tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of financial incentives on viral suppression among adults initiating HIV treatment in Tanzania: a hybrid effectiveness–implementation trial
Authors: Prosper F Njau, Emmanuel Katabaro, Solis Winters, Amon Sabasaba, Kassim Hassan, Babuu Joseph, Hamza Maila, Janeth Msasa, Carolyn A Fahey, Laura Packel, William H Dow, Nicholas P Jewell, Nzovu Ulenga, Natalino Mwenda, Sandra I McCoy
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2024)

BackgroundSmall incentives could improve engagement in HIV care. We evaluated the short-term and longer-term effects of financial incentives for visit attendance on viral suppression among adults initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania.MethodsIn a type 1 hybrid effectiveness–implementation study, we randomised (1:1) 32 primary care HIV clinics in four Tanzanian regions to usual care (control group) or the intervention (usual care plus ≤6 monthly incentives [22 500 Tanzanian Shillings, about US$10, each], conditional on visit attendance). Adults (aged ≥18 years) initiating ART (<30 days) who owned a mobile phone and had no plans to transfer to another facility were eligible. The primary outcome was retention on ART with viral suppression (<1000 copies per mL) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included retention on ART with viral suppression at 6 months and viral suppression at 6 months and 12 months using a lower threshold (<50 copies per mL). Intent-to-treat analysis and a cluster-based permutation test were used to evaluate the effect of financial incentives on outcomes. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04201353, and is completed.FindingsBetween May 28, 2021, and March 8, 2022, 1990 participants (805 male and 1185 female) were enrolled in the study. 1059 participants were assigned to the intervention group and 931 participants were assigned to the control group. Overall, 1536 (88%) participants at 6 months and 1575 (83%) at 12 months were on ART with viral suppression. At 12 months, 6 months after the intervention ended, 866 (85%) participants in the intervention group compared with 709 (81%) in the control group had viral loads less than 1000 copies per mL (adjusted risk difference [aRD] 4·4 percentage points, 95% CI –1·4 to 10·1, permutation test p=0·35). At 6 months, 858 participants (90%) in the intervention group were on ART with viral loads less than 1000 copies per mL compared with 678 (86%) in the control group (aRD 5·1 percentage points, 95% CI 1·1 to 9·1, permutation test p=0·06). Effects were larger at 6 months and 12 months with the lower threshold for viral suppression, and there was significant effect heterogeneity by region. Adverse events included 106 deaths (56 in the control group and 50 in the intervention group), none related to study participation.InterpretationShort-term incentives for visit attendance had modest, short term benefits on viral suppression and did not harm retention or viral suppression after discontinuation. These findings suggest the need to understand subgroups who would most benefit from incentives to support HIV care.FundingNational Institute of Mental Health.TranslationFor the Swahili translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
NCI workshop on ctDNA in cancer treatment and clinical care
Authors: Brian S Sorg, Jung S Byun, V Anne Westbrook, James V Tricoli, James H Doroshow, Lyndsay N Harris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

Detection of cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from solid tumors is a fast-evolving field with significant potential for improving patient treatment outcomes. The spectrum of applications for ctDNA assays is broad and includes very diverse intended uses that will require different strategies to demonstrate utility. On September 14-15, 2023, the National Cancer Institute held an in-person workshop in Rockville, MD titled "ctDNA in Cancer Treatment and Clinical Care." The goal of the workshop was to examine what is currently known and what needs to be determined for various ctDNA liquid biopsy use cases related to treatment and management of patients with solid tumors and to explore how the community can best assess the value of ctDNA assays and technology. Additionally, new approaches were presented that may show promise in the future. The information exchanged in this workshop will provide the community with a better understanding of this field and its potential to affect and benefit decision-making in the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
Personalized composite scaffolds for accelerated cell- and growth factor-free craniofacial bone regeneration
