tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologic prevention and therapy of postoperative paralytic ileus after gastrointestinal cancer surgery – systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martin Reichert, Franziska Willis, Stefan Post, Martin Schneider, Tim Vilz, Maria Willis, Andreas Hecker
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Postoperative paralytic ileus (POI) is a significant concern following gastrointestinal tumor surgery. Effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are crucial but remain elusive. Current evidence from randomized-controlled trials on pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of POI are systematically reviewed to guide clinical practice and future research. Materials and Methods: Literature was systematically searched for prospective randomized-controlled trials testing pharmacological interventions for prevention or treatment of POI after gastrointestinal tumor surgery. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to determine risk ratios and mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed. Results: Results from 55 studies, involving 5078 patients who received experimental interventions, indicate that approaches of opioid-sparing analgesia, peripheral opioid antagonism, reduction of sympathetic hyperreactivity, and early use of laxatives effectively prevent POI. Perioperative oral Alvimopan or intravenous administration of Lidocaine or Dexmedetomidine, while safe regarding cardio-pulmonary complications, demonstrated effectiveness concerning various aspects of postoperative bowel recovery (Lidocaine: -5.97 [-7.20 – -4.74]h, P &lt;0.0001; Dexmedetomidine: -13.00 [-24.87 – -1.14]h, P =0.03 for time to first defecation; Alvimopan: -15.33 [-21.22 – -9.44]h, P &lt;0.0001 for time to GI-2 ) and length of hospitalization (Lidocaine: -0.67 [-1.24 – -0.09]d, P =0.02; Dexmedetomidine: -1.28 [-1.96 – -0.60]d, P =0.0002; Alvimopan: -0.58 [-0.84 – -0.32]d, P &lt;0.0001) across wide ranges of evidence quality. Perioperative non-opioid analgesic use showed efficacy concerning bowel recovery as well as length of hospitalization (-1.29 [-1.95 – -0.62]d, P =0.0001). Laxatives showed efficacy regarding bowel movements, but not food tolerance and hospitalization. Evidence supporting pharmacological treatment for clinically evident POI is limited. Results from one single study suggest that Neostigmine reduces time to flatus and accelerates bowel movements (-37.06 [-40.26 – -33.87]h, P &lt;0.0001 and -42.97 [-47.60 – -38.35]h, P &lt;0.0001, respectively) with low evidence quality. Conclusion: Current evidence concerning pharmacological prevention and treatment of POI following gastrointestinal tumor surgery is limited. Opioid-sparing concepts, reduction of sympathetic hyperreactivity, and laxatives should be implemented into multimodal perioperative approaches.
Comment on Kutz et al. Comparative Cardiovascular Effectiveness and Safety of SGLT-2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, and DPP-4 Inhibitors According to Frailty in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023;46:2004–2014
Authors: Giuseppe Maltese, Alan J. Sinclair
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)
Comment on Umapathysivam et al. Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Two Patients Without Diabetes After Introduction of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Diabetes Care 2024;47:140–143
Authors: Yasuto Nakasone, Koh Yamashita, Toru Aizawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)
Comment on Umapathysivam et al. Euglycemic Ketoacidosis in Two Patients Without Diabetes After Introduction of Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Diabetes Care 2024;47:140–143
Authors: Foussard Ninon, Larroumet Alice, Barbet-Massin Marie-Amélie, Blanco Laurence, Mohammedi Kamel, Couffinhal Thierry, Fawaz Sami, Pucheu Yann, Rigalleau Vincent
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)
Response to Comment on Zuraikat et al. Chronic Insufficient Sleep in Women Impairs Insulin Sensitivity Independent of Adiposity Changes: Results of a Randomized Trial. Diabetes Care 2024;47:117–125
Authors: Marie-Pierre St-Onge, Faris M. Zuraikat, Blandine Laferrère, Sanja Jelic, Brooke Aggarwal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)
Association of State Insulin Out-of-Pocket Caps With Insulin Cost-Sharing and Use Among Commercially Insured Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Laura F. Garabedian, Fang Zhang, Rebecca Costa, Stephanie Argetsinger, Dennis Ross-Degnan, J. Frank Wharam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Twenty-five states have implemented insulin out-of-pocket (OOP) cost caps, but their effectiveness is uncertain.
