tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TL1A is an epithelial alarmin that cooperates with IL-33 for initiation of allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Pauline Schmitt, Anais Duval, Mylène Camus, Emma Lefrançais, Stéphane Roga, Cécile Dedieu, Nathalie Ortega, Elisabeth Bellard, Emilie Mirey, Emmanuelle Mouton-Barbosa, Odile Burlet-Schiltz, Anne Gonzalez-De-Peredo, Corinne Cayrol, Jean-Philippe Girard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Epithelium-derived cytokines or alarmins, such as interleukin-33 (IL-33) and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are major players in type 2 immunity and asthma. Here, we demonstrate that TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) is an epithelial alarmin, constitutively expressed in alveolar epithelium at steady state in both mice and humans, which cooperates with IL-33 for early induction of IL-9high ILC2s during the initiation of allergic airway inflammation. Upon synergistic activation by IL-33 and TL1A, lung ILC2s acquire a transient IL-9highGATA3low “ILC9” phenotype and produce prodigious amounts of IL-9. A combination of large-scale proteomic analyses, lung intravital microscopy, and adoptive transfer of ILC9 cells revealed that high IL-9 expression distinguishes a multicytokine-producing state-of-activated ILC2s with an increased capacity to initiate IL-5-dependent allergic airway inflammation. Similar to IL-33 and TSLP, TL1A is expressed in airway basal cells in healthy and asthmatic human lungs. Together, these results indicate that TL1A is an epithelium-derived cytokine and an important cofactor of IL-33 in the airways.
Adjustment and homesickness in hospitalised children: A systematic review
Authors: Eleni Andrea Demetriou, Kelsie Anne Boulton, Michael Russell Bowden, Adam John Guastella
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2024)

Children can experience significant distress during hospitalisation, as a result of the treatment process and due to psychosocial factors impacting their adjustment to the hospital environment. These factors can contribute to negative outcomes for the child. Despite this, limited research focus has been placed on understanding the psychosocial factors that contribute to a child's distress and to inform support strategies to improve the experience of hospitalisation across paediatric conditions. The objectives of this review were to synthesise the qualitative and quantitative literature on psychosocial factors associated with hospital adjustment and to identify risk and protective factors that influence the adjustment process. The literature search (1980 to February 2024: CINAHL / Embase / Medline / PsychINFO and Web of Science databases) identified thirty-four studies. Poor hospital adjustment, anxiety, depression and homesickness, were reported by the majority of hospitalised children. Several demographic and psychosocial factors were identified in the quantitative synthesis to contribute to poor adjustment. Child age, temperament, attachment style, past negative hospital experiences, homesickness and fear cognitions, were all associated with adjustment to the hospital environment. Homesickness was identified as a particularly understudied and important construct. Theoretical and methodological considerations are discussed, and recommendations made for future research that can further support inpatient children and their families.
Atrial Fibrillation Burden and Changes in LV Structure and Function Over Time
Authors: Frederikke Vyff, Niklas Dyrby Johansen, Alia Saed Alhakak, Flemming Javier Olsen, Søren Z. Diederichsen, Søren Højberg, Axel Brandes, Ketil J. Haugan, Lars Køber, Jesper Hastrup Svendsen, Tor Biering-Sørensen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2024)
Errors in Abstract, Results, Tables, and Supplement 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

The Original Investigation titled "A National Study Exploring the Association Between Fluoride Levels and Dental Fluorosis," 1 published June 23, 2023, contained erroneous 95% CIs in the Abstract, Results, tables, and Supplement 1 that resulted from inadvertent application of incorrect sample weight variables during the data analyses.Also, sample data were added to the weighted data given in Table 1 to align the report with different preferences for displaying descriptive statistics.The authors have explained what happened in a Comment. 2 This article has been corrected.
Traumatic Brain Injuries After Falls From Height vs Falls at the US-Mexico Border Wall
Authors: Alexander Tenorio, Michael G. Brandel, Carson P. McCann, Jay J. Doucet, Todd W. Costantini, Alexander A. Khalessi, Joseph D. Ciacci
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

This cohort study examines the incidence, severity, and mortality of fall-related injuries among migrants at the US-Mexico border in San Diego, California.
Essentials of Informed Consent to Psychedelic Medicine
Authors: Mason Marks, Rebecca W. Brendel, Carmel Shachar, I. Glenn Cohen
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Interest in administering psychedelic agents as mental health treatment is growing rapidly. As drugmakers invest in developing psychedelic medicines for several psychiatric indications, lawmakers are enacting legal reforms to speed access globally, and health agencies are preparing to approve these treatments. Meanwhile, US states, such as Oregon and Colorado, are making psychedelics available for supervised use outside the conventional health care system.
Trajectories of Adolescent Media Use and Their Associations With Psychotic Experiences
Authors: Vincent Paquin, Manuela Ferrari, Soham Rej, Michel Boivin, Isabelle Ouellet-Morin, Marie-Claude Geoffroy, Jai L. Shah
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Adolescent media use is thought to influence mental health, but whether it is associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) is unclear.
Innovative Low-cost Probe Generation Empowers Targeted Long-read RNA Sequencing
Authors: Gang Fang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

