tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of long-term non-invasive ventilation on severe exacerbations and survival in COPD: a French nationwide cohort study using multistate models
Authors: Jean Louis Pépin, Eleonore Herquelot, Helene Denis, Anne Josseran, Florent Lavergne, Adam Benjafield, Atul Malhotra, Janna Raphelson, Peter Cistulli, Aurelie Schmidt, Sebastien Bailly, Alain Palot, Arnaud Prigent
Journal: Thorax (2025)

Rationale Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common indication for domiciliary non-invasive ventilation (NIV), but long-term outcomes data are limited. Objective This multistate model analysis estimated the impact of NIV therapy continuation versus cessation on transitions between three different disease states. Methods Model data came from the French national health insurance reimbursement system database for individuals aged ≥40 years with COPD and ≥1 NIV reimbursement in 2015–2019. Measurement and main results Data from 49 503 patients started on NIV were included (median age 70 years, 51.2% male, median 1 exacerbation in the previous year). There were 80 361 severe exacerbations and 18 125 deaths (including 7805 in severe exacerbation). In multistate models, NIV continuation was associated with a significant reduction in transition to death, from severe exacerbation (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.91) and without exacerbation (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.93). NIV continuation versus cessation had no significant effect on transition between without exacerbation to severe exacerbation (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.00) but was significantly associated with slower transition from severe exacerbation to without exacerbation (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89). Conclusion This multistate model analysis found that the long-term use of domiciliary NIV was associated with a lower risk of transitions to death, but was not associated with a reduction in recovery time after severe exacerbation. These data highlight the potential mortality benefits of long-term domiciliary NIV in COPD and can be used as one piece of evidence to support evidence-based guideline recommendations.
Health-care burden related to respiratory syncytial virus in a resource-constrained setting: a prospective observational study
Authors: Senjuti Saha, Sudipta Saha, Naito Kanon, Yogesh Hooda, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Shuborno Islam, Zabed Bin Ahmed, Sheikh Wasik Rahman, Md Jahangir Alam, Ataul Mustufa Anik, Probir K Sarkar, Mohammed Rizwanul Ahsan, Md Ruhul Amin, Samir K Saha
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
An integrated machine learning framework to understand zoonotic spillover emergence across anthropogenically modified landscapes
Authors: Yinsheng Zhang, Jinchen Wang, Luqi Wang, Linxuan Miao, Yifan Sun, Xin Yang, Ruying Fang, Yiyang Guo, Sophie Vanwambeke, Sen Li
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Anthropogenic land modification influences human-livestock-wildlife interactions and zoonotic spillover emergence. However, the extent of this impact remains unclear and could be better understood through the collaborative use of advanced predictive and explanatory analytical tools, alongside, an up-to-date dataset on zoonotic spillover events. The main objective is to develop and evaluate an integrated modeling framework to predict and explain spatial patterns and nonlinear relationships of zoonotic spillover events, using updated datasets and the human modification index to differentiate anthropogenic pressures. Our study expanded the historical datasets to include recent spillover events and a comprehensive set of predictors. By combining robustness of finely-tuned stacking algorithms with structural equation modeling, we considered global heterogeneity in relative reporting adequacy and mapped spillover patterns at different scales. Using the human modification index, we disentangled anthropogenic processes modifying natural ecosystem across land modification gradients, and described their linkages to spillover occurrence over the past three decades. This integrated approach effectively improved the model's predictive and explanatory power. Our analysis reveals that the intermediate levels of human pressure facilitated the zoonotic spillover. The indirect effects of anthropogenic pressure, mediated by specific cropping intensity, are strongly associated with zoonoses emergence. Livestock distribution serves as an indicator of spillover hotspots, acting as effective proxies for distinctive landscapes. Our findings identify high zoonotic spillover risks present across geographically and socioeconomically diverse regions worldwide, extending beyond tropical areas, including extensive regions experiencing high-intensity human modification. These insights support targeted surveillance in areas with potentially high relative risk or uncertainty, and demonstrate how zoonotic spillover responds to complex human-environment interactions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15937.
IMM-H007 promotes hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism by activating AMPKα to attenuate hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Jiaqi Li, Mingchao Wang, Kai Qu, Yuyao Sun, Zequn Yin, Na Dong, Xin Sun, Yitong Xu, Liang Chen, Shuang Zhang, Xunde Xian, Suowen Xu, Likun Ma, Yajun Duan, Haibo Zhu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)
Effect of cecal intubation rate on post colonoscopy colorectal cancer deaths and detection of colorectal cancer precursors.
