tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: J. Alfred Calhoun, T. R. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1931)

Previous investigations (1, 2) have shown that the potassium content of the cardiac musde is decreased in patients dying of con- gestive heart failure.This diminution was found only in dilated hearts and appeared to be related to overwork and the attendant fatigue.As digitalis is the sovereign remedy in the treatment of cardiac fatigue it was thought that knowledge of its effect on the potassium content of the heart was desirable.The drug was given subcutaneously as Digifolin (Ciba) to dogs in doses of varying size.The plan of administration consisted in giving the equivalent of a full therapeutic dose in man, i.e., 0.2 to 0.3 cc. per kilogram of body weight in twenty-four to forty-eight hours and then giving larger or smaller daily "maintenance" doses, according to whether "toxic" or "therapeutic" effects were desired.At inter- vals varying from one to thirty-seven days after the administration of the drug had been started the animals were killed, and their hearts were analyzed for potassium according to the technique which has been described in our previous studies.Daily pulse counts and electrocardiograms were made in some of the animals.Twenty-seven animals were used in the course of the experiment and they were divided into four groups on the basis of the amount of digifolin given them.The "control" group which numbered ten, received no digitalis; three of these were healthy normal dogs which were killed by bleeding; the other seven animals had been utilized for various types of experimental studies which did not include the administration of digitalis.The second group comprised ten animals to whom digifolin was given in "therapeutic" doses-by which is
Abstract 13770: Geographic Variation in Clinical Course Among Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure: Insights From ASCEND-HF
Authors: Marco Metra, Adrian F Hernandez, Gretchen M Heizer, Nadine Clausell, Ramon Corbalan, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Mark E Dunlap, Justin A Ezekowitz, Jonathan G Howlett, Henry Krum, Adriaan A Voors, Paul W Armstrong, Barry M Massie, Markku S Nieminen, Michel Komajda, John J McMurray, Karl Swedberg, Randall C Starling, Christopher M O'Connor, Robert M Califf, John R Teerlink
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background. Clinical outcome trials in acute heart failure (AHF) generally require large numbers of patients and geographical differences in patient characteristics or other factors may influence trial results. ASCEND-HF is the largest trial in patients with AHF with 7141 patients enrolled from all major regions of the world, except Africa. Methods. Geographic differences in patient characteristics and observed outcomes of the ASCEND-HF patients were examined by 5 major geographical areas (North America (NA), Latin America (LA), Central Europe (CE), Western Europe (WE), and Asia-Pacific (AP). Using the ASCEND-HF mortality and morbidity models, risk-adjusted outcomes were assessed at day 30 from randomization. Results. Significant differences among different geographic areas were observed with respect to age, demographics, past medical history, and other clinical variables (P<0.01). Patients from Central and Western Europe had the longest duration of hospitalization and lowest rates of death or rehospitali...
Abstract 3501: Calmodulin Kinase II Activation of Mutant Ryanodine Channels Promotes Ectopic Activity and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mihail G Chelu, Subeena Sood, Sufen Wang, Satyam Sarma, Ralph J van Oort, Darlene G Skapura, Mark E Anderson, Dobromir Dobrev, Miguel Valderrabano, Xander H Wehrens
