tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Models for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Jarin Tusnim, Peter Kutuzov, Jonathan M. Grasman
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) resulting in lesions is highly prevalent clinically, but current therapeutic approaches fail to provide satisfactory outcomes in many patients. While peripheral nerves have intrinsic regenerative capacity, the regenerative capabilities of peripheral nerves are often insufficient to restore full functionality. This highlights an unmet need for developing more effective strategies to repair damaged peripheral nerves and improve regenerative success. Consequently, researchers are actively exploring a variety of therapeutic strategies, encompassing the local delivery of trophic factors or bioactive molecules, the design of advanced biomaterials that interact with regenerating axons, and augmentation with nerve guidance conduits or complex prostheses. However, clinical translation of these technologies remains limited, emphasizing the need for continued research on peripheral nerve regeneration modalities that can enhance functional restoration. Experimental models that accurately recapitulate key aspects of peripheral nerve injury and repair biology can accelerate therapeutic development by enabling systematic testing of new techniques. Advancing regenerative therapies for PNI requires bridging the gap between basic science discoveries and clinical application. This review discusses different in vitro models of peripheral nerve injury and repair, including their advantages, limitations, and potential applications.
Toward long-term and high-precision multimodal intracranial biomarker monitoring
Authors: Junduo Liu, Ming Yuan, Baijun Li, Yunxiang Long, Jia Zhao, Ting Lin, Feng Xu, Jun Wang, Yunsheng Fang
Journal: Med-X (2024)

Abstract Long-term and high-precision intracranial biomarker monitoring is crucial for the diagnosis, prevention, and prognosis of various diseases. However, existing technologies are associated with several issues of poor measurement accuracy, inability to monitor long-term and inadequate biocompatibility. To address these, minimally invasive implantable ultrasound metagel sensors have been developed for monitoring intracranial pressure, temperature, pH, and blood flow velocity. The sensor can quickly respond to changes in ultrasound frequency for high-precision monitoring of key physiological signals compared to current clinical gold standards. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and can degrade almost completely within 18 weeks, without causing hematological disorders or systemic inflammatory responses.
Gamabufotalin loaded micro-nanocomposites for multimodal therapy of metastatic TNBC by efficiently inducing ICD
Authors: Jialong Fan, Yan Qin, Wensheng Qiu, Jiahao Liang, Chang Xiao, Qian Xie, Chunyi Tong, Liqin Yuan, Ying Long, Bin Liu
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
N-protein vaccine is effective against COVID-19: phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sevastyan O Rabdano, Ellina A Ruzanova, Anastasiya E Vertyachikh, Valeriya A Teplykh, Alla B Emelyanova, German O Rudakov, Sergei A Arakelov, Iuliia V Pletyukhina, Nikita S Saveliev, Anna A Lukovenko, Liliya N Fakhretdinova, Ariana S Safi, Ekaterina N Zhirenkina, Irina N Polyakova, Natalia S Belozerova, Vladislav V Klykov, Arina P Savelieva, Aleksey A Ekimov, Konstantin V Pokachalov, Vadim A Merkulov, Sergei M Yudin, Daria S Kruchko, Igor A Berzin, Veronika I Skvortsova
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)
Botulinum toxin for Raynaud´s phenomenon: a decade of real-world evidence
Authors: Elena Lucía Pinto-Pulido, Isabel Polo-Rodríguez, Elena García-Verdú, Paola Merlo-Gómez, Laura Martínez-Alcalde, Lucía Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Susana Medina-Montalvo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Multimodality Evaluation of Persistent Hyperparathyroidism in a Rare Case of Ectopic Submandibular Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Yeshwanth Edamadaka, Gaurav Malhotra, Aaditya Daga, Saba S. Memon, Anurag R. Lila, Tushar Bandgar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 53-year-old woman of primary hyperparathyroidism with both ultrasound neck examination and planar 99m Tc-MIBI scan being negative revealed a tracer-avid focus in the left submandibular region in early (15 minutes postinjection) 99m Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT views, raising a suspicion of rare ectopic parathyroid adenoma. This finding was correlated on 4D-CT and confirmed on histopathology following surgical excision. Submandibular region is an unusual location for ectopic parathyroid adenoma. Nevertheless, high degree of suspicion with utilization of multimodality imaging including 99m Tc MIBI-SPECT/CT and 4D-CT improves preoperative detection of parathyroid adenoma at rare ectopic sites as seen in this case of persistent hyperparathyroidism.
