tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Refining the diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder
Authors: M Beiser, J A Fleming, W G Iacono, T Y Lin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Schizophreniform disorder, a potentially useful construct, is difficult to operationalize either for clinical or research purposes. According to DSM-III-R, schizophreniform disorder is descriptively identical to schizophrenia, differing only in duration of symptoms. This study suggests several features that, at initial examination, differentiate schizophreniform disorder from schizophrenia, such as higher DSM-III axis V ratings, lack of flattened affect, and better rapport with the examiner. The data suggest that when defined according to appropriate clinical criteria, schizophreniform disorder can be distinguished from either schizophrenia or affective disorder.
Prescribing exercise in primary care: Ten practical steps on how to do it
Authors: Karim M. Khan, Richard Weller, Steven N. Blair
Journal: BMJ (2011)

blogs at bmj.com/blogs Secondly, agreement is needed on how to cost and value the immediate and longer term health benefits of mitigating climate change. The multiple health benefits of reducing carbon emissions and their effect on the economy are yet to be systematically captured and valued. The importance of doing this was recognised in the Stern review.12 Designing and agreeing systematic measures of the health benefits of taking action requires interdisciplinary collaboration between health professionals, economists, and climate change scientists. It also involves interagency collaboration between the Department of Energy and Climate Change; the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; the Department of Health; and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence to ensure that this is done in rigorous ways that benefit patients, the public, and future generations. These methods need to quantify the multiple benefits in ways that stimulate action from all parts of the global health system, from local nurses and doctors to global drug companies. 1 Costello A, Abbas M, Allen A, Ball S, Bell S, Bellamy R, et al. Managing the health effects of climate change. Lancet 2009;373:1693-733. 2 Jarvis L, Montgomery H, Morisetti N, Gilmore I. Climate change, ill health, and conflict. BMJ 2011;342: dl819. 3 Gilding P. The great disruption: how the climate crisis will transform the global economy. Bloomsbury, 2011. 4 Griffiths J, Rao M. Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. BMJ 2009;339;b4952. 5 Roberts I, Edwards P. The energy glut: the politics of fatness in an overheating world. Zen Books, 2010. 6 Zander A, NiggebruggeA, Pencheon D, LyratzopoulosG. Changes in travel-related carbon emissions associated with modernization of services for patients with acute myocardial infarction: a case study. J Public Health 2011;33:272-9. 7 Connor A, Mortimer F, Higgins R. The follow-up of renal transplant recipients by telephone consultation: three years experience from a single UK renal unit. Clin Med 2011;11:242-6. 8 NHS Sustainable Development Unit, Forum forthe Future. Fitforthe Future. Scenarios for low-carbon healthcare 2030. Cambridge: 2009. 9 HM Treasury. The green book. 2011.www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/ data_greenbook_index.htm. 10 Atkinson S, Ingham J, Cheshire M, Went S. Defining quality and quality improvement. Clin Med 2010;10:537-9. 11 World Bank. Data. 2009. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/. 12 Stern N. Stern review on the economics of climate change. 2006. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http:/www.
Highlights of the 2006 Scientific Sessions of the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology
Authors: Jeroen J. Bax, Brian G. Abbott, Robert S. Beanlands, Frank Bengel, Daniel S. Berman, Ernest V. Garcia, Robert C. Hendel, Jennifer H. Mieres, Leslee J. Shaw, Frans J. Th. Wackers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Jack D. Sobel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In a prospective, placebo-controlled study, 74 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis were treated with oral ketoconazole (400 mg daily for two weeks) and were then randomly assigned to receive placebo (Group A), prophylactic ketoconazole, 400 mg daily for five days beginning with the onset of menses for six menstrual cycles (Group B), or low-dose ketoconazole, 100 mg daily for six months (Group C). Within a six-month follow-up period, 15 of 21 women (71.4 percent) treated with placebo had symptomatic recurrence of candidal vaginitis. In contrast, candidal vaginitis recurred in 6 of 21 (28.6 percent) and in 1 of 21 (4.8 percent) women in Groups B and C (P<0.01; P<0.001). After the prophylaxis was discontinued, the recurrence rates of candidal vaginitis were high in women in Groups B and C. At the end of 12 months of follow-up, 23.8 percent of the women in Group A remained asymptomatic and attack-free, in contrast to 42.9 percent of the women in Group B (P>0.05) and 52.4 percent in Group C (P<0.05). It appears that maintenance prophylactic therapy with oral ketoconazole is effective in preventing recurrent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis, but that relapse is common after withdrawal of the drug. Because of the risk of hepatotoxicity, caution is essential in selecting patients for long-term ketoconazole therapy and in following patients undergoing such treatment. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:1455–8.)
