tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Great Imitator
Authors: Sharjeel Usmani, Khulood Al Riyami, Anjali Jain, Rajesh Joseph Selvakumar, Vipin V. Jayakrishan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract Primary pulmonary paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors and are often discovered incidentally as nonfunctioning masses. We report a case of 58-year-old woman recently diagnosed with multifocal right breast cancer and suspicious right axillary lymph nodes. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a well-defined marginated lesion in the lower lobe of the right lung with intense FDG uptake. Findings were suspicious for pulmonary metastases. CT-guided biopsy results were consistent with a paraganglioma. Paragangliomas can mimic metastases, especially if they are large or have a high degree of FDG uptake, and careful evaluation of imaging features and clinical findings can help differentiate these entities. Most of the time biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
Prophylaxis and management of graft-versus-host disease after stem-cell transplantation for haematological malignancies: updated consensus recommendations of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Olaf Penack, Monia Marchetti, Mahmoud Aljurf, Mutlu Arat, Francesca Bonifazi, Rafael F Duarte, Sebastian Giebel, Hildegard Greinix, Mette D Hazenberg, Nicolaus Kröger, Stephan Mielke, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler, Jakob Passweg, Francesca Patriarca, Tapani Ruutu, Hélène Schoemans, Carlos Solano, Radovan Vrhovac, Daniel Wolff, Robert Zeiser, Anna Sureda, Zinaida Peric
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2024)
Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma in the Sphenoid Sinus
Authors: Toshiya Takamura, Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Takayuki Yamamoto, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Abstract A 39-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of headaches. Imaging revealed a mass with extensive destruction. T2-weighted imaging displayed mixture of low and sponge-like high intensities and also dark area, with FDG PET/CT showing uneven but intense accumulation. Biopsy confirmed EWSR1 rearrangement, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) was diagnosed. HCCC, recently renamed from clear cell carcinoma in the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors, is a rare tumor. This case describes the features of T2-weighted imaging and FDG PET patterns in HCCC, possibly contributing to their consideration in the differential diagnosis.
Of Peritoneal Dialysis Access and Home Dialysis Accessibility
Authors: Jeffrey Perl, Isaac Teitelbaum, Robert R. Quinn
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2023)

1Division of Nephrology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado 3Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Correspondence: Dr. Jeffrey Perl, Division of Nephrology, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, University of Toronto, 61 Queen Street East, 9-128, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada. Email: [email protected] Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org. See related article, "Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Complications after Insertion by Surgeons, Radiologists, or Nephrologists," on pages 85–93.
2-N, 6-O sulfated chitosan evokes periosteal stem cells for bone regeneration
Authors: Luli Ji, Yuanman Yu, Fuwei Zhu, Dongao Huang, Xiaogang Wang, Jing Wang, Changsheng Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Musculoskeletal injuries and bone defects represent a significant clinical challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for effective bone tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated the potential of harnessing periosteal stem cells (PSCs) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-mimicking materials for
A bioactive composite hydrogel dressing that promotes healing of both acute and chronic diabetic skin wounds
Authors: Shunlai Shang, Kaiting Zhuang, Jianwen Chen, Ming Zhang, Shimin Jiang, Wenge Li
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Mesenchymal stem cell derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) demonstrate beneficial effects on wound healing via anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties. Chitosan (CS) exhibits excellent biocompatibility and accelerates cellular migration, adhesion, and proliferation. The ions released from bioactive glass (BG) and titanium dioxide (TiO
Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: performance of a short contrast-free screening magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Ann D King, Qi Yong H Ai, W K Jacky Lam, Irene O L Tse, Tiffany Y So, Lun M Wong, Jayden Yip Man Tsang, Ho Sang Leung, Benny C Y Zee, Edwin P Hui, Brigette B Y Ma, Alexander C Vlantis, Andrew C van Hasselt, Anthony T C Chan, John K S Woo, K C Allen Chan
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract Background Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) not detected by endoscopic-guided biopsy (EGB), a short contrast-free screening MRI would be desirable for NPC screening programs. This study evaluated a screening MRI in a plasma Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-DNA NPC screening program. Methods EBV-DNA-screen-positive patients underwent endoscopy, and endoscopy-positive patients underwent EGB. EGB was negative if the biopsy was negative or was not performed. Patients also underwent a screening MRI. Diagnostic performance was based on histologic confirmation of NPC in the initial study or during a follow-up period of at least 2 years. Results The study prospectively recruited 354 patients for MRI and endoscopy; 40/354 (11.3%) endoscopy-positive patients underwent EGB. Eighteen had NPC (5.1%), and 336 without NPC (94.9%) were followed up for a median of 44.8 months. MRI detected additional NPCs in 3/18 (16.7%) endoscopy-negative and 2/18 (11.1%) EGB-negative patients (stage I/II, n = 4; stage III, n = 1). None of the 24 EGB-negative patients who were MRI-negative had NPC. MRI missed NPC in 2/18 (11.1%), one of which was also endoscopy-negative. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI, endoscopy, and EGB were 88.9%, 91.1%, 34.8%, 99.4%, and 91.0%; 77.8%, 92.3%, 35.0%, 98.7%, and 91.5%; and 66.7%, 92.3%, 31.6%, 98.1%, and 91.0%, respectively. Conclusion A quick contrast-free screening MRI complements endoscopy in NPC screening programs. In EBV-screen-positive patients, MRI enables early detection of NPC that is endoscopically occult or negative on EGB and increases confidence that NPC has not been missed.
