tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Incidence of Fractures in Patients With Nonfunctional Adrenal Tumors
Authors: Jonatan D. Lindh, Jekaterina Patrova, Buster Mannheimer, Henrik Falhammar
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance It is unclear whether nonfunctional adrenal tumors (NFATs) are associated with fractures. Objective To analyze fracture frequencies in individuals with NFATs. Design, Setting, and Participants A national retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with NFATs diagnosed in Sweden between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2019, and control participants without adrenal tumors followed up until death or the end of 2019. Individuals with a diagnosis of adrenal hormonal excess or previous malignant tumors were excluded. Sensitivity analyses were performed in subgroups of individuals with a combination of gallbladder, biliary tract, and pancreas diseases (for whom it was assumed that controls would also have undergone computed tomography) and 3- and 12-month survival free of malignant tumors after the NFAT diagnosis. The data were analyzed from September to November 2023. Exposures Diagnosis of NFATs. Main Outcomes and Measures Main study outcomes were prevalence and incidence of fractures after adjustment for sex, age, and comorbidities. Secondary outcomes were fragility fractures, fractures with fall on the same level, and fracture locations (distal arm and vertebral and hip fractures). Fracture incidence after adrenalectomy was also studied. Results Among 20 390 patients, 12 120 (59.4%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (57-73) years; among 125 392 controls, 69 994 (55.8%) were women, and the median (IQR) age was 66 (57-73) years. Previous fractures were more common in patients diagnosed with NFATs compared with controls (4310 of 20 390 [21.1%] vs 20 323 of 125 392 [16.2%]; odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.34-1.45; adjusted OR [AOR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23-1.33). During the follow-up period (median [IQR], 4.9 [2.2-8.2] years), incident fractures were more common in patients with NFATs (3127 of 20 390 [15.3%] vs 16 086 of 125 392 [12.8%]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34-1.45; adjusted HR [AHR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.22-1.33). An association between NFATs and vertebral fractures was found (AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.33-1.72; AHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.60-2.09). In men younger than 50 years, NFATs were associated with fractures (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.21-1.74; AHR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.20-1.82). There was no association among individuals who had undergone adrenalectomy (AHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.90-1.38). The association between NFATs and fractures remained significant and of similar magnitude in all sensitivity analyses. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, NFATs were associated with fractures, particularly among younger men; thus, patients with NFATs should have bone health evaluation with appropriate treatment and monitoring, especially in younger men.
Recreational Cannabis Legalization, Retail Sales, and Adolescent Substance Use Through 2021
Authors: Rebekah Levine Coley, Naoka Carey, Claudia Kruzik, Summer Sherburne Hawkins, Christopher F. Baum
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study using survey datasets evaluates recreational cannabis legalization and retail sales policies and adolescent substance use through 2021.
Improving Medical Communication
Authors: LaKesha N. Anderson, Christy J. W. Ledford
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RSV Vaccination—The Juice Is Worth the Squeeze
Authors: Tracy Y. Wang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Electronic Health Record Population Health Management for Chronic Kidney Disease Care
Authors: Manisha Jhamb, Melanie R. Weltman, Susan M. Devaraj, Linda-Marie Ustaris Lavenburg, Zhuoheng Han, Alaa A. Alghwiri, Gary S. Fischer, Bruce L. Rollman, Thomas D. Nolin, Jonathan G. Yabes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Large gaps in clinical care in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lead to poor outcomes.
A Rare Neurological Presentation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease
Authors: Murva Asad, Arpan R. Mehta, Dermot Mallon
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

This case report describes a 17-year-old boy with reduced consciousness and T2-weighted hyperintensity, focal diffusion restriction, and microhemorrhages within the deep gray nuclei and surrounding white matter.
Leave of Absence and Medical Student Placement Into Graduate Medical Education by Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, Regina Russell, Tonya Fancher, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Mayur M. Desai, Dowin Boatright
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study examines the association between taking a leave of absence from medical school and placement into graduate medical education (GME) by race and ethnicity.