Authors: Mirae Kim, Xinlong Wang, Yiming Li, Zitong Lin, Caralyn P. Collins, Yugang Liu, Yujin Ahn, Hsiu-Ming Tsal, Joseph W. Song, Chongwen Duan, Yi Zhu, Cheng Sun, Tong-Chuan He, Yuan Luo, Russell R. Reid, Guillermo A. Ameer
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Approaches to regenerating bone often rely on integrating biomaterials and biological signals in the form of cells or cytokines. However, from a translational point of view, these approaches are challenging due to the sourcing and quality of the biologic, unpredictable immune responses, complex regulatory paths, and high costs. We describe a simple manufacturing process and a material-centric 3D-printed composite scaffold system (CSS) that offers distinct advantages for clinical translation. The CSS comprises a 3D-printed porous polydiolcitrate-hydroxyapatite composite elastomer infused with a polydiolcitrate-graphene oxide hydrogel composite. Using a micro-continuous liquid interface production 3D printer, we fabricate a precise porous ceramic scaffold with 60 wt% hydroxyapatite resembling natural bone. The resulting scaffold integrates with a thermoresponsive hydrogel composite
Cover Image
Authors: Rui Xue, Wai Han Yiu, Kam Wa Chan, Sarah W.Y. Lok, Yixin Zou, Jingyuan Ma, Hongyu Li, Loretta Y.Y. Chan, Xiao Ru Huang, Kar Neng Lai, Hui Yao Lan, Sydney C.W. Tang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Colocalization (yellow/orange) of long non-coding RNA Neat1 expression (red) by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Rack1 protein (green) by immunofluorescence staining in the mouse kidney during AKI induced by lipopolysaccharide, cecal ligation and perforation, or ischemia-reperfusion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were performed on the same paraffin section to reveal mRNA and protein expression simultaneously. Cell nuclei were stained by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). A panel from Supplemental Figure 8 from "Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1, NOD-Like Receptor Family Protein 3 Inflammasome, and Acute Kidney Injury" by Rui Xue, Wai Han Yiu, Kam Wa Chan, Sarah W.Y. Lok, Yixin Zou, Jingyuan Ma, Hongyu Li, Loretta Y.Y. Chan, Xiao Ru Huang, Kar Neng Lai, Hui Yao Lan, and Sydney C.W. Tang. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2024;35(8):998–1015. doi:10.1681/ASN.0000000000000362.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nurse-Led Brief Behavioral Intervention for Dyspnea in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Joseph A. Greer, Kathryn E. Post, Reena Chabria, Seetha Aribindi, Natalie Brennan, Ijeoma Julie Eche-Ugwu, Barbara Halpenny, Erica Fox, Stephen Lo, Lauren P. Waldman, Kedie Pintro, Dustin J. Rabideau, William F. Pirl, Mary E. Cooley, Jennifer S. Temel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE In patients with lung cancer, dyspnea is one of the most prevalent and disabling symptoms, for which effective treatments are lacking. We examined the efficacy of a nurse-led brief behavioral intervention to improve dyspnea in patients with advanced lung cancer. METHODS Patients with advanced lung cancer reporting at least moderate breathlessness (n = 247) were enrolled in a randomized trial of a nurse-led two-session intervention (focused on breathing techniques, postural positions, and fan therapy) versus usual care. At baseline and weeks 8 (primary end point), 16, and 24, participants completed measures of dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale [mMRCDS]; Cancer Dyspnoea Scale [CDS]), quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung [FACT-L]), psychological symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and activity level (Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire). To examine intervention effects, we conducted analysis of covariance and longitudinal mixed effects models. RESULTS The sample (Age mean = 66.15 years; 55.9% female) primarily included patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (85.4%). Compared with usual care, the intervention improved the primary outcome of patient-reported dyspnea on the mMRCDS (difference = –0.33 [95% CI, –0.61 to –0.05]) but not the CDS total score at 8 weeks. Intervention patients also reported less dyspnea on the CDS sense of discomfort subscale (difference = –0.59 [95% CI, –1.16 to –0.01]) and better functional well-being per the FACT-L (difference = 1.39 [95% CI, 0.18 to 2.59]) versus the control group. Study groups did not differ in overall quality of life, psychological symptoms, or activity level at 8 weeks or longitudinally over 24 weeks. CONCLUSION For patients with advanced lung cancer, a scalable behavioral intervention alleviated the intractable symptom of dyspnea. Further research is needed on ways to enhance intervention effects over the long-term and across additional outcomes.
