tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of catch-up and at-birth nirsevimab immunisation against RSV hospital admission in the first year of life: a population-based case–control study, Spain, 2023/24 season
Authors: Olivier Núñez, Carmen Olmedo, David Moreno-Perez, Nicola Lorusso, Sergio Fernández Martínez, Pedro Eliseo Pastor Villalba, Ángeles Gutierrez, Marcos Alonso Garcia, Pello Latasa, Rosa Sancho, Jacobo Mendioroz, Montserrat Martinez-Marcos, Enriqueta Muñoz Platón, María Victoria García Rivera, Olaia Pérez-Martinez, Rosa Álvarez-Gil, Eva Rivas Wagner, Nieves López Gonzalez-Coviella, Matilde Zornoza, M Isabel Barranco, M del Carmen Pacheco, Virginia Álvarez Río, Miguel Fiol Jaume, Roxana Morey Arance, Begoña Adiego Sancho, Manuel Mendez Diaz, Noa Batalla, Cristina Andreu, Jesús Castilla, Manuel García Cenoz, Ana Fernández Ibáñez, Marta Huerta Huerta, Ana Carmen Ibáñez Pérez, Belén Berradre Sáenz, Joaquín Lamas, Luisa Hermoso, Susana Casado Cobo, Manuel Galán Cuesta, Sara Montenegro, María Domínguez, Inmaculada Jarrín, Aurora Limia, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso, Susana Monge
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

BackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity in infants < 1 year. In October 2023, Spain recommended the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab to all children born since 1 April 2023, at birth or as catch-up if born before October 2023.AimWe estimated nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations during the 2023/24 season.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population-based matched case-control study. Cases were children hospitalised for lower respiratory tract infection who were RSV PCR-positive. For each case, we selected four population density controls born in the same province and date (±2 days). We defined at-birth immunisation as receiving nirsevimab during the first 2 weeks of life, and catch-up immunisation within 30 days from campaign onset. Causal intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) effectiveness was estimated using inverse-probability-of-immunisation weighted conditional logistic regression.ResultsWe included 406 cases and 1,623 controls in catch-up and 546 cases and 2,182 controls in at-birth immunisation studies. Effectiveness in preventing RSV hospitalisations for catch-up immunisation was 71% (95% confidence interval (CI): 65-76) by ITT and 80% (95% CI: 75-84) PP. Effectiveness for at-birth immunisation was 78% (95% CI: 73-82) by ITT and 83% (95% CI: 79-87) PP. Effectiveness was similar for ICU admission, need of mechanical ventilation, and RSV viral subgroups A and B. Children born pre-term or with birthweight < 2,500 g showed lower PP effectiveness of 60-70%.ConclusionsPopulation-level nirsevimab immunoprophylaxis in children in their first RSV season was very effective in preventing RSV hospitalisations, ICU admission and mechanical ventilation, with reduced but still high effectiveness for pre-term and low-birthweight children.
A national outbreak of Serratia marcescens complex: investigation reveals genomic population structure but no source, Norway, June 2021 to February 2023
Authors: Arne Michael Taxt, Vegard Eldholm, Nicola Isabelle Kols, Maria Schei Haugan, Niclas Raffelsberger, Anne Mette Asfeldt, André Ingebretsen, Anita Blomfeldt, Kristin Stenhaug Kilhus, Paul Christoffer Lindemann, Horst Bentele, Jeanette Stålcrantz, Liz Ertzeid Ødeskaug, Thale Cathrine Berg
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

We report a national outbreak of Serratia marcescens complex type 755 (ct755) in Norway, with 74 cases identified between June 2021 and February 2023. Careful reviews of patient journals and interviews were performed, involving 33 hospitals throughout Norway. All available clinical isolates of S. marcescens collected between January 2021 and February 2023 (n = 455, including cases) from all involved hospitals were whole genome sequenced. Cases displayed a pattern of opportunistic infections, as usually observed with S. marcescens. No epidemiological links, common exposures or common risk factors were identified. The investigation pointed to an outbreak source present in the community. We suspect a nationally distributed product, possibly a food product, as the source. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a highly diverse bacterial population containing multiple distinct clusters. The outbreak cluster ct755 stands out as the largest and least diverse clone of a continuum, however a second cluster (ct281) also triggered a separate outbreak investigation. This report highlights challenges in the investigation of outbreaks caused by opportunistic pathogens and suggests that the presence of identical strains of S. marcescens in clinical samples is more common than previously recognised.
Tick-borne encephalitis: from tick surveillance to the first confirmed human cases, the United Kingdom, 2015 to 2023
Authors: Helen Callaby, Kate R Beard, Dominic Wakerley, Mary Alexandra Lake, Jane Osborne, Kevin Brown, Nadina Wand, Jenny Warner, Maya Holding, Nicholas WS Davies, Malcolm Proudfoot, Amanda Semper, Tim Brooks, Christina Petridou, Catherine F Houlihan, Tommy Rampling, Clare E Warrell, N Claire Gordon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