Author Correction: Breaking the performance ceiling for neoantigen immunogenicity prediction
Authors: Hugh O’Brien, Max Salm, Laura T. Morton, Maciej Szukszto, Felix O’Farrell, Charlotte Boulton, Pablo D. Becker, Yardena Samuels, Charles Swanton, Marc R. Mansour, Sine Reker Hadrup, Sergio A. Quezada
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)
Author Correction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Stephen V. Faraone, Mark A. Bellgrove, Isabell Brikell, Samuele Cortese, Catharina A. Hartman, Chris Hollis, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Alexandra Philipsen, Guilherme V. Polanczyk, Katya Rubia, Margaret H. Sibley, Jan K. Buitelaar
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2024)
Clinicopathologic Heterogeneity and Glial Activation Patterns in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Naomi Kouri, Isabelle Frankenhauser, Zhongwei Peng, Sydney A. Labuzan, Baayla D. C. Boon, Christina M. Moloney, Cyril Pottier, Daniel P. Wickland, Kelsey Caetano-Anolles, Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier, Jessica F. Tranovich, Ashley C. Wood, Kelly M. Hinkle, Sarah J. Lincoln, A. J. Spychalla, Matthew L. Senjem, Scott A. Przybelski, Erica Engelberg-Cook, Christopher G. Schwarz, Rain S. Kwan, Elizabeth R. Lesser, Julia E. Crook, Rickey E. Carter, Owen A. Ross, Christian Lachner, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Tanis J. Ferman, Julie A. Fields, Mary M. Machulda, Vijay K. Ramanan, Aivi T. Nguyen, R. Ross Reichard, David T. Jones, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Bradley F. Boeve, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack, Kejal Kantarci, Gregory S. Day, Ranjan Duara, Neill R. Graff-Radford, Dennis W. Dickson, Val J. Lowe, Prashanthi Vemuri, Melissa E. Murray
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Factors associated with clinical heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease (AD) lay along a continuum hypothesized to associate with tangle distribution and are relevant for understanding glial activation considerations in therapeutic advancement.
Trends in the Management of Anterior Mitral Leaflet Regurgitation
Authors: Sherif Khairallah, Mohamed Rahouma, Ivancarmine Gambardella, Robert Habib, Mario Gaudino, Leonard Girardi, Stephanie L. Mick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The overall prevalence of mitral valve replacement (MVR) or MV repair at the time of cardiac surgery in the setting of isolated anterior mitral leaflet degenerative pathologic status in the US population is unknown. Objective To investigate the prevalence of MVR and MV repair using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ Adult Cardiac Surgery Database. Design, Setting, and Participants In a cross-sectional study, all patients diagnosed with isolated anterior mitral leaflet degenerative regurgitation who underwent either surgical MVR or MV repair between July 1, 2011, and June 30, 2022, were identified. Linear regression analysis was used to assess trends over time. Main Outcomes and Measures Assessment of the trends in MV repair and MVR over time. Results A total of 16 259 patients (9624 [59.2%] men) were identified, and the median age was 68 (IQR, 58-74) years. A total of 7214 patients (44.4%) had MVR, and 9045 (55.6%) had MV repair. There was a declining trend of MV repair from 58.0% in 2011 to 51.6% in 2022 ( P = .05). The MVR group was older (median [IQR] age, 70 [62-77] vs 67 [58-74] years; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and had more comorbidities. A total of 85.1% of all patients underwent concomitant procedures. In 81.7% of MVR cases, no attempt at MV repair was made. The median (IQR) annual hospital volume was lower with MVR vs MV repair (2.50 [1.50-5.00] vs 4.00 [2.00-7.00]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Conventional surgical approaches were most common (91.5%) but with a declining trend ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Minimally invasive approaches were used in 13.1% (robotic, 4.6%), and with an inclining trend from 5.0% in 2011 to 12.0% in 2022 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Annuloplasty was performed in 88.8% of MV repair cases. Its use as a sole mean of MV repair decreased from 48.0% in 2011 to 13.9% in 2022 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Repair maneuvers in addition to annuloplasty were neochordae (overall 40.1%, increasing from 22.5% in 2011 to 62.3% in 2022; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), leaflet resection (overall 10.2%, decreasing from 13.1% in 2011 to 7.9% in 2022, P = .002), edge-to-edge MV repair (overall 5.3%, decreasing from 6.9% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2022; P = 0.04), and chordal transfer (overall 2.4%, decreasing from 2.7% in 2011 to 0.7% in 2022; P = .004). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, MV repair was the preferred option for degenerative mitral valve disease but was only slightly more commonly performed than MVR for isolated anterior leaflet pathologic status. A large proportion of MVR was performed without an MV repair attempt, suggesting reluctance to repair this pathologic condition.
Sunflower seed allergy: Identification of novel 2S‐albumins as potential marker allergens
Authors: J. Achour, M. Reche, T. Valbuena, C. Chapuis, B. Guillon, O. Galet, K. Adel‐Patient, H. Bernard, S. Hazebrouck
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data S1: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Benchmarking bioinformatic virus identification tools using real-world metagenomic data across biomes
Authors: Ling-Yi Wu, Yasas Wijesekara, Gonçalo J. Piedade, Nikolaos Pappas, Corina P. D. Brussaard, Bas E. Dutilh
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

As most viruses remain uncultivated, metagenomics is currently the main method for virus discovery. Detecting viruses in metagenomic data is not trivial. In the past few years, many bioinformatic virus identification tools have been developed for this task, making it challenging to choose the right tools, parameters, and cutoffs. As all these tools measure different biological signals, and use different algorithms and training and reference databases, it is imperative to conduct an independent benchmarking to give users objective guidance.
Demuxafy: improvement in droplet assignment by integrating multiple single-cell demultiplexing and doublet detection methods
Authors: Drew Neavin, Anne Senabouth, Himanshi Arora, Jimmy Tsz Hang Lee, Aida Ripoll-Cladellas, Lude Franke, Shyam Prabhakar, Chun Jimmie Ye, Davis J. McCarthy, Marta Melé, Martin Hemberg, Joseph E. Powell
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

Abstract Recent innovations in single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide the technology to investigate biological questions at cellular resolution. Pooling cells from multiple individuals has become a common strategy, and droplets can subsequently be assigned to a specific individual by leveraging their inherent genetic differences. An implicit challenge with scRNA-seq is the occurrence of doublets—droplets containing two or more cells. We develop Demuxafy, a framework to enhance donor assignment and doublet removal through the consensus intersection of multiple demultiplexing and doublet detecting methods. Demuxafy significantly improves droplet assignment by separating singlets from doublets and classifying the correct individual.
The long-term efficacy of imatinib with hepatic resection or other local treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumours liver metastases: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Haoxiang Wen, Yihao Huang, Shaoqing Huang, Han Xiao, Wenxuan Xie, Qian Zhou, Li Tan, Yuqi Ding, Xiaofei Liu, Yang Yu, Zimin Song, Shunli Shen, Zebin Chen, Xinhua Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The liver is the most common site of metastasis from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). The authors aimed to evaluate imatinib (IM) combined with hepatic resection (HR) or other local treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), compared to IM monotherapy in long-term survival benefits in patients suffering from GIST liver metastases. Methods: Our research encompassed 238 patients diagnosed with liver metastases of GISTs from January 2002 to April 2022 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. The oncological outcomes of concern included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and liver-specific PFS. Results: Of all 238 patients, 126 were treated with IM alone (IM group), 81 with IM combined with HR (IM+HR group), and 31 with IM combined with RFA/TACE (IM+RFA/TACE group). The median follow-up time was 44.83 months. The median OS in the IM group was 132.60 months and was not reached in either the IM+HR group or the IM+RFA/TACE group. The 10-year OS rate in the IM+HR group was significantly superior to the IM group and the IM+RFA/TACE group (91.9% vs. 61.1% vs. 55.2%, respectively, P =0.015), and the liver-specific PFS ( P =0.642) and PFS ( P =0.369) in the three groups showed a beneficial trend in the combined treatment group. Multivariate analyses showed that age less than or equal to 60 years (HR 0.280, P&lt; 0.001) and IM+HR (HR 0.361, P =0.047) were independently associated with better OS. Achieving no evidence of disease through surgical intervention was independently correlated with enhanced OS (HR 0.099, P =0.034), liver-specific PFS (HR 0.388, P =0.014), and PFS (HR 0.402, P =0.004). Conclusions: In patients with GIST liver metastases, IM combined with HR might improve OS in selected patients compared with IM alone and IM combined with RFA/TACE. Achieving no evidence of disease status with surgical treatment of patients results in significant prolonging of OS, liver-specific PFS, and PFS.
A high fiber diet or supplementation with <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subspecies cremoris to pregnant mice confers protection against intestinal injury in adult offspring
Authors: Maria E. Barbian, Joshua A. Owens, Crystal R. Naudin, Patricia Denning, Ravi M. Patel, Rheinallt M. Jones
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The diet during pregnancy, or antenatal diet, influences the offspring's intestinal health. We previously showed that antenatal butyrate supplementation reduces injury in adult murine offspring with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Potential modulators of butyrate levels in the intestine include a high fiber diet or dietary supplementation with probiotics. To test this, we supplemented the diet of pregnant mice with high fiber, or with the probiotic bacteria Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. We then induced chronic colitis with DSS in their adult offspring. We demonstrate that a high fiber antenatal diet, or supplementation with Lactococcus lactis subspecies cremoris during pregnancy diminished the injury from DSS-induced colitis in offspring. These data are evidence that antenatal dietary interventions impact offspring gut health and define the antenatal diet as a therapeutic modality to enhance offspring intestinal health.