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Some individuals with mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RyR2) develop stress-induced atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study explored the molecular basis of AF susceptibility in mice heterozygous for the human arrhythmia-linked RyR2 mutation R176Q (RQ mice). AF inducibility was assessed with atrial burst pacing in WT (n=34), RQ mice (n=43) and RQ mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing the CaMKII-inhibitory peptide AC3I (RQxAC3I, n=6) or the inactive analog AC3C (RQxAC3C, n=9). Dual voltage (RH237) and calcium (Rhod-2 AM) optical mapping was applied to monitor simultaneous Ca2+ and membrane-voltage changes. Ca2+ fluorescence (Fluo-4 AM) was used to study SR Ca2+ release. Expression/phosphorylation of CaMKII and RyR2 were determined by immunostaining in mice and human atrial biopsies from sinus rhythm (SR) (n=7) and chronic AF (n=7) patients. Atrial burst pacing-induced AF was more common in RQ (55%) than in WT mice (11%*; *P&lt;0.05) and was associated with ~50% higher CaMKII-dependent RyR2 phopshorylation (Ser2814 site). Expression and phosphorylation (Thr287) of CaMKIId were increased in AF patients by 63%* and 40%*, respectively, and CaMKII-phopshorylation of RyR2 at Ser2814 was 80%* higher in AF than in SR patients. Genetic inhibition of CaMKII reduced AF incidence in RQxAC3I (16%*), but not in RQxAC3C mice (62%). Optical mapping revealed more atrial burst pacing-induced ectopic beats (and re-entry) in RQ than WT atria (296 vs.19* ectopic beats, 120 ms cycle length) that were depressed by CaMKII inhibiton with KN-93 (1 μM). [Ca2+]i release by 10 mM local caffeine puffs (an index of SR Ca2+ content) were similar in RQ and WT mice (4.59±0.42 vs 4.04±0.41 [a.u.], respectively), whereas SR Ca2+ leak defined as tetracaine (5 μM)-sensitive decrease in diastolic [Ca2+]i was higher in RQ than in WT mice (% of SR Ca2+ content: 10.2±0.9 vs 7.7±0.8*). CaMKII inhibition with KN-93 suppressed SR Ca2+ leak. High rate-associated CaMKII activation promotes AF inducibility in mice with a stress-induced arrhythmia-linked R176Q mutation in RyR2. Inhibition of CaMKII may be a viable drug target for effective AF therapy. This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, AHA South Central Affiliate (Arkansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma &amp; Texas).
Prediction of outcome in mania by mood-congruent or mood-incongruent psychotic features
Authors: M Tohen, M T Tsuang, D C Goodwin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The aim of this study was to determine the significance of mood congruence of psychotic features in mania as a predictor of outcome.Fifty-four patients with bipolar disorder were followed prospectively for 4 years after recovery from an episode of mania with psychotic features. Assessments of residential and occupational status, interepisode symptoms, and episode recurrences were made at 6 and 48 months after recovery. Categorical outcomes were evaluated by logistic regression and recurrence risk with survival analysis.Mood-incongruent psychotic features during the index manic episode predicted a shorter time in remission at 4 years (hazard ratio = 2.6), and Schneiderian first-rank symptoms predicted poor residential status at 4 years (odds ratio = 20.1).Differentiation of mood congruence of psychotic features in mania evidently has prognostic validity and, therefore, has utility as a nosological characteristic.
Dexamethasone nanowafer as an effective therapy for dry eye disease
Authors: Terry G. Coursey, Johanna Tukler Henriksson, Daniela C. Marcano, Crystal S. Shin, Lucas C. Isenhart, Faheem Ahmed, Cintia S. De Paiva, Stephen C. Pflugfelder, Ghanashyam Acharya
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
First trimester ultrasound screening
Authors: A. McFadyen, J. Gledhill, B. Whitlow, D. Economides
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Letters p 748 

Ultrasound scanning has been an integral part of antenatal care in industrialised countries for some time,1 but until recently detection of fetal abnormalities by this method has been possible only in the second trimester. High resolution scanning during the first trimester is now possible and is routine in some units. Not only chromosomal abnormalities but also structural anomalies can be diagnosed by this means,2 and the advent of such a capability raises both ethical and psychological issues.

