tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Achieving universal social protection for people with tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmad Fuady, Thea Hutanamon, Olivia Herlinda, Nurul Luntungan, Tom Wingfield
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2024)

As we mark World TB Day 2024, we take this opportunity to reflect on the 2023 UN General Assembly High-Level Meeting (HLM) on the fight against tuberculosis—a milestone in the commitment towards a more coordinated, comprehensive approach to end tuberculosis globally. The UN HLM declaration on the fight against tuberculosis includes a specific pledge that all people with tuberculosis should receive a social benefits package to mitigate financial hardship. However, it is not known how this specific pledge will be realised and through which concrete actions. The use of the term financial hardship instead of WHO's key End TB Strategy indicator of catastrophic costs might prove challenging for robust evaluation of both the socioeconomic impact of tuberculosis and the effectiveness of socioeconomic support strategies to mitigate this impact. Moreover, in contrast to the financial pledges made for biomedical interventions, there was an absence of explicit investment in social protection. Such investments are imperative to facilitate successful expansion of social protection to meet the needs of people with tuberculosis and their households. Successful expansion of social protection is also dependent on political commitment and protected budgets from relevant stakeholders, including across government ministries. These strategies will help to ensure that the commitments on social protection made in the UN HLM declaration are turned into tangible actions with measurable effects.
Activity of Enfortumab Vedotin and Sacituzumab Govitecan with Radiation in Preclinical Models of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Yuzhen Zhou, Vincent D. D'Andrea, Surish P. Shanmugam, Isabella Stelter, Dag R. Stormoen, Rea Chroneos, Timothy Hanlon, Ilana Epstein, Raie T. Bekele, William J. Anderson, Filipe F.L. Carvalho, Joaquim Bellmunt, Kent W. Mouw
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Re: Roxana Ramos, Ethan Ferguson, Mahmoud Abou Zeinab, et al. Single-port Transvesical Robot-Assisted Simple Prostatectomy: Surgical Technique and Clinical Outcomes. Eur Urol. 2024;85:445–456
Authors: Alessandro Guercio, Antonio Franco, Elisa Mancini, Riccardo Lombardo, Francesco Curto, Giorgio Franco, Cosimo De Nunzio
Journal: European Urology (2024)
SnoRNAs in cardiovascular development, function, and disease
Authors: Alzbeta Chabronova, Terri L. Holmes, Duc M. Hoang, Chris Denning, Victoria James, James G.W. Smith, Mandy J. Peffers
Journal: Trends in Molecular Medicine (2024)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular (patho)biology. Several roles of snoRNAs have recently been identified in heart development and congenital heart diseases, as well as their dynamic regulation in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure. Furthermore, reports of changes in vesicular snoRNA expression and altered levels of circulating snoRNAs in response to cardiac stress suggest that snoRNAs also function in cardiac signaling and intercellular communication. In this review, we summarize and discuss key findings and outline the clinical potential of snoRNAs considering current challenges and gaps in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Feasibility and acceptability of collecting biobehavioral data from Latinx transgender and nonbinary people
Authors: Kasey B. Jackman, Theresa V. Navalta, Billy A. Caceres, Joseph A. Belloir, Walter O. Bockting
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background Latinx transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people are at high risk of poor health compared to cisgender (i.e., non-TGNB) people. Most studies about the health of Latinx TGNB people have collected self-reported data. There is an urgent need for inclusion of biobehavioral measures to better understand and target the underlying mechanisms of health disparities among Latinx TGNB people. We conducted the first study to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collecting biobehavioral data that we are aware of in this population.