Devimistat (CPI-613) With Modified Fluorouarcil, Oxaliplatin, Irinotecan, and Leucovorin (FFX) Versus FFX for Patients With Metastatic Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas: The Phase III AVENGER 500 Study
Authors: Philip A. Philip, Vaibhav Sahai, Nathan Bahary, Amit Mahipal, Anup Kasi, Caio Max S. Rocha Lima, Angela T. Alistar, Paul E. Oberstein, Talia Golan, Jean-Philippe Metges, Jill Lacy, Christos Fountzilas, Charles D. Lopez, Michel Ducreux, Pascal Hammel, Mohamed Salem, David Bajor, Al B. Benson, Sanjeev Luther, Timothy Pardee, Eric Van Cutsem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

PURPOSE Metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPC) remains a difficult-to-treat disease. Fluorouarcil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and leucovorin (FFX) is a standard first-line therapy for mPC for patients with a favorable performance status and good organ function. In a phase I study, devimistat (CPI-613) in combination with modified FFX (mFFX) was deemed safe and exhibited promising efficacy in mPC. METHODS The AVENGER 500 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03504423 ) is a global, randomized phase III trial conducted at 74 sites across six countries to investigate the efficacy and safety of devimistat in combination with mFFX (experimental arm) compared with standard-dose FFX (control arm) in treatment-naïve patients with mPC. Treatment, administered in once-every-2-weeks cycles until disease progression or intolerable toxicity, included intravenous devimistat at 500 mg/m 2 total per day on days 1 and 3 in the experimental arm. The primary end point of the study was overall survival (OS). RESULTS Five hundred and twenty-eight patients were randomly assigned (266 in the experimental arm and 262 in the control arm). The median OS was 11.10 months for devimistat plus mFFX versus 11.73 months for FFX (hazard ratio [HR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.77 to 1.18]; P = .655) and median progression-free survival was 7.8 months versus 8.0 months, respectively (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.76 to 1.29]; P = .94). Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events with &gt;10% frequency in the devimistat plus mFFX arm versus the FFX arm were neutropenia (29.0% v 34.5%), diarrhea (11.2% v 19.6%), hypokalemia (13.1% v 14.9%), anemia (13.9% v 13.6%), thrombocytopenia (11.6% v 13.6%), and fatigue (10.8% v 11.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION Devimistat in combination with mFFX did not improve long- and short-term mPC patient outcomes compared with standard FFX. There were no new toxicity signals with the addition of devimistat.
Association of Dose of Inhaled Corticosteroids and Frequency of Adverse Events
Authors: Chloë I Bloom, Freda Yang, Richard Hubbard, Azeem Majeed, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the cornerstone of asthma treatment and significantly improve morbidity and mortality. Adverse effects of oral corticosteroids are well documented, but less is known about ICS.
Inhibition of RHOA activity preserves the survival and hemostasis function of long-term cold stored platelets
Authors: Shailaja Hegde, Huzoor Akbar, Ashley M. Wellendorf, Shawnagay Nestheide, James F. Johnson, Xueheng Zhao, Kenneth D. Setchell, Yi Zheng, Jose A. Cancelas
Journal: Blood (2024)
What It Takes To Be a Platelet: Evolving Concepts in Platelet Production
Authors: Estelle Carminita, Isabelle C. Becker, Joseph E. Italiano
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)

Platelets are among the most abundant cells within the circulation. Given that the platelet lifespan is 7 to 10 days in humans, a constant production of around 100 billion platelets per day is required. Platelet production from precursor cells called megakaryocytes is one of the most enigmatic processes in human biology. Although it has been studied for over a century, there is still controversy about the exact mechanisms leading to platelet release into circulation. The formation of proplatelet extensions from megakaryocytes into bone marrow sinusoids is the best-described mechanism explaining the origin of blood platelets. However, using powerful imaging techniques, several emerging studies have recently raised challenging questions in the field, suggesting that small platelet-sized structures called buds might also contribute to the circulating platelet pool. How and whether these structures differ from microvesicles or membrane blebs, which have previously been described to be released from megakaryocytes, is still a matter of discussion. In this review, we will summarize what the past and present have revealed about platelet production and whether mature blood platelets might emerge via different mechanisms.
Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of lewy body and Parkinson’s disease in a multi-site cohort
Authors: Thanaphong Phongpreecha, Kavita Mathi, Brenna Cholerton, Eddie J. Fox, Natalia Sigal, Camilo Espinosa, Momsen Reincke, Philip Chung, Ling-Jen Hwang, Chandresh R. Gajera, Eloise Berson, Amalia Perna, Feng Xie, Chi-Hung Shu, Debapriya Hazra, Divya Channappa, Jeffrey E. Dunn, Lucas B. Kipp, Kathleen L. Poston, Kathleen S. Montine, Holden T. Maecker, Nima Aghaeepour, Thomas J. Montine
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2024)

Multiple lines of evidence support peripheral organs in the initiation or progression of Lewy body disease (LBD), a spectrum of neurodegenerative diagnoses that include Parkinson's Disease (PD) without or with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). However, the potential contribution of the peripheral immune response to LBD remains unclear. This study aims to characterize peripheral immune responses unique to participants with LBD at single-cell resolution to highlight potential biomarkers and increase mechanistic understanding of LBD pathogenesis in humans.
Dynamics of the gut microbiome in FAP patients undergoing intensive endoscopic reduction of polyp burden
Authors: Sayaka Mizutani, Ayako Tamaki, Satoshi Shiba, Felix Salim, Masayoshi Yamada, Hiroyuki Takamaru, Takeshi Nakajima, Naohisa Yoshida, Shoko Ikuta, Tatsuo Yachida, Tatsuhiro Shibata, Tomoyoshi Soga, Yutaka Saito, Shinji Fukuda, Hideki Ishikawa, Takuji Yamada, Shinichi Yachida
Journal: Gut (2024)
Long-term liver-related outcomes and liver stiffness progression of statin usage in steatotic liver disease
Authors: Xiao-Dong Zhou, Seung Up Kim, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Salvatore Petta, Atsushi Nakajima, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Jérôme Boursier, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Hannes Hagström, Wah Kheong Chan, Manuel Romero-Gomez, José Luis Calleja, Victor de Lédinghen, Laurent Castéra, Arun J Sanyal, George Boon-Bee Goh, Philip N Newsome, Jiangao Fan, Michelle Lai, Céline Fournier-Poizat, Hye Won Lee, Grace Lai-Hung Wong, Angelo Armandi, Ying Shang, Grazia Pennisi, Elba Llop, Masato Yoneda, Marc de Saint-Loup, Clemence M Canivet, Carmen Lara-Romero, Rocio Gallego-Duràn, Amon Asgharpour, Kevin Kim-Jun Teh, Sara Mahgoub, Mandy Sau-Wai Chan, Huapeng Lin, Wen-Yue Liu, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D Byrne, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Ming-Hua Zheng
Journal: Gut (2024)

Background Statins have multiple benefits in patients with metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Aim To explore the effects of statins on the long-term risk of all-cause mortality, liver-related clinical events (LREs) and liver stiffness progression in patients with MASLD. Methods This cohort study collected data on patients with MASLD undergoing at least two vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations at 16 tertiary referral centres. Cox regression analysis was performed to examine the association between statin usage and long-term risk of all-cause mortality and LREs stratified by compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD): baseline liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of ≥10 kPa. Liver stiffness progression was defined as an LSM increase of ≥20% for cACLD and from &lt;10 kPa to ≥10 or LSM for non-cACLD. Liver stiffness regression was defined as LSM reduction from ≥10 kPa to &lt;10 or LSM decrease of ≥20% for cACLD. Results We followed up 7988 patients with baseline LSM 5.9 kPa (IQR 4.6–8.2) for a median of 4.6 years. At baseline, 40.5% of patients used statins, and cACLD was present in 17%. Statin usage was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR=0.233; 95% CI 0.127 to 0.426) and LREs (adjusted HR=0.380; 95% CI 0.268 to 0.539). Statin usage was also associated with lower liver stiffness progression rates in cACLD (HR=0.542; 95% CI 0.389 to 0.755) and non-cACLD (adjusted HR=0.450; 95% CI 0.342 to 0.592), but not with liver stiffness regression (adjusted HR=0.914; 95% CI 0.778 to 1.074). Conclusions Statin usage was associated with a relatively lower long-term risk of all-cause mortality, LREs and liver stiffness progression in patients with MASLD.
