tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proposed Core Outcomes After Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Petek Eylul Taneri, Linda Biesty, Jamie J. Kirkham, Eleanor J. Molloy, Richard A. Polin, Aoife Branagan, Kondwani Kawaza, Mandy Daly, James L. Wynn, Lívia Nagy Bonnard, Fiona A. Quirke, Niranjan Kissoon, Magdalena Ohaja, Kateregga Bazilio, Eric Giannoni, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Denise Suguitani, Tobias Strunk, Barbara J. Stoll, Declan Devane
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. There is heterogeneity in the outcomes measured and reported in studies of neonatal sepsis. To address this challenge, a core outcome set (COS) for research on neonatal sepsis was needed. Objective The Neonatal Sepsis Core Outcome Set (NESCOS) project aims to develop a COS for research evaluating the effectiveness of neonatal sepsis treatments. Evidence Review For this consensus statement, the research team obtained ethics approval and used a 4-stage process: (1) a systematic review of qualitative studies, (2) a real-time Delphi (RTD) survey to identify important outcomes for consensus meetings, (3) consensus meetings to finalize the COS, and (4) dissemination of the findings. The study was conducted from May 2, 2022, to October 27, 2023. The steering group and project participants consisted of health care workers, researchers, academics, parents, and parent representatives from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. An RTD survey and consensus meetings were conducted, with measures including a 9-point Likert scale rating (where 1 indicated not at all important and 9 indicated critically important) for outcome importance and a minimum 80% agreement threshold among stakeholders for final COS inclusion. The systematic review identified 19 outcomes, which were combined with outcomes from previous systematic reviews of clinical trials. Findings The RTD survey included 306 participants, leading to the identification of 55 outcomes for further discussion in consensus meetings. The finalized COS comprises 9 outcomes: all-cause mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, brain injury on imaging, neurologic status at discharge, escalation of antimicrobial therapy, central nervous system infections, multiorgan dysfunction, neurodevelopmental impairment, and quality of life of parents. Conclusions and Relevance This consensus-based COS for research on neonatal sepsis treatments will help standardize the outcomes measured and reported, enhancing the comparability of research findings. Future efforts should focus on establishing standardized and reliable methods for measuring these outcomes.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest Among Young Competitive Athletes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Camilla Astley, Bradley J. Petek, Randi N. Delong, Kristen L. Kucera, Barbara P. Goettsch, Kimberly G. Harmon, Jonathan A. Drezner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cohort study compares the prevalence of sudden cardiac arrest or death among young athletes in the 3 years before vs the first 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Teleneurorehabilitation and Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms and Quality of Life in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Rajinder K. Dhamija, Alvee Saluja, Divyani Garg, Sonal Chauhan, Ritu Majumdar, Shikha Bhatnagar Bhardwaj, Ravi Preenja, Dimple Kashyap, Mayowa O. Owolabi
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Importance To our knowledge, no randomized clinical trials have compared the efficacy and safety of teleneurorehabilitation (TNR) with in-person rehabilitation in Parkinson disease (PD) during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of TNR among patients with PD during the COVID-19 lockdown. Design, Setting, and Participants The TELEPARK single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted over 11 months from September 2020 to July 2021, with follow-up after 12 weeks. Final data could be analyzed on July 1, 2024. Patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with idiopathic PD with Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 to 2.5, Mini-Mental State Examination score of 24 or higher, and who possessed a smartphone allowing videocalling were eligible for inclusion and randomized to in-person or TNR therapy. Intervention The in-person group received physiotherapy, aerobic, and breathing exercises for 30 minutes in person once a week for 4 weeks and then once every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. The TNR group received in-person sessions on day 1, followed by supervised sessions via videocalling once a week for the first 4 weeks, then once every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was mean change in the Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III (MDS-UPDRS III) postintervention score from baseline. Mean changes in postintervention MDS-UPDRS II and III, Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 Summary Index (PDQ8-SI), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and functional reach test (FRT) scores from baseline between groups was assessed using unpaired t tests. Results A total of 63 participants (28 in-person and 35 TNR) were analyzed. Mean (SD) ages in the in-person and TNR groups were 60.50 (7.08) years and 62.80 (12.46) years, respectively. Twelve of 28 patients in the in-person group (42.9%) and 16 of 35 patients in the TNR group (45.7%) were female. Mean (SD) MDS-UPDRS III scores were significantly lower following TNR (pre-TNR: 35.17 [17.72] vs post-TNR: 28.6 [19.7]; P = .001). Mean (SD) change in postintervention MDS-UPDRS III scores was not significantly different between the 2 groups (TNR: −6.74 [11.07] vs in-person: −7.54 [10.52]; P = .39). Median changes in NMSS and PDQ8-SI scores were similar between the groups. Conclusions and Relevance TNR is safe and effective in improving motor and nonmotor symptoms and quality of life among Indian patients with PD.
