tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Midline Venous Catheter vs Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter for Intravenous Therapy
Authors: Ahmed Bentridi, Marie-France Giroux, Gilles Soulez, Louis Bouchard, Pierre Perreault, Audrey Chouinard, Marc Dorais, Ricardo Do Amaral, Pascaline Bernier, Eric Therasse
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are frequently used for peripheral intravenous therapy (IVT) that could be administered through a peripheral midline venous catheter (MVC). Objective To assess the noninferiority of MVCs compared with PICCs as a reliable vascular access for peripheral IVT and blood draws for IVT that does not require a central VC. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was conducted in a single tertiary care center from September 2018 to March 2022. Participants were all consecutive adult patients who were referred for PICC and eligible for MVC. Patients likely to require a central VC (those in the critical care unit, those with kidney failure, or those requiring a multilumen VC) were excluded. Analyses were based on the evaluable population. Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1 to either MVC or PICC. For the MVC group, a 20-cm-long, 4F (French), single-lumen MVC without a valve was used without fluoroscopic assistance. For the PICC group, a 4F, single-lumen PICC without a valve was positioned under fluoroscopy at the cavoatrial junction. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the percentage of patients without VC-related adverse events or dysfunctions requiring medical intervention during follow-up. A noninferiority test was performed to compare the proportion of adverse events or dysfunctions between the MVC and PICC groups. A noninferiority margin was set at 10% and a 5% 1-sided significance level. Results Of the 6821 patients referred to the tertiary care center for PICC insertion, 294 (180 males [61.2%]; median [IQR] age, 56.3 [38.2-66.7] years) were randomized to receive MVCs (n = 146) or PICCs (n = 148); 135 and 137 participants, respectively, were included in data analysis after exclusion of those who did not complete follow-up. Ninety of 135 patients (66.7%) in the MVC group and 128 of 137 (93.4%) in the PICC group were without VC-related adverse event or dysfunction. The noninferiority of MVC could not be demonstrated ( P &amp;amp;gt; .99 for noninferiority). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, MVCs were associated with a significantly higher percentage of patients with VC-related adverse events or dysfunctions and could not be demonstrated as a noninferior alternative to PICCs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03502980
Treatment and Attrition Trends for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in the US
Authors: Zeynep Irem Ozay, Yeonjung Jo, Gliceida Galarza Fortuna, Chadi Hage Chehade, Georges Gebrael, Micah Ostrowski, Nicolas Sayegh, Ethan Anderson, Salvador Jaime-Casas, Miguel Zugman, Vinay Mathew Thomas, Benjamin L. Maughan, Neeraj Agarwal, Sumanta K. Pal, Umang Swami
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance The treatment landscape of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has rapidly evolved with the approval of multiple immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations. However, clinical data on changes in treatment patterns and attrition before and after ICI-based combinations approval are lacking. Objective To assess treatment patterns and attrition rates in patients with metastatic ccRCC before and after the approval of ICI-based combinations. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used patient-level data from a nationwide deidentified electronic health record-derived database, originating from around 280 cancer clinics in the US. Patients diagnosed with metastatic ccRCC who received first-line therapy between January 1, 2011, and January 20, 2023, were included. Those treated for 2 or more malignant neoplasms or enrolled in clinical trials were excluded. Exposures Line of therapy initiation before and after April 16, 2018. Main Outcomes Measures Treatments received in each line of therapy and attrition rate were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Results Of 12 707 patients with metastatic ccRCC within the database, 8534 were eligible and included (median [IQR] age, 66 [59-74] years; 6032 male [70.7%]; 629 Black [8.1%], 697 Hispanic [9.0%], 5493 White [71.0%]). Before April 16, 2018, the most common first-line therapy was tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy (3595 of 4561 patients [78.8%]). Following the approval of ICI-based combinations in 2018, most patients (2392 of 3973 patients [60.2%]) received ICI-based combinations as first-line therapy for metastatic ccRCC. TKI monotherapy remained the most common second- and third-line therapy in patients treated before and after April 16, 2018. Before 2018, 2639 patients (57.9%) and 1458 patients (31.9%) received second-line and third-line therapies, respectively, compared with 1494 (37.6%) and 562 (14.1%) after 2018. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of 8534 patients with metastatic ccRCC, although ICI-based combinations are the preferred first-line therapy due to their proven superiority over TKI monotherapy, many patients were not receiving them; high attrition rates were observed in subsequent lines. These findings highlight the need to optimize treatment selection by implementing current guidelines in clinical practice.
