tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postoperative Hypofractionated Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Won Kyung Cho, Won Park, Sang-Won Kim, Kang Kyu Lee, Ki Jung Ahn, Jin Hwa Choi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Prospective data assessing the safety of hypofractionated (40 Gy in 16 fractions) radiotherapy (RT) among patients who receive postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer are lacking.
A commentary on “A CT-based multitask deep learning model for predicting tumor stroma ratio and treatment outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer: a multicenter cohort study”
Authors: Wei Cheng, Lili Deng, Wen Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Department of Radiology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China Wei Cheng and Lili Deng contributed equally to this work. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: E-mail address: E-mail address: [email protected] (W. Liu). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Dual fluorescence reporter mice for Ccl3 transcription, translation, and intercellular communication
Authors: Maria Belen Rodrigo, Anna De Min, Selina Kathleen Jorch, Cristina Martin-Higueras, Ann-Kathrin Baumgart, Beata Goldyn, Sara Becker, Natalio Garbi, Niels A. Lemmermann, Christian Kurts
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

Chemokines guide immune cells during their response against pathogens and tumors. Various techniques exist to determine chemokine production, but none to identify cells that directly sense chemokines in vivo. We have generated CCL3-EASER (ErAse, SEnd, Receive) mice that simultaneously report for Ccl3 transcription and translation, allow identifying Ccl3-sensing cells, and permit inducible deletion of Ccl3-producing cells. We infected these mice with murine cytomegalovirus (mCMV), where Ccl3 and NK cells are critical defense mediators. We found that NK cells transcribed Ccl3 already in homeostasis, but Ccl3 translation required type I interferon signaling in infected organs during early infection. NK cells were both the principal Ccl3 producers and sensors of Ccl3, indicating auto/paracrine communication that amplified NK cell response, and this was essential for the early defense against mCMV. CCL3-EASER mice represent the prototype of a new class of dual fluorescence reporter mice for analyzing cellular communication via chemokines, which may be applied also to other chemokines and disease models.
Should the Use of Adaptive Machine Learning Systems in Medicine be Classified as Research?
Authors: Robert Sparrow, Joshua Hatherley, Justin Oakley, Chris Bain
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2024)