Tuberculosis treatment monitoring tests during routine practice: study design guidance
Authors: Emily Lai-Ho MacLean, Alexandra J. Zimmer, Saskia den Boon, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Daniela M. Cirillo, Frank Cobelens, Stephen H. Gillespie, Payam Nahid, Patrick P. Phillips, Morten Ruhwald, Claudia M. Denkinger
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Scope The current tools for tuberculosis (TB) treatment monitoring, smear microscopy and culture, cannot accurately predict poor treatment outcomes. Research into new TB treatment monitoring tools (TMT) is growing, but data are unreliable. In this document, we aim to provide guidance for studies investigating and evaluating TB TMT for use during routine clinical care. Here, a TB TMT would guide treatment during the course of therapy, rather test for cure at the regimen's end. This document does not cover the use of TB TMTs as surrogate endpoints in the clinical trial context. Methods Guidelines were initially informed by experiences during a systematic review of TB TMTs. Subsequently, a small content expert group was consulted for feedback on initial recommendations. After revision, feedback from substantive experts across sectors was sought. Questions addressed by the guideline and Recommendations The proposed considerations and recommendations for studies evaluating TB TMTs for use during treatment in routine clinical care fall into eight domains. We provide specific recommendations regarding study design and recruitment; outcome definitions; reference standards; participant follow-up; clinical setting; study population; treatment regimen reporting; and index tests and data presentation. Overall, TB TMTs should be evaluated in a manner similar to diagnostic tests, but TB TMT accuracy must be assessed at multiple timepoints throughout the treatment course, and TB TMTs should be evaluated in study populations who have already received a diagnosis of TB. Study design and outcome definitions must be aligned with the developmental phase of the TB TMT under evaluation. There is no gold standard for TB treatment response, so different reference standards and comparator tests have been proposed, the selection of which will vary depending on the developmental phase of the TMT under assessment. The use of comparator tests can assist in generating evidence. Clarity is required when reporting of timepoints, TMT read-outs, and analysis results. Implementing these recommendations will lead to higher quality TB TMT studies which will allow data to be meaningfully compared, thereby facilitating the development of novel tools to guide individual TB therapy and improve treatment outcomes.
Nanotechnology for microglial targeting and inhibition of neuroinflammation underlying Alzheimer’s pathology
Authors: Hoda M Gebril, Aravind Aryasomayajula, Mariana Reis Nogueira de Lima, Kathryn E Uhrich, Prabhas V Moghe
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2024)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to have a multifactorial etiology. The hallmark of AD is progressive neurodegeneration, which is characterized by the deepening loss of memory and a high mortality rate in the elderly. The neurodegeneration in AD is believed to be exacerbated following the intercoupled cascades of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, uncontrolled microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. Current therapies for AD are mostly designed to target the symptoms, with limited ability to address the mechanistic triggers for the disease. In this study, we report a novel nanotechnology based on microglial scavenger receptor (SR)-targeting amphiphilic nanoparticles (NPs) for the convergent alleviation of fibril Aβ (fAβ) burden, microglial modulation, and neuroprotection.