Aspirin Use and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer According to Lifestyle Risk
Authors: Daniel R. Sikavi, Kai Wang, Wenjie Ma, David A. Drew, Shuji Ogino, Edward L. Giovannucci, Yin Cao, Mingyang Song, Long H. Nguyen, Andrew T. Chan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance Aspirin reduces the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying individuals more likely to benefit from regular aspirin use for CRC prevention is a high priority. Objective To assess whether aspirin use is associated with the risk of CRC across different lifestyle risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants A prospective cohort study among women in the Nurses’ Health Study (1980-2018) and men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2018) was conducted. Data analysis was performed from October 1, 2021, to May 22, 2023. Exposures A healthy lifestyle score was calculated based on body mass index, alcohol intake, physical activity, diet, and smoking with scores ranging from 0 to 5 (higher values corresponding to a healthier lifestyle). Regular aspirin use was defined as 2 or more standard tablets (325 mg) per week. Main Outcome and Measures Outcomes included multivariable-adjusted 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC, absolute risk reduction (ARR), and number needed to treat associated with regular aspirin use by lifestyle score and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for incident CRC across lifestyle scores. Results The mean (SD) baseline age of the 107 655 study participants (63 957 women from the Nurses’ Health Study and 43 698 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study) was 49.4 (9.0) years. During 3 038 215 person-years of follow-up, 2544 incident cases of CRC were documented. The 10-year cumulative CRC incidence was 1.98% (95% CI, 1.44%-2.51%) among participants who regularly used aspirin compared with 2.95% (95% CI, 2.31%-3.58%) among those who did not use aspirin, corresponding to an ARR of 0.97%. The ARR associated with aspirin use was greatest among those with the unhealthiest lifestyle scores and progressively decreased with healthier lifestyle scores ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001 for additive interaction). The 10-year ARR for lifestyle scores 0 to 1 (unhealthiest) was 1.28%. In contrast, the 10-year ARR for lifestyle scores 4 to 5 (healthiest) was 0.11%. The 10-year number needed to treat with aspirin was 78 for participants with lifestyle scores 0 to 1, 164 for score 2, 154 for score 3, and 909 for scores 4 to 5. Among the components of the healthy lifestyle score, the greatest differences in ARR associated with aspirin use were observed for body mass index and smoking. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, aspirin use was associated with a greater absolute reduction in risk of CRC among individuals with less healthy lifestyles. The findings of the study suggest that lifestyle risk factors may be useful to identify individuals who may have a more favorable risk-benefit profile for cancer prevention with aspirin.
Recurrence of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer With Visceral Pleural Invasion
Authors: Nasser Altorki, Xiaofei Wang, Bryce Damman, David R. Jones, Dennis Wigle, Jeffrey Port, Massimo Conti, Ahmad S. Ashrafi, Moishe Liberman, Rodney Landreneau, Kazuhiro Yasufuku, Stephen Yang, John D. Mitchell, Robert Keenan, Thomas Bauer, Daniel Miller, David Kozono, Jennifer Mentlick, Everett Vokes, Thomas E. Stinchcombe
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

The randomized clinical trial Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 140503 showed that for patients with clinically staged T1N0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; ≤2 cm), sublobar resections were associated with similar oncological outcomes to those after lobar resection. The association of the extent of parenchymal resection with recurrence and survival in patients with tumors pathologically upstaged to T2 based on visceral pleural invasion (VPI) is controversial.
Graded Organ Response and Progression Criteria for Kidney Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Eli Muchtar, Brendan Wisniowski, Susan Geyer, Giovanni Palladini, Paolo Milani, Giampaolo Merlini, Stefan Schönland, Kaya Veelken, Ute Hegenbart, Nelson Leung, Angela Dispenzieri, Shaji K. Kumar, Efstathios Kastritis, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Michaela Liedtke, Patricia Ulloa, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Raphael Szalat, Katharine Dooley, Heather Landau, Erica Petrlik, Suzanne Lentzsch, Alexander Coltoff, Joan Bladé, M. Teresa Cibeira, Oliver Cohen, Darren Foard, Jullian Gillmore, Helen Lachmann, Ashutosh Wechalekar, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Kidney light chain (AL) amyloidosis is associated with a risk of progression to kidney replacement therapy (KRT) and death. Several studies have shown that a greater reduction in proteinuria following successful anticlonal therapy is associated with improved outcomes.
Sublobar Resection vs Lobectomy for High-Risk Stage I Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Jay M. Lee
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal