tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 231: Cloning, Expression, Charecterization and Redox Regulation of Human DDAH-1: Implications in NO Regulation
Authors: Scott P Forbes, Lawrence Druhan, Arthur Pope, Arturo Cardounel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Altered NO biosynthesis is known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction. It is hypothesized that reduced NO bioavailability may result from an increase in endogenous NOS inhibitors, ADMA and NMMA, which are normally metabolized by dimethyarginine dimethylamine hydrolase (DDAH). DDAH hydrolyzes side-chain methylated L-arg and thus regulates the activity of NOS. To date, the few studies published on DDAH have been carried out using enzyme purified from pseudomonas or rat kidney homogenates. Herein we report the cloning, expression and kinetic properties of hDDAH-1 and its regulation by redox environment. Human DDAH-1 was cloned into an e. coli expression vector and recombinant hDDAH-1 purifed to &gt; 95% purity. Kinetic studies from the enzyme demonstrated Km values of 18.2 and 27.1 μM and Vmax values of 303 and 182 nmols/mg/min for ADMA and L-NMMA, respectively. Oxidant exposure studies were performed to determine the effects of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species on DDAH activity. Results demonstrated that low level oxidant exposure had little effect on enzyme activity and that concentrations approaching 1 mM were needed to confer significant enzyme inhibition. However, exposure of hDDAH-1 to lipid oxidation products, such as 4-HNE, dose dependently inhibited DDAH activity with 15% inhibition observed at 10 μM, 50% inhibition at 50 μM and near complete inhibition at 100 μM. These levels represent pathophysiological concentrations of this lipid peroxidation product and suggest that DDAH activity can be impaired under conditions of increased oxidative stress. Proteomic analysis revealed that exposure of hDDAH-1 to 4-HNE results in Schiff base adduct formation of critical amino acid residues located within the enzyme active site. Thus, 4-HNE directly modifies hDDAH-1 with subsequent loss of enzyme activity. To determine whether this loss of DDAH activity results in NOS impairment, studies were performed using cultured endothelial cells. Results demonstrated that exposure of cells to 4-HNE (50 μM) inhibited eNOS derived NO production by 45% and reduced cellular DDAH activity by 41%. These results demonstrate a critical role for DDAH in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction under conditions of oxidative stress.
Brucella suis infection associated with feral swine hunting - Three States, 2007-2008.
Authors: D. Giurgiutiu, C. Banis, E. Hunt, J. Mincer, C. Nicolardi, A. Weltman, D. Stanek, S. Matthews, C. Siegenthaler, C. Blackmore, R. Tiller, B. De, K. Stauffer
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2009)
Abstract 1353: DNA vaccination Against IL-17 Attenuates Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor Deficient Mice
Authors: Thomas van Es, Arnaud D Hauer, Gijs H van Puijvelde, Eva J van Wanrooij, Paula de Vos, Niels Peterse, Theo J van Berkel, Johan Kuiper
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 5146: Statin Therapy Alters the Relationship Between Apolipoprotein B and Both LDL-C and Non-HDL-C in High-Risk Patients: Effect of Race and Ethnic Background