Oncolytic varicella-zoster virus engineered with ORF8 deletion and armed with drug-controllable interleukin-12
Authors: Haifei Jiang, Rebecca Nace, Talia Fernandez Carrasco, Lianwen Zhang, Kah Whye Peng, Stephen J Russell
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), belonging to the group of human α-herpesviruses, has yet to be developed as a platform for oncolytic virotherapy, despite indications from clinical case reports suggesting a potential association between VZV infection and cancer remission. Methods Here, we constructed oncolytic VZV candidates based on the vaccine strain vOka and the laboratory strain Ellen. These newly engineered viruses were subsequently assessed for their oncolytic properties in the human MeWo melanoma xenograft model and the mouse B16-F10-nectin1 melanoma syngeneic model. Results In the MeWo xenograft model, both vOka and Ellen exhibited potent antitumor efficacy. However, it was observed that introducing a hyperfusogenic mutation into glycoprotein B led to a reduction in VZV’s effectiveness. Notably, the deletion of ORF8 (encodes viral deoxyuridine triphosphatase) attenuated the replication of VZV both in vitro and in vivo, but it did not compromise VZV’s oncolytic potency. We further armed the VZV Ellen-ΔORF8 vector with a tet-off controlled mouse single-chain IL12 (scIL12) gene cassette. This augmented virus was validated for its oncolytic activity and triggered systemic antitumor immune responses in the immunocompetent B16-F10-nectin1 model. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of using Ellen-ΔORF8-tet-off-scIL12 as a novel VZV-based oncolytic virotherapy.
Reply to Yudai Ishiyama and Fumihiko Urabe’s Letter to the Editor re: Kosuke Takemura, Audreylie Lemelin, Matthew S. Ernst, et al. Outcomes of Patients with Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma Receiving First-line Therapies: Results from the International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.01.006
Authors: Kosuke Takemura, Takeshi Yuasa, Toni K. Choueiri, Daniel Y.C. Heng
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Plug-and-Play latent feature editing for orientation-adaptive quantitative susceptibility mapping neural networks
Authors: Yang Gao, Zhuang Xiong, Shanshan Shan, Yin Liu, Pengfei Rong, Min Li, Alan H. Wilman, G. Bruce Pike, Feng Liu, Hongfu Sun
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2024)

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique for deriving tissue magnetic susceptibility distribution from MRI phase measurements. Deep learning (DL) algorithms hold great potential for solving the ill-posed QSM reconstruction problem. However, a significant challenge facing current DL-QSM approaches is their limited adaptability to magnetic dipole field orientation variations during training and testing. In this work, we propose a novel Orientation-Adaptive Latent Feature Editing (OA-LFE) module to learn the encoding of acquisition orientation vectors and seamlessly integrate them into the latent features of deep networks. Importantly, it can be directly Plug-and-Play (PnP) into various existing DL-QSM architectures, enabling reconstructions of QSM from arbitrary magnetic dipole orientations. Its effectiveness is demonstrated by combining the OA-LFE module into our previously proposed phase-to-susceptibility single-step instant QSM (iQSM) network, which was initially tailored for pure-axial acquisitions. The proposed OA-LFE-empowered iQSM, which we refer to as iQSM+, is trained in a simulated-supervised manner on a specially-designed simulation brain dataset. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on simulated and in vivo human brain datasets, encompassing subjects ranging from healthy individuals to those with pathological conditions. These experiments involve various MRI platforms (3T and 7T) and aim to compare our proposed iQSM+ against several established QSM reconstruction frameworks, including the original iQSM. The iQSM+ yields QSM images with significantly improved accuracies and mitigates artifacts, surpassing other state-of-the-art DL-QSM algorithms. The PnP OA-LFE module's versatility was further demonstrated by its successful application to xQSM, a distinct DL-QSM network for dipole inversion. In conclusion, this work introduces a new DL paradigm, allowing researchers to develop innovative QSM methods without requiring a complete overhaul of their existing architectures.
