tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Menu Labeling and Calories Purchased in Restaurants in a US National Fast Food Chain
Authors: Pasquale E. Rummo, Tod Mijanovich, Erilia Wu, Lloyd Heng, Emil Hafeez, Marie A. Bragg, Simon A. Jones, Beth C. Weitzman, Brian Elbel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Menu labeling has been implemented in restaurants in some US jurisdictions as early as 2008, but the extent to which menu labeling is associated with calories purchased is unclear. Objective To estimate the association of menu labeling with calories and nutrients purchased and assess geographic variation in results. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort study was conducted with a quasi-experimental design using actual transaction data from Taco Bell restaurants from calendar years 2007 to 2014 US restaurants with menu labeling matched to comparison restaurants using synthetic control methods. Data were analyzed from May to October 2023. Exposure Menu labeling policies in 6 US jurisdictions. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was calories per transaction. Secondary outcomes included total and saturated fat, carbohydrates, protein, sugar, fiber, and sodium. Results The final sample included 2329 restaurants, with menu labeling in 474 (31 468 restaurant-month observations). Most restaurants (94.3%) were located in California. Difference-in-differences model results indicated that customers purchased 24.7 (95% CI, 23.6-25.7) fewer calories per transaction from restaurants in the menu labeling group in the 3- to 24-month follow-up period vs the comparison group, including 21.9 (95% CI, 20.9-22.9) fewer calories in the 3- to 12-month follow-up period and 25.0 (95% CI, 24.0-26.1) fewer calories in the 13- to 24-month follow-up period. Changes in the nutrient content of transactions were consistent with calorie estimates. Findings in California were similar to overall estimates in magnitude and direction; yet, among restaurants outside of California, no association was observed in the 3- to 24-month period. The outcome of menu labeling also differed by item category and time of day, with a larger decrease in the number of tacos vs other items purchased and a larger decrease in calories purchased during breakfast vs other times of the day in the 3- to 24-month period. Conclusions and Relevance In this quasi-experimental cohort study, fewer calories were purchased in restaurants with calorie labels compared with those with no labels, suggesting that consumers are sensitive to calorie information on menu boards, although associations differed by location.
Guiding Principles to Address the Impact of Algorithm Bias on Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health and Health Care
Authors: Marshall H. Chin, Nasim Afsar-Manesh, Arlene S. Bierman, Christine Chang, Caleb J. Colón-Rodríguez, Prashila Dullabh, Deborah Guadalupe Duran, Malika Fair, Tina Hernandez-Boussard, Maia Hightower, Anjali Jain, William B. Jordan, Stephen Konya, Roslyn Holliday Moore, Tamra Tyree Moore, Richard Rodriguez, Gauher Shaheen, Lynne Page Snyder, Mithuna Srinivasan, Craig A. Umscheid, Lucila Ohno-Machado
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Health care algorithms are used for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, risk stratification, and allocation of resources. Bias in the development and use of algorithms can lead to worse outcomes for racial and ethnic minoritized groups and other historically marginalized populations such as individuals with lower income. Objective To provide a conceptual framework and guiding principles for mitigating and preventing bias in health care algorithms to promote health and health care equity. Evidence Review The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities convened a diverse panel of experts to review evidence, hear from stakeholders, and receive community feedback. Findings The panel developed a conceptual framework to apply guiding principles across an algorithm’s life cycle, centering health and health care equity for patients and communities as the goal, within the wider context of structural racism and discrimination. Multiple stakeholders can mitigate and prevent bias at each phase of the algorithm life cycle, including problem formulation (phase 1); data selection, assessment, and management (phase 2); algorithm development, training, and validation (phase 3); deployment and integration of algorithms in intended settings (phase 4); and algorithm monitoring, maintenance, updating, or deimplementation (phase 5). Five principles should guide these efforts: (1) promote health and health care equity during all phases of the health care algorithm life cycle; (2) ensure health care algorithms and their use are transparent and explainable; (3) authentically engage patients and communities during all phases of the health care algorithm life cycle and earn trustworthiness; (4) explicitly identify health care algorithmic fairness issues and trade-offs; and (5) establish accountability for equity and fairness in outcomes from health care algorithms. Conclusions and Relevance Multiple stakeholders must partner to create systems, processes, regulations, incentives, standards, and policies to mitigate and prevent algorithmic bias. Reforms should implement guiding principles that support promotion of health and health care equity in all phases of the algorithm life cycle as well as transparency and explainability, authentic community engagement and ethical partnerships, explicit identification of fairness issues and trade-offs, and accountability for equity and fairness.