An epitope-directed mRNA vaccine inhibits tumor metastasis through the blockade of MICA/B α1/2 shedding
Authors: Rui Wang, Jingni Wu, Yifeng Lin, Yufei Xiao, Bin Yang, Sheng Yao, Tianhui Pan, Zhixuan Fu, Shuyu Li, Caihua Wang, Yongliang Zhu
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Antigenic peptide-based mRNA vaccines have been explored for immunotherapeutic use in various types of cancer because of their advantages in activating durable and specific immune responses. However, their role in modulating tumor metastasis is still unclear. Here, we identify a conserved linear epitope-based peptide, Ma3P, located in the proteolytic region of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-related chain A (MICA) α3 and further design mCM10-L, an mRNA vaccine that encodes the carrier protein CRM197 and 10 tandem repeats of Ma3P. We demonstrate that vaccination with mCM10-L induces the production of specific antibodies that block MICA/B α1/2 shedding, activate CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, and significantly inhibit MICA/B+ tumor metastasis in mice. Furthermore, mCM10-L stimulation triggers the production of specific antibodies to promote MICA/B-mediated immune killing in an in-vitro-interacting human organoid model and humanized mice. Our results indicate the potential clinical application prospects of the mCM10-L vaccine.
The kinase RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during central nervous system viral infection
Authors: Irving Estevez, Benjamin D Buckley, Marissa Lindman, Nicholas Panzera, Tsui-Wen Chou, Micheal McCourt, Brandon J Vaglio, Colm Atkins, Bonnie L Firestein, Brian P Daniels
Journal: Immunity (2025)
Potentiating anti-tumor immunity by re-engaging immune synapse molecules
Authors: Xindi Zhou, Tian Xu, Changhe Li, Yufeng He, Yuanzhi Hu, Hao Gong, Jiahui Li, Haitao Jiang, Liang Wen, Yangxin Fu, Zexian Zeng, Deng Pan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Unveiling familial aggregation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Insights from oral microbiome dysbiosis
Authors: Ying Liao, Xia-Ting Tong, Ting Zhou, Wen-Qiong Xue, Tong-Min Wang, Yong-Qiao He, Mei-Qi Zheng, Yi-Jing Jia, Da-Wei Yang, Yan-Xia Wu, Xiao-Hui Zheng, Zhi-Xiang Zuo, Ming-Yuan Chen, Na Liu, Wei-Hua Jia
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Addressing Both Racism and Ageism in Research—An Opportunity for MOSAAIC
Authors: Lingsheng Li, Anna Chang, Kenneth E. Covinsky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

This Viewpoint assesses an opportunity for epidemiological cohort study the Multi-ethnic Observational Study in American Asian and Pacific Islander Communities (MOSAAIC) to address critical evidence gaps for groups who have been labeled as “other” in research studies.
Acute Alcohol Use and Suicide
Authors: Minkyung Yim, Hayoung Kim, Gyumyoung Kim, Ji-Won Hur
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance While acute alcohol use (AAU) is known to increase the risk of suicide significantly, the underlying mechanisms of this association are still understudied. Objective To examine the association between AAU and the risk factors for suicide, focusing on the association between AAU and choice of suicide methods. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study included data from the Korean National Investigations of Suicide Victims Study (KNIGHTS). The KNIGHTS dataset comprises nationally representative data encompassing nearly all suicide deaths in South Korea from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2020. The study was analyzed from November 2 to 10, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was whether decedents who died by suicide had consumed alcohol before their death. Trained investigators conducted psychological autopsies by reviewing police reports of suicide deaths. Whether the decedent who died by suicide had consumed alcohol before death was determined from 3 sources: (1) confirmation by informants, (2) autopsy reports indicating a positive blood alcohol concentration, and (3) observations from police officers. Demographic characteristics, premortem psychiatric symptoms, and suicide characteristics, including method of suicide and presumed reasons for suicide, were examined. Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the contributing factors and AAU. Results This study included 55 226 decedents who died by suicide (65.5% male), of whom 21 998 (39.8%) were under the influence of alcohol at the time of death. AAU was associated with being male (odds ratio [OR], 1.37 [95% CI, 1.31-1.44]); being middle aged (eg, from age 30 to 39 years: OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06-1.35]); and having alcohol use disorder symptoms (OR, 13.28 [95% CI, 12.38-14.24]). Among suicide methods, gas, drug, and pesticide poisoning showed a positive association with AAU, with gas poisoning showing the highest OR (OR, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.61-2.20]). An interaction was found between age and suicide method, with older adults (eg, aged 80 years or older) having higher odds of AAU when using methods such as drug (OR, 6.28 [95% CI, 3.53-11.17]), pesticide (OR, 6.56 [95% CI, 3.86-11.13]), and gas (OR, 2.48 [95% CI, 1.52-4.04]) poisoning. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that AAU was associated with gas poisoning, as indicated by the ORs. Given that charcoal burning involves substantial preparation time, alcohol may have been deliberately used to facilitate planned suicide attempts. Furthermore, the deaths of older adults who consumed alcohol prior to suicide, even when using less lethal methods, highlight the critical need for monitoring and effectively managing alcohol use within this population.
MARIGOLD and MitoCIAO, two searchable compendia to visualize and functionalize protein complexes during mitochondrial remodeling
Authors: Giovanni Rigoni, Enrique Calvo, Christina Glytsou, Marta Carro-Alvarellos, Masafumi Noguchi, Martina Semenzato, Charlotte Quirin, Federico Caicci, Natascia Meneghetti, Mattia Sturlese, Takaya Ishihara, Stefano Moro, Chiara Rampazzo, Naotada Ishihara, Fabrizio Bezzo, Leonardo Salviati, Jesùs Vazquez, Gabriele Sales, Chiara Romualdi, Jose Antonio Enriquez, Luca Scorrano, Maria Eugenia Soriano
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2025)
Exposure to autoimmune disorders is associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk in a multi-site electronic health record analysis
Authors: Grace D Ramey, Alice Tang, Thanaphong Phongpreecha, Monica M Yang, Sarah R Woldemariam, Tomiko T Oskotsky, Thomas J Montine, Isabel Allen, Zachary A Miller, Nima Aghaeepour, John A Capra, Marina Sirota
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Patient Portals—Balancing Workload and Opportunity
Authors: Ilana B. Richman, Ishani Ganguli, Eve Rittenberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

A Jay Holmgren, PhD, MHI; Nate C. Apathy, PhD; Christine A. Sinsky, MD; Julia Adler-Milstein, PhD; David W. Bates, MD, MSc; Lisa Rotenstein, MD, MBA
Linking Neighborhood Socioenvironmental Factors to Breast Pathogenesis—Implications for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kimberly A. Bertrand, Lauren E. McCullough
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Alexandra R. Harris, PhD, MPH; Jeri D. Hughes, BS; Wayne R. Lawrence, DrPH, MPH; Petra Lenz, MD; Jamirra Franklin, BS; Praphulla M. S. Bhawsar, MS; Tiffany H. Dorsey, BS; Emily L. Rossi, PhD; Catherine M. Pichardo, PhD; Margaret S. Pichardo, MD, PhD; Alexandra J. White, PhD; Cody Ramin, PhD; Máire A. Duggan, MD; Mustapha Abubakar, MD, PhD; Aaron M. Rozeboom, PhD; Jonas S. Almeida, PhD; Gretchen L. Gierach, PhD; Stefan Ambs, PhD, MPH; Brittany D. Jenkins, PhD, MPH
Repeatable selection on large ancestry blocks in an avian hybrid zone
Authors: Stephanie A Blain, Hannah C Justen, Quinn K Langdon, Kira E Delmore