While healthcare professionals in maternity services are good at giving some sorts of information to patients—for example, on nutrition during pregnancy—they may fail to consider the issues of informed consent raised by the use of such a powerful diagnostic tool during routine antenatal care. 3 4 Most women being offered these scans are at low risk of fetal abnormality and the scan constitutes their first visual encounter with their baby. They may believe that it will provide information only about gestational age and be unaware of the range of abnormalities that can be detected. Recent research suggests that many women are not told beforehand of …
Abstract 320: A Human Polymorphism of Protein Phosphatase 1 Inhibitor 1 is Associated With Attenuated Contractile Responses to Beta-adrenergic Stimulation
Authors: Guoli Chen, Xiaoyang Zhou, Patricia Rodriguez, Guojie Song, Bryan Mitton, Anand Pathak, Amit Zachariah, Guo-Chang Fan, Gerald W Dorn, Evangelia G Kranias
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aberrant β-adrenergic signaling associated with depressed calcium homeostasis is one of the most prominent characteristics of heart failure. Abnormalities in protein kinases A as well as protein phosphatase 1 underlie the impaired function of this β-signaling axis. The activity of protein phosphatase 1 is regulated by an endogenous inhibitor, inhibitor-1. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that inhibitor-1 is a critical player in the heart’s responses to neurohormonal stimulation. This study identified a novel polymorphism in human inhibitor -1, entailing substitution of aspartic acid for glycine at AA147 (G147D), exclusively in black heart failure patients. To elucidate the functional significance of the G147D inhibitor -1 mutant, we infected adult rat cardiomyocytes with an adenovirus expressing G147D inhibitor -1, wild type inhibitor -1, or control GFP. Under basal conditions, there were no significant differences in fractional shortening, contraction rate or relaxation rate among the three groups. However, the responses of these contractile parameters to isoproterenol stimulation were significantly blunted in cardiomyocytes infected with the G147D variant, compared to the other two groups. Consistent with these mechanical parameters, the velocity of Ca transient decay was significantly delayed. Importantly, phosphorylation of phospholamban at serine 16 was decreased by 50% in G147D-Inhibitor-1 infected cells, although phosphorylation of troponin I and the ryanodine receptor remained unaltered. These findings suggest that the human G147D inhibitor -1 polymorphism attenuates the heart’s responses to β-adrenergic agonists through decreased PLN phosphorylation, which may contribute to compromised heart function and the development of heart failure.
Abstract P287: Autonomy Supportive Healthcare Providers Influence Self-Determined Motivation for Physical Activity in Women With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Linda A Mason Barber, Laura P Kimble, Leslie F Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Data consistently indicate women with CVD do not regularly engage in physical activity (PA) at levels recommended to reduce CVD risk. Evidence supports healthcare providers delivering health behavior recommendations using an autonomy supportive approach may enhance self-determined motivation to initiate behavior change and support ongoing maintenance of healthy behavior. However, this has not been well documented in women with CVD. It was hypothesized that: 1) greater perceived autonomy support from healthcare providers by women with CVD would be associated with greater autonomous motivation and greater perceived competence for physical activity as well as greater physical activity itself, and 2) perceived autonomy support, perceived competence for PA, and autonomous motivation, would predict greater physical activity in women with CVD. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study with a convenience sample of 103 predominantly white (93.2%), educated (92.3%), community-dwelling, English speaking women (mean age 64.7 years [SD 10.3]), with a self-reported history of CVD was conducted. Data were obtained via reliable and valid self-report questionnaires measuring demographic and clinical variables (age, social support, depressive symptoms, CVD symptoms, comorbidity), motivation-related variables (perceived autonomy support, autonomous motivation, perceived competence), PA, and perceived PA limitations. Relationships among the motivation-related variables, PA, and PA limitations were examined using hierarchical multiple linear regression. Greater perceived autonomy support from healthcare providers was significantly associated with greater autonomous motivation (r = .26, p &lt; .01) and greater perceived competence (r = .50, p &lt; .001) for PA. Regression results indicated the overall model accounted for a significant amount (16%) of the variance in PA. Significant predictors in the regression analysis were perceived competence (b = -.22, p &lt; .05) and age (b = -.36, p &lt; .001). A second regression analysis indicated the overall model accounted for 39% of the variance in perceived PA limitations with perceived competence accounting for 10% of this variance, over and above that accounted for by demographic and clinical variables. Conclusions: Findings support the association between an autonomy supportive approach by healthcare providers and autonomous or self-determined motivation for PA in women with CVD. Perceived competence in ability to be physically active predicted perception of PA limitations in this population. Interventional studies testing effects of autonomy support from healthcare providers on motivation for PA in women with CVD are needed.