Combined Free Light Chains Are Novel Predictors of Prognosis in Heart Failure
Authors: Colette E. Jackson, Caroline Haig, Paul Welsh, Jonathan R. Dalzell, Ioannis K. Tsorlalis, Alex McConnachie, David Preiss, Iain B. McInnes, Naveed Sattar, Mark C. Petrie, Roy S. Gardner, John J.V. McMurray
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2015)
Abstract 2576: Atrial Strain Imaging of Pulmonary Veins in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Dan Musat, Jorge Silva Enciso, Emad F Aziz, Donna MacMillian, Danny Pudpud, Aysha Arshad, Suneet Mittal, Farooq A Chaudhry, Jonathan S Steinberg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Pulmonary veins (PVs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of the atrial fibrillation (AF). The function of the PV had been evaluated indirectly by assessment of their flow using ...
The role of social relationships in the recovery from psychotic disorders
Authors: Alan Breier, John S. Strauss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

Little attention outside the therapeutic setting has been given to specifying the aspects of social relationships that might be helpful for patients recovering from psychotic episodes. The authors studied 20 patients who had been hospitalized for a psychotic episode for 1 year following discharge to examine the role their social relationships played during this period. The data show that 12 functions of social relationships were important and that there were two phases of social needs--convalescence and rebuilding--over the recovery period. The authors discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of these findings.
Abstract P86: Eye Tracking Identifies Cognitive Deficiencies in Central Line Placement: Implications for Resuscitation Training
Authors: Gregory Christiansen, Paul Wetzel, Carl Chafin, Michael Czekajlo, Joseph Ornato, Kevin Ward
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: The IOM and Flexner reports document suboptimal healthcare delivery traceable to deficiencies in medical education. Few tools exist to allow objective monitoring of trainee cognition ...
Abstract 2139: Pregnancy-related Hospitalizations Among Women With Congenital Heart Disease In California: A Population-based Analysis
Authors: Michelle Gurvitz, Karen K Stout, Mary Canobbio, Andrea Richardson, Ruey Kang Chang
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objective: To evaluate pregnancy-related hospitalizations of women with congenital heart disease (CHD) in California Background: It is recommended that women with complex CHD receive specialty care during pregnancy. There is a perception that these women require cesarean section (CS) for cardiac reasons, but hemodynamic changes are often less with a vaginal delivery. There are no population based studies evaluating pregnancy in CHD. Methods: California hospital discharge data from the years 2000–2003 were analyzed. Subjects were chosen by age (12–44 years), diagnosis code for CHD and diagnosis or procedure code related to pregnancy. Among the hospitals, there were 7 self-identified specialized adult CHD centers. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the population by age, CHD diagnosis (complex or non-complex), insurance, hospital (adult CHD center or not), and outcome (delivery, ante-partum, post-partum condition). Multivariate regression was used to determine predictors for CS. Results: There were 1032 hospitalizations among women age 14–44 years (mean 27.7 years). Hospitalizations occurred at 210 different hospitals, with only 14% at the 7 adult CHD centers. CHD diagnoses were complex in 52% and non-complex in 48%. Among the hospitalization outcomes, 77% were deliveries (66% vaginal, 34% CS), 2% abortive and 21% ante or post partum conditions. CS rates were not statistically different between CHD centers (32%) and non-centers (34%) but were higher than the general population (21%). Women with complex CHD were more likely to have a CS (p=0.005) or an abortive outcome (p&lt;0.001) than those with non-complex CHD. Women with complex CHD were less likely to have a CS at an adult CHD center than those women delivered at non-CHD centers (p=0.005). In regression analyses, complex CHD was the only variable associated with CS. Conclusion: Most data on pregnancy in CHD are from single center studies, however, the majority of women with CHD delivered at non-CHD centers. Overall pregnancy outcomes did not appear different by hospital type, but the rates of CS in women with complex CHD suggests specialty care may affect mode of delivery. Understanding of the outcomes of pregnancy in women with CHD would be enhanced by detailed population-based studies.
