tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Press: George falls for Bill
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After, at first, merely reporting the facts of the sacking of George Lundberg, editor of JAMA (the journal of the American Medical Association), the US media have come roaring back over the past two weeks, realising the link with the Clinton impeachment trial. Editorialists brandished scalpels as they castigated the association for its removal of one of the finest editors of JAMA in its 115 year history.

Lundberg was fired on 15 January by the association's executive vice president, E Ratcliffe Anderson Jr, after he rapidly pushed through a brief report that showed that 59% of US college students did not consider orogenital contact to be “sex.” Leaders of the American Medical Association pulled together to defend the firing, which, they say, injected the journal into the impeachment trial. In providing an explanation worthy of Orwell, Anderson said that, despite his firing of Lundberg, the association was not censoring JAMA ; it was protecting its integrity.

At least 53 metropolitan newspapers reported the firing on their front pages. It seemed that …
Evaluation of a slow-release lithium carbonate formulation
Authors: T B Cooper, G M Simpson, J H Lee, P E Bergner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1978)

A slow-release lithium preparation was compared with a standard formulation in normal volunteers and in patients. Pharmacokinetic parameters of normal volunteers were examined after a single dose of each form and the steady-state levels after a b.i.d. dose of the slow-release form. These initial single-dose data suggested that the two formulations are not bioequivalent. However, the area under the curve of the two forms was similar, and the essentially complete recovery of lithium from urine in steady state indicates equal bioavailability. The patients' steady-state levels for the two formulations essentially confirmed the normal subjects' data: with the slow-release form plasma lithium levels were slightly higher, and the postdose lithium level variability was decreased by as much as 50%.
Abstract 14746: ROCK2 in Macrophages Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux and Increases Atherosclerosis
Authors: Qian Zhou, Goo Taeg Oh, Pat Ongusaha, Kunzhong Zhang, Karol Kaminski, Hannah Schmitt, Takuhito Shoji, Martin Moser, Christoph Bode, James K Liao
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Rho kinases (ROCKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. However, recent studies suggest that ROCKs are also important mediators of cardiovascular ...
Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Kevin T. McVary
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 65-year-old man presents to an outpatient clinic, reporting that he can no longer maintain an erection sufficient for intercourse. His history includes well-controlled hypertension and stable coronary artery disease. He smokes a pack of cigarettes daily. His medications include atenolol and low-dose aspirin. On physical examination, his body-mass index is 31. He has normal external genitalia and no loss of body hair. How should he be evaluated and treated?
Frequency and Distribution of Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma and Ruptured Plaques in Human Coronary Arteries
Authors: Pavan K. Cheruvu, Aloke V. Finn, Craig Gardner, Jay Caplan, James Goldstein, Gregg W. Stone, Renu Virmani, James E. Muller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
关于“肺结核：诊断和治疗”一文的来信选登 干扰素试验是肺结核诊断的新进展
Authors: Sarah, Farrow
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Campbell和Bah-Sow向我们展示了肺结核诊断的新进展。，干扰素试验是这一领域多年来的第一项进步，这一新技术的作用令人惊喜。与Mantoux试验不同，该试验在注射过卡介苗的人群中非阳性，它还能从其他分枝杆菌中区别出结核分枝杆菌，因此是诊断新近感染结核病的一种更特异性的试验。
Combination of antiangiogenic RAD001 and ionizing radiation in therapy of malignant tumors
Authors: Philipp Manegold, Carmen Paringer, Ulrike Kulka, Ralf Wilkowski, Karl-Walter Jauch, Markus Guba, Christiane J. Bruns
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4397 

