tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P484: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cardiometabolic Effects of Trans Fatty Acids From Dairy Foods
Authors: Moises Torres-Gonzalez, Constance Boyer, Fanny Tenenhaus-Aziza, Ian Givens, Cindy Schweitzer
Journal: Circulation (2024)

As global initiatives to eliminate industrially-produced trans fatty acids (TFA) are implemented, dairy/ruminant-derived foods will become the major dietary TFA source. Such changes warrant better understanding of health effects from ruminant food-TFA consumption. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess cardiometabolic impacts of TFA from dairy foods, by evaluating findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies (PCs). Separate searches for RCTs and PCs were conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases using PRISMA guidelines. RCTs with at least a three-week intervention among adults compared the impact on blood lipids of regular dairy foods with TFA-enhanced dairy fat/foods produced by altering the cow’s diet. Selected PCs with at least four years of observation analyzed relationships between blood levels of specific TFA, such as vaccenic acid or trans palmitoleic acid (TPA) and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) or type 2 diabetes among adults. A pooled meta-analysis of RCTs using the random effects model was performed for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG, ApoA1, ApoB as continuous variables with a statistical significance of p &lt; 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI). For PCs, risk estimates and 95% CI using maximally adjusted models for contrasting exposures of circulating TFA levels were tabulated. Among 13 experimental groups from ten RCTs, there were no statistically significant differences in mean difference (MD) and 95% CI for any lipid biomarkers except a slight decrease in HDL-C (MD: -0.05mmol/L; CI: -0.10, 0.00 mmol/L) for TFA-enriched vs regular dairy foods. Among PCs, four found no association of circulating TPA with risk of CVD mortality or incidence and one found no association of circulating vaccenic acid with risk of CVD mortality. Additionally, three of five PCs found no significant association while two found a significant inverse association of TPA and type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate that consumption of TFA (0.8 - 12.2 g/d) from different types of dairy foods does not confer adverse effects on cardiometabolic health.
Abstract MP48: Consumption of Low-Calorie Sweeteners Among Infants, Toddlers, and Preschoolers in the United States, NHANES 2013-2018
Authors: Xinyu Zhu, Allison C Sylvetsky, Jean A Welsh
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Research has highlighted the rising consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) and their possible negative health implications. While the American Academy of Pediatrics advises against beverages with LCSs for children under 5y, little is known about current consumption patterns among infants and young children in the United States. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence, frequency, and top sources of LCS intake among U.S. infants and young children and to investigate associations between LCS consumption and energy and macronutrient intake. Methods: We used one 24-h dietary recall from 3117 children aged 0-5y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-18 to describe the prevalence and their frequency of consuming foods and beverages containing LCSs. We also compared total energy and macronutrient intake as a proportion of total energy intake (TEI) between LCS consumers and non-consumers. Complex survey procedures and sample weights were applied for all analyses. F-tests were used to compare consumption estimates across sociodemographic subgroups. Results: Thirty percent of all U.S. children aged 0-5y consumed foods and/or beverages with LCSs, including 17.5% of infants (0-1y), 34.3% of toddlers (2 and 3y), and 34.5% of preschoolers (4 and 5y). Prevalence of LCS consumption tended to be highest among non-Hispanic Blacks children and those from households with higher educational attainment or a higher family income. Among consumers, mean frequency of any LCS product, LCS beverages (LCSBs) only, and LCS foods (LCSFs) only was 1.4, 1.4, and 1.1 times/day, respectively, and did not differ by age. The most consumed of all LCSBs were fruit drinks (71.9%) and the most consumed of all LCSFs was yogurt (not-Greek) (59.5%). Compared to non-consumers, LCS consumers had higher intake of total energy, 1516 vs. 1316 kcal/day (p&lt;.0001), carbohydrates, 54.0% vs 52.4% TEI (p=.0005), and added sugar, 3.3% vs. 2.1% TEI (p&lt;.0001) but significantly lower intake of total fat and saturated fat, 33.1% vs 34.9% TEI (p&lt;.0001) and 12.0% vs 13.1% TEI (p&lt;.0001), respectively. Conclusions: LCS consumption is prevalent among infants and young children in the U.S. and fruit drinks and yogurt are the main sources. These results highlight the need for further research to understand long-term implications of this consumption. Funding sources: None.