IFN-γ-mediated suppression of Caspase 7 exacerbates acute lung injury induced by CAR-T cells
Authors: Rui Hou, Xiaoxue Zhang, Zejun Zhang, Wenyin He, Huan Li, Xu Wang, Xuan Zhao, Sijin Li, Zhangchun Guan, Ying Sun, Dan Liu, Junnian Zheng, Ming Shi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2025)
Genetically engineered macrophages reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and improve immunotherapeutic efficacy in TNBC
Authors: Ranran Jiang, Liechi Yang, Xin Liu, Yujun Xu, Lulu Han, Yuxin Chen, Ge Gao, Meng Wang, Tong Su, Huizhong Li, Lin Fang, Nan Sun, Hongwei Du, Junnian Zheng, Gang Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2025)
European Association of Urology Guidelines on Muscle-invasive and Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Summary of the 2025 Guidelines
Authors: Antoine G van der Heijden, Harman Max Bruins, Albert Carrion, Richard Cathomas, Eva Compérat, Konstantinos Dimitropoulos, Jason A Efstathiou, Rainer Fietkau, Mithun Kailavasan, Anja Lorch, Alberto Martini, Laura S Mertens, Richard P Meijer, Param Mariappan, Matthew I Milowsky, Yann Neuzillet, Valeria Panebianco, Sæbjørn Sæbjørnsen, Emma J Smith, George N Thalmann, Michael Rink
Journal: European Urology (2025)
Deep learning analysis of magnetic resonance imaging accurately detects early-stage perihilar cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Yashbir Singh, John E. Eaton, Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Christopher L. Welle, Byron Smith, Shahriar Faghani, Mette Vesterhus, Tom H. Karlsen, Kristin K. Jorgensen, Trine Folseraas, Kosta Petrovic, Anne Negard, Ida Bjoerk, Andreas Abildgaard, Aliya F. Gulamhusein, Kartik Jhaveri, Gregory J. Gores, Sumera I. Ilyas, Timucin Taner, Julie K. Heimbach, Ty S. Diwan, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis, Bradley J. Erickson
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Background and aims: Among those with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), perihilar CCA (pCCA) is often diagnosed at a late-stage and is a leading source of mortality. Detection of pCCA in PSC when curative action can be taken is challenging. Our aim was to create a deep learning model that analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect early-stage pCCA and compare its diagnostic performance with expert radiologists. Approach and results: We conducted a multicenter, international, retrospective cohort study involving adults with large duct PSC who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI. Senior abdominal radiologists reviewed the images. All patients with pCCA had early-stage cancer and were registered for liver transplantation. We trained a 3D DenseNet-121 model, a form of deep learning, using MRI images and assessed its performance in a separate test cohort. The study included 398 patients (training cohort n=150; test cohort n=248). pCCA was present in 230 individuals (training cohort n=64; test cohort n=166). In the test cohort, the respective performances of the model compared to the radiologists were: sensitivity 87.9% versus 50.0%, p &lt;0.001; specificity 84.1% versus 100.0%, p &lt;0.001; area under receiving operating curve 86.0% versus 75.0%, p &lt;0.001. Even when a mass was absent, the model had a higher sensitivity for pCCA than radiologists (91.6% vs. 50.6%, p &lt;0.001) and maintained good specificity (84.1%). Conclusion: The 3D DenseNet-121 MRI model effectively detects early-stage pCCA in PSC patients. Compared to expert radiologists, the model missed fewer cases of cancer.