Background: Upregulation of VEGF dependent tumor angiogenesis via the PI3K/Akt-mTOR-p70s6k pathway may be responsible for radiotherapy resistance of malignant tumors. We have recently shown that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin inhibits VEGF driven tumor angiogenenesis and can induce tumor specific thrombosis in the tumor vasculature. Thus, the combined use of the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 and radiotherapy might help to overcome radiotherapy resistance and might therefore exert additive/synergistic effects on tumor growth. Methods: In vitro cell proliferation of murine colon carcinoma CT-26, fibrosarcoma BFS-1, human pancreatic carcinoma L3.6pl, and HUVEC were assessed after single doses of 0.25Gy–2.0Gy with or without RAD001 0.01-20ng/ml. Phosphorylation of p70s6k was assessed by western blotting. In vivo CT-26 and BFS-1 were implanted subcutaneously on the back of syngen mice. Human L3.6pl cells were implanted orthotopically in the pancreas of nude mice. Fractionated radiotherapy of 5×2Gy or 5×4Gy was initiated 14 days after tumor cell implantation. RAD001 (1,5mg/kg/d) was administered until the end of experiments beginning two days before or after radiotherapy. Results: In vitro CT-26 cells appeared to be sensitive to radiation and RAD001 treatment in comparison to BFS-1 and L3.6pl cells. Application of RAD001 before ionizing radiation resulted in a further non-significant reduction of cell proliferation. HUVEC proliferation was markedly suppressed under even low concentrations of RAD001 and radiotherapy. In vivo tumor growth was significantly delayed under combined therapy of RAD001 and 5×2Gy radiotherapy. Tumor regression was observed in response to fractionated radiation of 5×4Gy in CT-26 and L3.6pl tumors independent of RAD001 treatment. Conclusion: Combination of RAD001 and radiotherapy inhibits endothelial cell proliferation but not tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Therefore we suggest that in vivo effects of low dose fractionated radiation plus RAD001 reflect additive antiangiogenic effects. If continued administration of RAD001 after radiotherapy of 5×4Gy will prevent tumor re-occurrence, will be the focus of the ongoing study.
Abstract 2285: Acute and Chronic Improvement in Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Following Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Glen Miske, Masaki Tanabe, Nini C Thomas, David Schwartzman, John Gorcsan
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to result in improvements in left ventricular (LV) systolic function, but its effects on diastolic function are not well understood. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that CRT acutely improves LV diastolic function and that these benefits are sustained in chronic follow-up. Methods: We studied 40 NYHA Class III–IV heart failure patients (65±10 yrs, ejection fraction 24±7%, QRS duration 166±26 ms, 62% ischemic) at baseline, 24 hours after CRT, and 6±3 mo. after CRT. A control group of 10 normal subjects were also studied. Quantitative pulsed wave and tissue Doppler measures of diastolic function included: mitral inflow peak E and A wave velocity, E deceleration time, mitral annular E′ velocity (septal and lateral sites) and estimation of LV filling pressure by E/E′. Results: All CRT patients had baseline diastolic dysfunction, as expected: Deceleration Time = 163±53 ms, E′ = 3.4±1.6 cm/sec, E/E′ = 40±20, peak E wave = 1.11±0.3 m/sec, peak A wave = 0.5±.3 m/sec, (all p &lt; 0.05 vs. controls). Diastolic function acutely improved following CRT: Deceleration Time = 218±52 ms*, E′= 4.3±1.8 cm/sec*, and E/E′ = 29±19*, peak E wave = 1.01±0.26 m/sec*, peak A wave = 0.7±.34 m/sec* (all p &lt; 0.05 vs. baseline). These beneficial effects of CRT were sustained 6±3 month following CRT (all p &lt; 0.05 vs. baseline). Conclusion: CRT was associated with acute improvements in LV diastolic function. These improvements were sustained through chronic follow-up. These findings extend the understanding of beneficial effects of CRT on LV function.
US education board advises against drugs for behavioural problems
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A US board of education has passed a resolution urging teachers to use discipline and instruction to overcome problem behaviour in the classroom, rather than encouraging parents to seek drug treatment for their children.

