tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Antiviral humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants induced by XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccine in infection-naive and XBB-infected individuals
Authors: Yusuke Kosugi, Yu Kaku, Alfredo A Hinay, Ziyi Guo, Keiya Uriu, Minoru Kihara, Fumitake Saito, Yoshifumi Uwamino, Jin Kuramochi, Kotaro Shirakawa, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Kei Sato
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)
Pooled CRISPR Screening Identifies P-Bodies as Repressors of Cancer Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Liang Fang, Li Zhang, Mengran Wang, Yuhao He, Jiao Yang, Zengjin Huang, Ying Tan, Ke Fang, Jun Li, Zhiyuan Sun, Yanping Li, Yisen Tang, Weizheng Liang, Huanhuan Cui, Qionghua Zhu, Zhe Wu, Yiming Li, Yuhui Hu, Wei Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental cellular process frequently hijacked by cancer cells to promote tumor progression, especially metastasis. EMT is orchestrated by a complex molecular network acting at different layers of gene regulation. In addition to transcriptional regulation, posttranscriptional mechanisms may also play a role in EMT. Here, we performed a pooled CRISPR screen analyzing the influence of 1,547 RNA-binding proteins on cell motility in colon cancer cells and identified multiple core components of P-bodies (PB) as negative modulators of cancer cell migration. Further experiments demonstrated that PB depletion by silencing DDX6 or EDC4 could activate hallmarks of EMT thereby enhancing cell migration in vitro as well as metastasis formation in vivo. Integrative multiomics analysis revealed that PBs could repress the translation of the EMT driver gene HMGA2, which contributed to PB-meditated regulation of EMT. This mechanism is conserved in other cancer types. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress was an intrinsic signal that induced PB disassembly and translational derepression of HMGA2. Taken together, this study has identified a function of PBs in the regulation of EMT in cancer. Significance: Systematic investigation of the influence of posttranscriptional regulation on cancer cell motility established a connection between P-body–mediated translational control and EMT, which could be therapeutically exploited to attenuate metastasis formation.
Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is the Effect of One Plus One Greater than Two?
Authors: Yanjuan Wu, Qiming Gan, Quanzhen Liu, Kang Wu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is the Effect of One Plus One Greater Than Two?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Annals Graphic Medicine - The Power of Palliative
Authors: Melody Wang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Web Exclusives9 January 2024Annals Graphic Medicine - The Power of PalliativeFREEMelody WangMelody WangPenn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (M.W.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/G22-0082 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Download figure Download PowerPoint Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Melody WangAffiliations: Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (M.W.)Disclosures: The author has reported no disclosures of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=G22-0082.Author/Illustrator Information: Melody Wang, MD, is currently a first-year family medicine resident at Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles. She has enjoyed sketching and doodling since she was young. Drawing this comic gave her a unique medium to process a complex situation and the opportunity to commemorate an unforgettable patient (e-mail, melodytzywang@gmail.com).This article was published at Annals.org on 9 January 2024. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Latest ePublished: 9 January 2024 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2024 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
AXL/WRNIP1 Mediates Replication Stress Response and Promotes Therapy Resistance and Metachronous Metastasis in HER2+ Breast Cancer
Authors: Mauricio Marquez-Palencia, Luis Reza Herrera, Pravat Kumar Parida, Suvranil Ghosh, Kangsan Kim, Nikitha M. Das, Paula I. Gonzalez-Ericsson, Melinda E. Sanders, Bret C. Mobley, Sebastian Diegeler, Todd A. Aguilera, Yan Peng, Cheryl M. Lewis, Carlos L. Arteaga, Ariella B. Hanker, Angelique W. Whitehurst, James B. Lorens, Rolf A. Brekken, Anthony J. Davis, Srinivas Malladi
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Therapy resistance and metastatic progression are primary causes of cancer-related mortality. Disseminated tumor cells possess adaptive traits that enable them to reprogram their metabolism, maintain stemness, and resist cell death, facilitating their persistence to drive recurrence. The survival of disseminated tumor cells also depends on their ability to modulate replication stress in response to therapy while colonizing inhospitable microenvironments. In this study, we discovered that the nuclear translocation of AXL, a TAM receptor tyrosine kinase, and its interaction with WRNIP1, a DNA replication stress response factor, promotes the survival of HER2+ breast cancer cells that are resistant to HER2-targeted therapy and metastasize to the brain. In preclinical models, knocking down or pharmacologically inhibiting AXL or WRNIP1 attenuated protection of stalled replication forks. Furthermore, deficiency or inhibition of AXL and WRNIP1 also prolonged metastatic latency and delayed relapse. Together, these findings suggest that targeting the replication stress response, which is a shared adaptive mechanism in therapy-resistant and metastasis-initiating cells, could reduce metachronous metastasis and enhance the response to standard-of-care therapies. Significance: Nuclear AXL and WRNIP1 interact and mediate replication stress response, promote therapy resistance, and support metastatic progression, indicating that targeting the AXL/WRNIP1 axis is a potentially viable therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
Associations between landscape fires and child morbidity in southern Mozambique: a time-series study
Authors: Ariadna Curto, Jovito Nunes, Carles Milà, Arsenio Nhacolo, Risto Hänninen, Mikhail Sofiev, Antònia Valentín, Francisco Saúte, Manolis Kogevinas, Charfudin Sacoor, Quique Bassat, Cathryn Tonne
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