Authors: Jasmin Zessner-Spitzenberg, Elisabeth Waldmann, Lisa-Maria Rockenbauer, Alexandra Demschik, Andreas Klinger, Daniela Penz, Michael Trauner, Monika Ferlitsch
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2025)
Advances in research on biomaterials and stem cell/exosome-based strategies in the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Wenya Chi, Yingying He, Shuisheng Chen, Lingyi Guo, Yan Yuan, Rongjie Li, Ruiyao Liu, Dairan Zhou, Jianzhong Du, Tao Xu, Yuan Yu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2025)
Trends and shortcomings in in outpatient management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk populations: A population-based observational study in France
Authors: Essy Mozaffari, Michele Bartoletti, Andre C Kalil, Mark Berry, Giancarlo Pesce, Artak Khachatryan, Gaelle Gusto, Andrew Ustianowski, Paul Loubet
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Treating Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Low Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: James C. Dickerson, Marcus T. Moen, Perry Nielsen, Fauzia Riaz, Edward Tran, Jennifer L. Caswell-Jin, Wesley Suen, Jeremy D. Goldhaber-Fiebert, Fernando Alarid-Escudero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE Creating value-aligned treatment pathways in breast cancer requires understanding the cost and cost-effectiveness of new therapies. To address uncertainty in the optimal treatment sequence, we developed a decision model to assess the cost-effectiveness of various treatment sequences for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–low metastatic breast cancer who are eligible for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG) under current US Food and Drug Administration labeling. METHODS We derived disease progression and therapy data from the Destiny-Breast04 trial and sourced cost and quality-of-life data from the published literature. Our simulation modeled 57-year-old women with HER2-low, endocrine refractory, and triple-negative metastatic breast cancer eligible for third-line treatment. We evaluated four sequences: chemotherapy (chemo) → chemo, T-DXd → chemo, chemo → T-DXd, and T-DXd → SG. Outcomes included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), total lifetime costs (2020 US dollars [USD], 3% annual discount), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Sequences that cost &lt;$150,000 USD to gain an additional QALY were considered cost effective. RESULTS Chemo → chemo has the lowest cost at $176,000 (USD) per patient and yields 0.82 QALYs. T-DXd → chemo costs $282,000 (USD) and yields 1.08 QALYs, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $408,000 (USD) per QALY gained. T-DXd → SG costs $304,000 (USD) and yields 1.09 QALYs, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $2,200,000 (USD) per QALY gained. Drug cost drives the cost differences between each strategy. For T-DXd → chemo to be cost effective at the $150,000 (USD) per QALY threshold, we estimate that a 41% price reduction for T-DXd is needed. CONCLUSION At its current price, T-DXd is not cost effective for HER2-low metastatic breast cancer. Price reductions can make this drug cost effective. Optimal value-based sequencing in this patient population uses a single antibody-drug conjugate rather than back-to-back conjugates.