The resolution passed by Colorado Board of Education carries no legal weight but sounds a warning on the growing use of drugs such as Ritalin (methylphenidate hydrochloride) to deal with disruptive behaviour in schools. Board members supporting the resolution believed that many violent crimes …
CARDIAC FAILURE IN A "NORMAL" HEART
Authors: T H NOEHREN, F W McKEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Case Reports1 December 1950CARDIAC FAILURE IN A "NORMAL" HEARTTHEODORE H. NOEHREN, M.D., FRANK W. MCKEE, M.D.THEODORE H. NOEHREN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANK W. MCKEE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-33-6-1485 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSome time ago a man died in Strong Memorial Hospital in Rochester, New York, with a provocative clinical history and postmortem findings. The man had enjoyed excellent health until his last five or six years, when there were signs and symptoms of cardiac insufficiency. He finally died in decompensation. At postmortem examination, however, his heart was anatomically normal.CASE REPORTThe patient, a white man aged 51 years, was admitted to the Rochester General Hospital on May 17, 1936. His chief complaint was of a hernia in the inguinal region. He stated that his general health had always been good,...Bibliography1. Dock W: Presbycardia, or aging of the myocardium, New York State J. Med. 45: 983-986, 1945. Google Scholar2. Lewis WH: Changes with age in the cardiac output in adult men, Am. J. Physiol. 121: 517-527, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. StarrSchroeder IHA: Ballistocardiogram. II. Normal standards, abnormalities commonly found in diseases of the heart and circulation, and their significance, J. Clin. Investigation 19: 437-450, 1940. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. CohnSteele AEJM: The metabolism of the isolated heart of dogs related to age, J. Clin. Investigation 14: 915-922, 1935. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. FreedbergLewis ASHD: Cardiology: The normal heart in old age, New England J. Med. 231: 731-738, 1944. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. Boas EP: Aging of the cardiovascular system, Bull. New York Acad. Med. 16: 607-617, 1940. MedlineGoogle Scholar7. TaranKaye LMM: Electrocardiographic studies in old age, Ann. Int. Med. 20: 954-960, 1944. LinkGoogle Scholar8. StroudBromer WDAW: Myocardial disease: Treatment of congestive failure, in Stieglitz, E. J.: Geriatric medicine; diagnosis and management of disease in the aging and in the aged, 1943, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, chap. 27, pp. 416-440. Google Scholar9. Ernstene AC: The cardiovascular complications of hyperthyroidism, Am. J. M. Sc. 195: 248-256, 1938. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication October 9, 1948.From the Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiovascular SystemAspects of cardiac hypertrophy 1 December 1950Volume 33, Issue 6Page: 1485-1494KeywordsAutopsyDentistryHeartHeart failureHerniaSigns and symptoms Issue Published: 1 December 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Total homocysteine levels predicts major coronary events and mortality in simvastatin treated patients of 4S
Authors: O Nygard, H Refsum, J Kjekshus, PM Ueland, SE Vollset, K Berg, Anders Olsson, TJ Cook, TR Pedersen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Total homocysteine levels predicts major coronary events and mortality in simvastatin treated patients of 4S
Feasibility of measuring sputum rheology in COPD
Authors: Chris Nettles, Lucy Jenkins, Rob Daniels, Rhodri Williams, Keir Lewis
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Introduction:   Sputum has the capacity to stretch into long thin thread-like shapes, from which the measurement of its core-central diameter can in turn provide its dynamic extensional properties.Viscosity of sputum from patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) changes when they have exacerbations.  Measuring viscoelastic properties of sputum may lead to biomarkers for type of infection (e.g. viral versus bacterial) or response to treatment. We wanted to see if it is feasible to objectively measure viscoelastic properties of sputum using rheological techniques.   Methods:   Spontaneous sputum was collected from 18 patients during an exacerbation of known COPD, then analysed using an AR-2000G2 rheometer (TA Instruments, UK) . Oscillatory rheology was performed between 0.01Hz and 100Hz with a strain of 2% which ensured that the sample was within the linear viscoelastic region.   Results:  As a whole, the elastic modulus was greater than the viscous modulus at all frequencies which highlights that sputum has a predominantly viscoelastic solid-like behaviour. The magnitude of G9, G99 (a measure of the energy stored in a material in which a deformation / shear has been imposed) varied between samples but the phase angles for all samples were in a relatively narrow range between 9 and 17 and were repeatable.   Conclusion:  Rheology is a reliable method for quantifying viscoelastic properties of sputum from patients with COPD which have been successfully modelled with an approximate power law behaviour. Other studies are now comparing core rheological properties of sputum in the stable versus exacerbating state and in frequent exacerbators versus stable patients, with similar lung function.
Guidelines for the management of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: A F Goddard
Journal: Gut (2000)

