tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fedratinib for the treatment of myelofibrosis: a critical appraisal of clinical trial and “real-world” data
Authors: Adrian Duek, Ilona Leviatan, Osnat Jarchowsky Dolberg, Martin H. Ellis
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)

Fedratinib is a predominantly JAK2 inhibitor that has shown efficacy in untreated and ruxolitinib-exposed patients with myelofibrosis (MF). Based on randomized clinical trial data, it is approved for use in patients with International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) or Dynamic International Prognostic Scoring System (DIPSS) intermediate-2 or high-risk disease and is distinguished from ruxolitinib in that it can be administered without dose reduction in patients with thrombocytopenia, to a platelet count above 50,000/µL. In these trials, fedratinib achieved significant spleen volume reduction in ~30–45% of patients and improvement in total symptom scores in 35–40% with good tolerability. In contrast, recently published real-world data suggest that these responses may not be as robust outside clinical trials. In the context of routine clinical practice spleen responses are documented in only 13–68%, with varying degrees of symptom improvement. This may be due to the lack of a uniform definition of ruxolitinib failure, which may influence the timing of initiating fedratinib as a second-line treatment and result in a more prolonged exposure to ruxolitinib prior to intitaing fedratinib treatment. We suggest that given the growing number of drugs available for use in MF, recognizing the failure of first-line (and potentially subsequent) treatments is critical to allow timely transition to potentially more active agents, as highlighted by the data pertaining to fedratinib.
Artificial intelligence-based biomarkers for treatment decisions in oncology
Authors: Marta Ligero, Omar S M El Nahhas, Mihaela Aldea, Jakob Nikolas Kather
Journal: Trends in cancer (2025)

The development of new therapeutic strategies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies has increased the complexity of the treatment landscape for solid tumors. At the current rate of annual FDA approvals, the potential treatment options could increase by tenfold over the next 5 years. The cost of personalized medicine technologies limits its accessibility, thus increasing socioeconomic disparities in the treated population. In this review we describe artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions - including deep learning (DL) methods for routine medical imaging and large language models (LLMs) for electronic health records (EHRs) - to support cancer treatment decisions with cost-effective biomarkers. We address the current limitations of these technologies and propose the next steps towards their adoption in routine clinical practice.
Advances in wearable energy storage and harvesting systems
Authors: Qiang Zhang, Das Soham, Zheng Liang, Jiayu Wan
Journal: Med-X (2025)

Abstract The development of wearable energy sto rage and harvesting devices is pivotal for advancing next-generation healthcare technologies, facilitating continuous and real-time health monitoring. Traditional wearable devices have been constricted by bulky and rigid batteries, limiting their practicality and comfort. However, recent advancements in materials science have enabled the creation of flexible, stretchable, and lightweight energy storage and harvesting solutions. The integration of energy storage and harvesting technologies is essential for developing self-sustaining systems that minimize reliance on external power sources and enhance device longevity. These integrated systems ensure the continuous operation of sensors and processors vital for real-time health monitoring. This review examines recent significant progress in wearable energy storage and harvesting, focusing on the latest advancements in wearable devices, solar cells, biofuel cells, triboelectric nanogenerators, magnetoelastic gene rators, supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and zinc-ion batteries. It also discusses key parameters crucial for their wearable applications, such as energy density, power density, and durability. Finally, the review addresses future challenges and prospects in this rapidly evolving field, underscoring the potential for developing innovative, self-powered wearable systems for healthcare applications. Graphical Abstract