Well-Being Parameters and Intention to Leave Current Institution Among Academic Physicians
Authors: Jennifer A. Ligibel, Nicolette Goularte, Jennifer I. Berliner, Steven B. Bird, Chantal M. L. R. Brazeau, Susannah G. Rowe, Miriam T. Stewart, Mickey T. Trockel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Physician turnover interrupts care delivery and creates health care system financial burden.
Racial Disparities in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation—How Can We Bridge the Gap?
Authors: Ashley Suah, Milda R. Saunders
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Lisa M. McElroy, MD, MS; Tyler Schappe, MS; Dinushika Mohottige, MD, MPH; LaShara Davis, PhD; Sarah B. Peskoe, PhD; Virginia Wang, PhD; Jane Pendergast, PhD; L. Ebony Boulware, MD, MPH
Taking better advantage of the activity-based anorexia model
Authors: Claire J. Foldi
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2023)

The lack of specific treatments for anorexia nervosa (AN) is partly driven by an inadequate understanding of the neurobiological drivers of the condition. The activity-based anorexia (ABA) model recapitulates key characteristics of AN in rats and mice, and can be used to understand factors that predispose, maintain, and rescue anorectic behaviour. With the rapidly evolving suite of technologies to manipulate and record neural activity during the development of ABA, we are better placed than ever before to take advantage of this unique biobehavioural model in order to develop and refine novel treatments for AN. This will require a collective effort to bridge research disciplines in order to capitalise on knowledge gains from genetics, neurobiology, metabolism, and cognition.
Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine (pTVG-HP) and nivolumab in patients with castration-sensitive non-metastatic (M0) prostate cancer
Authors: Douglas G McNeel, Hamid Emamekhoo, Jens C Eickhoff, Christos E Kyriakopoulos, Ellen Wargowski, Tommaso P Tonelli, Laura E Johnson, Glenn Liu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Purpose We have previously reported that a plasmid DNA vaccine encoding prostatic acid phosphatase (pTVG-HP) had greater clinical activity when given in combination with pembrolizumab to patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. The current trial was conducted to evaluate vaccination with PD-1 blockade, using nivolumab, in patients with early, recurrent (M0) prostate cancer. Methods Patients with M0 prostate cancer were treated with pTVG-HP (100 µg administered intradermally) and nivolumab (240 mg intravenous infusion) every 2 weeks for 3 months, and then every 4 weeks for 1 year of total treatment. Patients were then followed for an additional year off treatment. The primary objectives were safety and complete prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response (PSA&lt;0.2 ng/mL). Results 19 patients were enrolled. No patients met the primary endpoint of complete PSA response; however, 4/19 (21%) patients had a PSA decline &gt;50%. Median PSA doubling times were 5.9 months pretreatment, 25.6 months on-treatment (p=0.001), and 9.0 months in the subsequent year off-treatment. The overall median radiographic progression-free survival was not reached. Grade 3 or 4 events included adrenal insufficiency, fatigue, lymphopenia, and increased amylase/lipase. 9/19 (47%) patients developed immune-related adverse effects (irAE). The development of irAE and increased CXCL9 were associated with increased PSA doubling time. Quantitative NaF PET/CT imaging showed the resolution of subclinical lesions along with the development of new lesions at each time point. Conclusions In this population, combining nivolumab with pTVG-HP vaccination was safe, and immunologically active, prolonged the time to disease progression, but did not eradicate disease. Quantitative imaging suggested that additional treatments targeting mechanisms of resistance may be required to eliminate tumors. Trial registration number NCT03600350 .