Abstract P332: Metabolically Healthy Obesity is Associated With Higher Levels of Executive Function in Middle-Aged Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Samantha O'Connell, Soo Kang, Camilo Fernandez Alonso, Ileana De Anda-Duran, Shirine Moukaled, Wei Chen, Emily Harville, Lydia A Bazzano, Katherine T Mills
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Obesity in midlife is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. It remains unclear if there is a difference in cognitive function between individuals with obesity and metabolic dysfunction (metabolically abnormal obesity - MAO) versus those with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We assessed the relationship between MHO (vs MAO) and cognitive function in mid-life among Black and White individuals in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Methods: The Bogalusa Heart Study is a longitudinal cohort exploring the natural history of cardiovascular disease among Black and White individuals in Bogalusa, Louisiana. This cross-sectional analysis included 659 participants with obesity, defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . Metabolic abnormality was defined as the presence of one or more of the following: systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mm Hg, taking blood pressure lowering medication, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL-C &lt; 40 mg/dL (men) or &lt; 50 mg/dL (women), taking lipid-lowering medication, fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL, or taking diabetes medication. Healthy metabolic status was defined as the absence of blood pressure, lipid, and glycemic abnormalities. Cognitive function was measured using a total of 9 neuropsychological tests assessing attention/information processing speed, executive function, and episodic memory. Linear regression models were used to determine the association between MHO and a demographically standardized global cognitive score and individual domain-based z-scores adjusting for smoking status and education. Results: Participants had a mean age of 47.8 ± 5.3 years, 42.7% self-identified as Black, and 64.1% were female. The prevalence of MHO was 9.9%. MHO was associated with higher levels of executive function compared with MAO (β=0.46; SE=0.19; p=0.0145). No significant differences were observed between MHO and MAO participants on global cognitive score, processing speed, or episodic memory. Conclusions: Our study found that MHO is associated with better levels of executive function in midlife. While additional studies are needed, these findings suggest that interventions that reduce metabolic abnormalities related to blood pressure, lipids, and glucose may reduce obesity-related decreases in executive function among middle-aged individuals with obesity.
Abstract P364: A County Community Health Fair Served as a Strategy to Encourage Participation in Research Study
Authors: Felicia V Caples, Tina D Ferrell, Kisa K Harris, Dantwan S Smith, Eric D Lucas, Kenyatta A Poe, Vasan S Ramachandran, Frances C Henderson, Ervin R Fox
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: The voice of the community is powerful in suggesting strategies for engaging in research. Members of Oktibbeha and Panola County, Mississippi Advisory Boards affiliated with the Risks Underlying Rural Areas Longitudinal (RURAL) Study suggested that a health fair would spread the word throughout their communities about participating in the Study. The objective is to tell the story of how a County-wide community health fair can encourage those who attend to consider participating or not participating in the RURAL Study. The RURAL Study is an observational, population-based study focusing on heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders in 10 rural counties in four southern states: Alabama, Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi. Methods: To engage the communities with the RURAL Study, Health Fairs were implemented in Panola and Oktibbeha Counties in Mississippi. Following the Health Fairs, Investigators conducted focus group interviews with four groups of attendees in each County to explore the success of the Health Fair and the attendees’ willingness to participate or not participate in the RURAL Study. Focus group interviewees were RURAL Study Community Advisory Board (CAB) members, local community engagement consultants, men, and participants at-large. Investigators conducted focus group interviews following the June 11, 2022, Oktibbeha County Community Health Fair and following the Panola County Community Health Fair held on April 29, 2023. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-two individuals were interviewed representing Oktibbeha (17) and Panola (15) counties. Two main themes arose from the focus group interviews: giving and gathering information/getting the word out and enlightened awareness of requirements for and benefits of participation. Giving and gathering information/getting the word out included dissemination of information through promotional material, word of mouth, social media, flyers to churches, and presentations by the RURAL Study Principal Investigator. Attendees could gather information and be assisted in signing up to be a participant. Enlightened awareness of the requirements for and the benefits of participation included the realization that participation in the RURAL Study provides free screening, allows participants to keep up with their health, helps the individual participant and his/her kids, and benefits the community. Health Fair attendees who didn’t know that they could participate learned that they could. Conclusions: Providing detailed information through many channels and engaging the community can help to promote interest in a research study. A County Community Health Fair served as a community engagement strategy to encourage attendees to consider participating in the RURAL Study.
