tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extended Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Infants Increases Lung Growth at 6 Months: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cindy T. McEvoy, Kelvin D. MacDonald, Mitzi A Go, Kristin Milner, Julia Harris, Diane Schilling, Matthew Olson, Christina Tiller, James E Slaven, Jeffrey Bjerregaard, Annette Vu, Alec Martin, Rachna Mamidi, Robert L. Schelonka, Cynthia D Morris, Robert S Tepper
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)

Extended continuous positive airway pressure (eCPAP) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for stable preterm infants increases lung volumes. Its effect on lung growth after discharge is unknown. To assess whether 2-weeks of eCPAP in stable preterm infants is associated with increased alveolar volume (VA) at 6-months corrected age. Randomized controlled trial conducted at Oregon Health & Science University. Outpatient assessors unaware of treatment assignment. 100 infants randomized to eCPAP versus CPAP discontinuation (dCPAP) to room air. The primary outcome was VA by the single breath hold technique at 6-months corrected age. Secondary outcomes included lung diffusion capacity to carbon monoxide (DL) and forced expiratory flows (FEFs). Functional residual capacity (FRC) was measured in the NICU. Infants randomized to eCPAP (n=54) versus dCPAP (n=46) had the following measurements shown as adjusted mean [SE] : VA (500.2 [24.9 ] vs 418.1 [23.4] mL; adjusted mean difference, 82.1 [ 95% CI, 8.3-155.9]; p =0.033); DL (3.4 [0.2] vs 2.8 [0.1] mL/min/mmHg; adjusted mean difference, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.1-1.1]; p = 0.018); FEF50 (500.6 [18.2] vs 437.9 [17.9] mL/sec; adjusted mean difference, 62.7 [95% CI 4.5-121.0]; p = 0.039); FEF25-75 (452.0 [17.4] vs 394.4 [17.4] mL/sec; adjusted mean difference, 57.5 [95% CI 1.3-113.8]; p=0.046). Infants randomized to eCPAP vs dCPAP had significantly increased VA at 6-months corrected age. DL and FEFs were also increased. Extending CPAP in stable preterm infants in the NICU may be a non-pharmacologic and safe therapy to promote lung growth. Clinical trial registration available at www. gov, ID: NCT04295564.
Manganese-coordinated nanoparticles loaded with CHK1 inhibitor dually activate cGAS-STING pathway and enhance efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Rui Huang, Yijia Wu, Feiyang Shen, Shuai Chen, Xiaoyu Yang, Yao Lin, Yan Fang, Jianfeng Shen
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Elevated Atmospheric Lead Levels During the Los Angeles Urban Fires — California, January 2025
Authors: Haroula D. Baliaka, Ryan X. Ward, Roya Bahreini, Ann M. Dillner, Armistead G. Russell, John H. Seinfeld, Richard C. Flagan, Paul O. Wennberg, Nga L. Ng
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)
Spending Changes After Moving to Areas With Greater ACO Participation Among Nonattributed Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Yucheng Hou, Marisa Elena Domino, Valerie A. Lewis, Qing Gong, Kevin Callison, Justin G. Trogdon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Accountable care organizations (ACOs) under the Medicare Shared Savings Program have long been envisioned as a pathway to improved care efficiency and quality of care for all Medicare beneficiaries. However, little is known about whether the changes in health care spending associated with ACOs have extended beyond ACO-attributed Medicare beneficiaries to all Medicare beneficiaries. Objective To estimate spending changes by non-ACO–attributed Medicare beneficiaries after moving to geographic areas with greater ACO participation. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated cross-sectional study analyzed claims from a 20% representative sample of all Medicare beneficiaries, aged 65 to 99 years, from 2009 to 2017. The sample consisted of Medicare beneficiaries who were never attributed to an ACO and moved once across hospital service areas (HSAs) during the study period (movers) and was supplemented by a 20% random sample of beneficiaries who never moved (nonmovers). Data analysis took place from November 2022 to October 2024. Exposure Changes in the ACO market penetration rate triggered by nonattributed Medicare beneficiaries moving across HSAs. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual standardized Medicare spending per beneficiary on acute inpatient, outpatient facility, physician services, and total acute care as well as on hospital outpatient department, evaluation and management, and nonadmitted emergency department visits. Results The estimation sample included 62 618 movers (388 263 beneficiary-years; mean [SD] age, 75 [7] years; 134 503 [65%] female-years) and 433 298 nonmovers (2 066 404 beneficiary-years; mean [SD] age, 76 [8] years; 1 273 154 [62%] female-years). In the base model, moving into a market with a 1-SD higher ACO penetration was associated with a 5.8% (95% CI, 4.1%-7.4%) decrease in spending on outpatient facilities and with a 1.6% (95% CI, 0.9% to 2.2%) increase in spending on physician services. Limited changes in total spending on acute inpatient and total acute care were found. These estimated changes were robust to controlling for a rich set of patient- and market-level characteristics and origin-destination HSA combinations. Conclusions and Relevance This study provided novel evidence of market-level ACO spillovers to non-ACO–attributed Medicare beneficiaries. Although no substantial ACO spillovers in total acute care spending occurred, the substitution in spending on outpatient facility and physician services suggested that outpatient care may shift away from higher-cost facility settings for all Medicare beneficiaries in markets with greater ACO penetration.