<b>Prospects for the convergence of polyphenols with pharmaceutical drugs in Type 2 Diabetes: challenges, risks, and strategies</b>
Authors: S Allamreddy, M Arora, R Ganugula, R Friend, R Basu, M N V Ravi Kumar
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2024)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that can lead to a variety of life-threatening secondary health conditions. Current treatment strategies primarily revolve around tight glucose control that is difficult to achieve and often turns out to be dangerous due to possible hypoglycemic events. Numerous long-term studies have demonstrated that complex pathways, including low-grade inflammation due to fluctuating glucose levels, are involved in the progression of the disease and the development of secondary health conditions. Growing clinical evidence supports the effectiveness of using multiple medications, possibly in combination with insulin, to effectively manage T2DM. On the other hand, despite the huge, largely untapped potential therapeutic benefit of 'polyphenols', there remains a general skepticism of the practice. However, for any evidence-based clinical intervention, the balance of benefits and risks takes center stage and is governed by biopharmaceutics principles. In this article, we outline the current clinical perspectives on pharmaceutical drug combinations, rationale for early initiation of insulin, and the advantages of novel dosage forms to meet the pathophysiological changes of T2DM, emphasizing the need for further clinical studies to substantiate these approaches. We also make the case for traditional medicines and their combinations with pharmaceutical drugs and outline the inherent challenges in doing so, while also providing recommendations for future research and clinical practice. Significance Statement Type 2 diabetes is associated with life-threatening secondary health conditions that are often difficult to treat. This review provides an in-depth account of preventing/delaying secondary health conditions through combination therapies and emphasizes the role of effective delivery strategies in realizing the translation of such combinations. We will build the case for the importance of polyphenols in diabetes, determine the reasons for skepticism, and potential combinations with pharmaceutical drugs.
Functional Characterization of Anti-C3bBb Autoantibodies and C3 Glomerulopathy Phenotype
Authors: Julia Roquigny, Marie-Sophie Meuleman, Carine el Sissy, Mathilde Cailliez, Aude Servais, Gwenaelle Roussey, Véronique Baudouin, Stéphane Decramer, François Nobili, Alain Wynckel, Anne-Laure Sellier Leclerc, Anne-Laure Lapeyraque, Paula Vieira Martins, Seppo Meri, Marie-Agnès Dragon-Durey, Sophie Chauvet, Véronique Frémeaux-Bacchi
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Dysregulation of the C3bBb convertase is a key factor in the pathogenesis of C3 glomerulopathy and primary Ig-mediated membranoproliferative GN. IgG-driven increase of the C3bBb convertase formation was correlated with C3 consumption. IgG antibodies that promote the formation and the stabilization of the C3bBb convertase were associated with the severity of C3 glomerulopathy. Background C3 nephritic factors, that is, autoantibodies that stabilize the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway are the most frequent acquired abnormality in C3 glomerulopathy and primary Ig-mediated membranoproliferative GN (Ig-MPGN). Methods Our study included 27 patients with C3 glomerulopathy ( n =21) or Ig-MPGN ( n =6), of whom 78% were children at disease onset. At the time of sampling, 13/19 patients (68%) with low C3 levels and 8/8 patients (100%) with normal C3 levels were positive for C3 nephritic factors by hemolytic assay. Using novel Luminex assays, we performed a screening for IgG that recognize and affect the formation and/or the stabilization of the alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3bBb). Results Using Luminex assays, an increase in C3bBb formation and/or stabilization was observed in the presence of IgG from 18/27 patients, including nine with a double-function, six only enhancing the C3bBb formation, and three that exclusively stabilized C3bBb. All patients presenting a formation and stabilization function had a low C3 level versus 55% without this double-function. The level of C3bBb formation correlated to the plasmatic C3 but not soluble C5b-9 levels. The stabilization of C3bBb did not correlate with C3 or soluble C5b-9 levels. At the last follow-up, 5/27 patients (19%) reached kidney failure after a median delay of 87 (52–119) months. The patients positive for double-function anti-C3bBb antibodies had a 5-year kidney survival of 70% compared with 100% in those negative ( P = 0.02). Conclusions Our findings highlight the association of the dual function of C3bBb formation and stabilization with severe C3 consumption and poor kidney survival in C3 glomerulopathy and Ig-MPGN.
Jaundice as a Rare Presentation of Neuroblastoma in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Peng Xie, Lan Yang, Lingge Wei, Huan Ma, Jigang Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Neuroblastoma presenting as obstructive jaundice due to compression of the extrahepatic bile duct is very rare. An 11-month-old girl had sudden onset of jaundice. Initial imaging suggested a dilated biliary system caused by hepatic hilum mass. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed a lesion with increased 18 F-FDG accumulation associated with surrounding enlarged lymph nodes. Surgical pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma associated with multiple lymph node metastases.
