tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global burden and trends in pre- and post-menopausal gynecological cancer from 1990 to 2019, with Projections to 2040: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yuanhao Liang, Xingzhu Dai, Jiaqing Chen, Xueqing Zeng, Xingrong Qing, Jing Huang, Liangliang Ren, Xin Zhang, Weijian Zhang, Xiaohong Ruan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The global burden and trends in gynecological cancer (GC) by menopausal status worldwide remain unclear. Methods: Data on the number of incident cases and deaths, as well as age-standardized rates (ASR) and risk factors for GC in pre- and post-menopausal women were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The estimated annual percent change was calculated to quantify the temporal trend of GC burden by menopausal status between 1990 and 2019. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used to predict the trends in age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for pre- and post-menopausal GC during 2020-2040. Results: In 2019, an estimated 400,146 premenopausal and 879,476 postmenopausal GC cases were newly diagnosed worldwide, with approximately 111,420 and 442,821 GC-related deaths occurring in each menopausal group, respectively. The majority of both pre- and post-menopausal GC cases in low- to middle-SDI regions was due to cervical cancer. In high- and high-middle-SDI regions, premenopausal GC was primarily attributed to cervical cancer, while postmenopausal GC was mainly attributed to uterine cancer. Additionally, the contribution of uterine cancer to GC was higher among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women, across all SDI levels and geographical regions. ASIRs either remained stable or increased from 1990 to 2019 worldwide for both pre- and post-menopausal GC (an average change of 0.03% [95% CI –0.02 to 0.08] and 0.09% [0.05 to 0.13] per year, respectively). However, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) declined by an annual average of 0.86% (95% CI –0.92 to –0.8) and 0.63% (95% CI –0.66 to –0.6) globally during the same period. The risk-attributable proportion of postmenopausal GC deaths was higher than that of premenopausal GC and increased with increasing SDI. The projections indicate an increasing trend in the burden of premenopausal GC from 2020 to 2040, while the burden of postmenopausal GC is expected to decline. Conclusions: GC continues to be a significant public health concern worldwide, with notable regional and demographic disparities in the burden based on menopausal status. Policymakers and health-care providers must be proactively aware of these evolving trends and tailor age-appropriate and region-specific screening strategies, as well as allocate resources accordingly.
Pelvic congestion syndrome analysis through quantitative 2-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: A promising vision from an observational cohort study
Authors: Chen-Yu Li, Chien-Wei Chen, Chih-Chen Kao, Yin-Chen Hsu, Chung-Yuan Lee, Chieh-Chao Lin, Teng-Yao Yang, Shih-Chung Wang, Sheng-Ya Chen, Yu-Hui Lin, Min Yi Wong, Chee-Jen Chang, Yao-Kuang Huang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: To examine the application of quantitative 2-dimensional phase-contrast MRI (2D PC-MRI) for treating patients with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis by using quantitative 2D PC-MRI data enrolled between April 2017 and September 2023. In addition, 32 healthy female controls (HCs) were included. Results: Most patients with PCS presented with chronic pelvic pain and more than half had extrapelvic venous symptoms (80/81, 98% and 45/81, 56%, respectively). Quantitative 2D PC-MRI analyzed the 81 patients with PCS, 239 patients without PCS, and 32 HCs. The patients with PCS had higher stroke volume (SV), absolute SV (ASV), and mean flux (MF) in the calf region (interstitial pixel shift) than did the HCs. In the left gonadal vein, the patients with PCS had higher SV, backward flow volume (BFV), ASV, and MF and lower forward flow volume (FFV), stroke distance (SD), and mean velocity (MV) than did the HCs. However, the patients with PCS had lower SV, FFV, MF, SD, and MV in the great saphenous veins. Quantitative 2D PC-MRI analysis revealed that the PCS group had higher SV, FFV, BFV, ASV, and MF in the calf region than did the non-PCS group. The variables that most strongly differentiated the patients with PCS from the HCs were SV in the great saphenous veins, SD in the great saphenous veins and left gonadal vein, and MV in the great saphenous veins and left gonadal vein. Caudal flow in the left gonadal vein was identified in half of the patients with PCS (39/81, 48.1%); 14 of them received embolization for left gonadal vein. Conclusions: In additional to providing an objective 3-dimensional morphology of the pelvic veins and extrapelvic leaks, quantitative 2D PC-MRI analysis reveals distinct hemodynamic profiles between patients with PCS, those without PCS, and HCs, especially in the gonadal veins and regional perfusion of the calves.
Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves gastric motility and visceral hypersensitivity in rodents of functional dyspepsia by balancing duodenal immune response: an experimental study
Authors: Shaoyuan Li, Ningyi Zou, Bowen Feng, Marie Rangon Claire, Juan Han, Lin Wang, Yang Yang, Wei Wei, Peijing Rong
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Li, Shaoyuan PhD; Zou, Ningyi BS; Feng, Bowen MD; Claire, Marie Rangon MD PhD; Han, Juan PhD; Wang, Lin MD; Yang, Yang PhD; Wei, Wei PhD; Rong, Peijing PhD Author Information
Comparison of resection, ablation and stereotactic body radiation therapy in treating solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤ 5 cm: a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study
Authors: Yizhen Fu, Zhoutian Yang, Shiliang Liu, Renguo Guan, Xiaohui Wang, Jinbin Chen, Juncheng Wang, Yangxun Pan, Mengzhong Liu, Minshan Chen, Mian Xi, Yaojun Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Few studies have focused on the efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in treating early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for curative intention. This study aims to determine the best option among resection, ablation and SBRT in dealing with single HCC no more than 5 cm. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 985 patients from 3 hospitals: 495, 335 and 155 in the resection, ablation and SBRT groups, respectively between January 2014 and December 2021. Subgroup analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed. Results: The SBRT group had unfavorable clinical features including larger tumor size, poorer liver function and more relapsed tumors. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence free survival (RFS) rates were 84.3%, 66.8% and 56.2% with resection, 73.3%, 49.8% and 37.2% with ablation and 73.2%, 56.4% and 53.6% with SBRT, respectively ( P &lt;0.001). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 89.0%, 89.2% and 88.8% in the resection, ablation and SBRT group, respectively ( P =0.590). The three modalities resulted in similar RFS and OS after adjusting for clinical factors. Resection provided ideal local tumor control, successively followed by SBRT and ablation. SBRT led to comparable RFS time compared to resection for tumors &lt; 3 cm (HR=0.75, P =0.205), relapsed tumors (HR=0.83, P =0.420) and patients with poor liver function (HR=0.70, P =0.330). In addition, SBRT was superior to ablation regarding RFS when tumors were adjacent to intra-hepatic vessels (HR=0.64, P =0.031). SBRT were more minimally invasive, however, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatic inflammation and myelosuppression occurred more frequently. Conclusion: All three approaches could be applied as curative options. Resection remains the best choice for preventing tumor recurrence, and SBRT showed advantages in treating small, recurrent and vascular-type lesions as well as patients with relatively poor liver function.
Interventions to achieve environmentally sustainable operating theatres: an umbrella systematic review using the behaviour change wheel
Authors: Aws Almukhtar, Carys Batcup, Miranda Bowman, Jasmine Winter Beatty, Daniel Leff, Pelin Demirel, Gaby Judah, Talya Porat
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Introduction: The healthcare sector is a major contributor to the climate crisis and operating theatres (OTs) are one of the highest sources of emissions. To inform emissions reduction, this study aimed to (i) compare the outcomes of interventions targeting sustainable behaviours in OTs using the Triple Bottom Line framework, (ii) categorise the intervention strategies using the five Rs (reduce, recycle, reuse, refuse, and renew) of circular economy, and (iii) examine intervention functions (IFs) using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Methods: Medline, Embase, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until June 2023 using the concepts: sustainability and surgery. The review was conducted in line with the Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institution’s recommendations and was registered on PROSPERO. The results were reported in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JS9/D210) guidelines. Results: Sixteen reviews encompassing 43 life-cycle analyses, 30 interventions, 5 IFs, and 9 BCW policy categories were included. 28/30 (93%) interventions successfully led to sustainability improvements; however, the environmental outcomes were not suitable for meaningful comparisons due to their using different metrics and dependence on local factors. The ‘reduce’ strategy was the most prolific and commonly achieved through ‘education’ and/or ‘environmental restructuring’. However, single-session educational interventions were ineffective. Improving recycling relied on ‘environmental restructuring’. More intensive strategies such as ‘reuse’ require multiple intervention functions to achieve, either through a sustainability committee or through an intervention package. Conclusion: Policymakers must examine interventions within the local context. Comparing the outcomes of different interventions is difficult and could potentially be misleading, highlighting the need for a tool integrating diverse outcomes and contextual factors. ‘Reduce’ strategy guarantees environmental and financial savings, and can be achieved through ‘Education’ and/or ‘environmental restructuring’.