Defining a ‘cells to society’ research framework for appendiceal tumours
Authors: Andreana N Holowatyj, Michael J Overman, Konstantinos I Votanopoulos, Andrew M Lowy, Patrick Wagner, Mary K Washington, Cathy Eng, Wai Chin Foo, Richard M Goldberg, Mojgan Hosseini, Kamran Idrees, Douglas B Johnson, Ardaman Shergill, Erin Ward, Nicholas C Zachos, Deborah Shelton
Journal: Nature reviews. Cancer (2025)
Letter to the Editor: Optimizing MASLD treatment - A “lead-in phase” before resmetirom
Authors: Paula Iruzubieta, Marta Alonso, Carolina Jimenez, Javier Crespo
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

1Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital 2Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain Correspondence Javier Crespo, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avenida Valdecilla s/n, E-39008 Santander, Spain. Email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.
Hospitalizations and Mortality Among Older Adults With and Without Restricted Access to Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir
Authors: John N. Mafi, Sitaram Vangala, Moira K. Kapral, Peter E. Wu, Manying Cui, Artem Romanov, Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This study compares hospitalization and mortality outcomes in vaccinated older adults with vs without restricted access to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in Ontario.
New Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery
Authors: Razvan Bologheanu, Aylin Bilir, Lorenz Kapral, Felix Gruber, Oliver Kimberger
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance New persistent opioid use after surgery is contributing to the opioid crisis affecting the US, and interventions to limit postoperative opioid prescriptions have been proposed to mitigate the opioid-related health care burden. Limited information is available regarding the incidence of new persistent use after surgery in other countries. Objective To determine the incidence of new persistent opioid use and to evaluate factors associated with its risk after surgery in Austria. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective, population-based cohort study used administrative data from the national Austrian social insurance database for adult patients undergoing surgery between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2021. Exclusion criteria were incomplete exposure or outcome data, early postoperative death, and ongoing opioid use at the time of surgery. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to August 2024. Exposures General, gynecological, urological, orthopedic, and cardiac surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was the incidence of new persistent opioid use up to 6 months after surgery in the Austrian population; the factors associated with use, including patient factors and surgical procedures, were analyzed. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the primary outcome and the independent variables after controlling for multicollinearity. Results Among 559 096 patients undergoing 642 857 surgical procedures (median [IQR] age, 60 [48-71] years; 318 391 male patients [49.5%]), new persistent opioid use was documented in 10 810 cases (1.7%) overall, and the rates ranged from 0.3% for appendectomy (130 cases per 40 565 procedures) to 0.7% for abdominal surgery (2198 cases per 335 034 procedures) to 6.8% for spinal surgery (3495 cases per 51 348 procedures). The median (IQR) daily opioid dose in oral morphine equivalents was 7.4 (4.1-14.9) mg. Specific procedures, including spinal surgery (odds ratio [OR], 5.36; 95% CI, 5.04-5.69) and arthroplasty (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.67), and patient characteristics, such as previous opioid use that was discontinued before surgery (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 2.93-3.19) and the frequency of previously filled opioid prescriptions (OR, 16.49; 95% CI, 13.63-19.95), were associated with new persistent opioid use. Conclusions and Relevance In Austria, the incidence of new persistent opioid use after surgery is lower than that in North America, but the factors associated with risk are similar. These findings suggest the need for studies comparing pain management strategies, as well as systemic and organizational factors, that contribute to the development of new persistent opioid use after surgery in North American and European health care systems, where less evidence about new persistent opioid use has been available.