Benchmarking the Efficacy of Salvage Systemic Therapies for Recurrent Meningioma: A RANO Group Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Guide Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Rupesh Kotecha, Eyub Y Akdemir, Tugce Kutuk, Can Ilgin, Manmeet S Ahluwalia, Wenya L Bi, Jaishri Blakeley, Karan S Dixit, Ian F Dunn, Evanthia Galanis, Norbert Galldiks, Raymond Y Huang, Derek R Johnson, Thomas J Kaley, David O Kamson, Sylvia C Kurz, Michael W McDermott, Yazmin Odia, Matthias Preusser, Jeffrey Raizer, David A Reardon, C Leland Rogers, Roberta Ruda, David Schiff, Michael A Vogelbaum, Michael Weller, Patrick Y Wen, Minesh P Mehta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Abstract Background Despite advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of meningioma progression and innovations in systemic and local treatments, recurrent meningiomas remain a substantial therapeutic challenge. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide a historical baseline, contemporary analysis, and propose a “rate of probable interest” to inform future clinical trial design and development on behalf of the RANO meningioma group. Methods PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ASCOpubs databases were screened for clinical trials evaluating the activity of systemic therapies for adults with recurrent meningiomas. The pooled progression-free survival at 6-months and 1-year (PFS-6 and PFS-1 year) values were calculated using the random effects technique with I-squared indices. Results The pooled PFS-6 and PFS-1 year rates for recurrent WHO grade 1 meningiomas were 43.6% (95% CI: 22.7-67.0%, I2=80%) and 21.7% (95% CI: 6.2-53.9%, I2=76%), and for grade 2-3 meningiomas, the PFS-6 was 38.0% (95% CI: 28.3-48.8%, I2=68%). In targeted therapy group, PFS-6 and PFS-1 year rates stood at 62.0% (I2=58%) and 49.0% (I2=63%) for grade 1, while for grade 2-3 tumors, the PFS-6 rate with targeted therapy and immunotherapy was 42.1% (I²=60%) and 46.0% (I²=0%), respectively. The benchmarks were set at 67% and 54% for PFS-6 and PFS-1 year for grade 1 tumors, and PFS-6 of 49% for grade 2-3 tumors. Conclusions Several studies have reported outcomes in patients with recurrent meningiomas testing a variety of agents with modest, but variable and progressively increasing activity. In this context, we recommend new benchmarks for future trials to define efficacy of future investigational therapies.
Beyond the binary: Inferential challenges and solutions in cognitive archaeology
Authors: Cheng Liu, Dietrich Stout
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract We welcome Stibbard-Hawkes's empirical contributions and discussion of interpretive challenges for archaeology, but question some of his characterizations and conclusions. Moving beyond critique, it is time to develop new research methods that eschew simplistic modern/premodern binaries. We advocate an inductive, probabilistic approach using multiple lines of evidence to infer the causes and consequences of behavioral variability across time and space.
Shared intentionality may have been favored by persistence hunting in <i>Homo erectus</i>
Authors: Jared Vasil
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Shared intentionality is the derived hominin motivation and skills to align mental states. Research on the role of interdependence in the phylogeny of shared intentionality has only considered the archeological record of Homo heidelbergensis . But ethnographic and fossil data must be considered, too. Doing so suggests that shared intentionality may have been favored in Homo erectus to support persistence hunting.
Cultural innovation is not only a product of cognition but also of cultural context
Authors: Yotam Ben-Oren, Erella Hovers, Oren Kolodny, Nicole Creanza
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Innovations, such as symbolic artifacts, are a product of cognitive abilities but also of cultural context. Factors that may determine the emergence and retention of an innovation include the population's pre-existing cultural repertoire, exposure to relevant ways of thinking, and the invention's utility. Thus, we suggest that the production of symbolic artifacts is not guaranteed even in cognitively advanced societies.
Perishable material choice indicates symbolic and representational capacities
Authors: Elpida Tzafestas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract The absence of symbolic material cultural objects in the archaeological record does not prove absence of symbolic cognition. Sometimes perishable materials are selected for symbolic roles, for practical concerns or to indicate a temporary condition. Also some symbolic functions may predate the use of durable materials. Finally, child play and artisan experimentations usually involve cheap and perishable materials. These are symbolic and representational activities that do not leave a material trace.
The Mbuti people still reproduce a 75,000 years old recursive pattern
Authors: Lluís Barceló-Coblijn
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Modern humans don't always leave cultural or technological evidence. Yet, Mbuti artifacts, like net-hunting tools and patterns, reveal their modern cognitive capacity. They create geometric and musical structures requiring specific working memory seen in modern Homo sapiens. Evidence from Blombos Cave suggests these skills existed 75,000 years ago, underscoring shared cognitive abilities among all modern human populations.
