tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17025: Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase-1 Slows Progression of Fibrocalcific Aortic Valve Disease
Authors: Bin Zhang, Elise A Oehler, Carolyn M Roos, Arman Arghami, Jordan D Miller
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), and is degraded primarily by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1). While ADMA is elevated in patients with fibrocalcific aortic valve stenosis (FCAVD), is it unknown whether tissue levels of DDAH1 are altered in FCAVD, and whether systemic elevations in ADMA levels accelerate initiation and/or progression of FCAVD. In the present study, we measured expression of DDAH1 in normal and stenotic human aortic valves, and tested the hypothesis that increases in ADMA worsen hypertension and endothelial dysfunction and accelerate the initiation and progression of FCAVD in hypercholesterolemic mice. In tissue from humans with FCAVD, expression of DDAH1 was significantly increased compared to normal valve tissue (normal = 1.0 ± 0.1, FCAVD = 1.3 ± 0.1, ⋔⋔Ct method; p &lt; 0.05). To experimentally alter DDAH1 levels, we used low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient, apolipoprotein B100-only (LA) mice that were either wild-type (D +/+ ) or heterozygous (D +/- ) for DDAH1. Blood pressure (tail cuff), aortic endothelial function (isolated organ bath), and aortic valve function (echocardiography), were measured at 3 and 6 month time points in these mice. Compared to LA-D +/+ mice, systolic arterial pressure was significantly increased in LA-D +/- mice at both 3 month (121±4 mmHg and 144±4 mmHg) and 6 months (138±6 mmHg and 148±4 mmHg). Aortic endothelial function progressively declined with prolonged hypercholesterolemia, but maximum relaxation to acetylcholine did not differ between LA-D +/+ and LA-D +/- mice at 3 or 6 months. While aortic valve function was similar between LA-D +/+ and LA-D +/- mice at 3 months (peak transvalvular velocity: 1.98±0.07 m/sec versus 1.94±0.06 m/s, respectively), aortic valve function was significantly worse in LA-D +/- (2.41±0.11 m/sec) compared to LA-D +/+ mice (2.20±0.09 m/sec) at 6 months (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, our data support a working model in which increases in valvular DDAH1 levels protect against progression of FCAVD. Importantly, loss of DDAH1 in mice does not alter aortic valve function during early stages of FCAVD, but accelerates progression of FCAVD independently of changes in endothelial function.
Phase I trial of advanced generation anti-CEA designer T cells in gastrointestinal and breast cancers
Authors: R. P. Junghans, M. Abedi, A. Bais, E. Gomes, Q. Ma, E. Beaudoin, P. Davol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15123 Background: We created “designer T cells” by retroviral gene therapy to express chimeric immunoglobulin-T cell receptors (IgTCR) with specificity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Our previous Phase I trial with 1 st generation (1 st gen) designer T cells was well tolerated with proof-of-principle “biologic responses”, but of limited duration. Lab correlates showed modified T cells repeatedly kill tumor targets over 4–7 days but then undergo activation-induced cell death (AICD). We created 2 nd gen designer T cells that incorporate CD28 co-stimulation into the IgTCR (IgCD28TCR), suppressing AICD and promoting T cell proliferation on tumor contact with superior tumor responses in vivo (Emtage et al. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:8112). A Phase I clinical trial was approved under FDA BB-IND 10791. Methods: Patient T cells are modified ex vivo, expanded and then administered in a Phase Ia dose escalation, spanning doses of 10^9 to 10^11 cells. Patients are monitored for safety, pharmacokinetics and response. Results: To date, three subjects enrolled with doses prepared and two were treated. T cells were transduced with equal modification of CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells and good ex vivo expansions of 30-fold or more. Cells were infused over 15–30 minutes. Blood clearance was rapid. Dosing was without toxicity but also without responses at this lowest T cell dose level. Results will be updated to include new patients at conference time. Conclusions: The safety of 2 nd generation designer T cells is supported in two patients at the lowest T cell dose level. Higher planned doses are 10- to 100-fold more T cells, to be observed for toxicity and where responses may begin to be observed. Funding is from the Office of Orphan Products Development of the FDA. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Controversies on Craniopharyngioma
Authors: P. Conforti, M. Rotondo, C. Parlato
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1991)

The current treatment of cystic or solid craniopharingiomas are discussed. The role of microsurgical removal, external beam irradiation, stereotactic intracavitary irradiation and stereotactic radiosurgery is examinated. The ideal goal of surgical treatment is a radical removal of the lesion, avoiding the endocrinological and visual deficits.