Epidemiology of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection antimicrobial resistance trends across South West England during the first 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic response
Authors: Jack Stanley, Brian Sullivan, Andrew W. Dowsey, Koren Jones, Charles R. Beck
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Objectives Between 2016-19, the proportion of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) with resistance to at least one antibiotic increased nationally. Public health interventions implemented in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed population contact patterns and healthcare systems, with consequent effects on epidemiological trends of numerous pathogens. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on epidemiological trends of E. coli BSI antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across South West England. Methods We undertook a retrospective ecological analysis utilising routine surveillance data of E. coli BSI cases reported to the UK Health Security Agency between 2016-2021. We analysed AMR trends for antimicrobial agents including amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, gentamicin, third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems before and after implementation of COVID-19 restrictions (23/03/2020) using Bayesian segmented regression. Results We identified 19,055 cases. 50.2% were male. Median age was 76 (interquartile range 65-85). Piperacillin-tazobactam (-2.90% [95% Highest Density Interval (HDI) -4.51%, -0.48%]) and ciprofloxacin (-2.40% [95% HDI -4.35%, 0.48%]) resistance demonstrated immediate step changes at implementation of COVID-19 restrictions. Gentamicin (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.92 [95% HDI 0.76, 1.12]) and third-generation cephalosporins (OR 0.95 [95% HDI 0.80, 1.14]) exhibited decreasing annual resistance trends following implementation of COVID-19 restrictions, with moderate evidence for a lower OR after restrictions as compared to the period before (gentamicin Bayes Factor (BF)=5.10, third-generation cephalosporins BF=6.67). Conclusions COVID-19 restrictions led to abrupt and longer-term changes to E.coli BSI AMR. The immediate effects suggest altered transmission, while changes to resistant E. coli reservoirs may explain trend effects.
Gut microbiome diversity and composition in individuals with and without extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales carriage: a matched case–control study in infectious diseases department
Authors: Anders Boyd, Mariam El Dani, Roula Ajrouche, Vanessa Demontant, Justine Cheval, Karine Lacombe, Guillaume Cosson, Christophe Rodriguez, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Paul-Louis Woerther, Laure Surgers
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Dual β-lactam therapy to improve treatment outcome in Mycobacterium abscessus disease
Authors: Marta Pozuelo Torres, Jakko van Ingen
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Antibiotic treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus disease is toxic and poorly effective and lacks a firm evidence base. Dual β-lactam and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations may be interesting leads to improve treatment outcomes.
Prevalence of long COVID in the general adult population according to different definitions and sociodemographic and infection characteristics. A nationwide random sampling survey in France in autumn 2022
Authors: Joël Coste, Cyrille Delpierre, Jean-Baptiste Richard, Caroline Alleaume, Anne Gallay, Sarah Tebeka, Cédric Lemogne, Olivier Robineau, Olivier Steichen, Tatjana T. Makovski
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Long COVID has been recognized since early 2020, but its definition is not unanimous, which complicates epidemiological assessments. This study estimated the prevalence of long COVID based on several definitions and severity thresholds in the adult population of mainland France and examined variations according to sociodemographic and infection characteristics. A cross-sectional survey using random sampling was conducted in August-November 2022. Participants declaring SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed for infection dates and context, post-COVID symptoms (from a list of 31, with onset time, daily functioning impact, and alternative diagnosis), and perceived long COVID. Long COVID prevalence was estimated according to the WHO, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, United States National Centre for Health Statistics, and United Kingdom Office for National Statistics definitions. Of 10 615 participants, 5781 (54.5%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 123-759 (1.2-13.4%) having long COVID, depending on the definition. The prevalence of WHO post-COVID condition (PCC) was 4.0% (95% CI: 3.6-4.5) in the overall population and 8.0% (95% CI: 7.0-8.9) among infected individuals. Among the latter, the prevalence varied from 5.3% (men) to 14.9% (unemployed) and 18.6% (history of hospitalization for COVID-19). WHO-PCC overlapped poorly with other definitions (kappa ranging from 0.18 to 0.59) and perceived long COVID (reported in only 43% of WHO-PCC). Regardless of its definition, long COVID remains a significant burden in the French adult population that deserves surveillance, notably for forms that strongly impact daily activities. More standardized definitions will improve integrated surveillance of, and better research on, long COVID.