Revising the null model in language evolution research
Authors: Svetlana Kuleshova, Michael Pleyer, Johan Blomberg, Marta Sibierska, Sławomir Wacewicz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract We comment on the consequences of the target article for language evolution research. We propose that the default assumption should be that of language-readiness in extinct hominins, and the integration of different types of available evidence from multiple disciplines should be used to assess the likely extent of the realization of this readiness. The role of archaeological evidence should be reconsidered.
Sports, team games, and physical skill competitions as an important source of symbolic material culture with low preservation probability
Authors: Andrew C Gallup, Omar Tonsi Eldakar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Sports, team games, and physical skill competitions appear to be a human universal and may have been prevalent throughout the hominin lineage. These activities are cognitively complex and can be associated with a distinctive and symbolic material culture. Yet, many of the artifacts used by foraging groups for sports, team games, and athletic competitions often have a low preservation probability.
Not just symbolism: Technologies may also have a less than direct connection with cognition
Authors: Annemieke Milks
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract I expand Stibbard-Hawkes' exploration of symbolism and cognition to suggest that we also ought to reconsider the strength of connections between cognition and technological complexity. Using early weaponry as a case study I suggest that complexity may be “hidden” in early tools, and further highlight that assessments of technologies as linear and progressive have roots in Western colonial thought.
All that glitters is not gold: The false-symbol problem in archaeology
Authors: Claudio Tennie, Ronald J Planer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Stibbard-Hawkes forcefully alerts us to the pitfall of false-negative reasoning in symbolic archaeology. We highlight the twin problem of false-positive reasoning in what we call the “false-symbol problem.” False symbols are intuitively special entities that, owing to their non-utilitarian nature, invite symbolic interpretation. But they are not symbolic. We link the false-symbol problem to work in comparative primate cognition, taking “primate art” as our main example.
What would be pre-modern human cognition?
Authors: Nicholas Blurton Jones
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Stibbard-Hawkes's detailed demonstration that in the case of hunter-gatherer artifacts, absence of evidence is not evidence of absence must never be forgotten. The belief that there is a single coherent “human cognitive capacity” difference between modern humans and some unspecified earlier form should be rigorously re-examined.
Archaeology retains a central role for studying the behavioral and cognitive evolution of our species and genus
Authors: Manuel Will
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Our species' behavioral and cognitive evolution constitute a key research topic across many scientific disciplines. Based on ethnographic hunter-gatherer data, Stibbard-Hawkes challenges the common link made between past material culture and cognitive capacities. Despite this adequate criticism, archaeology must retain a central role for studying these issues due to its unique access to relevant empirical evidence in deep time.
Are we jingling modern hunter-gatherers and early <i>Homo sapiens</i>?
Authors: John Protzko
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Using modern hunter-gatherers to infer about early Homo sapiens only works if at least (a) modern hunter-gatherers represent an unbiased sample of humanity, and (b) modern hunter-gatherers act in ways similar to the behavior of early Homo sapiens . Both of these are false, leading to the problem of whether we can draw conclusions about early Homo sapiens from modern hunter-gatherers.
Don't ignore cognitive evolution during the three million years that preceded the archaeological record of material culture!
Authors: Dean Falk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

The target article rightly questions whether the archaeological record is useful for identifying sea changes in hominin cognitive abilities. This commentary suggests an alternative approach of synthesizing findings from primatology, evolutionary developmental biology, and paleoanthropology to formulate hypotheses about cognitive evolution in hominins that lived during the three million years that preceded the record of material culture (the Botanic Age).
Advancing paleoanthropology beyond default nulls
Authors: Matteo Bedetti, Colin Allen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract While we are sympathetic with Stibbard-Hawkes’ approach, we disagree with the proposal to switch to a “cognitively modern” null for all Homo species. We argue in favor of a more evidence-driven approach, inspired by recent debates in comparative cognition. Ultimately, parsing the contributions of different genetic and extra-genetic factors in human evolution is more promising than setting a priori nulls.