Handbook of Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics, including the Physiological Action of Drugs, the special Therapeutics of Disease, Official and Practical Pharmacy, and Minute Directions for Prescription Writing.
Authors: Samuel Otway Lewis Potter
Journal: JAMA (1893)

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Diets at Four Levels of Nutritive Content and Cost
Authors: Hazel K. Stiebeling, Medora M. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5364: Vitamin B1 Analogue Benfotiamine Supplementation Prevents Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through Activation of eNOS/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Rajesh Katare, Marco Meloni, Andrea Caporali, Costanza Emanueli, Paolo Madeddu
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is increasingly recognized as contributing to mortality and morbidity of diabetic patients. Importantly, initial signs of cardiac dysfunction are detected in 75% of young patients with well controlled diabetes, suggesting the necessity for early prevention. Vitamin B1 is defective in diabetics and supplementation with vitamin B1 analogue Benfotiamine (BFT) has been demonstrated to be protective against experimental diabetic limb microangiopathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Here, we tested whether supplementation of BFT could exhibit its protective effects against DCM. Streptozocin-induced CD1 diabetic (DM) mice were fed with BFT (70mg/kg/day) or vehicle starting from 2wks after glycosuria documentation. Cardiac function was monitored every month using Vevo high resolution echocardiography. 12wks after DM induction, the animals given vehicle started developing the signs of diastolic and systolic dysfunction which was more significant at 20wks of DM. However, BFT (without insulin supplement) markedly suppressed the DM induced left ventricular cavity dilatation (LV end-diastolic volume; 61±4 vs 74±5μl, p&lt;0.001), improved fractional shortening (40±4 vs 26±4%, P&lt;0.001) and ejection fraction (72±5 vs 54±4%, p&lt;0.001) and shifted pressure volume loop leftward compared with the vehicle treated animals. BFT also improved indexes of systolic and diastolic function (dp/dt max 5886±400 vs 4730±356mmHg/s and dp/dt min 3963±282 vs 3145±284mmHg/s, P&lt;0.05 for both comparison). Further, BFT benefited cardiac perfusion (4.5±0.4 vs 3.8±0.1ml/min/gm of tissue, P&lt;0.01, using fluorescent microspheres), which was supported by increased microvasculature (4332±321 vs 3654±263 capillaries/mm 2 ). Moreover, BFT (150μM) reduced the high glucose (30mM) induced apoptosis of cultured adult cardiomyocytes by 21±4% (P&lt;0.05) through activation of the cell survival Akt and eNOS pathway, suggesting its direct effect on cardiomyocytes. Altogether, these results demonstrate that BFT supplementation protects the heart from DM induced cardiac dilatation and dysfunction through activation of prosurvival mechanisms and preservation of myocardial perfusion. Thus, BFT merits attention for potential application in clinical practice.
Immunologically Mediated Pulmonary Diseases
Authors: Joseph P. Lynch, Richard A. DeRemee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Discusses both common (asthma) and uncommon (eosinophilic granuloma, chronic beryllium) diseases. The book covers the pathogenesis of immune-mediated pulmonary disorders, and integrates advances in the basic science arena with a clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of these disorders.
Roentgen Diagnosis and Therapy.
