tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Untying the Gordian Knot of Early Language Screening and Improved Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Ann P. Kaiser, Jason C. Chow, Jennifer E. Baumingham
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Michael J. Barry, MD; Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; David Chelmow, MD; Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Carlos Roberto Jaén, MD, PhD, MS; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Gbenga Ogedegbe, MD, MPH; Goutham Rao, MD; John M. Ruiz, PhD; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Joel Tsevat, MD, MPH; Sandra Millon Underwood, PhD, RN; John B. Wong, MD
Amygdala-hippocampus somatostatin interneuron beta-synchrony underlies a cross-species biomarker of emotional state
Authors: Adam D. Jackson, Joshua L. Cohen, Aarron J. Phensy, Edward F. Chang, Heather E. Dawes, Vikaas S. Sohal
Journal: Neuron (2024)

Emotional responses arise from limbic circuits including the hippocampus and amygdala. In the human brain, beta-frequency communication between these structures correlates with self-reported mood and anxiety. However, both the mechanism and significance of this biomarker as a readout vs. driver of emotional state remain unknown. Here, we show that beta-frequency communication between ventral hippocampus and basolateral amygdala also predicts anxiety-related behavior in mice, both on long timescales (∼30 min) and immediately preceding behavioral choices. Genetically encoded voltage indicators reveal that this biomarker reflects synchronization between somatostatin interneurons across both structures. Indeed, synchrony between these neurons dynamically predicts approach-avoidance decisions, and optogenetically shifting the phase of synchronization by just 25 ms is sufficient to bidirectionally modulate anxiety-related behaviors. Thus, back-translation establishes a human biomarker as a causal determinant (not just predictor) of emotional state, revealing a novel mechanism whereby interregional synchronization that is frequency, phase, and cell type specific controls emotional processing.
Gut microbiota-driven metabolic alterations reveal gut–brain communication in Alzheimer’s disease model mice
Authors: Yijing Chen, Yinhu Li, Yingying Fan, Shuai Chen, Li Chen, Yuewen Chen, Yu Chen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites affect the host nervous system and are involved in the pathogeneses of various neurological diseases. However, the specific GM alterations under pathogenetic pressure and their contributions to the "microbiota – metabolite – brain axis" in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the GM and the fecal, serum, cortical metabolomes in APP/PS1 and wild-type (WT) mice, revealing distinct hub bacteria in AD mice within scale-free GM networks shared by both groups. Moreover, we identified diverse peripheral – central metabolic landscapes between AD and WT mice that featured bile acids (e.g. deoxycholic and isodeoxycholic acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. 11Z-eicosenoic and palmitoleic acid). Machine-learning models revealed the relationships between the differential/hub bacteria and these metabolic signatures from the periphery to the brain. Notably, AD-enriched Dubosiella affected AD occurrence via cortical palmitoleic acid and vice versa. Considering the transgenic background of the AD mice, we propose that Dubosiella enrichment impedes AD progression via the synthesis of palmitoleic acid, which has protective properties against inflammation and metabolic disorders. We identified another association involving fecal deoxycholic acid-mediated interactions between the AD hub bacteria Erysipelatoclostridium and AD occurrence, which was corroborated by the correlation between deoxycholate levels and cognitive scores in humans. Overall, this study elucidated the GM network alterations, contributions of the GM to peripheral – central metabolic landscapes, and mediatory roles of metabolites between the GM and AD occurrence, thus revealing the critical roles of bacteria in AD pathogenesis and gut – brain communications under pathogenetic pressure.
Impact of power consumption and power saving for GI endoscopy (power on study) on reducing CO<sub>2</sub>emissions
Authors: Anna Fichtl, Veronika Tacheva, Niklas Sturm, Karim Hamesch, Doerte Wichmann, Benjamin Mayer, Martin Müller, Martin Wagner, Thomas Seufferlein, Benjamin M Walter
Journal: Gut (2024)
Joint transcriptomic and cytometric study of children with peanut allergy reveals molecular and cellular cross talk in reaction thresholds
Authors: Lingdi Zhang, Yoojin Chun, Zoe Arditi, Galina Grishina, Tracy Lo, Kayla Wisotzkey, Charuta Agashe, Alexander Grishin, Julie Wang, Hugh A Sampson, Scott Sicherer, M Cecilia Berin, Supinda Bunyavanich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2024)
Germline <i>USP36</i> Mutation Confers Resistance to EGFR-TKIs by Upregulating MLLT3 Expression in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shaoxing Guan, Xi Chen, Yuru Wei, Fei Wang, Wen Xie, Youhao Chen, Heng Liang, Xia Zhu, Yunpeng Yang, Wenfeng Fang, Yan Huang, Hongyun Zhao, Xiaoxu Zhang, Shu Liu, Wei Zhuang, Min Huang, Xueding Wang, Li Zhang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Although somatic mutations were explored in depth, limited biomarkers were found to predict the resistance of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI). Previous studies reported N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels regulated response of EGFR-TKIs; whether the germline variants located in m6A sites affected resistance of EGFR-TKIs is still unknown.
The estimands framework: a primer on the ICH E9(R1) addendum
Authors: Brennan C Kahan, Joanna Hindley, Mark Edwards, Suzie Cro, Tim P Morris
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Estimands can be used in studies of healthcare interventions to clarify the interpretation of treatment effects. The addendum to the ICH E9 harmonised guideline on statistical principles for clinical trials (ICH E9(R1)) describes a framework for using estimands as part of a study. This paper provides an overview of the estimands framework, as outlined in the addendum, with the aim of explaining why estimands are beneficial; clarifying the terminology being used; and providing practical guidance on using estimands to decide the appropriate study design, data collection, and estimation methods. This article illustrates how to use the estimands framework by applying it to an ongoing trial in emergency bowel surgery. Estimands can be a useful way of clarifying the exact research question being evaluated in a study, both to avoid misinterpretation and to ensure that study methods are aligned to the overall study objectives.
Psychometric Properties of the Instrument for Scoring Clinical Outcomes of Research for Epidermolysis Bullosa patient score (iscorEB-p): a patient-reported outcome measure
Authors: Gudrun Salamon, Sophie Strobl, Ursula Field-Werners, Anja Diem, Agnes Schwieger-Briel, Elena Pope
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

In contrast to clinical diagnosis via external examination, patient-related outcome measures (PROMs) allow access to patients' internal perceptions. In the case of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) - a rare disease characterized by a wide variety of symptoms and individual disease courses - it is important to integrate the patient's perspective into diagnostic processes. The Instrument for Scoring Clinical Outcomes of Research for EB (iscorEB) is an EB-specific measurement tool, combining a clinician score (iscorEB-c) and a patient questionnaire (iscorEB-p).
