tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The protective roles of integrin α4β7 and Amphiregulin-expressing innate lymphoid cells in lupus nephritis
Authors: Seungwon Ryu, Kyung Ah Kim, Jinwoo Kim, Dong Hun Lee, Yong-Soo Bae, Hajeong Lee, Byoung Choul Kim, Hye Young Kim
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2024)

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as key regulators of the immune response in renal inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis. However, the mechanisms underlying ILC2 adhesion and migration in the kidney remain poorly understood. Here, we revealed the critical role of integrin α4β7 in mediating renal ILC2 adhesion and function. We found that integrin α4β7 enables the retention of ILC2s in the kidney by binding to VCAM-1, E-cadherin, or fibronectin on structural cells. Moreover, integrin α4β7 knockdown reduced the production of the reparative cytokine amphiregulin (Areg) by ILC2s. In lupus nephritis, TLR7/9 signaling within the kidney microenvironment downregulates integrin α4β7 expression, leading to decreased Areg production and promoting the egress of ILC2s. Notably, IL-33 treatment upregulated integrin α4β7 and Areg expression in ILC2s, thereby enhancing survival and reducing inflammation in lupus nephritis. Together, these findings highlight the potential of targeting ILC2 adhesion as a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune kidney diseases.
Screening embryos for polygenic disease risk: a review of epidemiological, clinical, and ethical considerations
Authors: Antonio Capalbo, Guido de Wert, Heidi Mertes, Liraz Klausner, Edith Coonen, Francesca Spinella, Hilde Van de Velde, Stephane Viville, Karen Sermon, Nathalie Vermeulen, Todd Lencz, Shai Carmi
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2024)

The genetic composition of embryos generated by in vitro fertilization (IVF) can be examined with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). Until recently, PGT was limited to detecting single-gene, high-risk pathogenic variants, large structural variants, and aneuploidy. Recent advances have made genome-wide genotyping of IVF embryos feasible and affordable, raising the possibility of screening embryos for their risk of polygenic diseases such as breast cancer, hypertension, diabetes, or schizophrenia. Despite a heated debate around this new technology, called polygenic embryo screening (PES; also PGT-P), it is already available to IVF patients in some countries. Several articles have studied epidemiological, clinical, and ethical perspectives on PES; however, a comprehensive, principled review of this emerging field is missing.
Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of 177Lu-FAP-2286 in the Treatment of Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Xie, Jiao Ma, Wenxin Tang, Yu Zhang, Chunyin Zhang, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (PTRT) with 177Lu-FAP-2286 in advanced lung cancer.
Pulmonary Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shuhui Huang, Hongyuan Dai, Rui Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Pulmonary epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma is very rare. We reported the imaging finding of pulmonary epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of bronchus in a 61-year-old man on 18F-FDG PET/CT. An irregular mass with an SUVmax of 6.36 growing along right upper lobe bronchus and multiple pulmonary nodules around the mass were found on 18F-FDG PET/CT. Postoperative pathology demonstrated the diagnosis of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma.
Intramedullary Spinal Cord Malakoplakia Mimicking Malignant Neoplasm on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Woo Jung Sung, Byungwook Choi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract We report a rare case of intramedullary spinal cord malakoplakia mimicking malignancy on 18 F-FDG PET/CT. A 61-year-old man underwent a contrast-enhanced spinal cord MRI to evaluate 1 week of progressive left-sided weakness. Spinal cord MRI showed a 1.3-cm enhancing intramedullary cervical spinal cord mass at C5 level with cord edema. Subsequently, 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed for evaluation. The images showed a well-circumscribed hypermetabolic mass in the spinal cord; no lesions were suggestive of malignancy or metastasis. A subtotal tumor excision was performed; histopathological examination revealed malakoplakia. This emphasizes the significance of histopathological evaluation and the importance of diagnostic confirmation.
First Experience of Radionuclide Therapy With 177Lu-FAPI-2286 in a Patient With Metastatic Mediastinal Sarcoma
Authors: Seyedeh Somayyeh Banihashemian, Mohadese Bayat, Elahe Pirayesh, Ghasemali Divband, Abdolghafar Abolhosseini, Mohammad Esmaeel Akbari
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a new promising molecular target for theragnostic approach. FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) labeled with 177Lu could be potentially a therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. Here, we presented the experience of 4 cycles of 177Lu-FAPI in a 67-year-old man with an unresectable mediastinal sarcoma.