Rheumatology: What You May Have Missed in 2023
Authors: Kafaf Jalali, Lisa A. Mandl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Many patients with rheumatologic conditions receive care from physicians other than rheumatologists. Here we note key findings from 6 studies in rheumatology published in 2023 that offer valuable insights for internal medicine specialists and subspecialists outside of rheumatology. The first study investigated the effect of low-dose glucocorticoids on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 2 years and challenged existing perceptions about the risks of glucocorticoids in this setting. The second study focused on the updated guideline for preventing and treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. With the chronic and widespread use of glucocorticoids, the American College of Rheumatology emphasized the importance of assessing fracture risk and initiating pharmacologic therapy when appropriate. The third study explored the potential use of methotrexate in treating inflammatory hand osteoarthritis, suggesting a novel approach to managing this challenging and common condition. The results of the fourth article we highlight suggest that sarilumab has promise as an adjunct treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica relapse during glucocorticoid dosage tapering. The fifth study evaluated sublingual cyclobenzaprine for fibromyalgia treatment, noting both potential benefits and risks. Finally, the sixth article is a systematic review and meta-analysis that assessed the therapeutic equivalence of biosimilars and reference biologics in the treatment of patients with RA. Knowledge of this recent literature will be useful to clinicians regardless of specialty who care for patients with these commonly encountered conditions.
tRNA-derived small RNAs in human cancers: roles, mechanisms, and clinical application
Authors: Manli Zhou, Xiaoyun He, Jing Zhang, Cheng Mei, Baiyun Zhong, Chunlin Ou
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2024)

Abstract Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming. These may be new potential targets for tumor treatment. Furthermore, tsRNAs can exist abundantly and stably in various bodily fluids (e.g., blood, serum, and urine) in the form of free or encapsulated extracellular vesicles, thereby affecting intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Meanwhile, their abnormal expression is closely related to the clinicopathological features of tumor patients, such as tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of tumor patients; thus, tsRNAs can be served as a novel type of liquid biopsy biomarker. This review summarizes the discovery, production, and expression of tsRNAs and analyzes their molecular mechanisms in tumor development and potential applications in tumor therapy, which may provide new strategies for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of tumors.
Correction:<i>RAGE-induced ILC2 expansion in acute lung injury due to haemorrhagic shock</i>
Journal: Thorax (2024)

8 including panel A (Hmgb1-/-sham, and Rage-/-sham) and panel B (Control IgY sham, Anti-HMGB1 sham, and Anti-HMGB1 HS 24h) were presented incorrectly.Figure 8 has been updated with the correct images.
Stigmatizing Language, Patient Demographics, and Errors in the Diagnostic Process
Authors: Katherine C. Brooks, Katie E. Raffel, David Chia, Abhishek Karwa, Colin C. Hubbard, Andrew D. Auerbach, Sumant R. Ranji
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

This cohort study assesses the association between stigmatizing language, demographic characteristics, and errors in the diagnostic process among hospitalized adults.
Serious Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Diltiazem With Apixaban or Rivaroxaban
Authors: Wayne A. Ray, Cecilia P. Chung, C. Michael Stein, Walter Smalley, Eli Zimmerman, William D. Dupont, Adriana M. Hung, James R. Daugherty, Alyson Dickson, Katherine T. Murray
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Diltiazem, a commonly prescribed ventricular rate-control medication for patients with atrial fibrillation, inhibits apixaban and rivaroxaban elimination, possibly causing overanticoagulation.
Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors vs Sulfonylureas for Gout Prevention Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Receiving Metformin
Authors: Natalie McCormick, Chio Yokose, Na Lu, Deborah J. Wexler, J. Antonio Aviña-Zubieta, Mary A. De Vera, Rozalina G. McCoy, Hyon K. Choi
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a revolutionary treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D) with cardiovascular, kidney, and serum urate-lowering benefits.
Protecting Privacy of Pregnant and LGBTQ+ Research Participants
Authors: Ellen Wright Clayton, Harris T. Bland, Kathleen F. Mittendorf
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This Viewpoint summarizes existing federal regulations aimed at protecting research data, describes the challenges of enforcing these regulations, and discusses how evolving privacy technologies could be used to reduce health disparities and advance health equity among pregnant and LGBTQ+ research participants.