Alternative splicing of human genes is a cornerstone of genetic complexity and diversity, enabling a single gene to produce many different proteins [1].This is not only crucial for human development but also plays pivotal roles in many diseases [2].Over the years, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been instrumental in unraveling the intricacies of human gene splicing [3].It has led to significant advancements in our understanding, with notable examples being the identification of splice variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are critical in breast and ovarian cancer risk assessment [4].However, the complexity of human genes, which consist of ten exons on average, poses a challenge for the short-read sequencing approaches commonly used in NGS platforms like Illumina.Specifically, the combinatorial patterns of tens of exons can generate many isoforms, which are very challenging or impossible for short reads (up to 300 bp) to resolve.In contrast, long-read sequencing technologies, such as those offered by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and Pacific Biosciences, represent a paradigm shift.Their ability to read several kilobases to tens of kilobases in a single read allows them to capture entire transcripts, end-to-end [5].This has led to groundbreaking discoveries in gene splicing, unveiling a new era of research in human health and disease [6,7].Large-scale studies using these technologies have reported the discovery of tens of thousands of novel isoforms [8].
Intravascular Microaxial Left Ventricular Assist Device Manufacturer Payments to Cardiologists and Use of Devices
Authors: Sanket S. Dhruva, Joseph S. Ross, Michael A. Steinman, Siqi Gan, Sruthi Muluk, Timothy S. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study examines whether payments from a left ventricular assist device manufacturer to cardiologists performing percutaneous coronary intervention were associated with any use of the devices.
The Mechanism of Kidney Disease due to APOL1 Risk Variants
Authors: Etienne Pays
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

1Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium aCorresponding author: Etienne Pays, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium ([email protected])
Comparison of 18F-MFBG PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT Images of Metastatic Neuroblastoma
Authors: Wenqian Zhang, Lei Liu, Gengbiao Yuan, Maoxue Deng, Liang Cai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Two children with neuroblastoma underwent tumor resection and postoperative chemotherapy. After treatment, they participated in a clinical trial and received 18 F-MFBG and 18 F-FDG PET/CT examinations. Although similar lesions were found in the 2 examinations, the uptake pattern was different. The lymph nodes and bone lesions had intense 18 F-MFBG activity, whereas 18 F-FDG uptake was not very impressive. The uptake of bone marrow by 18 F-MFBG was significantly stronger than that by 18 F-FDG. This case emphasizes that 18 F-MFBG PET/CT is superior to 18 F-FDG PET/CT in detecting the metastases of neuroblastoma.
Myeloid Trem2 ameliorates the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by regulating macrophage pyroptosis and inflammation resolution
Authors: Wenjie Yu, Yu Zhang, Linfeng Sun, Wei Huang, Xiangdong Li, Nan Xia, Xuejiao Chen, Likalamu Pascalia Wikana, Yuhao Xiao, Minhao Chen, Sheng Han, Ziyi Wang, Liyong Pu
Journal: Metabolism (2024)