Post-pulmonary tuberculosis lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharina Ratnakumar, Sally E Hayward, Emma K Denneny, Lucy P Goldsmith, Rebecca Evans, William Checkley, Delia Goletti, Catherine W M Ong, Mateusz Gotowiec, Junkai Zhu, Jon S Friedland, Joanna C Porter
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Maternal autoantibodies to the sodium potassium pump α1 subunit AT1A1 and fetal autoimmune congenital heart block: a case-control study
Authors: Stephanie Benjamin, Lisa Vi, Diptendu Chatterjee, Edgar T Jaeggi, Amelia Ruffatti, Linda T Hiraki, Lusia Sepiashvili, Carl A Laskin, Meena Fatah, Marta Tonello, Daniela Dominguez, Lawrence Ng, Michelle Lohbihler, Andre D Luchessi, Kaley Hogarth, Abdelkader Daoud, Jason T Maynes, Stephanie Protze, Robert M Hamilton
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2025)
Potential impact and cost-effectiveness of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men in Cotonou, Benin: a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Trystan Leng, Léon Kessou, Jesse Heitner, Fernand A Guédou, Luc Béhanzin, Marius Olodo, Souleymane Diabaté, Romain Silhol, Dobromir Dimitrov, Peter Vickerman, Michel Alary, Marie-Claude Boily, Kate M Mitchell
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Identifying gaps in the HIV treatment cascade in Africa: a model comparison study
Authors: Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Haroon Moolla, Daniel T Citron, John Stover, Michael Pickles, Rowan Martin-Hughes, Marie-Claude Boily, Rose Nyirenda, Edinah Mudimu, Debra Ten Brink, Leigh F Johnson, Owen Mugurungi, Valentina Cambiano, Dobromir Dimitrov, Jenny Smith, Robert Glaubius, Issac Taramusi, Amon Mpofu, Andrew Phillips, Anna Bershteyn
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Comparative assessment of immunogenicity and safety of recombinant influenza vaccine in children, adolescents, and adults: results from a phase 3, immunobridging, open-label, non-randomised study
Authors: Pedro M Folegatti, Stephanie Pepin, Cynthia Tabar, Katherine Fries, Oxana Talanova, Stephanie See, Brandon Essink, Todd Bertoch, Daniel Drazan, Silvina Natalini Martínez, Marek Konieczny, Kathleen Kaas-Leach, Iris De Bruijn
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)
Effect of JYNNEOS vaccination on mpox clinical progression: a case–control study
Authors: Lauren Granskog, Kayla Saadeh, Kieran Lorenz, Joshua Quint, Tarek Salih, Timothy Lo, Kathleen Jacobson, Marisa Ramos, Eric Chapman, Robert E Snyder, Joseph A Lewnard
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2025)

The JYNNEOS modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine is effective in preventing clade IIb mpox disease. However, vaccine effects on mpox severity are poorly understood. We aimed to assess associations between reported clinical characteristics and vaccination status among individuals with laboratory-confirmed mpox. We conducted a case-control study using data collected from public health surveillance interviews of people with mpox in California. Eligible participants for primary analyses were men who were cisgender and participated in telephone interviews with complete responses recorded about anatomical sites where they had lesions. We estimated JYNNEOS vaccine effectiveness against progression to disease involving disseminated lesions via the adjusted odds ratio of vaccination, comparing participants who reported lesions disseminated across multiple anatomical regions (cases) with participants who reported lesions contained to a single anatomical region (controls). We used the same case-control framework to estimate vaccine effectiveness against progression to hospitalisation and prodromal symptoms. Men who were cisgender represented 5763 (94·3%) of 6112 people reported to have laboratory-confrimed mpox in California from May 12, 2022, to Dec 31, 2023, among whom, 4609 (79·9%) met eligibility criteria and were included in primary analyses. Of 4609 participants, 1566 (34·0%) were classified as controls and 3043 (66·0%) were classified as cases. Among 3043 cases, 114 (3·7%) received pre-exposure vaccination and 214 (7·0%) received post-exposure vaccination only. Among 1566 controls, 285 (18·2%) received pre-exposure vaccination and 146 (9·3%) received post-exposure vaccination only. For pre-exposure vaccination, vaccine effectiveness against progression was 58·8% (95% CI 50·3-65·9); for post-exposure vaccination, vaccine effectiveness against progression was 15·9% (3·3-26·8). Pre-exposure vaccine effectiveness against progression was 66·6% (56·8-74·2) among people negative for HIV and 44·8% (27·5-58·0) for those with HIV. Pre-exposure vaccination was also associated with protection against progression to severe illness necessitating hospitalisation (85·4% [95% CI 54·3-95·3]), and with reduced odds for fever, chills, and lymphadenopathy. Among men who were cisgender with mpox, pre-exposure vaccination with JYNNEOS was associated with less severe illness. Awareness of an attenuated disease phenotype involving localised lesions without accompanying prodromal symptoms is needed to ensure accurate diagnosis of mpox in previously vaccinated individuals. The California Department of Public Health and the US National Institutes of Health.
