tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
China Kidney Disease Network (CK-NET) 2017–2018 Annual Data Report
Authors: Luxia Zhang, Ming-Hui Zhao, Li Zuo, Hong Zhang, Yue Wang, Haibo Wang, Feng Yu, Chao Yang, Bixia Gao, Hong Chu, Lanxia Gan, Bixia Gao, Qi Guo, Jianguo Hao, Daijun He, Shenda Hong, Chenglong Li, Pengfei Li, Jianyan Long, Huijuan Mao, Yingying Qin, Ying Shi, Xiaoyu Sun, Wen Tang, Fang Wang, Fulin Wang, Jinwei Wang, Wanzhou Wang, Shaoqing Wei, Fengyu Wen, Xingchen Yao, Chao Yang, Guang Yang, Ling Yang, Jianhua Ye, Qiongjing Yuan, Dongliang Zhang, Feifei Zhang, Ping Zhang, Zhilong Zhang, Xinju Zhao, Zhiye Zhou
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2025)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Developments in Pharmacological Treatments
Authors: Dave Singh, Andrew Higham, Alexander G Mathioudakis, Augusta Beech
Journal: Drugs (2025)

The immediate goals of pharmacological management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are to minimise symptoms and improve exercise performance. The longer-term goals are to reduce the future risk of exacerbations, lung function decline and mortality. It is now recognised that a subset of COPD patients have type 2 inflammation, which is identified by the presence of higher blood eosinophil counts (BEC). Individuals with higher BEC show a greater response to pharmacological interventions targeting type 2 inflammation, including inhaled corticosteroids and the monoclonal antibody, dupilumab. The use of BEC as a biomarker to guide pharmacological treatment has enabled a precision medicine approach in COPD. This article reviews recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of COPD, encompassing the optimum use of inhaled combination treatments and the evidence to support the use of the novel inhaled phosphodiesterase inhibitor ensifentrine and monoclonal antibodies in patients with COPD.
Mixed Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Therapies, and Outcomes
Authors: Jeremy W. Jacobs, Sheharyar Raza, Landon M. Clark, Laura D. Stephens, Elizabeth S. Allen, Jennifer S. Woo, Rachel Lane Walden, Cristina A. Figueroa Villalba, Christopher A. Tormey, Caroline G. Stanek, Brian D. Adkins, Evan M. Bloch, Garrett S. Booth
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2025)

ABSTRACT Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare and clinically complex hematologic disorder defined by the simultaneous presence of both warm and cold autoantibodies, resulting in severe and often treatment‐resistant hemolysis. Due to variability in diagnostic criteria and limited data, a comprehensive understanding of its epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management remains incomplete. To address these gaps, we performed a systematic literature review employing stringent diagnostic criteria to evaluate epidemiologic patterns, clinical features, and therapeutic outcomes. Our analysis included 81 patients identified across 35 studies, revealing a median age of 45 years and a notable female predominance (2.25:1). Autoimmune diseases constituted the most frequent underlying etiology, followed by hematologic malignancies and infections. Patients exhibited significant anemia, with median nadir hemoglobin levels reaching 5.6 g/dL. Corticosteroids represented the most common therapeutic intervention; however, only 43% of patients achieved remission, while 37% experienced chronic hemolysis, and mortality reached 11%. Many patients required multiple lines of therapy, including rituximab and cytotoxic agents, highlighting the disease's refractory nature and management complexity. The substantial variability in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches emphasizes an urgent need for standardized diagnostic criteria, earlier integration of combination therapies, and exploration of innovative treatment modalities. Future prospective, multicenter studies are essential to refine disease recognition, optimize therapeutic strategies, and ultimately improve patient outcomes in mixed AIHA.
Primary Prostatic Synovial Sarcoma With Intravenous Tumor Thrombus Presented on 18F-FDG and Al18F-Thretide PET/CT
Authors: Xin Cheng, Guozhu Hou, Shan Zheng, Yong Zhang, Xuejuan Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

A 35-year-old man with painful and difficult urination underwent 18 F-FDG and Al 18 F-Thretide PET/CT scans after a pelvic MRI suggested a prostate mass. The 18 F-FDG and Al 18 F-Thretide PET/CT scans revealed a prostate mass accompanied by an intravenous tumor thrombus. Both the prostate mass and the intravenous tumor thrombus demonstrated increased FDG uptake. Intense PSMA activity was observed in both lesions, with the intravenous tumor thrombus showing considerably higher PSMA activity compared with its FDG uptake. Histologic analysis of the biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of prostatic synovial sarcoma. PSMA immunohistochemistry showed high PSMA expression in the vascular endothelial cells within the tumor.
