tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A commentary on “Machine learning based peri-surgical risk calculator for abdominal related emergency general surgery: A multicenter retrospective study”
Authors: Tianyang Mao, Xin Zhao, Qingyun Xie, Fengwei Gao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aNorth Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China bDepartment of Hepato-Pancreato-biliary Surgery,the People's Hospital of Leshan, Leshan, 614000, China cLiver Transplantation Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Liver Transplantation Center, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Gao). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Higher disease burden and lower utilization in mongolian with breast cancer: a 9-year retrospective cohort study of 18.19 million adults in China
Authors: Jieying Chen, Liying Qiao, Meng Qi, Yunjing Zhang, Ying Yan, Weiwei Kang, Huziwei Zhou, Yuelin Yu, Yalei Ke, Yuling Jiang, Yingting Rao, Lu Xu, Guohua He, Jing Ren, Xue Yan, Siwei Deng, Xinyu Yang, Yutong Song, Yingzi Yang, Qiaorui Wen, Jing Han, Yiwei Wu, Guozhen Liu, Mingyuan Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Yunfeng Xi, Shengfeng Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Whether health inequalities of disease burden and medical utilization exist by ethnicity in Asian breast cancer (BC) patients remains unclear. The authors aim to measure ethnic disparities in disease burden and utilization among Mongolian and Han female BC patients in China.
A commentary on “Moderate and severe exacerbations have a significant impact on health-related quality of life, utility, and lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis”
Authors: Xiuli Liu, Linru Song, Yuanyuan Wang, Yanqiu Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital,Yantai 264000,Shandong,China bDepartment of Respiratory Intensive Care Unite,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital,Yantai 264000,Shandong,China Co-authors: Xiuli Liu and Linru Song equally contributed to the article. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital,Yantai 264000,Shandong,China. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Li). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Resident tissue macrophages: Key coordinators of tissue homeostasis beyond immunity
Authors: Jia Zhao, Ilya Andreev, Hernandez Moura Silva
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune responses, and more recently their importance beyond host defense has started to be highlighted. Despite sharing a universal name and several canonical markers, RTMs perform remarkably specialized activities tailored to sustain critical homeostatic functions of the organs they reside in. These cells can mediate neuronal communication, participate in metabolic pathways, and secrete growth factors. In this Review, we summarize how the division of labor among different RTM subsets helps support tissue homeostasis. We discuss how the local microenvironment influences the development of RTMs, the molecular processes they support, and how dysregulation of RTMs can lead to disease. Last, we highlight both the similarities and tissue-specific distinctions of key RTM subsets, aiming to coalesce recent classifications and perspectives into a unified view.
NELL-1–associated membranous nephropathy linked to skin fairness cream use: insights from an Indian case series
Authors: Ranjit Narayanan, Sajeesh Sivadas, Anila Abraham Kurien
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

Neural epidermal growth factor-like protein 1 (NELL-1) is an autoantigen associated with both primary and secondary membranous nephropathy (MN) and is described with malignancy, autoimmune diseases, lipoic acid and traditional indigenous medicines (TIM).1-6
The Past, Present, and Future of Tubular Melt Electrowritten Constructs to Mimic Small Diameter Blood Vessels – A Stable Process?
Authors: Michael Bartolf‐Kopp, Tomasz Jungst
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Melt Electrowriting (MEW) is a continuously growing manufacturing platform. Its advantage is the consistent production of micro- to nanometer fibers, that stack intricately, forming complex geometrical shapes. MEW allows tuning of the mechanical properties of constructs via the geometry of deposited fibers. Due to this, MEW can create complex mechanics only seen in multi-material compounds and serve as guiding structures for cellular alignment. The advantage of MEW is also shown in combination with other biotechnological manufacturing methods to create multilayered constructs that increase mechanical approximation to native tissues, biocompatibility, and cellular response. These features make MEW constructs a perfect candidate for small-diameter vascular graft structures. Recently, studies have presented fascinating results in this regard, but is this truly the direction that tubular MEW will follow or are there also other options on the horizon? This perspective will explore the origins and developments of tubular MEW and present its growing importance in the field of artificial small-diameter vascular grafts with mechanical modulation and improved biomimicry and the impact of it in convergence with other manufacturing methods and how future technologies like AI may influence its progress.
Reply: Chronic hepatitis B baseline viral load and on-treatment liver cancer risk: A multinational cohort study of Patients with HBeAg-Positive
Authors: Won-Mook Choi, Young-Suk Lim
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Liver Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Republic of Korea Author's reply to the letter Correspondence Young-Suk Lim, Professor, Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea. Email: [email protected]
Reply: Endoscopy for potential variceal bleeding within 12 hours—Not so fast!
