tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety and immunogenicity of shorter interval schedules of the novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 in infants: a phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority study in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Luis Rivera Mejía, Lourdes Peña Méndez, Ananda Sankar Bandyopadhyay, Chris Gast, Sonia Mazara, Katy Rodriguez, Nadia Rosario, Yiting Zhang, Bernardo A Mainou, Jose Jimeno, Gabriela Aguirre, Ricardo Rüttimann
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2023)

The novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 (nOPV2) is now authorised by a WHO emergency use listing and widely distributed to interrupt outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2. As protection of vulnerable populations, particularly young infants, could be facilitated by shorter intervals between the two recommended doses, we aimed to assess safety and non-inferiority of immunogenicity of nOPV2 in 1-week, 2-week, and 4-week schedules.
When I use a word . . . Medicines regulation—pharmacological offences against the person
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2023)

In 1861 the UK parliament enacted several laws under the general title The Criminal Law Consolidation Acts. One of these, the 1861 Offences Against the Person Act, covered a range of offences, including: <i>assaults</i>; <i>rape, abduction, and defilement of women</i>; <i>child-stealing</i>; <i>bigamy</i>; and <i>attempts to procure abortion.</i> In three sections the law covered the use of “chloroform, laudanum, or other stupefying or overpowering drug, matter, or thing, with intent in any of such cases thereby to enable himself or any other person to commit, or with intent in any of such cases thereby to assist any other person in committing, any indictable offence ....” These offences constituted either felonies or misdemeanours, with corresponding penalties. In one other section the act covered the use of “any poison or other noxious thing, or any instrument or thing whatsoever, knowing that the same is intended to be unlawfully used or employed with intent to procure the miscarriage of any woman, whether she be or be not with child.” The second of these provisions was later superseded by the 1973 Abortion Act, although not in Northern Ireland, but the first is still covered by the 1861 act.
Revision of Alzheimer’s diagnostic criteria or relocation of the Potemkin village
Authors: Poul F. Høilund-Carlsen, Abass Alavi, Jorge R. Barrio, Rudolph J. Castellani, Tommaso Costa, Karl Herrup, Kasper P. Kepp, Rachael L. Neve, George Perry, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Nikolaos K. Robakis, Stefano L. Sensi, Bryce Vissel
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2023)

The recently announced revision of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostic ATN classification adds to an already existing disregard for clinical assessment the rejection of image-based in vivo assessment of the brain's condition. The revision suggests that the diagnosis of AD should be based solely on the presence of cerebral amyloid-beta and tau, indicated by the "A" and "T". The "N", which stands for neurodegeneration - detected by imaging - should no longer be given importance, except that A+ ± T + = AD with amyloid PET being the main method for demonstrating A+ . We believe this is an artificial and misleading suggestion. It is artificial because it relies on biomarkers whose significance remains obscure and where the detection of "A" is based on a never-validated PET method using a tracer that marks much more than amyloid-beta. It is misleading because many patients without dementia will be falsely classified as having AD, but nonetheless candidates for passive immunotherapy, which may be more harmful than beneficial, and sometimes fatal.
Declining prevalence of child marriage: reconfiguration and refinement
Authors: Chander Shekhar
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2023)

Child marriage is one of the immediate concerns for protecting human rights, primarily in low-income and middle-income countries. The practice of child marriage, especially among girls, substantially affects their later life trajectories.1 In 2016, sensing the gravity of the issue, the UN Population Fund and UNICEF started a noble initiative to reduce child marriage in 12 countries worldwide, including India.2 Global estimates suggest that one in every five women (aged 20–24 years) is married by the age of 18 years.
The association between phylogenetic lineage and the subclinical phenotype of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective 2-cohort study
Authors: Richard Long, Matthew Croxen, Robyn Lee, Alexander Doroshenko, Angela Lau, Leyla Asadi, Courtney Heffernan, Catherine Paulsen, Mary Lou Egedahl, Colin Lloyd, Vincent Li, Gregory Tyrrell
Journal: Journal of Infection (2023)
Injectable, Antibacterial, and Hemostatic Tissue Sealant Hydrogels (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 31/2023)
Authors: Reihaneh Haghniaz, Hossein Montazerian, Atiya Rabbani, Avijit Baidya, Brent Usui, Yangzhi Zhu, Maryam Tavafoghi, Fazli Wahid, Han‐Jun Kim, Amir Sheikhi, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2023)
Plasma proteome profiling reveals metabolic and immunologic differences between Anorexia Nervosa subtypes
Authors: Diana Samodova, August Hoel, Tue Haldor Hansen, Loa Clausen, Gry Kjaersdam Telléus, Hans-Peter Marti, Oluf Pedersen, Rene Klinkby Støving, Atul Shahaji Deshmukh
Journal: Metabolism (2023)