BackgroundEpidemiological evidence linking exposure to landscape fires to child health remains scarce. We assessed the association between daily landscape fire smoke and child hospital visits and admissions in the Manhiça district, Mozambique, an area characterised by frequent forest and cropland fires.MethodsIn this time-series analysis (2012–20), our primary metric for exposure to landscape fires was fire-originated PM2·5 from smoke dispersion hindcasts. We also assessed total and upwind fire exposure using daily satellite-derived fire density data. Daily numbers of hospital visits and admissions were extracted from an ongoing paediatric morbidity surveillance system (children aged ≤15 years). We applied quasi-Poisson regression models controlling for season, long-term trend, day of the week, temperature, and rainfall, and offsetting by annual population-time at risk to examine lag-specific association of fires on morbidity.FindingsA 10 μg/m3 increase in fire-originated PM2·5 was associated with a 6·12% (95% CI 0·37–12·21) increase in all-cause and a 12·43% (5·07–20·31) increase in respiratory-linked hospital visits on the following day. Positive associations were also observed for lag 0 and the cumulative lag of 0–1 days. Null associations were observed for hospital admissions. Landscape fires mostly occurred in forested areas; however, associations with child morbidity were stronger for cropland than for forest fires.InterpretationLandscape fire smoke was associated with all-cause and respiratory-linked morbidity in children. Improved exposure assessment is needed to better quantify the contribution of landscape fire smoke to child health in regions with scarce air pollution monitoring.FundingH2020 project EXHAUSTION, Academy of Finland, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Generalitat de Catalunya, and Government of Mozambique and Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development.
The Failure of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal May Be a Failure of Technology
Authors: Beatrice Barbič, Cecilia Bianchi, Fabiana Madotto, Michael C. Sklar, Christian Karagiannidis, Eddy Fan, Laurent Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"The Failure of Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal May Be a Failure of Technology." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Estimating the potential risk of transmission of arboviruses in the Americas and Europe: a modelling study
Authors: Agnese Zardini, Francesco Menegale, Andrea Gobbi, Mattia Manica, Giorgio Guzzetta, Valeria d'Andrea, Valentina Marziano, Filippo Trentini, Fabrizio Montarsi, Beniamino Caputo, Angelo Solimini, Cecilia Marques-Toledo, André B B Wilke, Roberto Rosà, Giovanni Marini, Daniele Arnoldi, Ana Pastore y Piontti, Andrea Pugliese, Gioia Capelli, Alessandra della Torre, Mauro M Teixeira, John C Beier, Annapaola Rizzoli, Alessandro Vespignani, Marco Ajelli, Stefano Merler, Piero Poletti
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2024)