Favorable Palliative Effect of 177Lu-FAPI-2286 in Two Breast Cancer Patients With Refractory Bone Pains
Authors: Nasrin Raeisi, Amin Saber Tanha, Farid Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, Somaye Barashki, Kamran Aryana
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present 2 women with advanced invasive ductal carcinoma who developed skeletal metastases despite extensive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Both patients experienced debilitating pain and were evaluated for bone palliation therapy using 177 Lu-FAPI-2286, after 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy showed suitable uptake. Remarkably, both patients reported significant pain relief shortly after treatment. The only adverse effect noted was grade III thrombocytopenia in 1 patient. These cases highlight the potential of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in providing rapid and effective palliation for breast cancer patients suffering from refractory pain, suggesting further investigation into its role in theranostics and palliative care. In this report, we also conducted a comprehensive literature review on radio-ligand therapy with 177 Lu-FAPI in breast cancer.
The Role of SPECT/CT in 177Lu-PSMA-617 Theranostics: Case-based Review of Response and Progression Patterns
Authors: Alireza Ghodsi, Ridvan Arda Demirci, Delphine L. Chen, Peter S. Nelson, Michael T. Schweizer, Evan Y. Yu, Amir Iravani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Lutetium-177 prostate-specific membrane antigen-617 (Lu-PSMA) has demonstrated efficacy in improving progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Post-treatment single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging is an emerging tool for monitoring treatment response, enabling the tracking of functional changes during therapy. While quantitative SPECT analysis can predict patient outcomes, qualitative assessments are more practical and time-efficient in clinical settings. This case-based review examines treatment responses based on post-treatment SPECT/CT imaging, categorizing them into favorable response, progression, and mixed response patterns to improve interpretation and guide therapeutic adjustments, aiming to optimize management of mCRPC with Lu-PSMA therapy.
Double-sided niche regulation in skin stem cell and cancer: mechanisms and clinical applications
Authors: Trang Thao Quoc Pham, Yung-Che Kuo, Wei-Ling Chang, Hao-Jui Weng, Yen-Hua Huang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Abstract The niche microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating the fate of normal skin stem cells (SSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therapeutically targeting the CSC niche holds promise as an effective strategy; however, the dual effects of shared SSC niche signaling in CSCs have contributed to the aggressive characteristics of tumors and poor survival rates in skin cancer patients. The lack of a clear underlying mechanism has significantly hindered drug development for effective treatment. This article explores recent advances in understanding how niche factors regulate cell fate determination between skin stem cells and skin CSCs, along with their clinical implications. The dual roles of key components of the adhesive niche, including the dermo-epidermal junction and adherens junction, various cell types—especially immune cells and fibroblasts—as well as major signaling pathways such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin, YAP (Yes-associated protein)/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), and Notch, are highlighted. Additionally, recent advances in clinical trials and drug development targeting these pathways are discussed. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between skin cancer stem cells and their microenvironment, laying the groundwork for future research and clinical strategies.
Dual‐Responsive Immunomodulatory RNAi Nanoplatform for Effective Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Yuan Cao, Zixuan Zhao, Junyue Fang, Yanan Lu, Zhuoshan Huang, Guo Wu, Qiyuan Gao, Rong Li, Lei Xu, Xiaoding Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has become the first‐line treatment for cancer patients. However, the low response rate remains a clinical pain‐point. Anti‐hyperglycemic drug metformin has shown remarkable anticancer effect with the unique characteristic of modulating tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Therefore, combining ICB with metformin could be a promising strategy for enhanced cancer immunotherapy, which however remains challenged due to the low bioavailability and severe adverse effects of metformin. This work herein designs an amphiphilic reduction‐responsive metformin prodrug, which could complex small interfering RNA (siRNA) and then co‐assemble with an endosomal pH‐responsive PEGylated polymer to form a dual‐responsive immunomodulatory RNAi nanoplatform. Using the orthotopic and metastatic breast cancer (BCa) tumor models, this work demonstrates that this RNAi nanoplatform could silence PD‐L1 expression on BCa cells and suppress their proliferation via activating AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). Moreover, this AMPK activation could suppress the secretion of tumor‐derived transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), which could enhance the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and activation of CD8 + T cells and impair the tumor infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), ultimately achieving the goal of enhanced cancer immunotherapy and significant inhibition of BCa tumor growth.