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, David E. Kaplan
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Yale University, New Haven, USA 2VA-CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA 3Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 4Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA US Abbreviations: None. Correspondence Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine (Digestive Diseases), P.O. Box 208019, New Haven, CT 06520-8019, United States. Email: [email protected]
Letter to the Editor: Chronic hepatitis B baseline viral load and on-treatment liver cancer risk—A multinational cohort study of HBeAg-positive patients
Authors: Taiyu He, Dazhi Zhang
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China Correspondence Dazhi Zhang, Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, No. 288, Tianwen Avenue, Chayuan, Nan'an District, Chongqing, China, 401336. Email: [email protected]
Non-invasive tests for alcohol-associated liver disease
Authors: Mads Israelsen, Wiramon Rungratanawanich, Maja Thiele, Suthat Liangpunsakul
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Alcohol consumption is a global phenomenon and a major contributor to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Detecting individuals at risk of ALD has been challenging, with only a small fraction of patients being identified at early stages compared to other chronic liver diseases. In response to this challenge, non-invasive tests (NITs) have become essential tools for the detection of ALD, offering opportunities for early identification and intervention to mitigate the disease burden. Noninvasive alcohol consumption biomarkers are crucial in estimating individuals’ recent alcohol intake, providing valuable insights into their drinking patterns. Various NITs have been investigated for the initial screening of asymptomatic individuals at risk of ALD, as well as for identifying specific stages of the disease. These NITs are applied in 2 main clinical scenarios: population-based stratification for identifying and predicting liver-related symptoms and diagnosing and prognosticating compensated cirrhosis or advanced chronic liver disease in secondary or tertiary care settings. Moreover, NITs play a significant role in the prognostic assessment of patients with various manifestations of ALD, including alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), decompensated cirrhosis, and metabolic-associated and ALD. These tests guide appropriate treatment decisions and predict outcomes. In this review, various NITs for the early detection and monitoring of alcohol consumption were discussed. Additionally, the evaluation of NITs for screening and predicting ALD and liver complications was addressed comprehensively. Future perspectives of NITs for ALD were explored, alongside a thorough discussion of the opportunities and challenges associated with NITs for ALD screening.
Nanofiber Peptides for Bacterial Trapping: A Novel Approach to Antibiotic Alternatives in Wound Infections
Authors: Hao Yang, Jiufeng Wang, Xue Wang, Siyu Wang, Jieru Xu, Qiang Shan, Jingyi Wang, Xi Ma, Yaohong Zhu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract The pervasive employment of antibiotics has engendered the advent of drug‐resistant bacteria, imperiling the well‐being and health of both humans and animals. Infections precipitated by such multi‐resistant bacteria, especially those induced by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pervade hospital settings, constituting a grave menace to patient vitality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered considerable attention as a potent countermeasure against multidrug resistant bacteria. In preceding research endeavors, an insect‐derived antimicrobial peptide is identified that, while possessing antimicrobial attributes, manifested suboptimal efficacy against drug‐resistant Gram‐positive bacteria. To ameliorate this issue, this work enhances the antimicrobial capabilities of the initial β‐hairpin AMPs by substituting the structural sequence of the original AMPs with variant lengths of hydrophobic amino acid‐hydrophilic amino acid repeat units. Throughout this endeavor, this work has identified a number of peptides that possess highly effective antibacterial characteristics against a wide range of bacteria. Additionally, some of these peptides have the ability to self‐assemble into nanofibers, which then build networks in a distinctive manner to capture bacteria. Consequently, they represent prospective antibiotic alternatives for addressing wound infections engendered by drug‐resistant bacteria.