Authors: Christie M Ballantyne, Stephen J Nicholls, Philip J Barter, Valerie A Cain, Joel S Raichlen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Racial and ethnic subgroups are frequently under-represented in clinical trials of statin therapy. Apolipoprotein (Apo) B provides a measure of atherogenic particles in blood, a predictor for coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Reducing LDL-C to current goals may still leave an excess of atherogenic lipoproteins. A study of predominantly Caucasian high-risk patients suggested that statin therapy may alter the relationship between Apo B and commonly measured lipoproteins. Therapeutic responses in non-Caucasians have not been well studied. This study sought to examine the effect of racial and ethnic backgrounds on these relationships. A pooled analysis of data obtained in the rosuvastatin clinical development program was used to identify 12,269 high CHD risk patients of varying race/ethnic descent (Caucasian, African, Asian, and Hispanic Latino). The relationships between Apo B and both LDL-C and non-HDL-C were compared at baseline and after therapy with rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, or simvastatin. At baseline, an Apo B of 90 mg/dL corresponded to an LDL-C of 114.4 mg/dL for blacks and ~109 mg/dL for Asians and Hispanics (Table ). On statin therapy, to reach an Apo B of 90 mg/dL, blacks required an LDL-C of 87.2 mg/dL, while Hispanics required an LDL-C of 78.3 mg/dL. The baseline non-HDL-C that corresponded to an Apo B of 90 mg/dL was highest for Caucasians and lowest for Asians, with almost no differences observed among the ethnic groups on statin therapy. To achieve the Apo B target of 90 mg/dL, statin therapy required 20 –30 mg/dL lower targets for both LDL-C and non-HDL-C. The strong correlation between Apo B and non-HDL-C on statin therapy (R 2 =0.88 to 0.92) suggests that non-HDL-C may be a useful surrogate for Apo B in all high-risk patients. For all race/ethnic groups, in order to achieve an Apo B target of 90 mg/dL with statin therapy, LDL-C and non-HDL-C targets need to be closer to those currently recommended for very high CHD risk.
Impact of psychiatric hospitalization on behavioral complications of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: G S Zubenko, J Rosen, R A Sweet, B H Mulsant, A H Rifai
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors conducted a prospective study of the clinical utility of the four DSM-III-R subtypes of primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer type (with delirium, with delusions, with depression, or uncomplicated) and acute psychiatric hospitalization for treatment of these subtypes.The subjects were 120 consecutive inpatients with Alzheimer's disease, most of whom had behavioral abnormalities. Each subject received detailed physical, neurological, psychiatric, and mental status examinations. The presence or absence of specific behavioral problems was also documented. Patients were treated with medication, psychotherapy, and behavioral techniques.While all patients could be assigned to one of the four DSM-III-R behavioral subtypes, the uncomplicated subtype did not accurately reflect the burden of behavioral symptoms in the patients who did not have delirium, delusions, or depression. Each behavioral subtype responded in a characteristic way to inpatient treatment, as reflected by changes in scores on four psychometric scales used to assess cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms severity, and level of functioning at admission and at discharge, as well as by changes in residential setting following hospitalization. Half of all patients admitted from their homes and two-thirds of those with depression were able to go home following discharge.Behavioral syndromes in Alzheimer's disease should not be overlooked, because they have both clinical and prognostic significance. Short-term psychiatric hospitalization is effective and efficient for achieving the goal of returning patients to their homes and for safely implementing specific treatments in this frail population, and it may reduce the need for institutionalization.