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2025)

Abstract Hybrid zones create natural tests of genetic incompatibilities by combining loci from two species in the same genetic background in the wild, making them useful for identifying loci involved in both intrinsic and ecological (extrinsic) isolation. Two Swainson’s thrush subspecies form a hybrid zone in western North America. These coastal and inland subspecies exhibit dramatic differences in migration routes; their hybrids exhibit poor migratory survival, suggesting that ecological incompatibilities maintain this zone. We used a panel of ancestry informative markers to identify repeated patterns of selection and introgression across four hybrid populations that span the entire length of the Swainson’s thrush hybrid zone. Two repeatable patterns consistent with selection against incompatibilities – steep genomic clines and few transitions between ancestry states – were found in large genetic blocks on chromosomes 1 and 5. The block on chromosome 1 showed evidence for inland subspecies introgression while the block on chromosome 5 exhibited coastal subspecies introgression. Some regions previously associated with migratory phenotypes, including migratory orientation, or exhibiting misexpression between the subspecies exhibited signatures of selection in the hybrid zone. Both selection and introgression across the genome were shaped by genomic structural features and evolutionary history, with stronger selection and reduced introgression in regions of low recombination, high subspecies differentiation, positive selection within the subspecies, and on macrochromosomes. Cumulatively, these results suggest that linkage among loci interacts with divergent selection and past divergent evolution between species to strengthen barriers to gene flow within hybrid zones.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and its impact on survival outcomes in radical multivisceral surgery for advanced ovarian cancer: an AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION exploratory analysis
Authors: Fabian Trillsch, Bastian Czogalla, Sven Mahner, Verena Loidl, Alexander Reuss, Andreas du Bois, Jalid Sehouli, Francesco Raspagliesi, Werner Meier, David Cibula, Alexander Mustea, Ingo B. Runnebaum, Barbara Schmalfeldt, Giovanni Aletti, Rainer Kimmig, Giovanni Scambia, Felix Hilpert, Annette Hasenburg, Uwe Wagner, Philipp Harter
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a significant complication following bowel resection in cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer. Previous studies have highlighted the detrimental effects of anastomotic leakage on patients’ postoperative course. However, there is still a lack of precise identification of the high-risk population and established strategies for preventing its occurrence. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent bowel resection within the surgical phase III trial AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION investigating the impact of systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy in cytoreductive surgery for primary ovarian cancer were included in this analysis. All patients in the AGO-OVAR.OP3/LION trial had undergone complete cytoreduction with no macroscopic residual disease. We analyzed the occurrence of anastomotic leakage regarding surgical procedure (non-lymphadenectomy vs. lymphadenectomy and non-stoma vs. stoma) using the Fisher test. Risk factors for anastomotic leakage and its prognostic impact on survival were analyzed. Results: Overall rate of anastomotic leakage was 7.1%. Notably, the Non-lymphadenectomy subgroup had a lower anastomotic leakage rate of 3.0% compared to the lymphadenectomy subgroup (11.2%, P = 0.005). The use of protective stoma placement resulted in an anastomotic leakage rate of 5.5% regardless of lymphadenectomy compared to the Non-Stoma subgroup (7.5%, P = 0.78). Increased blood loss (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 per 100cc, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0001–1.09) and lymphadenectomy (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.41–11.40) were associated with a higher risk of anastomotic leakage. Although anastomotic leakage demonstrated a numerical detrimental impact on median progression-free survival (PFS) (18 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 19 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, hazard ratio [HR] 0.86; 95% CI 0.5 to 1.4, P = 0.53) and median overall survival (OS) (31 months with anastomotic leakage vs. 58 months with Non-anastomotic leakage, HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.4 to 1.2, P = 0.17), the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage rates were lower in the Non-lymphadenectomy arm, the current standard of care. Blood loss and lymphadenectomy, as surrogate markers for extensive surgery, were associated with increased risk for anastomotic leakage. These findings highlight the importance of strategies to reduce surgical complexity and perioperative risk to improve clinical outcomes.