Thermal‐Accelerated Urease‐Driven Bowl‐Like Polydopamine Nanorobot for Targeted Photothermal/Photodynamic Antibiotic‐Free Antibacterial Therapy
Authors: Yu Liu, Li Zhang, Feng Ouyang, Chenglong Xue, Xiaoyu Zhao, Tao Wang, Zhichao Pei, Qi Shuai
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

The problem of antibiotic resistance seriously affects the treatment of bacterial infections, so there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotic-independent antimicrobial strategies. Herein, a urease-driven bowl-like mesoporous polydopamine nanorobot (MPDA@ICG@Ur@Man) based on single-wavelength near-infrared (NIR) remote photothermal acceleration to achieve antibiotic-free phototherapy(photothermal therapy, PTT, plus photodynamic therapy, PDT) is first reported. The smart nanorobots can perform active movement by decomposing urea to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia. Particularly, the elevated local temperature during PTT can increase urease activity to enhance the autonomous movement and thus increase the contact between the antimicrobial substance and bacteria. Compared with a nanomotor propelled by urea only, the diffusion coefficient (D
A review of the clinical efficacy of FDA-approved antibody‒drug conjugates in human cancers
Authors: Kaifeng Liu, Meijia Li, Yudong Li, Yutong Li, Zixin Chen, Yiqi Tang, Meitian Yang, Guoquan Deng, Hongwei Liu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2024)

Abstract While strategies such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy have become the first-line standard therapies for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer, acquired resistance is still inevitable in most cases. The introduction of antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs) provides a novel alternative. ADCs are a new class of anticancer drugs comprising the coupling of antitumor mAbs with cytotoxic drugs. Compared with chemotherapeutic drugs, ADCs have the advantages of good tolerance, accurate target recognition, and small effects on noncancerous cells. ADCs occupy an increasingly important position in the therapeutic field. Currently, there are 13 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‒approved ADCs and more than 100 ADC drugs at different stages of clinical trials. This review briefly describes the efficacy and safety of FDA-approved ADCs, and discusses the related problems and challenges to provide a reference for clinical work.
Natural history of periodontal disease: The original Sri Lanka and Oslo studies
Authors: Niklaus P. Lang, Marc Schätzle, Christoph A. Ramseier
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2024)

Abstract Susceptibility to periodontal disease depends on individual factors within the host response to the bacterial challenge. The study of these factors requires longitudinal studies of an undisturbed development of the disease process. On the basis of the original longitudinal studies on the natural histology of periodontal disease staged in Sri Lanka and Oslo/Norway, several analyses of periodontal parameters and tooth status have been performed. The main findings were that in the first 20 years of complete absence of oral hygiene practices or preventive services attachment was lost at various rates. Three groups of subjects could be identified: rapidly progressing (RP) (8%), moderately progressing (MP) (81%), and subjects with no disease progression (NP) (11%). In the second two decades, the RP subjects have lost most of their teeth and no NP patients were identified anymore. The progression rate in these two decades was much slower, and the tooth mortality decreased. It could be predicted that subjects who had lost more than 2 mm at age 30 would not maintain a functional dentition at age 60. The corresponding control population in Oslo was used to study the influence of gingival inflammation on the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The pattern and rates of attachment loss were identified in a population that was exposed to optimal and regular preventive services from age 3 onward. In the observation period of 26 years, it could be demonstrated that gingival inflammation varied little throughout adult life and always bleeding sites occurred consistently in 10% to 20%. The role of ongoing gingivitis in the pathogenesis of attachment loss was identified and also reflected stability whenever it was absent. Tooth mortality was only found in subjects with ongoing gingivitis. After 50 years of tooth age, 63% of the teeth were still maintained, while 99.8% were maintained after 50 years when gingival inflammation had been absent. Consequently, continuous gingivitis represented a risk factor for tooth loss.
A unified model for regulating lipoprotein lipase activity
Authors: Ren Zhang, Kezhong Zhang
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2024)

The regulation of triglyceride (TG) tissue distribution, storage, and utilization, a fundamental process of energy homeostasis, critically depends on lipoprotein lipase (LPL). We review the intricate mechanisms by which LPL activity is regulated by angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL3, 4, 8), apolipoproteins (APOA5, APOC3, APOC2), and the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH). ANGPTL8 functions as a molecular switch, through complex formation, activating ANGPTL3 while deactivating ANGPTL4 in their LPL inhibition. The ANGPTL3-4-8 model integrates the roles of the aforementioned proteins in TG partitioning between white adipose tissue (WAT) and oxidative tissues (heart and skeletal muscles) during the feed/fast cycle. This model offers a unified perspective on LPL regulation, providing insights into TG metabolism, metabolic diseases, and therapeutics.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driving Organic Photothermal Agents with an 88.9% Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Image‐Guided Synergistic Phototherapy
Authors: Xilin Zhao, Mengxin Sun, Xiaohan Cao, Jiashuai Xu, Xiaoyu Li, Xiaowei Zhao, Hongguang Lu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Photothermal agents (PTAs) with desirable near-infrared (NIR) absorption and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are ideal candidates for cancer treatment. However, numerous PTAs still require high-intensity and long-duration laser irradiation to completely ablate the tumor during the photothermal therapy (PTT) process, resulting in light damage to healthy skin and tissue as well as limiting their biomedical applications. Integrating intense NIR absorption and high PCE into a single small-molecule PTA is an important prerequisite for realizing efficient PTT, but is a serious challenge. Herein, a series of donor-acceptor type PTAs (CC1 to NC4) are designed through a molecular engineering strategy. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that the NIR absorption and photothermal effect from CC1 to NC4 are significantly enhanced as expected. Notably, NC4 nanoparticles exhibit intense NIR absorption, superhigh PCE of up to 88.9% for PTT, photoacoustic imaging and photothermal imaging, and effective reactive oxygen species generation for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The superior PTT/PDT synergistic phototherapeutic efficacy is well demonstrated by the complete elimination of tumor in vivo upon one-time, low-intensity, and short-duration laser irradiation (808 nm, 330 mW cm
An international phase II trial and immune profiling of SBRT and atezolizumab in advanced pretreated colorectal cancer
Authors: Antonin Levy, Daphné Morel, Matthieu Texier, Roger Sun, Jerome Durand-Labrunie, Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz, Severine Racadot, Stéphane Supiot, Nicolas Magné, Stacy Cyrille, Guillaume Louvel, Christophe Massard, Loic Verlingue, Fanny Bouquet, Alberto Bustillos, Lisa Bouarroudj, Clément Quevrin, Céline Clémenson, Michele Mondini, Lydia Meziani, Lambros Tselikas, Rastilav Bahleda, Antoine Hollebecque, Eric Deutsch
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2024)

Abstract Background Immuno-radiotherapy may improve outcomes for patients with advanced solid tumors, although optimized combination modalities remain unclear. Here, we report the colorectal (CRC) cohort analysis from the SABR-PDL1 trial that evaluated the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab in combination with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in advanced cancer patients. Methods Eligible patients received atezolizumab 1200 mg every 3 weeks until progression or unmanageable toxicity, together with ablative SBRT delivered concurrently with the 2nd cycle (recommended dose of 45 Gy in 3 fractions, adapted upon normal tissue tolerance constraint). SBRT was delivered to at least one tumor site, with at least one additional measurable lesion being kept from the radiation field. The primary efficacy endpoint was one-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate from the start of atezolizumab. Sequential tumor biopsies were collected for deep multi-feature immune profiling. Results Sixty pretreated (median of 2 prior lines) advanced CRC patients (38 men [63%]; median age, 59 years [range, 20–81 years]; 77% with liver metastases) were enrolled in five centers (France: n = 4, Spain: n = 1) from 11/2016 to 04/2019. All but one (98%) received atezolizumab and 54/60 (90%) received SBRT. The most frequently irradiated site was lung ( n = 30/54; 56.3%). Treatment-related G3 (no G4-5) toxicity was observed in 3 (5%) patients. Median OS and PFS were respectively 8.4 [95%CI:5.9–11.6] and 1.4 months [95%CI:1.2–2.6], including five (9%) patients with PFS &gt; 1 year (median time to progression: 19.2 months, including 2/5 MMR-proficient). Best overall responses consisted of stable disease ( n = 38; 64%), partial ( n = 3; 5%) and complete response ( n = 1; 2%). Immune-centric multiplex IHC and RNAseq showed that SBRT redirected immune cells towards tumor lesions, even in the case of radio-induced lymphopenia. Baseline tumor PD-L1 and IRF1 nuclear expression (both in CD3 + T cells and in CD68 + cells) were higher in responding patients. Upregulation of genes that encode for proteins known to increase T and B cell trafficking to tumors (CCL19, CXCL9), migration (MACF1) and tumor cell killing (GZMB) correlated with responses. Conclusions This study provides new data on the feasibility, efficacy, and immune context of tumors that may help identifying advanced CRC patients most likely to respond to immuno-radiotherapy. Trial registration EudraCT N°: 2015–005464-42; Clinicaltrial.gov number: NCT02992912.