Intravesical Ty21a treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer induces immune responses that correlate with safety and may be associated to therapy potential
Authors: Laurent Derré, Ilaria Lucca, Valérie Cesson, Perrine Bohner, Francois Crettenand, Sonia-Cristina Rodrigues-Dias, Florence Dartiguenave, Audrey Masnada, Carla Teixeira-Pereira, Sulayman Benmerzoug, Mathieu F Chevalier, Sonia Domingos-Pereira, Sylvain Nguyen, Lenka Polak, Anna K Schneider, Patrice Jichlinski, Beat Roth, Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Standard of care treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is associated with side effects, disease recurrence/progression and supply shortages. We recently showed in a phase I trial (NCT03421236) that intravesical instillation in patients with NMIBC with the maximal tolerated dose of Ty21a/Vivotif, the oral vaccine against typhoid fever, might have a better safety profile. In the present report, we assessed the immunogenicity of intravesical Ty21a in patients of the clinical trial that had received the maximal tolerated dose and compared it with data obtained in patients that had received standard BCG. Urinary cytokines and immune cells of patients with NMIBC treated with intravesical instillations of Ty21a (n=13, groups A and F in NCT03421236) or with standard BCG in a concomitant observational study (n=12, UROV1) were determined by Luminex and flow cytometry, respectively. Serum anti-lipopolysaccharide Typhi antibodies and circulating Ty21a-specific T-cell responses were also determined in the Ty21a patients. Multiple comparisons of different paired variables were performed with a mixed-effect analysis, followed by Sidak post-test. Single comparisons were performed with a paired or an unpaired Student's t-test. As compared with BCG, Ty21a induced lower levels of inflammatory urinary cytokines, which correlated to the milder adverse events (AEs) observed in Ty21a patients. However, both Ty21a and BCG induced a Th1 tumor environment. Peripheral Ty21a-specific T-cell responses and/or antibodies were observed in most Ty21a patients, pointing the bladder as an efficient local immune inductive site. Besides, Ty21a-mediated stimulation of unconventional Vδ2 T cells was also observed, which turned out more efficient than BCG. Finally, few Ty21a instillations were sufficient for increasing urinary infiltration of dendritic cells and T cells, which were previously associated with therapeutic efficacy in the orthotopic mouse model of NMIBC. Ty21a immunotherapy of patient with NMIBC is promising with fewer inflammatory cytokines and mild AE, but induction of immune responses with possible antitumor potentials. Future phase II clinical trials are necessary to explore possible efficacy of intravesical Ty21a.
Immune microenvironment of basal cell carcinoma and tumor regression following combined PD-1/LAG-3 blockade
Authors: Julie Stein Deutsch, Jonathan Lai, Kara M Schenk, Abha Soni, Elizabeth M Will, Logan L Engle, Haiying Xu, Alexandra Ogurtsova, Vrinda Madan, Jennifer K Chong, Daphne Wang, Benjamin F Green, Peter Nguyen, Megan D Schollenberger, Evan J Lipson, Janis M Taube
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2023)

Systemic treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are limited, particularly when tumors are refractory to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1). A better understanding of immune checkpoint expression within the BCC tumor microenvironment may inform combinatorial treatment strategies to optimize response rates. CD3, PD-1, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3)+ cell densities within the tumor microenvironment of 34 archival, histologically aggressive BCCs were assessed. Tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3, and to a lesser degree TIM-3, correlated with increasing CD3+ T-cell densities (Pearson’s r =0.89, 0.72, 0.87, and 0.63, respectively). 100% of BCCs (34/34) demonstrated LAG-3 and PD-1 expression in &gt;1% TIL; and the correlation between PD-1 and LAG-3 densities was high (Pearson’s r=0.89). LAG-3 was expressed at ~50% of the level of PD-1. Additionally, we present a patient with locally-advanced BCC who experienced stable disease during and after 45 weeks of first-line anti-PD-1 (nivolumab), followed by a partial response after the addition of anti-LAG-3 (relatlimab). Longitudinal biopsies throughout the treatment course showed a graduated increase in LAG-3 expression after anti-PD-1 therapy, lending support for coordinated immunosuppression and suggesting LAG-3 as a co-target for combination therapy to augment the clinical impact of anti-PD-(L)1.
