. Ronaldson, Catherine Hewitt, Michael Doherty, Robert J. Moots, Terence W. O’Neill, Michael Green, Gulam Patel, Toby Garrood, Christopher J. Edwards, Phil J. Walmsley, Tom Sheeran, David J. Torgerson, Philip G. Conaghan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) are limited. Previous small studies suggest that the antirheumatic drug methotrexate may be a potential treatment for OA pain.
Physician Humility: A Review and Call to Revive Virtue in Medicine
Authors: Caroline L. Matchett, Ellen L. Usher, John T. Ratelle, Diego A. Suarez, Andrea N. Leep Hunderfund, Ana M. Aragon Sierra, Adam P. Sawatsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Physician virtues, including humility, are crucial for shaping a physician's identity and practice. The health care literature offers varied views on humility, and the rising call for discussing virtues as a framing for professional identity formation underscores the need for a clearer understanding of physician humility. This review aimed to develop a cohesive conceptualization of physician humility and to define how it functions in medical practice. To achieve this, a comprehensive search was done across PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, ERIC, and PsycInfo, covering all records up to 30 October 2023. Articles were included if they discussed physician humility and excluded if they were unrelated to physician humility, focused on nonphysician health professionals, lacked conceptual depth, or focused solely on cultural humility. An applied thematic analysis was conducted. The results provide a synthesized conceptualization of physician humility across stances toward self, others, and the profession. The included articles identified the pivotal role of physician humility within the following 5 domains of medical practice: learning and professional growth, navigating error, uncertainty tolerance, trust and entrustment, and teamwork and communication. The authors highlight some of the intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocontextual challenges to cultivating and practicing physician humility. These findings highlight the importance of promoting humility in shaping physicians' actions, thoughts, and relationships with patients, colleagues, and their profession. Integrating such virtues as humility into medical education is essential for upholding the ideals of the medical profession and cultivating moral agents who engage in self-reflection and embody the principles of exemplary physicians.
Association of Semaglutide With Tobacco Use Disorder in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: William Wang, Nora D. Volkow, Nathan A. Berger, Pamela B. Davis, David C. Kaelber, Rong Xu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Reports of reduced desire to smoke in patients treated with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, have raised interest about its potential benefit for tobacco use disorders (TUDs).
Hyperactive DCs redirect aged anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Alex C.Y. Chen, Debattama R. Sen
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Aging is one of the biggest risk factors for cancer development. More than 85% of all cancers occur in individuals above 55 years old, often accompanied by age-associated immune defects. Previous studies on the tumor microenvironment during aging have identified several factors, such as the roles of fibroblasts, immunosuppression, and metastasis. However, the aging-associated defects in antitumor immunity, particularly with regard to T cells, remain underexplored. Recent findings by Zhivaki and colleagues suggest that age-related immune defects affecting antitumor responses involve reduced levels of CD8+ T cells and compromised dendritic cell (DC) functions such as antigen presentation and migration. Their study demonstrates that a hyperactive DC vaccine can restore DC functions in older mice. Furthermore, these hyperactive DCs, characterized by increased IL1β production and better migratory capability to the lymph node, promote the development of cytolytic CD4+ T cells exhibiting Th1-like phenotypes. This research reveals mechanisms underlying the response to hyperactive DC vaccines in older mice and highlights the critical role of cytolytic CD4+ T cells as substitutes for CD8+ T cells in driving antitumor immunity and achieving long-term tumor control in older mice.
Fatal and Nonfatal Firearm Injury Rates by Race and Ethnicity in the United States, 2019 to 2020
Authors: Elinore J. Kaufman, Jamie Song, Ruiying Xiong, Mark J. Seamon, M. Kit Delgado
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Racial disparities in firearm injury death in the United States are well established. Less is known about the magnitude of nonfatal and total firearm injury.
Ethics and Academic Discourse, Scientific Integrity, Uncertainty, and Disinformation in Medicine: An American College of Physicians Position Paper
Authors: Lois Snyder Sulmasy, Joel R. Burnett, Jan K. Carney, Matthew DeCamp, Jan K. Carney, Alejandro Moreno, Omar T. Atiq, Eileen D. Barrett, Eduardo Bruera, Angelique N. Collamer, Charlene M. Dewey, Kari L. Esbensen, Amy K. Holbrook, Diana Jung, Kyle E. Karches, Kenneth Prager, Ikaasa Suri, Erik A. Wallace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Respect for the scientific process and a diversity of views; open discourse and debate based on principles of ethics, best available evidence, and scientific inquiry and integrity; and an understanding of evidence gaps and uncertainty and how to communicate about them are important values in the advancement of science and the practice of medicine. Physicians often must make decisions about their recommendations to patients in the face of scarce or conflicting data. Are these characteristics of medicine and science widely understood and effectively communicated among members of the profession and to patients and the public? Issues of scientific integrity are longstanding, but COVID-19 brought them to the forefront, in an environment that was sometimes characterized by communication missteps as guidance came and went-or changed-quickly. Today, is open debate flourishing? Have some debates shed more heat than light? Are people losing confidence in science and medicine? In health care institutions? The American College of Physicians explores these issues and offers guidance in this position paper.
Ecological debts induced by heat extremes
Authors: Gerard Martínez-De León, Madhav P. Thakur
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2024)