Multiple Synchronous Thoracoabdominal Duplication Cysts With Ectopic Gastric Mucosa Detected on 99mTc-Pertechnetate Scintigraphy and SPECT/CT
Authors: Ritwik Wakankar, Sambit Sagar, Dikhra Khan, Ayan Dhiman, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Thoracoabdominal duplication cysts are a congenital malformation of the posterior primitive foregut with synchronous thoracic and abdominal duplication cysts being found in up to 15% of cases. The presentation of duplication cysts depends on their location, size, and other factors, like the presence of ectopic functioning gastric mucosa, which is reported in 20%-30% of duplication cysts. 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy along with SPECT/CT helps in the preoperative localization of ectopic functioning gastric mucosa in these duplication cysts. We report the scintigraphic and SPECT/CT findings of one such case, which helped in the final diagnosis and management of the patient.
Joint ERS/EACTS/ESTS clinical practice guidelines on adults with spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Steven Walker, Robert Hallifax, Sara Ricciardi, Deirdre Fitzgerald, Marlies Keijzers, Olivia Lauk, Jesper Petersen, Luca Bertolaccini, Uffe Bodtger, Amelia Clive, Stefano Elia, Marios Froudarakis, Julius Janssen, Y.C. Gary Lee, Peter Licht, Gilbert Massard, Blin Nagavci, Jens Neudecker, Eric Roessner, Paul Van Schil, David Waller, Thorsten Walles, Giuseppe Cardillo, Nick Maskell, Najib Rahman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background The optimal management for spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) remains contentious, with various proposed approaches. This joint clinical practice guideline from the ERS, EACTS and ESTS societies provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of SP. Methods This multidisciplinary Task Force addressed 12 key clinical questions on the management of pneumothorax, using ERS methodology for guideline development. Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE and Embase. Evidence was synthesised by conducting meta-analyses, if possible, or narratively. Certainty of evidence was rated with GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations). The Evidence to Decision framework was used to decide on the direction and strength of the recommendations. Results The panel makes a conditional recommendation for conservative care of minimally symptomatic patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) who are clinically stable. We make a strong recommendation for needle aspiration over chest tube drain for initial PSP treatment. We make a conditional recommendation for ambulatory management for initial PSP treatment. We make a conditional recommendation for early surgical intervention for the initial treatment of PSP in patients who prioritise recurrence prevention. The panel makes a conditional recommendation for autologous blood patch in secondary SP patients with persistent air leak (PAL). The panel could not make recommendations for other interventions, including bronchial valves, suction, pleurodesis in addition to surgical resection or type of surgical pleurodesis. Conclusions With this international guideline, the ERS, EACTS and ESTS societies provide clinical practice recommendations for SP management. We highlight evidence gaps for the management of PAL and recurrence prevention, with research recommendations made.
Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis from multi-modal data via feature inductive learning and dual multilevel graph neural network
Authors: Baiying Lei, Yafeng Li, Wanyi Fu, Peng Yang, Shaobin Chen, Tianfu Wang, Xiaohua Xiao, Tianye Niu, Yu Fu, Shuqiang Wang, Hongbin Han, Jing Qin
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2024)
Light-Chain Pericardial Amyloidosis Emerging Alongside Variant Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Alexander H. Gunn, Johana Fajardo, Louis Dibernardo, Carolyn Glass, Fawaz Alenezi, Ravi Karra, Ellen D. McPhail, Cristiana Costa Chase, Michel G. Khouri
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2024)
Strengthening life-course immunisation in migrant populations: access, equity, and inclusion
Authors: Felicity Knights, Jessica Carter, Anna Deal, Alison Crawshaw, Oumnia Bouaddi, Nuria Sanchez-Clemente, Farah Seedat, Sam Vanderslott, Rachel Eagan, Daphne E. Holt, Yusuf Ciftci, Miriam Orcutt, Holly Seale, Santino Severoni, Sally Hargreaves
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

Adult and adolescent migrants worldwide, and those arriving in Europe, are an under-immunised group for routine vaccinations due to missed childhood vaccines and doses in their countries of origin, and their subsequent marginalisation from health and vaccination systems. Declining population-level coverage for routine vaccines across Europe, which has accelerated post-pandemic, places these and other under-immunised populations at even greater risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. However, despite clear guidelines around the importance of delivering 'catch-up' vaccination throughout the life-course, migrants are rarely effectively incorporated into routine vaccination programmes on arrival to Europe. These populations have subsequently been involved in outbreaks, including measles and diphtheria, and are missing opportunities to receive more recently introduced vaccines such as HPV to align them with European vaccine schedules. WHO's new Immunization Agenda 2030 places a renewed emphasis on equitable access to vaccine systems and integrating catch-up vaccination for missed vaccines and doses throughout the life-course. In addition, lessons learned and innovations from the COVID-19 pandemic merit further consideration in the design and delivery of more inclusive vaccination programmes. We describe current gaps in policy and practice around life-course vaccination in migrant populations, key factors that drive low vaccine uptake and coverage, and explore the benefits of participatory approaches to designing and delivering interventions with impacted communities, to define new strategies to advance vaccine equity across the Region.
