tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Mercedes Sotos-Prieto, Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo, Teresa T. Fung, Haakon E. Meyer, Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett, Shilpa N. Bhupathiraju
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Previous research has found that vegetarian diets are associated with lower bone mineral density and higher risk of fractures, but these studies did not differentiate the quality of the plant-based foods. Objective To examine the association between the quality of plant-based diets (not necessarily vegan but also omnivorous) and hip fracture risk among postmenopausal women in the Nurses’ Health Study. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study analyzed data from 70 285 postmenopausal women who participated in the US Nurses’ Health Study from 1984 through 2014. Data were analyzed from January 1 to July 31, 2023. Main outcomes and Measures Hip fractures were self-reported on biennial questionnaires. Diet was assessed every 4 years using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Plant-based diet quality was assessed using 2 previously established indices: the healthful Plant-Based Diet Index (hPDI), for which healthy plant foods (whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, vegetable oils, and tea or coffee) received positive scores, whereas less healthy plant foods (fruit juices, sweetened beverages, refined grains, potatoes, and sweets or desserts) and animal foods received reversed scores; and the unhealthful Plant-Based Diet Index (uPDI), for which positive scores were given to less healthy plant foods and reversed scores to healthy plant and animal foods. Quintile scores of 18 food groups were summed, with a theoretical range for both indices of 18 to 90 (highest adherence). Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariates was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for hip fracture. Results In total, 70 285 participants (mean [SD] age, 54.92 [4.48] years; 100% White women) were included, and 2038 cases of hip fracture were ascertained during the study and for up to 30 years of follow-up. Neither the hPDI (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.83-1.14]) nor the uPDI (HR for highest vs lowest quintile, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.87-1.20]) for long-term diet adherence was associated with hip fracture risk. However, when examining recent intake for the highest vs lowest quintiles, the hPDI was associated with 21% lower risk of hip fracture (HR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.68-0.92]; P = .02 for trend), and the uPDI was associated with 28% higher risk (1.28 [95% CI, 1.09-1.51]; P = .008 for trend). Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this cohort study indicated that long-term adherence to healthful or unhealthful plant-based diets as assessed by hPDI and uPDI scores was not associated with hip fracture risk. Future research should clarify whether the associations observed with recent dietary intake are due to short-term effects of these dietary patterns, reverse causality, or both.
Patient-Reported Quality of Life 6 Years After Breast Cancer
Authors: Maria Alice Franzoi, Antonio Di Meglio, Stefan Michiels, Emma Gillanders, Catherine Gaudin, Anne Laure Martin, Ines Vaz-Luis
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study assesses quality-of-life trajectories up to 6 years after breast cancer diagnosis among individuals in France.
Interim Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza — California, October 2023–January 2024
Authors: Sophie Zhu, Joshua Quint, Tomás M. León, Monica Sun, Nancy J. Li, Mark W. Tenforde, Seema Jain, Robert Schechter, Cora Hoover, Erin L. Murray
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Surveillance data can provide rapid, within-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates to guide public health recommendations.Mandatory reporting of influenza vaccine administration to California's immunization information registry began January 1, 2023, and mandatory reporting of all influenza laboratory test results, including negative results, was instituted in California on June 15, 2023.These data, collected by the California Department of Public Health during October 1, 2023-January 31, 2024, were used to calculate interim influenza VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza by comparing the odds of vaccination among case-patients (persons who received a positive influenza laboratory test result) and control patients (those who received a negative influenza laboratory test result).VE was calculated as 1 -adjusted odds ratio using mixed-effects logistic regression, with age, race, and ethnicity as fixed effects and specimen collection week and county as random effects.Overall, during October 1, 2023-January 31, 2024, estimated VE was 45% among persons aged ≥6 months, 56% among children and adolescents aged 6 months-17 years, 48% among adults aged 18-49 years, 36% among those aged 50-64 years, and 30% among those aged ≥65 years.Consistent with some previous influenza seasons, influenza vaccination provided moderate protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza among infants, children, adolescents, and adults.All persons aged ≥6 months without a contraindication to vaccination should receive annual influenza vaccination to reduce influenza illness, severe influenza, and strain on health care resources.Influenza vaccination remains the best way to prevent influenza.* https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Laboratory_Reporting_Letter_COVID_Influenza_RSC_Sept2023_ Final.pdf† California influenza testing and immunization registries were matched using a probabilistic algorithm with exact match for date of birth and fuzzy match with a 95% cutoff on first name, last name, and county of residence.