Disability and Accommodation Use in US Bachelor of Science in Nursing Programs
Authors: Brandy L. Jackson, Vanessa K. Cameron, Tiffany M. Hodgens, Sabrina A. Jamal-Eddine, Vera Kunte, Kathleen Marsala-Cervasio, Lydia Smeltz, Rylee Betchkal, Tess Carichner, Krista Jones, Linda Morrow, Jaclyn Bandell, Katie Pawloski, Anna Valdez, Lisa M. Meeks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study quantifies disabilities and types of accommodations used among traditional prelicensure nursing students in US Bachelor of Science in Nursing programs.
Inequities in the Application of Behavioral Flags for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: April Edwell, Jia Xin Huang, Tasce Bongiovanni, Matthew Pantell
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Behavioral flags in the electronic health record (EHR) may introduce bias and perpetuate structural racism and discrimination. Descriptions of differences in the way that markers of behavioral risk are communicated will help clarify the inequities that pediatric patients and their families experience in the hospital. Objective To assess whether racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients and families are more likely than their counterparts to be assigned a behavioral flag in their EHR. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used EHR data for pediatric patients (aged &amp;amp;lt;18 years) hospitalized from June 2012 to July 2021 across care settings at the University of California, San Francisco health care facilities, an academic quaternary care hospital system that includes 2 pediatric inpatient facilities. The analysis was completed from December 29, 2022, to November 22, 2024. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome of interest was any of the following behavioral flags placed in a patient’s EHR: witnessed substance abuse, history of inappropriate behavior, security, violent behavior, dismissal from practice, and child protective services (CPS) hold. The primary variables were patients’ race, ethnicity, insurance status, and primary language. Results Of 55 865 pediatric encounters (52.2% among males; median patient age at the first encounter, 3 years [IQR, 0-12 years]), 236 (0.4%) had behavioral flags. Compared with encounters among patients who identified as White, encounters among patients who identified as Black or African American were more likely to have a behavioral flag (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.32-3.25). Behavioral flags were also more likely among encounters of individuals with government insurance compared with those with private insurance (IRR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.85-3.65). Black or African American patients younger than 1 year (IRR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.80-6.91) and aged 1 to 7 years (IRR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.34-6.15) had a higher likelihood of flag placement compared with their White counterparts. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found significant inequities in incidence of behavioral flags in the EHR among racially and socioeconomically marginalized pediatric patients. This finding was most pronounced for Black or African American patients younger than 8 years, suggesting that this phenomenon may be a response to Black families rather than specific patient behavior.
Novel Combination Immunotherapy and Clinical Activity in Patients With HPV-Associated Cancers
Authors: Charalampos S. Floudas, Meghali Goswami, Renee N. Donahue, Danielle M. Pastor, Jason M. Redman, Isaac Brownell, Evrim B. Turkbey, Lisa M. Cordes, Seth M. Steinberg, Michell Manu, Deneise C. Francis, Elizabeth Lamping, Jennifer L. Marté, Mary Kackley, Elizabeth Krauss, Manuk Manukyan, Caroline Jochems, Jeffrey Schlom, James L. Gulley, Julius Strauss
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

