tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound Evaluation of Parasternal Intercostal, Diaphragm Activity and Their Ratio in Male Patients with COPD
Authors: Nuttapol Rittayamai, Vilasinee Marinpong, Benjamas Chuaychoo, Jamsak Tscheikuna, Laurent J. Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Ultrasound Evaluation of Parasternal Intercostal, Diaphragm Activity and Their Ratio in Male Patients with COPD." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
High Airway Occlusion Pressure Is Associated with Dyspnea and Increased Mortality in Critically Ill Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Authors: Julien Le Marec, David Hajage, Maxens Decavèle, Matthieu Schmidt, Isaura Laurent, Jean-Damien Ricard, Samir Jaber, Elie Azoulay, Muriel Fartoukh, Sami Hraiech, Alain Mercat, Thomas Similowski, Alexandre Demoule
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Airway occlusion pressure at 100 ms (P0.1) reflects central respiratory drive.
Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Minae An, Arnav Mehta, Byung Hoon Min, You Jeong Heo, Samuel J. Wright, Milan Parikh, Lynn Bi, Hyuk Lee, Tae Jun Kim, Song-Yi Lee, Jeonghyeon Moon, Ryan J. Park, Matthew R. Strickland, Woong-Yang Park, Won Ki Kang, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Seung Tae Kim, Samuel J. Klempner, Jeeyun Lee
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2024)

Adding anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/platinum improves survival in some advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA). To understand the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, we conducted a phase II first-line trial (n = 47) sequentially adding pembrolizumab to 5-FU/platinum in advanced GEA. Using serial biopsy of the primary tumor at baseline, after one cycle of 5-FU/platinum, and after the addition of pembrolizumab, we transcriptionally profiled 358,067 single cells to identify evolving multicellular tumor microenvironment (TME) networks. Chemotherapy induced early on-treatment multicellular hubs with tumor-reactive T-cell and M1-like macrophage interactions in slow progressors. Faster progression featured increased MUC5A and MSLN containing treatment resistance programs in tumor cells and M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive stromal interactions. After pembrolizumab, we observed increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and development of an immunity hub involving tumor-reactive CXCL13 T-cell program and epithelial interferon-stimulated gene programs. Strategies to drive increases in antitumor immune hub formation could expand the portion of patients benefiting from anti-PD-1 approaches.
Child malnutrition is a devastating consequence of the conflict in Sudan
Authors: Tibyan Noorallah, Ammar Elgadi, Fatima Altayeb
Journal: BMJ (2024)

War in Sudan is worsening malnutrition in children. Adaptable and resilient nutrition programmes are needed to mitigate further harm to health, write <b>Tibyan Noorallah</b>, <b>Ammar Elgadi</b>, and <b>Fatima Altayeb</b>
Cracking the Genomic Code of CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Seth A. Wander, Aditya Bardia
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Summary The therapeutic approach to metastatic hormone receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor-2–negative metastatic breast cancer (HR+/HER2− MBC) has evolved rapidly over recent years. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have become first-line targeted agents of choice, in combination with an antiestrogen. Simultaneously, the clinical landscape of therapeutic options has been rapidly shifting, with novel antiestrogens, signal transduction inhibitors, and next-generation CDK inhibitors in various stages of development. Given these dynamic changes, understanding the genomic and molecular landscape of resistance to currently available antiestrogen therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors represents a major focus of translational breast cancer research globally. See related article by Goetz et al., p. 2233
Serum Urate and Its Association With Gout Flares
Authors: Angelo L. Gaffo
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
2023 EULAR recommendations on imaging in diagnosis and management of crystal-induced arthropathies in clinical practice
Authors: Peter Mandl, Maria Antonietta D’Agostino, Victoria Navarro-Compán, Irina Geßl, Garifallia Sakellariou, Abhishek Abhishek, Fabio Becce, Nicola Dalbeth, Hang-Korng Ea, Emilio Filippucci, Hilde Berner Hammer, Annamaria Iagnocco, Annette de Thurah, Esperanza Naredo, Sebastien Ottaviani, Tristan Pascart, Fernando Pérez-Ruiz, Irene A Pitsillidou, Fabian Proft, Juergen Rech, Wolfgang A Schmidt, Luca Maria Sconfienza, Lene Terslev, Brigitte Wildner, Pascal Zufferey, Georgios Filippou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

To formulate evidence-based recommendations and overarching principles on the use of imaging in the clinical management of crystal-induced arthropathies (CiAs).