The future of psychological treatments: The Marburg Declaration
Authors: Winfried Rief, Gordon J.G. Asmundson, Richard A. Bryant, David M. Clark, Anke Ehlers, Emily A. Holmes, Richard J. McNally, Carmem B. Neufeld, Sabine Wilhelm, Adam C. Jaroszewski, Max Berg, Anke Haberkamp, Stefan G. Hofmann
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2024)

Although psychological treatments are broadly recognized as evidence-based interventions for various mental disorders, challenges remain. For example, a substantial proportion of patients receiving such treatments do not fully recover, and many obstacles hinder the dissemination, implementation, and training of psychological treatments. These problems require those in our field to rethink some of our basic models of mental disorders and their treatments, and question how research and practice in clinical psychology should progress. To answer these questions, a group of experts of clinical psychology convened at a Think-Tank in Marburg, Germany, in August 2022 to review the evidence and analyze barriers for current and future developments. After this event, an overview of the current state-of-the-art was drafted and suggestions for improvements and specific recommendations for research and practice were integrated. Recommendations arising from our meeting cover further improving psychological interventions through translational approaches, improving clinical research methodology, bridging the gap between more nomothetic (group-oriented) studies and idiographic (person-centered) decisions, using network approaches in addition to selecting single mechanisms to embrace the complexity of clinical reality, making use of scalable digital options for assessments and interventions, improving the training and education of future psychotherapists, and accepting the societal responsibilities that clinical psychology has in improving national and global health care. The objective of the Marburg Declaration is to stimulate a significant change regarding our understanding of mental disorders and their treatments, with the aim to trigger a new era of evidence-based psychological interventions.
Clinical Trial Inclusion and Impact on Early Adoption of Medical Innovation in Diverse Populations
Authors: Philip B. Adamson, Melvin Echols, Ersilia M. DeFilippis, Alanna A. Morris, Mosi Bennett, William T. Abraham, JoAnn Lindenfeld, John R. Teerlink, Christopher M. O’Connor, Allison T. Connolly, Huanan Li, Mona Fiuzat, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Orly Vardeny, Wayne Batchelor, Kelly C. McCants
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2024)

Inadequate inclusion in clinical trial enrollment may contribute to health inequities by evaluating interventions in cohorts that do not fully represent target populations. The aim of this study was to determine if characteristics of patients with heart failure (HF) enrolled in a pivotal trial are associated with who receives an intervention after approval. Demographics from 2,017,107 Medicare patients hospitalized for HF were compared with those of the first 10,631 Medicare beneficiaries who received implantable pulmonary artery pressure sensors. Characteristics of the population studied in the pivotal CHAMPION (CardioMEMS Heart Sensor Allows Monitoring of Pressure to Improve Outcomes in NYHA Class III Heart Failure Patients) clinical trial (n = 550) were compared with those of both groups. All demographic data were analyzed nationally and in 4 U.S. regions. The Medicare HF cohort included 80.9% White, 13.3% African American, 1.9% Hispanic, 1.3% Asian, and 51.5% female patients. Medicare patients <65 years of age were more likely to be African American (33%) and male (58%), whereas older patients were mostly White (84%) and female (53%). Forty-one percent of U.S. HF hospitalizations occurred in the South; demographic characteristics varied significantly across all U.S. regions. The CHAMPION trial adequately represented African Americans (23% overall, 35% <65 years of age), Hispanic Americans (2%), and Asian Americans (1%) but underrepresented women (27%). The trial's population characteristics were similar to those of the first patients who received pulmonary artery sensors (82% White, 13% African American, 1% Asian, 1% Hispanic, and 29% female). Demographics of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services beneficiaries hospitalized with HF vary regionally and by age, which should be considered when defining "adequate" representation in clinical studies. Enrollment diversity in clinical trials may affect who receives early application of recently approved innovations.
Training the Next Generation of Data Monitoring Committee Members
Authors: Thomas R. Fleming, Janet Wittes, Mona Fiuzat, Michael R. Bristow, Frank W. Rockhold, Jason T. Connor, Benjamin R. Saville, Brian Claggett, Isabella Cavagna, William T. Abraham, Thomas D. Cook, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Christopher O’Connor, David L. DeMets
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2024)

Clinical trials are vital for assessing therapeutic interventions. The associated data monitoring committees (DMCs) safeguard patient interests and enhance trial integrity, thus promoting timely, reliable evaluations of those interventions. We face an urgent need to recruit and train new DMC members. The Heart Failure Collaboratory (HFC), a multidisciplinary public-private consortium of academics, trialists, patients, industry representatives, and government agencies, is working to improve the clinical trial ecosystem. The HFC aims to improve clinical trial efficiency and quality by standardizing concepts, and to help meet the demand for experienced individuals on DMCs by creating a standardized approach to training new members. This paper discusses the HFC's training workshop, and an apprenticeship model for new DMC members. It describes opportunities and challenges DMCs face, along with common myths and best practices learned through previous experiences, with an emphasis on data confidentiality and need for quality independent statistical reporting groups.
