tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Novel method for quantifying fluctuations in wearable derived daily cardiovascular parameters across the menstrual cycle
Authors: Summer R. Jasinski, David M. Presby, Gregory J. Grosicki, Emily R. Capodilupo, Victoria H. Lee
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract Currently, knowledge of changes in cardiovascular function across the menstrual cycle and how these changes may inform upon underlying health is limited. Utilizing wrist-worn biometric data we developed a novel measure to quantify and investigate the cardiovascular fluctuation (i.e. cardiovascular amplitude) within resting heart rate (RHR) and heart rate variability (RMSSD) across 11,590 participants and 45,811 menstrual cycles. Within participants, RHR and RMSSD fluctuated in a regular pattern throughout the menstrual cycle, with population RHR min and RMSSD max at cycle day 5, RHR max at day 26, and RMSSD min at day 27. Cardiovascular amplitude was attenuated ( p &lt; 0.05) in older participants and participants using birth control, suggesting the novel metric may mirror differences in hormonal fluctuations in these cohorts. Longitudinal tracking of cardiovascular amplitude may offer accessible non-invasive monitoring of female physiology and underlying health across the menstrual cycle.
Author correction to “SHP2 inhibition triggers anti-tumor immunity and synergizes with PD-1 blockade” [Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 9 (2019) 304-315]
Authors: Mingxia Zhao, Wenjie Guo, Yuanyuan Wu, Chenxi Yang, Liang Zhong, Guoliang Deng, Yuyu Zhu, Wen Liu, Yanhong Gu, Yin Lu, Lingdong Kong, Xiangbao Meng, Qiang Xu, Yang Sun
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)
Mpox Cases in 2022 in Türkiye and Lessons for 2024
Authors: Büşra Zeynep Bayıcı, Sama Mahmoud Abdel-Rahman, Şiran Keske, Selda Kutlu, Funda Şimşek, Dilek Yıldız Sevgi, Okan Derin, Önder Ergönül
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
An umbrella review on how digital health intervention co-design is conducted and described
Authors: Alicia Kilfoy, Ting-Chen Chloe Hsu, Charlotte Stockton-Powdrell, Pauline Whelan, Charlene H. Chu, Lindsay Jibb
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Co-design has been suggested to improve intervention effectiveness and sustainability. However, digital health intervention co-design is inconsistently reported. This umbrella review aims to synthesize what is known about co-design of digital health interventions. We searched five databases from inception. Reviews which reported on co-design methodologies used in digital health were eligible. Information on review type, health conditions, and reported specifics of co-design were extracted and synthesized. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 tool. We included 21 reviews published between 2015 and 2023. Co-design participants included patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals. The frequency and breadth of participant involvement in co-design activities were reported in less than half of reviews. Participants evaluated intervention co-design as a positive process. All reviews were rated as critically low quality. This umbrella review highlights the inconsistent reporting of co-design in digital health. Here, we emphasize the importance of creating guidelines to direct co-design activities.
A modelling framework to characterize the impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota diversity
Authors: Carlos Olivares, Etienne Ruppé, Stéphanie Ferreira, Tanguy Corbel, Antoine Andremont, Jean de Gunzburg, Jeremie Guedj, Charles Burdet
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Metagenomic sequencing deepened our knowledge about the role of the intestinal microbiota in human health, and several studies with various methodologies explored its dynamics during antibiotic treatments. We compared the impact of four widely used antibiotics on the gut bacterial diversity. We used plasma and fecal samples collected during and after treatment from healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment either by ceftriaxone (1 g every 24 h through IV route), ceftazidime/avibactam (2 g/500 mg every 8 h through IV route), piperacillin/tazobactam (1 g/500 mg every 8 h through IV route) or moxifloxacin (400 mg every 24 h through oral route). Antibiotic concentrations were measured in plasma and feces, and bacterial diversity was assessed by the Shannon index from 16S rRNA gene profiling. The relationship between the evolutions of antibiotic fecal exposure and bacterial diversity was modeled using non-linear mixed effects models. We compared the impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota diversity by simulation, using various reconstructed pharmacodynamic indices. Piperacillin/tazobactam was characterized by the highest impact in terms of intensity of perturbation (maximal [IQR] loss of diversity of 27.3% [1.9; 40.0]), while moxifloxacin had the longest duration of perturbation, with a time to return to 95% of baseline value after the last administration of 13.2 d [8.3; 19.1]. Overall, moxifloxacin exhibited the highest global impact, followed by piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam and ceftriaxone. Their AUC between day 0 and day 42 of the change of diversity indices from day 0 were, respectively, −13.2 Shannon unit.day [−20.4; −7.9], −10.9 Shannon unit.day [−20.4; −0.6] and −10.1 Shannon unit.day [−18.3; −4.6]. We conclude that antibiotics alter the intestinal diversity to varying degrees, both within and between antibiotics families. Such studies are needed to help antibiotic stewardship in using the antibiotics with the lowest impact on the intestinal microbiota.
Efficacy and Safety of Tildrakizumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis of the Scalp: Week 52 Results From a Phase 3b, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Howard L Sofen, Kurt Gebauer, Lynda Spelman, Paul S Yamauchi, Siu-Long Yao, Tushar Nishandar, Iris Kopeloff, Michael Crane, Ranga Gogineni, Mudgal Kothekar, Jerry Bagel
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)

In the primary analysis of a Phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis affecting the scalp (NCT03897088), tildrakizumab, an anti-interleukin-23 p19 antibody, met the primary efficacy endpoint at Week (W)16.
Widening Selection Criteria for Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
Authors: Christelle M. Vandervelde, Stephanie Everaerts, Walter Weder, Christophe Dooms, Dirk-Jan Slebos, Wim Janssens, Laurens J. Ceulemans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

<title>Extract</title> Lung emphysema is a chronic disease that strongly impairs the patient's quality of life (QoL) and survival. In well-selected patients with severe emphysema, who are breathless despite maximal medical care, lung volume reduction (LVR) can improve lung function and exercise capacity to alleviate symptoms and potentially delay or prevent lung transplantation [1, 2]. The main goal of LVR is to reduce hyperinflation by targeting the excess residual volume (RV), increasing dynamic lung volumes and breathing reserve capacity [2]. Patients should be selected by a specialised multidisciplinary team following thorough functional and morphological assessment [3]. The general accepted selection criteria for lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) originate from expert recommendations in the NETT-trial and include forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) 20–45%predicted (%pred), total lung capacity (TLC) >100%pred, RV >150%pred, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (D<sub>LCO</sub>) ≥20%pred, six-minutes walking distance (6MWD) 140–450 meters, absence of coronary artery disease or moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension (mean PAP <35 mmHg) [4].
Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability Testing and Genetic Consult Referral Practice Patterns for Colorectal Cancer in a Community Hospital Based Cancer Center in Rural Central Nebraska.
Authors: Christina Ternent, Whitney Wedel, Soe Min Tun, Shari Fiala, Tonya Peterson, Bronson Reily, Charles Kelly Simpson, Adam Horn, Nicholas Lintel, Carlene Springer, Leslie Robbins, Mehmet Sitki Copur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

Background : MMR protein deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) has distinctive clinical and pathologic features which can be either sporadic or inherited. Mismatch Repair (MMR), Microsatellite Instability (MSI) testing of CRC tumor tissue for absent MMR proteins and BRAF (V600E) mutation has become a routine practice in most tertiary cancer centers. We sought to examine the utilization of MMR and BRAF testing and genetic consultation referral pattern in the diagnostic evaluation and management of CRC patients in a community hospital-based cancer center in rural central Nebraska. Methods : All pathologically confirmed CRC patients diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2023 at Morrison Cancer Center in central rural Nebraska were evaluated. Data on age, gender, tumor location, stage, tumor testing for MMR, BRAF (V600E) and genetic consultation referrals were collected and analyzed. The independent sample t-test, and Fisher’s exact tests were used to look at the association of patient characteristics based on the MMR status. Results: Among a total of 272 patients (137 female, 135 male, median age 71), seventy-nine percent (215/272)were nonmetastatic and twenty-one percent (57/272)) were metastatic CRC. Overall, 75% (205/272) of patients had MMR/MSI testing done and 32% (86/272) had BRAF V600E testing performed. Fifteen percent (42/272) of all CRC patients had deficient MMR (dMMR) and 60% (163/272) had proficient MMR (pMMR) while 67/272 (25%) patients did not have MMR testing. Thirty-nine percent (107/272) of all CRC patients were referred for genetic consultation but only 12% (33/272) of them followed through with their appointment. Four patients (4/272,1.4%) were diagnosed with Lynch Syndrome. Among 205 patients who had MMR/MSI testing, metastatic CRC patients were more likely to have dMMR status than non-metastatic CRC patients [4/47 (8.5%) vs 38/158 (2.4%)], p=0.023. More patients with dMMR status than pMMR status had BRAF mutation [22/28 (78%) vs 6/28 (21%)], p=0.0001. Genetic consultation referrals and Lynch syndrome were more likely in dMMR CRC group than pMMR group. Conclusions: We present a real world rural community hospital based cancer center data from central Nebraska. Our data provides a glimpse of universal molecular testing and genetic consultation referral practice pattern for CRC patients in a rural community-based cancer center. Efforts to enhance the accessibility and integration of universal molecular testing and genetic counseling services into routine cancer care at the rural community oncology settings are crucial to ensure equitable cancer care for all patients, regardless of their geographic location.