High-dose systemic adeno-associated virus vector administration causes liver and sinusoidal endothelial cell injury
Authors: Juliette Hordeaux, R. Jason Lamontagne, Chunjuan Song, George Buchlis, Cecilia Dyer, Elizabeth L. Buza, Ali Ramezani, Erik Wielechowski, Jenny A. Greig, Jessica A. Chichester, Peter Bell, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2024)
Gut microbiota modulate CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell immunity in gastric cancer through Butyrate/GPR109A/HOPX
Authors: Xiang Yu, Jinzhou Ou, Lingzhi Wang, Zhenyuan Li, Yingxin Ren, Lang Xie, Zhian Chen, Junxian Liang, Guodong Shen, Zhaowei Zou, Cuiyin Zhao, Guoxin Li, Yanfeng Hu
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The gut microbiota and Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can influence the progression of diseases, yet the role of these factors on gastric cancer (GC) remains uncertain. In this work, the analysis of the gut microbiota composition and SCFA content in the blood and feces of both healthy individuals and GC patients indicated that significant reductions in the abundance of intestinal bacteria involved in SCFA production were observed in GC patients compared with the controls. ABX mice transplanted with fecal microbiota from GC patients developed more tumors during the induction of GC and had lower levels of butyric acid. Supplementation of butyrate during the induction of gastric cancer along with H. pylori and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in WT in GPR109A−/−mice resulted in fewer tumors and more IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells, but this effect was significantly weakened after knockout of GPR109A. Furthermore, In vitro GC cells and co-cultured CD8+ T cells or CAR-Claudin 18.2+ CD8+ T cells, as well as in vivo tumor-bearing studies, have indicated that butyrate enhanced the killing function of CD8+ T cells or CAR-Claudin 18.2+ CD8+ T cells against GC cells through G protein-coupled receptor 109A (GPR109A) and homologous domain protein homologous box (HOPX). Together, these data highlighted that the restoration of gut microbial butyrate enhanced CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity via GPR109A/HOPX, thus inhibiting GC carcinogenesis, which suggests a novel theoretical foundation for GC management against GC.
Vaccination and the risk of post-acute sequelae after COVID-19 in the Omicron-predominant period
Authors: Kyungmin Huh, Young-Eun Kim, Gi Hwan Bae, Jong Youn Moon, Ji-Man Kang, Jacob Lee, Jang-Whan Bae, Kyong Ran Peck, Jaehun Jung
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
A multicentre observational study to investigate feasibility of a direct oral penicillin challenge in de-labelling ‘low risk’ patients with penicillin allergy by non-allergy healthcare professionals (SPACE study): Implications for healthcare systems
Authors: Mamidipudi Thirumala Krishna, Rashmeet Bhogal, Bee Yean Ng, Kornelija Kildonaviciute, Yogini H. Jani, Iestyn Williams, Jonathan A.T. Sandoe, Rachel Pollard, Nicola Jones, Louise Dunsmure, Neil Powell, Chidanand Hullur, Ariyur Balaji, Catherine Moriarty, Beverley Jackson, Amena Warner, Ron Daniels, Robert West, Caroline Thomas, Siraj A. Misbah, Louise Savic
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)

ObjectiveThe huge burden of inaccurate penicillin allergy labels (PALs) is an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. This is magnified by insufficient allergy specialists and lack of 'point-of-care' tests. We investigated the feasibility of non-allergy healthcare professionals (HCPs) delivering direct oral penicillin challenges (DPCs) for penicillin allergy de-labelling.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in three hospitals in England across three settings (acute medical, pre-surgical and haematology-oncology). Patients with a PAL were screened and stratified as low risk/high risk. Low risk patients (non-immune mediated symptoms, benign rash, tolerated amoxicillin since and family history) underwent a DPC.ResultsN=2257 PALs were screened, 1054 were eligible; 643 were approached, 373 declined, 270 consented and 259 risk stratified (low risk=155; high risk=104). 