Lipoprotein(a) Blood Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction With Icosapent Ethyl
Authors: Michael Szarek, Deepak L. Bhatt, Michael Miller, Eliot A. Brinton, Terry A. Jacobson, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. Ballantyne, R. Preston Mason, Steven B. Ketchum, Armando Lira Pineda, Ralph T. Doyle, Ph. Gabriel Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) concentrations are associated with increased cardiovascular event risk even in the presence of well-controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but few treatments are documented to reduce this residual risk.
The Natural History of Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Jwan A. Naser, Francisco B. Alexandrino, Tomonari Harada, Hector I. Michelena, Barry A. Borlaug, Mackram F. Eleid, Grace Lin, Christopher Scott, Austin M. Kennedy, Patricia A. Pellikka, Vuyisile T. Nkomo, Sorin V. Pislaru
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Resilience and vulnerability: distinct concepts to address global change in forests
Authors: Judit Lecina-Diaz, Jordi Martínez-Vilalta, Francisco Lloret, Rupert Seidl
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2024)

Resilience and vulnerability are important concepts to understand, anticipate, and manage global change impacts on forest ecosystems. However, they are often used confusingly and inconsistently, hampering a synthetic understanding of global change, and impeding communication with managers and policy-makers. Both concepts are powerful and have complementary strengths, reflecting their different history, methodological approach, components, and spatiotemporal focus. Resilience assessments address the temporal response to disturbance and the mechanisms driving it. Vulnerability assessments focus on spatial patterns of exposure and susceptibility, and explicitly address adaptive capacity and stakeholder preferences. We suggest applying the distinct concepts of resilience and vulnerability where they provide particular leverage, and deduce a number of lessons learned to facilitate the next generation of global change assessments.
Disease-modifying therapies in managing disability worsening in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal analysis of global and national registries
Authors: Sifat Sharmin, Izanne Roos, Charles B Malpas, Pietro Iaffaldano, Marta Simone, Massimo Filippi, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Serkan Ozakbas, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Raed Alroughani, Mauro Zaffaroni, Francesco Patti, Sara Eichau, Giuseppe Salemi, Alessia Di Sapio, Matilde Inglese, Emilio Portaccio, Maria Trojano, Maria Pia Amato, Tomas Kalincik, Dana Horakova, Alexandre Prat, Marc Girard, Pierre Duquette, Cavit Boz, Carlo Pozzilli, Eleonora Cocco, Paolo Gallo, Bassem Yamout, Samia J. Khoury, Alessandra Lugaresi, Marco Onofrj, Giacomo Lus, Valentina Torri Clerici, Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco, Silvia Romano, Carla Tortorella, Paola Valentino, Marco Rovaris, Vahid Shaygannejad, Diana Ferraro, Marika Vianello, Pierre Grammond, Roberto Bergamaschi, Antonio Gallo, Paola Cavalla, Maria Jose Sa, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Ilaria Pesci, Katherine Buzzard, Riadh Gouider, Saloua Mrabet, Umberto Aguglia, Antonella Conte, Carlo Avolio, Paolo Bellantonio, Nevin John, Elisabetta Cartechini, Francesca De Robertis, Elisabetta Ferraro, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Valeria Barcella, Anneke Van der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Maria Gabriella Coniglio, Franco Granella, Jens Kuhle, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, Guy Laureys, Liesbeth Van Hijfte, Davide Maimone, Paola Gazzola, Yolanda Blanco, Recai Turkoglu, Sara Montepietra, Daniele Spitaleri, Vincent van Pesch, Oliver Gerlach, Julie Prevost, Radek Ampapa, Aysun Soysal, Ayse Altintas, Augusto Rini, Claudio Solaro, Alessandra Protti, Matteo Foschi, Andrea Surcinelli, Maurizia Gatto, Nerina Mascoli, Milena De Riz, Sabrina Realmuto, Patrizia Rossi, Rocco Totaro, Michael Barnett, Jiwon Oh, Davide Nasuelli, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Talal Al-Harbi, Cristina Fioretti, Sebastiano Bucello, Daniela Cargnelutti, Sandra Vukusic
