tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recall of Autobiographical Memories Following Odor vs Verbal Cues Among Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Emily K. Leiker, Emma Riley, Scott Barb, Sair K. Lazzaro, Laurie Compère, Carolyn Webb, Gia Canovali, Kymberly D. Young
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in autobiographical memory (AM) recall, which is thought to stem from disruptions in effortful recall. Understanding whether these deficits are mitigated when recall is stimulated more directly, such as by odor cues, could inform therapeutic interventions for MDD. Objective To evaluate whether deficits in specific AM recall in MDD are mitigated when odor cues vs word cues are used to prompt memory. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study assessed recall of specific AMs in response to both odor cues and word cues (in a randomized, counterbalanced order) in a repeated measures design. Data were collected between September 2021 and November 2022. The study took place at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania and included adults with a primary diagnosis of MDD, according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Data were analyzed from January to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was the percentage of specific AMs recalled in response to odor-cued memories vs word-cued memories. Additional outcome measures included ratings of arousal, vividness, repetition, and recall response time for odor-cued memories vs word-cued memories. Results Thirty-two adults (mean [SD] age, 30.0 [10.1] years; 26 [81.3%] female; 6 [18.8%] male) with a primary diagnosis of MDD completed the study. Participants recalled more specific AMs for odor cues than word cues (mean [SD], 68.4% [20.4%] vs 52.1% [23.3%]; Cohen d , 0.78; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Additionally, odor-cued recall was rated more arousing (mean [SD], 3.0 [0.8] vs 2.6 [0.7]; Cohen d , 1.28; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) and vivid (mean [SD], 3.3 [0.7] vs 3.0 [0.7]; Cohen d , 0.67; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and was slower than word-cued recall (mean [SD], 14.5 [3.6] vs 8.9 [3.4] seconds; Cohen d , 1.18; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). When compared with the population mean for word cues in healthy controls (80%), participants recalled fewer specific memories in response to words (Cohen d , 1.18; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), supporting the presence of overgenerality. Notably, the percentage of specific memories recalled in response to odor cues did not differ from the healthy control population mean (Cohen d , 0.26; P = .15). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, adults with MDD recalled more specific AMs in response to odor cues compared with word cues. This study suggests that AM deficits may only be observed when verbal cues are used and provides a potential new method for increasing specific AM recall in patients with MDD.
Stroke Risk in Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Pui Lam Yip, Huili Zheng, Timothy Cheo, Teng Hwee Tan, Shing Fung Lee, Yiat Horng Leong, Lea Choung Wong, Jeremy Tey, Francis Ho, Yu Yang Soon
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Survivors of head and neck cancers (HNC) have increased risk of stroke. A comprehensive report using standardized methods is warranted to characterize the risk and to inform on survivorship strategy. Objective To determine the stroke risk in subpopulations of survivors of HNC in Singapore. Design, Setting, and Participants This national, registry-based, cross-sectional study aimed to estimate stroke risk in subgroups of the HNC population between January 2005 and December 2020. Participants were identified from the Singapore Cancer Registry, the Singapore Stroke Registry, and the Registry of Birth and Deaths using relevant International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification ( ICD-9-CM ) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification ( ICD-10-AM ) codes. HNC subgroups were defined based on patient demographic, disease, and treatment factors. Data were analyzed from September 2022 to September 2023. Exposure Diagnosis of HNC. Main Outcomes and Measures Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke were studied. The age-standardized incidence rate ratio (SIRR) and age-standardized incidence rate difference (SIRD) were reported. The Singapore general population (approximately 4 million) served as the reference group for these estimations. Results A total of 9803 survivors of HNC (median [IQR] age at diagnosis, 58 [49-68] years; 7166 [73.1%] male) were identified. The most common HNC subsites were nasopharynx (4680 individuals [47.7%]), larynx (1228 individuals [12.5%]), and tongue (1059 individuals [10.8%]). A total of 337 individuals (3.4%) developed stroke over a median (IQR) follow-up of 42.5 (15.0-94.5) months. The overall SIRR was 2.46 (95% CI, 2.21-2.74), and the overall SIRD was 4.11 (95% CI, 3.37-4.85) strokes per 1000 person-years (PY). The cumulative incidence of stroke was 3% at 5 years and 7% at 10 years after HNC diagnosis. The SIRR was highest among individuals diagnosed at younger than 40 years (SIRR, 30.55 [95% CI, 16.24-52.35]). All population subsets defined by age, sex, race and ethnicity, HNC subsites (except tongue), stage, histology, and treatment modalities had increased risk of stroke compared with the general population. The SIRR and SIRD were significantly higher among individuals who had a primary radiation treatment approach (SIRR, 3.01 [95% CI, 2.64-3.43]; SIRD, 5.12 [95% CI, 4.18-6.29] strokes per 1000 PY) compared with a primary surgery approach (SIRR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.31-2.05]; SIRD, 1.84 [95% CI, 0.923.67] strokes per 1000 PY). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of survivors of HNC, elevated stroke risks were observed across different age, subsites, and treatment modalities, underscoring the importance of early screening and intervention.
Maternal Tobacco Use During Pregnancy and Child Neurocognitive Development
Authors: Troy B. Puga, Hongying Daisy Dai, Yingying Wang, Elijah Theye
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Maternal tobacco use during pregnancy (MTDP) persists across the globe. Longitudinal assessment of the association of MTDP with neurocognitive development of offspring at late childhood is limited. Objectives To examine whether MTDP is associated with child neurocognitive development at ages 9 to 12 years. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included children aged 9 and 10 years at wave 1 (October 2016 to October 2018) and aged 11 to 12 years at a 2-year follow-up (wave 2, August 2018 to January 2021) across 21 US sites in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Data were analyzed from June 2022 to December 2023. Exposure MTDP. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest were neurocognition, measured by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Toolbox Cognition Battery, and morphometric brain measures through the region of interest (ROI) analysis from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Results Among 11 448 children at wave 1 (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 5990 [52.3%] male), 1607 children were identified with MTDP. In the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) exhibited lower scores on the oral reading recognition (mean [SE] B = −1.2 [0.2]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), picture sequence memory (mean [SE] B = −2.3 [0.6]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and picture vocabulary (mean [SE] B = −1.2 [0.3]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) tests and the crystallized cognition composite score (mean [SE] B = −1.3 [0.3]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) at wave 1. These differential patterns persisted at wave 2. In sMRI, children with MTDP (vs no MTDP) had smaller cortical areas in precentral (mean [SE] B = −104.2 [30.4] mm 2 ; P = .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = −153.9 [43.4] mm 2 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and entorhinal (mean [SE] B = −25.1 [5.8] mm 2 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) regions and lower cortical volumes in precentral (mean [SE] B = −474.4 [98.2] mm 3 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), inferior parietal (mean [SE] B = −523.7 [136.7] mm 3 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), entorhinal (mean [SE] B = −94.1 [24.5] mm 3 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and parahippocampal (mean [SE] B = −82.6 [18.7] mm 3 ; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) regions at wave 1. Distinct cortical volume patterns continued to be significant at wave 2. Frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes exhibited differential ROI, while there were no notable distinctions in the occipital lobe and insula cortex. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, MTDP was associated with enduring deficits in childhood neurocognition. Continued research on the association of MTDP with cognitive performance and brain structure related to language processing skills and episodic memory is needed.
