tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional survey of attitudes towards Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination amongst surgical dermatologists in the UK
Authors: Ashika Sequeira, Prativa Jayasekera, Mohammed Blaaza, Lara Shemtob, Kaveh Asanati
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

This cross sectional survey of surgical dermatologists in the UK suggests favourable attitudes towards HPV vaccination amidst growing concern regarding occupational exposure to HPV through surgical smoke. There is an urgency to re-evaluate the UK’s stance on the offer of HPV vaccination to those at significant occupational risk
Eating and exercise experiences of Australian trans and gender diverse folks: lived experience and stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Kai Schweizer, Felicity Austin, Kemi Wright, Ben Jackson, Ashleigh Lin, Penelope Strauss, Bonnie Furzer
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2025)

Objective Trans individuals face elevated health risks and socio-environmental challenges, influencing their engagement in health-protective behaviors (e.g. exercise and nutrition). Despite these challenges, there is a significant gap in understanding the specific eating and exercise experiences of Australian trans adults, including barriers to healthy behaviors and healthcare experiences. This study aims to address this gap by exploring these experiences, informing targeted interventions and healthcare practices to improve health outcomes.
Development and validation of novel measures of gender minority stress for transgender and nonbinary people
Authors: Jae A. Puckett, L. Zachary DuBois, Devon Kimball, Kiet Huynh, Heather L. McCauley
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2025)

Introduction Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people experience various minority stressors, such as discrimination, which have significant effects on mental health. Even so, most of the existing literature about TNB people's experiences of minority stress has utilized models that were developed for cisgender sexual minorities, resulting in a need for measure development.
GDF-15 Blockade Overcomes Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2025)

Main Findings: Visugromab, a GDF-15 blocking antibody, is tolerable and elicits clinical responses in combination with nivolumab.Concept: GDF-15 may represent a mechanism of anti-PD-1 resistance that can be targeted to enhance antitumor immunity.Impact: This phase I/IIa trial supports the safety and further clinical evaluation of this combination, particularly in NSCLC and urothelial cancer.
Maternal milk fat globule membrane enriched gut <i>L. murinus</i> and circulating SCFAs to improve placental efficiency and fetal development in intrauterine growth restricted mice model
Authors: Cuiping Feng, Yujun Wu, Xiangyu Zhang, Shuxian Wang, Junjun Wang, Huixia Yang
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) caused by placental dysfunctions leads to fetal growth defects. Maternal microbiome and its metabolites have been reported to promote placental development. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is known for its diverse bioactive functions, while the effects of gestational MFGM supplementation on the maternal gut microbiota, placental efficiency, and fetal development remained unclear. In this study, low protein diet-induced IUGR decreased the litter birth weight, fetal birth weight, and the fetal/placental ratio in pregnant mice, while gestational MFGM supplementation restored these impairments. Meanwhile, MFGM supplementation during gestation enriched intestinal Lactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) and increased luminal and circulating short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in IUGR pregnant mice, which improved placental efficiency and fetal development due to an enhanced antioxidant capacity and a decreased inflammation. In addition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) with MFGM-derived microbiota reprinted the promoted phenotypes of maternal litter characteristics, gut L. murinus enrichment, placental efficiency, and fetal gut development in MFGM-fed pregnant mice, which were also recapitulated by exogenous administration with L. murinus or SCFAs cocktail. Mechanically, MFGM, MFGM-derived microbiota, L. murinus, or SCFAs cocktail activated IUGR-induced depressive phosphorylation of PI3K-Akt signaling in the placenta. Moreover, in vitro placental cells cultivation under amino acid shortage model (AAS) or oxygen-glucose shortage model (OGS) was used to validate that MFGM-derived key microbial and circulating SCFAs cocktails can alleviate placental oxidative stress and inflammation via activating PI3K/Akt signaling. Taken together, gestational MFGM supplementation enriched intestinal L. murinus and circulating SCFAs of IUGR pregnant mice, thereby improving placental efficiency, fetal growth, and intestinal functions of IUGR fetus. Our findings will provide theoretical support for the application of MFGM in the maternal–placental-fetal nutrition to address pregnancy malnutrition-induced IUGR.
Benzodiazepine and z-drug prescribing in critical care survivors and the risk of rehospitalisation or death due to falls/trauma and due to any cause: a retrospective matched cohort study using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Elizabeth T. Mansi, Christopher T. Rentsch, Richard S. Bourne, Annie Jeffery, Bruce Guthrie, Nazir I. Lone
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2025)
Utilization and outcomes of life-supporting interventions in older ICU patients in Japan: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Junji Shiotsuka, Tomoyuki Masuyama, Shigehiko Uchino, Yusuke Sasabuchi, Reina Suzuki, Shohei Ono, Koichi Yoshinaga, Yusuke Iizuka, Masamitsu Sanui
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2025)
Best clinical model predicting extubation failure: a diagnostic accuracy post hoc analysis
Authors: Patricia Rodríguez Villamizar, Arnaud W. Thille, Margarita Márquez Doblas, Jean-Pierre Frat, Pilar Leal Sanz, Elena Alonso, Victoria País, Guillermo Morales, Laura Colinas, Alicia Propín, Aida Fernández Olivares, María Martínez Balaguer, Diego Alvaredo Rodrigo, Gonzalo Hernández
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2025)