Abstract MP59: Associations of Plasma Inosine With Lipid Profiles in the Bogalusa Heart Study
Authors: Yixi Sun, Ruiyuan Zhang, Ling Tian, Yang Pan, Xiao Sun, Zhijie Huang, Jia Fan, Jing Chen, Kai Zhang, Shengxu Li, Wei Chen, Lydia A Bazzano, Tanika N Kelly, Jiang He, Joshua D Bundy, Changwei Li
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Inosine, a naturally occurring purine nucleotide, has been used as a dietary supplement to enhance overall health. An emerging study in a rat model has indicated that inosine holds promise as a potential treatment for atherosclerosis by reducing cholesterol-driven inflammation and improving vascular function, providing a foundational concept for further investigation in humans. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that inosine can improve lipid profiles among humans. Methods: We profiled inosine and 886 known metabolites using plasma samples from 1,261 participants of the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) 2013-2016 survey. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between inosine and four lipid phenotypes, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, while controlling for age, sex, race, education, smoking, drinking, BMI, lipid medication, and total physical activity. Statistically significant findings in the BHS were validated in the Protein and Blood Pressure (ProBP) study, where 80 adults with available stored samples underwent 8-week dietary supplementation of carbohydrate, milk protein, and soy protein in a random order with 2-week washouts. Inosine and lipids were measured at baseline and post-intervention. We tested associations of longitudinal changes of inosine with changes in lipids profile. We also performed formal mediation analyses in the BHS to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways that might mediate inosine’s association with lipids. Results: In the BHS, inosine was significantly associated with HDL cholesterol (β=1.85, 95% CI: 0.72- 2.98) but not with LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, or TC. In the ProBP trial, inosine change was positively associated with HDL cholesterol change during the soy protein intervention (β=2.13, 95% CI: 0.59-3.66). Our mediation analysis identified 74 metabolites that nominally mediated (p&lt;0.05) the inosine-HDL association. After Bonferroni correction for 228 independent metabolite clusters, three metabolites, including PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)), arachidonic acid, and LysoPC(18:2/0:0) were significant mediators (p&lt;0.05/228). The 74 nominally significant metabolites were enriched in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway (False Discovery Rate= 0.00312). Conclusion: Inosine appears to enhance HDL cholesterol, possibly through the sphingolipid metabolic pathway.
Abstract P540: Sleep Duration, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep, and Subclinical Myocardial Damage
Authors: Henry Zhao, Natalie Daya, Michael Fang, Brendan P Lucey, Susan Redline, Naresh Punjabi, Christie M Ballantyne, Amil M Shah, Adam Spira, Pamela L Lutsey, Elizabeth Selvin
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Sleep is strongly linked to clinical cardiovascular disease and was added in 2022 to the AHA’s Life’s Essential 8. Optimizing sleep duration and quality may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Few studies have examined self-reported sleep duration and percent time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep measured by single night in-home polysomnography with high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-troponin T), a biomarker of subclinical cardiovascular disease. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults without a history of cardiovascular disease who participated in both the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) in 1995-1998. We used linear regression with sleep duration and percentage time of REM sleep modeled as predictors with restricted cubic splines and examined associations with the outcome, hs-troponin T. We adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, alcohol intake, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, hypertension medication use, diabetes, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and cholesterol-lowering medication use. Results: Among 1,587 participants (mean age 63, 54% female), the mean sleep duration was 7.3 hours, and mean % REM time was 20.7. Sleep duration was not associated with hs-troponin T ( Figure, Panel A ). However, percentage REM sleep was negatively associated with hs-troponin T, but with a threshold effect; there was a negative linear association of hs-troponin T with % REM sleep but only at values &lt;15% ( Figure, Panel B ). Conclusion: While self-reported sleep duration was not associated with TnT levels, there was evidence that low % REM sleep, a specific neurophysiological sleep state, was associated with subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that multiple sleep dimensions should be considered in efforts to optimize cardiovascular health.
Abstract P521: Sleep Timing and Duration in Relation to DNA Methylation in Adolescents: An Epigenome-Wide Analysis
Authors: Jennifer Lee, Jaclyn Goodrich, Dana Dolinoy, Helen Burgess, Ronald Chervin, Karen Peterson, Louise O'Brien, Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo, ALEJANDRA CANTORAL, Libni Olascoaga-Torres, Peter Song, Erica Jansen
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that both sleep duration and sleep timing can impact metabolic health of adolescents, potentially through epigenetic modification. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and timing and DNA methylation, one type of epigenetic modification that may be responsive to changes in sleep. Methods: Cross-sectional epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation was conducted to identify sleep-related CpG sites in 269 females and 233 males (14.4±2.1 years on average) participating in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to ENvironmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort study. Sleep duration and midpoint on weekdays and weekends were assessed using7-day wrist actigraphy (Actigraph GTX-BT), and DNA methylation in blood leukocytes was measured using the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. Linear regression was conducted to assess the relationship between sleep variables and DNA methylation at each locus on the array (using beta values), adjusting for sex, age, maternal education, batch effects, monocytes, natural killer cells, B lymphocyte, granulocyte, and naïve CD8 T cells. A false discovery rate (FDR) using the Benjamini-Hochberg method was applied to correct for multiple testing. Sex-stratified associations were also examined. Results: The average sleep duration was 8.5±1.3 hours on weekdays and 9.1±1.3 hours on weekends, and the average sleep midpoint was 3:48AM±1.4 hours on weekdays and 4.48AM±1.3 hours on weekends. At false discovery rate &lt;0.05, there were no significant associations at any of the 762,657 CpG sites. However, at a false discovery rate of &lt;0.2, there were positive associations between weekday sleep duration and 4 CpG sites (i.e., longer sleep duration associated with higher % DNA methylation), including a site in or near CpG islands annotated to the gene DENND2C. Sex-stratified analyses revealed associations were more evident in males. Conclusion: Epigenome-wide analysis identified possible associations between sleep duration and multiple CpG sites, and in a sex-specific manner. Findings suggest that sleep duration may impact the epigenome in a distinct manner from sleep timing.
