tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Chagas disease in pregnant women in Madrid, Spain, from 2008 to 2010
Authors: M D Flores-Chavez, F J Merino, S García-Bujalance, P Martin-Rabadán, P Merino, I García-Bermejo, A Delgado, J Cuadros, Collective Working Group on Chagas Disease of
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

One of the most important modes of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in areas where it is not endemic is vertical transmission: from mother to child. The objective of this report is to assess the efficacy of different programmes of serological screening to monitor infection with T. cruzi in pregnant Latin American women living in Madrid (Spain). To achieve this, a retrospective study was undertaken from January 2008 to December 2010 in seven hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Serological screening programmes were classified in two main strategies: a selective one (pregnant women from Bolivia) and a universal one (pregnant women from Latin America). A total of 3,839 pregnant women were tested and the overall prevalence was 3.96%. The rate of congenital transmission was 2.6%. The current monitoring programmes have variable coverage ranging between 26% (selective screening) and 100% (universal screening). Monitoring of pregnant women from Latin America only reaches full coverage if universal screening of pregnant women is carried out at any moment of pregnancy, including at delivery. A common national regulation is necessary in order to ensure homogenous implementation of screening.
Pathogenesis of hypocalcemia in magnesium depletion
Authors: Se Mo Suh, Adele Csima, Donald Fraser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Hypocalcemia in the hypomagnesemic state in man is usually attributed to refractoriness of end-organs to the calcemic action of parathyroid hormone. We studied the responsiveness of end-organs to bovine parathyroid extract (PTE) in magnesium-depleted and control dogs by the following three methods after thyroparathyroidectomy: (a) assessment of the calcemic response to a set dose of PTE (0.3 U/kg per hr); (b) assessment of PTE dose required to attain normocalcemia; (c) evaluation of regression lines of plasma calcium concentration on PTE dose. The calcemic response of magnesium-depleted thyroparathyroidectomized puppies to a set dose of PTE was similar to that of control puppies. There was no significant difference in the dose of PTE required to attain normocalcemia nor in the dose-response relations between the plasma calcium concentration and the PTE dose. In a group of magnesium-depleted puppies with intact thyroid and parathyroid glands, the dose of PTE required to attain normocalcemia was similar to that required in thyroparathyroidectomized animals, indicating calcitonin was not a factor contributing to hypocalcemia. We conclude that hypocalcemia in magnesium-depleted puppies is not due to refractoriness of end-organs to the calcium-mobilizing action of parathyroid hormone. Defective synthesis or diminished secretion of parathyroid hormone is suggested as an explanation.
Abstract 3308: New Doppler Ultrasound Criteria for Renal Artery In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Stanley N Thornton, Gustavo A Cardenas, Joseph K Imsais, Gary A Daniel, Hamid Afshar, Corey Goldman, Yung-Wei Chi, Christopher J White
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Renal artery Doppler ultrasound (DUS) has been well established as an effective non-invasive screening tool for renal artery stenosis in native renal arteries. Stent placement alters the elastic properties of arteries and would be expected to decrease arterial compliance resulting in higher DUS velocities than non-stented arteries. To date, no criteria have been established for detecting in-stent restenosis (ISR) with DUS. Purpose: To establish the optimal DUS parameters to detect hemodynamically significant renal artery in-stent restenosis. Methods: We included consecutive patients (N=68) with clinically suspected renal artery ISR. Each patient underwent DUS and quantitative renal angiography that were blindly interpreted. Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.80 to 0.87 (P&lt;0.0001) suggested strong agreement among observers. Significant ISR was defined as ≤ 70% reduction of in-stent luminal diameter when compared to the nearest normal reference segment. Angiographic criteria were compared to the renal artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the renal-aortic ratio (RAR) from corresponding DUS measurements. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed using PSV and RAR as continuous variables to determine the DUS parameters with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting ISR. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation for both PSV and RAR in detecting ISR as defined by quantitative angiography (P&lt;0.0001). PSV&gt;325 cm/sec and RAR&gt;4.9 were most predictive of angiographically significant ISR, while a combination of the two criteria resulted in a greater sensitivity and specificity than either one alone. Conclusion: Renal artery Doppler ultrasound is an effective screening tool for renal artery in-stent restenosis. A PSV of 325 cm/sec and a RAR of 4.9 are most predictive of angiographic in-stent restenosis, with a combination of the two criteria offering the greatest sensitivity and specificity. DUS DETECTION OF ≥70% RENAL ARTERY IN-STENT RESTENOSIS (ISR)
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Clonal Evolution Pattern and Driver Mutations Of Relapsed Pediatric AML
Authors: Kenichi Yoshida, Norio Shiba, Yuichi Shiraishi, Akira Shimada, Kiminori Terui, Motohiro Kato, Yusuke Okuno, Yasunobu Nagata, Ayana Kon, Tetsuichi Yoshizato, Manabu Matsunawa, Kenichi Chiba, Hiroko Tanaka, Masashi Sanada, Satoru Miyano, Etsuro Ito, Yasuhide Hayashi, Seishi Ogawa
Journal: Blood (2013)
Recent Advances: Posters for accident departments: simple method of sustaining reduction in x ray examinations
Authors: E. McNally, G. de Lacey, P. Lovell, T. Welch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To assess whether a simple strategy would sustain a reduction in the number of unnecessary x ray examinations.Use of posters to display guidelines encouraging the more effective use of radiology in patients with head injuries, twisted ankles, neck injuries, and abdominal pain.Accident department of a large metropolitan district general hospital.15,875 patients attending the accident department over two years.Proportion of patients having radiography.Referrals for skull radiography fell from 56% to 20% and those for abdominal radiography fell from 31% to 7%. Referral patterns for adults attending with twisted ankles and cervical spine injuries did not change. Reductions were sustained over two years.Carefully designed posters provide a simple method of reducing unnecessary x ray examinations.
Abstract 5258: SDF1-Triggered Erk-2 Activation In Endothelial Progenitor Cells In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease And Healthy Controls: Role For Adhesion And Migration
Authors: Erik Friedrich, Christian Werner, Katrin Walenta, Michael Boehm, Bruno Scheller
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a heterogeneous group of bone marrow-derived precursor cells that circulate in peripheral blood and are recruited to sites of vascular injury or tissue damage. The underlying relevant intracellular signalling cascades are poorly characterized. EPCs were isolated from healthy volunteers and from patients with severe coronary artery disease (CAD; stable coronary 3-vessel disease) by density gradient centrifugation and cultured for 4 days under endothelial selection pressure prior to stimulation with the chemokine stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1; 100 nM, 30sec-5min). Western blot analysis revealed not only an enhanced phosphorylation of Akt (S473), but also a selective activation of Erk-2 after 60–90sec (baseline (densitometry): 8±2, 60sec: 50±18, 90sec: 134±17 arbitrary units; AU) with a maximum after 3–5min (3min: 232±34, 5min: 232±13 AU; n=3, p&lt;0.05). The SDF-1-triggered Erk-2-phosphorylation could be blocked by pretreatment of EPCs with the Erk-inhibitor PD98059 (10μM, 30min), the Akt-phosphorylation by the PI3-kinase-inhibitor wortmannin. In contrast, EPCs from patients with CAD were characterized by a temporally delayed and quantitatively attenuated Erk-2-phosphorylation (baseline: 1.2±0.3, maximum after 5min: 150±46 AU; n=4, p&lt;0.05). Functionally, pretreatment of EPCs with PD98059 (10μM, 30min; n=3, p&lt;0.05) inhibited SDF-1-triggered migration (modified Boyden chambers; control: 21901±3136, PD: 10187±886 cells/hpf) and adhesion under physiological shear stress (2 dynes/cm 2 ; control: 52±4, PD: 26±3 cells/hpf). Compared to healthy controls, SDF-1-triggered dynamic adhesion of EPCs from patients with coronary 3-vessel disease was significantly diminished (control: 52±4, CAD: 21±3 cells/hpf; n=4, p&lt;0.05). These data identify Erk-2 as a chemokine-activated signaling molecule that regulates migration and adhesion in EPCs and is down-regulated in association with functional defects in EPCs of patients with CAD. Erk-2 may be a potential novel target of EPC-based regenerative strategies for the therapy of ischemic vascular disease.