PD-1 or CTLA-4 blockade promotes CD86-driven Treg responses upon radiotherapy of lymphocyte-depleted cancer in mice
Authors: Elselien Frijlink, Douwe M.T. Bosma, Julia Busselaar, Thomas W. Battaglia, Mo D. Staal, Inge Verbrugge, Jannie Borst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Radiotherapy (RT) is considered immunogenic, but clinical data demonstrating RT-induced T-cell priming are scarce. Here, we show in a mouse tumor model representative of human lymphocyte-depleted cancer that RT enhances spontaneous priming of thymus-derived (FOXP3+ Helios+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) by the tumor. These Tregs acquire an effector phenotype, populate the tumor and impede tumor control by a simultaneous, RT-induced CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response. Combination of RT with CTLA-4 or PD-1 blockade, which enables CD28 costimulation, further increased this Treg response and failed to improve tumor control. We discovered that upon RT, CD28-ligands CD86 and CD80 differentially affected the Treg response. CD86, but not CD80, blockade prevented the effector (e)Treg response, enriched the tumor-draining lymph node for PD-L1+CD80+ migratory, conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and promoted CTL priming. Blockade of CD86 alone or in combination with PD-1, enhanced intra-tumoral CTL accumulation and the combination significantly increased RT-induced tumor regression and overall survival. We advise that combining RT with PD-1 and/or CTLA-4 blockade may be counterproductive in lymphocyte-depleted cancers, since they drive Treg responses in this context. However, combining RT with CD86 blockade may promote control of such tumors by enabling a CTL response.
When?
Authors: Joseph S. Weiner
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply: Additional viewpoints from transplant surgeons on Banff consensus recommendations for the assessment of steatotic donor livers
Authors: Desley A.H. Neil, Maxwell L. Smith, Marta Minervini, A. Jake Demetris
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

We thank Drs Cao and Gu for their thoughtful response to our publication. The 3-step algorithm for assessing donor steatosis was based on the approach of 3 experienced liver transplant pathologists with the goal of developing a standardized approach that was lacking. Diagrams, digital images with a range of steatosis, and extensive discussion were used. Cases were then selected to include a severity spectrum from minimal to severe large droplet fat (LDF) on the local pathologist's assessment. As noted by Drs Cao and Gu, this turned out not to be the case. The cases represent the spectrum of donor livers biopsied for the assessment of steatosis in the United Kingdom and are mirrored in a yet unpublished follow-up study using biopsies performed in the United States. Thus, it is possible that many cases with a gross appearance of severe steatosis are not biopsied based on clinical or visual assessment. This raises the question: are livers suitable for transplantation being overlooked based on clinical and visual inspection of the degree of steatosis? The timing of the specimen is outside the control of pathologists. Procurement organizations tend to biopsy early, while implanting surgeons perform on the back table shortly before transplantation. LDF% does not change during storage; however, smaller droplet fat (SDF) may.1 SDF is not assessed as part of the Banff 3-step algorithm, but in view of defatting strategies under investigation, it will be important to understand the processes involved, as this organelle (lipid droplet) is required for liver regeneration.2,3 Therefore, biopsy timing is important. A rapid paraffin section is generally of better quality but takes longer (≈4 h) than a frozen section (<1 h). A good frozen section is satisfactory, a poor frozen section is not. A rapid paraffin service would necessitate an early biopsy or utilization of machine perfusion to safely increase preservation time. Another option is to standardize the quality of frozen sections. Frozen section quality is important for the pathologist and digital algorithms. We agree that further validation of the 3-step approach and digital algorithms based on this approach should be undertaken based on outcome data personalized to recipient factors (being able to tolerate postreperfusion syndrome and short periods of graft dysfunction) to determine cutoffs for safe transplantation. This "validation metric" will also need to be further refined based on the recipient clinical team's ability to manage complications that arise when transplanting fatty livers. Looking to the future the reason given for biopsy may change to "should this liver be optimized/defatted by extracorporeal perfusion?"