BackgroundEstimates of the spatiotemporal distribution of different mosquito vector species and the associated risk of transmission of arboviruses are key to design adequate policies for preventing local outbreaks and reducing the number of human infections in endemic areas. In this study, we quantified the abundance of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti and the local transmission potential for three arboviral infections at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution in areas where no entomological surveillance is available.MethodsWe developed a computational model to quantify the daily abundance of Aedes mosquitoes, leveraging temperature and precipitation records. The model was calibrated on mosquito surveillance data collected in 115 locations in Europe and the Americas between 2007 and 2018. Model estimates were used to quantify the reproduction number of dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya in Europe and the Americas, at a high spatial resolution.FindingsIn areas colonised by both Aedes species, A aegypti was estimated to be the main vector for the transmission of dengue virus, Zika virus, and chikungunya, being associated with a higher estimate of R0 when compared with A albopictus. Our estimates highlighted that these arboviruses were endemic in tropical and subtropical countries, with the highest risks of transmission found in central America, Venezuela, Colombia, and central-east Brazil. A non-negligible potential risk of transmission was also estimated for Florida, Texas, and Arizona (USA). The broader ecological niche of A albopictus could contribute to the emergence of chikungunya outbreaks and clusters of dengue autochthonous cases in temperate areas of the Americas, as well as in mediterranean Europe (in particular, in Italy, southern France, and Spain).InterpretationOur results provide a comprehensive overview of the transmission potential of arboviral diseases in Europe and the Americas, highlighting areas where surveillance and mosquito control capacities should be prioritised.FundingEU and Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza Extended Partnership initiative on Emerging Infectious Diseases); EU (Horizon 2020); Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italy (Progetti di ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale programme); Brazilian National Council of Science, Technology and Innovation; Ministry of Health, Brazil; and Foundation of Research for Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Kristine E. Ensrud, Carolyn J. Crandall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Osteoporosis is a common systemic skeletal disorder resulting in bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Evidence-based screening strategies improve identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from drug treatment to prevent fracture. In addition, careful consideration of when pharmacotherapy should be started, choice of medication, and duration of treatment maximizes the benefits of fracture prevention while minimizing potential harms of long-term drug exposure.
Reply to: Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is the Effect One Plus One Greater Than Two?
Authors: Paula K. Schweitzer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Reply to: Combination of Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Is the Effect of One Plus One Greater Than Two?." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Chronic Stress Dampens <i>Lactobacillus Johnsonii</i>–Mediated Tumor Suppression to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Progression
Authors: Qiuhua Cao, Mingrui Zhao, Yali Su, Siliang Liu, Yanting Lin, Huijuan Da, Chongxiu Yue, Yiming Liu, Dongquan Jing, Qixiang Zhao, Ning Liu, Juan Du, Zhanjie Zuo, Yao Fu, Anqi Chen, Lutz Birnbaumer, Yong Yang, Beiying Dai, Xinghua Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Colorectal cancer development and outcome are impacted by modifiable risk factors, including psychologic stress. The gut microbiota has also been shown to be linked to psychologic factors. Here, we found a marked deteriorative effect of chronic stress in multiple colorectal cancer models, including chemically induced (AOM/DSS), genetically engineered (APCmin/+), and xenograft tumor mouse models. RNA sequencing data from colon tissues revealed that expression of stemness-related genes was upregulated in the stressed colorectal cancer group by activated β-catenin signaling, which was further confirmed by results from ex vivo organoid analyses as well as in vitro and in vivo cell tumorigenicity assays. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that chronic stress disrupted gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation abolished the stimulatory effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer progression. Stressed colorectal cancer mice displayed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) abundance, which was inversely correlated with tumor load. Moreover, protocatechuic acid (PCA) was identified as a beneficial metabolite produced by L. johnsonii based on metabolome sequencing and LC/MS-MS analysis. Replenishment of L. johnsonii or PCA blocked chronic stress-induced colorectal cancer progression by decreasing β-catenin expression. Furthermore, PCA activated the cGMP pathway, and the cGMP agonist sildenafil abolished the effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer. Altogether, these data identify that stress impacts the gut microbiome to support colorectal cancer progression. Significance: Chronic stress stimulates cancer stemness by reducing the intestinal abundance of L. johnsonii and its metabolite PCA to enhance β-catenin signaling, forming a basis for potential strategies to circumvent stress-induced cancer aggressiveness. See related commentary by McCollum and Shah, p. 645
Effectiveness of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine Against Herpes Zoster in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Ousseny Zerbo, Joan Bartlett, Bruce Fireman, Ned Lewis, Kristin Goddard, Kathleen Dooling, Jonathan Duffy, Jason Glanz, Allison Naleway, James G. Donahue, Nicola P. Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

A 2-dose series of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was 97% effective against herpes zoster (HZ) in a pivotal clinical trial.
Political reinforcement learners
Authors: Lion Schulz, Rahul Bhui
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2024)

Politics can seem home to the most calculating and yet least rational elements of humanity. How might we systematically characterize this spectrum of political cognition? Here, we propose reinforcement learning (RL) as a unified framework to dissect the political mind. RL describes how agents algorithmically navigate complex and uncertain domains like politics. Through this computational lens, we outline three routes to political differences, stemming from variability in agents' conceptions of a problem, the cognitive operations applied to solve the problem, or the backdrop of information available from the environment. A computational vantage on maladies of the political mind offers enhanced precision in assessing their causes, consequences, and cures.
Real-World Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Against Infection and Severe Diseases in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Qiong Wu, Jiayi Tong, Bingyu Zhang, Dazheng Zhang, Jiajie Chen, Yuqing Lei, Yiwen Lu, Yudong Wang, Lu Li, Yishan Shen, Jie Xu, L. Charles Bailey, Jiang Bian, Dimitri A. Christakis, Megan L. Fitzgerald, Kathryn Hirabayashi, Ravi Jhaveri, Alka Khaitan, Tianchen Lyu, Suchitra Rao, Hanieh Razzaghi, Hayden T. Schwenk, Fei Wang, Margot I. Gage Witvliet, Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen, Jeffrey S. Morris, Christopher B. Forrest, Yong Chen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

The efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in pediatrics was assessed by randomized trials before the Omicron variant's emergence. The long-term durability of vaccine protection in this population during the Omicron period remains limited.
Serum Cell-Free DNA-based Detection of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> Complex Infection
Authors: Lin Li, Emily Henkle, Brady M. Youngquist, Seungyeon Seo, Kamal Hamed, David Melnick, Christopher J. Lyon, Li Jiang, Adrian M. Zelazny, Tony Y. Hu, Kevin L. Winthrop, Bo Ning
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

complex (MAC) is the most common cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease (PD), which exhibits increasing global incidence. Current microbiologic methods routinely used in clinical practice lack sensitivity and have long latencies, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment initiation and evaluation. A clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based assay that measures MAC cell-free DNA (cfDNA) concentrations in serum could provide a rapid means to detect MAC infection and monitor response to antimicrobial treatment.
Differences in the Response to High-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Self-identified Black and White Individuals: A <i>Post Hoc</i> Analysis of the NOSARSCOVID Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Naman S. Shetty, Valentina Giammatteo, Mokshad Gaonkar, Peng Li, Oluwaseun Akeju, Garima Arora, Lorenzo Berra, Pankaj Arora
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Differences in the Response to High-Dose Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Self-identified Black and White Individuals: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the NOSARSCOVID Trial ." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
“New Targets in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer”—RET, HER2, and KRAS
Authors: Varun Halani, Ahmad Sharayah, Bryan Beck, Setu Patolia
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

""New Targets in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer" - RET, HER2 and KRAS." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Hyperuricemia and Gout Reduction by SGLT2 Inhibitors in Diabetes and Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Gout is characterized by increased production of purines (through the pentose phosphate pathway), which is coupled with reduced renal or intestinal excretion of urate. Concurrent upregulation of nutrient surplus signaling (mammalian target of rapamycin and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a) and downregulation of nutrient deprivation signaling (sirtuin-1 and adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase) redirects glucose toward anabolic pathways (rather than adenosine triphosphate production), thus promoting heightened oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte and proximal tubular dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy and kidney disease. Hyperuricemia is a marker (rather than a driver) of these cellular stresses. By inducing a state of starvation mimicry in a state of nutrient surplus, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors decrease flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (thereby attenuating purine and urate synthesis) while promoting renal urate excretion. These convergent actions exert a meaningful effect to lower serum uric acid by ≈0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL and to reduce the risk of gout by 30% to 50% in large-scale clinical trials.
Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Time to Stop Chasing Shadows
Authors: David M. G. Halpin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Asthma and COPD: Time to Stop Chasing Shadows." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Hospitalization With Cardiovascular Conditions in the Postpartum Year Among Commercially Insured Women in the U.S.
Authors: Nicole D. Ford, Carla L. DeSisto, Lindsay S. Womack, Romeo R. Galang, Lisa M. Hollier, Laurence S. Sperling, Janet S. Wright, Jean Y. Ko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Highlights From the <i>Circulation</i> Family of Journals
Authors: Robert Przybylski, Saravu Vijayashankar, Edward O'leary, Robyn Hylind, Jennifer Noon, Audrey Dionne, Elizabeth Dewitt, Vassilios Bezzerides, Dominic Abrams, Matthias Friedrich, Elizabeth Hillier, Jason Covone, Kady Fischer, ; Hao, Yu Chen, Tarik Hafyane, Andrea Luviano, Ankur Pandya, Anna Pavon, Ruben Martinez Fernandez, Dimitri Arangalage, Luca Bergamaschi, Niccolò Maurizi, Sebastien Colombier, Samuel Rotman, Anna Nowacka, Judith Bouchardy, Juerg Schwitter, Matthias Kirsch, Pierre Monney, Tobias Rutz, Miho Fukui, Atsushi Okada, Kiahltone Thao, Marcus Burns, Hideki Koike, Cheng Wang, Asa Phichaphop, John Lesser, Paul Sorajja, João Cavalcante, Vinayak Bapat
Journal: Circulation (2024)

The associations of coronary and cerebrovascular microvascular dysfunction, heart failure, and cognitive dysfunction are reported in Circulation: Heart Failure.The incorporation of cost-effectiveness evaluations in clinical cardiology guidelines is reported in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.Investigators report an association of pericardial enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after cardiac surgery with low-grade inflammation in Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging.Last, an analysis of cardiac computed tomography characteristics before redo transcatheter aortic valve replacement for the risk of coronary occlusion is reported in Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions.