tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of Tubular Epithelium in the Human Kidney Following Injury by Mercuric Chloride
Authors: Warren C. Hunter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 January 1928Regeneration of Tubular Epithelium in the Human Kidney Following Injury by Mercuric ChlorideWARREN C. HUNTER, M.A., M.D.WARREN C. HUNTER, M.A., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-7-463 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt IS rather generally believed that the functional epithelium of the human kidney has only a limited regenerative capacity and that the clinical importance of this is negligible. The matter receives little or no consideration in most systems and textbooks of medicine and pathology. Yet in the voluminous literature on renal diseases are many descriptions of regeneration in the kidney of man and experimental animals, particularly after injury by the salts of heavy metals.As long ago as 1879 Weigert (1) noted regeneration in the renal parenchyma of animals poisoned with chromic acid. Likewise Thorel (2) (1903) found marked evidence...References(1) WEIGERT S: VOLKMANN'S Klin. Vortr., 162-163. 1879. Cited by Heinecke, A., Beitr. z. path. Anat. 45: p. 197, 1909. Google Scholar(2) THOREL C: Deutsch. Archiv. f. klin. Med. 77: p. 29, 1903. Google Scholar(3) HEINEKE A: Beitr. z. path. Anat. 45: p. 197, 1909. Google Scholar(4) OLIVER J: Journ. Exper. Med. 21: p. 425, 1915. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar(5) NAKATA T: Beitr. z. path. Anat., 70: p. 282, 1922. Google Scholar(6) HUNTER WC: Acquired Immunity in Renal Epithelium. An Experimental Study, using Mercuric Chloride as a Nephrotoxic substance for Rabbits. To be published. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *From the Department of Pathology, University of Oregon Medical School, Portland. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFamily PortraitDie Nephrosen, die primären Parenehym- und Mesenchymdegenerationen 1 January 1928Volume 1, Issue 7Page: 463-469KeywordsChloridesEpitheliumHeavy metalsKidneysRegenerative medicineRenal diseasesRenal failureSalts ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hospitalization for bronchiolitis in very preterm infants without broncho-pulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Brigitte Fauroux, Jean-Christophe Rozé, Christine Guiilermet-Fromentin, Isabelle Glorieux, Latif Adamon, Massimo Di Maio, Daniela Anghelescu, Didier Pinquier, Benoit Escande, Christophe Elleau, Jean-Bernard Gouyon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Prematurity is a risk factor for viral bronchiolitis but few studies have analyzed hospitalization rates in very preterm infants without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).   Aims and objectives:  1) To determine the hospitalization rates for acute viral bronchiolitis in very preterm infants (≤ 32 weeks gestational age, wGA) without BPD as compared to matched full-term infants during their first winter season and 2) to identify risk factors for hospitalization.   Methods:  Observational prospective multicenter study, conducted during the 2008-2009 winter epidemic in 9 French regions. Infants were matched (1:1) for date of birth, gender and birth location.   Results:  498 infants (249 preterms, mean GA: 31.4±0.9 weeks and 249 full-terms) were included. Mean age of infants at enrollment was 2.8±1.6 months. Forty infants (35 preterms and 5 full-terms) were hospitalized for bronchiolitis, out of which 20 were RSV-positive (16 preterms and 4 full-terms). The hospitalization rates for overall bronchiolitis were 14.1% in the preterm group  versus  2.0% in the full-term group (RR: 7.00, 95%CI: 2.79-17.57; p  versus  1.6% in the full-term group (RR: 4.00, 95%CI: 1.36-11.80; p = 0.006). The number of hospitalizations increased significantly with male gender and the presence of siblings of ≥ 2 years of age at home.   Conclusion:  Very preterm infants without BPD have a 7 and 4 fold increased risk of hospitalization for overall and RSV bronchiolitis respectively, as compared to full term infants. Male gender and siblings ≥ 2 years of age are additional risk factors for overall bronchiolitis hospitalizations.
Increased Safety-Belt Use—United States, 1991
Authors: J Michael, J Nichol
Journal: JAMA (1992)

From 1980 to 1990, safety-belt use among passenger-vehicle drivers in the United States increased from 11% to 49%. The increased use of safety belts from 1984 through 1990 was associated primarily with the enactment of state laws. In recent years, the rate of increase in use has declined. To increase safety-belt and child passenger restraint use in the United States, in February 1991, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration initiated the  by '92 program. The program sought to increase safety-belt use to 70% by the end of 1992 through emphasis on enforcement efforts combined with public awareness campaigns. This report summarizes an assessment of the impact of the program through 1991.
THE EVOLUTION AND TREATMENT OF LATE DISEASE OF THE LIVER
Authors: C M JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 August 1950THE EVOLUTION AND TREATMENT OF LATE DISEASE OF THE LIVERCHESTER M. JONES, M.D., F.A.C.P.CHESTER M. JONES, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-33-2-292 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe presentation of this subject will of necessity involve a discussion of known facts. I shall not have the temerity to think otherwise. What I shall attempt to do will be to marshall these facts in a sequential manner in order to obtain a clinical perspective.The evolution of chronic liver disease, due to any cause, involves three basic and important considerations which together can be discussed under the general term, prognosis. These three considerations are concerned with survival time, the usefulness of the patient during a given period of survival and finally the ultimate clinical result of reparative processes... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*Presented at the Thirty-first Annual Session of the American College of Physicians. Boston, Mass., April 21, 1950. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPortal HypertensionDie Krankheiten der Leber und der GallenwegeGeneral abstracts 1 August 1950Volume 33, Issue 2Page: 292-297KeywordsChronic liver diseaseLiver diseases Issue Published: 1 August 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 70: Improving the Prehospital Trauma Triage Guidelines for Physiologic Derangement: Can We Do Better?
Authors: Craig D Newgard, Kyle Rudser, Jerris R Hedges, Eileen Bulger, Ian G Stiell, Daniel Davis, Laurie J Morrison, Jeffrey Kerby, Thomas E Terndrup, Joseph P Minei, Scott Emerson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: The American College of Surgeons (ACS) recommends immediate transport to a trauma center for all injured persons with field physiologic derangement (ACS Step 1 trauma triage criteria). However, it remains unclear whether these criteria could be refined to identify high-risk trauma patients with improved predictive value. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that an easily applied, prehospital, clinical decision rule could be developed to better identify high-risk injured persons meeting ACS Step 1 criteria. Methods: We conducted a prehospital prospective cohort study of injured adults &gt; 15 years where field resuscitation was attempted and ACS physiologic criteria were present: SBP &lt;&lt;26&gt;90, RR &lt;10 or &gt;29 breaths/minute, GCS &lt;&lt;26&gt;12, or field intubation. Population-based data were collected from December 1, 2005 through November 30, 2006 by 268 EMS agencies transporting to 287 acute care hospitals (trauma and non-trauma centers) in 11 sites across the U.S. and Canada. Ten prehospital variables were assessed: SBP, RR, GCS, pulse, pulse oximetry, shock index (pulse/SBP), mechanism of injury, penetrating injury, age, and gender. High risk injured persons included: death (before or after admission) or hospital LOS &gt;2 days. 60% of the sample was randomly selected for rule derivation and analyzed using classification and regression tree analysis. The remaining 40% were used for rule validation. The final rule was based on a targeted sensitivity of &gt;90%. Results: Of 4,983 eligible patients, 4,326 injured persons had complete outcome information and were included in the analysis. The sample included 2,495 (58%) persons with death or LOS &gt;2 days, as well as 1,061 (25%) patients that did not require admission. The final rule included the following variables (in order): field intubation, GCS &lt; 8, shock index &gt; 1.4, mechanism of injury, and age &gt;=70 years. Rule validation demonstrated the following accuracy measures: sensitivity 94.9% (95% CI 93.5–96.3%), specificity 14.1% (95% CI 11.6 –16.6%). Conclusions: While we were able to generate a highly sensitive decision rule, the rule appears too complex for field application and is non-specific. Further refining ACS physiologic triage criteria to increase predictive value remains an ongoing challenge.
Diagnosis and Treatment of the Anemias
Authors: W. W. Duke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 November 1928Diagnosis and Treatment of the AnemiasW. W. DUKE, M.D.W. W. DUKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-5-463 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOur knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of anemia has developed to a large and important extent during the past two decades. The treatment of anemia has been dealt with so completely in recent literature that I shall discuss in this paper chiefly the diagnosis of anemia.The diagnosis of anemia in a marked case is so apparent that one may be surprised that I should care to discuss the topic at any length. The fact is, however, that in the milder cases of anemia the diagnosis may be beset with difficulties and give rise to clinical pictures which are...Bibliography DUKESTOFER WWDD: A Comparison of Capillary and Venous Blood Counts in Pernicious Anemia. Arch. Int. Med., July 1922, XXX, 94. CrossrefGoogle Scholar DUKE WW: Palm Color Test (A Simple Practical Method for the Diagnosis of Anemia and Plethora.) Arch. Int. Med., 1928, XLII, 533. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. W. DUKE, M.D.Affiliations: Kansas City, Missouri*Informal address before the American College of Physicians, New Orleans, La., March 6, 1928. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1928Volume 2, Issue 5 Page: 463-470 Keywords Anemia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 1117: Genetic Modification with Sonic Hedgehog Mitigates Aging-induced EPC Dysfunction and Augments Therapeutic Angiogenesis of Endogenous EPCs following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Masaaki Ii, Miki Horii, Hiroshi Akimaru, Kengo F Kusano, Tina Thorne, Takayuki Asahara, Douglas Losordo
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Clinical trials of autologous stem/progenitor cell transplantation in ischemic heart diseases are now on-going. Simultaneously, mounting evidence suggests that age related decreases in EPC number or function may limit this therapeutic approach. We tested the hypothesis that gene modification of aged EPCs, using the embryonic signaling molecule, sonic hedgehog (Shh), may ameliorate aging induced dysfunction of EPCs and thereby enhance the reparative effect of autologous EPCs. Methods and Results: EPCs from aged mice (24 m.o.), previously shown to exhibit impaired potency, were used and compared to EPCs from young (3 m.o.) mice. Shh gene transfer significantly improved proliferation and anti-apoptosis activities vs. empty vector transfected (EV) aged EPCs, up to a similar level of EV young EPCs. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of Shh-gene-modified aged EPCs (Shh-EPC) vs. EV aged EPCs (EV-EPC) vs. PBS (Ctrl) injection in a mouse AMI model. Shh-EPCs or EV-EPCs (1000 cells) or PBS was injected into the ischemic myocardium immediately following MI. Scar length in the infarcted LV 14 days after surgery was significantly reduced in the Shh-EPC group compared to the EV-EPC group and the PBS group associated with increased capillary density in the peri-infarct area. In addition, Ki67 positive cardiomyocytes were observed with increased frequency in the Shh-EPC group. In Tie2-LacZ BMT mice, beta-gal positive-endogenous BM-derived EPC recruitment was significantly greater in ischemic myocardium in the Shh-EPC group than that in the EV-EPC group. Differentiation of recruited EPCs into endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes was also observed more frequently in the Shh-EPC group compared to the EV-EPC group. These data suggest that cardiac repair was induced by a small number of transplanted Shh gene modified aged EPCs with the increased paracrine effects following MI. Conclusion: Shh gene transfer to aged EPCs ameliorates aging-induced EPC dysfunction. Intramyocardial transplantation of Shh-gene-modified aged EPCs augments therapeutic efficacy for myocardial repair following MI by promoting endogenous EPC recruitment. Shh gene modified EPCs may represent a second-generation EPC-based therapeutic strategy in ischemic heart disease.
Beyond the mean: A systematic review on the correlates of daily intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns
Authors: Bei Bei, Joshua F. Wiley, John Trinder, Rachel Manber
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2015)

Features of an individual's sleep/wake patterns across multiple days are governed by two dimensions, the mean and the intraindividual variability (IIV). The existing literature focuses on the means, while the nature and correlates of sleep/wake IIV are not well understood. A systematic search of records in five major databases from inception to November 2014 identified 53 peer-reviewed empirical publications that examined correlates of sleep/wake IIV in adults. Overall, this literature appeared unsystematic and post hoc, with under-developed theoretical frameworks and inconsistent methodologies. Correlates most consistently associated with greater IIV in one or more aspects of sleep/wake patterns were: younger age, non-White race/ethnicity, living alone, physical health conditions, higher body mass index, weight gain, bipolar and unipolar depression symptomatology, stress, and evening chronotype; symptoms of insomnia and poor sleep were associated with higher sleep/wake IIV, which was reduced following sleep interventions. The effects of experimentally reduced sleep/wake IIV on daytime functioning were inconclusive. In extending current understanding of sleep/wake patterns beyond the mean values, IIV should be incorporated as an additional dimension when sleep is examined across multiple days. Theoretical and methodological shortcomings in the existing literature, and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Abstract 1286: Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Basal Vascular Tone in the Healthy Human Forearm <i>in vivo.</i>
Authors: Mike Seddon, Phil Chowienczyk, Barbara Casadei, Ajay Shah
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Nitric oxide (NO) has an established role in the maintenance of vascular tone, generally assumed to be mediated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Previous studies using the non-selective NOS inhibitor N G monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) in humans confirmed the in vivo importance of NO but the contribution of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is unknown due to the lack of available selective NOS inhibitors for human use. In this study, we investigated for the first time in humans the effects of S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC), a competitive nNOS-selective inhibitor with 17-fold selectivity over eNOS. SMTC or L-NMMA were infused into the brachial artery of healthy male volunteers and forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. SMTC 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 μmol/min caused a dose-dependent reduction in basal blood flow in the infused arm of 9.2±1.9, 16.2±2.9, 22.9±3.9 and 30.1±3.8% respectively (n=10; mean±SE; all P&lt;0.01). Substantially higher doses of L-NMMA of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 μmol/min were required to reduce basal flow by 11.5±3.0, 25.1±3.0, 33.7±3.0 and 37.4±3.1% respectively (n=10). The highest dose of SMTC (ie, 0.2 μmol/min) tested had no significant effect on the vasodilator response to acetylcholine (ACh): Ach 40 and 80nmol/min increased blood flow by 3.93±0.64 and 5.54±0.69 ml/min/100mls tissue above baseline during saline co-infusion versus 3.95±0.69 and 4.90±0.71 ml/min/100mls tissue during SMTC co-infusion (n=10; P=NS). In contrast, L-NMMA significantly reduced the response to these doses of ACh by 64±9.9 and 60±10% (n=10; both P&lt;0.01). The effect of SMTC on basal blood flow was completely abolished in the presence of the NOS substrate L-arginine (n=6; P&lt;0.001) but was unaffected by the stereoisomer D-arginine (n=6). SMTC had no effect on the vasodilator response to sodium nitroprusside (n=5). In conclusion , SMTC reduced basal blood flow by stereospecific inhibition of the L-arginine:NO pathway but did not affect the eNOS-mediated vasodilator response to ACh. These results indicate that nNOS has a crucial role in the regulation of basal vascular tone in the human forearm in vivo .
