tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respectful Maternity Care
Authors: Amy G. Cantor, Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Andrea C. Skelly, Erica L. Hart, Katherine Jorda, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Aaron B. Caughey, Ellen L. Tilden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Background: Severe maternal morbidity and mortality are worse in the United States than in all similar countries, with the greatest effect on Black women. Emerging research suggests that disrespectful care during childbirth contributes to this problem. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review on definitions and valid measurements of respectful maternity care (RMC), its effectiveness for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for those who are pregnant and postpartum, and strategies for implementation. Data Sources: Systematic searches of Ovid Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycInfo, and SocINDEX for English-language studies (inception to July 2023). Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies of interventions of RMC versus usual care for effectiveness studies; additional qualitative and noncomparative validation studies for definitions and measurement studies. Data Extraction: Dual data abstraction and quality assessment using established methods, with resolution of disagreements through consensus. Data Synthesis: Thirty-seven studies were included across all questions, of which 1 provided insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of RMC to improve maternal outcomes and none studied RMC to improve infant outcomes. To define RMC, authors identified 12 RMC frameworks, from which 2 main concepts were identified: disrespect and abuse and rights-based frameworks. Disrespect and abuse components focused on recognizing birth mistreatment; rights-based frameworks incorporated aspects of reproductive justice, human rights, and antiracism. Five overlapping framework themes include freedom from abuse, consent, privacy, dignity, communication, safety, and justice. Twelve tools to measure RMC were validated in 24 studies on content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency, but lack of a gold standard limited evaluation of criterion validity. Three tools specific for RMC had at least 1 study demonstrating consistency internally and with an intended construct relevant to U.S. settings, but no single tool stands out as the best measure of RMC. Limitations: No studies evaluated other health outcomes or RMC implementation strategies. The lack of definition and gold standard limit evaluation of RMC tools. Conclusion: Frameworks for RMC are well described but vary in their definitions. Tools to measure RMC demonstrate consistency but lack a gold standard, requiring further evaluation before implementation in U.S. settings. Evidence is lacking on the effectiveness of implementing RMC to improve any maternal or infant health outcome. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42023394769)
Rates of Downstream Procedures and Complications Associated With Lung Cancer Screening in Routine Clinical Practice
Authors: Katharine A. Rendle, Chelsea A. Saia, Anil Vachani, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, V. Paul Doria-Rose, Sarah Beucker, Christine Neslund-Dudas, Caryn Oshiro, Roger Y. Kim, Jennifer Elston-Lafata, Stacey A. Honda, Debra Ritzwoller, Jocelyn V. Wainwright, Nandita Mitra, Robert T. Greenlee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Background: Lung cancer screening (LCS) using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality but can lead to downstream procedures, complications, and other potential harms. Estimates of these events outside NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) have been variable and lacked evaluation by screening result, which allows more direct comparison with trials. Objective: To identify rates of downstream procedures and complications associated with LCS. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: 5 U.S. health care systems. Patients: Individuals who completed a baseline LDCT scan for LCS between 2014 and 2018. Measurements: Outcomes included downstream imaging, invasive diagnostic procedures, and procedural complications. For each, absolute rates were calculated overall and stratified by screening result and by lung cancer detection, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: Among the 9266 screened patients, 1472 (15.9%) had a baseline LDCT scan showing abnormalities, of whom 140 (9.5%) were diagnosed with lung cancer within 12 months (positive predictive value, 9.5% [95% CI, 8.0% to 11.0%]; negative predictive value, 99.8% [CI, 99.7% to 99.9%]; sensitivity, 92.7% [CI, 88.6% to 96.9%]; specificity, 84.4% [CI, 83.7% to 85.2%]). Absolute rates of downstream imaging and invasive procedures in screened patients were 31.9% and 2.8%, respectively. In patients undergoing invasive procedures after abnormal findings, complication rates were substantially higher than those in NLST (30.6% vs. 17.7% for any complication; 20.6% vs. 9.4% for major complications). Limitation: Assessment of outcomes was retrospective and was based on procedural coding. Conclusion: The results indicate substantially higher rates of downstream procedures and complications associated with LCS in practice than observed in NLST. Diagnostic management likely needs to be assessed and improved to ensure that screening benefits outweigh potential harms. Primary Funding Source: National Cancer Institute and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.