An application-based taxonomy for brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Jacob T. Robinson, Sumner L. Norman, Matthew R. Angle, Timothy G. Constandinou, Timothy Denison, John P. Donoghue, Ryan M. Field, Andreas Forsland, Sid Kouider, José del R. Millán, Jonathan A. Michaels, Amy L. Orsborn, Chethan Pandarinath, J. Andrew Pruszynski, Christopher J. Rozell, Nishal P. Shah, Maryam M. Shanechi, Mahsa Shoaran, Sameer A. Sheth, Sergey D. Stavisky, Eric Trautmann, Nicolas Vachicouras, Chong Xie
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024)
Enhanced engraftment of human haematopoietic stem cells via mechanical remodelling mediated by the corticotropin-releasing hormone
Authors: Mingming Wu, Haoxiang Yang, Senquan Liu, Lai Jiang, Tingting Liang, Yan Wang, Mingming Zhu, Xian Song, Hao Liu, Jinghao Shen, Shuangzi Wang, Xiaoyu Zhu, Cheng-Kui Qu, Linzhao Cheng, Hongyuan Jiang, Fang Ni
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024)
Prediction of metabolic subphenotypes of type 2 diabetes via continuous glucose monitoring and machine learning
Authors: Ahmed A. Metwally, Dalia Perelman, Heyjun Park, Yue Wu, Alokkumar Jha, Seth Sharp, Alessandra Celli, Ekrem Ayhan, Fahim Abbasi, Anna L. Gloyn, Tracey McLaughlin, Michael P. Snyder
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024)

Abstract The classification of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes does not consider heterogeneity in the pathophysiology of glucose dysregulation. Here we show that prediabetes is characterized by metabolic heterogeneity, and that metabolic subphenotypes can be predicted by the shape of the glucose curve measured via a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) during standardized oral glucose-tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed in at-home settings. Gold-standard metabolic tests in 32 individuals with early glucose dysregulation revealed dominant or co-dominant subphenotypes (muscle or hepatic insulin-resistance phenotypes in 34% of the individuals, and β-cell-dysfunction or impaired-incretin-action phenotypes in 40% of them). Machine-learning models trained with glucose time series from OGTTs from the 32 individuals predicted the subphenotypes with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 95% for muscle insulin resistance, 89% for β-cell deficiency and 88% for impaired incretin action. With CGM-generated glucose curves obtained during at-home OGTTs, the models predicted the muscle-insulin-resistance and β-cell-deficiency subphenotypes of 29 individuals with AUCs of 88% and 84%, respectively. At-home identification of metabolic subphenotypes via a CGM may aid the risk stratification of individuals with early glucose dysregulation.