Advisory Group recommendations on priorities for the IARC Monographs
Authors: Amy Berrington de González, Scott A Masten, Parveen Bhatti, Renée Turzanski Fortner, Susan Peters, Tiina Santonen, Marianna G Yakubovskaya, Robert Barouki, Silvia B M Barros, Dinesh Barupal, Laura E Beane Freeman, Gloria M Calaf, Joakim Dillner, Karima El Rhazi, Lin Fritschi, Shoji Fukushima, Lode Godderis, Manolis Kogevinas, Dirk W Lachenmeier, Daniele Mandrioli, Mazvita M Muchengeti, Richard T Niemeier, Jane J Pappas, Jingbo Pi, Mark P Purdue, Elio Riboli, Teresa Rodríguez, Vivi Schlünssen, Lamia Benbrahim-Tallaa, Aline de Conti, Caterina Facchin, Elisa Pasqual, Roland Wedekind, Ayat Ahmadi, Shirisha Chittiboyina, Zdenko Herceg, Shalini Kulasingam, Béatrice Lauby-Secretan, Richard MacLehose, Moez Sanaa, Joachim Schüz, Eero Suonio, Jiri Zavadil, Heidi Mattock, Federica Madia, Mary K Schubauer-Berigan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Vaccination Timeliness Among US Children Aged 0-19 Months, National Immunization Survey–Child 2011-2021
Authors: Sophia R. Newcomer, Sarah Y. Michels, Alexandria N. Albers, Rain E. Freeman, Jon M. Graham, Christina L. Clarke, Jason M. Glanz, Matthew F. Daley
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Delays in receiving vaccinations lead to greater vaccine-preventable disease risk. Timeliness of receipt of recommended vaccinations is not routinely tracked in the US, either overall or for populations that have known barriers to accessing routine health care, including lower-income families and children. Objective To measure vaccination timeliness among US children aged 0 to 19 months, overall and by socioeconomic indicators. Design, Setting, and Participants This serial, cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative data from the 2011 to 2021 National Immunization Survey–Child (NIS-Child), an annual survey of parents, with immunization histories collected from clinicians administering vaccines. The 2020 and 2021 surveys largely reflected vaccinations in the US before the COVID-19 pandemic. Study participants included US children surveyed at ages 19 to 35 months. Data were analyzed from January to August 2023. Exposure Survey year. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were average days undervaccinated (ADU) and percentage of children who received all vaccine doses on time (ie, 0 days undervaccinated) for the combined 7-vaccine series up to age 19 months. The mean adjusted annual change in on-time vaccination by socioeconomic indicators was calculated by use of multivariable log-linked binomial regression models. Results The surveys included 179 154 children (92 248 boys [51.2%]); 74 479 (31.4%, weighted) lived above the federal poverty level with more than $75 000 in annual family income, 58 961 (32.4%) lived at or above the poverty level with $75 000 or less in annual family income, and 39 564 (30.2%) lived below the poverty level. Overall, the median (IQR) ADU for the combined 7-vaccine series in the US decreased from 22.3 (0.4-71.5) days in the 2011 survey to 11.9 (0.0-55.5) days in the 2021 survey. The prevalence of on-time receipt of the combined 7-vaccine series increased from 22.5% (95% CI, 21.4%-23.6%) to 35.6% (95% CI, 34.2%-37.0%). Although children with more than $75 000 in annual family income had a 4.6% (95% CI, 4.0%-5.2%) mean annual increase in on-time vaccination, the mean annual increase was 2.8% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.6%) for children living at or above the poverty level with $75 000 or less in annual family income and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.0%-3.0%) for children living below the poverty level. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of NIS-Child data, improvements in vaccination timeliness were observed from the 2011 to the 2021 survey. However, widening disparities by socioeconomic indicators signal that increased efforts to facilitate timely vaccination among children in lower-income families are needed.
Remote Monitoring and Data Collection for Decentralized Clinical Trials
Authors: Bobby Daly, Otis W. Brawley, Mary K. Gospodarowicz, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Lola Fashoyin-Aje, Victoria Wolodzko Smart, I-Fen Chang, Craig L. Tendler, Geoffrey Kim, Charles S. Fuchs, Muhammad Shaalan Beg, Lianshan Zhang, Jeffrey J. Legos, Cristina Ortega Duran, Chitkala Kalidas, Jing Qian, Justin Finnegan, Piotr Pilarski, Harriet Keane, Johanna Shen, Amy Silverstein, Yi-Long Wu, Richard Pazdur, Bob T. Li
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Less than 5% of patients with cancer enroll in a clinical trial, partly due to financial and logistic burdens, especially among underserved populations. The COVID-19 pandemic marked a substantial shift in the adoption of decentralized trial operations by pharmaceutical companies. Objective To assess the current global state of adoption of decentralized trial technologies, understand factors that may be driving or preventing adoption, and highlight aspirations and direction for industry to enable more patient-centric trials. Design, Setting, and Participants The Bloomberg New Economy International Cancer Coalition, composed of patient advocacy, industry, government regulator, and academic medical center representatives, developed a survey directed to global biopharmaceutical companies of the coalition from October 1 through December 31, 2022, with a focus on registrational clinical trials. The data for this survey study were analyzed between January 1 and 31, 2023. Exposure Adoption of decentralized clinical trial technologies. Main Outcomes and Measures The survey measured (1) outcomes of different remote monitoring and data collection technologies on patient centricity, (2) adoption of these technologies in oncology and all therapeutic areas, and (3) barriers and facilitators to adoption using descriptive statistics. Results All 8 invited coalition companies completed the survey, representing 33% of the oncology market by revenues in 2021. Across nearly all technologies, adoption in oncology trials lags that of all trials. In the current state, electronic diaries and electronic clinical outcome assessments are the most used technology, with a mean (SD) of 56% (19%) and 51% (29%) adoption for all trials and oncology trials, respectively, whereas visits within local physician networks is the least adopted at a mean (SD) of 12% (18%) and 7% (9%), respectively. Looking forward, the difference between the current and aspired adoption rate in 5 years for oncology is large, with respondents expecting a 40% or greater absolute adoption increase in 8 of the 11 technologies surveyed. Furthermore, digitally enabled recruitment, local imaging capabilities, and local physician networks were identified as technologies that could be most effective for improving patient centricity in the long term. Conclusions and Relevance These findings may help to galvanize momentum toward greater adoption of enabling technologies to support a new paradigm of trials that are more accessible, less burdensome, and more inclusive.