Author Correction: GATK-gCNV enables the discovery of rare copy number variants from exome sequencing data
Authors: Mehrtash Babadi, Jack M. Fu, Samuel K. Lee, Andrey N. Smirnov, Laura D. Gauthier, Mark Walker, David I. Benjamin, Xuefang Zhao, Konrad J. Karczewski, Isaac Wong, Ryan L. Collins, Alba Sanchis-Juan, Harrison Brand, Eric Banks, Michael E. Talkowski
Journal: Nature Genetics (2024)
Clinical evaluation of complete remission (CR) with partial hematologic recovery (CRh) in acute myeloid leukemia: a report of 7235 patients from seven cohorts
Authors: Jacob S. Appelbaum, Andrew H. Wei, Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Ing S. Tiong, Chong Chyn Chua, Tse-Chieh Teh, Chun Yew Fong, Stephen B. Ting, Daniela Weber, Axel Benner, Hannah Hill, Maral Saadati, Jun Yin, Richard M. Stone, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Harry P. Erba, Geoffrey L. Uy, Guido Marcucci, Richard A. Larson, Abin Thomas, Sylvie D. Freeman, Nuria Marquez Almuina, Konstanze Döhner, Ian Thomas, Nigel H. Russel, Hartmut Döhner, Megan Othus, Elihu H. Estey, Roland B. Walter
Journal: Leukemia (2024)
Options for Building a Diverse Health Care Workforce—Reply
Authors: Philip A. Gruppuso, Eli Y. Adashi, I. Glenn Cohen
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adherence to CPAP Treatment—Reply
Authors: Manuel Sánchez-de-la-Torre, Ivan D. Benitez, Ferran Barbé
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Surfactant Therapy in Preterm Infants—Reply
Authors: Peter A. Dargaville, John B. Carlin, Peter G. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adherence to CPAP Treatment
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early Switch From Intravenous to Oral Antibiotics for Patients With Uncomplicated Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Sandra Tingsgård, Simone Bastrup Israelsen, Henrik Løvendahl Jørgensen, Christian Østergaard, Thomas Benfield
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Gram-negative bacteremia is a global health concern, and optimizing the transition from intravenous (IV) to oral antibiotics is a critical step in improving patient treatment and resource utilization. Objective To assess the association of switching to oral antibiotics within 4 days after initial blood culture with 90-day all-cause mortality compared with prolonged IV antibiotic treatment for patients with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study conducted using the target trial emulation framework included observational data from adults with uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia in 4 hospitals in Copenhagen, Denmark, from January 1, 2018, through December 31, 2021. The duration of follow-up was 90 days. Eligibility criteria included a blood culture positive for growth of gram-negative bacteria, clinical stability within 4 days of initial blood culture, an available susceptibility report on day 4, and initiation of appropriate empirical IV antibiotic treatment within 24 hours of blood culture. Exposure Switching to oral antibiotics within 4 days after initial blood culture compared with continuing IV antibiotic treatment for at least 5 days after initial blood culture. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to adjust for confounding. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were performed using pooled logistic regression to estimate absolute risk, risk difference (RD), and risk ratio (RR); 95% CIs were computed using bootstrapping. Results A total of 914 individuals were included in the target trial emulation analysis (512 [56.0%] male; median age, 74.5 years [IQR, 63.3-83.2 years]); 433 (47.4%) transitioned early to oral antibiotic treatment, and 481 (52.6%) received prolonged IV treatment. Ninety-nine individuals (10.8%) died during follow-up. The proportion of individuals who died was higher in the group receiving prolonged IV treatment (69 [14.3%] vs 30 [6.9%]). In the intention-to-treat analysis, 90-day all-cause mortality risk was 9.1% (95% CI, 6.7%-11.6%) for the early-switch group and 11.7% (95% CI, 9.6%-13.8%) for the group receiving prolonged IV treatment; the RD was −2.5% (95% CI, −5.7% to 0.7%) and RR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.60-1.10). In the per-protocol analysis, the RD was −0.1% (95% CI, −3.4% to 3.1%) and RR was 0.99 (95% CI, 0.70-1.40). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of uncomplicated gram-negative bacteremia, early transition to oral antibiotics within 4 days of initial blood culture was associated with 90-day all-cause mortality risk comparable to that of continuing IV antibiotic treatment and may be an effective alternative to prolonged IV treatment.