Effect of Intensive Statin Therapy on Coronary High-Intensity Plaques Detected by Noncontrast T1-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Teruo Noguchi, Atsushi Tanaka, Tomohiro Kawasaki, Yoichi Goto, Yoshiaki Morita, Yasuhide Asaumi, Kazuhiro Nakao, Reiko Fujiwara, Kunihiro Nishimura, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Masaharu Ishihara, Hisao Ogawa, Nobuhiko Koga, Jagat Narula, Satoshi Yasuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Eculizumab (ECU) Inhibits Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA) and Improves Renal Function In Adult Patients (Pts) With Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS)
Authors: Fadi Fakhouri, Maryvonne Hourmant, Spero R. Cataland, Mario Espinosa, A. Osama Gaber, Jan Menne, Enrico Minetti, Francois Provot, Eric Rondeau, Piero Ruggenenti, Laurent Weekers, Masayo Ogawa, Camille L. Bedrosian, Christophe Legendre
Journal: Blood (2013)
Long-term surveillance and treatment outcomes of metachronous gastric cancer occurring after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Seiichiro Abe, Ichiro Oda, Haruhisa Suzuki, Satoru Nonaka, Shigetaka Yoshinaga, Takeshi Nakajima, Masau Sekiguchi, Genki Mori, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Shigeki Sekine, Hitoshi Katai, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>As more early gastric cancer (EGC) patients are being treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), it is important to understand the outcomes of patients who develop metachronous gastric cancer (MGC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term surveillance and treatment outcomes of MGC after curative gastric ESD. <b>Patients and methods: </b>The study included 1526 consecutive patients who underwent curative ESD resection of EGC. They were generally followed by annual or biannual esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The risk factors and treatment outcomes for MGC were assessed along with the 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year cumulative incidence functions of MGC and disease-specific survival (DSS). <b>Results: </b>During a median follow-up period of 82.2 months, 238 patients developed MGC post-ESD resection of EGC. The 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year cumulative incidence functions of MGC were 9.5 %, 13.1 % and 22.7 %, respectively. Male sex and multiple initial EGCs were independent risk factors for MGC in the Cox proportional hazard model. Of the 238 patients with MGC, 215 were treated with endoscopic resection, of which 183 achieved curative resection, although one patient later died of his initial EGC. A further 14 patients were treated surgically, three had metastatic disease and received palliative chemotherapy, and the remaining six were observed without any intervention. A total of seven patients died of MGC, five at least 5 years after their index ESD. The 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year DSSs were 99.2 %, 98.6 %, and 92.5 %, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> The incidence of MGC increases with time after curative gastric ESD, therefore surveillance endoscopy should be continued indefinitely.
Abstract 15555: Increased Atherosclerosis Risk in Adult Post-Coarctectomy Patients
Authors: Paul Luijendijk, Eric E de Groot, Johan Gort, Joris W Vriend, Hubert W Vliegen, Berto J Bouma, Barbara J Mulder
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Despite successful surgery, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are increased in adult post-coarctectomy patients (CoA). Although the cause for this increased risk is thought to be mult...
The Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Herbert Lepor
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Critics of screening have stated that early detection of prostate cancer does not necessarily reflect a diminishing death rate from the disease. However, several recent reports have demonstrated that the death rate from prostate cancer is decreasing, representing the most compelling validation for aggressive screening. Prostate cancer can be halted only if there is no evidence of systemic or regional metastases and the disease is confined to the surgical field or the radiation template. Surgeons and radiation oncologists must make a concerted effort to exclude men with regional and systemic metastases who are unlikely to benefit from treatment. With the widespread acceptance of prostate-specific antigen screening, a greater proportion of men are being diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. Both radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are able to halt disease spread in this significant subset of men, but survival outcomes indicate that radical prostatectomy is a more reliable treatment than radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Overall, the immediate treatment-related morbidity of radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy in the modern era is quite low. Radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy appear to have a similar impact on continence and erectile function. There is a need for neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies that can be utilized in those cases where radical prostatectomy and radiation are less likely to completely eradicate or destroy the cancer.
Lithium encephalopathy: a clinical, psychiatric, and EEG evaluation
Authors: J Fetzer, G Kader, S Danahy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The authors present three cases in which lithium, in combination with a neuroleptic, is implicated in inducing an organic brain syndrome. Subsequent withdrawal of lithium reversed the clinical and EEG picture in the two patients seen in follow-up.
Abstract 13042: Mild Hypothermia Through Liquid Ventilation Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Activity and Maintains Reverse Electron Transport Following Myocardial Ischemia.