126 low risk patients underwent DPC, 122 (96.8%) were de-labelled with no serious allergic reactions.Conversion rate from screening-to-consent was 12% [3.3% and 17.9% in acute and elective settings respectively; Odds ratios for consent were 3.42 (p<0.001) and 5.53 (p<0.001) in haematology-oncology and pre-surgical setting respectively. Common reasons for failure to progress in the study included difficulty in reaching patients, clinical instability/medical reasons, lacking capacity to consent and psychological factors.InterpretationDPCs can be delivered by non-allergy HCPs. A high proportion of patients with PALs did not progress in the study pathway. Strategies to deliver DPC at optimal points of the care pathway are needed to enhance uptake. Elective settings offer greater opportunities than acute settings for DPC. The safety and simplicity of DPCs lends itself to adoption by healthcare systems beyond the UK, including in resource-limited settings.FundingNIHR129069
Noninvasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Is a Lung- and Diaphragm-protective Approach in Self-inflicted Lung Injury
Authors: Pablo Cruces, Benjamín Erranz, Agustín Pérez, Sonia Reveco, Carlos González, Jaime Retamal, Daniela Poblete, Daniel E. Hurtado, Franco Díaz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Non-Invasive CPAP Is a Lung- and Diaphragm-protective Approach in Self-inflicted Lung Injury." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
A genetic association study of circulating coagulation factor VIII and von Willebrand factor levels
Authors: Paul S. de Vries, Paula Reventun, Michael R. Brown, Adam S. Heath, Jennifer E. Huffman, Ngoc-Quynh Le, Allison Bebo, Jennifer A. Brody, Gerard Temprano-Sagrera, Laura M. Raffield, Ayse Bilge Ozel, Florian Thibord, Deepti Jain, Joshua P. Lewis, Benjamin A. T. Rodriguez, Nathan Pankratz, Kent D. Taylor, Ozren Polasek, Ming-Huei Chen, Lisa R. Yanek, German D. Carrasquilla, Riccardo E. Marioni, Marcus E. Kleber, David-Alexandre Trégouët, Jie Yao, Ruifang Li-Gao, Peter K. Joshi, Stella Trompet, Angel Martinez-Perez, Mohsen Ghanbari, Tom E. Howard, Alex P. Reiner, Marios Arvanitis, Kathleen A. Ryan, Traci M. Bartz, Igor Rudan, Nauder Faraday, Allan Linneberg, Lynette Ekunwe, Gail Davies, Graciela E. Delgado, Pierre Suchon, Xiuqing Guo, Frits R. Rosendaal, Lucija Klaric, Raymond Noordam, Frank van Rooij, Joanne E. Curran, Marsha M. Wheeler, William O. Osburn, Jeffrey R. O'Connell, Eric Boerwinkle, Andrew Beswick, Bruce M. Psaty, Ivana Kolcic, Juan Carlos Souto, Lewis C. Becker, Torben Hansen, Margaret F. Doyle, Sarah E. Harris, Angela P. Moissl, Jean-François Deleuze, Stephen S. Rich, Astrid van Hylckama Vlieg, Harry Campbell, David J. Stott, Jose Manuel Soria, Moniek P. M. de Maat, Laura Almasy, Lawrence C. Brody, Paul L. Auer, Braxton D. Mitchell, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Myriam Fornage, Caroline Hayward, Rasika A. Mathias, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Leslie A. Lange, Simon R. Cox, Winfried März, Pierre-Emmanuel Morange, Jerome I. Rotter, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, James F. Wilson, Pim van der Harst, J. Wouter Jukema, M. Arfan Ikram, John Blangero, Charles Kooperberg, Karl C. Desch, Andrew D. Johnson, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Charles J. Lowenstein, Nicholas L. Smith, Alanna C. Morrison
Journal: Blood (2024)
A multicenter case–controlled study on laparoscopic hepatectomy versus microwave ablation as first-line therapy for 3–5 cm hepatocellular carcinoma in patients aged 60 and older
Authors: Zhen Wang, Hua Zhang, Qiong Meng, De-zhi Zhang, Song-song Wu, Zhi-xian Hong, Guang-bin He, Hong Yang, Bang-de Xiang, Xiao Li, Tian-an Jiang, Kai Li, Zhe Tang, Fei Huang, Man Lu, Cun Liu, Xiao-ling Yu, Zhi-gang Cheng, Fang-yi Liu, Zhi-yu Han, Jian-ping Dou, Jie Yu, Ping Liang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

