tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic sphincterotomy to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis after self-expandable metal stent placement for distal malignant biliary obstruction (SPHINX): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Anke M Onnekink, Myrte Gorris, Noor Lh Bekkali, Philip Bos, Paul Didden, J Enrique Dominguez-Muñoz, Pieter Friederich, Emo E van Halsema, Wouter L Hazen, Nadine C van Huijgevoort, Akin Inderson, Maarten Ajm Jacobs, Jan J Koornstra, Sjoerd Kuiken, Bob Ch Scheffer, Hilbert Sloterdijk, Ellert J van Soest, Niels G Venneman, Rogier P Voermans, Thomas R de Wijkerslooth, Janneke Wonders, Roeland Zoutendijk, Serge Jlb Zweers, Paul Fockens, Robert C Verdonk, Roy L J van Wanrooij, Jeanin E Van Hooft
Journal: Gut (2024)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with fully covered self-expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) placement is the preferred approach for biliary drainage in patients with suspected distal malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). However, FCSEMS placement is associated with a high risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Endoscopic sphincterotomy prior to FCSEMS placement may reduce PEP risk.
Tale of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review with longitudinal and multivariate meta-analysis
Authors: Michael Girdwood, Adam G Culvenor, Ebonie K Rio, Brooke E Patterson, Melissa Haberfield, Jamon Couch, Benjamin Mentiplay, Michael Hedger, Kay M Crossley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

This study aimed to investigate how knee extensor and flexor strength change over time after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
Reply to the Letter to the Editor Concerning Metabolic and Pharma-cological Interactions of 131I-MIBG
Authors: Ruaa Al Ward, Steven G. Waguespack, Jeena Varghese, Yang Lu, Camilo Jimenez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Al Ward, Ruaa MD; Waguespack, Steven G. MD; Varghese, Jeena MD; Lu, Yang MD, PhD; Jimenez, Camilo MD Author Information
Consensus, debate, and prospective on pancreatic cancer treatments
Authors: Junke Wang, Jie Yang, Amol Narang, Jin He, Christopher Wolfgang, Keyu Li, Lei Zheng
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most aggressive solid tumors. As a systemic disease, despite the improvement of multi-modality treatment strategies, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer was not improved dramatically. For resectable or borderline resectable patients, the surgical strategy centered on improving R0 resection rate is consensus; however, the role of neoadjuvant therapy in resectable patients and the optimal neoadjuvant therapy of chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in borderline resectable patients were debated. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of gemcitabine/capecitabine or mFOLFIRINOX is recommended regardless of the margin status. Chemotherapy as the first-line treatment strategy for advanced or metastatic patients included FOLFIRINOX, gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel, or NALIRIFOX regimens whereas 5-FU plus liposomal irinotecan was the only standard of care second-line therapy. Immunotherapy is an innovative therapy although anti-PD-1 antibody is currently the only agent approved by for MSI-H, dMMR, or TMB-high solid tumors, which represent a very small subset of pancreatic cancers. Combination strategies to increase the immunogenicity and to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment may sensitize pancreatic cancer to immunotherapy. Targeted therapies represented by PARP and KRAS inhibitors are also under investigation, showing benefits in improving progression-free survival and objective response rate. This review discusses the current treatment modalities and highlights innovative therapies for pancreatic cancer.
Sleep Irregularity and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Device-Based Prospective Study in Adults
Authors: Jean-Philippe Chaput, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Matthew Ahmadi, Peter A. Cistulli, Angelo Sabag, Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Emmanuel Stamatakis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To prospectively examine the association between device-measured sleep regularity and incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a population-based sample of adults. We also examined if meeting sleep duration recommendations attenuated or eliminated the effects of irregular sleep on T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults aged 40–79 years participating in the UK Biobank accelerometer substudy. Participants wore wrist-attached accelerometers for a duration of 7 days, which was used to compute the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Participants were categorized as irregular (SRI &amp;lt;71.6), moderately irregular (SRI between 71.6 and 87.3), and regular (SRI &amp;gt;87.3) sleepers. T2D diagnosis was obtained through self-reports and health records. RESULTS We analyzed data from 73,630 individuals observed for 8 years, without a history of T2D and without an event in the first year of follow-up. Compared with regular sleepers, irregular (hazard ratio [HR] 1.38; 95% CI 1.20–1.59) and moderately irregular sleepers (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.19–1.53) were at higher risk of T2D incidence. Dose-response analyses treating SRI as a continuous measure showed higher T2D incidence with SRI scores &amp;lt;80. Meeting current sleep duration recommendations did not counteract the adverse effects of irregular (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.09–1.66) or moderately irregular (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08–1.54) sleep on T2D incidence. CONCLUSIONS Moderate and high sleep irregularity were deleteriously associated with T2D risk, even in participants who slept ≥7 h per night. Future sleep interventions will need to pay more attention to consistency in bedtimes and wake-up times, in addition to sleep duration and quality.