Higher level of Hepatitis B Surface antigen associated with delayed development of hepatocellular carcinoma in immune-tolerant patients
Authors: Tai-Chung Tseng, Tetsuya Hosaka, Mei-Hung Pan, Chun-Jen Liu, Fumitaka Suzuki, Chien-Jen Chen, Tung-Hung Su, Hiromitsu Kumada, Wan-Ting Yang, Hung-Chih Yang, Chen-Hua Liu, Pei-Jer Chen, Hwai-I. Yang, Jia-Horng Kao
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Background: Active viral replication in patients with chronic HBV infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the HCC risk in highly viremic patients, such as immune-tolerant patients, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between viral factors and HCC risk in patients with chronic HBV infection, focusing on immune-tolerant patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 6,139 non-cirrhotic Taiwanese patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled, comprising 2,666 patients from ERADICATE-B study and 3,473 patients from REVEAL-HBV study. The primary endpoint was HCC development. The relationships between viral factors and HCC risk in HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients were analyzed separately. Results: Over a median 21.7-year follow-up, 547 patients developed HCC. The relationship between viral factors and HCC risk varied depending on HBeAg status. HCC risk increased with viral load and plateaued at ≥5 log 10 IU/mL in HBeAg-negative patients, while showing limited correlation in HBeAg-positive patients. Conversely, HBsAg levels were positively associated with HCC risk in HBeAg-negative patients but negatively associated in HBeAg-positive patients. Further investigation focusing on HBeAg-positive immune-tolerant patients showed that HBsAg levels ≥10,000 IU/mL (vs. &lt;10,000 IU/mL) were associated with delayed HCC development, which was validated both internally through various subgroup analyses and externally by an independent Japanese cohort. Conclusion: Predictive roles of HBV DNA and HBsAg levels in HCC development differ between HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive patients. Particularly, among immune-tolerant patients, HBsAg levels ≥10,000 IU/mL showed delayed development of HCC, suggesting HBsAg as a biomarker to define genuine immune-tolerant patients.
Recurrences after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection of 10-20mm non-pedunculated colorectal polyps: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Michiel Hendrik Joël Maas, Yark Hazewinkel, Jochim S. Terhaar sive Droste, R W.M. Schrauwen, Adriaan CITL Tan, Parweez Koehestanie, Mariëtte C.A. van Kouwen, Peter D. Siersema
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Background and study aims: Surveillance guidelines are equivocal on the necessity of early surveillance colonoscopy (ESC) after piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection (pEMR) of 10-20mm non-pedunculated colorectal polyps (NPCPs). This study aimed to assess recurrence rates and associated factors at ECS following pEMR of 10-20mm NPCPs. Patients and methods: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed at five hospitals in The Netherlands. Patients who underwent pEMR of NPCPs sized 10-20mm between 2014 and 2021 and were referred for ESC (range: 3-9 months) were included. The primary outcome was recurrence rate at ESC. Secondary outcomes included scar identification rates, both overall and of tattooed sites. A mixed-effects model was used to identify associated factors with recurrence. Results: A total of 389 patients with pEMR of 426 NPCPs sized 10-20mm (median: 15mm, interquartile range: 13-20mm) were included. Overall, 262/426(62%; 95% confidence interval (CI): [57-66]) scars were identified at ESC, increasing to 82% of tattooed sites. The overall recurrence rate was 35/426(8.2%; 95%CI [6.0-11.2]), and 35/262(13.4%; 95%CI [9.8-18.0]) when the scar was identified. Median recurrence size was 5mm, without high-grade dysplasia. No NPCP characteristics were associated with recurrence. Conclusions: This real-world study found a substantial recurrence rate at ESC following pEMR of 10-20mm NPCPs. ESC scar identification was moderate but improved with tattoo placement. Although early surveillance could be considered to avoid missing recurrences, the small recurrence size and absence of high-grade dysplasia suggest that modestly extending the interval beyond that of our study may still allow timely detection of recurrences and metachronous lesions.
Exposed embolization coils left in situ after embolization of a pseudoaneurysm inside walled-off pancreatic necrosis and subsequent successful direct endoscopic necrosectomy
Authors: Yoshihisa Fukuda, Takamitsu Sakamoto, Shintaro Ryu, Kazuyuki Akiyama, Yukako Yagi, Koji Nakamichi, Tomoaki Noritomi
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) has become a standard and effective therapeutic option for walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON); however, it can cause lethal bleeding from an intra-WON artery. Prophylactic coil embolization of the artery within the WON has been reported to prevent fatal bleeding during DEN [1] [2]. Nevertheless, there has been no consensus on how long after embolization DEN can be safely performed without the risk of bleeding, or whether embolization coils in the WON should be removed. Herein, we describe a rare case of successfully treated WON, with embolization coils that remained in the WON space for 5 years post-DEN ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided vascular intervention for isolated gastric varices using the hydrocoil of an electrically detachable system
Authors: Kazunori Nagashima, Yasunori Inaba, Ken Kashima, Yasuhito Kunogi, Fumi Sakuma, Akira Yamamiya, Atsushi Irisawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

In recent years, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided vascular intervention has been applied to the treatment of isolated gastric varices (iGV) [1]. We perform EUS-guided coil deployment with sclerotherapy, for which ethanolamine oleate is injected as a sclerosant after deploying a 0.035-inch hydrocoil [2] [3]. The hydrocoil has an electrically detachable system that allows it to be pulled back during coil deployment. This report describes the first video case demonstrating the usefulness of the coil's pull-back function during treatment of EUS-guided vascular intervention for iGV.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy without tract dilation using a novel ultra-tapered slim-delivery metallic stent
Authors: Ritsuko Oishi, Haruo Miwa, Kazuki Endo, Hiromi Tsuchiya, Yuichi Suzuki, Kazushi Numata, Shin Maeda
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) has a high technical success rate; however, severe adverse events such as biliary peritonitis and stent migration may occur [1]. To reduce these risks, self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement without tract dilation has been reported [2] [3]. However, the fully-covered and small-diameter design of the SEMS carries a risk of migration [4].