Synergistic Provoking of Pyroptosis and STING Pathway by Multifunctional Manganese‐Polydopamine Nano‐Immunomodulator for Enhanced Renal Cell Carcinoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Yufei Du, Yiyin Mai, Zhiwen Liu, Guanghui Lin, Siweier Luo, Chipeng Guo, Ge Qiao, Le Wang, Shuang Zhu, Yiming Zhou, Yue Pan
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Manganese ions are known to enhance anti‐tumor immunity by activating the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway. However, precise modulation of the tumor microenvironment using manganese ions remains a challenge. Dopamine, with its controlled release properties within the tumor microenvironment, offers significant potential for precision drug delivery systems. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), being refractory to conventional treatments, necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches. In this study, a multifunctional manganese‐polydopamine nano‐immunomodulator coated with hyaluronic acid (PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs) is developed. These nanoparticles selectively bind to CD44 molecules, which are highly expressed in tumor‐associated macrophages and RCC cells, and release manganese ions in a tumor microenvironment‐responsive manner. Treatment with PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs effectively induces macrophage M1 polarization, triggers the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs polarize and activate macrophages through the reactive oxygen species(ROS)‐STING‐p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Additionally, PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs induce ROS‐caspase‐3/GSDME‐dependent pyroptosis in RCC cells via a Fenton‐like reaction. In RCC mouse models, PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs remodel the macrophage‐mediated immune microenvironment, enhance immune cell infiltration, and significantly suppress tumor growth. In conclusion, multifunctional PDA‐Mn‐HA NPs demonstrate translational potential by addressing the limitations of precision manganese delivery and achieving synergistic targeting of macrophages and tumor cells, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for RCC.
Residual Risk of Recurrent Stroke Despite Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: John J. McCabe, Yuen Cheung, Marianne Foley, Stephen O. Brennan, Jane Buckley, Pol Camps Renom, Tim Cassidy, Ronan Collins, Eamon Dolan, Gerrit M. Grosse, Joseph Harbison, Kirstyn James, Kayvan Khadjooi, Isuru Induruwa, Mira Katan, Senan Maher, Margaret O’Connor, Martin O’Donnell, Francisco Purroy, Padraig Synott, Peter J. Kelly
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Importance Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of stroke, and oral anticoagulants (OAC) reduce this risk. However, there are limited data on the residual risk of recurrent stroke in patients with AF. Objective To determine the recurrent stroke risk in patients with AF by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources Eligible studies were identified by searching Ovid MEDLINE and Embase from inception (Ovid: January 1946; Embase: January 1970) until January 2025. Study Selection Eligible studies enrolled patients with prior ischemic stroke and AF, reported information on incidence of recurrent stroke, and had follow-up data for 1 or more years. Three reviewers independently screened abstracts and performed full-text reviews. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data extraction was performed by 2 reviewers and independently verified by a third. Incidence rates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Analysis was repeated in patients whose qualifying event occurred despite OAC. Study quality was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was recurrent ischemic stroke. The secondary outcomes were any recurrent stroke (ischemic stroke or intra-cerebral hemorrhage [ICH]) and ICH during follow-up. Results A total of 23 studies were identified, which included 78 733 patients and 140 307 years of follow-up. The median proportion of OAC use across studies was 92%. The pooled incidence of recurrent ischemic stroke was 3.75% per year (95% CI, 3.17%-4.33%). The risk was higher in noninterventional observational cohorts (4.20% per year; 95% CI, 3.41%-4.99%) compared with randomized clinical trials (2.26% per year; 95% CI, 1.96%-2.57%) ( P value for interaction &amp;amp;lt;.001). The risk of any recurrent stroke was 4.88% per year (95% CI, 3.87%-5.90%), and the risk of ICH was 0.58% per year (95% CI, 0.43%-0.73%). In patients with stroke despite OAC, the risk was 7.20% per year (95% CI, 5.05%-9.34%) for ischemic stroke, 8.96% per year (95% CI, 8.25%-9.67%) for any stroke, and 1.40% per year (95% CI, 0.40%-2.40%) for ICH. Conclusions and Relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, even with modern prevention therapy, the residual recurrence risk after AF-related stroke is high, with an estimated 1 in 6 patients experiencing a recurrent ischemic stroke at 5 years. These data demonstrate an urgent need to improve our understanding of the biological processes responsible for recurrence, improve risk stratification, and develop new secondary prevention strategies after AF-related stroke.