Heat extremes have become the new norm in the Anthropocene. Their potential to trigger major ecological responses is widely acknowledged, but their unprecedented severity hinders our ability to predict the magnitude of such responses, both during and after extreme heat events. To address this challenge we propose a conceptual framework inspired by the core concepts of ecological stability and thermal biology to depict how responses of populations and communities accumulate at three response stages (exposure, resistance, and recovery). Biological mechanisms mitigating responses at a given stage incur associated costs that only become apparent at other response stages; these are known as 'ecological debts'. We outline several scenarios for how ecological responses associate with debts to better understand biodiversity changes caused by heat extremes.
Influence of TP53 Gene Mutations and its Allelic Status in Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Isolated 5q Deletion.
Authors: Maria Julia Montoro, Laura Palomo, Claudia Haferlach, Pamela Acha, Onyee Chan, Víctor Navarro, Yasuo Kubota, Felicitas Isabel Schulz, Manja Meggendorfer, Robert Briski, Najla Al-Ali, Blanca Xicoy, Felix Lopez, Francesc Bosch, Teresa González, Lea Naomi Eder, Andrés Jerez, Yu-Hung Hung Wang, Alessia Campagna, Valeria Santini, Teresa Bernal del Castillo, Esperanza Such, Hwei-Fang Tien, Nicolás Díaz Varela, Uwe Platzbecker, Detlef Thomas Haase, María Díez-Campelo, Matteo Giovanni Della Porta, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Daniel Howard Wiseman, Ulrich Germing, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Rami S Komrokji, Francesc Sole, Torsten Haferlach, David Valcárcel
Journal: Blood (2024)
Endoscopic removal of magnetic beads causing duodenal chronic fistula
Authors: Jingjing Yao, Jindong Fu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

A 4-year-old girl with pituitary dysplasia for 2 years presented to our hospital after swallowing a coin 3 hours earlier. An abdominal X-ray revealed the coin in her stomach, along with an unexpected string of beaded, high-density images in the right upper abdomen ([Fig. 1]). Her parents disclosed that the girl had played with magnetic beads a month prior and might have ingested them then, but she had no symptoms of abdominal pain, vomiting, or fever. Under intravenous anesthesia, the girl underwent gastroscopy.
Clinical application of a novel high-selectivity steerable-tip catheter for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with altered surgical anatomy
Authors: Osamu Inatomi, Atsushi Yamada, Shuhei Shintani, Kosuke Hiroe, Hidenori Kimura, Atsushi Nishida, Tohru Tani
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for the selective treatment of the biliary branch is frequently challenging in patients with surgically altered intestinal tracts [1] [2] [3]. We have developed and commercialized a novel steerable catheter for ERCP (KC226; Zeon Medical, Tokyo, Japan) capable of balanced bidirectional tip-bending at steep angles by using a seamless tube with a distal part made of an artificial blood vessel material and a wire-driven antagonistic mechanism [4] ([Fig. 1]). This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of this catheter inserted into balloon enteroscopes for accessing the biliary tract in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
Endoscopic resection with an over-the-scope clip for recurrence of gastric cancer on the esophagus adjacent to the anastomosis after total gastrectomy
Authors: Taro Iwatsubo, Yuichiro Hatano, Kentaro Matsuo, Ryo Tanaka, Kazuhiro Ota, Sang-Woong Lee, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The endoscopic resection of recurrent lesions on the postoperative anastomosis is challenging. Endoscopic resection with an over-the-scope (OTS) clip has been reported to be useful for subepithelial and fibrotic lesions [1] [2]. Herein, we report a case of endoscopic resection for the recurrence of gastric cancer adjacent to the anastomosis after total gastrectomy using an OTS clip.
A Patch Wearable Cardioverter-Defibrillator for Patients at Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Authors: John Hummel, Mahmoud Houmsse, Gery Tomassoni, Devi Nair, Jorge Romero, Joe Hargrove, Kiran Mathews, Anjali B. Thakkar, Steven Ullery, Zubin J. Eapen, Uday N. Kumar, Roxana Mehran, Javed Butler, Joe L. Hargrove, Joseph Surber, Bruce Goldner, Gery Tomassoni, James Stone, Faisal Wahid, Mikhael El-Chami, Steve Zweibel, Devi Nair, Brett Atwater, Kavita Krishnasamy, Zayd Eldadah, Dilesh Patel, Rafael Cavalcanti, Sandeep Singh, Sunil Sinha, Mahmoud Houmsse, Robert Long, Robert Pickett, Chandhiran Rangaswamy, Kaustubha Patil, Steven Bailin, Charles Joyner, Theofanie Mela, Jonathan Shirazi, Gioia Turitto, Jorge Romero, Robert Gordon, Luigi Di Biase, Yehoshua Levine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

For many patients, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) risk is elevated temporarily. Wearable cardioverter-defibrillators (WCDs) can monitor and treat SCA during these temporary periods. Traditional WCDs can be uncomfortable, require frequent maintenance, and cannot be used when showering, resulting in poor compliance and avoidable SCA deaths. The Jewel is a novel, water-resistant patch-wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (P-WCD) with a machine learning detection algorithm designed to improve compliance and protection against SCA.
Effect of Time-Varying Exposure to School-Based Health Promotion on Adiposity in Childhood
Authors: Gloria Santos-Beneit, Patricia Bodega, Amaya de Cos-Gandoy, Mercedes de Miguel, Carla Rodríguez, Xavier Orrit, Vanesa Carral, Domingo Haro, Isabel Carvajal, Carlos Peyra, Jesús Martínez-Gómez, Juan Miguel Fernández-Alvira, Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

The results of most school-based health promotion initiatives are inconclusive.