Migrant-sensitive healthcare in Europe: advancing health equity through accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust
Authors: Sibel T. Savas, Michael Knipper, Diane Duclos, Esther Sharma, María Idoia Ugarte-Gurrutxaga, Karl Blanchet
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

The advancement of migrant-sensitive health care in Europe has been a topic of many initiatives and academics debates for over 20 years in Europe, yet with rather limited progress in terms of comprehensive and sustainable implementation. We argue that a human rights-based approach with clearly defined duties and responsibilities of governments, relevant public and private institutions as well as professionals is needed, in line with a sound understanding and thoughtful implementation and further development of concepts and standards for providing migrant sensitive care as an essential component of Universal Health Coverage. We suggest drawing particular attention to the interrelated features of accessibility, acceptability, quality, and trust to inform policies and practice. Innovative approaches with substantial involvement of social and cultural sciences are needed for adapting clinical care and health services to the growing social and cultural diversity of European societies.
Fluffy hybrid nanoadjuvants for reversing the imbalance of osteoclastic and osteogenic niches in osteoporosis
Authors: Guoyang Zhang, Yuhao Kang, Jizhao Dong, Dingyi Shi, Yu Xiang, Haihan Gao, Zhiqi Lin, Xiaojuan Wei, Ren Ding, Beibei Fan, Hongmei Zhang, Tonghe Zhu, Liren Wang, Xiaoyu Yan
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Osteoporosis is majorly caused by an imbalance between osteoclastic and osteogenic niches. Despite the development of nationally recognized first-line anti-osteoporosis drugs, including alendronate (AL), their low bioavailability, poor uptake rate, and dose-related side effects present significant challenges in treatment. This calls for an urgent need for more effective bone-affinity drug delivery systems. In this study, we produced hybrid structures with bioactive components and stable fluffy topological morphology by cross-linking calcium and phosphorus precursors based on mesoporous silica to fabricate nanoadjuvants for AL delivery. The subsequent grafting of -PEG-DAsp8 ensured superior biocompatibility and bone targeting capacity. RNA sequencing revealed that these fluffy nanoadjuvants effectively activated adhesion pathways through CARD11 and CD34 molecular mechanisms, hence promoting cellular uptake and intracellular delivery of AL. Experiments showed that small-dose AL nanoadjuvants effectively suppress osteoclast formation and potentially promote osteogenesis. In vivo results restored the balance between osteogenic and osteoclastic niches against osteoporosis as well as the consequent significant recovery of bone mass. Therefore, this study constructed a drug nanoadjuvant with peculiar topological structures and high bone targeting capacities, efficient intracellular drug delivery as well as bone bioactivity. This provides a novel perspective on drug delivery for osteoporosis and treatment strategies for other bone diseases.