A novel advantage of the use of machine learning (ML) systems in medicine is their potential to continue learning from new data after implementation in clinical practice. To date, considerations of the ethical questions raised by the design and use of adaptive machine learning systems in medicine have, for the most part, been confined to discussion of the so-called "update problem," which concerns how regulators should approach systems whose performance and parameters continue to change even after they have received regulatory approval. In this paper, we draw attention to a prior ethical question: whether the continuous learning that will occur in such systems after their initial deployment should be classified, and regulated, as medical research? We argue that there is a strong
The association of health-care contact days with physical function and survival in CCTG/AGITG CO.17
Authors: Arjun Gupta, Christopher J O’Callaghan, Liting Zhu, Derek J Jonker, Ralph P W Wong, Bruce Colwell, Malcolm J Moore, Christos S Karapetis, Niall C Tebbutt, Jeremy D Shapiro, Dongsheng Tu, Christopher M Booth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract Introduction Although contact days—days with health-care contact outside home—are increasingly adopted as a measure of time toxicity and treatment burden, they could also serve as a surrogate of treatment-related harm. We sought to assess the association between contact days and patient-reported outcomes and the prognostic ability of contact days. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of CO.17 that evaluated cetuximab vs supportive care in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. CO.17 collected European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 instrument data. We assessed the association between number of contact days in a window and changes in physical function and global health status and the association between number of contact days in the first 4 weeks with overall survival. Results There was a negative association between the number of contact days and change in physical function (per each additional contact day: at 4 weeks, 1.50-point decrease; 8 weeks, 1.06-point decrease; P &amp;lt; .0001 for both) but not with global health status. This negative association was seen in patients receiving cetuximab but not supportive care. More contact days in the first 4 weeks was associated with worse overall survival for all participants and patients receiving cetuximab (per each additional contact day: all participants, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05 to 1.10; and cetuximab, adjusted HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.11; P &amp;lt; .0001 for both). Conclusions In this secondary analysis of a clinical trial, more contact days early in the course were associated with declines in physical function and worse survival in all participants and in participants receiving cancer-directed treatment. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00079066.
Vascular damage and excessive proliferation compromise liver function after extended hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Maxime De Rudder, Rita Manco, Laurent Coubeau, Alix Fontaine, Claude Bertrand, Isabelle A. Leclercq, Alexandra Dili
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Surgical resection remains the gold standard for liver tumor treatment, yet the emergence of postoperative liver failure, known as the small-for-size syndrome (SFSS), poses a significant challenge. The activation of hypoxia sensors in an SFSS liver remnant initiated early angiogenesis, improving the vascular architecture, safeguarding against liver failure, and reducing mortality. The study aimed to elucidate vascular remodeling mechanisms in SFSS and their impact on hepatocyte function and subsequent liver failure. Approach and results: Mice underwent extended partial hepatectomy to induce SFSS, with a subset exposed to hypoxia immediately after surgery. Hypoxia bolstered posthepatectomy survival rates. The early proliferation of liver sinusoidal cells, coupled with recruitment of putative endothelial progenitor cells, increased vascular density, improved lobular perfusion, and limited hemorrhagic events in the regenerating liver under hypoxia. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in hepatectomized mice mimicked the effects of hypoxia on vascular remodeling and endothelial progenitor cell recruitment but failed to rescue survival. Compared to normoxia, hypoxia favored hepatocyte function over proliferation, promoting functional preservation in the regenerating remnant. Injection of Adeno-associated virus serotype 8-thyroxine-binding globulin-hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha virus for hepatocyte-specific overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, the master regulator of hepatocyte function, enforced functionality in proliferating hepatocytes but did not rescue survival. The combination of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha overexpression and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment rescued survival after SFSS-setting hepatectomy. Conclusions: In summary, SFSS arises from an imbalance and desynchronized interplay between functional regeneration and vascular restructuring. To improve survival following SFSS hepatectomy, it is essential to adopt a 2-pronged strategy aimed at preserving the function of proliferating parenchymal cells and simultaneously attenuating vascular damage.
Deployment to Military Bases With Open Burn Pits and Respiratory and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: David A. Savitz, Susan R. Woskie, Anila Bello, Rachel Gaither, Joseph Gasper, Lan Jiang, Christopher Rennix, Gregory A. Wellenius, Amal N. Trivedi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Many veterans who served in Afghanistan and Iraq during Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) were deployed to military bases with open burn pits and exposed to their emissions, with limited understanding of the long-term health consequences. To determine the association between deployment to military bases where open burn pits were used for waste disposal and the subsequent risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This retrospective observational cohort study used Veterans Health Administration medical records and declassified deployment records from the Department of Defense to assess Army and Air Force veterans who were deployed between 2001 and 2011 and subsequently received health care from the Veterans Health Administration, with follow-up through December 2020. Data were analyzed from January 2023 through February 2024. Duration of deployment to military bases with open burn pits. Diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. The study population included 459 381 OEF and OIF veterans (mean [SD] age, 31.6 [8.7] years; 399 754 [87.0%] male). Median (IQR) follow-up from end of deployment was 10.9 (9.4-12.7) years. For every 100 days of deployment to bases with burn pits, veterans experienced increased adjusted odds for asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), hypertension (aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02-1.03), and ischemic stroke (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.97-1.14). Odds of interstitial lung disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or hemorrhagic stroke were not increased. Results based on tertiles of duration of burn pit exposures were consistent with those from the continuous exposure measures. In this cohort study, prolonged deployment to military bases with open burn pits was associated with increased risk of developing asthma, COPD, and hypertension. The results also point to a possible increased risk in ischemic stroke. The novel ability to use integrated data on deployment and health outcomes provides a model for additional studies of the health impact of environmental exposures during military service.
Gefitinib vs Gefitinib Plus Pemetrexed and Carboplatin Chemotherapy in <i>EGFR</i>-Variant Lung Cancer—Long-Term Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Vanita Noronha, Vijay Patil, Nandini Menon, Minit Shah, Anuradha Chougule, Zoya Peelay, Kumar Prabhash
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

This randomized clinical trial examines whether adding chemotherapy with pemetrexed and carboplatin to gefitinib improves survival among patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR )–variant non–small cell lung cancer.
Exposure to Burn Pit Emissions and Respiratory Diseases?
Authors: John R. Balmes
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

David A. Savitz, PhD; Susan R. Woskie, PhD; Anila Bello, ScD; Rachel Gaither, BS; Joseph Gasper, PhD; Lan Jiang, MS; Christopher Rennix, ScD; Gregory A. Wellenius, ScD; Amal N. Trivedi, MD, MPH
Psychiatric Symptoms, Treatment Uptake, and Barriers to Mental Health Care Among US Adults With Post–COVID-19 Condition
Authors: Hiten Naik, Karen C. Tran, John A. Staples, Roy H. Perlis, Adeera Levin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Psychiatric symptoms are reportedly common among adults with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). However, nationally representative data regarding symptom prevalence, treatment uptake, and barriers to care are needed to inform the development of care models.
The subacromial bursa modulates tendon healing after rotator cuff injury in rats
Authors: Brittany P. Marshall, Beth G. Ashinsky, Xavier E. Ferrer, Jennifer A. Kunes, Astia C. Innis, Andrew J. Luzzi, Lynn Ann Forrester, Kevin G. Burt, Andy J. Lee, Lee Song, Lauren E. Lisiewski, Rajesh K. Soni, Clark T. Hung, William N. Levine, David Kovacevic, Stavros Thomopoulos
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2024)