The Role of Urban Residence, Race and Ethnicity, and Glycemic Control in Receiving Standards of Care and Progression to Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jithin Sam Varghese, Vishnu Ravi Kumar, Jackson Bartelt, Andrew M. Hendrick, Francisco J. Pasquel
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

Among patients with diabetes living in the U.S. with newly detected mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without diabetic macular edema (DME), we aimed to characterize determinants for receiving standards of care and progression to vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) (severe NPDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, DME).
Microbiome’s role in musculoskeletal health through the gut-bone axis insights
Authors: Zhengrui Li, Qi Wang, Xufeng Huang, Yinteng Wu, Dan Shan
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The interplay between the human microbiome and the musculoskeletal system represents a burgeoning field of research with profound implications for understanding and treating musculoskeletal disorders. This review articulates the pivotal role of the microbiome in modulating bone health, highlighting the gut-bone axis as a critical nexus for potential therapeutic intervention. Through a meticulous analysis of recent clinical research, we underscore the microbiome's influence on osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis, delineating both the direct and indirect mechanisms by which microbiota could impact musculoskeletal integrity and function. Our investigation reveals novel insights into the microbiota's contribution to bone density regulation, hormone production, immune modulation, and nutrient absorption, laying the groundwork for innovative microbiome-based strategies in musculoskeletal disease management. Significantly, we identify the challenges hindering the translation of research into clinical practice, including the limitations of current microbial sequencing techniques and the need for standardized methodologies in microbiome studies. Furthermore, we highlight promising directions for future research, particularly in the realm of personalized medicine, where the microbiome's variability offers unique opportunities for tailored treatment approaches. This review sets a new agenda for leveraging gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, marking a pivotal step toward integrating microbiome science into clinical musculoskeletal care.
Equity-Focused Evaluation of a Medicaid-Funded Statewide Diabetes Quality Improvement Project Collaborative
Authors: Joshua J. Joseph, Adam T. Perzynski, Kathleen M. Dungan, Elizabeth A. Beverly, Douglas Einstadter, Jordan Fiegl, Thomas E. Love, Douglas Spence, Katherine Jenkins, Allison Lorenz, Shah Jalal Uddin, Kelly McCutcheon Adams, Michael W. Konstan, Mary S. Applegate, Shari D. Bolen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

To evaluate the Ohio Diabetes Quality Improvement Project (QIP) equity aim to reduce the percentage of Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Hispanic patients with A1C >9% by ≥20% over 2 years.
Exploring Novel Pharmacotherapy Candidates for Cannabis Use Disorder: Uncovering Promising Agents on the Horizon by Mechanism of Action
Authors: Myra Alayoubi, Brittany A. Henry, Catherine M. Cahill, Ziva D. Cooper
Journal: Drugs (2024)

With rapid expansion of cannabis legalization worldwide, rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are increasing; the need for safe and effective medications to treat CUD is urgent. This narrative review evaluates evidence for promising pharmacotherapies to treat CUD from randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Pharmacotherapies for CUD are categorized based on compound targets (e.g., cannabinoid receptor 1 [CB1] agonists such as nabilone, serotonergic compounds such as bupropion, GABAergic compounds such as zolpidem) and outcomes are organized by predetermined withdrawal symptoms, cannabis craving, and cannabis relapse/use. Most promising pharmacotherapies for CUD are drugs that act on the endocannabinoid system and specifically at the CB1 receptor. Priority populations such as females, certain racial/ethnic groups, and age groups experience a different course of CUD progression, symptoms, and drug effects that are important to consider when evaluating outcomes related to CUD. Possible explanations for these disparities are explored, along with the clinical trials that explore these demographics in treating CUD with pharmacotherapies.