Annals On Call - Low-Cost Generic Cardiovascular Drugs
Authors: Robert M. Centor, Cynthia A. Jackevicius
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Web Exclusives2 January 2024Annals On Call - Low-Cost Generic Cardiovascular DrugsFREERobert M. Centor, MD, and Cynthia A. Jackevicius, BScPhm, PharmD, MScRobert M. Centor, MDHuntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.), and Cynthia A. Jackevicius, BScPhm, PharmD, MScWestern University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, ICES, Toronto, Canada, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.A.J.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/A23-0001 CME/MOC SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the availability of recommended cardiovascular drugs in low-cost generic drug programs with Dr. Cynthia Jackevicius.Annals articles discussed include...Evidence-Based Cardiovascular Disease Medicines' Availability in Low-Cost Generic Drug Programs in the United States. A Cross-Sectional Study: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M23-0287About Annals On CallAnnals On Call focuses on a clinically influential article published in Annals of Internal Medicine. Dr. Robert Centor shares his own perspective on the material and interviews topic area experts to discuss, debate, and share diverse insights about patient care and health care delivery.For more information on Annals On Call and for more episodes, visit go.annals.org/OnCall. Comments 0 Comments Sign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert M. Centor, MD; Cynthia A. Jackevicius, BScPhm, PharmD, MScAffiliations: Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama (R.M.C.)Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, ICES, Toronto, Canada, and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.A.J.)Disclosures: All relevant financial relationships have been mitigated. Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=A23-0001.Editors' Disclosures: The editors have no relevant financial relationships to disclose. Individual forms may be viewed at www.annals.org/editorsdisclosures.This article was published at Annals.org on 2 January 2024. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEvidence-Based Cardiovascular Disease Medicines' Availability in Low-Cost Generic Drug Programs in the United States Ivy T. Ton , Jungyeon Moon , Anthony Sengul , Freny Vaghaiwalla Mody , Towhid Rahman , Janet K. Han , and Cynthia A. Jackevicius Metrics Latest ePublished: 2 January 2024 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2024 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
In acute decompensated HF, adding acetazolamide to IV loop diuretics reduced congestion at 3 d across eGFR levels
Authors: Daniel Rospert, Donald A. Molony
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

ACP Journal Club2 January 2024In acute decompensated HF, adding acetazolamide to IV loop diuretics reduced congestion at 3 d across eGFR levelsDaniel Rospert, MD, Donald A. Molony, MDDaniel Rospert, MDMcGovern Medical School, UTHealth–University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA (D.R., D.A.M.), Donald A. Molony, MDMcGovern Medical School, UTHealth–University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA (D.R., D.A.M.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/J23-0111 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMeekers E, Dauw J, Martens P, et al. Renal function and decongestion with acetazolamide in acute decompensated heart failure: the ADVOR trial. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3672-3682. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37623428Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: Geriatrics: Nephrology: References1. Verbrugge FH, Martens P, Ameloot K, et al. Acetazolamide to increase natriuresis in congestive heart failure at high risk for diuretic resistance. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:1415-1422. [PMID: 31074184] Google Scholar2. Schulze PC, Bogoviku J, Westphal J, et al. Effects of early empagliflozin initiation on diuresis and kidney function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPAG-HF). Circulation. 