Predicting extubation failure remains a clinical challenge. This study aimed to determine diagnostic accuracy of models used at the bed side. Post hoc analysis of 2341 patients at all risk included in five multicenter randomized trials. Diagnostic accuracy of three clinical prediction models was compared: 3-factors model including age > 65y, chronic heart or pulmonary disease; 4-factors model adding prolonged mechanical ventilation; and 11-factors model including age > 65 years, ≥ 2 comorbidities, prolonged mechanical ventilation, acute heart failure as the primary indication for mechanical ventilation, moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, APACHE II score > 12 on extubation day, airway patency problems, inability to deal with respiratory secretions, not simple weaning, obesity, or hypercapnia at the end of the spontaneous breathing trial. Crude and adjusted for spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) models were compared for all-cause reintubation at 7 days using Youden and Kappa indexes. The 3-factors model had a very low global prediction capability (Youden index 0.08 and Kappa index 0.04); the 4-factors and 11-factors models had low global prediction capability (Youden index 0.12 and 0.16, and Kappa index 0.06 and 0.07, respectively). Aggressive SBT strategies (pressure support ≥ 7 cm H2O with or without positive end-expiratory pressure) were associated with extubation failure risk (p < 0.001). All adjusted models had low diagnostic capability (0.08/0.03, 0.07/0.03, and 0.06/0.02 respectively). Based on these results, the 3-factors model reported a very low diagnostic accuracy, and the 4 or 11-factors models showed similar low accuracy. No improvement was observed after adjusting for other aspects of weaning.
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is prevalent but not associated with mortality in patients with septic shock
Authors: Philippe Vignon, Cyril Charron, Annick Legras, Frédérique Musset, Michel Slama, Gwenaël Prat, Stein Silva, David Vandroux, Grégoire Müller, Bruno Levy, Florence Boissier, Bruno Evrard, Marine Goudelin, Stéfan Mankikian, Mai-Anh NAY, Julien Jabot, Béatrice Riu, Pierre Bailly, Julien Maizel, Julie Léger, Antoine Vieillard-Baron
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2025)
Association between recorded physical activity and cancer progression or mortality in individuals diagnosed with cancer in South Africa
Authors: Ntokozo Mabena, Nivash Rugbeer, Sandra Lehmann, Georgia Torres, Deepak Patel, Mosima Mabunda, Mike Greyling, Jane S Thornton, Yun-Hee Choi, Saverio Stranges, Jon S Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2025)