Abstract 11156: Tissue- and Plasma-Specific MicroRNA Signatures for Atherosclerotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Keiwa Kin, Shigeru Miyagawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Kei Torikai, Kazuo Shimamura, Yukio Kawahara, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Orbital trauma
Authors: C. Newlands, P. R. Baggs, R. Kendrick, G N Shuttleworth, D B David, M J Potts, C N Bell, P G Guest
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—In their lesson of the week Shuttleworth et al suggest that all patients with fractures involving the orbit should receive prophylactic antibiotics.1 These fractures are largely managed in maxillofacial surgery units, and the prescription of prophylactic antibiotics for all such cases is not routine.2 At least 500 patients with periorbital fractures are seen in our units in a year. Many more patients with undisplaced fractures of the periorbital region do not present to any medical practitioner, the fractures being self diagnosed as a bad black eye. In the past 25 years we have seen only two cases of orbital cellulitis following nose blowing after orbital fracture. This would give a maximum incidence of 1:6250. The true incidence will be lower.

Our practice is to give prophylactic antibiotics in only four circumstances: for fractures compound to skin; when surgical emphysema is present; when open reduction and internal fixation is performed; and in orbital grafting. Patients having conservative treatment or closed or indirect reductions of periorbital fractures are not prescribed antibiotics. The overuse of antibiotics has implications for adverse effects in individual patients and increasing antimicrobial resistance within the community.

Orbital cellulitis is serious but rare. The possible gains to the individual of antibiotic prophylaxis must be balanced against the potential losses, both to the individual and to the community. We believe that it is difficult to justify the routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics but would agree that patients with diagnosed or suspected periorbital fractures should be advised about nose blowing and seeking help if signs of infection develop.
Survival Improvement Of Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Over Time: Experience From 962 Patients Included In 13 EORTC-Gimema-HOVON Leukemia Group Trials
Authors: Safaa M. Ramadan, Stefan Suciu, Marian J.P.L. Stevens-Kroef, Roelof Willemze, Sergio Amadori, Theo de Witte, Bob Lowenberg, Petra Muus, Boris Labar, Liv Meert, Gaetan de Schaetzen, Giovanna Meloni, Giuseppe Leone, Marco Vignetti, Franco Mandelli, Frederic Baron, Jean-Pierre Marie
Journal: Blood (2013)
The automated external defibrillator
Authors: R. Liddle
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The automated external defibrillator (AED) is generally considered to be the most important development in defibrillator technology in recent years.Its development came about through the recognition that, in adults, the commonest primary arrhythmia at the onset of cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.Survival is crucially dependent on minimising the delay before providing a countershock.Use of a manual defibrillator requires considerable training, particularly in the skills of interpreting electrocardiograms, and this greatly restricts the availability of prompt electrical treatment.Conventional emergency medical systems often cannot respond rapidly enough to provide defibrillation within the accepted time frame of eight minutes or less.This led to an investigation into ways of automating defibrillation so that defibrillators might be used by more people and, therefore, be more widely deployed in the community. Modern automated external defibrillator Positioning of electrodes for automated external defibrillatorVentricular fibrillation
Abstract 2889: OPTION CRT/ATX: An Original CRT-Defibrillator Study Design
Authors: Malcolm Bersohn, William Bailey, Suresh Neelagaru, John Beard, Matthew Jenkins
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Hypothesis: The effectiveness of the Tupos LV/ATx Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) for treatment of CHF is equivalent to that of marketed CRT-Ds. Background: The BIOTRONIK OP...
Listeriosis outbreak caused by acid curd cheese ‘Quargel’, Austria and Germany 2009
Authors: R Fretz, U Sagel, W Ruppitsch, A T Pietzka, A Stöger, S Huhulescu, S Heuberger, J Pichler, P Much, G Pfaff, K Stark, R Prager, A Flieger, O Feenstra, F Allerberger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

We report an outbreak of listeriosis in Austria and Germany due to the consumption of Quargel cheese produced by an Austrian manufacturer. At the time of writing this report, the outbreak was known to account for 14 outbreak cases in 2009, including four cases with lethal outcome. On 23 January 2010, the cheese product was voluntarily withdrawn from the market.