Aims/hypothesisAnorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder of an unknown etiology with a crude mortality rate of about 5 % per decade, making it one of the deadliest of all psychiatric illnesses. AN is broadly classified into two main subtypes, restricting and binge/purging disorder. Despite extensive research efforts during several decades, the underlying pathophysiology of AN remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify novel protein biomarkers for AN by performing a proteomics analysis of fasting plasma samples from 78 females with AN (57 restrictive and 21 binge/purge type) and 70 healthy controls.MethodsUsing state-of-the-art mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology in conjunction with an advanced bioinformatics pipeline, we quantify >500 plasma proteins.ResultsDifferential expression analysis and correlation of proteomics data with clinical variables led to identification of a panel of novel protein biomarkers with potential pathophysiological significance for AN. Our findings demonstrate evidence of a humoral immune system response, altered lipid metabolism and potential alteration of plasma cells in AN patients. Additionally, we stratified AN patients based on the quantified proteins and suggest a potential autoimmune nature in the restrictive subtype of AN.Conclusions/interpretationIn summary, on top of biomarkers of AN subtypes, this study provides a comprehensive map of plasma proteins that constitute a resource for further studies of the pathophysiology of AN.
Specific gut pathobionts escape antibody coating and are enriched during flares in patients with severe Crohn’s disease
Authors: Carsten Eriksen, Niels Banhos Danneskiold-Samsøe, Janne Marie Moll, Pernille Neve Myers, Pi W Bondegaard, Simone Vejrum, Tine Brodka Hansen, Lisbeth Buus Rosholm, Philipp Rausch, Kristine Højgaard Allin, Tine Jess, Karsten Kristiansen, John Penders, Daisy Jonkers, Susanne Brix
Journal: Gut (2023)

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) exhibit great heterogeneity in disease presentation and treatment responses, where distinct gut bacteria and immune interactions may play part in the yet unresolved disease aetiology. Given the role of antibodies in the barrier defence against microbes, we hypothesised that gut bacterial antibody-coating patterns may influence underlying disease-mediated processes.
An umbrella review of effectiveness and efficacy trials for app-based health interventions
Authors: Sherry On Ki Chong, Sara Pedron, Nancy Abdelmalak, Michael Laxy, Anna-Janina Stephan
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2023)

Health interventions based on mobile phone or tablet applications (apps) are promising tools to help patients manage their conditions more effectively. Evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on efficacy and effectiveness of such interventions is increasingly available. This umbrella review aimed at mapping and narratively summarizing published systematic reviews on efficacy and effectiveness of mobile app-based health interventions within patient populations. We followed a pre-specified publicly available protocol. Systematic reviews were searched in two databases from inception until August 28, 2023. Reviews that included RCTs evaluating integrated or stand-alone health app interventions in patient populations with regard to efficacy/effectiveness were considered eligible. Information on indications, outcomes, app characteristics, efficacy/effectiveness results and authors' conclusions was extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We identified 48 systematic reviews published between 2013 and 2023 (35 with meta-analyses) that met our inclusion criteria. Eleven reviews included a broad spectrum of conditions, thirteen focused on diabetes, five on anxiety and/or depression, and others on various other indications. Reported outcomes ranged from medication adherence to laboratory, anthropometric and functional parameters, symptom scores and quality of life. Fourty-one reviews concluded that health apps may be effective in improving health outcomes. We rated one review as moderate quality. Here we report that the synthesized evidence on health app effectiveness varies largely between indications. Future RCTs should consider reporting behavioral (process) outcomes and measures of healthcare resource utilization to provide deeper insights on mechanisms that make health apps effective, and further elucidate their impact on healthcare systems.
Hypersensitivity reactions to human albumin—A case series and diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Millie Nguyen Basu, Birgitte Bech Melchiors, Charlotte G. Mortz, Lene H. Garvey
Journal: Allergy (2023)