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing year by year and has become one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease worldwide. Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (Trem2) has been confirmed to play an essential role in the progression of MASLD, but its specific mechanism still needs to be clarified. This study aims to explore the role and mechanism of Trem2 in MASLD.
Assessing Time of Onset for Interstitial Lung Disease in Anti-MDA5 Antibody-Positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Rachel R. Lin, Peyton V. Warp, Andrea D. Maderal, Scott A. Elman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This cohort study seeks to describe the time interval between interstitial lung disease and anti–melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis diagnoses.
Keratoacanthoma and Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma With PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitor Use
Authors: Pushkar Aggarwal, Denise Clark, Aatman Shah, Kyle Rismiller, Scott A. Neltner
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This cross-sectional study assesses risk of dermatological immune-related adverse events associated with immunotherapy for cancer.
Understanding the errors made by artificial intelligence algorithms in histopathology in terms of patient impact
Authors: Harriet Evans, David Snead
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract An increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI) tools are moving towards the clinical realm in histopathology and across medicine. The introduction of such tools will bring several benefits to diagnostic specialities, namely increased diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, however, as no AI tool is infallible, their use will inevitably introduce novel errors. These errors made by AI tools are, most fundamentally, misclassifications made by a computational algorithm. Understanding of how these translate into clinical impact on patients is often lacking, meaning true reporting of AI tool safety is incomplete. In this Perspective we consider AI diagnostic tools in histopathology, which are predominantly assessed in terms of technical performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Although these metrics are essential and allow tool comparison, they alone give an incomplete picture of how an AI tool’s errors could impact a patient’s diagnosis, management and prognosis. We instead suggest assessing and reporting AI tool errors from a pathological and clinical stance, demonstrating how this is done in studies on human pathologist errors, and giving examples where available from pathology and radiology. Although this seems a significant task, we discuss ways to move towards this approach in terms of study design, guidelines and regulation. This Perspective seeks to initiate broader consideration of the assessment of AI tool errors in histopathology and across diagnostic specialities, in an attempt to keep patient safety at the forefront of AI tool development and facilitate safe clinical deployment.
Acute Adverse Effects of Therapeutic Doses of Psilocybin
Authors: Akhila Yerubandi, Jennifer E. Thomas, N. M. Mahmudul Alam Bhuiya, Catherine Harrington, Lorenzo Villa Zapata, Joshua Caballero
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Psilocybin has been studied in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Clinical studies have mainly focused on efficacy, with systematic reviews showing favorable efficacy; however, none have primarily focused on psilocybin safety. Objective To evaluate the acute adverse effects of psilocybin at therapeutic doses in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Data Sources MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for publications available between 1966 and November 30, 2023. Study Selection Randomized, double-blind clinical trials that reported adverse effects of psilocybin in patients treated for depression and anxiety were screened. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were independently extracted by 2 authors and verified by 2 additional authors following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. The inverse variance method with the Hartung-Knapp adjustment for the random-effects model was used, with a continuity correction of 0.5 for studies with 0 cell frequencies. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by sequentially removing 1 study at a time to assess the robustness of the results. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was considered as the adverse effects of psilocybin at high and moderate (ie, therapeutic) dose regimens and compared with placebo, low-dose psilocybin, or other comparator in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 528 participants (approximately 51% female; median age 39.8 years; IQR, 39.8-41.2). Seven adverse effects were reported in multiple studies and included in the analysis. Among these, headache (relative risk [RR], 1.99; 95% CI 1.06-3.74), nausea (RR, 8.85; 95% CI, 5.68-13.79), anxiety (RR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.11-4.64), dizziness (RR, 5.81; 95% CI, 1.02-33.03), and elevated blood pressure (RR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.15- 4.53) were statistically significant. Psilocybin use was not associated with risk of paranoia and transient thought disorder. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis, the acute adverse effect profile of therapeutic single-dose psilocybin appeared to be tolerable and resolved within 48 hours. However, future studies need to more actively evaluate the appropriate management of adverse effects.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Reference Ranges From the Healthy Hearts Consortium
Authors: Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Liliana Szabo, Celeste McCracken, Robin Bülow, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Florian Andre, Thu-Thao Le, Dominika Suchá, Dorina-Gabriela Condurache, Ahmed M. Salih, Sucharitha Chadalavada, Nay Aung, Aaron Mark Lee, Nicholas C. Harvey, Tim Leiner, Calvin W.L. Chin, Matthias G. Friedrich, Andrea Barison, Marcus Dörr, Steffen E. Petersen
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2024)

The absence of population-stratified cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference ranges from large cohorts is a major shortcoming for clinical care.
Human gene regulatory evolution is driven by the divergence of regulatory element function in both cis and trans
Authors: Tyler J. Hansen, Sarah L. Fong, Jessica K. Day, John A. Capra, Emily Hodges
Journal: Cell Genomics (2024)

Gene regulatory divergence between species can result from cis-acting local changes to regulatory element DNA sequences or global trans-acting changes to the regulatory environment. Understanding how these mechanisms drive regulatory evolution has been limited by challenges in identifying trans-acting changes. We present a comprehensive approach to directly identify cis- and trans-divergent regulatory elements between human and rhesus macaque lymphoblastoid cells using assay for transposase-accessible chromatin coupled to self-transcribing active regulatory region (ATAC-STARR) sequencing. In addition to thousands of cis changes, we discover an unexpected number (∼10,000) of trans changes and show that cis and trans elements exhibit distinct patterns of sequence divergence and function. We further identify differentially expressed transcription factors that underlie ∼37% of trans differences and trace how cis changes can produce cascades of trans changes. Overall, we find that most divergent elements (67%) experienced changes in both cis and trans, revealing a substantial role for trans divergence-alone and together with cis changes-in regulatory differences between species.
Extracorporeal Shockwave for Claudication—Potential Efficacy
Authors: Helen A. Potter, Linda M. Harris
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
CXCR4 Antagonist in HPV5-Associated Perianal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Viviana Marin-Esteban, Lucie Molet, Marta Laganà, Dragos Ciocan, Clément Dominguez-Lafage, Nagham Alouche, Julie Nguyen, Carmen Gallego, Françoise Mercier-Nomé, Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros, Blandine Beaupain, Jérôme Bouligand, Alexis Proust, Christophe Habib, Rémy A Bonnin, Delphine Girlich, Fanny Fouyssac, Jean-Luc Schmutz, Anne-Claire Bursztejn, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, Emmanuelle Bourrat, Michael Herfs, Marion Espéli, Karl Balabanian, Géraldine Schlecht-Louf, Jean Donadieu, Françoise Bachelerie, Claire Deback
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