Safety and efficacy of praziquantel 40 mg/kg versus 80 mg/kg in preschool-aged children with intestinal schistosomiasis in Uganda: a 2 × 2 factorial, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 randomised trial
Authors: Amaya L Bustinduy, Andrew Edielu, Gloria K Ayebazibwe, Racheal Nakyesige, Victor Anguajibi, Simon Mpooya, Jacent Nassuna, Moses Adriko, Alison Elliott, Govert van Dam, Paul Corstjens, Sophie Pach, Hannah Wu, Susannah Colt, Patrice A Mawa, Edridah Muheki, Narcis B Kabatereine, Emily L Webb, Jennifer F Friedman
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Changes in incidence of HPV-related cancers in South Africa (2011–21): a cross-sectional analysis of the South African National Cancer Registry
Authors: Jaimie Z Shing, Sizeka Mashele, Adino T Tsegaye, Bianca Da Costa Dias, Eric A Engels, Admire Chikandiwa, Meredith S Shiels, Judith Mwansa-Kambafwile, Erica S Stephens, Carole Metekoua, Danping Liu, Loretto J Carvajal, Aimée R Kreimer, Mazvita Muchengeti
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Home administration of a multistrain probiotic once per day for 4 weeks to newborn infants in Tanzania (ProRIDE): a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial
Authors: Claus Klingenberg, Museveni Justine, Sabrina John Moyo, Iren Høyland Löhr, Joshua Gideon, Paschal Mdoe, Estomih Mduma, Joel Manyahi, Ahmed Bargheet, Veronika Kuchařová Pettersen, John Paschal, Heidi Syre, Eva Bernhoff, Rehema Bukhay, Bjørn Blomberg, Nina Langeland
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2025)
Restoration of branched chain amino acid catabolism improves kidney function in preclinical cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome models
Authors: Eliza Bollinger, George Williams, Mary E Piper, Kimberly Steen, Kelly Tam Neale, Xian Chen, Mackenzie Marshall, Srinath Jagarlapudi, Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi, Pierre M Jean-Beltran, LouJin Song, Joshua Chiou, Frank Geoly, Sarah R Vargas, Ying Zhang, Elaine Kuang, Daniel Callahan, John C Stansfield, Max Russo, John Griffin, Zhongyuan Sun, Melissa R Miller, Craig L Hyde, Michelle F Clasquin, Katherine Hales, Natalie A Daurio, Justin D Crane, Dinesh Hirenallur-Shanthappa, John Groarke, Bei B Zhang, Rachel J Roth Flach
Journal: Kidney International (2025)

Patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure (HF) often have accompanying kidney dysfunction, which was recently defined as cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Prior metabolomics profiling of metabolic syndrome patients identified a plasma branched chain amino acid (BCAA) signature, and BCAAs themselves are elevated in the myocardium of patients with HF, potentially due to a defect in BCAA catabolic breakdown. The rate limiting step of BCAA catabolism is the decarboxylation by the enzyme branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is negatively regulated by BCKDH kinase (BCKDK or BDK), and BDK inhibitors improve metabolism and heart failure preclinically. Here, using two pre-clinical CKM models, the hyperphagic ZSF1 obese rat and the uninephrectomized SDT fatty rat with high salt drinking water, we show that BCAA catabolic impairment is associated with and may be causal to CKM. Unbiased proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling demonstrated impairment in BCAA catabolism within ZSF1 obese rat kidneys. In both CKM animal models, treatment with the BDK inhibitor BT2 improved urine protein content, kidney hypertrophy, and kidney pathology. Furthermore, coadministration of BT2 and the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor empagliflozin demonstrated additive effects to improve kidney parameters, kidney gene expression signatures, and kidney mitochondrial density and function. Our study suggests that in addition to its previously reported effects on metabolism and cardiac function, BDK inhibition may also improve kidney health and therefore could represent a new therapeutic avenue for CKM.
Postoperative remote first care for financially and environmentally sustainable healthcare
Authors: Ross Lathan, Louise Hitchman, Josephine Walshaw, Bharadhwaj Ravindhran, Daniel Carradice, George Smith, Ian Chetter, Marina Yiasemidou
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

This study aims to quantify the financial and environmental savings associated with remote follow up in patients undergoing lower limb arterial surgery. A prospective observational study evaluating financial cost(fC) and environmental cost(eC) of postoperative follow-up models. Remote-first screening(RFS), where all patients were reviewed remotely, and complications triaged for face-to-face assessment and treatment. The second model was remote-first treatment(RFT): all patients were reviewed remotely, but only high-risk complications trigger face-to-face review. Both were compared with conventional face-to-face review. All participants received both face-to-face and remote review. 105 patients were included. RFS has a per patient mean reduction of 30.8.0±26.2 kgCO2e(RR 71.0%, p < 0.001) and fC reduction of £60.17±42.98(RR 87.0%, p < 0.001). RFT has a mean reduction of 38.5±17.4 kgCO2e(RR 88.8%, p < 0.001) and fC reduction of £83.29±45.51(RR 87.0%, p < 0.001). Remote models demonstrated economic and environmental gains over routine face-to-face assessments. Integration of these analyses into health intervention assessment is important to reducing climate change.