Stimulating Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase with the Clinical Agonist Riociguat Restrains the Development and Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ling Zhang, Clara I. Troccoli, Beatriz Mateo-Victoriano, Laura Misiara Lincheta, Erin Jackson, Ping Shu, Trisha Plastini, Wensi Tao, Deukwoo Kwon, X. Steven. Chen, Janaki Sharma, Merce Jorda, Surinder Kumar, David B. Lombard, James L. Gulley, Marijo Bilusic, Albert C. Lockhart, Annie Beuve, Priyamvada Rai
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is incurable and fatal, making prostate cancer the second-leading cancer-related cause of death for American men. CRPC results from therapeutic resistance to standard-of-care androgen deprivation (AD) treatments, through incompletely understood molecular mechanisms, and lacks durable therapeutic options. Here, we identified enhanced soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) signaling as a mechanism that restrains CRPC initiation and growth. Patients with aggressive, fatal CRPC exhibited significantly lower serum levels of the sGC catalytic product cyclic GMP (cGMP) compared to their castration-sensitive stage. In emergent castration-resistant cells isolated from castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) populations, the obligate sGC heterodimer was repressed via methylation of its beta subunit. Genetically abrogating sGC complex formation in CSPC cells promoted evasion of AD-induced senescence and concomitant castration-resistant tumor growth. In established castration-resistant cells, the sGC complex was present but in a reversibly oxidized and inactive state. Subjecting CRPC cells to AD regenerated the functional complex, and co-treatment with riociguat, an FDA-approved sGC agonist, evoked redox stress-induced apoptosis. Riociguat decreased castration-resistant tumor growth and increased apoptotic markers, with elevated cGMP levels correlating significantly with lower tumor burden. Riociguat treatment reorganized tumor vasculature and eliminated hypoxic tumor niches, decreasing CD44+ tumor progenitor cells and increasing the radiosensitivity of castration-resistant tumors. Thus, this study showed that enhancing sGC activity can inhibit CRPC emergence and progression through tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic effects. Riociguat can be repurposed to overcome CRPC, with noninvasive monitoring of cGMP levels as a marker for on-target efficacy.
Exposure to Air Pollutants and Myocardial Infarction Incidence: A UK Biobank Study Exploring Gene–Environment Interaction
Authors: Yudiyang Ma, Dankang Li, Feipeng Cui, Jianing Wang, Linxi Tang, Yingping Yang, Run Liu, Junqing Xie, Yaohua Tian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Unraveling gene-environment interaction can provide a novel insight into early disease prevention. Nevertheless, current understanding of the interplay between genetic predisposition and air pollution in relation to myocardial infarction (MI) risk remains limited. Furthermore, the potential long-term influence of air pollutants on MI incidence risk warrants more conclusive evidence in a community population.
RAG-seq: A NSR Primed and Transposase Tagmentation Mediated Strand-specific Total RNA Sequencing in Single Cell
Authors: Ping Xu, Zhiheng Yuan, Xiaohua Lu, Peng Zhou, Ding Qiu, Zhenghao Qiao, Zhongcheng Zhou, Li Guan, Yongkang Jia, Xuan He, Ling Sun, Youzhong Wan, Ming Wang, Yang Yu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed our understanding of cellular diversity with unprecedented resolution. However, many current methods are limited in capturing full-length transcripts and discerning strand orientation. We present RAG-seq, an innovative strand-specific total RNA sequencing technique that combines not-so-random (NSR) primers with Tn5 transposase-mediated tagmentation. RAG-seq overcomes previous limitations by delivering comprehensive transcript coverage and maintaining strand orientation, which is essential for accurate quantification of overlapping genes and detection of antisense transcripts. Through optimized reverse transcription with oligo dT primers, rRNA depletion via Depletion of Abundant Sequences by Hybridization (DASH), and linear amplification, RAG-seq enhances sensitivity and reproducibility, especially for low-input samples and single cells. Application to mouse oocytes and early embryos highlights RAG-seq's superior performance in identifying stage-specific antisense transcripts, shedding light on their regulatory roles during early development. This advancement represents a significant leap in transcriptome analysis within complex biological contexts.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Mpox Cluster Caused by Tecovirimat-Resistant Monkeypox Virus — Five States, October 2023–February 2024
Authors: Crystal M. Gigante, Jade Takakuwa, Daisy McGrath, Chantal Kling, Todd G. Smith, Mengfei Peng, Kimberly Wilkins, Jacob M. Garrigues, Taylor Holly, Hannah Barbian, Alyse Kittner, Danielle Haydel, Emma Ortega, Gillian Richardson, Julie Hand, Jill K. Hacker, Alex Espinosa, Monica Haw, Chantha Kath, Meilan Bielby, Kirstin Short, Kimberly Johnson, Nelson De La Cruz, Whitni Davidson, Christine Hughes, Nicole M. Green, Nicolle Baird, Agam K. Rao, Christina L. Hutson