BackgroundTick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a flavivirus spread by ticks and can cause tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in humans. Previously, TBE has been reported in returning travellers in the United Kingdom (UK), but in 2019 and 2020, two probable cases of TBE acquired in the UK were identified.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate TBE cases in the UK between 2015 and 2023, describing the incidence, place and mode of acquisition and diagnostic process.MethodsA retrospective review of possible, probable and confirmed cases of TBE diagnosed by the Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory (RIPL) between January 2015 and December 2023 was performed. For cases identified in 2022 and 2023, clinical data were collected for enhanced surveillance using structured case record forms. Laboratory diagnosis is reviewed and described.ResultsWe identified 21 cases: three possible, seven probable and 11 confirmed cases. Of these, 12 were between January 2022 and December 2023: three possible, three probable and six confirmed cases. Two confirmed TBE cases had definite or highly probable acquisition in the UK, in June and August 2022, respectively. One of the possible cases had definite UK acquisition. Cases typically have a biphasic presentation, with encephalitis in the second phase.ConclusionClinicians should be aware of the possibility of TBE when the cause for encephalitis is not identified, even in the absence of travel to previously identified endemic regions.
Combined use of respiratory multiplex PCR and procalcitonin to reduce antibiotic exposure in sickle-cell adult patients with acute chest syndrome (The ANTIBIO-STA study): a randomised, controlled, open-label trial
Authors: Alexandre Sabaté-Elabbadi, Armand Mekontso-Dessap, François Lionnet, Aline Santin, Charlotte Verdet, Paul-Louis Woerther, Julien Lopinto, Matthieu Turpin, Alexandra Rousseau, Romane Lacoste-Badie, Keyvan Razazi, Guillaume Voiriot, Muriel Fartoukh
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
Xenotransplantation of a Porcine Kidney for End-Stage Kidney Disease
Authors: Tatsuo Kawai, Winfred W. Williams, Nahel Elias, Jay A. Fishman, Kerry Crisalli, Alban Longchamp, Ivy A. Rosales, Michael Duggan, Shoko Kimura, Leela Morena, Thiago J. Borges, Toshihide Tomosugi, Ahmad Karadagi, Tsukasa Nakamura, Kassem Safa, Alessia Giarraputo, Claire T. Avillach, Eva D. Patalas, R. Neal Smith, David H. Sachs, A. Benedict Cosimi, Joren C. Madsen, David K.C. Cooper, Richard Pierson, Steve Perrin, Ranjith P. Anand, Sagar Chhangawala, Matthew Coscarella, Alexandre Daigneault, Feng Li, Owen Pearce, Wenning Qin, William T. Serkin, Vincent Yeung, Kristen Getchell, Susan C. Low, Michael Curtis, Robert B. Colvin, Leonardo V. Riella
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

Xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the organ shortage crisis. A 62-year-old hemodialysis-dependent man with long-standing diabetes, advanced vasculopathy, and marked dialysis-access challenges received a gene-edited porcine kidney with 69 genomic edits, including deletion of three glycan antigens, inactivation of porcine endogenous retroviruses, and insertion of seven human transgenes. The xenograft functioned immediately. The patient's creatinine levels decreased promptly and progressively, and dialysis was no longer needed. After a T-cell-mediated rejection episode on day 8, intensified immunosuppression reversed rejection. Despite sustained kidney function, the patient died from unexpected, sudden cardiac causes on day 52; autopsy revealed severe coronary artery disease and ventricular scarring without evident xenograft rejection. (Funded by Massachusetts General Hospital and eGenesis.).
Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Active Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Richard A. Furie, Brad H. Rovin, Jay P. Garg, Mittermayer B. Santiago, Gustavo Aroca-Martínez, Adolfina Elizabeth Zuta Santillán, Damaris Alvarez, Cleyber Navarro Sandoval, Alexander M. Lila, James A. Tumlin, Amit Saxena, Fedra Irazoque Palazuelos, Harini Raghu, Bongin Yoo, Imran Hassan, Elsa Martins, Himanshi Sehgal, Petra Kirchner, Jorge Ross Terres, Theodore A. Omachi, Thomas Schindler, William F. Pendergraft, Ana Malvar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2025)

Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, provided significantly better renal responses than placebo in a phase 2 trial involving patients with lupus nephritis receiving standard therapy. In a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned adults with biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis in a 1:1 ratio to receive obinutuzumab in one of two dose schedules (1000 mg on day 1 and at weeks 2, 24, 26, and 52, with or without a dose at week 50) or placebo. All patients received standard therapy with mycophenolate mofetil, along with oral prednisone at a target dose of 7.5 mg per day by week 12 and 5 mg per day by week 24. The primary end point was a complete renal response at week 76, defined by a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of less than 0.5 (with protein and creatinine both measured in milligrams), an estimated glomerular filtration rate of at least 85% of the baseline value, and no intercurrent event (i.e., rescue therapy, treatment failure, death, or early trial withdrawal). Key secondary end points at week 76 included a complete renal response with a prednisone dose of 7.5 mg per day or lower between weeks 64 and 76 and a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio lower than 0.8 without an intercurrent event. A total of 271 patients underwent randomization; 135 were assigned to the obinutuzumab group (combined dose schedules) and 136 to the placebo group. A complete renal response at week 76 was observed in 46.4% of the patients in the obinutuzumab group and 33.1% of those in the placebo group (adjusted difference, 13.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 24.8; P = 0.02). A complete renal response at week 76 with a prednisone dose of 7.5 mg per day or lower between weeks 64 and 76 was observed in more patients in the obinutuzumab group than in the placebo group (42.7% vs. 30.9%; adjusted difference, 11.9 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.6 to 23.2; P = 0.04), and a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio lower than 0.8 without an intercurrent event was more common with obinutuzumab than with placebo (55.5% vs. 41.9%; adjusted difference, 13.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 2.0 to 25.4; P = 0.02). No unexpected safety signals were identified. More serious adverse events, mainly infections and events related to coronavirus disease 2019, occurred with obinutuzumab than with placebo. Among adults with active lupus nephritis, obinutuzumab plus standard therapy was more efficacious than standard therapy alone in providing a complete renal response. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; REGENCY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04221477.).
Knudson’s “Two-Hit” Hypothesis and Cancer Predisposition: A Bit More Complicated but Still Going Strong
Authors: Jack J. Brzezinski, David Malkin
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Summary: This study by Treger and colleagues is a comprehensive evaluation of the genome and epigenome of tumors and constitutional tissue from children with Wilms tumor predisposition syndromes that demonstrates that the molecular features of Wilms tumors are dependent on the constitutional milieu of the patient in which they develop. See related article by Treger et al., p. 286
Strengthening Asian/Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Leadership in Cancer Research
Authors: Lawrence W. Wu, Ryan H. Moy, Nina Bhardwaj, Kathleen Cho, Gen-Sheng Feng, Edward S. Kim, Ming Lei, Edison T. Liu, Anirban Maitra, Motomi Mori, Irene O.L. Ng, Masanobu Oshima, William Pao, Ben Ho Park, Suresh Ramalingam, Sun Young Rha, Sandra W. Ryeom, Alice T. Shaw, Lillian L. Siu, Anil K. Suri, Daniel S. Tan, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Naoto T. Ueno, Sunil Verma, Kwok-Kin Wong, Catherine J. Wu, Hong Wu, James Chih-Hsin Yang
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Individuals in the United States from Asian and Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) backgrounds face a distinct set of cancer-related disparities. In this study, in conjunction with the American Association for Cancer Research Asian/AANHPI Task Force, we highlight the unique disparities faced by AANHPI patients and professionals, and we offer actionable recommendations on how to strengthen AANHPI leadership in cancer research.
Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions
Authors: Harold Nunez, Pamela A. Nieto, Ruben A. Mars, Maryam Ghavami, Cheryl Sew Hoy, Kimberley Sukhum
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