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Sulfation of chondroitin and bile acids converges to antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inhibit APC deficiency-induced gut tumorigenesis
Authors: Pengfei Xu, Yue Xi, Jong-Won Kim, Junjie Zhu, Min Zhang, Meishu Xu, Songrong Ren, Da Yang, Xiaochao Ma, Wen Xie
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Sulfation is a crucial and prevalent conjugation reaction involved in cellular processes and mammalian physiology. 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthase 2 (PAPSS2) is the primary enzyme to generate the universal sulfonate donor PAPS. The involvement of PAPSS2-mediated sulfation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation-promoted colonic carcinogenesis has not been reported. Here, we showed that the expression of PAPSS2 was decreased in human colon tumors along with cancer stages, and the lower expression of PAPSS2 was correlated with poor prognosis in advanced colon cancer. Gut epithelial-specific heterozygous Apc deficient and Papss2-knockout (ApcΔgut-HetPapss2Δgut) mice were created, and the phenotypes were compared to the spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis of ApcΔgut-Het mice. ApcΔgut-HetPapss2Δgut mice were more sensitive to gut tumorigenesis, which was mechanistically accounted for by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway due to the suppression of chondroitin sulfation and inhibition of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3) gene regulatory axis. Chondroitin sulfate supplementation in ApcΔgut-HetPapss2Δgut mice alleviated intestinal tumorigenesis. In summary, we have uncovered the protective role of PAPSS2-mediated chondroitin sulfation and bile acids–FXR–TLE3 activation in the prevention of gut carcinogenesis via the antagonization of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Chondroitin sulfate may be explored as a therapeutic agent for Papss2 deficiency-associated colonic carcinogenesis.
Enhancing sensitivity of triple‐negative breast cancer to DNA‐damaging therapy through chemical inhibition of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3
Authors: Bianca Cesaro, Alessia Iaiza, Fabio Piscopo, Marco Tarullo, Eleonora Cesari, Dante Rotili, Antonello Mai, Alberto Diana, Michela Londero, Luca Del Giacco, Riccardo Masetti, Alba Di Leone, Chiara Naro, Silvia Masciarelli, Giulia Fontemaggi, Claudio Sette, Francesco Fazi, Alessandro Fatica
Journal: Cancer Communications (2023)

Enhancing sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer to DNA-damaging therapy through chemical inhibition of
Toward an improved understanding of hypomethylating agent and venetoclax therapies
Authors: Courtney D. DiNardo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2023)

Courtney D. DiNardo declares membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees from GenMab, GlaxoSmithKline, Kura, Notable Labs, honoraria from Kura, Astellas, Blue-bird Bio, Bristol Myers Squibb, Foghorn, ImmuneOnc, Novartis, Takeda, Gilead, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, current holder of stock options in a privately held company from Notable Labs, consultancy from Abbvie, Servier, and research funding from Servier, Bristol Myers Squibb, Foghorn, ImmuneOnc, LOXO, Astex, Cleave, Forma. Data sharing not applicable to this editorial as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Integrative analysis of clinicopathological features defines novel prognostic models for mantle cell lymphoma in the immunochemotherapy era: a report from The North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma Consortium
Authors: Julie M. Vose, Kai Fu, Lu Wang, Adnan Mansoor, Douglas Stewart, Hongxia Cheng, Lynette Smith, Ji Yuan, Hina Naushad Qureishi, Brian K. Link, Melissa H. Cessna, Paul M. Barr, Brad S. Kahl, Matthew S. Mckinney, Nadia Khan, Ranjana H. Advani, Peter Martin, Andre H. Goy, Tycel J. Phillips, Amitkumar Mehta, Manali Kamdar, Michael Crump, Barbara Pro, Christopher R. Flowers, Caron A. Jacobson, Sonali M. Smith, Deborah M. Stephens, Veronika Bachanova, Zhaohui Jin, Shishou Wu, Francisco Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Pallawi Torka, Andrea Anampa-Guzmán, Farshid Kashef, Xing Li, Sunandini Sharma, Timothy C. Greiner, James O. Armitage, Matthew Lunning, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Robert G. Bociek, Javeed Iqbal, Guohua Yu, Chengfeng Bi
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2023)