2022;146:289-298. [PMID: 35766022] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel Rospert, MD; Donald A. Molony, MDAffiliations: McGovern Medical School, UTHealth–University of Texas, Houston, Texas, USA (D.R., D.A.M.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=J23-0111.This article was published at Annals.org on 2 January 2024.ACP Journal Club is editorially independent from Annals of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics January 2024Volume 177, Issue 1Page: JC2KeywordsDiureticsEdemaEstimated glomerular filtration rateHazard ratioHeart failureHospitalizationsNatriuretic peptidesOdds ratioPotassiumSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors ePublished: 2 January 2024 Issue Published: January 2024 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2024 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In noncardiac thoracic surgery, low-dose colchicine did not reduce AF or myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery at 14 d
Authors: Jose Lopez, Steven Borzak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Source Citation Conen D, Ke Wang M, Popova E, et al; COP-AF Investigators. Effect of colchicine on perioperative atrial fibrillation and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery in patients undergoing major thoracic surgery (COP-AF): an international randomised trial. Lancet. 2023;402:1627-1635. 37640035
CRC screening with sigmoidoscopy extends life by 110 d; other cancer screening tests do not extend life
Authors: Thomas F. Imperiale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Source Citation Bretthauer M, Wieszczy P, Løberg M, et al. Estimated lifetime gained with cancer screening tests: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. JAMA Intern Med. 2023;183:1196-1203. 37639247
FAK-p38 signaling serves as a potential target for reverting matrix stiffness-modulated liver sinusoidal endothelial cell defenestration
Authors: Xiaoyu Zhang, Peiwen Li, Jin Zhou, Ziliang Zhang, Huan Wu, Xinyu Shu, Wang Li, Yi Wu, Yu Du, Dongyuan Lü, Shouqin Lü, Ning Li, Mian Long
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Prognostic value of ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing of circulating tumor DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma under systemic treatment
Authors: Miguel Sogbe, Idoia Bilbao, Francesco P. Marchese, Jon Zazpe, Annarosaria De Vito, Marta Pozuelo, Delia D’Avola, Mercedes Iñarrairaegui, Carmen Berasain, Maria Arechederra, Josepmaria Argemi, Bruno Sangro
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2024)

New prognostic markers are needed to identify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who carry a worse prognosis. Ultra-low-pass whole-genome sequencing (ULP-WGS) (≤0.5× coverage) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has emerged as a low-cost promising tool to assess both circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fraction and large structural genomic alterations. Here, we studied the performance of ULP-WGS of plasma cfDNA to infer prognosis in patients with HCC. Plasma samples were obtained from patients with HCC prior to surgery, locoregional or systemic therapy, and were analyzed by ULP-WGS of cfDNA to an average genome-wide fold coverage of 0.3x. ctDNA and copy number alterations (CNA) were estimated using the software package ichorCNA. Samples were obtained from 73 HCC patients at different BCLC stages (BCLC 0/A: n=37, 50.7%; BCLC B/C: n=36, 49.3%). ctDNA was detected in 18 out of 31 patients who received systemic treatment. Patients with detectable ctDNA showed significantly worse overall survival (median, 13.96 months vs not reached). ctDNA remained an independent predictor of prognosis after adjustment by clinical-pathologic features and type of systemic treatment (hazard ratio 7.69; 95%, CI 2.09-28.27). Among ctDNA-positive patients under systemic treatments, the loss of large genomic regions in 5q and 16q arms was associated with worse prognosis after multivariate analysis. ULP-WGS of cfDNA provides clinically relevant information about the tumor biology. The presence of ctDNA and the loss of 5q and 16q arms in ctDNA-positive patients are independent predictors of worse prognosis in patients with advanced HCC receiving systemic therapy.