Rotator cuff injuries result in more than 500,000 surgeries annually in the United States, many of which fail. These surgeries typically involve repair of the injured tendon and removal of the subacromial bursa, a synovial-like tissue that sits between the rotator cuff and the acromion. The subacromial bursa has been implicated in rotator cuff pathogenesis and healing. Using proteomic profiling of bursa samples from nine patients with rotator cuff injury, we show that the bursa responds to injury in the underlying tendon. In a rat model of supraspinatus tenotomy, we evaluated the bursa’s effect on the injured supraspinatus tendon, the uninjured infraspinatus tendon, and the underlying humeral head. The bursa protected the intact infraspinatus tendon adjacent to the injured supraspinatus tendon by maintaining its mechanical properties and protected the underlying humeral head by maintaining bone morphometry. The bursa promoted an inflammatory response in injured rat tendon, initiating expression of genes associated with wound healing, including Cox2 and Il6 . These results were confirmed in rat bursa organ cultures. To evaluate the potential of the bursa as a therapeutic target, polymer microspheres loaded with dexamethasone were delivered to the intact bursae of rats after tenotomy. Dexamethasone released from the bursa reduced Il1b expression in injured rat supraspinatus tendon, suggesting that the bursa could be used for drug delivery to reduce inflammation in the healing tendon. Our findings indicate that the subacromial bursa contributes to healing in underlying tissues of the shoulder joint, suggesting that its removal during rotator cuff surgery should be reconsidered.
Management of post‐autologous transplant relapse in patients with T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Olivier Veilleux, Francisco Socola, Sally Arai, Matthew J. Frank, Laura Johnston, Robert Lowsky, Judith Shizuru, Everett Meyer, Lori Muffly, Andrew R. Rezvani, Parveen Shiraz, Surbhi Sidana, Saurabh Dahiya, David B. Miklos, Robert S. Negrin, Wen‐Kai Weng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) is often used as a consolidation for patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) due to the poor prognosis associated with this heterogenous group of disorders. However, a significant number of patients will experience post‐AHCT disease relapse. Here, we report a retrospective study of consecutive 124 patients with PTCLs who underwent AHCT from 2008 to 2020. With a median follow‐up of 6.01 years following AHCT, 49 patients (40%) experienced disease relapse. As expected, more patients who were not in first complete remission experienced post‐AHCT relapse. Following relapse, majority of the patients (70%) receiving systemic therapies intended as bridging to curative allogeneic HCT. However, only 18 (53%) patients eventually underwent allogeneic HCT. The estimated 3‐year OS among patients proceeding to allogeneic HCT was 72% (95% CI 46%–87%). Our report details the pattern of post‐AHCT relapse and the management of relapsed disease using different therapeutic modalities.
Right heart function during and after pregnancy in women with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Karen M. Olsson, Jan Fuge, Da-Hee Park, Jan C. Kamp, Dominik Berliner, Constantin von Kaisenberg, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