Semaglutide vs Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty for Weight Loss
Authors: Muhammad Haseeb, Jagpreet Chhatwal, Jade Xiao, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Obesity is a disease with a large socioeconomic burden. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive endoscopic bariatric procedure with wide global adoption. More recently, new weight-loss medications, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (eg, semaglutide), have attracted increased attention due to their efficacy. However, their cost-effectiveness over an extended period compared with ESG is a critical gap that needs to be better explored for informed health care decision-making. Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of semaglutide compared with ESG over 5 years for individuals with class II obesity. Design, Setting, and Participants This economic evaluation study, conducted from September 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023, used a Markov cohort model to compare ESG and semaglutide, with a no-treatment baseline strategy. The study comprised adult patients in the US health care system with class II obesity (body mass index [BMI] of 35-39.9). The base case was a 45-year-old patient with class II obesity (BMI of 37). Patients undergoing ESG were subjected to risks of perioperative mortality and adverse events with resultant costs and decrement in quality of life. Interventions Strategies included treatment with semaglutide and ESG. Main Outcomes and Measures Costs (2022 US dollars), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100 000/QALY. A 5-year time horizon with a cycle length of 1 month with a 3% discount rate was used. Probabilities, costs, and quality-of-life estimates of the model were derived from published literature. One-way, 2-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results The model found that ESG was more cost-effective than semaglutide over a 5-year time horizon, with an ICER of –$595 532/QALY. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty added 0.06 QALYs and reduced total cost by $33 583 relative to semaglutide. The results remained robust on 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty sustained greater weight loss over 5 years vs semaglutide (BMI of 31.7 vs 33.0). To achieve nondominance, the annual price of semaglutide, currently $13 618, would need to be $3591. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that ESG is cost saving compared with semaglutide in the treatment of class II obesity. On price threshold analyses, a 3-fold decrease in the price of semaglutide is needed to achieve nondominance.
Spousal Cardiovascular Events and Onset of Depression—A New Perspective From the Family Level
Authors: Chen Huang, Yongfu Yu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

In recent years, depression has become a global challenge, with its prevalence steadily on the rise. 1 This escalating trend underscores the need to elucidate the risk factors for depression, aiming to effectively curb its pervasive impact on individuals' quality of life.The intricate relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression has been an increasingly scrutinized area of research, shedding light on the multifaceted impact of health conditions on mental well-being.While extensive studies have elucidated the individual-level associations between CVD and depression, 2 a critical gap persists in understanding interpersonal dynamics, particularly within the family unit.In this study, Komura and colleagues 3 conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort analysis using a nationwide claims database in Japan to explore the intricate associations between spouse's cardiovascular event and individual's depression.Addressing a gap in understanding interpersonal
Cumulative methotrexate dose is not associated with liver fibrosis in patients with a history of moderate-to-severe psoriasis
Authors: Parastoo Babakinejad, Rebecca Lapsley, Lara Forster, Stuart McPherson, Mark S Pearce, Nick J Reynolds, Emma Slack, Sophie C Weatherhead, Philip J Hampton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

There are established risk factors for liver fibrosis (LF), but data on the impact of methotrexate on LF in patients with psoriasis are lacking.