Abstract B111: Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications
Authors: Jason W. Hoskins, Abdisamad Ibrahim, Mickey Emmanuel, Hemang Parikh, Jinping Jia, Irene Collins, Kris Ylaya, Sean F. Altekruse, Stephen M. Hewitt, Gloria M. Petersen, Laufey T. Amundadottir
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer conducted within the NCI Cohort Consortium (PanScan I and II) identified pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1q32.1/NR5A2, 5p15.33/CLPTM1L/TERT, 9q34.2/ABO, and 13q22.1. The most significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified on 13q22.1, rs9543325, lies in a 600 kb gene desert; the nearest genes are KLF5, KLF12, PIBF1, DIS3, and BORA (265–586 kb). Imputation using the 1000 Genomes and DCEG reference datasets did not improve the GWAS signal, but produced a set of highly correlated SNPs for functional follow-up. We performed eQTL analysis to test for association between the genotypes of these functional candidate variants and expression of nearby genes. Among 100 normal derived pancreatic tissue samples, DIS3 expression showed the strongest association with a novel 30 bp indel variant in the risk locus (P = 4.0 × 104), indicating risk alleles associate with reduced DIS3 expression. Mutations in DIS3 have previously been identified in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, and its expression has been correlated with metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, suggesting DIS3 is relevant to cancer biology. Chromosome conformation capture identified a physical interaction between the indel-containing locus and a region near the DIS3 promoter. Luciferase assay for regulatory function of this indel-containing locus revealed allele-specific silencer activity for the insertion allele. Supershift electromobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated binding of LEF1 specifically to the insertion allele of the indel, which contains two in silico predicted LEF1 binding elements. Finally, through immunohistochemical analysis, high DIS3 protein levels associated with better survival for pancreatic cancer patients (hazard ratio = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.49–5.53, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that at least one target gene for the pancreatic cancer risk variants on chr13q22.1 may be DIS3, and that the underlying biology may be mediated by the novel indel through a long-range repressive effect on DIS3 expression. Citation Format: Jason W. Hoskins, Abdisamad Ibrahim, Mickey Emmanuel, Hemang Parikh, Jinping Jia, Irene Collins, Kris Ylaya, Sean F. Altekruse, Stephen M. Hewitt, Gloria M. Petersen, Laufey T. Amundadottir. Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B111.
Abstract 15750: Identification of Human Circulating Lymphatic Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Blood
Authors: Young-Doug Sohn, Shin-Jeong Lee, Ji-Woong Han, Jaemin Byun, Sang-Ho Lee, Woansang Kim, Eunhye Lee, Young-Sup Yoon
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background- Emerging evidence has suggested a contribution of bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) cells to lymphatic vessel formation. Although we recently reported identity of lymphatic end...