Authors: Arthur Carlisle Christie
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Statistics for diagnostics: What makes a diagnostic test informative
Authors: R. Lakshmi Vishnuvajjala
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Centennial Conference: Translational Cancer Medicine-- July 20-23, 2008; Monterey, CA

FO02-03 

For a diagnostic test to be informative, it needs to identify a greater proportion of patients with the condition as positive compared to the proportion of patients without the condition. This is often stated as sensitivity and specificity adding up to more than 100%. For a random test which arbitrarily identifies a patient as positive or negative, sensitivity and specificity add up to 100%. For a perfect test which identifies every patient with the condition as positive and every patient without the condition as negative, sensitivity and specificity add up to 200%. Similarly, for a random test, predictive value of a positive test and predictive value of a negative test add up to 100% and for a perfect test they add up to 200%. In terms of the area under the ROC curve, a random test will have an area of 0.5 and a perfect test will have an area of 1.0. But a test which narrowly meets these conditions is not necessarily useful and there are few tests which are perfect.    It is also common sometimes to consider a test to be useful when the relative risk is greater than a set level, say 2. When the prevalence is low, as it is for cancer, this can result in very low values for predictive value of a positive test.    We will discuss some of the details.
Axis II comorbidity in substance abusers
Authors: E P Nace, C W Davis, J P Gaspari
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1991)

To assess the complex relationship between substance abuse and personality disorders, the authors determined the prevalence of personality disorders in a group of middle-class substance abusers and compared the subjects who had personality disorders with those who did not.The subjects were drawn from patients consecutively admitted to an inpatient substance abuse program in a private psychiatric hospital; they were the first 100 who agreed to participate. Substance dependence was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R, and the patients were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders, Alcohol Use Inventory, MMPI, Health and Daily Living Form, Shipley Institute of Living Scale, and measures of chemical use and life satisfaction.Of the 100 substance abusers, 57 had personality disorders. These patients differed significantly from the 43 patients without personality disorders in several ways: they had greater involvement with illegal drugs, had different patterns of alcohol use, had greater psychopathology, were less satisfied with their lives, and were more impulsive, isolated, and depressed.Because of the marked differences between the substance abusers with and without personality disorders, a uniform approach to substance abuse treatment may be inadequate.
Fit to Fly: A Medical Handbook for Fliers
Authors: Malcolm C. Grow, Harry G. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P256: Why BMI is not Enough: Prevalence of Metabolically Obese Normal Weight in the CARDIAC Project
Authors: Amy Hunter, Christa Ice, William Neal
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Recent evidence suggest the presence of normal weight adolescents (as defined by BMI percentiles &lt;85th) in the general population who present a clustering of metabolic abnormalities (MetS), commonly observed in the overweight and obese, which predispose them to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. MetS is generally defined as including insulin resistance, high low-density lipoproteins (LDL), low high-density lipoproteins (HDL), high triglycerides (TRIG), high systolic (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The goal of this study was to establish the prevalence of metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) children in a rural Appalachian. Methods: Data included 43,432 5th grade students from the 2002-2011 Coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian Communities (CARDIAC) project. MetS included risk levels for LDL, HDL, TRIG, SBP, and acanthosis nigricans (AN) as a measure of insulin resistance. Results: 22,331 (51.42%) were normal weight. Among those, 23.61% had at least one metabolic abnormality, 5.50% had two, 0.75% had three and 0.03% had four. Figure 1 shows frequencies of MetS and normal weight and overweight/obese participants. The odds of MetS were greater in those who were overweight or obese; however, of the 2,407 participants who had MetS when defined as 3 or more risk factors, 7.19% were of normal weight. Of the 8,336 participants who had MetS when defined as 2 or more risk factors, 16.18% were of normal weight. We also explored gender differences among all students (n = 43,432). After controlling for weight status, being female was a risk factor for MetSyn diagnosis when defined as 2 or more (OR = 1.53) or 3 or more (OR = 1.34) risk factors. Conclusion: This data adds to the emerging literature aimed towards unifying a definition of metabolic syndrome in children and suggest that definitions should include considerations for all weight categories. In addition, because BMI poorly distinguishes between lean and fatty mass, measures of obesity should include a measurement of adiposity, such as waist circumference.