Bilateral Oophorectomy and All-Cause Mortality in Women With <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Sequence Variations
Authors: Joanne Kotsopoulos, Jacek Gronwald, Tomasz Huzarski, Pål Møller, Tuya Pal, Jeanna M. McCuaig, Christian F. Singer, Beth Y. Karlan, Amber Aeilts, Charis Eng, Andrea Eisen, Louise Bordeleau, William D. Foulkes, Nadine Tung, Fergus J. Couch, Robert Fruscio, Susan L. Neuhausen, Dana Zakalik, Cezary Cybulski, Kelly Metcalfe, Olufunmilayo I. Olopade, Ping Sun, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod, Kevin Sweet, Christine Elser, Georgia Wiesner, Aletta Poll, Raymond Kim, Susan T. Armel, Rochelle Demsky, Linda Steele, Howard Saal, Kim Serfas, Seema Panchal, Carey A. Cullinane, Robert E. Reilly, Daniel Rayson, Leanne Mercer, Teresa Ramon y Cajal, Jeffrey Dungan, Stephanie Cohen, Edmond Lemire, Stefania Zovato, Antonella Rastelli
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Preventive bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is offered to women at high risk of ovarian cancer who carry a pathogenic variant in BRCA1 or BRCA2; however, the association of oophorectomy with all-cause mortality has not been clearly defined.
Clarifying our stance on BMI and accessibility in gender-affirming surgery: a commitment to inclusive care and dialogue – a reply to Castle &amp; Klein (2024)
Authors: Luke R. Allen, Noah Adams, Cody Dodd, Diane Ehrensaft, Lin Fraser, Maurice Garcia, Simona Giordano, Jamison Green, Thomas Johnson, Justin Penny, Katherine Rachlin, Jaimie Veale
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)
Peptide‐Drug Conjugate with Statistically Designed Transcellular Peptide for Psoriasis‐Like Inflammation
Authors: Do Hyun Bae, Hayeon Bae, Hyung‐Seok Yu, Banzragch Dorjsembe, Young Hyun No, Taejung Kim, Nam Hyeong Kim, Jin‐Woo Kim, Jiyool Kim, Bok‐Soo Lee, Ye Ji Kim, Seongchan Park, Zinah Hilal Khaleel, Deok Hyang Sa, Eui‐Chul Lee, Jaecheol Lee, Jungyeob Ham, Jin‐Chul Kim, Yong Ho Kim
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are a promising class of drug delivery systems that utilize covalently conjugated carrier peptides with therapeutic agents. PDCs offer several advantages over traditional drug delivery systems including enhanced target engagement, improved bioavailability, and increased cell permeability. However, the development of efficient transcellular peptides capable of effectively transporting drugs across biological barriers remains an unmet need. In this study, physicochemical criteria based on cell-penetrating peptides are employed to design transcellular peptides derived from an antimicrobial peptides library. Among the statistically designed transcellular peptides (SDTs), SDT7 exhibits higher skin permeability, faster kinetics, and improved cell permeability in human keratinocyte cells compared to the control peptide. Subsequently, it is found that 6-Paradol (PAR) exhibits inhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase 4, which can be utilized for an anti-inflammatory PDC. The transcellular PDC (SDT7-conjugated with PAR, named TM5) is evaluated in mouse models of psoriasis, exhibiting superior therapeutic efficacy compared to PAR alone. These findings highlight the potential of transcellular PDCs (TDCs) as a promising approach for the treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.
Pituitary apoplexy in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Eitan Mirvis, Shwetha Sairam, Erika Vainieri, Francesca Tona, Catherine Hockings, Renuka Palanicawandar, Elisabet Nadal‐Melsio
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Monocytes Release Pro-Cathepsin D to Drive Blood-to-Brain Transcytosis in Diabetes
Authors: Dan Zhao, Zeng-Kang Huang, Yu Liang, Zhi-Jun Li, Xue-Wei Zhang, Kun-Hang Li, Hao Wu, Xu-Dong Zhang, Chen-Sheng Li, Dong An, Xue Sun, Ming-Xin An, Jun-Xiu Shi, Yi-Jun Bao, Li Tian, Di-Fei Wang, An-Hua Wu, Yu-Hua Chen, Wei-Dong Zhao
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)

Microvascular complications are the major outcome of type 2 diabetes progression, and the underlying mechanism remains to be determined.
Health-care organization characteristics in cancer care delivery: an integrated conceptual framework with content validation
Authors: Sallie J Weaver, Erica S Breslau, Lauren E Russell, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma, Eric B Bass, Jill A Marsteller, Claire Snyder
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract Context can influence cancer-related outcomes. For example, health-care organization characteristics, including ownership, leadership, and culture, can affect care access, communication, and patient outcomes. Health-care organization characteristics and other contextual factors can also influence whether and how clinical discoveries reduce cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Importantly, policy, market, and technology changes are transforming health-care organization design, culture, and operations across the cancer continuum. Consequently, research is essential to examine when, for whom, and how organizational characteristics influence person-level, organization-level, and population-level cancer outcomes. Understanding organizational characteristics—the structures, processes, and other features of entities involved in health care delivery—and their dynamics is an important yet understudied area of care delivery research across the cancer continuum. Research incorporating organizational characteristics is critical to address health inequities, test care delivery models, adapt interventions, and strengthen implementation. The field lacks conceptual grounding, however, to help researchers identify germane organizational characteristics. We propose a framework identifying organizational characteristics relevant for cancer care delivery research based on conceptual work in health services, organizational behavior, and management science and refined using a systematic review and key informant input. The proposed framework is a tool for organizing existing research and enhancing future cancer care delivery research. Following a 2012 Journal of the National Cancer Institute monograph, this work complements National Cancer Institute efforts to stimulate research addressing the relationship between cancer outcomes and contextual factors at the patient, provider, team, delivery organization, community, and health policy levels.
Prediagnostic evaluation of multicancer detection tests: design and analysis considerations
Authors: Stuart G Baker, Ruth Etzioni
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Abstract There is growing interest in multicancer detection tests, which identify molecular signals in the blood that indicate a potential preclinical cancer. A key stage in evaluating these tests is a prediagnostic performance study, in which investigators store specimens from asymptomatic individuals and later test stored specimens from patients with cancer and a random sample of controls to determine predictive performance. Performance metrics include rates of cancer-specific true-positive and false-positive findings and a cancer-specific positive predictive value, with the latter compared with a decision-analytic threshold. The sample size trade-off method, which trades imprecise targeting of the true-positive rate for precise targeting of a zero-false-positive rate can substantially reduce sample size while increasing the lower bound of the positive predictive value. For a 1-year follow-up, with ovarian cancer as the rarest cancer considered, the sample size trade-off method yields a sample size of 163 000 compared with a sample size of 720 000, based on standard calculations. These design and analysis recommendations should be considered in planning a specimen repository and in the prediagnostic evaluation of multicancer detection tests.