For many years, women diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) received advice against pregnancy due to a significant mortality risk [1, 2]. With therapeutic advancements, pregnancies in women with PAH continue to be associated with heightened risks, although uncomplicated pregnancies are increasingly being reported, particularly in women with well-controlled disease [3–6]. The 2022 European pulmonary hypertension guidelines mirror these advancements, no longer generally discouraging pregnancy but recommending an individualized approach with shared decision-making for women with PAH contemplating or experiencing pregnancy [7, 8]. Footnotes This manuscript has recently been accepted for publication in the ERJ Open Research . It is published here in its accepted form prior to copyediting and typesetting by our production team. After these production processes are complete and the authors have approved the resulting proofs, the article will move to the latest issue of the ERJOR online. Please open or download the PDF to view this article. Conflict of interest: Karen M Olsson has received fees for lectures or consultations from Acceleron, Actelion, Bayer, Ferrer, Janssen, and MSD, all unrelated to the present work. Conflict of interest: Jan Fuge has received fees for consultations from AstraZeneca unrelated to the submitted work. Conflict of interest: Da-Hee Park is supported by PRACTIS – Clinician Scientist Program at Hannover Medical School, funded by the German Research Foundation (DGF, ME 3696/3–1). Conflict of interest: Jan C. Kamp is supported by PRACTIS – Clinician Scientist Program at Hannover Medical School, funded by the German Research Foundation (DGF, ME 3696/3-1). Conflict of interest: Dominik Berliner D.B. received honoraria for lectures/consulting from Abbott Vascular, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Edwards Lifesciences, Pfizer. He was competitively selected for "CORE100Pilot", which is an advanced clinician-scientist program co-funded by the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation and the Ministry for Science and Culture of the State of Lower Saxony. Conflict of interest: Constantin von Kaisenberg has no disclosures. Conflict of interest: Marius M Hoeper has received fees for lectures or consultations from Acceleron, Actelion, AOP Health, Bayer, Ferrer, GossamerBio, Janssen, Keros, and MSD, all unrelated to the present work.
Risk stratification refinements with inclusion of haemodynamic variables at follow-up in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Athénaïs Boucly, Antoine Beurnier, Ségolène Turquier, Mitja Jevnikar, Pascal de Groote, Ari Chaouat, Céline Cheron, Xavier Jaïs, François Picard, Grégoire Prévot, Anne Roche, Sabina Solinas, Vincent Cottin, Fabrice Bauer, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Laurent Savale, Olivier Sitbon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Haemodynamic variables are prognostic factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, right heart catheterisation (RHC) is not systematically recommended to assess the risk status during follow-up. This study aimed to assess the added value of haemodynamic variables in prevalent patients to predict the risk of death or lung transplantation according to their risk status assessed by the non-invasive four-strata model as recommended by the European guidelines. Methods We evaluated incident patients with PAH enrolled in the French pulmonary hypertension registry between 2009 and 2020 who had a first follow-up RHC. Cox regression identified, in each follow-up risk status, haemodynamic variables significantly associated with transplant-free survival. Optimal thresholds were determined by time-dependent receiver operating characteristics. Several multivariable Cox regression models were performed to identify the haemodynamic variables improving the non-invasive risk stratification model. Results We analysed 1240 incident patients reassessed within 1 year by RHC. None of the haemodynamic variables were significantly associated with transplant-free survival among low-risk (n=386) or high-risk (n=71) patients. Among patients at intermediate (intermediate-low, n=483 and intermediate-high, n=300) risk at first follow-up, multivariable models including either stroke volume index (SVI) or mixed venous oxygen saturation ( S vO 2 ) were the best. The prognostic performance of a refined six-strata risk stratification model including the non-invasive four-strata model and SVI &gt;37 mL·m −2 and/or S vO 2 &gt;65% for patients at intermediate risk (area under the curve (AUC) 0.81; c-index 0.74) was better than that of the four-strata model (AUC 0.79, p=0.009; c-index 0.72). Conclusion Cardiopulmonary haemodynamics may improve risk stratification at follow-up in patients at intermediate risk.
Pancreatic-portal vein fistula in acute pancreatitis successfully treated with endoscopic approach
Authors: Valborg Vang Poulsen, Annette Bøjer Jensen, Amer Hadi, Mia Prindahl Ærenlund, John Gásdal Karstensen, Srdan Novovic
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Acute pancreatitis is associated with numerous complications. Pancreatic-portal vein fistula (PPVF) is an exceptionally rare and diagnostically challenging example [1] [2]. A 63-year-old man was admitted due to abdominal pain, weight loss, newly diagnosed diabetes, and elevated liver enzymes. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed acute pancreatitis with fluid exudation and a necrotic collection in the head of the pancreas, accompanied by attenuation of fluid in the portal vein. Subsequent magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography raised suspicion of PPVF.
Targeting EFHD2 inhibits interferon-γ signaling and ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Jiang-Tao Fu, Jian Liu, Wen-Bin Wu, Yi-Ting Chen, Guo-Dong Lu, Qi Cao, Hong-Bo Meng, Jie Tong, Jia-Hui Zhu, Xu-Jie Wang, Yi Liu, Chunlin Zhuang, Chunquan Sheng, Fu-Ming Shen, Xingguang Liu, Hua Wang, Yongsheng Yu, Yuefan Zhang, Hai-Yan Liang, Jia-Bao Zhang, Dong-Jie Li, Xiang Li, Zhi-Bin Wang, Pei Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)
Asthma and cardiovascular disease: embracing disease heterogeneity is required
Authors: Matthew C. Tattersall, Ronald E. Gangnon, Nizar N. Jarjour
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

We read with interest the recent original research investigation by Valencia-Hernández et al . [1]. This observational study used two approaches to investigate the association of asthma and coronary heart disease (CHD): medical records and Mendelian randomisation (MR). Their results differ compared to many other prior studies investigating the association of asthma and CHD [2]. We applaud the authors for the thoroughness of the investigation; however, we have identified key methodological considerations in this study which may account for differences in the conclusions, compared to prior studies. Accounting for the heterogeneity of the asthma syndrome is crucial when investigating the systemic manifestations of asthma <https://bit.ly/3Tk5UwJ>
Reply: Asthma and cardiovascular disease: the strength of triangulation
Authors: Chloe I. Bloom
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

<h3>Shareable abstract</h3> <b>A triangulation approach integrated different epidemiological methods and data sources (large observational study and Mendelian randomisation study) to provide more reliable findings and reveal potential sources of bias in previous asthma–CHD studies</b>https://bit.ly/3IXoK84