AIR POLLUTION AND HEALTH: NOT A CRISIS, BUT ACTION IS NEEDED
Authors: M Green
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This note discusses the possible adverse health effects of photochemical smog in British cities during hot weather. On hot, still days, the chemicals from vehicle exhausts, together with low concentrations of industrial pollutants, accumulate over cities; sunlight then catalyses further reactions, to form ozone and acidic aerosols. The health effects of this mixture are complex and difficult to evaluate. The general consensus of various groups of experts is that air pollution is an important though not critical health issue in the UK. This supports the view that, even at present concentrations, air pollution has harmful effects on health. More monitoring and more research into the effects of different pollutants are needed. The recent Environment Act has given local authorities additional powers, but no more money, to clean up the environment. As the required improvements to air quality will take time, medical practitioners should advise their patients on how to minimise the effects of pollution on their health, and reassure them that air pollution is not a cause for panic.
Photographischer Atlas der geburtshilflich-gynäkologischen mikroskopischen Diagnostik.
Authors: Ludwig Fraenkel, Erich Fels
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outlines of Inorganic Chemistry.
Authors: Frank Austin Gooch, Claude Frederic Walker
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bevacizumab-induced changes in small arterial dilatation measured in vivo by dynamic retinal vessel analysis.
Authors: G. Folprecht, K. Trautmann, M. Reimann, R. Haase, F. Ziemssen, G. Ehninger, H. Reichmann, T. Ziemssen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

3575 Background: The VEGF antibody bevacizumab has been shown to increase efficacy of palliative treatment in several malignancies. Validated biomarkers are still warranted. Inhibition of VEGF-mediated release of NO by bevacizumab has been shown in vitro. By dynamic retinal vessel analysis, we wanted to address the flicker light-induced arterial vasodilatation (neuro-vascular coupling) depending mainly on the endothelial release of NO. Methods: Patients (pts) not pretreated with anti-VEGF drugs received bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, d1) and chemotherapy (d2). Pts were investigated with dynamic retinal vessel analysis, changes of arterial blood pressure to glyceroltrinitrate, and 24 hour blood pressure before and during the first 24 hours of bevacizumab treatment. Retinal vessel diameters were measured at rest and during flicker light simulation at the same vessel before and after treatment using a Retinal Vessel Analyzer (IMEDOS, Jena, Germany). Changes in flicker-induced vasodilation were calculated as percental changes from baseline (± standard deviation). Results: Twenty pts. (15 male, 5 female pts) with colorectal cancer were enrolled; 17 pts. were evaluable. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed a nonsignificant trend to a higher blood pressure after treatment. The mean arterial diameter before treatment was 126 ± 15 μ m. Bevacizumab significantly reduced the maximal arterial dilatation induced by flicker light stimulation from +4.7% (± 2.9) before exposure to bevacizumab to 2.5% (± 2.6) after bevacizumab, p < 0.001. The changes in venous diameter were 3.2% (± 2.2) and 3.1% (± 1.2) before and after treatment, p = 0.06. In contrast, blood pressure changes after glyceroltrinitrate were not different before and after bevacizumab treatment. Conclusions: Our results show, that immediate effects of bevacizumab on the vascular function (decreased endothelial NO release) can be measured in vivo by dynamic retinal vessel analysis which might serve as a noninvasive method for the evaluation of pharmacodynamic parameters for anti- VEGF drugs and unterstanding of cardiovascular side effects of anti-VEGF therapies. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen, Merck Serono, Pfizer, Roche, sanofi-aventis Merck Serono, Pfizer, sanofi-aventis