WHIM-like syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) developed in a patient with gain of CXCR4 function. Plerixafor, a CXCR4 antagonist, led to symptom reduction.
Julolidinyl aza-BODIPYs as NIR-II fluorophores for the bioimaging of nanocarriers
Authors: Chang Liu, Yifan Cai, Zichen Zhang, Yi Lu, Quangang Zhu, Haisheng He, Zhongjian Chen, Weili Zhao, Wei Wu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

The aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) rationale has been employed to improve the fluorescence imaging accuracy of nanocarriers by precluding free probe-derived interferences. However, its usefulness is undermined by limited penetration and low spatiotemporal resolution of NIR-I (700‒900 nm) bioimaging owing to absorption and diffraction by biological tissues and tissue-derived autofluorescence. This study aimed to develop ACQ-based NIR-II (1000‒1700 nm) probes to further improve the imaging resolution and accuracy. The strategy employed is to install highly planar and electron-rich julolidine into the 3,5-position of aza-BODIPY based on the larger substituent effects. The newly developed probes displayed remarkable photophysical properties, with intense absorption centered at approximately 850 nm and bright emission in the 950‒1300 nm region. Compared with the NIR-I counterpart P2, the NIR-II probes demonstrated superior water sensitivity and quenching stability. ACQ1 and ACQ6 exhibited more promising ACQ effects with absolute fluorescence quenching at water fractions above 40% and higher quenching stability with less than 2.0% fluorescence reillumination in plasma after 24 h of incubation. Theoretical calculations verified that molecular planarity is more important than hydrophobicity for ACQ properties. Additionally, in vivo and ex vivo reillumination studies revealed less than 2.5% signal interference from prequenched ACQ1, in contrast to 15% for P2.
Neuromedin-U Mediates Rapid Activation of Airway Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mild Asthma
Authors: Xiaotian Ju, Akimichi Nagashima, Anna Dvorkin-Gheva, Jennifer Wattie, Karen Howie, Christiane Whetstone, Maral Ranjbar, Ruth Cusack, Reina Ditta, Guillaume Paré, Imran Satia, Paul M O'Byrne, Gail M Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Rationale: In asthma, sputum group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are activated within 7h after allergen challenge. Neuroimmune interactions mediate rapid host responses at mucosal interfaces. In murine models of asthma, lung ILC2 co-localize to sensory neuronal termini expressing the neuropeptide, neuromedin U (NMU) and NMU stimulates type 2 cytokines secretion by ILC2 with additive effects to alarmins, in vitro. Objectives: Investigate effect of NMU/NMUR1 axis on early activation of ILC2 in asthma. Methods: M ild asthmatics (n=8) were enrolled in a diluent-controlled, allergen-inhalation challenge study. Sputum ILC2 expression of NMU receptor 1 (NMUR1) and T2 cytokines were enumerated by flow cytometry and airway NMU levels were assessed by ELISA. This was compared to samples from moderate-severe asthmatics (n=9). Flow sort-purified and ex-vivo expanded ILC2 were used for functional assays and transcriptomic analyses. Results: Significant increases in sputum ILC2 expressing NMUR1 were detected 7h post- allergen versus diluent challenge where the majority of NMUR1+ILC2 expressed IL-5/IL-13. Sputum NMUR1+ILC2 were significantly greater in mild versus moderate-severe asthmatics and NMUR1+ILC2 correlated inversely with the dose of inhaled corticosteroid in the latter group. Co-culturing with alarmins upregulated NMUR1 in ILC2, which was attenuated by dexamethasone. NMU stimulated T2 cytokine expression by ILC2, maximal at 6h was abrogated by dexamethasone or specific signaling inhibitors for mitogen-activated protein kinase ½, phospho-inositol 3 kinase but not IL-33 signaling moiety MyD88, in vitro. Conclusions: The NMU/NMUR1 axis stimulates rapid effects on ILC2, and maybe an important early activator of these cells in eosinophilic inflammatory responses in asthma.