Choosing immunomodulating therapies for the treatment of COVID-19: recommendations based on placebo-controlled trial evidence
Authors: Daniel A. Sweeney, Suzana M. Lobo, Pedro Póvoa, Andre C. Kalil
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

BackgroundImmunomodulatory therapy has been extensively studied in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with inconsistent findings. Guideline committees, reviewing the same clinical trial data, have generated different recommendations for immunomodulatory therapy.ObjectivesWe hypothesize that trial design differences, specifically whether the study utilized an open-label or placebo-controlled design, accounted for the inconsistent mortality effects reported in clinical trials of immunomodulator therapies for COVID-19.SourcesWe reviewed COVID-19 treatment guidelines (WHO, IDSA and NIH) and identified the meta-analyses associated with glucocorticoids, IL-6 inhibitors, JAK kinase inhibitors, and complement C5a inhibitors that were available to the guideline authors at the time recommendations were either made or updated.ContentWe identified a meta-analysis for each of the immunomodulator classes that are included in current COVID-19 treatment guidelines: glucocorticoids (JAMA. 2021;326(6):499-518 cited 419), IL-6 antagonists (JAMA. 2021;326(6):499-518 cited 419), JAK inhibitors (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 13;6(6):CD015209 cited 34) and complement C5a inhibitors (Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 21:1, 77-86 cited 1). Using the same RCTs, we evaluated the 4 meta-analyses accounting for trial design: placebo-controlled or open-label. Glucocorticoids (RR 0.91 [95% CI, 0.49-1.69]), IL-6 inhibitors sarilumab (RR 1.17 [95% CI, 0.96-01.43]) and tocilizumab (RR 0.95 [95% CI, 0.76-1.19]) did not reduce mortality in placebo-controlled trials, whereas baricitinib did confer a large survival benefit (RR 0.65, [95% CI 0.52-0.81]). The complement C5a inhibitor, vilobelimab, also reduced mortality in a single placebo-controlled trial (RR 0.76 [95% CI, 0.57-1.0]).ImplicationsPlacebo-controlled trial evidence indicates that baricitinib should be the first choice immunomodulator for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who require any form of oxygen support—low or high-flow oxygen, non-invasive or invasive ventilation. Vilobelimab warrants study in a large placebo-controlled trial. Treatment guidelines for future pandemics should prioritize the results of placebo-controlled trials.
ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): Executive Summary A Collaborative Report From the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,⁎⁎AAVS/SVS when Guideline initiated, now merged into SVSSociety for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on …
Authors: Alan T. Hirsch, Ziv J. Haskal, Norman R. Hertzer, Curtis W. Bakal, Mark A. Creager, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, William R.C. Murphy, Jeffrey W. Olin, Jules B. Puschett, Kenneth A. Rosenfield, David Sacks, James C. Stanley, Lloyd M. Taylor, Christopher J. White, John White, Rodney A. White, Elliott M. Antman, Sidney C. Smith, Cynthia D. Adams, Jeffrey L. Anderson, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Raymond J. Gibbons, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, Sharon A. Hunt, Alice K. Jacobs, Rick Nishimura, Joseph P. Ornato, Richard L. Page, Barbara Riegel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of McIsaac and Centor score in patients presenting to secondary care with pharyngitis
Authors: Atchchuthan Kanagasabai, Callum Evans, Hayley E. Jones, Alastair D. Hay, Sarah Dawson, Jelena Savović, Martha M.C. Elwenspoek
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Background Centor and McIsaac scores are clinical prediction rules for diagnosing group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection in patients with pharyngitis. Their recommended thresholds vary between guidelines. Objectives To estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the McIsaac and Centor scores to diagnose GAS pharyngitis and evaluate their impact on antibiotic prescribing at each threshold in patients presenting to secondary care. Data sources MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 2022. Study eligibility criteria Studies of patients presenting with acute pharyngitis to emergency or outpatient clinics that estimated the accuracy of McIsaac or Centor scores against throat cultures and/or rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) as reference standards. Tests Centor or McIsaac score Reference standard Throat cultures and/or RADT Assessment of risk of bias QUADAS-2 Methods of data synthesis: The sensitivities and specificities of the McIsaac and Centor scores were pooled at each threshold using bivariate random effects meta-analysis. Results Fourteen studies were included (8 McIsaac and 6 Centor score). Eight studies had unclear and six had a high risk of bias. The McIsaac score had higher estimated sensitivity and lower specificity relative to Centor scores at equivalent thresholds, but with wide and overlapping confidence regions. Using either score as a triage to RADT to decide antibiotic treatment would reduce antibiotic prescription to non-GAS pharyngitis patients relative to RADT test for everyone, but also reduce antibiotic prescription to GAS patients. Conclusion Centor and McIsaac scores are equally ineffective at triaging patients who need antibiotics presenting with pharyngitis at hospitals. At high thresholds, too many true positive cases are missed, while at low thresholds, too many false positives are treated, leading to the over-prescription of antibiotics. The former may be compensated by adequate safety netting by clinicians, ensuring that patients can seek help if symptoms worsen.