IMPORTANCE Patients who experience progression of advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated cancers and who have previously received first-line systemic treatment have a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical activity of the combination of the HPV type 16 therapeutic vaccine PDS0101, the tumor-targeting interleukin 12 antibody-drug conjugate PDS01ADC, and the bifunctional anti–programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) bintrafusp alfa in advanced HPV-associated cancers. DESIGN, Setting, and Participants This nonrandomized clinical trial was phase 1/2 and investigator initiated, and was conducted at a single US cancer research center between June 2020 and July 2022. Patients with advanced or metastatic HPV-associated cancers were eligible, including patients who were both immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) naive and ICB resistant. The cutoff date for data analysis was May 13, 2024. INTERVENTION Patients received 1 mL of PDS0101 subcutaneously every 4 weeks for 6 doses then every 12 weeks for 2 additional doses, PDS01ADC, 16.8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 4 weeks or PDS01ADC, 8 µg/kg, subcutaneously every 2 weeks, and bintrafusp alfa, 1200 mg, intravenously every 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 in ICB-naive patients. RESULTS Of the 50 eligible patients, 26 (52%) were men and the median age was 56 years (range, 28-80 years). The median (IQR) follow-up was 37.7 (30.6-42.0) months. Fourteen patients (28%) were ICB naive, with an ORR of 35.7% (95% CI, 12.8%-64.9%), and median overall survival (OS) 42.4 months (95% CI, 8.3 months-not estimable); in ICB-resistant patients, the ORR was 16.7% (6 of 36 patients; 95% CI, 6.4%-32.8%) and median OS was 15.8 months (95% CI, 9.0-21.3 months). Among patients with HPV-16–positive tumors (37 patients [74%]), in the ICB-naive group (8 patients [21.6%]) the ORR was 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5%-91.5%) and a median OS measure was not reached. Grade 3 and 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 26 of 50 patients (52%). There were no treatment-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, the combination of PDS0101, PDS01ADC, and bintrafusp alfa showed an acceptable safety profile and promising antitumor activity and improved OS in patients with HPV-16–positive cancers, in both ICB-naive and ICB-resistant patients, warranting further evaluation of the combination of PDS0101 and PDS01ADC with simultaneous PD-L1/TGF-β inhibition in these populations. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04287868
Use of Feeding Tubes Among Hospitalized Older Adults With Dementia
Authors: Anne-Marie Hartford, Wenshan Li, Danial Qureshi, Robert Talarico, Stephen G. Fung, Shirley H. Bush, Genevieve Casey, Sarina R. Isenberg, Colleen Webber, Peter Tanuseputro
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Although dementia is a contraindication for feeding tube placement, guidelines recommending against its use are inconsistently followed, and factors associated with its use are unclear. Objective To describe the incidence of feeding tube placement among hospitalized older adults (aged ≥65 years) with dementia and their health outcomes during and after hospitalization and to identify factors associated with placement of feeding tubes (ie, gastrostomy, gastrostomy-jejunostomy, and jejunostomy tubes). Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using a linked database in Ontario, Canada. Older adults who were diagnosed with dementia prior to a hospitalization between April 1, 2014, and March 31, 2018, were included. Data analyses were completed between October 2021 and November 2024. Exposures Sociodemographic characteristics, health profiles, functional status, and advanced directives. Main Outcomes and Measures Whether individuals received a feeding tube insertion (ie, gastrostomy, gastrostomy-jejunostomy, or jejunostomy tube), as identified by Ontario Health Insurance Plan billing codes. Results Among 143 331 older adults with dementia (83 536 [58.