Contemporary Management and Outcomes of Patients With High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Taisei Kobayashi, Steven Pugliese, Sanjum S. Sethi, Sahil A. Parikh, Joshua Goldberg, Fahad Alkhafan, Clara Vitarello, Kenneth Rosenfield, Robert Lookstein, Brent Keeling, Andrew Klein, C. Michael Gibson, Lauren Glassmoyer, Sameer Khandhar, Eric Secemsky, Jay Giri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Lung-to-Heart Nano-in-Micro Peptide Promotes Cardiac Recovery in a Pig Model of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Alessio Alogna, Leonhard Berboth, Alessandro Faragli, Jens Ötvös, Francesco Paolo Lo Muzio, Vittoria di Mauro, Jessica Modica, Eride Quarta, Lukas Semmler, Peter Maximilian Deißler, Yannic Wanja Berger, Khai Liem Tran, Beatrice de Marchi, Gianluigi Longinotti-Buitoni, Lorenzo Degli Esposti, Etienne Guillot, Didier Bazile, Michele Iafisco, Alessandro Dotti, Marie-Louise Bang, Claudio de Luca, Christina Brandenberger, Louise Benazzi, Dario di Silvestre, Antonella de Palma, Uwe Primeßnig, Felix Hohendanner, Simone Perna, Francesca Buttini, Paolo Colombo, Christian Mühlfeld, Paul Steendijk, Pierluigi Mauri, Carsten Tschöpe, Barry Borlaug, Burkert M Pieske, Philipp Attanasio, Heiner Post, Frank R Heinzel, Daniele Catalucci
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

The lack of disease-modifying drugs is one of the major unmet needs in patients with heart failure (HF). Peptides are highly selective molecules with the potential to act directly on cardiomyocytes. However, a strategy for effective delivery of therapeutics to the heart is lacking. In this study, the authors sought to assess tolerability and efficacy of an inhalable lung-to-heart nano-in-micro technology (LungToHeartNIM) for cardiac-specific targeting of a mimetic peptide (MP), a first-in-class for modulating impaired L-type calcium channel (LTCC) trafficking, in a clinically relevant porcine model of HF. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was induced in Göttingen minipigs by means of tachypacing over 6 weeks. In a setting of overt HFrEF (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] 30% ± 8%), animals were randomized and treatment was started after 4 weeks of tachypacing. HFrEF animals inhaled either a dry powder composed of mannitol-based microparticles embedding biocompatible MP-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles (dpCaP-MP) or the LungToHeartNIM only (dpCaP without MP). Efficacy was evaluated with the use of echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics, and biomarker assessment. DpCaP-MP inhalation restored systolic function, as shown by an absolute LVEF increase over the treatment period of 17% ± 6%, while reversing cardiac remodeling and reducing pulmonary congestion. The effect was recapitulated ex vivo in cardiac myofibrils from treated HF animals. The treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse events occurred. The overall tolerability of LungToHeartNIM along with the beneficial effects of the LTCC modulator point toward a game-changing treatment for HFrEF patients, also demonstrating the effective delivery of a therapeutic peptide to the diseased heart.
Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients Undergoing Cardiac Electrophysiological and Interventional Procedures
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, Dhanunjaya J. Lakkireddy, Jacopo Marazzato, Alejandro Velasco, Juan Carlos Diaz, Rachita Navara, Jonathan Chrispin, Bharath Rajagopalan, Andrea Natale, Sanghamitra Mohanty, Xiaodong Zhang, Domenico Della Rocca, Aarti Dalal, Ki Park, Jose Wiley, Wayne Batchelor, Jim W. Cheung, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Jorge Romero
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Cell-free DNA reveals distinct pathology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Temesgen E. Andargie, Katerina Roznik, Neelam Redekar, Tom Hill, Weiqiang Zhou, Zainab Apalara, Hyesik Kong, Oren Gordon, Rohan Meda, Woojin Park, Trevor S. Johnston, Yi Wang, Sheila Brady, Hongkai Ji, Jack A. Yanovski, Moon K. Jang, Clarence M. Lee, Andrew H. Karaba, Andrea L. Cox, Sean Agbor-Enoh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)
Novel Techniques in Imaging Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ritu Sachdeva, Aimee K. Armstrong, Rima Arnaout, Lars Grosse-Wortmann, B. Kelly Han, Luc Mertens, Ryan A. Moore, Laura J. Olivieri, Anitha Parthiban, Andrew J. Powell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Getting to the heart of Lewy body disease
Authors: Anna E. Goodheart, Craig Blackstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Early identification of neurodegenerative diseases before extensive neuronal loss or disabling symptoms have occurred is imperative for effective use of disease-modifying therapies. Emerging data indicate that central Lewy body diseases - Parkinson disease and dementia with Lewy bodies - can begin in the peripheral nervous system, opening up a therapeutic window before central involvement. In this issue of the JCI, Goldstein et al. report that cardiac 18F-dopamine positron emission tomography reveals lower activity selectively in individuals with several self-reported Parkinson disease risk factors who later develop Parkinson disease or dementia with Lewy bodies. Accurately identifying which at-risk individuals will develop central Lewy body disease will optimize early patient selection for disease-modifying therapies.