Evaluation of tumour pseudocapsule using computed tomography-based radiomics in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours to predict prognosis and guide surgical strategy: a cohort study
Authors: Yan Wang, Wenchao Gu, Dan Huang, Wuhu Zhang, Yingli Chen, Junfeng Xu, Zheng Li, Chenjie Zhou, Jie Chen, Xiaowu Xu, Wei Tang, Xianjun Yu, Shunrong Ji
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background To date, indications for a surgical approach of small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PanNETs) remain controversial. This cohort study aimed to identify the pseudocapsule status preoperatively to estimate the rationality of enucleation and survival prognosis of PanNETs, particularly in small tumours. Materials and methods Clinicopathological data were collected from patients with PanNETs who underwent the first pancreatectomy at our hospital (n = 578) between February 2012 and September 2023. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to visualise prognostic differences. Five distinct tissue samples were obtained for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to evaluate variations in the tumour microenvironment. Radiological features were extracted from preoperative arterial-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The performance of the pseudocapsule radiomics model was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) metric. Results 475 cases (mean [SD] age, 53.01 [12.20] years; female vs male, 1.24:1) were eligible for this study. The mean pathological diameter of tumour was 2.99 cm (median: 2.50 cm; interquartile range [IQR]: 1.50-4.00 cm). These cases were stratified into complete (223, 46.95%) and incomplete (252, 53.05%) pseudocapsule groups. A statistically significant difference in aggressive indicators was observed between the two groups (P &lt; 0.001). Through scRNA-seq analysis, we identified that the incomplete group presented a markedly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Regarding the impact on recurrence-free survival, the 3-year and 5-year rates were 94.8% and 92.5%, respectively, for the complete pseudocapsule group, compared to 76.7% and 70.4% for the incomplete pseudocapsule group. The radiomics-predictive model has a significant discrimination for the state of the pseudocapsule, particularly in small tumours (AUC, 0.744; 95% CI, 0.652-0.837). Conclusion By combining computed tomography-based radiomics and machine learning for preoperative identification of pseudocapsule status, the intact group is more likely to benefit from enucleation.
A Novel Intravascular Lithotripsy System in Severely Calcified Coronary Lesions: The Prospective COronary CAlcified Lesion Lithotripsy Procedure (COCALP) Study
Authors: Xin Deng, Yiqing Hu, Guosheng Fu, Genshan Ma, Xuebo Liu, Bei Shi, Jianfang Luo, Jingfeng Wang, Zhixiong Zhong, Hanbin Cui, Likun Ma, Juying Qian, Jian'an Wang, Hao Lu, Junbo Ge
Journal: MedComm (2025)

ABSTRACT Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is a promising therapy for calcified coronary lesions. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of a novel IVL system. The CO ronary CA lcified Lesion L ithotripsy P rocedure (COCALP) study (No. ChiCTR2300073280) was a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm trial involving 266 patients with severely calcified coronary lesions. The primary endpoint was procedural success, defined as successful stent implantation with ≤30% residual stenosis and no in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). In a subgroup, calcium morphology was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment. A total of 266 patients were included. The procedural success rate was 97.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.947–0.989), with the lower limit of the CI exceeding the prespecified performance goal ( p &lt; 0.001). No MACE occurred intraoperatively. During hospitalization, MACE occurred in five patients (1.9%), all of which were myocardial infarctions. MACE rates at 1 and 6 months were 2.3 and 3.4%, respectively. In the OCT subgroup ( n = 76), IVL induced a 76.8% rate of calcification fracture. The minimal lumen area increased from 1.77 ± 0.72 to 2.59 ± 1.11 mm 2 following IVL ( p &lt; 0.001), and further expanded to 5.22 ± 1.69 mm 2 poststenting ( p &lt; 0.001). The novel IVL system demonstrated high effectiveness and safety, supporting its use for treating severely calcified coronary lesions and enhancing stent implantation success.