The development of the gut microbiome is crucial to human health, particularly during the first three years of life. Given its role in immune development, disturbances in the establishment process of the gut microbiome may have long term consequences. This review summarizes evidence for these claims, highlighting compositional changes of the gut microbiome during this critical period of life as well as factors that affect gut microbiome development. Based on human and animal data, we conclude that the early-life microbiome is a determinant of long-term health, impacting physiological, metabolic, and immune processes. The early-life gut microbiome field faces challenges. Some of these challenges are technical, such as lack of standardized stool collection protocols, inconsistent DNA extraction methods, and outdated sequencing technologies. Other challenges are methodological: small sample sizes, lack of longitudinal studies, and poor control of confounding variables. To address these limitations, we advocate for more robust research methodologies to better understand the microbiome's role in health and disease. Improved methods will lead to more reliable microbiome studies and a deeper understanding of its impact on health outcomes.
A Material Transfer Agreement between Glioblastoma and Normal Brain Cells
Authors: Sajina Shakya, Christopher G. Hubert, Justin D. Lathia
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Summary: Tumor cells communicate with normal cells in various ways, typically leading to the exploitation of resources of the normal cells by tumor cells for their benefit. In this issue, Mangena and colleagues use three-dimensional organoid models to show the transfer of GFP and mRNA from malignant glioblastoma to nonmalignant cells in cerebral organoid models; this transfer is facilitated by extracellular vesicles and possibly tunneling nanotubes, demonstrating how nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment can be exploited by neighboring malignant cells. See related article by Mangena et al., p. 299
Hidden in Plain Sight: Clinical Imaging of the Tumor Microenvironment with PET
Authors: Timothy H. Witney
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Summary: PET imaging enables the spatiotemporal assessment of tumor biomarkers. In this issue, Kong and colleagues describe the clinical PET imaging of tumor-associated fibroblasts, which improved the diagnostic accuracy and management of a subset of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. See related article by Kong et al., p. 316
Long-term Outcomes and Prognostic Impact of Residual Cancer Burden After Intensified Neoadjuvant Therapy in High-risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Praful Ravi, Lucia Kwak, Andres M Acosta, Saahil Rastogi, Wanling Xie, Aya Abdelnaser, David J Einstein, Peter Chang, Andrew A Wagner, Rana R McKay, Adam S Kibel, Mary-Ellen Taplin
Journal: European Urology (2025)
Corrigendum to ‘Investigating the delivery of PD-L1-targeted immunoliposomes in a dynamic cervical cancer-on-a-chip model’ [Journal of Controlled Release Volume 379, 10 March 2025, Pages 236–250]
Authors: Seth-Frerich Fobian, Mohamadreza Amin, Andrea Sacchetti, Ann L B Seynhaeve, Arlene L Oei, Timo L M Ten Hagen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Bone marrow breakout lesions act as key sites for tumor-immune cell diversification in multiple myeloma
Authors: Raphael Lutz, Alexandra M. Poos, Llorenç Solé-Boldo, Lukas John, Johanna Wagner, Nina Prokoph, Marc A. Baertsch, Dominik Vonficht, Subarna Palit, Alexander Brobeil, Gunhild Mechtersheimer, Nina Hildenbrand, Stefan Hemmer, Simon Steiger, Sabrina Horn, Wojciech Pepke, David M. Spranz, Christoph Rehnitz, Pooja Sant, Jan-Philipp Mallm, Mirco J. Friedrich, Philipp Reichert, Stefanie Huhn, Andreas Trumpp, Karsten Rippe, Laleh Haghverdi, Stefan Fröhling, Carsten Müller-Tidow, Daniel Hübschmann, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Gerald Willimsky, Sandra Sauer, Marc S. Raab, Simon Haas, Niels Weinhold
Journal: Science Immunology (2025)