Objectives This study aimed to determine the association between progression and mortality in individuals with stage 1 cancer and their recorded physical activity before the diagnosis of the cancer. Methods We included 28 248 members with stage 1 cancers enrolled in an oncology programme in South Africa. Physical activity was recorded using fitness devices, logged gym sessions and participation in organised fitness events. Levels of physical activity over the 12 months before cancer diagnosis were categorised as no physical activity, low physical activity (an average of &lt;60 min/week) and moderate to high physical activity (≥60 min/week). Measured outcomes were time to progression, time to death and all cause mortality. Results Physically active members showed lower rates of cancer progression and lower rates of death from all causes. The HR for progression to higher stages or death was 0.84 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.89), comparing low activity with no physical activity, and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.77), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. The HR for all cause mortality was 0.67 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.74), comparing low physical activity with no activity, and 0.53 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.58), comparing medium to high physical activity with no physical activity. Conclusions Individuals engaging in any level of recorded physical activity showed a reduced risk of cancer progression or mortality than those not physically active. There was a further reduction among individuals with moderate to high levels of physical activity compared with those with lower levels.
Acral Lentiginous Melanoma. Part II. Staging, Surgical Management, The Role of Systemic Therapy, Shortcomings and Future Directions.
Authors: Daniella Jaguan, Sach Thakker, Micah Belzberg, Nina Gulati, Janeth R Campbell, Brittney K DeClerck, Vishal A Patel, Gino K In
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2025)
Comparison of Adenoma Detection Rate Between Three-dimensional and Standard Colonoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wei-Yuan Chang, Li-Chun Chang, Hsuan-Ho Lin, Pin-Ya Wei, Hsing-Chien Wu, Wei-Chih Liao, Han-Mo Chiu, Ming-Shiang Wu
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Background and study aim: Improvement of adenoma detection rate (ADR) effectively reduces the subsequent incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). Three-dimensional (3D) colonoscopy provided more anatomical details than standard two-dimensional (2D) colonoscopy and improved ADR in a simulation study. We aimed to compare the ADR between 2D and 3D colonoscopy. Patients and methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, subjects aged ≥ 40 years who underwent colonoscopy for screening, surveillance, or symptoms were consecutively enrolled between February 2022 and June 2023 and randomized into 2D or 3D groups with a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was ADR. The secondary outcomes included the detection rates of flat adenoma, right-sided adenoma, proximal adenoma, sessile serrated lesion and advanced adenoma. Results: Of the 348 participants recruited, 158 and 160 were allocated to 2D and 3D colonoscopy, respectively. The mucosa inspection time was comparable between the 3D (9.8±2.6 minutes) and 2D (9.4±3.1 minutes) groups (p=.21). The 3D group had significantly higher ADR (53.1% vs. 38.6%, difference (95% confidence interval, CI): 14.5% (3.7-25.4), p=.0094), as well as higher detection rates for flat adenoma (35.0% vs. 21.5%, difference: 13.5% (3.7-23.3), p=.0076), right-sided adenoma (26.3% vs. 15.2%, difference: 11.1% (2.2-19.9), p=.015), proximal adenoma (38.1% vs. 23.4%, difference: 14.7% (4.7-24.7), p=.0045) and adenoma sized 5-9mm (45.0% vs. 31.0%, difference: 14.0% (3.4-24.5), p=.010). However, there was no difference in the detection rate of sessile serrated lesion and advanced adenoma. Conclusions: 3D colonoscopy improved the detection of adenomas without significantly increasing the mucosa inspection time. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05153746)
Microbiotoxicity: a call to arms for cross-sector protection of the human microbiome
Authors: AA Theodosiou, P-E Fady, N Bennett, RC Read, D Bogaert, CE Jones
Journal: Journal of Infection (2025)

Carpenter et al.'s recent study adds to the growing body of evidence showing that antibiotic use can be harmful to the human microbiome. 1 We recently introduced the term "microbiotoxicity" to describe unintended harms of antibiotic therapy to the microbiome, proposing a framework for prescribers to weigh these bystander effects against intended therapeutic benefits. 2However, it is becoming increasingly clear that microbiotoxicity extends far beyond antibiotics, encompassing non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals, 3 dietary additives, 4 and biocide-containing consumer products. 5Indeed, antibiotics are only one of a panoply of commonly used antimicrobials.The distinction between antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilising agents lies primarily in the substrate to which they are applied: internal aspects of bodies, external aspects of bodies, surfaces, and inert substances, respectively (Figure 1).Thus, all products with antimicrobial properties may cause unintended microbiotoxicity.
Dysregulation of Airway and Systemic Interferon Responses Promote Asthma Exacerbations in Urban Children
Authors: Courtney L Gaberino, Matthew C Altman, Michelle A Gill, Leonard B Bacharier, Rebecca S Gruchalla, George T O'Connor, Rajesh Kumar, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Meyer Kattan, Andrew H Liu, Stephen J Teach, Edward M Zoratti, Patrice M Becker, Alkis Togias, Cynthia Visness, James E Gern, William W Busse, Daniel J Jackson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)
AI in medicine: preparing for the future while preserving what matters
Authors: Raj Mehta, Michael E Johansen
Journal: BMJ (2025)