3D printing of interferon γ-preconditioned NSC-derived exosomes/collagen/chitosan biological scaffolds for neurological recovery after TBI
Authors: Chong Chen, Zhe-Han Chang, Bin Yao, Xiao-Yin Liu, Xiao-Wang Zhang, Jun Liang, Jing-Jing Wang, Shuang-Qing Bao, Meng-Meng Chen, Ping Zhu, Xiao-Hong Li
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

The reconstruction of neural function and recovery of chronic damage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain significant clinical challenges. Exosomes derived from neural stem cells (NSCs) offer various benefits in TBI treatment. Numerous studies confirmed that appropriate preconditioning methods enhanced the targeted efficacy of exosome therapy. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) possesses immunomodulatory capabilities and is widely involved in neurological disorders. In this study, IFN-γ was employed for preconditioning NSCs to enhance the efficacy of exosome (IFN-Exo, IE) for TBI. miRNA sequencing revealed the potential of IFN-Exo in promoting neural differentiation and modulating inflammatory responses. Through low-temperature 3D printing, IFN-Exo was combined with collagen/chitosan (3D-CC-IE) to preserve the biological activity of the exosome. The delivery of exosomes via biomaterial scaffolds benefited the retention and therapeutic potential of exosomes, ensuring that they could exert long-term effects at the injury site. The 3D-CC-IE scaffold exhibited excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. Subsequently, 3D-CC-IE scaffold significantly improved impaired motor and cognitive functions after TBI in rat. Histological results showed that 3D-CC-IE scaffold markedly facilitated the reconstruction of damaged neural tissue and promoted endogenous neurogenesis. Further mechanistic validation suggested that IFN-Exo alleviated neuroinflammation by modulating the MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, the results of this study indicated that 3D-CC-IE scaffold engaged in long-term pathophysiological processes, fostering neural function recovery after TBI, offering a promising regenerative therapy avenue.
Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System — Puerto Rico, 2012–2022
Authors: Zachary J. Madewell, Alfonso C. Hernandez-Romieu, Joshua M. Wong, Laura D. Zambrano, Hannah R. Volkman, Janice Perez-Padilla, Dania M. Rodriguez, Olga Lorenzi, Carla Espinet, Jorge Munoz-Jordan, Verónica M. Frasqueri-Quintana, Vanessa Rivera-Amill, Luisa I. Alvarado-Domenech, Diego Sainz, Jorge Bertran, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Laura E. Adams
Journal: MMWR Surveillance Summaries (2024)

Problem/Condition: Dengue is the most prevalent mosquitoborne viral illness worldwide and is endemic in Puerto Rico.Dengue's clinical spectrum can range from mild, undifferentiated febrile illness to hemorrhagic manifestations, shock, multiorgan failure, and death in severe cases.The disease presentation is nonspecific; therefore, various other illnesses (e.g., arboviral and respiratory pathogens) can cause similar clinical symptoms.Enhanced surveillance is necessary to determine disease prevalence, to characterize the epidemiology of severe disease, and to evaluate diagnostic and treatment practices to improve patient outcomes.The Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System (SEDSS) was established to monitor trends of dengue and dengue-like acute febrile illnesses (AFIs), characterize the clinical course of disease, and serve as an early warning system for viral infections with epidemic potential.
Atorvastatin Effect on Aortic Dilatation and Valvular Calcification Progression in Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BICATOR): A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arturo Evangelista, Laura Galian-Gay, Andrea Guala, Gisela Teixido-Tura, Francisco Calvo-Iglesias, Teresa Sevilla, Javier Bermejo, Irene Méndez, Violeta Sánchez, Juan M. Robledo Carmona, Josep M. Alegret, Elena Ferrer-Sistach, Daniel Saura, Aroa Ruiz-Muñoz, Lydia Dux-Santoy, María Ángeles Carmona, Marina Huguet, Hug Cuellar-Calabria, Augusto Sao-Avilés, Ignacio Ferreira-González, Jose F. Rodríguez-Palomares
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Ascending aorta dilation and aortic valve degeneration are common complications in patients with bicuspid aortic valve. Several retrospective studies have suggested the benefit of statins in reducing these complications. This study aimed to determine whether atorvastatin treatment is effective in reducing the growth of aortic diameters in bicuspid aortic valve and if it slows the progression of valve calcification. In a randomized clinical trial, 220 patients with bicuspid aortic valve (43 women; 46±13 years of age) were included and treated with either 20 mg of atorvastatin per day or placebo for 3 years. Inclusion criteria were ≥18 years of age, nonsevere valvular dysfunction, nonsevere valve calcification, and ascending aorta diameter ≤50 mm. Computed tomography and echocardiography studies were performed at baseline and after 3 years of treatment. During follow-up, 28 patients (12.7%) discontinued medical treatment (15 on atorvastatin and 13 taking placebo). Thus, 192 patients completed the 36 months of treatment. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the atorvastatin group (median [interquartile range], -30 mg/dL [-51.65 to -1.75 mg/dL] versus 6 mg/dL [-4, 22.5 mg/dL]; P<0.001). The maximum ascending aorta diameter increased with no differences between groups: 0.65 mm (95% CI, 0.45-0.85) in the atorvastatin group and 0.74 mm (95% CI, 0.45-1.04) in the placebo group (P=0.613). Similarly, no significant differences were found for the progression of the aortic valve calcium score (P=0.167) or valvular dysfunction. Among patients with bicuspid aortic valve without severe valvular dysfunction, atorvastatin treatment was not effective in reducing the progression of ascending aorta dilation and aortic valve calcification during 3 years of treatment despite a significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu; Unique identifier: 2015-001808-57. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02679261.