Polygenic prediction of occupational status GWAS elucidates genetic and environmental interplay in intergenerational transmission, careers and health in UK Biobank
Authors: Evelina T. Akimova, Tobias Wolfram, Xuejie Ding, Felix C. Tropf, Melinda C. Mills
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2024)

Abstract Socioeconomic status (SES) impacts health and life-course outcomes. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sociologically informed occupational status measures (ISEI, SIOPS, CAMSIS) using the UK Biobank ( N = 273,157) identified 106 independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms of which 8 are novel to the study of SES. Genetic correlations with educational attainment ( r g = 0.96–0.97) and income ( r g = 0.81–0.91) point to a common genetic factor for SES. We observed a 54–57% reduction in within-family predictions compared with population-based predictions, attributed to indirect parental effects (22–27% attenuation) and assortative mating (21–27%) following our calculations. Using polygenic scores from population predictions of 5–10% (incremental R 2 = 0.023–0.097 across different approaches and occupational status measures), we showed that (1) cognitive and non-cognitive traits, including scholastic and occupational motivation and aspiration, link polygenic scores to occupational status and (2) 62% of the intergenerational transmission of occupational status cannot be ascribed to genetic inheritance of common variants but other factors such as family environments. Finally, links between genetics, occupation, career trajectory and health are interrelated with parental occupational status.
Behaviour-based dependency networks between places shape urban economic resilience
Authors: Takahiro Yabe, Bernardo García Bulle Bueno, Morgan R. Frank, Alex Pentland, Esteban Moro
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2024)

Abstract Disruptions, such as closures of businesses during pandemics, not only affect businesses and amenities directly but also influence how people move, spreading the impact to other businesses and increasing the overall economic shock. However, it is unclear how much businesses depend on each other during disruptions. Leveraging human mobility data and same-day visits in five US cities, we quantify dependencies between points of interest encompassing businesses, stores and amenities. We find that dependency networks computed from human mobility exhibit significantly higher rates of long-distance connections and biases towards specific pairs of point-of-interest categories. We show that using behaviour-based dependency relationships improves the predictability of business resilience during shocks by around 40% compared with distance-based models, and that neglecting behaviour-based dependencies can lead to underestimation of the spatial cascades of disruptions. Our findings underscore the importance of measuring complex relationships in patterns of human mobility to foster urban economic resilience to shocks.
Leucine zipper-based immunomagnetic purification of CAR T cells displaying multiple receptors
Authors: Scott E. James, Sophia Chen, Brandon D. Ng, Jacob S. Fischman, Lorenz Jahn, Alexander P. Boardman, Adhithi Rajagopalan, Harold K. Elias, Alyssa Massa, Dylan Manuele, Katherine B. Nichols, Amina Lazrak, Nicole Lee, Aoife M. Roche, Alexander G. McFarland, Angelina Petrichenko, John K. Everett, Frederic D. Bushman, Teng Fei, Anastasia I. Kousa, Andri L. Lemarquis, Susan DeWolf, Jonathan U. Peled, Santosha A. Vardhana, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024)
Fumarate Hydratase–Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma With Paraganglioma Detected on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Yan Deng, Limeng He, Ji Wu, Wei Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We report FDG PET/CT findings of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma coincidence with para-aortic paraganglioma in a 27-year-old man. He presented with painless gross hematuria for 3 days. CT identified an enhancing lesion in the left kidney, suggestive of a tumor. 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging showed the mass with high FDG uptake. An adjacent FDG-avid nodule was also noted. Postoperative pathology supported a diagnosis of fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma of the left kidney mass, and the adjacent nodule was paraganglioma.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Masquerading as Leishmaniasis Via 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Prakash Singh, Yogita Khandelwal, Vineet Mishra, Shiwangi Yadav
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) characterized by infiltration of the skin of T-cell lymphocytes represent an uncommon and rare subset of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Primary CTCL, not otherwise specified, is among the most important subtypes of CTCLs characterized by rapid cutaneous dissemination and systemic involvement. Herein, we present a case of primary CTCL, not otherwise specified, diagnosed via 18 F-FDG PET/CT after initial misdiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
The BMJ Appeal 2024-25: Starvation and malnutrition escalating the threat of Sudan’s civil war
Authors: Jane Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Getting aid to the millions facing "mass starvation" in Sudan's brutal and escalating civil war is a top priority for the International Rescue Committee (IRC), the subject of this year's BMJ appeal. <b>Jane Feinmann</b> reports
18F-FDG PET/CT Revealed Bone Infarction as the Cause of Unexplained Fever
Authors: Xueqi Chen, Qian Li, Zhanli Fu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract An 18 F-FDG PET/CT was conducted on a 44-year-old man with a history of dermatomyositis and avascular necrosis of left femoral head, due to a fever of unknown origin. The scan revealed patchy and cloudy high densities within the medullary cavities of bilateral distal femur and proximal tibia, exhibiting peripheral high 18 F-FDG avidity. Subsequent MRI confirmed bone infarction.