An “All‐In‐One” Immunomodulator‐Engineered Clinical Translatable Immunotherapy of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ting Xie, Cong Huang, Yuqing Wang, Haitao Zhang, Pei Guo, Thuy Thu Phann, Yao Cheng, Longtianyang Lei, Zhenghao Tao, Qing Gao, Hua Wei, Cui‐Yun Yu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Clinical treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant challenge. Utilizing 1-bromoacetyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (RRx-001) to downregulate the expression of innate immune checkpoint molecule, cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), provides a powerful means for treating advanced HCC containing abundant immunosuppressive macrophages. Herein engineering of a previously optimized Doxorubicin (DOX)-delivery nanoplatform based on sodium alginate is reported to further co-deliver RRx-001 (biotinylated aldehyde alginate-doxorubicin micelle prodrug nanoplatform, BEA-D@R) for efficient immunotherapy of advanced HCC. This groundbreaking technique reveals the "all-in-one" immunotherapeutic functionalities of RRx-001. Besides the previously demonstrated functions of downregulating CD47 expression and increasing reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation, another key function of RRx-001 for downregulating the expression of the adaptive immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) is first uncovered here. Combined with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an upregulated "eat me" signal level of DOX, BEA-D@R collectively increases RNS generation, enhances T-cell infiltration, and maximizes macrophage phagocytosis, leading to an average of 40% tumor elimination in a mice model bearing an initial tumor volume of ≈300 mm
The M2 Macrophages Derived Migrasomes From the Surface of Titania Nanotubes Array as a New Concept for Enhancing Osteogenesis
Authors: Guangwen Li, Yuqi Zhao, Haochen Wang, Yan Zhang, Dongxuan Cai, Yumei Zhang, Wen Song
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract As newly discovered substrate anchored extracellular vesicles, migrasomes (Migs) may bring a new opportunity for manipulating target cells bioactivities. In this study, the M2 macrophages derived Migs are obtained by titania nanotubes surface (NTs). Due to the benefits of nanostructuring, the NTs surface is not only able to induce RAW264.7 for M2 polarization but also to generate more Migs formation, which can be internalized by following seeded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Then, the NTs surface induced Migs are collected by density‐gradient centrifugation for MSCs treatment. As indicated by immunofluorescence staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red staining, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs is significantly enhanced by Migs treatment, in line with the dosage. By RNA‐sequence analysis, the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation is correlated with PI3K‐AKT pathway activation that may originate from the M2 polarization state of donor cells. Finally, the Migs are coated onto Ti surface for therapeutic application. Both the in vitro and in vivo analysis reveal that the Migs coated Ti implant shows significant enhancement of osteogenesis. In conclusion, this study suggests that the nanosurface may be a favorable platform for Migs production, which may bring a new concept for tissue regeneration.
Increasing diversity in clinical trials: Demographic trends at the national cancer institute, 2005–2020
Authors: Nirmal Choradia, Fatima Karzai, Ryan Nipp, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, James L Gulley, Charalampos S Floudas
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

We described participant demographics for National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical trials at the clinical center (NCI-CC participants) of the National Institutes of Health to identify enrollment disparities.