Abstract Background Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) exhibit a wide variation in clinical presentation and outcome. However, the commonly used prognostic models are outdated and inadequate to address the needs of the current multidisciplinary management of this disease. This study aims to investigate the clinical and pathological features of MCL in the immunochemotherapy era and improve the prognostic models for a more accurate prediction of patient outcomes. Methods The North American Mantle Cell Lymphoma Project is a multi-institutional collaboration of 23 institutions across North America to evaluate and refine prognosticators for front-line therapy. A total of 586 MCL cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 are included in this study. A comprehensive retrospective analysis was performed on the clinicopathological features, treatment approaches, and outcomes of these cases. The establishment of novel prognostic models was based on in-depth examination of baseline parameters, and subsequent validation in an independent cohort of MCL cases. Results In front-line strategies, the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was the most significant parameter affecting outcomes, for both overall survival (OS, p &lt; 0.0001) and progression-free survival (PFS, p &lt; 0.0001). P53 positive expression was the most significant pathological parameter correlating with inferior outcomes ( p &lt; 0.0001 for OS and p = 0.0021 for PFS). Based on the baseline risk factor profile, we developed a set of prognostic models incorporating clinical, laboratory, and pathological parameters that are specifically tailored for various applications. These models, when tested in the validation cohort, exhibited strong predictive power for survival and showed a stratification resembling the training cohort. Conclusions The outcome of patients with MCL has markedly improved over the past two decades, and further enhancement is anticipated with the evolution of clinical management. The innovative prognostic models developed in this study would serve as a valuable tool to guide the selection of more suitable treatment strategies for patients with MCL.
Re: Matthias Boschheidgen, Peter Albers, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, et al. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Screening at the Age of 45 Years: Results from the First Screening Round of the PROBASE Trial, Eur Urol 2024:85:105–111
Authors: Tian-Bao Huang, Xue-Fei Ding
Journal: European Urology (2023)
Quantifying energy and nutrient fluxes in coral reef food webs
Authors: James P.W. Robinson, Cassandra E. Benkwitt, Eva Maire, Renato Morais, Nina M.D. Schiettekatte, Christina Skinner, Simon J. Brandl
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)

The movement of energy and nutrients through ecological communities represents the biological 'pulse' underpinning ecosystem functioning and services. However, energy and nutrient fluxes are inherently difficult to observe, particularly in high-diversity systems such as coral reefs. We review advances in the quantification of fluxes in coral reef fishes, focusing on four key frameworks: demographic modelling, bioenergetics, micronutrients, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). Each framework can be integrated with underwater surveys, enabling researchers to scale organismal processes to ecosystem properties. This has revealed how small fish support biomass turnover, pelagic subsidies sustain fisheries, and fisheries benefit human health. Combining frameworks, closing data gaps, and expansion to other aquatic ecosystems can advance understanding of how fishes contribute to ecosystem functions and services.
Pharmacological Treatments of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review Including a Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nikolaos Christidis, Essam Ahmed Al-Moraissi, Golnaz Barjandi, Johanna Svedenlöf, Hajer Jasim, Maria Christidis, Malin Collin
Journal: Drugs (2023)

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) comprise a cluster of conditions with a wide range of etiological factors that causes pain and discomfort in the masticatory muscles (TMD-M) and temporomandibular joints (TMD-J). More than 50% of the patients with TMD report regular usage of drugs. However, there is still no consensus, nor is there any evidence-based support for clinicians when choosing between different drugs. Therefore, this systematic review, including a network meta-analysis (NMA), aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence and discuss the pharmacological treatment options available to treat painful TMD. An electronic search was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological treatments for TMD-M and/or TMD-J, published until 6 April 2023. Since only 11 articles could be used for an NMA regarding TMD-M, a narrative synthesis was also performed for all 40 included RCTs. The quality of evidence was rated according to Cochrane's tool for assessing risk of bias, while the certainty of evidence was rated according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). When it comes to TMD-M, evidence arises for wet needling therapies with BTX-A, granisetron, and PRP as well as muscle relaxants. For TMD-J, evidence points toward pharmacological treatment approaches including non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticosteriods (for inflammatory conditions) as well as hyaluronic acid and dextrose. The evidence clearly indicates that the pharmacological treatment approaches differ between TMD-M and TMD-J. Therefore, it is of great importance to first try to uncover each patient's individual and multifactorial etiology and then employ a multifaceted treatment strategy, including pharmacological treatment approaches.
Targeted therapies in bladder cancer: signaling pathways, applications, and challenges
Authors: Mei Peng, Xuetong Chu, Yan Peng, Duo Li, Zhirong Zhang, Weifan Wang, Xiaochen Zhou, Di Xiao, Xiaoping Yang
Journal: MedComm (2023)

Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in men. Understanding molecular characteristics via studying signaling pathways has made tremendous breakthroughs in BC therapies. Thus, targeted therapies including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), and tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) have markedly improved advanced BC outcomes over the last few years. However, the considerable patients still progress after a period of treatment with current therapeutic regimens. Therefore, it is crucial to guide future drug development to improve BC survival, based on the molecular characteristics of BC and clinical outcomes of existing drugs. In this perspective, we summarize the applications and benefits of these targeted drugs and highlight our understanding of mechanisms of low response rates and immune escape of ICIs, ADCs toxicity, and TKI resistance. We also discuss potential solutions to these problems. In addition, we underscore the future drug development of targeting metabolic reprogramming and cancer stem cells (CSCs) with a deep understanding of their signaling pathways features. We expect that finding biomarkers, developing novo drugs and designing clinical trials with precisely selected patients and rationalized drugs will dramatically improve the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced BC.
GRK2 mediated degradation of SAV1 initiates hyperplasia of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Paipai Guo, Ji Jiang, Rui Chu, Feng He, Mingli Ge, Ruhong Fang, Qiuyun Guan, Huijuan Cheng, Chunru Jiang, Tiantian Su, Zhenduo Zhu, Hao Liu, Wei Wei, Shihao Zhang, Qingtong Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Hyperplasia and migration of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are the key drivers in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and joint destruction. Abundant Yes-associated protein (YAP), which is a powerful transcription co-activator for proliferative genes, was observed in the nucleus of inflammatory FLSs with unknown upstream mechanisms. Using Gene Expression Omnibus database analysis, it was found that Salvador homolog-1 (SAV1), the pivotal negative regulator of the Hippo-YAP pathway, was slightly downregulated in RA synovium. However, SAV1 protein expression is extremely reduced. Subsequently, it was revealed that SAV1 is phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and degraded by interacting with an important serine-threonine kinase, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2), which was predominately upregulated by GPCR activation induced by ligands such as prostaglandin E
Targeting the Warburg effect: A revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies in cancer
Authors: Minru Liao, Dahong Yao, Lifeng Wu, Chaodan Luo, Zhiwen Wang, Jin Zhang, Bo Liu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2023)

Cancer reprogramming is an important facilitator of cancer development and survival, with tumor cells exhibiting a preference for aerobic glycolysis beyond oxidative phosphorylation, even under sufficient oxygen supply condition. This metabolic alteration, known as the Warburg effect, serves as a significant indicator of malignant tumor transformation. The Warburg effect primarily impacts cancer occurrence by influencing the aerobic glycolysis pathway in cancer cells. Key enzymes involved in this process include glucose transporters (GLUTs), HKs, PFKs, LDHs, and PKM2. Moreover, the expression of transcriptional regulatory factors and proteins, such as FOXM1, p53, NF-