Abstract P537: Plasma Proteins Partially Explain the Independent Associations of Obesity With Ventricular Hypertrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction in Older Adults Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bige Ozkan, Justin B Echouffo-Tcheugui, Kari E North, Kuni Matsushita, Christie M Ballantyne, Bing Yu, Elizabeth Selvin, Josef Coresh, Amil M Shah, Chiadi E Ndumele
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: Obesity is associated with excess heart failure (HF) risk that is not explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Prior proteomic analyses of middle-aged adults with obesity have identified a set of proteins that may significantly mediate the risk of obesity-associated HF. The mediating effect of these proteins on subclinical cardiac dysfunction in obesity is unclear. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of ARIC Visit 5 (2011-13) participants free of HF and coronary heart disease. We measured 4 plasma proteins positively associated with obesity and HF (ANGPT2, COL28A1, GABARAP, GABARAPL1) and 5 proteins negatively associated with obesity and HF (ART3, EGFR, EPHA4, OMG, SEZ6L) using SOMAScan v4.0. We used linear regression to evaluate the adjusted associations of obesity with echocardiographic parameters and the extent of attenuation after adjustment for these plasma proteins. Results: We included 3,244 participants (mean age 75 years, 61% female, 16% Black, 31% with obesity). Individuals with obesity had worse diastolic function and greater ventricular hypertrophy. After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, those with obesity still had higher left ventricular (LV) mass index (ß: 3.64, 95%CI: 2.29, 5.00), left atrial (LA) anteroposterior diameter (ß: 0.27, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.30), LA volume index (ß: 1.41, 95%CI: 0.75, 2.06), and lateral E/e’ ratio (0.55, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.82). After adjustment for all 9 plasma proteins, associations were attenuated for LV mass index, LA anteroposterior diameter, and lateral E/e’ ratio (36%, 26%, 22% attenuation, respectively) and the association with LA volume index was no longer significant. Conclusion: Proteins associated with HF risk in obesity explain some of the associations of obesity with diastolic dysfunction and ventricular hypertrophy, above and beyond traditional risk factors. These proteins should be investigated to further elucidate and potentially mitigate the development of cardiac dysfunction among individuals with obesity.
Abstract MP02: Sociodemographic and Behavioral Factors Associated With Diet Quality Among Low-Income Community Health Center Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Jessica Cheng, Katherine Faulkner, Ashlie Malone, Kristine Gu, Anne N Thorndike
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Objective: Identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors related to the diet of low-income adults with hypertension to inform the development of a community health worker (CHW) nutrition security intervention to improve blood pressure. Design: In this cross-sectional analysis, dietary recalls were used to assess Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) total (range: 0 to 100 [best diet quality]) and component scores and sodium intake. Self-reported sociodemographic and behavioral data were entered into a Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression model to determine the relative importance of factors related to diet quality. Setting: Five community health centers in Boston, Massachusetts. Participants: Adults (&gt;20 years old) with a hypertension diagnosis. Results: Participants (N=291) were mostly female (65.0%), on Medicaid (82.8%), food insecure (59.5%), and Hispanic (52.2%). The mean (95% CI) HEI-2020 score was 63.0 (62.3, 65.7) Component scores were low for sodium and whole grains; mean (SE) sodium intake was 2676.9 (45.5) mg/day. The most important factors associated with lower HEI-2020 scores were: not having own housing, male gender, tobacco use, marijuana use, and skipping meals; the most important factors associated with higher HEI-2020 scores were Hispanic ethnicity and receipt of community food resources (5-fold cross-validated R 2 =0.17). Conclusions: In this population of low-income adults with hypertension, diet quality would be improved by reducing sodium and increasing whole grain intake. In the future, a CHW intervention could help provide tailored dietary guidance while addressing social (e.g., community food resources) and behavioral (e.g., meal skipping) factors associated with poor diet in patients with hypertension.