Critical Update: AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tamar H. Taddei, Daniel B. Brown, Mark Yarchoan, Mishal Mendiratta-Lala, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Taddei, Tamar H.; Brown, Daniel B.; Yarchoan, Mark; Mendiratta-Lala, Mishal; Llovet, Josep M. Author Information
Advancements in elucidating the mechanisms of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Huang, Yangqian Li, Fengmei Zhang, Chenliang Zhang, Zhenyu Ding
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Primary liver cancer is a major global health challenge, of which hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common. For patients with advanced liver cancer, sorafenib is a first-line targeted drug that occupies a dominant position in clinical applications. Sorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor commonly used in clinical practice, which can effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis. However, the emergence of drug resistance has hindered the development of treatment programs, which is an urgent problem to be solved. Recent studies have revealed many mechanisms and influencing factors of sorafenib resistance (such as epigenetic regulation, programmed cell death, metabolic reprogramming and tumor microenvironment changes). This review not only summarizes the above mechanisms, but also summarizes the combined application of sorafenib with other drugs (such as molecular targeted drugs, other anti-angiogenesis drugs, cytotoxic drugs, immunotherapy drugs, etc.). Finally, potential strategies and research directions to overcome drug resistance (such as targeting epigenetic pathways or metabolic reprogramming) are discussed to provide suggestions for future in-depth research and clinical applications.
Risk factors of failure to achieve textbook outcome in patients after pancreatoduodenectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jiajun Yuan, Changjie Du, Hongyu Wu, Tao Zhong, Qilong Zhai, Jialun Peng, Nan Liu, Jinzheng Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) represents one of the most technically demanding surgical procedures, characterized by extensive surgical trauma and high perioperative morbidity. Single outcome measures are insufficient to comprehensively assess the surgical quality of PD. Textbook outcome (TO), as an integrated evaluation system incorporating multiple clinical parameters, offers an objective, reliable, and comprehensive assessment of surgical performance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify risk factors associated with failure to achieve textbook outcome (non-TO) following pancreatoduodenectomy. Materials and methods: We systematically searched international databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu Chinese Journals Service Platform, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed) for studies on risk factors of failure to achieve textbook outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy from inception to 31 December 2024. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity testing, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment were conducted. Results: Ten studies involving 5238 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Among the 18 factors evaluated, five were significantly associated with failure to achieve textbook outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy: preoperative biliary drainage (OR = 2.09, 95%CI [1.30-3.36], P = 0.002), smaller tumor size (OR = 1.36, 95%CI [1.02-1.81], P = 0.04), soft pancreatic texture (OR = 2.25, 95%CI [1.01-5.02], P = 0.05), small pancreatic duct diameter (OR = 2.30, 95%CI [1.62-3.28], P &lt; 0.00001), and increased intraoperative blood loss (OR = 4.14, 95%CI [1.16-14.83], P = 0.03). The remaining 13 factors showed no significant association with failure to achieve textbook outcome. Conclusion: This meta-analysis identified preoperative biliary drainage, tumor morphological characteristics (including size and texture), pancreatic duct diameter, and intraoperative blood loss as key factors affecting the achievement of textbook outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy. These findings may help surgeons identify high-risk patients for failure to achieve textbook outcome, enabling personalized surgical strategies and optimized perioperative management to improve textbook outcome rates.