Association between gut microbiota development and allergy in infants born during pandemic‐related social distancing restrictions
Authors: Katri Korpela, Sadhbh Hurley, Sinead Ahearn Ford, Ruth Franklin, Susan Byrne, Nonhlanhla Lunjani, Brian Forde, Ujjwal Neogi, Carina Venter, Jens Walter, Jonathan Hourihane, Liam O'Mahony
Journal: Allergy (2024)

Abstract Background Several hypotheses link reduced microbial exposure to increased prevalence of allergies. Here we capitalize on the opportunity to study a cohort of infants (CORAL), raised during COVID‐19 associated social distancing measures, to identify the environmental exposures and dietary factors that contribute to early life microbiota development and to examine their associations with allergic outcomes. Methods Fecal samples were sequenced from infants at 6 ( n = 351) and repeated at 12 ( n = 343) months, using 16S sequencing. Published 16S data from pre‐pandemic cohorts were included for microbiota comparisons. Online questionnaires collected epidemiological information on home environment, healthcare utilization, infant health, allergic diseases, and diet. Skin prick testing (SPT) was performed at 12 ( n = 343) and 24 ( n = 320) months of age, accompanied by atopic dermatitis and food allergy assessments. Results The relative abundance of bifidobacteria was higher, while environmentally transmitted bacteria such as Clostridia was lower in CORAL infants compared to previous cohorts. The abundance of multiple Clostridia taxa correlated with a microbial exposure index. Plant based foods during weaning positively impacted microbiota development. Bifidobacteria levels at 6 months of age, and relative abundance of butyrate producers at 12 months of age, were negatively associated with AD and SPT positivity. The prevalence of allergen sensitization, food allergy, and AD did not increase over pre‐pandemic levels. Conclusions Environmental exposures and dietary components significantly impact microbiota community assembly. Our results also suggest that vertically transmitted bacteria and appropriate dietary supports may be more important than exposure to environmental microbes alone for protection against allergic diseases in infancy.
Neural Responses to Intranasal Oxytocin in Youths With Severe Irritability
Authors: Soonjo Hwang, Ji-Woo Suk, Harma Meffert, Arica Lerdahl, William F. Garvey, Ryan Edwards, Alison Delizza, Brigette Soltis-Vaughan, Katrina Cordts, Ellen Leibenluft, R.J.R. Blair
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2024)

The authors investigated the neural impact of intranasal oxytocin on emotion processing areas in youths with severe irritability in the context of disruptive mood and behavior disorders.
Pattern of Risks for Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders in the Offspring of Parents With Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Linda Abrahamsson, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2024)

Objective: The authors sought to clarify the components of the familial liability to alcohol use disorder (AUD) by examining parent-offspring transmission in a large Swedish population sample. Methods: To this end, 1,244,516 offspring in intact families with a mean age at follow-up of 37.7 years (SD=6.8) were examined. Hazard ratios for offspring of parents with AUD were calculated using Cox models for risk of five disorders assessed from Swedish medical and criminal registries: AUD, drug use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, major depression, and anxiety disorders. Results: The hazard ratio for the offspring was highest for AUD (hazard ratio=2.36), followed by drug use disorder (hazard ratio=2.04), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (hazard ratio=1.82), major depression (hazard ratio=1.43), and anxiety disorder (hazard ratio=1.43). The risks for AUD were statistically indistinguishable between the children having mothers with AUD compared with those having fathers with AUD and between sons and daughters of a parent with AUD. All risks for offspring having two parents with AUD were higher than those having one parent with AUD, but the increase with two parents with AUD was greatest for AUD, followed by drug use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Age at AUD onset of the parents predicted risk among the offspring more strongly for AUD and drug use disorder, followed by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and then major depression and anxiety disorders. Number of recurrences of the parents with AUD predicted risks for all disorders equally. The risk pattern of disorders for the offspring of not-lived-with fathers with AUD was similar to that in the main analysis of intact families. No evidence was found for sex-specific transmission of AUD or a familial female protective effect. Conclusions: Familial and likely genetic liability to AUD has three components: a nonspecific risk of common internalizing and externalizing disorders, a moderately specific risk of externalizing disorders, and a highly specific risk of AUD.