Abstract 2145: Two and Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Visualization of Early Arterial Atheroma In Vivo Using Targeted Echogenic Immunoliposomes
Authors: Hyunggun Kim, Susan T Laing, ShaoLing Huang, Janet Martinez, Bonnie J Kane, Devang Parikh, Melvin E Klegerman, Robert C MacDonald, David D McPherson
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Benefits of Statins in Elderly Subjects Without Established Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gianluigi Savarese, Antonio M. Gotto, Stefania Paolillo, Carmen D'Amore, Teresa Losco, Francesca Musella, Oriana Scala, Caterina Marciano, Donatella Ruggiero, Fabio Marsico, Giuseppe De Luca, Bruno Trimarco, Pasquale Perrone-Filardi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 1776: Mammalian Sterile 20 Like Kinase 1 (Mst1) is an Endogenous Negative Regulator of Autophagy in the Heart
Authors: Shiori Kyoi, Soichiro Usui, Nirmala Hariharan, Hiromitsu Takagi, Tetsuro Ago, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Abstract 19089: Clinical and Echocardiographic Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jeonggeun Moon, Chi Young Shim, Jong-Won Ha, In Jeong Cho, Woo-In Yang, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung, Seung-Yun Cho
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Although apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) has been generally considered a benign disease, recent studies have reported that it is less benign than previously known. However, t...
Abstract 2861: Amiodarone, in Contrast to Sotalol, Equally Decreases Epicardial and Endocardial Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility, Despite a Steep Transmural Concentration Gradient
Authors: Robert W Bolderman, Rob J Hermans, Leonard M Rademakers, Tim S Jansen, Frederik H van der Veen, Jos G Maessen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Amiodarone causes less ventricular transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) and proarrhythmia than sotalol. Effects of both drugs on atrial TDR, however, have not yet been well defined. We applied intrapericardial (IPC) drug delivery to produce in vivo transmural concentration gradients. We assessed the hypotheses that IPC amiodarone causes less atrial TDR than IPC sotalol and that IPC amiodarone is more effective than IPC sotalol in lowering atrial fibrillation (AF) inducibility. Methods: Goats (n = 25) were randomised into 5 groups receiving either IPC dextrose, amiodarone (IV or IPC) or d,l-sotalol (IV or IPC). Drugs were infused for 3 hours at a constant rate of 2 mg/kg per hour. Quadripolar catheters were placed on the epi- and endocardial surfaces of the right atrium. Atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF inducibility were measured by single premature stimuli at 4 times the diastolic threshold. Atria were freeze-microtomed parallel to the epicardial surface and analysed by HPLC. Results: IPC drug delivery produced high epicardial concentrations (fig.1a ) with significantly decreased epicardial AF inducibility. A similar decrease in endocardial AF inducibility was only observed in the IPC amiodarone group (fig.1b ). TDR (defined as endo-minus epicardial AERP) became negative after IPC sotalol (from 13.0 ± 3.2 to -30.7 ± 7.3 ms, p &lt; 0.05). In the other groups TDR did not change significantly and remained positive. Conclusions: IPC delivery boosts epicardial drug concentration and efficacy. For amiodarone, this also increases endocardial efficacy. IPC sotalol, however, inverts TDR, which may explain its inferior endocardial efficacy. Figure 1a. Concentrations in right atrium (mean + SD) Figure 1b. Chang in AF inducibility (mean + SD)
Abstract 13767: Development of a Long-Term Superficial Device for Partial Circulatory Support
Authors: Robert D Dowling, Paul Spence, Eric Gratz, Gerd Spanier, Thorsten Siess, Guruprasad Giridharan, Steven Koenig
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: We have developed a circulatory support device (Symphony) that is placed with a minor operation and provides synchronous, partial circulatory support. Potential advantages include: 1) a...