2025 is here and medicine has continued to move away from the utopian vision of our admission essays for medical school.We are spending countless hours on electronic health records scrolling through layers of data to find the information we need, receiving vital information through fax machines, and listening to on-hold music as we try to help patients progress through labyrinthine treatment pathways so that they can get the care that they need.The administrative burden of modern medicine has become overwhelming.
Safety and efficacy of the therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 in combination with atezolizumab in persistent, recurrent or metastatic HPV16-positive cervical cancer: a multicenter, single-arm phase 2a study
Authors: Peter Hillemanns, Michal Zikan, Frédéric Forget, Hannelore G Denys, Jean-Francois Baurain, Lukas Rob, Linn Woelber, Pawel Blecharz, Mariusz Bidzinski, Josef Chovanec, Frederik Marmé, Theresa Link, Christian Dannecker, Anders Rosholm, Kaja C G Berg, Roberto S Oliveri, Kristina Lindemann
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2025)

Background Second-line treatment options for persistent, recurrent or metastatic (r/m) cervical cancer are limited. We investigated the safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of the therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 combined with the immune checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)16-positive r/m cervical cancer. Patients and methods This multicenter, single-arm, phase 2a study ( NCT04405349 , registered 26 May 2020) enrolled adult patients with persistent, r/m HPV16-positive cervical cancer. Patients received 3 mg VB10.16 (every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 12 weeks, hereafter every 6 weeks) combined with 1,200 mg atezolizumab (Q3W) for 48 weeks in total with a 12-month follow-up. The primary endpoints were incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) and objective response rate (ORR; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor V.1.1). ORR was assessed in the efficacy population, being all response-evaluable patients who received any administration of VB10.16 and atezolizumab and had at least one post-baseline imaging assessment. Results Between June 16, 2020, and January 25, 2022, 52 patients received at least one administration of study treatment. Of these, 47 patients had a minimum of one post-baseline tumor assessment. The median follow-up time for survival was 11.7 months. AEs related to VB10.16 were non-serious and mainly mild injection site reactions (9 of 52 patients). There were no signs of new toxicities other than what was already described with atezolizumab. ORR was 19.1% (95% CI 9.1% to 33.3%). Median duration of response was not reached (n.r.) (95% CI 2.2 to n.r.), median progression-free survival was 4.1 months (95% CI 2.1 to 6.2), and median overall survival was 21.3 months (95% CI 8.5 to n.r.). In programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive patients (n=24), ORR was 29.2% (95% CI 12.6 to 51.1). HPV16-specific T-cell responses were analyzed in 36 of 47 patients with an increase observed in 22/36 (61%). Conclusions The therapeutic DNA-based vaccine VB10.16 combined with atezolizumab was safe and well tolerated showing a promising clinically meaningful efficacy with durable responses in patients with persistent, r/m HPV16-positive cervical cancer, especially if PD-L1-positive.
Chemotherapy-induced cellular senescence promotes stemness of aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma via CCR7/ARHGAP18/IKBα signaling activation
Authors: Jiyu Wang, Qianshan Tao, Keke Huang, Yangyang Wang, Linhui Hu, Anwen Ren, Huiping Wang, Yang Wan, Jinlan Li, Liuying Yi, Yanjie Ruan, Zhixiang Wanyan, Fan Wu, Zhimin Zhai, Chaohong Liu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2025)