Microcatheter-assisted guidewire manipulation via peroral pancreatoscopy for recanalization of pancreaticojejunostomy obstruction
Authors: Michihiro Yoshida, Yasuki Hori, Akihisa Kato, Hidenori Sahashi, Tadashi Toyohara, Yusuke Kito, Hiromi Kataoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Pancreatojejunostomy stricture is one of the complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy [1]. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic duct drainage (EUS-PD) has emerged as an alternative to enteroscopy-guided treatment. We present a case demonstrating the successful coordinated manipulation of a 3-Fr microcatheter and pancreatoscopy for recanalization of a complete pancreaticojejunostomy obstruction.
Intraoperative collaboration between surgeons and endoscopists who performed previous endoscopic ultrasound in laparoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic tumor enucleation
Authors: Kosuke Maehara, Satoshi Okubo, Kazuki Hirano, Daisuke Hattori, Yoshiki Sato, Rikako Koyama, Tsunao Imamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Recent advancements in imaging technology and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) have led to increased detection of small pancreatic tumors, enhancing the opportunities for surgical resection.
Endoscopic Sustainability PrimAry Reporting Essentials (E-SPARE): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement
Authors: João A. Cunha Neves, Robin Baddeley, Enrique Rodriguez de Santiago, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Heiko Pohl, Mathieu Pioche, Vicente Lorenzo-Zúñiga, Eduardo Albéniz Arbizu, Andrei Mihai Voiosu, Christoph Römmele, Leigh Donnelly, Luca Elli, Pedro Lopez-Muñoz, Dorothea Henniger, Kareem Khalaf, Marco J. Bruno, Marianna Arvanitakis, Raf Bisschops, Cesare Hassan, Helmut Messmann, Ian Mark Gralnek, Peter D. Siersema, Siwan Thomas-Gibson, Bu'Hussain Hayee
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Abstract A growing number of studies aim to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy services from the perspective of their environmental impact. However, there are currently no guidelines or frameworks which provide specifically for the reporting of endoscopy sustainability studies, and a variety of metrics and assessment tools have been employed in the literature. To improve the clarity, transparency, and quality of reporting, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has developed a reporting framework for the community of researchers interested in conducting studies on sustainable GI endoscopy.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Skin of Color Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Jasmine H Wong, Daniel S Alicea, Shaun Wu, Yasmine Oprea, Sharen Rivas, Richard Rookwood, Donald Lei, Katia Papalezova, Hatice B Zengin, Bijal Amin, Beth N McLellan
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Effects of a nationwide teledermatology program on access to care for skin cancer and premalignant lesions in public and private healthcare. A retrospective case-control analysis of data from eight Spanish hospitals
Authors: Tomás Toledo-Pastrana, David Mora, Francisco Martin-Gutierrez, Clara Fernández Valdés-Martín, Araceli Corrales-Rodriguez, Bernadette Pfang, Marco Antonio Villegas García, Inmaculada Alcaraz-Leon, Javier Vicente, Jorge Short Apellániz, Angel Blanco Rubio, Antonio Herrero, Marta Del Olmo, Juan Antonio Álvaro de la Parra
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Preparation of thermoresponsive core-corona particles for controlled phagocytosis via surface properties and particle shape transformation
Authors: Syuuhei Komatsu, Takuma Suzuki, Yota Kosukegawa, Masatoshi Kawase, Takuya Matsuyama, Taka-Aki Asoh, Akihiko Kikuchi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)

Cell-particle interactions, such as phagocytosis, exhibit variability based on particle shape, surface physical properties, and diameter. These interactions can be intentionally modified through in situ change in the physical characteristics of the particulate materials. By manipulating both the surface properties and shape of the particles, it may be feasible to regulate their interactions with cells. Objective of this research is to prepare thermoresponsive core-corona particles those undergo transformation and alteration in surface solubility near physiological temperature and to investigate particle shape- and surface physical property-dependent phagocytosis. The glass transition temperature of the prepared particles was controlled via the composition of the polymer core. Rod-type particles, prepared by uniaxially stretching particle-containing films at above the glass transition temperature of the core-forming materials, demonstrated reduced phagocytosis by macrophages compared to that of spherical particles. Furthermore, the physical properties of the particle surface exerted a significant influence on phagocytosis, with hydrophobic particles being more readily engulfed. Consequently, precise control of phagocytosis can be controlled by manipulating the particle's shape and surface properties. The prepared particles have potential applications as drug delivery system carriers, enabling the regulation of cell interactions via particle shape and surface physical properties induced by temperature changes.