Use of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Management of Low-Risk Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
Authors: Adrienne Showler, Lisa Burry, Anthony D Bai, Marilyn Steinberg, Daniel R Ricciuto, Tania Fernandes, Anna Chiu, Sumit Raybardhan, Michelle Science, Eshan Fernando, Chaim M Bell, Andrew M Morris
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2015)
Abstract B119: Triptolide abrogates expression of the Met and epidermal growth factor receptors in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Veena Sangwan, Kelsey M. Jensen, Vikas Dudeja, Rohit Chugh, Sulagna Banerjee, Selwyn M. Vickers, Morag Park, Ashok K. Saluja
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Background: Minnelide, a pro-drug of the Chinese herb triptolide, is currently in Phase I clinical trials against pancreatic cancer. Preclinical studies with Minnelide have demonstrated its efficacy in preventing tumor formation and causing tumor regression in multiple animal models of pancreatic cancer. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Pancreatic cancer cells overexpress several receptor tyrosine kinases including the Met and EGF receptors which drive proliferation, migration and invasion of these cells. Here, using human pancreatic cancer cells as well as the KRasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre (KPC) animal model, we show the ability of triptolide, or its water soluble pro-drug, Minnelide, to down-regulate the Met and EGF receptors, both in vitro and in vivo. Methods:Pancreatic cancer cells were treated with triptolide for varying times (0-24h) and receptor levels evaluated using western blotting or confocal microscopy. The KPC mouse model recapitulates human disease progression and is therefore the most relevant model for chemotherapeutic drug testing. KPC animals, which spontaneously form pancreatic tumors, were treated with Minnelide for one week and tumors harvested. mRNA expression was analyzed using real time PCR and protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Treatment with triptolide causes an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation at earlier time points (0.5 - 6h), accompanied by an increase in levels of the Met and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases. However, longer treatments (12-24h) resulted in marked decrease in levels of both Met and EGF receptors. Further investigation using tumors from KPC animals treated with Minnelide show a decrease in gene expression of both the Met and EGF receptors compared with tumors from saline injected animals. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections from these tumors show a decrease in levels of the Met receptor. Conclusion: Treatment of cells or KPC pancreatic tumor bearing animals with triptolide or Minnelide leads to decreased expression of the Met and EGF receptor tyrosine kinases. These results lend further insight into the mechanism of action of Minnelide, a pro-drug currently in clinical trials against pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Veena Sangwan, Kelsey M. Jensen, Vikas Dudeja, Rohit Chugh, Sulagna Banerjee, Selwyn M. Vickers, Morag Park, Ashok K. Saluja. Triptolide abrogates expression of the Met and epidermal growth factor receptors in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B119.
Melancholic/endogenous depression and response to somatic treatment and placebo
Authors: E D Peselow, M P Sanfilipo, C Difiglia, R R Fieve
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors' goals were to examine the effects of somatic treatment and placebo in patients with and without endogenous/melancholic depression.Before entry into one of four trials of antidepressant drugs versus placebo, 231 patients were assessed as to whether they met Research Diagnostic Criteria for definite endogenous depression and/or DSM-III criteria for major depressive episode with melancholia. These patients were prospectively assessed for subsequent response to antidepressant treatment or placebo. Previous studies of the effect of endogenous/melancholic depression on treatment response were also reviewed.Of the 76 patients with DSM-III melancholia given active medication, 41 (54%) had a complete or partial response, but only 10 (23%) of the 44 patients with melancholia given placebo had a complete or partial response. Of the 76 depressed patients without melancholia given active medication, 46 (61%) had a complete or partial response, and 15 (43%) of the 35 depressed patients without melancholia given placebo had a complete or partial response. Moderately depressed patients with DSM-III melancholia had a significantly better response to active medication than did severely depressed patients with melancholia and showed the greatest difference between response to active medication and response to placebo. The results of the review of previous studies of the effect of endogenous/melancholic depression on treatment response were mixed.Depressed patients with melancholia were not particularly different from depressed patients without melancholia in their responses to antidepressant medication but did differ from patients without melancholia in their responses to active medication versus placebo, particularly if their depression was moderate and not severe. This suggests that patients with DSM-III melancholia may be unresponsive to nonsomatic treatments.
Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Laurent Servais, Geneviève Aubert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Two films, presented in 1910 by A. Van Gehuchten during a lecture on myopathies, show one boy with muscle enlargement and a second boy exhibiting Gowers' sign. The films show maneuvers still used today to measure response in gene-therapy trials for Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.