Use of a Large Language Model to Identify and Classify Injuries With Free-Text Emergency Department Data
Authors: Giulia Lorenzoni, Dario Gregori, Silvia Bressan, Honoria Ocagli, Danila Azzolina, Liviana Da Dalt, Paola Berchialla
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study assesses the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of a large language model used to process unstructured, non-English emergency department (ED) data in medical records.
C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified nanoparticles treat retinal neovascularization by promoting M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: An Shao, Lulu Jin, Yanni Ge, Ziqiang Ye, Mingyu Xu, Yifan Zhou, Yingyu Li, Linyan Wang, Pinglong Xu, Kai Jin, Zhengwei Mao, Juan Ye
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Retinal neovascularization (RNV), a typical pathological manifestation involved in most neovascular diseases, causes retinal detachment, vision loss, and ultimately irreversible blindness. Repeated intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF drugs were developed against RNV, with limitations of incomplete responses and adverse effects. Therefore, a new treatment with a better curative effect and more prolonged dosage is demanding. Here, we induced macrophage polarization to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling with an antagonist C176, appreciating the role of cGAS-STING signaling in the retina in pro-inflammatory M1 polarization. C176-loaded and phosphatidylserine-modified dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles were constructed and examined by a single intravitreal injection. The biosafe nanoparticles were phagocytosed by retinal macrophages through a phosphatidylserine-mediated "eat me" signal, which persistently release C176 to suppress STING signaling and thereby promote macrophage M2 polarization specifically. A single dosage can effectively alleviate pathological angiogenesis phenotypes in murine oxygen-induced retinopathy models. In conclusion, these C176-loaded nanoparticles with enhanced cell uptake and long-lasting STING inhibition effects might serve as a promising way for treating RNV.
Extraction of a perigastric foreign body using a lumen-apposing metal stent
Authors: Félix Corre, Marine Carpentier-Pourquier, Juliette Leroux, Romain Coriat, Stanislas Chaussade, Arthur Belle, Maximilien Barret
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) were initially developed to drain perigastric pancreatic necrotic collections and perform endoscopic necrosectomy.
The World Health Organization Pandemic Agreement draft: Considerations by the ESCMID Emerging Infections Task Force (EITaF)
Authors: Guido Granata, Roberta Astorri, Els M. Broens, Helen Callaby, Flávia Cunha, Antonino Di Caro, Francesco Maria Fusco, Gilbert Greub, Martin P. Grobusch, Marion Koopmans, Ana Pereira do Vale, Raffaella Pisapia, Chantal P. Rovers, Alma Tostmann, Varol Tunali, Sofia R. de Valdoleiros, Eskild Petersen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Vacuum stent: a game-changer in endoscopic multistep management of leakage following bariatric surgery
Authors: Marina La Marca, Maria Luisa Bianchi, Andrea Lucchi, Laura Agostinelli, Giulia Vitali, Angelo De Padova, Marco Di Marco
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The most common adverse events following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy are leaks in the staple line, which occur in up to 2% of cases [1]. Apart from surgical repair, various endoscopic treatment options have been explored such as placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) [2]. Recently, endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has become a valid alternative owing to a clinical success rate of up to 95%, shorter treatment duration, and lower mortality rate [3]. However, intraluminal EVT in the upper gastrointestinal tract prevents early enteral nutrition. The VACStent (Micro-Tech Europe, Dusseldorf, Germany) is a new treatment option that overcomes the drawbacks of endoluminal EVT and combines EVT with the advantages of covered stenting.