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)
Brucella-driven host N-glycome remodeling controls infection
Authors: Ana-Lucia Cabello, Kelsey Wells, Wenjing Peng, Hui-Qiang Feng, Junyao Wang, Damien F. Meyer, Christophe Noroy, En-Shuang Zhao, Hao Zhang, Xueqing Li, Haowu Chang, Gabriel Gomez, Yuxin Mao, Kristin L. Patrick, Robert O. Watson, William K. Russell, Aiying Yu, Jieqiang Zhong, Fengguang Guo, Mingqian Li, Mingyuan Zhou, Xiaoning Qian, Koichi S. Kobayashi, Jianxun Song, Suresh Panthee, Yehia Mechref, Thomas A. Ficht, Qing-Ming Qin, Paul de Figueiredo
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Transcription factor Nrf2 activation regulates NETosis, endothelial injury, and kidney disease in myeloperoxidase-positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Yusho Ueda, Daigo Nakazawa, Saori Nishio, Satoka Shiratori-Aso, Takashi Kudo, Atsuko Miyoshi-Harashima, Kanako Watanabe-Kusunoki, Fumihiko Hattanda, Sari Iwasaki, Takahiro Tsuji, Utano Tomaru, Yasuaki Aratani, Mamiko Yamamoto, Akihiro Ishizu, Tatsuya Atsumi
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
In vitro and in vivo validation of the antiviral effect of hCypA against SARS-CoV-2 via binding to the RBD of spike protein
Authors: Woo-Ri Shin, Do-Young Kim, Sang Yong Kim, Gna Ahn, Dae-Young Park, Jiho Min, Ji-Young Ahn, Yang-Hoon Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2024)
Natural history of depression up to 18 years after stroke: a population-based South London Stroke Register study
Authors: Lu Liu, Iain J. Marshall, Ruonan Pei, Ajay Bhalla, Charles DA. Wolfe, Matthew DL. O’Connell, Yanzhong Wang
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

BackgroundCurrent evidence on the long-term natural history of post-stroke depression (PSD) is limited. We aim to determine the prevalence, incidence, duration and recurrence rates of depression to 18-years after stroke and assess differences by onset-time and depression severity.MethodsData were from the South London Stroke Register (1995–2019, N = 6641 at registration). Depression was defined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (scores > 7 = depression) at 3-months, then annually to 18-years after stroke. We compared early- (3-months post-stroke) vs late-onset depression (1-year) and initial mild (HADS scores > 7) vs severe depression (scores > 10).Findings3864 patients were assessed for depression at any time-points during the follow-up (male:55.4% (2141), median age: 68.0 (20.4)), with the number ranging from 2293 at 1-year to 145 at 18-years after stroke. Prevalence of PSD ranged from 31.3% (28.9–33.8) to 41.5% (33.6–49.3). The cumulative incidence of depression was 59.4% (95% CI 57.8–60.9), of which 87.9% (86.5–89.2) occurred within 5-years after stroke. Of patients with incident PSD at 3-months after stroke, 46.6% (42.1–51.2) recovered after 1 year. Among those recovered, 66.7% (58.0–74.5) experienced recurrent depression and 94.4% (87.5–98.2) of recurrences occurred within 5-years since recovery. Similar estimates were observed in patients with PSD at 1-year. 34.3% (27.9–41.1) of patients with severe depression had recovered at the next time-point, compared to 56.7% (50.5–62.8) with mild depression. Recurrence rate at 1-year after recovery was higher in patients with severe depression (52.9% (35.1–70.2)) compared to mild depression (23.5% (14.1–35.4)) (difference: 29.4% (7.6–51.2), p = 0.003).InterpretationLong-term depressive status may be established by 5-years post-onset. Early- and late-onset depression presented similar natural history, while severe depression had a longer duration and quicker recurrence than mild depression. These estimates were limited to alive patients completing the depression assessment, who tended to have less severe stroke than excluded patients, so may be underestimated and not generalizable to all stroke survivors.FundingNational Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR202339).