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 83.8 [7.5] years), 1312 (0.9%) received a feeding tube in hospital and 142 019 (99.1%) did not. During hospitalization, feeding tube recipients stayed longer in hospital (mean [SD] stay, 65.6 [120.8] vs 14.8 [35.2] days for nonrecipients) and were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (557 [42.5%] vs 14 423 [10.2%] of nonrecipients) or to die in hospital (294 [22.4%] vs 14 698 [10.3%] of nonrecipients). Within 1 year of discharge, 509 of 1018 feeding tube recipients (50.0%) died compared with 36 162 of 127 321 nonrecipients (28.4%). Among recipients of home care and long-term care residents, regression modeling showed that having swallowing problems (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% CI, 1.99-2.49) and greater functional impairments (OR, 2.75; 95% CI, 1.80-4.20) were associated with increased odds of receiving a feeding tube, while being female (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.52-0.84), older (OR for every 5-year increase in age, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.81), having a do-not-resuscitate directive (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.31-0.47), and living in rural settings (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.22-0.66) were associated with reduced odds. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of hospitalized individuals with dementia, feeding tube insertion was not associated with improved survival or postdischarge outcomes. Factors that were (or were not) associated with feeding tube placement were sometimes misaligned with best practice guidelines. Goals of care conversations, alternative intervention options, and improved clinical protocols are recommended.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Genomic and Wastewater Surveillance Data to Guide a Hepatitis A Outbreak Response — Los Angeles County, March 2024–June 2024
Authors: Jordan B. Braunfeld, Bonnie L. Dao, Justin Buendia, Raiza Amiling, Cierra LeBlanc, Mirna P. Jewell, Hannah Henry, Giorgio Cosentino, Prabhu Gounder
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)
Error in Author Name
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Simon Fandler-Höfler, PhD; Sebastian Eppinger, MD; Gareth Ambler, PhD; Philip Nash, MD; Markus Kneihsl, PhD; Keon-Joo Lee, MD; Jae-Sung Lim, PhD; Masayuki Shiozawa, MD; Masatoshi Koga, PhD; Linxin Li, PhD; Caroline Lovelock, MD; Hugues Chabriat, PhD; Michael Hennerici, MD; Yuen Kwun Wong, PhD; Henry Ka Fung Mak, MD; Luis Prats-Sanchez, PhD; Alejandro Martínez-Domeño, MD; Shigeru Inamura, MD; Kazuhisa Yoshifuji, PhD; Ethem Murat Arsava, MD; Solveig Horstmann, MD; Jan Purrucker, MD; Bonnie Yin Ka Lam, PhD; Adrian Wong, PhD; Young Dae Kim, MD; Tae-Jin Song, PhD; Robin Lemmens, PhD; Ender Uysal, MD; Zeynep Tanriverdi, MD; Natan M. Bornstein, MD; Einor Ben Assayag, PhD; Hen Hallevi, MD; Jeremy Molad, MD; Masashi Nishihara, MD; Jun Tanaka, MD; Shelagh B. Coutts, MD; Alexandros Polymeris, PhD; Benjamin Wagner, MD; David J. Seiffge, PhD; Philippe Lyrer, MD; L. Jaap Kappelle, MD; Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, PhD; Maria Valdes Hernandez, MD; Hans R. Jäger, MD; Gregory Y. H. Lip, MD; Urs Fischer, MD; Marwan El-Koussy, MD; Jean-Louis Mas, MD; Laurence Legrand, PhD; Christopher Karayiannis, PhD; Thanh Phan, PhD; Sarah Gunkel, MD; Nicolas Christ, MD; Jill Abrigo, MD; Winnie Chu, MD; Thomas Leung, MD; Francesca Chappell, PhD; Stephen Makin, PhD; Derek Hayden, MD; David J. Williams, PhD; Werner H. Mess, PhD; M. Eline Kooi, MD; Carmen Barbato, PhD; Simone Browning, BSc; Anil M. Tuladhar, MD; Noortje Maaijwee, MD; Anne Cristine Guevarra, MD; Anne-Marie Mendyk, RN; Christine Delmaire, MD; Sebastian Köhler, PhD; Robert van Oostenbrugge, PhD; Ying Zhou, PhD; Chao Xu, MD; Saima Hilal, PhD; Caroline Robert, MD; Christopher Chen, BMBCh; Min Lou, PhD; Julie Staals, PhD; Régis Bordet, MD; Nagaendran Kandiah, MBBS; Frank-Erik de Leeuw, MD; Robert Simister, PhD; Daniel Bos, MD; Peter J. Kelly, MD; Joanna Wardlaw, MD; Yannie Soo, MB; Felix Fluri, MD; Velandai Srikanth, PhD; David Calvet, PhD; Simon Jung, MD; Vincent I. H. Kwa, PhD; Stefan T. Engelter, MD; Nils Peters, MD; Eric E. Smith, MD; Hideo Hara, PhD; Yusuke Yakushiji, PhD; Dilek Necioglu Orken, MD; Vincent Thijs, MD; Ji Hoe Heo, MD; Vincent Mok, MD; Roland Veltkamp, MD; Hakan Ay, MD; Toshio Imaizumi, MD; Kui Kai Lau, MD; Eric Jouvent, PhD; Peter M. Rothwell, MD; Kazunori Toyoda, PhD; Hee-Joon Bae, PhD; Joan Marti-Fabregas, PhD; Duncan Wilson, PhD; Jonathan Best, PhD; Franz Fazekas, MD; Christian Enzinger, MD; David J. Werring, PhD; Thomas Gattringer, MD, PhD; Microbleeds International Collaborative Network