Multi- and poly-pharmacology of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Authors: Claudiu T Supuran
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2024)

Eight genetically distinct families of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) have been described in organisms overall in the phylogenetic tree. They catalyze the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons and are involved in pH regulation, chemosensing, and metabolism. The 15 α-CA isoforms present in humans are pharmacological drug targets known for decades, their inhibitors being used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity drugs, as well as for the management of acute mountain sickness, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and recently, as antitumor theragnostic agents. Other potential applications include the use of CA inhibitors (CAIs) in inflammatory conditions, cerebral ischemia, neuropathic pain, or Alzheimer/Parkinson disease management. CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and nematodes have started to be considered as drug targets in recent years, with notable advances being registered. CAIs have a complex multipharmacology probably unique to this enzyme, which has been exploited intensely but may lead to other relevant applications in the future due to the emergence of drug design approaches that afforded highly isoform-selective compounds for most α-CAs known to date. They belong to a multitude of chemical classes (sulfonamides and isosteres, [iso]coumarins and related compounds, mono- and dithiocarbamates, selenols, ninhydrines, boronic acids, benzoxaboroles, etc). The polypharmacology of CAIs will also be discussed because drugs originally discovered for the treatment of non-CA related conditions (topiramate, zonisamide, celecoxib, pazopanib, thiazide, and high-ceiling diuretics) show effective inhibition against many CAs, which led to their repurposing for diverse pharmacological applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: CAIs have multiple pharmacologic applications, such as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antiobesity, antiacute mountain sickness, anti-idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and antitumor drugs. Their use in inflammatory conditions, cerebral ischemia, neuropathic pain, or neurodegenerations has started to be investigated recently. Parasite carbonic anhydrases are also drug targets for anti-infectives with novel mechanisms of action that can bypass drug resistance to commonly used agents. Drugs discovered for the management of other conditions that effectively inhibit these enzymes exert interesting polypharmacologic effects.
Incidental Detection of Brain Metastases From a Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma at 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in a Context of Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Mathilde Didier, François Godard, Cléa Fraisse, Léo Morin, Clément Drouet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract This 65-year-old man suffering from hypercalcemia in a context of hyperparathyroidism treated by calcimimetics was referred to our institution to perform an 18 F-fluorocholine PET/CT in order to localize the pathological parathyroid gland(s). We incidentally discovered a brain metastatic pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in addition to a parathyroid adenoma. This case illustrates the value of FCH PET/CT in hyperparathyroidism workup event under calcimimetic treatment, as well as the potential of FCH PET/CT to reveal occult malignancies.
18F-FAPI PET/CT Imaging in a Case of Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Haopeng Ni, Yanzhao Dong, Sahar Ahmed Abdalbary, Zhenfeng Liu, Hui Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin, known for its propensity for metastasis and challenging early diagnosis, primarily affecting adolescents and young adults. This case report illustrates the utility of 18 F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor PET/CT in an 18-year-old woman with synovial sarcoma primarily located in the left calf and metastases in the left thoracic cavity.
68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis for Recurrence and Therapeutic Response Assessment
Authors: Mengna Liu, Ranbie Tang, Xi Chen, Liang Cai, Zhanwen Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 2-and-a-half-year-old boy with a previous history of Langerhans cell histiocytosis reached remission as assessed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Routine follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed the appearance of new bone lesions in the right scapula and right ischium with abnormal FDG activity 3 months after the end of treatment, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis recurrence was considered. Meanwhile, these lesions also showed increased FAPI uptake. After adjusting the chemotherapy regimen, both FDG and FAPI uptake almost disappeared in these lesions.
Cross-Modality Image Translation From Brain 18F-FDG PET/CT Images to Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Images Using the CypixGAN Framework
Authors: Sangwon Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Yong Choi, Eunyeong Seok, Jiwoong Jung, Hyunkeong Lim, Dongwoo Kim, Mijin Yun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose PET/CT and MRI can accurately diagnose dementia but are expensive and inconvenient for patients. Therefore, we aimed to generate synthetic fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images from 18 F-FDG PET and CT images of the human brain using a generative adversarial network (GAN)–based deep learning framework called the CypixGAN, which combined the CycleGAN framework with the L1 loss function of the pix2pix. Patients and Methods Data from 143 patients who underwent PET/CT and MRI were used for training (n = 79), validation (n = 20), and testing (n = 44) the deep learning frameworks. Synthetic FLAIR images were generated using the pix2pix, CycleGAN, and CypixGAN, and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) were then segmented. The performance of CypixGAN was compared with that of the other frameworks. Results The CypixGAN outperformed the pix2pix and CycleGAN in generating synthetic FLAIR images with superior visual quality. Peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index (mean ± standard deviation) estimated using the CypixGAN (20.23 ± 1.31 and 0.80 ± 0.02, respectively) were significantly higher than those estimated using the pix2pix (19.35 ± 1.43 and 0.79 ± 0.02, respectively) and CycleGAN (18.74 ± 1.49 and 0.78 ± 0.02, respectively) ( P &lt; 0.001). WMHs in synthetic FLAIR images generated using the CypixGAN closely resembled those in ground-truth images, as indicated by the low absolute percentage volume differences and high dice similarity coefficients. Conclusions The CypixGAN generated high-quality FLAIR images owing to the preservation of spatial information despite using unpaired images. This framework may help improve diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness of PET/CT when MRI scan is unavailable.