Universal Risk Factors for Mortality in Bloodstream Infections (UNIFORM): a systematic review and Delphi survey
Authors: Ben Varon, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Marlieke E.A. de Kraker, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Leonard Leibovici, Mical Paul, Marc Bonten, Yehuda Carmeli, Elena Carrara, Henry F. Chambers, Joshua S. Davis, George L. Daikos, Marlieke de Kraker, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Angela Huttner, Andre C. Kalil, Keith Kaye, Todd C. Lee, Leonard Leibovici, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, David Paterson, Mical Paul, Pilar Retamar Gentil, Jesus Rodríiguez Baño, Luigia Scudeller, Evelina Tacconelli, Guy Thwaites, Steven Tong, Ben Varon, Dafna Yahav
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Publisher Correction: Thymus alterations and susceptibility to immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis
Authors: Charlotte Fenioux, Baptiste Abbar, Samia Boussouar, Marie Bretagne, John R. Power, Javid J. Moslehi, Paul Gougis, Damien Amelin, Agnès Dechartres, Lorenz H. Lehmann, Pierre-Yves Courand, Jennifer Cautela, Joachim Alexandre, Adrien Procureur, Antoine Rozes, Sarah Leonard-Louis, Juan Qin, Nausheen Akhter, Nazanin Aghel, Kingsley Amidi, Elizabeth Anderson, Dimitri Arangalage, Mandar Aras, Aarti Asnani, Lauren A. Baldassarre, Rocio Barovila, Ana Sofia Barroso, Wendy Bottinor, Anissa Bouali, Eve Cariou, Wei-Ting Chang, Richard K. Cheng, Shanthini M. Crusz, Anita Deswal, Pierre-Yves Dietrich, Grace Dy, Clemence Docq, Steven Ewer, Suran Fernando, Danette L. Flint, Roberta Florido, Satoshi Fukushima, Elena Galli, Elizabeth Gaughan, Manhal Habib, Andrew Haydon, Lucie Heinzerling, Osnat Itzhaki Ben Zadok, Nahema Issa, Anja Karlstaedt, Kazuo Kitagawa, Michael Layoun, Michal Laufer-Perl, Carrie Lenneman, Darryl Leong, Chloe Lesiuk, Joshua Levenson, Teresa López-Fernández, Yan Liu, Kristen Machado, Pedro Moliner, Ryota Morimoto, Michel Obeid, Anna Narezkina, Nicolas Palaskas, Giovanni Peretto, Nicolas Piriou, Juan Carlos Plana, Peter P. Rainer, Maxime Robert-Halabi, Fanny Rocher, Eugenia Rota, Francois Roubille, Theresa Ruf, Shahneen Sandhu, Francis Sanjeev, Nobuhiko Seki, Kazuko Tajiri, Yuichi Tamura, Franck Thuny, Romain Tresorier, Isik Turker, Ellen Warner, Vlad Zaha, Han Zhu, Rémi Cheynier, Benedicte Charmeteau-De Muylder, Alban Redheuil, Florence Tubach, Jacques Cadranel, Audrey Milon, Stéphane Ederhy, Thomas Similowski, Douglas B. Johnson, Ian Pizzo, Toniemarie Catalan, Olivier Benveniste, Salim S. Hayek, Yves Allenbach, Michelle Rosenzwajg, Charles Dolladille, Joe-Elie Salem
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Bridging the Gap Between Clinical Suspicion of Neuroendocrine Tumors and Diagnosis With PET/CT When Pathology Is Unavailable
Authors: Roberto C. Delgado Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán, Ludmila Santiago Almeida, David Taïeb, Francesco Giammarile
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Delgado Bolton, Roberto C. MD, PhD; Calapaquí Terán, Adriana K. MD; Almeida, Ludmila Santiago MD; Taïeb, David MD, PhD; Giammarile, Francesco MD, PhD Author Information
Bacteria and bacteriophage consortia are associated with protective intestinal metabolites in patients receiving stem cell transplantation