Abstract 5523: Contribution of Ox-LDL Induced Arginase Activation to Vascular Dysfunction in Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Gautam Sikka, Anil K Bhunia, Kevin Soucy, Jae H Kim, Lukasz Bugaj, Young J Oh, Trinity J Bivalacqua, Lakshmi Santhanam, Thomas E Sussan, Shyam Biswal, Dan E Berkowitz
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Although Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease is a complex process resulting from numerous genetic and environmental factors, it is well recognized that oxidized low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL) produces pro-atherogenic effects in endothelial cells by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules, apoptosis, superoxide anion formation, and impairing nitric oxide (NO) formation. Exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) further exacerbates this process by enhancing oxidation of LDL and increasing oxidant stress in the endothelium. Ox-LDL results in early endothelial arginase activation and later transcriptional upregulation with reciprocal decrease in NO and ED (endothelial dysfunction). We tested the hypothesis that ArgII and the lectin like OxLDL receptor (LOX) are critical in mediating the ED associated with SHS. Methods/Results: Wild type (C57BL/6J, WT), LOX −/− and ArgII −/− male mice (3– 4 months old, n=6) were exposed to SHS (6 hrs/Day, 5 Days/Wk for 2 Wks; 2R4F reference cigarettes) obtaining WT-SHS, LOX −/− SHS and ArgII −/− SHS groups and C (control mice) were exposed to room air. Aorta from WT-SHS demonstrated a 2.5 fold induction of arginase activity vs C. Strikingly LOX −/− mice showed decreased SHS induced arginase activation. Vascular reactivity studies performed in organ chambers demonstrated that aortic rings isolated from WT-SHS exhibited markedly attenuated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation as compared to WT C (78.80%±8 vs 46.58%±5). LOX −/− SHS (68.60%±3) showed less impairment in EF (endothelial function). EF was completely protected in ArgII −/− SHS vessels. ArgII −/− SHS vs WT C (67.48%±7 vs 78.80%±8). PWV (m/s), index of central aortic stiffness, measured by high frequency Doppler was significantly elevated in WT SHS vs C (4.13±0.11 vs 3.4±0.06). LOX −/− SHS (3.6±0.15) and ArgII −/− SHS (3.529±0.2131) demonstrated no significant increase in vascular stiffness. Conclusion: The protection from injurious effects of smoking in LOX −/− and ArgII −/− mice demonstrates that the dysregulation of arginase may be a primary mechanism of smoking induced vascular injury, but lends further support to the coupling of Ox-LDL and activation of Arginase. Hence downstream Arginase activation may be a critical target in smoke induced vascular injury.
Epithelial mesenchymal interactions in asthmatic children
Authors: Erica Bazzan, Elena Mutti, Andrea Ballarin, Silvia Zagallo, Graziella Turato, Simonetta Baraldo, Marco Damin, Deborah Snjiders, Samuela Bugin, Fiorella Calabrese, Piero Maestrelli, Angelo Barbato, Marina Saetta
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

The alteration of the mesenchymal layer underlying the bronchial epithelium, triggered by epithelial dysfunction, is a topic of emerging interest in asthma. Whether this dysfunction is already present in asthmatic children, and therefore in the early stages of the disease, has been scarcely investigated. We evaluated the degree of epithelial damage, E-cadherin (E-cad) and TGFβ1 expression, and their relation with basement membrane (BM) thickness in asthmatic children. Bronchial biopsies were obtained from 27 children undergoing bronchoscopy for appropriate indications: 16 asthmatics (age2-10yrs) and 11 nonasthmatic controls (4-9yrs). Epithelial damage and BM thickness were quantified by histochemistry and E-cad and TGFβ1 by immunohistochemistry. Asthmatic children had evidence of epithelial damage compared to controls (median;range:52;20-91 vs 33;0-83% p
咳嗽-肺炎-咳嗽变异型哮喘
Authors: 刘辉国, 徐永健
Journal: BMJ (2007)

患者男,18岁,湖北人,学生.因反复咳嗽、咳痰3个月入院. 患者3个月前受凉后出现发热,体温约38℃,随后出现咳嗽、咳白色黏液痰,同时伴咽痛,无胸闷、胸痛及呼吸困难等,自服感冒退热药3 d无效,当地诊所给予头孢唑啉静脉滴注3 d后发热好转,但仍咳嗽和咳痰,痰液呈部分脓性,遂到当地县医院检查,X线胸片提示左下肺斑片状高密度阴影(图1),拟诊为左下肺炎在县医院住院治疗.