Authors: Renaud Tissier, Mourad Chenoune, Roland Zini, Sandrine Pons, Fanny Lidouren, Lys Darbera, Bijan Ghaleh, Alain Berdeaux, Didier Morin
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Decreasing body temperature to 32°C by liquid ventilation with perfluorocarbons is highly potent at protecting against myocardial infarction in animal models. It is well tolerated hemodynamically and offers possible translation in the resuscitation setting. Perfluorocarbons can indeed use the lung as heat exchangers while maintaining gas exchanges. Although severe hypothermia (<20°C) is known to preserve cardiac ATP content, such a mechanism can not entirely explain the benefit of mild hypothermia (32°C) with liquid ventilation. Accordingly, we investigated whether this could also involve the protection of mitochondria by preserving the mitochondrial respiratory chain. For this purpose, anesthetized rabbits were submitted to 30-min of coronary artery occlusion (CAO) under normothermic conditions (Control group) or with mild hypothermia at 32°C induced by liquid ventilation (MH group). At the end of CAO, mitochondria were isolated from ischemic myocardial areas. In MH, the respiratory control ratio was inc...
Abstract 12536: A Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Signaling in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Yasunori Shintani, Amar Kapoor, Hannes Drexler, Cesare Terracciano, Ryszard Smolenski, Masahiro Kaneko, Narumi Harada, Steven Coppen, Takuya Narita, Niall Campbell, Chiho Ikebe, Chris Thiemermann, Kenta Yashiro, Ken Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background- An emerging concept in the field of innate immunity is the “danger model”, in which antigen-presenting cells are activated by molecules, including DNA, released from injured self cells....
Abstract 9995: Glucagon-Like-Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and Diminishes Inflammation in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs)
Authors: Nadia M Krasner, Yasuo Ido, Neil B Ruderman, Jose M Cacicedo
Journal: Circulation (2011)

GLP-1 therapy is primarily prescribed for patients with type 2 diabetes because of its effects on insulin and glucagon secretion resulting in improved glucose control. Recent epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that it may also have cardio- and cerebrovascular benefits; however, the mechanisms responsible for these benefits are not known. AMPK has been implicated as a target for the prevention of cardiovascular disease by virtue of its involvement in lipid metabolism as well as its ability to suppress inflammation and other atherogenic factors. In the present study we examined whether GLP-1 activates AMPK in HAECs and if so, whether it also downregulates inflammatory and atherogenic factors. Initial RT-PCR studies revealed that HAECs express the primary enzyme responsible for GLP-1 degradation, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and several targets of the GLP-1R signaling cascade. Thus, these cells possess the machinery necessary to transduce GLP-1 signals. Dose and time course experiments revealed that the concurrent addition of GLP-1 at a concentration of 0.3nM, led to the transient activation by phosphorylation of AMPK and its substrate ACC, which peaked at 15 minutes, returned to baseline by 30 minutes and cyclically rose again by 50 minutes. Incubation of HAECs for 24h in a hyperglycemic media (25mM) led to augmented gene levels of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin, molecules known to be increased during the course of atherogenesis. GLP-1 addition markedly downregulated both the control level and glucose-stimulated increase in VCAM-1 and E-selectin expression observed at 24h. Repetition of this trial using TNFα treatment to induce inflammation showed similar downregulation of VCAM-1/E-selectin expression attributable to GLP-1 addition. Further studies are needed to determine whether the sustained effect of GLP1 is attributable to AMPK, and if so, whether it works by acute effects on metabolism and/or the regulation transcriptional activators and co-activators.