PICH deficiency limits the progression of MYC-induced B-cell lymphoma
Authors: María Castejón-Griñán, Eliene Albers, Lucía Simón-Carrasco, Paula Aguilera, Mauro Sbroggio, David Pladevall-Morera, Andreas Ingham, Ernest Lim, Alba Guillen-Benitez, Elena Pietrini, Michael Lisby, Ian D. Hickson, Andres J. Lopez-Contreras
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2024)

Abstract Plk1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) is a DNA translocase involved in resolving ultrafine anaphase DNA bridges and, therefore, is important to safeguard chromosome segregation and stability. PICH is overexpressed in various human cancers, particularly in lymphomas such as Burkitt lymphoma, which is caused by MYC translocations. To investigate the relevance of PICH in cancer development and progression, we have combined novel PICH-deficient mouse models with the Eμ-Myc transgenic mouse model, which recapitulates B-cell lymphoma development. We have observed that PICH deficiency delays the onset of MYC-induced lymphomas in Pich heterozygous females. Moreover, using a Pich conditional knockout mouse model, we have found that Pich deletion in adult mice improves the survival of Eμ-Myc transgenic mice. Notably, we show that Pich deletion in healthy adult mice is well tolerated, supporting PICH as a suitable target for anticancer therapies. Finally, we have corroborated these findings in two human Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and we have found that the death of cancer cells was accompanied by chromosomal instability. Based on these findings, we propose PICH as a potential therapeutic target for Burkitt lymphoma and for other cancers where PICH is overexpressed.
Recommendations for Speech and Language Screenings
Authors: Marisha L. Speights, Maranda K. Jones, Megan Y. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Type 1 CALR mutation allele frequency correlates with CD34/CXCR4 expression in myelofibrosis-type megakaryocyte dysplasia: A mechanism of disease progression?
Authors: Giovanni Barosi, Rita Campanelli, Paolo Catarsi, Carlotta Abbà, Adriana Carolei, Margherita Massa, Robert Peter Gale, Vittorio Rosti
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2024)

Furthermore, type 1 CALR mutation VAF and down-regulated CD34/ CXCR4 expression respected a dose-response relationship.These characteristics of the results give support to the causality.This study suffers from limitations.Not all cases had all parameters useful for the analysis.However, our study is of a consecutive series of cases from an institutional database that systematically collects the most important disease co-variates.Our study provides an innovative perspective on how CD34/CXCR4 may be differentially regulated in type1 CALR-mutated MTMD, a finding with potential implications for predicting prognosis and for therapy.Comparative studies through targeted and methylation sequencing can further clarify the epigenetic diversity between type 1 and 2 CALR-mutated people with MTMD.
Platelet Transfusion and Death or Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Patricia E. Davenport, Thomas R. Wood, Patrick J. Heagerty, Martha C. Sola-Visner, Sandra E. Juul, Ravi M. Patel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Infants born extremely preterm receive transfusions at higher platelet count thresholds than older children and adults due to concerns for intracranial hemorrhage. A recent randomized trial comparing 2 platelet transfusion thresholds showed the higher threshold was associated with increased risk of long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Objective To evaluate the association of platelet transfusion exposure with death and severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years’ corrected age in a cohort of infants born extremely preterm. Design, Setting, and Participants An observational cohort study and secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of erythropoietin neuroprotection in neonates born extremely preterm, was conducted in 30 neonatal intensive care units in the US from December 1, 2013, to September 31, 2016. This analysis included 819 infants born extremely preterm at 24 to 27 completed weeks of gestation who had a documented outcome (death or neurodevelopmental assessment). Analysis was performed in April 2023. Exposures Any platelet transfusion during neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary composite outcome was death or severe NDI evaluated at 2 years’ corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development–Third Edition (BSID-III) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System and was defined as the presence of severe cerebral palsy or a BSID-III composite motor or cognitive score 2 SDs below the mean. Confounding by indication for platelet transfusion was addressed with covariate adjustment and propensity score methods. Results Of the 819 infants included in the analysis (429 [52.4%] male; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.5 [1.1] weeks), 245 (30.0%) received at least 1 platelet transfusion during their initial hospitalization. The primary outcome occurred in 46.5% (114 of 245) of infants exposed to a platelet transfusion and 13.9% (80 of 574) of nonexposed infants with a corresponding odds ratio of 2.43 (95% CI, 1.24-4.76), adjusted for propensity score, gestational age at birth, and trial treatment group. The individual components of death and severe NDI were directionally consistent with the overall composite outcome. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that platelet transfusion in infants born extremely preterm may be associated with an increased risk of death or severe NDI at 2 years’ corrected age, although the possibility of residual confounding by indication cannot be excluded.