Iron deficiency anaemia in men and postmenopausal women is most commonly caused by gastrointestinal blood loss or malabsorption.Examination of both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract is therefore an important part of the investigation of patients with such anaemia.In the absence of overt blood loss or any obvious cause, all patients should have upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, including small bowel biopsy, and colonoscopy or barium enema to exclude gastrointestinal malignancy.Further gastrointestinal investigation is only warranted in transfusion dependent anaemia or where there is visible blood loss.Treatment of an underlying cause will cure the anaemia but even when no cause is detected the long term outlook is good.
Facilitation of ECT by caffeine pretreatment
Authors: B Shapira, B Lerer, D Gilboa, H Drexler, S Kugelmass, A Calev
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

In this study, eight patients participated in a standardized protocol to assess the effects of caffeine on seizures in ECT. Caffeine sodium benzoate (500-2000 mg) was administered intravenously 10 minutes before ECT, and seizure duration was compared with that of a previous treatment unmodified by caffeine. Seizure duration was significantly increased during ECTs preceded by caffeine. Three other patients given caffeine when seizures of adequate duration could no longer be elicited at maximal stimulus levels experienced longer seizures. Administration of caffeine was not associated with significant cardiovascular or other (including cognitive) adverse effects.
VITAMIN A CONTENT OF THE HUMAN LIVER IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Paul D. Crimm, Darwin M. Short
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 July 1939VITAMIN A CONTENT OF THE HUMAN LIVER IN TUBERCULOSISPAUL D. CRIMM, M.D., F.A.C.S., DARWIN M. SHORT, M.D.PAUL D. CRIMM, M.D., F.A.C.S., DARWIN M. SHORT, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-13-1-61 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe vitamin A content of human livers was determined photometrically in 50 patients in whom tuberculosis was the cause of death. The vitamin A content of their diet averaged from 5,000 to 8,000 U.S.P. units per day. All patients were fed the general hospital diet, except those with tuberculous enteritis. These were given a modified ulcer or soft diet of a similar vitamin A content. Six patients were given a supplemental dosage of vitamin A.The findings were evaluated according to the average vitamin A content per gram of liver, age, supplemental dosage, duration and febrile course of manifest disease...References1. CRIMMSHORT PDDM: Vitamin A content of human liver, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1935, clxxxix, 571-573. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. CRIMMSHORT PDDM: Vitamin A deficiency in the dog, Am. Jr. Physiol., 1937, cxviii, 477-482. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PAUL D. CRIMM, M.D., F.A.C.S.; DARWIN M. SHORT, M.D.Affiliations: Evansville, Indiana*Received for publication October 28, 1938.From the Research Laboratories of Boehne Tuberculosis Hospital, Evansville, Ind. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAddressing Tuberculosis in the Context of Malnutrition and HIV CoinfectionTuberculosisRelationships between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and micronutrients, in patients with tuberculosisThe Rationale of the Therapeutic Administration of Massive Doses of Vitamin A in Tuberculous DiabeticsÜber das Endogen Bedingte Vitamin A-Defizit 1 July 1939Volume 13, Issue 1Page: 61-63KeywordsDietEnteritisLiverLiver diseasesResearch laboratoriesUlcersVitamin A ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Generic and trade-name antipsychotic drugs: clinical equivalence
Authors: C P Chien, R Labrie, C G Park, J O Cole, W M Werner
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1976)

The clinical inequivalence of generic versus trade-name drugs has been reported for nonpsychiatric drugs but rarely for psychotropic drugs. Recent expiration of patents on some psychotropic drugs has made the evaluation of the clinical equivalence of generic versus trade-name drugs a matter of interest from methodological, sociopolitical, and economic aspects. The authors discuss these points, with emphasis on methodology, in their report of a double-blind study of the efficacy of chlorpromazine and Thorazine in the treatment of 54 acute schizophrenic patients. An analysis designed to infer the maximum possible advantage of Thorazine over generic chlorpromazine indicated that differences between the two were clinically insignificant.
Insulin and Carbohydrate Tolerance
Authors: Elliott P. Joslin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1929)