Acute hepatitis C infection in HIV positive men who have sex with men in Paris, France, 2001-2004
Authors: L Gambotti, Collective Acute hepatitis C collaborating group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

In mid-2004, three Parisian hospital wards informed the Institut de veille sanitaire of recent acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected (HIV+) men who had sex with men (MSM). These cases for whom none of the usual bloodborne routes for hepatitis C (HCV) transmission was found, reported having had unprotected sex. In October 2004, we conducted a retrospective investigation in Parisian hospital wards to explore HCV modes of transmission in recent acute hepatitis C in HIV+ MSM. Patient demographics, clinical and biological status of HIV infection, reasons for HCV testing, sexual behaviour and risk factors for HCV transmission within the 6 months before hepatitis onset were collected from medical records. An anonymous self-administered questionnaire on sexual behaviour within the six months before hepatitis onset was also offered to all cases. We identified 29 cases of acute hepatitis C in HIV+ MSM with onset from April 2001 to October 2004. HIV infection was asymptomatic for 76%. Median age at hepatitis C onset was 40 (28-54) years. In all records, were noted unprotected anal sex, fisting in 21% and a concomitant sexually transmitted infection (STI) in 41%. Median time between HIV diagnosis and HCV infection was 6.5 years (0-22). From the 11 self-administered questionnaires completed, 10 reported an STI, 8 “hard” sexual practices, 6 bleeding during sex and 5 fisting. HCV transmission probably occurred through bleeding during unprotected traumatic anal sex among HIV+ MSM and may be facilitated by STI mucosal lesions. This report stresses the continuous need to strongly advocate safer sex to MSM.
Abstract 1691: Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease Correlate with Major Adverse Cardiac Events as well as Late Lumen Loss Following the Sirolimus Eluting Coronary Stent
Authors: Yota Kawamura, Yoshihiro Morino, Masakazu Nagaoka, Takashi Matsukage, Naoki Masuda, Teruhisa Tanabe, Yuji Ikari
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is considered as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease. However, it is unclear whether CKD has association with prognosis following the drug eluting stent implantation. Methods and Results : The Cypher coronary stents were implanted to 302 lesions in 249 patients who underwent elective PCI between January 2005 and April 2006. Average age was 66.3 ± 9.7 and male gender was 80.3%. Diabetes was found in 47% of the patients including 16% of insulin treatment. Stages of CKD are shown in the table 1 and 2 . AHA/ACC lesion type B2/C was 62%. Cypher stents were implanted at maximum pressure at 17.3 ± 3.0 atm. Intravascular ultrasound was used in 92% of the procedure. Clinical follow-up data were available in 89.9 % at 1 year although angiographic follow-up was performed in 73.1% at 8 months. Major adverse cardiac events were frequently observed in association with stages of CKD as shown in the table 1 . Stages of CKD have correlation with late lumen loss at 8 months (Table 2 ). Furthermore, in-stent late lumen loss inversely correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (R = −0.18, p = 0.0097). Conclusion : Stages of CKD have correlation with major adverse cardiac events as well as late lumen loss following the sirolimus eluting stent implantation. Clinical follow-up at 1 year of study stratified by stages of CKD Angiographic data of study stratified by stages of CKD
Abstract 3124: Impact of Age on Outcome of Pulmonary Valve Replacement for Pulmonary Regurgitation
Authors: Alessandra Frigiola, Victor Tsang, Johannes Nordmeyer, Philipp Lurz, Kate Bull, Louise Coats, Fiona Walker, Carin Van Doorn, Philipp Bohnoeffer, Andrew M Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) for pulmonary regurgitation improves right ventricular function when performed relatively early. Effects on exercise performance are still controversial. Furthermore little attention has been given to the effects on left ventricular function. Methods: 60 patients (mean age 20.5 ± 10.4, 27 male, 77% tetralogy of Fallot) underwent pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Indications for intervention were presence of severe PR (regurgitant fraction ≥ 35%) and RV/LV end-diastolic volume ≥1.5. Fifty-six patients had a pulmonary homograft (mean size 21.5±1.7 mm). Magnetic resonance imaging and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX) were performed prior to and 1 year after intervention. NYHA class was also recorded. Results: On a retrospective analysis, we found that Ve/VCO2 exercise parameter was most likely to normalize when PVR was performed at a younger age (&lt; than 16 years, p=0.027). We therefore compared the results between the younger patients (group 1: n=24, 6 male, mean age of PVR 12±2.4 years) and the older patients (group 2: n=37, 21 male, mean age of PVR 26±10 years). Before intervention there were no differences in MR parameters. NYHA class was ≤ 2 in 83% of patients in group 1 vs 51% in group 2, p=0.01. Following PVR, only group 1 had a significant improvement in RV effective strove volume (40.9±8.7 to 47.1±7.1 mL/beat, p=0.001 vs 40.3±9.9 to 43.8±10.2, ns); in both groups there was a significant increase in LV end-diastolic volume, reflecting a better filling, and LV effective stroke volume (effSV), although these changes were more pronounced in group 1 (EDV: 11±11 vs 4±12 mL, p=0.041; effSV: 26±7 vs 19±11 mL/beat, p=0.025). Ve/VCO 2 improved significantly only in group 1 (33±3 to 30±4, p=0.015, vs 36±6 to 35±7, ns). Conclusions: PVR leads to a better RV and LV performance when performed at a younger age. This is mirrored by an improved Ve/VCO 2 exercise parameter which is more likely to normalize when surgery is performed prior to 16 year of age.