There is currently a lack of convincing evidence for microwave ablation (MWA) and laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for patients ≥60 years old with 3-5 cm hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients were divided into three cohorts based on restricted cubic spline analysis: 60-64, 65-72, and ≥73 years. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the baseline variables in a 1:1 ratio. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed, followed by a comparison of complications, hospitalization, and cost. Among 672 patients, the median age was 66 (IQR 62-71) years. After PSM, two groups of 210 patients each were selected. During the 36.0 (20.4-52.4) month follow-up period, the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS rates in the MWA group were 97.6, 80.9, and 65.3% and 95.5, 78.7, and 60.4% in the LLR group (HR 0.98, P =0.900). The corresponding DFS rates were 78.6, 49.6, and 37.5% and 82.8, 67.8, and 52.9% (HR 1.52, P =0.007). The 60-64 age cohort involved 176 patients, with no a significant difference in OS between the MWA and LLR groups (HR 1.25, P =0.370), MWA was associated with a higher recurrence rate (HR 1.94, P =0.004). A total of 146 patients were matched in the 65-72 age cohort, with no significant differences in OS and DFS between the two groups (OS (HR 1.04, P =0.900), DFS (HR 1.56, P =0.110)). In 76 patients aged ≥73 years after PSM, MWA provided better OS for patients (HR 0.27, P =0.015), and there were no significant differences in DFS between the two groups (HR 1.41, P =0.380). Taken together, for patients older than 65 years, the recurrence rate of MWA was comparable with LLR. Safety analysis indicated that LLR was associated with more postoperative bleeding ( P =0.032) and hypoproteinemia ( P =0.024). MWA was comparable to LLR in patients aged 65 years and older. MWA could be an alternative for the oldest old or the ill patients who cannot afford LLR, while LLR is still the first option of treatments for early-stage 3-5 cm hepatocellular carcinoma in capable elderly's.
Internal jugular vein pressure monitoring guided venous reconstruction could improve perioperative safety after superior vena cava resection for mediastinal tumors: a cohort study
Authors: Xiuxiu Hao, Zhitao Gu, Haoran Liu, Xuefei Zhang, Ning Xu, Teng Mao, Wentao Fang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Introduction: After superior vena cava (SVC) resection, the decision on unilateral or bilateral reconstruction was mostly based on the expertise of surgeons without objective measurements. This study explored the use of internal jugular vein pressure (IJVP) monitoring to guide the SVC reconstruction strategy. Methods: In a retrospective cohort, perioperative outcomes of unilateral and bilateral reconstruction based on surgeons’ experience were compared. Then, IJVP threshold was measured when temporarily clamping the left innominate vein (LIV) in a testing cohort. Venous reconstruction according to IJVP monitoring was performed in a prospective validation cohort afterwards. Perioperative outcomes were compared between the prospective and the retrospective cohorts. For some interested variables, intuitive explanations would be given using Bayesian methods. Potential risk factors for postoperative complications were investigated by multivariable analysis. Results: From March 2009 to September 2022, 57 patients underwent SVC reconstruction based on surgeons’ experience. Bayesian analysis indicated a posterior probability of 80.49% that unilateral reconstruction had less blood loss than bilateral reconstruction (median 550 mL vs. 1200 mL). Cerebral edema occurred in 2 patients after unilateral reconstruction. In the testing cohort, median IJVP was 22.7 (18-27) cmH 2 O after temporary LIV clamping in 10 patients. In the prospective cohort, unilateral reconstruction only was performed if the contralateral IJVP was&lt;30 cmH 2 O in 16 patients. Bilateral reconstruction was performed if IJVP was≥30 cmH 2 O after unilateral bypass in 9 patients. No cerebral edema occurred in the prospective cohort. Less postoperative complications occurred in the prospective cohort than the retrospective cohort (12.0% vs. 38.6%, P =0.016). Upon multivariable analysis, IJVP-monitoring guided SVC reconstruction was associated with significantly less postoperative complications ( P =0.033). Conclusions: Intraoperative IJVP-monitoring is a useful strategy for selection of unilateral or bilateral SVC reconstruction and improving perioperative safety in patients with mediastinal tumors.