Clinical implications of residual normal plasma cells within bone marrow across various disease stages in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wenqiang Yan, Lihui Shi, Jingyu Xu, Lingna Li, Jian Cui, Yuntong Liu, Jieqiong Zhou, Chenxing Du, Tengteng Yu, Shuaishuai Zhang, Rui Lv, Weiwei Sui, Shuhui Deng, Xiaoqing Li, Xin Du, Yan Xu, Dehui Zou, Lugui Qiu, Mu Hao, Gang An
Journal: Leukemia (2024)
The application of mixed reality navigation system in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for highly complex renal tumors (RENAL score ≥ 10): a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wangmin Liu, Yanlong Wang, Zhitong Wang, Zhiqiang Cao, Yufei Yu, Jianfeng Wang, Jianbin Bi, Lina Wu, Mo Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Liu, Wangmin MD, PhD; Wang, Yanlong MD, PhD; Wang, Zhitong MD, PhD; Cao, Zhiqiang MD, PhD; Yu, Yufei MD, PhD; Wang, Jianfeng MD, PhD; Bi, Jianbin MD, PhD; Wu, Lina MD, PhD; Zhang, Mo MD, PhD Author Information
Optimal candidates and surrogate endpoints for HAIC versus Sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tengfei Si, Qing Shao, Wayel Jassem, Yun Ma, Nigel Heaton
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background and Aims: Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has been a long-standing intervention for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite positive clinical outcomes, its inclusion in guidelines remains limited due to a lack of evidence-based support. This study aims to identify optimal target populations for HAIC and validate associations between intermediate endpoints with overall survival (OS). Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The primary search strategy was based on medical subject headings terms (MeSH) using “Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy”, “HAIC”, “Sorafenib”, “Nexavar”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “HCC”, “Liver cancer”, combined with free text words. Data extraction, quality assessment, and analysis were performed according to pre-registered protocol. Results: A total of 26 studies, 6456 HCC patients were included for analysis (HAIC, n=2648; Sorafenib, n=3808). Pooled outcomes revealed that Sorafenib demonstrated better OS only in patients who were refractory to trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) (HR=1.32,95%CI [1.01-1.73]), in other subgroups or overall HCC population HAIC consistently outperformed Sorafenib in patients’ survival. Radiologically, higher response rates in the HAIC group does not necessarily translate into survival improvement, but the hazard ratios (HRs) of 1y-OS (R 2 =0.41, P =0.0044) and 1y-progression free survival (1y-PFS) (R 2 =0.77, P =0.0002) strongly correlated with the patients OS. Meanwhile, larger tumour size (HR=1.86,95%CI [1.12-3.1, 95%), heavier tumour burden (HR=2.32, 95%CI [1.33-4.02), existence of MVI or EHS (HR=1.65,95%CI[1.36-2]; HR=1.60,95%CI[1.19-2.14]), and AFP &gt;400 ng/mL (HR=1.52, 95%CI [1.20-1.92]) were identified as independent risk factors for OS, while HAIC treatment (HR=0.54, 95%CI[0.35-0.82]) and lower BCLC stage (HR=0.44, 95%CI[0.28-0.69]) were potential protective factors for HCC patients. Conclusion: HAIC monotherapy appears noninferior to Sorafenib in HCC treatment, with potential benefits in specific subgroups. The robust correlation between 1y-OS/1y-PFS and OS, alongside identified risk and protective factors from the present study, offers valuable insights for designing future large prospective studies in this field.