Mature Biofilm-sensitive Lysozyme-Grafted Bi-guanidine Backbone Porphyrin Nanorods for Deep Penetration and Double Phototherapy
Authors: Wenyan Yao, Tingya Wang, Wenyu Sun, Xiaoyang Zhang, Hongjie Xiong, Jiajia Yin, Liu Liu, Xiaohui Liu, Xuemei Wang, Hui Jiang
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Graphene-polymer Nanofibers Enable Optically Induced Electrical Responses in Stem Cell-Derived Electrically Excitable Cells and Brain Organoids
Authors: Erin LaMontagne, Alex Savchenko, Gisselle Gonzalez, Ritwik Vatsyayan, Blanca Martin-Burgos, Francesca Puppo, Diogo Biagi, Fabio Papes, Shadi A. Dayeh, Alysson R. Muotri, Adam J. Engler
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Si Microanemones Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Highly Efficient Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Hanyue Kang, Lei Qiu, Yecheng Li, Xiaocheng Xu, Renjun Pei, Tongqing Yang, Lizhi Yang, Xiaobin Xu, Na Sun
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Liquid biopsy has emerged as a transformative approach for early cancer detection and treatment monitoring, offering significant potential to improve patient outcomes. However, isolating tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from body fluids is often impeded by background noise, making subsequent analysis challenging. Herein, a bio‐inspired 3D silicon microanemone (SMA) microfluidic chip is reported. This innovative structure is prepared by a two‐step lithographic method combined with nanosphere lithography, achieving an impressive isolation efficiency of 89.4%. Simulation results reveal that the hierarchical structure not only provides more antibody binding sites but also synergizes with an integrated chaotic mixer to amplify fluid perturbations, while inducing a flow around circular cylinder phenomenon to enhance EV‐antibody interactions. Finally, the SMA chip's performance is assessed with clinical samples and combined with RT‐qPCR‐based β‐actin ( ACTB ) mRNA quantification in purified EVs. The results demonstrate its high sensitivity and specificity in isolating cancer‐related EV subgroups, enabling non‐invasive and precise detection of cancer biomarkers in blood samples.
Intracellular In Situ Assembled DNA Networks Targeting Mitochondria Enable Selective Elimination of Senescent Cells and Improve Cell Viability
Authors: Zhi‐Qi Dai, Sha Lu, Zhen‐Tong Shen, Qing‐Nan Li, Gui‐Mei Han, Jin‐Ming Liu, Yan Huang, Hao Zheng, Yi Zhang, Guo Chen, Quan Chen, Yun‐Xi Cui, Li‐Na Zhu, De‐Ming Kong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Mitochondria play crucial roles in energy production, metabolism regulation, and cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many diseases, including cancers, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, developing methods for mitochondrial regulation and treating related diseases has garnered significant interest in biological and medical research. Here, a smart framework nucleic acid (FNA) strategy is presented for mitochondrial interference and targeted cell elimination. Our approach involves the design of tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) modified with triphenylphosphine and single‐stranded DNA sequences responding to specific nucleic acid biomarkers (e.g., microRNAs) presented in target cells. The interlinked DNA networks, formed in situ responding to specific biomarkers, enable targeting and enveloping of the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction. It is demonstrated that TDN‐based FNAs targeted the cancer‐associated microRNA (miR‐21) may enhance the efficacy of cancer therapy by disrupting mitochondrial function, while also serving as carriers of anti‐cancer drugs to reduce the side effects. Additionally, FNAs targeting the senescence‐associated microRNA (miR‐34a) specifically eliminate senescent cells in both cell and Caenorhabditis elegans models, thereby improving overall cell viability within mixed cell populations. This programmable and functionalized TDN‐based platform opens new avenues for advancing anti‐aging research and treating various diseases by achieving targeted cell elimination through mitochondrial interference.