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

The antiviral drug tecovirimat* has been used extensively to treat U.S. mpox cases since the start of a global outbreak in 2022. Mutations in the mpox viral protein target (F13 or VP37) that occur during treatment can result in resistance to tecovirimat
Environmental Outcomes of Reducing Medication Waste by Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Elisabeth M. Smale, Anne B. Ottenbros, Bart J. F. van den Bemt, Eibert R. Heerdink, Jelle Verploegen, Rosalie van Zelm, Toine C. G. Egberts, Charlotte L. Bekker
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Medications are associated with substantial environmental outcomes, yet frequently end up being unused by patients. Waste-minimizing interventions, such as redispensing of quality-approved oral anticancer drugs remaining unused by patients at home, could reduce the environmental footprint of cancer treatment. Objectives To assess the environmental outcomes of redispensing quality-assured oral anticancer drugs and to explore how redispensing could be environmentally optimized. Design, Setting, and Participants In this quality improvement study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed in the outpatient pharmacy of 4 Dutch hospitals, based on a prospective multicenter trial comprising 1071 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cancer and an active prescription for an oral anticancer drug stored at room temperature from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with a follow-up of 12 months per patient. Intervention Participants received prescribed oral anticancer drugs with additional quality-assurance materials (ie, seal bags and time-temperature indicators), so the pharmacy could redispense quality-assured drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life, and/or adequate storage. Main Outcomes and Measures The estimated environmental outcomes avoided due to waste reduction (ie, production and transport and incineration of redispensed oral anticancer drugs) corrected for outcomes of process burdens (ie, quality assurance materials), quantified in 3 outcome measures: human health damage (disability-adjusted life-years), ecosystems damage (species × year), and climate change (kg of carbon dioxide equivalent [CO 2-eq ]) per patient per year. Results A volunteer sample of 1071 patients (median age, 70 years [IQR, 62-75 years]; 622 men [58.1%]) participated in the intervention. Redispensing oral anticancer drugs was initially associated with an environmental burden, mainly because of the high impact of time-temperature indicators. However, when quality-assurance materials were selectively used for temperature-sensitive oral anticancer drugs (ie, maximum storage temperature of 25 °C), redispensing was environmentally beneficial to human health and ecosystems, providing estimated climate benefits of 1.9 kg (95% CI, 1.4-2.6 kg) of CO 2-eq per patient per year. Conclusions and Relevance In this quality improvement study, redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs was found to be a suitable strategy to reduce waste and improve environmental sustainability of cancer treatment after process optimization. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs could contribute to sustainability of cancer treatment through reduced costs and environmental outcomes.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis, Treatment, and Telehealth Use in Adults — National Center for Health Statistics Rapid Surveys System, United States, October–November 2023
Authors: Brooke S. Staley, Lara R. Robinson, Angelika H. Claussen, Samuel M. Katz, Melissa L. Danielson, April D. Summers, Sherry L. Farr, Stephen J. Blumberg, Sarah C. Tinker
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that develops during childhood and can last into adulthood. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics Rapid Surveys System collected during October-November 2023 were used to estimate the prevalence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment among U.S. adults. In 2023, an estimated 15.5 million U.S. adults (6.0%) had a current ADHD diagnosis based on self-report; approximately one half received the diagnosis at age ≥18 years. Approximately one third of adults with ADHD took a stimulant medication to treat their ADHD in the previous year, 71.5% of whom had difficulty getting their ADHD prescription filled because it was unavailable. Approximately one half of adults with ADHD have ever used telehealth for ADHD-related services. Telehealth might have benefits for persons with ADHD, including helping them access behavioral treatment or medication prescriptions for ADHD. This report provides national estimates of the prevalence and treatment of ADHD among U.S. adults to help guide clinical care and regulatory decision-making for ADHD among U.S. adults.