Identification of genes involved in medulloblastoma formation
Authors: Tamar Uziel, Christopher Calabrese, Richard J. Gilbertson, Charles J. Sherr, Martine F. Roussel
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4845  Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. About 350 new cases occur each year in the US with a peak incidence around 5 years of age. Cerebellar granule neuronal precursors (CGNPs) are thought to be the cells of origin of MBs. Proliferation of CGNPs is controlled by growth factors such as the mitogen Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Wnt, and Notch ligands, and mutations in these signaling pathways are found in a subset of MB patients. The cyclin D-dependent kinase inhibitory protein, p18Ink4c, is transiently expressed in mouse CGNPs as they exit the cell cycle. Co-inactivation of p53 and Ink4c in mice results in MB with up to 25% penetrance, whereas mice heterozygous for Ptc1 (encoding the receptor for Shh) and lacking either one or two Ink4c alleles develop MBs with 50% incidence. Importantly, CDKN2C/INK4C expression is extinguished in a significant subset of MB patients, implicating this cell cycle regulator in the genesis of MBs in humans. The protracted tumor onset in these mouse models (∼2-5 months) implies that loss of Ink4c together with p53 or Ptc1 is not sufficient to induce MB, and that additional mutations must occur for tumor formation. One goal has been to identify genes that collaborate with inactivation of Ink4c, p53, or Ptc1 in MB formation. By use of Affymatrix Gene Chip microarrays, we have identified a panel of ∼30 genes that are consistently overexpressed in tumor cells, as compared to their expression levels in postnatal day 5 (P5) cerebellum. We have now purified CGNPs from the developing postnatal cerebella of tumor-prone knock-out mice, infected these cells with retroviruses encoding candidate genes together with a green fluorescence protein (GFP), and reinjected the marked cells into the brains of recipient mice under a cranial window. This enables us to follow tumor growth by observing GFP-marked cells in living mice. Our preliminary results show that CGNPs from Ink4c,p53 doubly-deficient mice infected with genes that are overexpressed in MB, such as N-Myc, not only exhibit a proliferative advantage in culture but also induce MBs in the cerebra of recipient mice. These primary tumors are transplantable subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice. This approach will allow the characterization of genes important for MB formation, will define the genetic networks involved in the development of this disease, and will generate new preclinical mouse models for testing new modes of therapy.
Abstract 14432: Big Picture Cardiac CT Registry: Diabetics Have More Plaque, but With Similar Composition to Non-Diabetics
Authors: Dan Gebow, David Bush, Ed Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The BIG PICTURE is a prospective CCTA registry that began in January 2009. One goal of this CT registry is to assess the correlation between diabetic status and coronary plaque burden...
Efficacy of the Plk Inhibitor Volasertib in Preclinical Models of AML
Authors: Dorothea Rudolph, Christoph Albrecht, Lena Geiselmann, Maria Antonietta Impagnatiello, Pilar Garin-Chesa, Andreas Wernitznig, Jürgen Moll, Norbert Kraut
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract 14609: {beta}3-Adrenoceptor Antagonist SR 59230A Attenuates the Imbalance of Systemic Oxygen Transport Induced by Dopamine in Newborn Lambs
Authors: Richdeep Gill, Po-Yin Cheung, Xiaoyang Yu, Mohammed Al-Alaklabi, Jeevan Nagandran, Luis Quinonez, Ying Qian Li, John Miller, David B Ross, Ivan Rebeyka, Jia Li
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: The increase in O2 delivery (DO2) by dopamine may be offset by a greater increase in O2 consumption (VO2) in neonates due to β adrenergic receptors in abundant brown fat tissue, particul...