Physiological Responses to Psychological Challenge under Hypnosis in Patients Considered to Have the Hyperventilation Syndrome: Implications for Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: L J Freeman, A Conway, P G F Nixon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1986)

Thirty patients who were considered to have the hyperventilation syndrome on clinical grounds (history and observation) were referred for testing: 29 patients completed a forced hyperventilation provocation test, and 28 underwent hypnosis during which time a psychological challenge was introduced which was meaningful to each individual patient. In 19/27 of these patients the PetCO 2 fell by an average of 18.2 mmHg and persisted spontaneously for more than three minutes. In 10 normal controls studied in a similar fashion there was an average fall of 5 mmHg. The difference in response between responders and controls/non-responders was highly significant ( P&lt; 0.001). A review of the literature is presented, for comparison. It is considered that a psychological challenge under hypnosis may have important implications for diagnosis and therapy in some patients considered to have the hyperventilation syndrome.
Improving access to emergency contraception : Allowing pharmacy sales should help reduce unwanted pregnancies
Authors: Mira Harrison-Woolrych, Andrea Duncan, Jeannette Howe, Conamore Smith
Journal: BMJ (2001)

From 1 January this year pharmacists in the United Kingdom have been able to supply progestogen-only emergency contraception without a prescription. Within the next few weeks a product containing levonorgestrel 750 μg (Levonelle) will be widely available for purchase by women aged 16 and over. Direct sale through pharmacies should make access to emergency contraception easier for many women, but current NHS routes of provision of emergency contraception will still exist and remain important.

Emergency contraception is intended for use after intercourse, but before blastocyst implantation. In the United Kingdom two hormonal regimens are licensed as prescription only medicines for use within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse. A combination of oestrogen and progestogen (Schering PC4, ethinylestradiol 100 μg plus levonorgestrel 500 μg repeated 12 hours later) has been available since 1984 and a progestogen-only regimen (Levonelle-2, levonorgestrel 750 μg repeated 12 hours later) since 1999. Although less effective than standard hormonal contraception used correctly, emergency contraception may be needed when routine methods have not been used or …
Prolonged outbreak of B meningococcal disease in the Seine-Maritime department, France, January 2003 to June 2005
Authors: Pascale Rouaud, A Perrocheau, M K Taha, C Sesboué, A M Forgues, I Parent du Châtelet, D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Between January 2003 and June 2005, an outbreak of meningococcal disease occured in the department of Seine-Maritime in northern France. Eighty six cases were notified, giving an average annual incidence of 2.7 cases per 100 000 inhabitants, compared with 1.6 in France. An especially affected area was defined as the city of Dieppe and its surrounding area (26 cases, giving an annual incidence of 12 cases per 100 000). This outbreak was due to N. meningitidis phenotype B:14:P1.7,16 belonging to the clonal complex ST-32/ET-5. Over the 31 B14:P1.7,16 cases confirmed by phenotyping methods at the national reference centre for meningococci (CNR, Centre National de Référence des méningocoques) the case-fatality rate (19%) and the proportion of purpura fulminans (42%) were especially high. Teenagers aged between 15 and 19 years and children aged 1 to 9 years were the most affected. In 2003, health authorities put in place enhanced epidemiological surveillance and informed practitioners and population about the disease. In 2004, the national vaccination advisory board studied the opportunity of using a non licensed outer membrane vesicle vaccine developed in Norway which may be effective against the B14:P1.7,16 strain. The Ministry of health decided in 2006 to offer vaccination with this vaccine to people aged 1 to 19 years in Seine- Maritime.