Stretch-injury promotes microglia activation with enhanced phagocytic and synaptic stripping activities
Authors: Anthony Procès, Yeranddy A. Alpizar, Sophie Halliez, Bert Brône, Frédéric Saudou, Laurence Ris, Sylvain Gabriele
Journal: Biomaterials (2023)

Microglial cells, as the primary defense line in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in responding to various mechanical signals that can trigger their activation. Despite extensive research on the impact of chemical signaling on brain cells, the understanding of mechanical signaling in microglia remains limited. To bridge this gap, we subjected microglial cells to a singular mechanical stretch and compared their responses with those induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment, a well-established chemical activator. Here we show that stretching microglial cells leads to their activation, highlighting their significant mechanosensitivity. Stretched microglial cells exhibited distinct features, including elevated levels of Iba1 protein, a denser actin cytoskeleton, and increased persistence in migration. Unlike LPS-treated microglial cells, the secretory profile of chemokines and cytokines remained largely unchanged in response to stretching, except for TNF-α. Intriguingly, a single stretch injury resulted in more compacted chromatin and DNA damage, suggesting potential long-term genomic instabilities in stretched microglia. Using compartmentalized microfluidic chambers with neuronal networks, we observed that stretched microglial cells exhibited enhanced phagocytic and synaptic stripping activities. These findings collectively suggest that stretching events can unlock the immune potential of microglial cells, contributing to the maintenance of brain tissue homeostasis following mechanical injury.
Fabrication and Cell Culture Applications of Core‐Shell Hydrogel Fibers Composed of Chitosan/DNA Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complexation and Calcium Alginate: Straight and Beaded Core Variations (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Yoshinobu Utagawa, Kosuke Ino, Masahiro Takinoue, Hitoshi Shiku
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Core-Shell Hydrogel Fibers In article 2302011 by Kosuke Ino, Hitoshi Shiku, and co-workers, a simple and rapid method is presented for fabricating core-shell hydrogel fibers consisting of straight or beaded core fibers. Interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) of chitosan and DNA is used for preparing the core fibers, and calcium alginate shell hydrogels are formed around the core IPC fibers. The fibers can be used for various cell-culture applications, such as forming tissue structures.
Fibrin Stiffness Regulates Phenotypic Plasticity of Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Maria Heilala, Arttu Lehtonen, Ossi Arasalo, Aino Peura, Juho Pokki, Olli Ikkala, None Nonappa, Juha Klefström, Pauliina M. Munne
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

FIBRIN HYDROGELSInspired by the connection between fibrin and metastasis, article 2301137 by Nonappa, Pauliina M. Munne, and co-workers describes the use of 3D fibrin gels as platforms to explore phenotypic plasticity of triple negative breast cancer cells.Spheroids with protrusive structures develop in response to increasing fibrin gel stiffness, highlighting the importance of matrix mechanical properties in regulating cell phenotype in 3D cancer models.
Membrane‐Active Metallopolymers: Repurposing and Rehabilitating Antibiotics to Gram‐Negative Superbugs (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: JiHyeon Hwang, Swagatam Barman, Ruixuan Gao, Xiaoming Yang, Andrea O'Malley, Prakash Nagarkatti, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Chuanbing Tang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Antimicrobial Resistance Two hands, representing either cationic cobaltocenium moieties (adjuvants) or antibiotics, hold together to achieve synergy between adjuvants and antibiotics, with the goal of enhancing antibiotic efficacy to disrupt bacterial biofilms, much better than each individual component alone. This work is highlighted in article 2301764 by Chuanbing Tang and co-workers.
Multi-ancestry genetic analysis of gene regulation in coronary arteries prioritizes disease risk loci
Authors: Chani J. Hodonsky, Adam W. Turner, Mohammad Daud Khan, Nelson B. Barrientos, Ruben Methorst, Lijiang Ma, Nicolas G. Lopez, Jose Verdezoto Mosquera, Gaëlle Auguste, Emily Farber, Wei Feng Ma, Doris Wong, Suna Onengut-Gumuscu, Maryam Kavousi, Patricia A. Peyser, Sander W. van der Laan, Nicholas J. Leeper, Jason C. Kovacic, Johan L.M. Björkegren, Clint L. Miller
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified hundreds of risk loci for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, non-European populations are underrepresented in GWASs, and the causal gene-regulatory mechanisms of these risk loci during atherosclerosis remain unclear. We incorporated local ancestry and haplotypes to identify quantitative trait loci for expression (eQTLs) and splicing (sQTLs) in coronary arteries from 138 ancestrally diverse Americans. Of 2,132 eQTL-associated genes (eGenes), 47% were previously unreported in coronary artery; 19% exhibited cell-type-specific expression. Colocalization revealed subgroups of eGenes unique to CAD and blood pressure GWAS. Fine-mapping highlighted additional eGenes, including TBX20 and IL5. We also identified sQTLs for 1,690 genes, among which TOR1AIP1 and ULK3 sQTLs demonstrated the importance of evaluating splicing to accurately identify disease-relevant isoform expression. Our work provides a patient-derived coronary artery eQTL resource and exemplifies the need for diverse study populations and multifaceted approaches to characterize gene regulation in disease processes.