TMPRSS2 inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19 in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials of nafamostat and camostat mesylate
Authors: María Patricia Hernández-Mitre, Susan C. Morpeth, Balasubramanian Venkatesh, Thomas E. Hills, Joshua Davis, Robert K. Mahar, Grace McPhee, Mark Jones, James Totterdell, Steven Y.C. Tong, Jason A. Roberts
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Vascular Complications and Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients on Chronic Steroid Therapy. A meta-analysis
Authors: Song Peng Ang, Jia Ee Chia, Vikash Jaiswal, Muhammed Hanif, Ananya Vadhera, Sudarshan Gautam, Anuradha Raut, Saira Rafaqat, Vamsikalyan Reddy Borra, Harshwardhan Khandait, Abhigan Babu Shrestha, Jose Iglesias
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Chronic steroid (CS) therapy was reportedly linked to increased vascular complications following percutaneous coronary intervention. However, its association with vascular complications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remained uncertain, with conflicting results being reported.
Comparison of ESIN and other minimally invasive techniques for anterior pelvic ring injury: a finite element analysis and case-control study
Authors: Weijie Xia, Hongyi Jiang, Endong Tao, Jianjun Ye, Fulin Wang, Xianyu Wang, Leyi Cai, Yongzeng Feng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Object: A novel technique, percutaneous elastic stable intramedullary nail fixation (ESIN), proposed by our team for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring injury. Finite element analysis and retrospective case-control study were used to compare biomechanical properties and clinical outcomes between ESIN and other techniques. Methods: Four groups of finite element models of pelvic anterior ring injury were simulated, including ESIN (model A), retrograde transpubic screw fixation (RTSF, model B), subcutaneous internal fixator (model C), and external fixator (model D), and a vertical downward load of 500 N was applied to the S1 vertebral endplate. Stress and displacement distributions of intact pelvis, displacement distributions of pubic fracture fragments, and stress distributions of fixation devices were analyzed. Then 31 patients with anterior pelvic ring injury (15 in the ESIN group and 16 in the RTSF group) were reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at the final follow-up. Postoperative complications were also recorded. Results: Under 500N loading, the intact stability of the pelvis was compared as follows: model B (20.58 mm, 121.82 MPa), model A (20.80 mm, 129.97 MPa), model C (22.02 mm, 141.70 MPa), and model D (22.57 mm, 147.06MPa). The regional stability of superior pubic ramus was compared as follows: model B (9.48 mm), model A (10.16 mm), model C (10.52 mm), and model D (10.76 mm). All 31 patients received follow-up at least 12 months post-surgery (range 12–20 months). Age, sex, injury mechanism, fracture type, time between the injury and operation, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, follow-up period, time to union and Majeed scores did not differ significantly between the two groups ( P &gt;0.05). However, the differences in the duration of unilateral surgery, unilateral intraoperative fluoroscopy and one-time success rate were significant ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions: With sufficient biomechanical stability and minimally invasive advantage, the percutaneous technique using ESIN can be used to successfully treat anterior pelvic ring injuries. In addition, advantages over RTSF include a shorter duration of surgery, reduced requirement for intraoperative fluoroscopy and a higher one-time success rate. ESIN therefore constitutes a good alternative to RTSF.