N2 Responses in Youths With Psychosis Risk Syndrome and Their Association With Clinical Outcomes: A Cohort Follow-Up Study Based on the Three-Stimulus Visual Oddball Paradigm
Authors: Yongqing Hou, Haishuo Xia, Tianbao He, Bohua Zhang, Guiping Qiu, Antao Chen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2024)

Schizophrenia often occurs during youth, and psychosis risk syndrome occurs before the onset of psychosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visual event-related potential responses in youths with psychosis risk syndrome were defective in the presence of interference stimuli and associated with their clinical outcomes.
Irritability in Youths: A Critical Integrative Review
Authors: Ellen Leibenluft, Laura E. Allen, Robert R. Althoff, Melissa A. Brotman, Jeffrey D. Burke, Gabrielle A. Carlson, Daniel P. Dickstein, Lea R. Dougherty, Spencer C. Evans, Katharina Kircanski, Daniel N. Klein, Eleanor P. Malone, Carla A. Mazefsky, Joel Nigg, Susan B. Perlman, Daniel S. Pine, Amy Krain Roy, Giovanni A. Salum, Amy Shakeshaft, Jamilah Silver, Joel Stoddard, Anita Thapar, Wan-Ling Tseng, Pablo Vidal-Ribas, Lauren S. Wakschlag, Argyris Stringaris
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2024)

Irritability, defined as proneness to anger that may impair an individual's functioning, is common in youths. There has been a recent upsurge in relevant research. The authors combine systematic and narrative review approaches to integrate the latest clinical and translational findings and provide suggestions for addressing research gaps. Clinicians and researchers should assess irritability routinely, and specific assessment tools are now available. Informant effects are prominent, are stable, and vary by age and gender. The prevalence of irritability is particularly high among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and mood and anxiety disorders. Irritability is associated with impairment and suicidality risk independent of co-occurring diagnoses. Developmental trajectories of irritability (which may begin early in life) have been identified and are differentially associated with clinical outcomes. Youth irritability is associated with increased risk of anxiety, depression, behavioral problems, and suicidality later in life. Irritability is moderately heritable, and genetic associations differ based on age and comorbid illnesses. Parent management training is effective for treating psychological problems related to irritability, but its efficacy in treating irritability should be tested rigorously, as should novel mechanism-informed interventions (e.g., those targeting exposure to frustration). Associations between irritability and suicidality and the impact of cultural context are important, underresearched topics. Analyses of large, diverse longitudinal samples that extend into adulthood are needed. Data from both animal and human research indicate that aberrant responses to frustration and threat are central to the pathophysiology of irritability, revealing important translational opportunities.
Correction: Circular RNA circMET drives immunosuppression and anti-PD1 therapy resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-30-5p/snail/DPP4 axis
Authors: Xiao-Yong Huang, Peng-Fei Zhang, Chuan-Yuan Wei, Rui Peng, Jia-Cheng Lu, Chao Gao, Jia-Bing Cai, Xuan Yang, Jia Fan, Ai-Wu Ke, Jian Zhou, Guo-Ming Shi
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2024)
Substrate and Functional Diversity of Protein Lysine Post-translational Modifications
Authors: Bingbing Hao, Kaifeng Chen, Linhui Zhai, Muyin Liu, Bin Liu, Minjia Tan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

Abstract Lysine post-translational modifications (PTMs) are widespread and versatile protein PTMs that are involved in diverse biological processes by regulating the fundamental functions of histone and non-histone proteins. Dysregulation of lysine PTMs is implicated in many diseases, and targeting lysine PTM regulatory factors, including writers, erasers, and readers, has become an effective strategy for disease therapy. The continuing development of mass spectrometry (MS) technologies coupled with antibody-based affinity enrichment technologies greatly promotes the discovery and decoding of PTMs. The global characterization of lysine PTMs is crucial for deciphering the regulatory networks, molecular functions, and mechanisms of action of lysine PTMs. In this review, we focus on lysine PTMs, and provide a summary of the regulatory enzymes of diverse lysine PTMs and the proteomics advances in lysine PTMs by MS technologies. We also discuss the types and biological functions of lysine PTM crosstalks on histone and non-histone proteins and current druggable targets of lysine PTM regulatory factors for disease therapy.