Exploring the causal relationships between cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy, and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huahang Lin, Runda Lu, Qixin Shang, Yimin Gu, Yixin Liu, Yushang Yang, Longqi Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Biliary disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) frequently coexist. However, precise linkages between these conditions remain to be clarified. Methods: Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR), Bayesian weighted MR (BWMR) along with multivariable MR approaches were conducted using genetic instruments to evaluate the causality involving biliary disorders and GERD. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted on the potential mediating roles of biliary disorders (or GERD), on the linkage involving body mass index (BMI) and GERD (or biliary disorders). Results: Univariable MR analyses revealed significant causal effects of genetically predicted cholelithiasis (odds ratio (OR)=1.04, P =0.0001), cholecystitis (OR=1.06, P =0.0004), and cholecystectomy (OR=2.56, P =1.05×10 -6 ) on GERD. These findings were replicated in the FinnGen cohort and were also confirmed by BWMR and multivariable MR analyses. Additionally, mediation analyses demonstrated that cholelithiasis and cholecystitis acted as partial mediators, linking BMI causally to GERD. Conversely, GERD exhibited causal effect on cholelithiasis (OR=1.52, P =9.17×10 -30 ) and cholecystitis (OR=1.90, P =3.32×10 -28 ), which remained significant after BWMR and multivariable MR analyses. Mediation analyses further revealed significant mediating effect of GERD on how BMI influenced cholelithiasis/cholecystitis. Conclusion: Our study elucidates the bidirectional causal linkages involving cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy, and GERD. These results highlight the significance of GERD risk assessment in individuals suffering from biliary diseases and vice versa.
Unlocking the potential of ctDNA for predicting tumor prognosis
Authors: Zhi-Qing Zhan, Zhangkai J Cheng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China bDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Presentation: Not applicable. Financial support and sponsorship: none. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: E-mail: [email protected] (Z. J Cheng). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Efficacy and safety of combining short-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with envafolimab in locally advanced rectal cancer patients with microsatellite stability: A phase II PRECAM experimental study
Authors: Fei Wang, Chuanxi Lai, Yiming Lv, Feixiang Zhang, Liming Shi, Yunfei Wang, Yanbin Shen, Lingna Xu, Peng Hu, Wen Tang, Dengyong Xu, Gaoyang Cao, Lina Shan, Xiya Jia, Yiyi Chen, David W. Larson, Da Wang, Weifeng Lao, Hongcang Gu, Xiaonan Sun, Xuefeng Huang, Sheng Dai
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) yields a pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 15%–30% for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This study ventures to shift this paradigm by incorporating short-course nCRT with immunotherapy, specifically Envafolimab, to achieve improved treatment efficacy and possibly redefine the standard of care for LARC. Materials and methods: The PRECAM study is a prospective, single-arm, phase 2 clinical trial for LARC in patients with microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Participants received short-course radiotherapy (25Gy/5f), followed by two cycles of CAPEOX chemotherapy and six weekly doses of Envafolimab, a PD-L1 antibody, before total mesorectal excision surgery. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. Results: From April to December 2022, 34 patients were enrolled, of whom 32 completed the study, each diagnosed with an MSS rectal adenocarcinoma. All patients underwent preoperative CRT combined with Envafolimab. Remarkably, a pCR rate of 62.5% (20/32) was attained, and a significant pathologic response rate of 75% (24/32) was achieved. Additionally, 21 of 32 participants achieved a neoadjuvant rectal (NAR) score below 8, suggesting an effective treatment response. Common adverse events included tenesmus (78.1%), diarrhea (62.5%), and leukocyte decrease (40.6%). Two Grade 3 adverse events were noted, one related to liver function abnormality and the other to a decrease in platelet count. Surgical procedures were performed in all cases, with minor complications, including ileus, infections, and anastomotic leakage. As of this report, there have been no reported cases of recurrence or death during the follow-up period, ranging from 12 to 20 months. Conclusion: In LARC patients exhibiting MSS tumors, combining short-course nCRT with Envafolimab demonstrated favorable efficacy, leading to a significant pCR rate. Minor adverse effects and surgical complications were observed. These preliminary but promising results underscore the potential of this approach and call for further exploration and validation through a randomized controlled trial.