Article1 April 1929Insulin and Carbohydrate ToleranceELLIOTT P. JOSLIN, M.D.ELLIOTT P. JOSLIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-2-10-1001 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the same serious spirit with which Brace1approached the problem of the effect of insulin upon the carbohydrate tolerance of diabetics, I have searched my own records and have reached a contrary and more optimistic conclusion and, I trust, explained his less favorable results. If he should reduce the total caloric intake of his patients to levels such as are accepted as normal for healthy individuals, thus involving a reduction of fat in the diet he prescribed, I believe he would be able to increase the carbohydrate in the course of a year with negligible or little increase in...1 BRACE : Annals of Internal Medicine, 1927, 1, 203. LinkGoogle Scholar2 NEWBURGMARSH : Arch. Int. Med., 1920, 26, 647; also ibid, 1923, 31, 455. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 JOSLIN : Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. 4th edition, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1928. Consult Case Index. Google Scholar4 JOSLIN : ibid, p. 634. Google Scholar5 JOSLIN : ibid, p. 121. Google Scholar6 JOSLINWHITE : Jour. Am. Med. Assn., 1929, 92, 143. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7 ODIN : Acta Medica Scand: 1927, Supp. 18, 388. Google Scholar8 JOSLIN : Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Loc. Cit. See Case Indices 3rd and 4th Editions, 1923, 1928. Google Scholar9 JOSLIN : Jour. Metab. Research, 1923, 2, 651; also Treatment Diabetes Mellitus, 4th Ed. p. 825. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston*From the New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Stoffwechselkrankheiten und ihre Behandlung. 1 April 1929Volume 2, Issue 10Page: 1001-1012KeywordsCarbohydratesDietFatsInsulin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1929 PDF downloadLoading ...
PET-CT for detecting the undetected in the ICU
Authors: Sakir Akin, Corstiaan A. den Uil, Christine E. Groeninx van Zoelen, Diederik Gommers
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)

Critically ill patients often have focuses of infection that are difficult to detect. When conventional imaging techniques fail to demonstrate the focus of infection, FDG-PET-CT ([18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography) can be of value [1]. In this case, we present a 62-year-old male patient with a history of aplastic anemia. Two weeks following allogenic stem cell transplantation, he was admitted to the ICU and intubated because of respiratory failure by severe Aspergillus pneumonia. His recovery was complicated by persistent positive blood cultures with Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus epidermidis (CNS), and Escherichia coli. No focus could be found despite extensive investigations, including echography of great vessels and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). After 2 weeks, we performed a PET-CT and found increased activity of fluorodeoxyglucose accumulation at the right atrial appendage (RAA) (Fig. 1). Retrospectively, there was an oscillating structure in the right atrium visible on the stored TEE images that was initially not recognized. We had the working diagnosis of infected thrombus. Intensive antibiotic therapy (meropenem and vancomycin) was continued for 6 weeks combined with therapeutic dosages of unfractionated heparin (UFH), after which blood cultures became negative. During repeat TEE after 12 weeks the RAA thrombus had considerably reduced. After weaning from ventilation, the patient was discharged from ICU after 15 weeks in a reasonable condition.



Fig. 1

a PET/CT images of positive uptake in the right atrial appendage (arrow) of an immunocompromised patient with persisting blood cultures for E. faecium, S. epidermidis (CNS) and E. coli. b Corresponding TEE picture (aortic valve, short axis, right ventricular ...



In conclusion, the use of the FDG-PET-CT should be considered in ICU patients for detection of a focus during unexplained positive blood cultures. The PET scan should be organized in ICU ensuring discontinuation of glucose or insulin-containing intravenous infusions (for at least 6 h) and injection of intravenous radiolabeled FDG in the scan room 1 h before starting the examinations, thereby allowing the patient to return to the ICU within 3 h.
Shigellosis Outbreak Associated With an Unchlorinated Fill-and-Drain Wading Pool--Iowa, 2001
Authors: C. J. Lohff, G. M. Nissen, M. L. Magnant, M. P. Quinlisk, C. L. Tieskoetter, P. L. Kowalski, P. A. Buss, T. A. Link, M. R. Corrigan, J. P. Viner, A. J. Behnke, M. S. DeMartino, A. K. Houston
Journal: JAMA (2001)