18F-FDG PET Metabolic Parameters for the Prediction of Histological Response to Induction Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Mikhail Yadgarov, Levan Berikashvili, Elena Rakova, Yury Likar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the ability of 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters to predict the histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. Patients and Methods This systematic review and network meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA-NMA and Cochrane guidelines. Electronic databases were searched from January 2008 to January 2024; this search was supplemented by snowballing methods. The risk of bias was evaluated with QUADAS-2, and evidence certainty was assessed using the GRADE approach. The prognostic value of 18 F-FDG PET/CT parameters, including pretreatment and posttreatment SUVs (SUV1, SUV2 and the SUV2/SUV1 ratio), metabolic tumor volume (MTV1, MTV2, ΔMTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG1, TLG2, ΔTLG), was examined. Results The meta-analysis of 18 studies (714 patients) identified the ΔTLG, ΔMTV, and SUV ratio as superior predictors of histological response. The changes in metabolic activity, as indicated by these parameters, provided a robust indication of treatment effectiveness. Baseline parameters showed limited predictive value compared with posttreatment assessments. The study’s robustness was confirmed through meta-regression, which revealed that the predictive value of the SUV2 and SUV ratio was consistent across various cutoff thresholds. Conclusions 18 F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters, particularly those measuring changes posttherapy, are effective in predicting the histological response in patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. These findings underscore the potential of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in guiding early treatment decisions, thereby enhancing personalized therapeutic approaches.
Simultaneous Metastatic Involvement of Bilateral Testes and Left Spermatic Cord in Prostate Cancer Detected on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT
Authors: Piyush Aggarwal, Kirti Gupta, Ashwani Sood, Girdhar Singh Bora, Shikha Goyal, Harmandeep Singh, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Bilateral testicular involvement in prostate cancer is quite rare. It is often associated with widespread systemic disease and inadequate response to systemic therapy. We present a case of metastatic prostate cancer with bilateral testicular metastases and simultaneous involvement of the left spermatic cord detected on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and confirmed on the histopathology of bilateral orchiectomy done for achieving the androgen deprivation status. Early detection of such unusual sites of metastases has poorer prognostic outcome and management implications.
The Platform Trial In COVID-19 Priming and BOOsting (PICOBOO): the immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety of different COVID-19 vaccinations administered as a second booster (fourth dose) in AZD1222 primed individuals aged 50-&lt;70 years old.
Authors: C McLeod, None Dymock, K L Flanagan, M Plebanski, H Marshall, M J Estcourt, M C Tjiam, C Blyth, K Subbarao, F L Mordant, S Nicholson, S N Faust, U Wadia, R B Thornton, Zoe Ellis, A Mckenzie, J A Marsh, T L Snelling, P Richmond
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Findings in Adult-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis
Authors: Zehranur Tosunoğlu, Göksel Alçın, Esra Arslan, Nurhan Ergül, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Rasmussen encephalitis is a rare condition characterized by chronic, progressive encephalitis. Typically, it involves one cerebral hemisphere and manifests through intractable epileptic seizures. Its occurrence in adults is notably infrequent. In this case, we presented the observations from an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan of a 70-year-old man diagnosed with Rasmussen encephalitis, where MRI displayed nonspecific findings.
Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumor on 18F-FDG and 18F-FAP-42 PET/CT
Authors: Yingqi Luo, Xiaowen Qin, Ying Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor is a rare benign disease. We describe the 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FAPI-42 PET/CT findings of hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor in a 57-year-old man. Compared with 18 F-FDG, 18 F-FAPI-42 PET/CT identified more lesions and showed more intense uptake within the lesions. This case illustrates that hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor should be contemplated in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions with increased 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FAPI-42 uptake. 18 F-FAPI-42 PET/CT might be used as a helpful tool for evaluating hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor.
Extensive Pulmonary AL Amyloidosis Mimicking Miliary Tuberculosis
Authors: Dilara Denizmen, Emine Goknur Isik, Dogu Vuralli Bakkaloglu, Fikret Buyukkaya, Yasemin Sanli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Amyloidosis is a misfolded protein deposition disorder within the extracellular matrix, leading to dysfunction in the affected organ. Primary amyloidosis manifests as AL and ATTR subtypes, wherein AL is associated with plasma cell dyscrasias. Herein we present a case of a patient who underwent investigation due to the presence of bilateral reticulonodular lung infiltrates, suggestive of miliary tuberculosis. 99m Tc-PYP scan revealed widespread radiotracer uptake in the lungs leading to diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.