Pharmacologic Treatment for High BP and Risk of CVD—Reply
Authors: Stephen P. Juraschek, Kenneth J. Mukamal
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gefapixant for Chronic Cough—Reply
Authors: Elena Kum, Gordon H. Guyatt, Imran Satia
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of Concussion Subtypes Based on Intrinsic Brain Activity
Authors: Ruben Armañanzas, Bo Liang, Saloni Kanakia, Jeffrey J. Bazarian, Leslie S. Prichep
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The identification of brain activity–based concussion subtypes at time of injury has the potential to advance the understanding of concussion pathophysiology and to optimize treatment planning and outcomes. Objective To investigate the presence of intrinsic brain activity–based concussion subtypes, defined as distinct resting state quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) profiles, at the time of injury. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective, multicenter (9 US universities and high schools and 4 US clinical sites) cohort study, participants aged 13 to 70 years with mild head injuries were included in longitudinal cohort studies from 2017 to 2022. Patients had a clinical diagnosis of concussion and were restrained from activity by site guidelines for more than 5 days, with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale score of 14 to 15. Participants were excluded for known neurological disease or history of traumatic brain injury within the last year. Patients were assessed with 2 minutes of artifact-free EEG acquired from frontal and frontotemporal regions within 120 hours of head injury. Data analysis was performed from July 2021 to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Quantitative features characterizing the EEG signal were extracted from a 1- to 2-minute artifact-free EEG data for each participant, within 120 hours of injury. Symptom inventories and days to return to activity were also acquired. Results From the 771 participants (mean [SD] age, 20.16 [5.75] years; 432 male [56.03%]), 600 were randomly selected for cluster analysis according to 471 qEEG features. Participants and features were simultaneously grouped into 5 disjoint subtypes by a bootstrapped coclustering algorithm with an overall agreement of 98.87% over 100 restarts. Subtypes were characterized by distinctive profiles of qEEG measure sets, including power, connectivity, and complexity, and were validated in the independent test set. Subtype membership showed a statistically significant association with time to return to activity. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, distinct subtypes based on resting state qEEG activity were identified within the concussed population at the time of injury. The existence of such physiological subtypes supports different underlying pathophysiology and could aid in personalized prognosis and optimization of care path.
Development and external validation of a prediction model for digit replantation failure after traumatic amputations based on a prospective multicenter cohort
Authors: Tao Gao, Bingbo Bao, Junqing Lin, Maoyuan Tian, Lei Xia, Haifeng Wei, Qianying Cai, Hongyi Zhu, Xianyou Zheng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Failure of digit replantation after traumatic amputation is difficult to predict. We aimed to develop a prognostic model to better identify factors that better predict replantation failure following traumatic digit amputation. Materials and methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort, we identified patients who had received digit replantation between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2019. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed successively to identify independently predictive factors for failure of replanted digit. To reduce overfitting, the Bayesian information criterion was used to reduce variables in the original model. Nomograms were created with the reduced model after model selection. This model was then internally validated with bootstrap resampling and further externally validated in validation cohort. Results: Digit replantation was failed in 101 of 1062 (9.5%) digits and 146 of 1156 digits (12.6%) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. We found that six independent prognostic variables were associated with digit replantation failure: age, mechanism of injury, ischemia duration, smoking status, amputation pattern (complete or incomplete), and surgeon’s experience. The prediction model achieved good discrimination, with concordance indexes of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76-0.85) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.65-0.74) in predicting digit failure in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves were well-fitted for both training and validation cohorts. Conclusions: The proposed prediction model effectively predicted the failure rate of digit replantation for individual digits of all patients. It could assist in selecting the most suitable surgical plan for the patient.
Safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Liu, Yu Xiao, Xiao Yue, Qiang Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) method has been widely used in surgery and anesthesia worldwide and has been applied to a wide range of surgical specialties, including colorectal surgery, gynecology, liver surgery, breast surgery, urology, and spinal surgery. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated its safety and efficacy in various fields. The safety and effectiveness of ERAS for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remain controversial. This study aimed to review the safety and effectiveness of ERAS for PCNL.