Abstract 16616: Impact of Demographics and Risk Factors in PRoFESS: Focus on US Patients
Authors: Giora Davidai, Daniel Cotton, Jerome Ehrlich
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: The Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes (PRoFESS) trial randomized 20,332 pts within 120 days of a stroke to either a fixed-dose combination of aspirin and e...
ERGIC-53 gene structure and mutation analysis in 19 combined factors V and VIII deficiency families.
Authors: William C. Nichols, Valeri H. Terry, Matthew A. Wheatley, Angela Yang, Ariella Zivelin, Nicola Ciavarella, Caterina Stefanile, Tadashi Matsushita, Hidehiko Saito, Norma B. de Bosch, Arlette Ruiz-Saez, Argimiro Torres, Arthur R. Thompson, Donald I. Feinstein, Gilbert C. White, Claude Negrier, Christine Vinciguerra, Melih Aktan, Randal J. Kaufman, David Ginsburg, Uri Seligsohn
Journal: Blood (1999)
Selective deficits in visual perception and recognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Brian F. O'Donnell, Joan M. Swearer, Lloyd T. Smith, Paul G. Nestor, Martha E. Shenton, Robert W. McCarley
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of patients with schizophrenia on tests of visual discrimination and recognition of different stimulus features.Thirteen medicated male schizophrenic patients and 13 normal comparison subjects were tested on four stimulus features: spatial frequency, pattern, location, and trajectory. Subjects had to make both discrimination and recognition judgments at three levels of stimulus disparity.The responses of the patient group were slower and less accurate than those of the comparison group on both the discrimination and recognition tasks. The patients were less accurate than the comparison subjects in processing spatial features of the stimuli, particularly trajectory, but were unimpaired in processing form attributes (high spatial frequencies and patterns). When the results of pattern and trajectory tasks were matched against the accuracy performance of the comparison group, the patients were less accurate on trajectory than on pattern judgments and less accurate on recognition than on discrimination performance.Schizophrenia may be accompanied by impaired visual spatial perception and representation. In schizophrenia, deficits in trajectory discrimination may reflect a disturbance of the dorsal pathway of the visual system, while disturbances of trajectory recognition performance may reflect a deficit in prefrontal systems involved in visual working memory operations.
Abstract 3894: Inhibition of iNOS Uncoupling by Tetrahydrobiopterin Confers Cardioprotection through Protein <i>S-</i> Nitrosylation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat
Authors: Toru Okazaki, Hajime Otani, Koji Yamashita, Hiromi Jo, Kei Yoshioka, Akira Moriguchi, Toshiji Iwasaka
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Although expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and oxidative stress are increased in diabetic (DM) hearts, the role of iNOS uncoupling in ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury remains unknown. Because iNOS-derived NO is known to play a crucial role in cardioprotection against IR injury in non-DM hearts, we hypothesized that iNOS uncoupling may compromise tolerance to IR injury in the DM heart by decreasing the bioavailability of NO. The expression and activity of iNOS but not n/eNOS were increased in the streptozotocin-induced DM rat heart. Under Langendorff perfusion, superoxide generation as evaluated by dihydroethidium accumulation in the nucleus was significantly increased in cardiomyocytes of the DM heart, but it was inhibited by treatment with the NOS co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4; 10 μM) or an iNOS selective inhibitor 1400W (10 μM). BH4 increased NOx, a marker of NO bioavailability, and cGMP in the DM heart. The increase in cGMP by BH4 was abrogated by co-treatment with 1400W or a NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (10 μM). BH4 significantly decreased nitrotyrosin formation but increased protein S -nitrosylation in the DM heart. The increase in protein S -nitrosylation by BH4 was abolished by co-treatment with a thiol reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT; 5 mM). The isolated rat heart was subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by 120 min reperfusion. Post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and infarct size was comparable between the non-DM and the DM hearts. Pre-ischemic treatment with BH4 significantly improved post-ischemic LV function and reduced infarct size only in the DM heart. Co-treatment with BH4 and 1400W, ODQ, or DTT had no significant effect on post-ischemic LV function and infarct size in the non-DM heart. However, co-treatment with BH4 and 1400W or DTT but not ODQ abolished BH4-induced improvement of post-ischemic LV function and reduction of infarct size in the DM heart. These results suggest that inhibition of iNOS uncoupling by BH4 confers cardioprotection against IR injury in the streptozotocin-induced DM rat heart by increasing the bioavailability of NO and this cardioprotective effect is mediated by protein S -nitrosylation but not cGMP.