Panthenol Citrate Biomaterials Accelerate Wound Healing and Restore Tissue Integrity (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Huifeng Wang, Chongwen Duan, Rebecca L. Keate, Guillermo A. Ameer
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Panthenol Citrate BiomaterialsPanthenol citrate (PC) biomaterials exhibit antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic properties that accelerate wound healing in diabetes.Specifically, PC enhances re-epithelialization, granulation tissue formation, and neovascularization while reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.Notably, PC improves the quality of regenerated tissue by improving mechanical and electrical properties, supporting its potential use in dressings for wound care and other tissue regeneration applications.
X‐Ray Nanothermometry of Nanoparticles in Tumor‐Mimicking Tissues under Photothermia (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Rosalía López‐Méndez, Javier Reguera, Alexandre Fromain, Esraa Samy Abu Serea, Eva Céspedes, Francisco Jose Teran, Fangyuan Zheng, Ana Parente, Miguel Ángel García, Emiliano Fonda, Julio Camarero, Claire Wilhelm, Álvaro Muñoz‐Noval, Ana Espinosa
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)

Embolization X-ray nanothermometry enables monitoring of nanoparticle temperature in cells, introducing a label-free nanoscale thermometry for tracking thermal processes in tumors. In article 2301863 by Álvaro Muñoz-Noval, Ana Espinosa, and co-workers, photoexcited gold-iron oxide nanohybrids in a 3D glioblastoma model are examined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, enhancing understanding of nanothermal treatments. The approach detects significant nanothermal changes, enabling thermal sensing of any element in biological environments and material transformation into nanothermometers.
Nuclear PARP1‐Targeted Photosensitizer as a Dual‐Mode DNA‐Damaging Agent and Immune Activator for Tumor Ablation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Peixia Li, Yayin Du, Jingru Qiu, Donghai Li, Guiling Li, Gang Shan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)
Bioactive Suture with Added Innate Defense Functionality for the Reduction of Bacterial Infection and Inflammation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Manoj Puthia, Jitka Petrlova, Ganna Petruk, Marta Butrym, Firdaus Samsudin, Madelene Å Andersson, Ann‐Charlotte Strömdahl, Sebastian Wasserstrom, Erik Hartman, Sven Kjellström, Lucrezia Caselli, Oxana Klementieva, Peter J. Bond, Martin Malmsten, Deepak Bushan Raina, Artur Schmidtchen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)
Opportunities for basic, clinical, and bioethics research at the intersection of machine learning and genomics
Authors: Shurjo K. Sen, Eric D. Green, Carolyn M. Hutter, Mark Craven, Trey Ideker, Valentina Di Francesco
Journal: Cell Genomics (2023)

The data-intensive fields of genomics and machine learning (ML) are in an early stage of convergence. Genomics researchers increasingly seek to harness the power of ML methods to extract knowledge from their data; conversely, ML scientists recognize that genomics offers a wealth of large, complex, and well-annotated datasets that can be used as a substrate for developing biologically relevant algorithms and applications. The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) inquired with researchers working in these two fields to identify common challenges and receive recommendations to better support genomic research efforts using ML approaches. Those included increasing the amount and variety of training datasets by integrating genomic with multiomics, context-specific (e.g., by cell type), and social determinants of health datasets; reducing the inherent biases of training datasets; prioritizing transparency and interpretability of ML methods; and developing privacy-preserving technologies for research participants' data.