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy combinations for neuroendocrine tumours in ongoing clinical trials: status 2023
Authors: Gianpaolo di Santo, Giulia Santo, Anna Sviridenko, Irene Virgolini
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

A growing body of literature reports on the combined use of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with other anti-tumuor therapies in order to anticipate synergistic effects with perhaps increased safety issues.Combination treatments to enhance PRRT outcome are based on improved tumour perfusion, upregulation of somatostatin receptors (SSTR), radiosensitization with DNA damaging agents or targeted therapies.Several Phase 1 or 2 trials are currently recruiting patients in combined regimens.The combination of PRRT with cytotoxic chemotherapy, capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM), seems to become clinically useful especially in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) with acceptable safety profile.Neoadjuvant PRRT prior to surgery, PRRT combinations of intravenous and intraarterial routes of application, combinations of PRRT with differently radiolabelled (alpha, beta, Auger) SSTR-targeting agonists and antagonists, inhibitors of immune checkpoints (ICIs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1i), tyrosine kinase (TKI), DNA-dependent protein kinase, ribonucleotide reductase or DNA methyltransferase (DMNT) are tested in currently ongoing clinical trials.The combination with [ 131 I]I-MIBG in rare NETs (such as paraganglioma, pheochromocytoma) and new non-SSTR-targeting radioligands are used in the personalization process of treatment.The present review will provide an overview of the current status of ongoing PRRT combination treatments.
Engineered bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a versatile bacteria-based weapon against gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Keshuang Zheng, Yongpu Feng, Lei Li, Fanyang Kong, Jie Gao, Xiangyu Kong
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanoscale lipid bilayer structures released by gram-negative bacteria.They share membrane composition and properties with their originating cells, making them adept at traversing cellular barriers.These OMVs have demonstrated exceptional membrane stability, immunogenicity, safety, penetration, and tumor-targeting properties, which have been leveraged in developing vaccines and drug delivery systems.Recent research efforts have focused on engineering OMVs to increase production yield, reduce cytotoxicity, and improve the safety and efficacy of treatment.Notably, gastrointestinal (GI) tumors have proven resistant to several traditional oncological treatment strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy.Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in some patients, their usage as monotherapy remains limited by tumor heterogeneity and individual variability.The immunogenic and modifiable nature of OMVs makes them an ideal design platform for the individualized treatment of GI tumors.OMV-based therapy enables combination therapy and optimization of anti-tumor effects.This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in OMV engineering for GI tumor therapy and discusses the challenges in the clinical translation of emerging OMV-based anti-tumor therapies.
Nanoparticle technology for mRNA: Delivery strategy, clinical application and developmental landscape
Authors: Xiang Li, Jing Qi, Juan Wang, Weiwei Hu, Weichang Zhou, Yi Wang, Tao Li
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

The mRNA vaccine, a groundbreaking advancement in the field of immunology, has garnered international recognition by being awarded the prestigious Nobel Prize, which has emerged as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic modality for various diseases, especially in cancer, rare disease, and infectious disease such as COVID-19, wherein successful mRNA treatment can be achieved by improving the stability of mRNA and introducing a safe and effective delivery system. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems, such as lipid nanoparticles, lipoplexes, polyplexes, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles and others, have attracted great interest and have been explored for mRNA delivery. Nanoscale platforms can protect mRNA from extracellular degradation while promoting endosome escape after endocytosis, hence improving the efficacy. This review provides an overview of diverse nanoplatforms utilized for mRNA delivery in preclinical and clinical stages, including formulation, preparation process, transfection efficiency, and administration route. Furthermore, the market situation and prospects of mRNA vaccines are discussed here.