Natural Language Processing–Assessed Unmet Medical and Social Needs in Cancer Crowdfunding Stories
Authors: Zhiyuan Zheng, Shaojun Yu, Farhad Islami, Matthew P. Banegas, Jingxuan Zhao, Jing Zhang, Fumiko Chino, K. Robin Yabroff
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

This cross-sectional study uses a large natural language processing model to examine unmet medical and social needs based on cancer-related fundraising stories in the US.
Opportunity and Equity Costs of Multilevel Adaptive Interventions to Reduce Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Sarah L. Alderson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Andrew Quanbeck, PhD; James Robinson, PhD; Nora Jacobson, PhD; Xiang Li, MS; Rose Hennessy-Garza, PhD; Jillian Landeck, MD; Andrew Cohen, PharmD; Lynn Madden, PhD; Alice Pulvermacher, MS; Randall Brown, MD, PhD
Endometrial Cancer Classification and Management in the Molecular Subtyping Era
Authors: Anjelica Hodgson, Kathy Han
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

A 65-year-old woman presented with a 6-month history of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, and endometrial biopsy showed grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. What would you do next?
Error in Table
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism and Concerning Computed Tomography Imaging Findings," 1 published May 31, 2023, there was an error in the Table .The number of patients with high-risk pulmonary embolisms diagnosed in the emergency department whose largest involved artery was subsegmental should have read 68.This article has been corrected. 1
Public Access Defibrillation—Building Toward a Brighter Future
Authors: Ryan Huebinger, Audrey L. Blewer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Chien-Tai Huang, MD; Chi-Hsin Chen, MD; Chun-Hsiang Huang, MD; Cheng-Yi Fan, MD; Jiun-Wei Chen, MD; Matthew Huei-Ming Ma, MD, PhD; Edward Pei-Chuan Huang, MD, MS
Risk of Clade II Mpox Associated with Intimate and Nonintimate Close Contact Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Adults — United States, August 2022–July 2023
Authors: Anna N. Chard, Alexandra F. Dalton, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Danielle L. Moulia, Nicholas P. Deputy, Italo B. Zecca, Laura A.S. Quilter, Rachel E. Kachur, Andrea M. McCollum, Jemma V. Rowlands, Amber N. Britton, Rebecca Fisher, Shua J. Chai, Erin Licherdell, William L. Still, Adeline L. Morris, Jessica L. Castilho, Tiffanie M. Markus, Allison S. Morrow, Phoebe Danza, AmberJean P. Hansen, Sophia Ibrahim Ali, Christopher W. Wegner, Robyn Weber, Gabriela S. Betancourt, Jennifer Zipprich, Melissa Sutton, Preeti Pathela, Sam Hawkins, Karen A. Wendel, Leora R. Feldstein
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

A global outbreak of clade II mpox associated with sexual contact, disproportionately affecting gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM), has been ongoing since May 2022. Information on types of contact most associated with transmission is limited. This report used data from a multijurisdictional vaccine effectiveness case-control study of sexually active persons aged 18-49 years who identified as MSM or transgender, collected during August 2022-July 2023. Odds of mpox associated with selected types of intimate and nonintimate close contact with a person with mpox were estimated. Among 457 case-patients and 1,030 control patients who met minimum data requirements, 150 (32.8%) case-patients and 57 (5.5%) control patients reported close contact with a person with mpox and were included in this analysis. Adjusted odds of mpox were 5.4 times as high among those who reported having condomless receptive anal sex with a person with mpox, compared with participants who reported close contact with a person with mpox and no condomless receptive anal sex with that person (OR = 5.4; p = 0.031). Although the mpox vaccine is highly effective, vaccination coverage remains low; a multifaceted approach to prevention remains important and should include vaccination promotion, safer sex practices, and increasing awareness that mpox continues to circulate.