Correcting a patient-specific Rhodopsin mutation with adenine base editor in a mouse model
Authors: Xiaoxue He, Tong Yan, Zongming Song, Lue Xiang, Jiayang Xiang, Yeqin Yang, Kaiqun Ren, Jicheng Bu, Xilin Xu, Zhuo Li, Xiaowei Guo, Bin Lin, Qinghua Zhou, Ge Lin, Feng Gu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2025)
Astrocytic BEST1 can serve as a target for functional recovery after ischemic stroke
Authors: Shuai Xiong, Meng Sun, Ying Zhang, Pei-Ran Kong, Lu Gan, Ling Gao, Ke Xu, Hai-Yin Wu, Dong-Ya Zhu, Yu-Hui Lin, Rui Li, Chun-Xia Luo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2025)
Clonal hematopoiesis is clonally unrelated to multiple myeloma and is associated with specific microenvironmental changes
Authors: Marta Lionetti, Margherita Scopetti, Antonio Matera, Akihiro Maeda, Alessio Marella, Francesca Lazzaroni, Giancarlo Castellano, Sonia Fabris, Stefania Pioggia, Silvia Lonati, Alfredo Marchetti, Alessandra Cattaneo, Marta Tornese, Antonino Neri, Claudia Leoni, Loredana Pettine, Valentina Traini, Ilaria Silvestris, Marzia Barbieri, Giuseppina Fabbiano, Domenica Ronchetti, Elisa Taiana, Claudio De Magistris, Matteo Claudio Da Via', Francesco Passamonti, Niccolò Bolli
Journal: Blood (2025)

Multiple myeloma (MM) initiation is dictated by genomic events. However, its progression from asymptomatic stages to an aggressive disease that ultimately fails to respond to treatments is also dependent on changes of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a prevalent clonal condition of the hematopoietic stem cell whose presence is causally linked to a more inflamed microenvironment. Here, we show in 106 patients with MM that CHIP is frequently co-existing with MM at diagnosis, associates with a more advanced R-ISS stage, higher age and shows a non-significant trend towards lower median hemoglobin. In our cohort the two conditions do not share a clonal origin. Single cell RNA-sequencing in 16 MM patients highlights significant TME changes when CHIP is present: decreased naïve T cells, a pro-inflammatory TME, decreased antigen-presenting function by dendritic cells and expression of exhaustion markers in CD8 cells. Inferred interactions between cell types in CHIP-positive TME suggested that especially monocytes, T cells and clonal plasma cells may have a prominent role in mediating inflammation, immune evasion and pro-survival signals in favor of MM cells. Altogether, our data show that, in the presence of CHIP, the TME of MM at diagnosis is significantly disrupted in line with what usually seen in more advanced disease, with potential translational implications. Our data highlight the relevance of this association and prompt for further studies on the modifier role of CHIP in the MM TME.
Is a human H5N1 pandemic inevitable?
Authors: Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Anne L Wyllie, Pikka Jokelainen, Nitin Gupta, Aleksandra Barac, José Ramón Paño-Pardo, Marta Mora-Rillo, Martin P Grobusch, Charles B Holmes, Marion Koopmans, Francois-Xavier Lescure
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)