Circulating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and liver cancer risk: a nested case-control analysis of individual participant data from 12 prospective cohorts
Authors: Cody Z Watling, Jessica L Petrick, Barry I Graubard, Xuehong Zhang, Matthew J Barnett, Julie E Buring, Yu Chen, A. Heather Eliassen, Michael Gaziano, Jae H Kang, Jill Koshiol, Wen-Yi Huang, I-Min Lee, Steven C Moore, Lorelei A Mucci, Marian L Neuhouser, Christina C Newton, Julie R Palmer, Lynn Rosenberg, Howard D Sesso, Martha Shrubsole, Lesley Tinker, Matthew Triplette, Caroline Y Um, Kala Visvanathan, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Walter Willett, Fen Wu, Wei Zheng, Jonathan Hofmann, Mark P Purdue, Peter T Campbell, Dinesh Barupal, Katherine A McGlynn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been associated with numerous deleterious health outcomes including liver damage. However, whether exposure to PFAS is associated with liver cancer risk remains unclear. We conducted a matched nested case-control study among 12 prospective cohort studies located in the United States. Pre-diagnostic PFAS, namely perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), were measured from blood samples among 853 individuals who developed liver cancer and 853 matched control participants. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression for liver cancer risk by study-specific quartiles of concentrations and per 90th vs. 10th percentile incremental increase. In the main multivariable-adjusted model, circulating PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS levels were not associated with liver cancer risk (OR per 90th vs. 10th percentile increase: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.79-1.28; 0.92, 0.73-1.15; and 0.95, 0.75-1.21, respectively). However, when analyses were stratified by sex, PFOA concentrations were positively associated with liver cancer risk in males (OR per 90th vs. 10th percentile increase: 1.62 95% CI:1.07-2.45), whereas an inverse association was observed amongst females (OR per 90th vs. 10th percentile increase:0.68, 0.50-0.92; p-interaction=0.005). Analyses separating liver cancer subtypes, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, showed no evidence of heterogeneity, although associations were stronger but not significant for HCC. No evidence of interaction was observed by time to diagnosis, time period of blood draw, body mass index, alcohol intake, ethnicity, or diabetes status. In the largest study to date, none of the measured circulating PFAS were associated with liver cancer risk; however, PFOA associations appeared to differ by sex and further research is needed to explore these apparent differences by sex. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16980.
ILSI Europe perspective review: site-specific microbiota changes during pregnancy associated with biological consequences and clinical outcomes: opportunities for probiotic interventions
Authors: Eduard Flores Ventura, Jonathan A. Lane, Sondra Turjeman, Nikoletta Vidra, Gisela Adrienne Weiss, Gabriele Gross, Ching-Yu Chang, Omry Koren
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Pregnancy induces notable alterations in the gut, vaginal, and oral microbiota driven by hormonal, immune, metabolic, dietary, and environmental factors. During pregnancy, the gut microbiota is characterized by increased proportions of the genus Bifidobacterium and the phyla Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) and Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteria). These changes occur alongside reduced alpha diversity and greater beta diversity, changes that influence maternal metabolism and fetal development. Shifts in gut and oral microbiota have been associated with complications such as preterm birth (PTB), pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes (GDM), though patterns are sometimes inconsistent. The vaginal microbiota remains Lactobacillus-dominant during pregnancy, with reduced diversity leading to reduced risk of pathogenic infection and increased diversity has been linked with a higher risk of PTB. Hormonal changes also affect the oral microbiota, potentially increasing pathogenic species and contributing to adverse outcomes like PTB. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has significant potential to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, clinical studies are still limited. Probiotics may be effective in alleviating maternal constipation and lead to lower PTB risk, particularly by modulating the vaginal microbiota, but they have limited impact on GDM. In the context of maternal mental health, some studies suggest benefits of probiotics in reducing anxiety, but effects on depression are inconclusive. This perspective examines how pregnancy-related microbial shifts, both natural and probiotic-induced, affect maternal and fetal health and highlights potential opportunities for the innovative use of probiotics during the gestation period.