The bone marrow microenvironment plays a crucial role in the development of multiple myeloma. As the disease progresses, malignant myeloma cells can evolve to survive outside the bone marrow. However, the processes underlying bone marrow independence and their consequences for immune control remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted single-cell and spatial multiomics analyses of bone marrow-confined intramedullary disease and paired breakout lesions that disrupt the cortical bone. These analyses revealed a distinct cellular microenvironment and architectural features of breakout lesions, characterized by extensive areas of malignant plasma cells interspersed with lesion-specific solitary natural killer and macrophage populations, as well as focal accumulations of immune cell agglomerates. Within these agglomerates, spatially confined T cell clones expanded alongside various immune cells, coinciding with the local genomic evolution of tumor cells. These analyses identify breakout lesions as a hotspot for tumor-immune cell interactions and diversification, representing a key event in myeloma pathogenesis.
Factors Associated with Vision Outcomes in Microbial Keratitis – a Multisite Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Maria A Woodward, Emily L Vogt, Leslie M Niziol, Shahzad I Mian, Alan Sugar, Angela Verkade, Nambi Nallasamy, Mercy Pawar, Linda Kang, Keith D Miller, Suzanne Winter, Sina Farsiu, N Venkatesh Prajna
Journal: Ophthalmology (2025)
Socioeconomic Disparities in Keratinocyte Carcinomas Treated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery
Authors: Cory Shoshany, Karla L Valdes-Morales, Daniela Frankel, Kiara Corcoran Ruiz, Mara Trifoi, Christopher J Miller, Jeremy R Etzkorn, Jocelyn He, Gui-Shuang Ying, César A Briceño
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Mucoid <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> - Prevalence and Association with Lung Function in People with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Christine H. Rumpf, Timo Janssen, Robert Jonathan Hait, Karin Romme, Clemens Decker, Janne Peters, Corinna Czowalla, Susanne Deiwick, Dennis Görlich, Angelika Dübbers, Jörg Große-Onnebrink, Christina Kessler, Peter Küster, Holger Schültingkemper, Helge Hebestreit, Ute Graepler-Mainka, Silke van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, Tom Schildberg, Sabine Renner, Susanne Nährig, Bettina Wollschläger, Anne Schlegtendal, Sivagurunathan Sutharsan, Florian Stehling, Sibylle Junge, Manfred Ballmann, Bianca Schwartbeck, Barbara C. Kahl
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)

Rationale: The mucoid phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus is caused by adaptation. Excessive biofilm formation associated with a protective effect for mucoid S. aureus was observed in isolates from respiratory samples of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of mucoid S. aureus in pwCF and a potential association with CF lung disease. Methods: A prospective multicenter study was conducted (cross-sectional and longitudinal). Specimens and case report forms were sent to the central study laboratory for characterization of S. aureus and analysis of clinical parameters. Measurements and main results: Cross-sectional study: In 41 of 451 S. aureus-positive pwCF (9.1%) from 13 CF-centers, mucoid S. aureus was cultured. Longitudinal study: The distribution of CFTR genotypes, the number of pwCF with highly effective modulator therapy and co-infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were equivalent in the mucoid (35 pwCF) versus the control group (only non-mucoid S. aureus, 36 pwCF). While lung function did not differ between groups as a whole, a subgroup analysis revealed significantly worse lung function for female pwCF with mucoid S. aureus as well as for pwCF if P. aeruginosa co-infection was excluded. Conclusions: In the era of highly effective modulator therapy, worse lung function was associated with female and P. aeruginosa-negative pwCF with mucoid S. aureus compared to pwCF with only non-mucoid S. aureus. Therefore, appropriate culture conditions should be established to detect mucoid S. aureus. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the relationship between mucoid S. aureus and CF lung disease.
Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Chinese Nonsmokers
Authors: Meng Zhu, Yuting Han, Yuanlin Mou, Xia Meng, Chen Ji, Xia Zhu, Canqing Yu, Dianjianyi Sun, Ling Yang, Qiufen Sun, Yiping Chen, Huaidong Du, Juncheng Dai, Zhengming Chen, Zhibin Hu, Jun Lv, Guangfu Jin, Hongxia Ma, Haidong Kan, Liming Li, Hongbing Shen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)

Rationale: The association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lung cancer incidence in non-smokers (LCINS) remains inconsistent. Objectives: To investigate the association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and LCINS in a Chinese population and to assess the modifying effect of genetic factors. Methods: Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were employed to evaluate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of PM2.5 with LCINS risk and LCINS-related mortality. The polygenic risk score (PRS) was constructed to further explore the interactions between genetic risk and PM2.5 exposure. Additionally, the population attributable fraction (PAF) of PM2.5 to lung cancer risk and mortality was calculated. Measurements and Main Results: The results demonstrated significant associations between PM2.5 exposure and LCINS incidence (HR: 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.17, per 10 µg/m3) and mortality (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.27, per 10 µg/m3). Compared to the lowest-risk group, individuals exposed to the high PM2.5 level (≥50.9 µg/m3) and high genetic risk (top 30%) exhibited the highest LCINS incidence (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.39-2.87) and mortality (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.38-3.82). A significant additive interaction between PM2.5 and genetic risk on LCINS incidence was observed. Approximately 33.6% of LCINS cases and 48.5% of LCINS-related deaths in China could be prevented if PM2.5 concentrations were reduced to meet WHO guidelines. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to outdoor PM2.5 increases LCINS risk and LCINS-related mortality, especially in populations with high genetic risk. Strengthening air pollution control measures in China has the potential to significantly reduce the burden of LCINS.