Abstract 5626: Incidence of Thromboembolic Stroke and of Major Bleeding in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Treated With and Without Warfarin
Authors: Wilbert S Aronow, Hoang M Lai, Phoenix Kalen, Sreedhar Adapa, Kaushal Patel, Arvind Goel, Ravi Vinnakota, Savneek Chugh, Renee Garrick
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The incidence of thromboembolic (TE) stroke and of major bleeding in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) have not been investigated in controlled clinical trials. Purpose: To investigate the incidence of TE stroke and of major bleeding in patients with CKD and AF treated with and without warfarin. Methods: We investigated the incidence of TE stroke and of major bleeding in 399 unselected patients with chronic CKD and AF treated with warfarin to maintain an International Normalized Ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 (n = 232) and without warfarin (n = 167). Of the 399 patients, 93 (23%) were receiving hemodialysis, and 132 (33%) had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Results: New TE stroke occurred in 21 of 232 patients (9%) treated with warfarin at 31-month follow-up and in 43 of 167 patients (26%) treated without warfarin at 23-month follow-up (p&lt;0.001). Of the 21 TE strokes on warfarin, 9 (43%) occurred when the International Normalized Ratio was &lt;2.0. Stepwise Cox regression analysis using 19 variables showed that significant independent variables for predicting TE stroke were prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.2–6.7) and use of warfarin (odds ratio = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.16–0.50). In hemodialysis patients, new TE stroke occurred in 5 of 51 patients (10%) treated with warfarin and in 16 of 42 patients (38%) not treated with warfarin (p&lt;0.005). In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;15 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , new TE stroke occurred in 8 of 78 patients (10%) treated with warfarin and in 20 of 54 patients (37%) not treated with warfarin (p&lt;0.001). Major bleeding occurred in 32 of 232 patients (14%) treated with warfarin and in 15 of 167 patients (9%) not treated with warfarin (p not significant). Conclusions: CKD patients with AF treated with warfarin to maintain an International Normalized Ratio between 2.0 and 3.0 had a significant reduction in TE stroke and an insignificant increase in major bleeding.
67Ga SPECT/CT in Diagnosis and Follow-up of Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
Authors: Sin-Di Lee, Yu-Li Chiu, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

We report a case of 63-year-old man who had urinary tract infection with septic shock, Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia, and bacteriuria. (67)Ga SPECT/CT showed hot uptake in prostate gland, and acute bacterial prostatitis was diagnosed. After antibiotic treatment, follow-up (67)Ga SPECT/CT revealed much less uptake in the prostate gland, suggesting remission of prostatitis.
Abstract 2654: Persistent Diastolic Dysfunction Late After Valve Replacement In Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Samuel Sossalla, Bruno Villari, Quirino Ciampi, Bruno Petruzziello, Juraj Turina, Marko Turina, Otto M Hess
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with normalization of diastolic function has been reported in patients with aortic stenosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of aortic valve replacement (AVR) on LV systolic and diastolic function an LV structure in chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) early and late after AVR. Methods: 25 patients were included in the present analysis. Ten patients with severe AR were studied before, early (21 months) and late (89 months) after AVR using LV biplane angiograms, high-fidelity pressure measurements, and endomyocardial biopsies. Fifteen healthy subjects were used as controls. LV systolic function was determined from biplane ejection fraction (EF) and midwall fractional shortening, LV diastolic function from the time constant of LV relaxation, peak filling rates, and myocardial stiffness constant. LV structure was assessed from muscle fiber diameter, interstitial fibrosis and volume fraction of myofibrils. Results : LV muscle mass was significantly increased preoperatively but decreased by 38% early and 55% late after surgery, but remained (ns) elevated compared to controls. LV EF and midwall fractional shortening did not change after AVR. LV relaxation was significantly prolonged before (89±28 ms vs. controls 47±11 ms, p&lt;0.001) and early (67±19 ms) but normal late after AVR (42±14 ms). Early and late peak filling rates were increased preoperatively and were normalized early after surgery. Myocardial stiffness constant was increased in AR patients before surgery (22±6 vs. controls 9±3, p&lt;0.001) but decreased significantly after AVR. However, it remained increased at late follow-up (15±4, p&lt;0.05). Muscle fiber diameter decreased significantly early and late after AVR, but remained hypertrophied at late follow-up. Interstitial fibrosis was increased preoperatively and increased even further early but decreased only late after AVR. Conclusions : Patients with AR show normalization of macroscopic LV hypertrophy late after AVR, altough fiber hypertrophy persists. These changes in LV myocardial structure late after AVR are accompanied by a change in passive elastic properties with persistent diastolic dysfunction due to the increased interstitial fibrosis.