Hominin cognition: The null hypothesis
Authors: Duncan N E Stibbard-Hawkes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract The target article explores material culture datasets from three African forager groups. After demonstrating that these modern, contemporary human populations would leave scant evidence of symbolic behaviour or material complexity, it cautioned against using material culture as a barometer for human cognition in the deep past. Twenty-one commentaries broadly support or expand these conclusions. A minority offer targeted demurrals, highlighting (1) the soundness of reasoning from absence; and questioning (2) the “cognitively modern” null; (3) the role of hunter-gatherer ethnography; and (4) the pertinence of the inferential issues identified in the target article. In synthesising these discussions, this reply addresses all four points of demurral in turn, and concludes that there is much to be gained from shifting our null assumptions and reconsidering the probabilistic inferential links between past material culture and cognition.
Behavioural modernity is dead: Long live behavioural modernity
Authors: Matthias A Blessing
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Using Neanderthal symbolism, I extend on Stibbard-Hawkes to show that reconsidering the link between cognitive capacity and material culture extends beyond matters of preservation. A reconceptualization of behavioural modernity inclusive of both extant and extinct populations must begin with an honest theoretical separation of biological and behavioural modernity, which requires to critically engage with how we frame the underlying questions.
Proposing the DN(C)-model of material evidence for well-calibrated claims about past cultures
Authors: David J Grüning, Lukas J Grüning
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Stibbard-Hawkes presents a much-needed case for distinguishing between different types of evidence for cognition in past cultures. However, he does not outline an applicable approach for moving forward in making claims about the cognition of past cultures. We present an initial model for calibrating both absolute and comparative claims about past cultures' cognition and other traits.
Negative priors and inferences from absence of evidence in cognitive and linguistic archaeology: Epistemically sound and scientifically strategic
Authors: Aritz Irurtzun
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

The article provides an important warning but its general conclusions should be nuanced: (i) When there is no evidence for it, we should depart from the hypothesis that a species lacks a particular cognitive capacity, and (ii) inferences from absence of evidence can be epistemically sound and scientifically strategic in cognitive and linguistic archaeology.
Material culture both reflects and causes human cognitive evolution
Authors: Laura Desirèe Di Paolo, Ben White, Avel Guénin-Carlut, Axel Constant, Andy Clark
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Our commentary suggests that different materialities (fragile, enduring, and mixed) may influence cognitive evolution. Building on Stibbard-Hawkes, we propose that predictive brains minimise errors and seek information, actively structuring environments for epistemic benefits. This perspective complements Stibbard-Hawkes' view.
Animal artefacts challenge archaeological standards for tracing human symbolic cognition
Authors: Jan Verpooten, Alexis De Tiège
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Stibbard-Hawkes challenges the link between symbolic material evidence and behavioural modernity. Extending this to non-human species, we find that personal adornment, decoration, figurative art, and musical instruments may not uniquely distinguish human cognition. These common criteria may ineffectively distinguish symbolic from non-symbolic cognition or symbolic cognition is not uniquely human. It highlights the need for broader comparative perspectives.
Weal and woe of interleukin-18 in the T cell therapy of cancer
Authors: Christoph Kessel, Claudia Rossig, Hinrich Abken
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2025)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy of solid cancer remains below expectations; adding cytokine help through IL-18 has shown remarkable efficacy in first clinical trials. As IL-18 is also a powerful driver of hyperinflammatory conditions, we discuss to what extent unleashing IL-18 is a double-edged sword in CAR T cell therapies.
The cognitive and evolutionary science of behavioural modernity goes beyond material chronology
Authors: Andoni S E Sergiou, Liane Gabora
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2025)

Abstract Stibbard-Hawkes' taphonomic findings are valuable, and his call for caution warranted, but the hazards he raises are being mitigated by a multi-pronged approach; current research on behavioural/cognitive modernity is not based solely on material chronology. Theories synthesize data from archaeology, anthropology, psychology, neuroscience, and genetics, and predictions arising from these theories are tested with mathematical and agent-based models.