Smartphone application-based pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rainer Gloeckl, Marc Spielmanns, Asta Stankeviciene, Anne Plidschun, Daniela Kroll, Inga Jarosch, Tessa Schneeberger, Bernhard Ulm, Claus F Vogelmeier, Andreas Rembert Koczulla
Journal: Thorax (2024)

Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is an essential element of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management. However, access to conventional face-to-face PR programmes is limited.
Supramolecular gel with enhanced immunomodulatory effects presents a minimally invasive treatment strategy for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Bin Liu, Li Dai, Jiangtao Lin, Wanxin Cao, Minchao Lv, Yongquan Jiang, Quan Wang, Yanan Guo, Zhuowei Yao, Silin Shen, Chenxing Lai, Jiali Shi, Yourong Duan, Jiping Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
An oral liraglutide nanomicelle formulation conferring reduced insulin-resistance and long-term hypoglycemic and lipid metabolic benefits
Authors: Laxman Subedi, Arjun Dhwoj Bamjan, Susmita Phuyal, Jung-Hyun Shim, Seung-Sik Cho, Jong Bae Seo, Kwan-Young Chang, Youngro Byun, Seho Kweon, Jin Woo Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance and often worsened by obesity. Effective management involves the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) to assist with glycemic control and weight management. However, these drugs must be administered subcutaneously due to their low oral bioavailability. We developed an oral liraglutide (LRG) formulation by electrostatic complexation of GLP-1 RA with bile acid derivatives and nanomicelle (NM) formation, with non-ionic surfactant n-dodecyl-β-d-maltoside (DDM). The optimized formulation, LDD[1:2:4]-NM, had a mean particle size of 75.9 ± 5.60 nm and a permeability 1347 % higher than that of unformulated LRG when tested in Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cell monolayers. In rats, oral bioavailability was 4.63-fold higher than that of unformulated LRG (1.11 ± 0.20 % vs. 5.14 ± 0.63 %). The absorption mechanism included clathrin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and an ASBT-mediated pathway. A 12-week oral treatment consisting of a daily dose of 20 mg LDD[1:2:4]-NM/kg significantly reduced glycohemoglobin levels, a marker of diabetic control, and the HOMA-IR index, a marker of insulin resistance. The weight of epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT) was also reduced. Moreover, LDD[1:2:4]-NM had a greater impact on BAT activation, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and lipid metabolism than subcutaneous LRG. This study showed that an oral NM formulation can efficiently deliver LRG. Long-term treatment led to improved hyperglycemic effects, insulin resistance, and modulated lipid metabolism. LDD[1:2:4]-NM is thus a promising oral therapeutic option for the management of type 2 diabetes, potentially transforming treatment paradigms based on the availability of a more convenient administration route.
Neoantigen‐Displaying Protein Nanoparticles as a Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine Against Melanoma
Authors: Yujin Kim, Seojung Lee, Jungmin Yoon, Yumi Shin, Sukmo Kang, Sun‐Young Kim, Sangmin Woo, Ji‐Joon Song, Sangyong Jon
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Although interest in peptide-based cancer vaccines has surged in the era of personalized immunotherapy enabled by the discovery of neoantigens, the effective generation of neoantigen-specific T cell responses has been limited. Here, a Brucella BP26 protein-based nanoparticle displaying the MHC class II-restricted melanoma neoantigen, M30, is reported for use as a therapeutic cancer vaccine. Genetic engineering of 10 tandem repeats of the M30 neoepitope to a BP26 monomer results in the self-assembled, neoantigen-displaying protein nanoparticles (BP26-M30 NPs). Subcutaneous immunization of mice with BP26-M30 NPs/CpG adjuvant leads to the activation and maturation of antigen-presenting cells in draining local lymph nodes and elicits M30-specific CD4+ T cell immune responses and immunological memory. In a mouse model of aggressive B16-F10 melanoma, immunization with BP26-M30 NPs/CpG significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors. These findings suggest that the BP26-based self-assembled protein nanoparticle has the potential to be used as a cancer vaccine platform for personalized cancer immunotherapy.