Background Resistance to existing therapies is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with refractory and relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (r/r B-NHL). Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is one of the most important mechanisms of drug resistance. Methods This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze doxorubicin-induced senescent B-NHL cells. C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) expression in patients with aggressive B-NHL was assessed using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Lentiviral transfection was used to target CCR7 expression in Raji and SU-DHL-2 cells. Protein localization was visualized through immunofluorescence, while western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation were used to analyze protein expression and interactions. Cell proliferation was measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and senescent cells were detected using senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. The stemness of cells was evaluated through colony and sphere formation assays. Transwell assays assessed cell migration and invasion. Finally, inhibitors GS143 and Y27632 were used to examine the effect of IKBα and ARHGAP/RhoA inhibition on B-NHL-TIS. Results Here we identified a distinct group of TIS, composed of memory B-cell population characterized by strong positive expression of CCR7, which was significantly elevated in TIS population compared with normal proliferating and autonomously senescent lymphoma cell populations. Additionally, CCR7 expression was significantly upregulated in patients with r/r B-NHL, and was an independent prognostic factor in B-NHL, with high CCR7 expression being strongly associated with poor prognosis. In vitro results indicated that CCL21 induced migration and invasion of B-NHL cells via CCR7, while blocking CCR7 reduced doxorubicin-induced migration and invasion of these cells. Furthermore, B-NHL-TIS regulated by CCR7 and exhibited enhanced phenotypic and functional stemness features, including the upregulation of stemness markers, increased colony-forming, invasive and migratory capabilities. Mechanistically, blocking CCR7 reversed the stemness characteristics of senescent B-NHL cells by inhibiting the activation of ARHGAP18/IKBα signaling. Conclusions Together, TIS promotes the stemness of B-NHL cells via CCR7/ARHGAP18/IKBα signaling activation and targeting CCR7/ARHGAP18 might overcome the chemoresistance of senescent B-NHL cells by inhibiting stemness acquisition and maintenance.
Quality-of-Care Measures for Cardio-Oncology
Authors: Vijay U Rao, Anita Deswal, Daniel Lenihan, Susan Dent, Teresa Lopez-Fernandez, Alexander R Lyon, Ana Barac, Nicolas Palaskas, Ming Hui Chen, Hector R Villarraga, Diego Sadler, Courtney M Campbell, Kerry Skurka, Matt J Wagner, Matthias Totzeck, Kathryn J Ruddy, Paul Heidenreich, Randal Thomas, Daniel Addison, Sarju Ganatra, Richard Cheng, David Reeves, Arjun K Ghosh, Joerg Herrmann
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2025)

This document serves as a perspective on quality assessments in the discipline of cardio-oncology. We aim to define the current landscape, identify needs for quality and outcome improvements, and propose a roadmap for establishing viable metrics to improve patient care. Specifically, this document: 1) addresses the current lack of measurable high-quality metrics in cardio-oncology and their implications; 2) highlights needs and topic-specific barriers; 3) illustrates the process and application of a measurable quality metric; and 4) provides a framework to demonstrate measurable value for the growing population of patients with cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Pre-Existing Frailty on Cardiotoxicity Among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Shuang Yang, Xiwei Lou, Mustafa M Ahmed, Stephen E Kimmel, Karen C Daily, Thomas J George, Carl J Pepine, Jiang Bian, Dejana Braithwaite, Dongyu Zhang, Yi Guo
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2025)

Prior research suggests that breast cancer patients with a high burden of frailty may face an increased risk of cardiotoxicity. This study sought to examine the association between frailty and cardiotoxicity rates in female breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery. We analyzed data from the OneFlorida+ clinical research network, focusing on breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and targeted therapy from 2012 to 2022. Cardiovascular rates during adjuvant treatments were calculated based on pre-existing frailty, measured using the cumulative deficit frailty index (electronic health record frailty index). We employed multivariable Gray's method to examine the association between frailty with cardiotoxicity. The final cohort included 2,050 patients (mean age 50.6 years), with 415 (20.2%) experiencing nonfatal adverse cardiovascular events after adjuvant therapy. The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 17.8% in robust, 23.2% in prefrail, and 29.4% in frail patients. In multivariable analysis, prefrail (adjusted subdistribution HR [sHR]: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.06-1.71; P = 0.015) and frail (adjusted sHR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.11-2.61; P = 0.015) patients had a higher likelihood of experiencing adverse cardiovascular events compared with robust patients. Among non-Hispanic White and Black patients, prefrail (adjusted sHR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.04-2.11; P = 0.031; and adjusted sHR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.06-2.37; P = 0.024, respectively) and frail (adjusted sHR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.10-3.50; P = 0.022; and adjusted sHR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.11-4.10; P = 0.023, respectively) patients were more likely to experience adverse cardiovascular events compared with robust patients. No significant differences were observed in other racial/ethnic groups. These findings highlight the need for close monitoring of cardiotoxicity in frail breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant treatments to improve cardiovascular risk management.