Authors: Erik Thiele Orberg, Elisabeth Meedt, Andreas Hiergeist, Jinling Xue, Paul Heinrich, Jinlong Ru, Sakhila Ghimire, Oriana Miltiadous, Sarah Lindner, Melanie Tiefgraber, Sophia Göldel, Tina Eismann, Alix Schwarz, Sascha Göttert, Sebastian Jarosch, Katja Steiger, Christian Schulz, Michael Gigl, Julius C Fischer, Klaus-Peter Janssen, Michael Quante, Simon Heidegger, Peter Herhaus, Mareike Verbeek, Jürgen Ruland, Marcel R M van den Brink, Daniela Weber, Matthias Edinger, Daniel Wolff, Dirk H Busch, Karin Kleigrewe, Wolfgang Herr, Florian Bassermann, André Gessner, Li Deng, Ernst Holler, Hendrik Poeck
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)
Conservative kidney management and kidney supportive care: core components of integrated care for people with kidney failure
Authors: Sara N. Davison, Wolfgang Pommer, Mark A. Brown, Claire A. Douglas, Samantha L. Gelfand, Irmingarda P. Gueco, Barnaby D. Hole, Sumiko Homma, Rümeyza T. Kazancıoğlu, Harumi Kitamura, Sahar H. Koubar, Rene Krause, Kelly C. Li, Aoife C. Lowney, Shankar P. Nagaraju, Abdou Niang, Gregorio T. Obrador, Yoichi Ohtake, Jane O. Schell, Jennifer S. Scherer, Brendan Smyth, Kaichiro Tamba, Nandini Vallath, Nicola Wearne, Elena Zakharova, Carlos Zúñiga, Frank P. Brennan
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

Integrated kidney care requires synergistic linkage between preventative care for people at risk for chronic kidney disease and health services providing care for people with kidney disease, ensuring holistic and coordinated care as people transition between acute and chronic kidney disease and the 3 modalities of kidney failure management: conservative kidney management, transplantation, and dialysis. People with kidney failure have many supportive care needs throughout their illness, regardless of treatment modality. Kidney supportive care is therefore a vital part of this integrated framework, but is nonexistent, poorly developed, and/or poorly integrated with kidney care in many settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To address this, the International Society of Nephrology has (i) coordinated the development of consensus definitions of conservative kidney management and kidney supportive care to promote international understanding and awareness of these active treatments; and (ii) identified key considerations for the development and expansion of conservative kidney management and kidney supportive care programs, especially in low resource settings, where access to kidney replacement therapy is restricted or not available. This article presents the definitions for conservative kidney management and kidney supportive care; describes their core components with some illustrative examples to highlight key points; and describes some of the additional considerations for delivering conservative kidney management and kidney supportive care in low resource settings.
Unraveling the diversity and functions of tissue-resident plasma cells
Authors: Julie Tellier, Ilariya Tarasova, Junli Nie, Christopher S Smillie, Pasquale L Fedele, Wang H J Cao, Joanna R Groom, Gabrielle T Belz, Deepta Bhattacharya, Gordon K Smyth, Stephen L Nutt
Journal: Nature Immunology (2024)
Concurrent Left Ventricular Myocardial Diffuse Fibrosis and Left Atrial Dysfunction Strongly Predict Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Mark Y.Z. Wong, Jose D. Vargas, Hafiz Naderi, Mihir M. Sanghvi, Zahra Raisi-Estabragh, Avan Suinesiaputra, Rodrigo Bonazzola, Rahman Attar, Nishant Ravikumar, Evan Hann, Stefan Neubauer, Stefan K. Piechnik, Alejandro F. Frangi, Steffen E. Petersen, Nay Aung
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2024)