Systematic review of machine learning applications using nonoptical motion tracking in surgery
Authors: Teona Z. Carciumaru, Cadey M. Tang, Mohsen Farsi, Wichor M. Bramer, Jenny Dankelman, Chirag Raman, Clemens M. F. Dirven, Maryam Gholinejad, Dalibor Vasilic
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Abstract This systematic review explores machine learning (ML) applications in surgical motion analysis using non-optical motion tracking systems (NOMTS), alone or with optical methods. It investigates objectives, experimental designs, model effectiveness, and future research directions. From 3632 records, 84 studies were included, with Artificial Neural Networks (38%) and Support Vector Machines (11%) being the most common ML models. Skill assessment was the primary objective (38%). NOMTS used included internal device kinematics (56%), electromagnetic (17%), inertial (15%), mechanical (11%), and electromyography (1%) sensors. Surgical settings were robotic (60%), laparoscopic (18%), open (16%), and others (6%). Procedures focused on bench-top tasks (67%), clinical models (17%), clinical simulations (9%), and non-clinical simulations (7%). Over 90% accuracy was achieved in 36% of studies. Literature shows NOMTS and ML can enhance surgical precision, assessment, and training. Future research should advance ML in surgical environments, ensure model interpretability and reproducibility, and use larger datasets for accurate evaluation.
In vivo base editing extends lifespan of a humanized mouse model of prion disease
Authors: Meirui An, Jessie R. Davis, Jonathan M. Levy, Fiona E. Serack, John W. Harvey, Pamela P. Brauer, Catherine P. Pirtle, Kiara N. Berríos, Gregory A. Newby, Wei-Hsi Yeh, Nikita Kamath, Meredith Mortberg, Yuan Lian, Michael Howard, Kendrick DeSouza-Lenz, Kenia Guzman, Aaron Thai, Samantha Graffam, Alissa A. Coffey, Jeannine Frei, Sarah E. Pierce, Jiri G. Safar, Benjamin E. Deverman, Eric Vallabh Minikel, Sonia M. Vallabh, David R. Liu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)

Abstract Prion disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by the misfolding of prion protein (PrP) encoded by the PRNP gene. While there is currently no cure for the disease, depleting PrP in the brain is an established strategy to prevent or stall templated misfolding of PrP. Here we developed in vivo cytosine and adenine base strategies delivered by adeno-associated viruses to permanently modify the PRNP locus to achieve PrP knockdown in the mouse brain. Systemic injection of dual-adeno-associated virus PHP.eB encoding BE3.9max and single guide RNA installing PRNP R37X resulted in 37% average installation of the desired edit, 50% reduction of PrP in the mouse brain and 52% extension of lifespan in transgenic human PRNP mice inoculated with pathogenic human prion isolates representing the most common sporadic and genetic subtypes of prion disease. We further engineered base editing systems to achieve improved in vivo potency and reduced base editor expression in nontargeting tissues, resulting in 63% average PrP reduction in the mouse brain from a 6.7-fold lower viral dose, with no detected off-target editing of anticipated clinical significance observed in either human cells or mouse tissues. These findings support the potential of in vivo base editing as one-time treatment for prion disease.
Mutagenesis and analysis of contrasting wheat lines do not support a role for PFT in Fusarium head blight resistance
Authors: Jinxing Shi, Zhongxin Kong, Jinkun Zhong, Xiaoqiu Zhang, Xianmin Luo, Heyu Wang, Boyang Xu, Xin Wang, Rui Cheng, Yang Yuan, Na Li, Quan Xie, Guoqiang Li, Haiyan Jia, Zhengqiang Ma
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)
The NAT1–bHLH110–CER1/CER1L module regulates heat stress tolerance in rice
Authors: Hai-Ping Lu, Xue-Huan Liu, Mei-Jing Wang, Qiao-Yun Zhu, Yu-Shu Lyu, Jian-Hang Xu, Jian-Xiang Liu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2025)