From text to video: What will OpenAI’s Sora bring to the oncologic field?
Authors: Wanqing Li, Jia Yang, Qipeng Shao, Haiyang Wu, Cheng Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Li, Wanqing MD; Yang, Jia MD; Shao, Qipeng MD; Wu, Haiyang MD; Li, Cheng PhD Author Information
Treatment patterns and prognosis of patients with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Jing Li, Huimin Qiao, Yang Yang, Lan Wu, Dongdong Xu, Zhongqiu Lin, Huaiwu Lu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Objectives: To describe treatment patterns and prognoses for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix (CCAC), a poorly understood rare tumor. Methods: A retrospective case‒control study was conducted using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, focusing on females diagnosed with CCAC between 2000 and 2019. Kaplan‒Meier analysis, propensity score matching, Cox regression analysis, and subgroup analysis were used to assess treatment outcomes and risk factors. Results: Of the 52,153 patients with cervical cancer in the SEER database, 528 had CCAC. Overall survival (OS) was worse for patients with early-stage and locally advanced CCAC disease, although no differences in survival were observed for patients with stage IVB disease compared to those with other histologies. In our investigation into treatment patterns, we have discovered that surgical treatment was the preferred choice for the majority of patients with locally advanced CCAC (58.5%). Further, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that surgery improved OS in CCAC patients (65.6% vs. 25.3%, P =0.000), with similar results in locally advanced-stage patients (57.9% vs. 26.7%, P =0.000). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that surgery was significantly associated with a more favorable prognosis in CCAC patients with locally advanced disease (HR 0.299, 95% CI: 0.153-0.585, P =0.000). Consistent findings were observed following propensity score matching (HR 0.283, 95% CI: 0.106-0.751, P =0.011). According to the subgroup analyses, surgical intervention continued to show a beneficial effect on CCAC patients with locally advanced disease (HR=0.31, 95% CI 0.21-0.46, P &lt;0.001). In particular, we also found that compared to patients who received primary radiotherapy (RT), those with CCAC who underwent radical surgery exhibited a significantly prolonged OS in locally advanced CCAC patients. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that surgery was associated with better outcomes in patients with stage IB3-IIA2 and locally resectable stage IIIC patients (HR 0.207, 95% CI=0.043-0.991, P =0.049). However, this trend was not observed for patients with stage IIB-IVA (except locally resectable stage IIIC) CCAC. Conclusion: Surgery should be considered the preferred treatment option for patients with locally advanced CCAC at stage IB3-IIA2 and locally resectable stage IIIC.
Recruited atypical Ly6G <sup>+</sup> macrophages license alveolar regeneration after lung injury
Authors: Cecilia Ruscitti, Joan Abinet, Pauline Maréchal, Margot Meunier, Constance de Meeûs, Domien Vanneste, Pierre Janssen, Mickael Dourcy, Marc Thiry, Fabrice Bureau, Christoph Schneider, Benedicte Machiels, Andres Hidalgo, Florent Ginhoux, Benjamin G. Dewals, Julien Guiot, Florence Schleich, Mutien-Marie Garigliany, Akeila Bellahcène, Coraline Radermecker, Thomas Marichal
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

The lung is constantly exposed to airborne pathogens and particles that can cause alveolar damage. Hence, appropriate repair responses are essential for gas exchange and life. Here, we deciphered the spatiotemporal trajectory and function of an atypical population of macrophages after lung injury. Post-influenza A virus (IAV) infection, short-lived monocyte-derived Ly6G-expressing macrophages (Ly6G