tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The 2016 CDC Opioid Guideline and Analgesic Prescribing Patterns in Older Adults With Cancer
Authors: Rebecca Rodin, Lihua Li, Karen McKendrick, Krista Harrison, Lauren J. Hunt, Ulrike Muench, Cardinale B. Smith, Melissa D. Aldridge, R. Sean Morrison
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published guidelines cautioning against prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain. Little is known about unintended outcomes of this guideline on analgesic prescribing for older adults with cancer, who commonly require opioids as first-line pain treatment. Objective To determine whether the 2016 CDC guideline was associated with altered analgesic prescribing among older adults with cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants Interrupted time series analysis of a longitudinal cohort using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) dataset (2010-2020), a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Medicare beneficiaries linked to Medicare claims. MCBS participants older than 65 years who reported a non–skin cancer diagnosis were followed up for up to 4 years. Subgroup analysis conducted for those with poor prognosis cancer or a cancer-related pain encounter (advanced cancer/cancer pain). Data were analyzed from January 2023 to February 2025. Exposure CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain publication in March 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Quarterly prescribing rates of opioids (typical opioids, tramadol, and buprenorphine) and gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin). For each time series analysis outcome, a level change estimated immediate change and trend (ie, slope) change estimated ongoing change following the guideline. Results The cohort included 11 903 older adults with cancer (mean [IQR] age, 79.4 [73-85] years, 6504 [54.6%] women), including 1283 with advanced cancer or cancer pain. Compared with preguideline trends, we observed the following changes after the guideline release: the slope of opioid prescribing decreased (typical opioids: −0.47; 95% CI, −0.63 to −0.30 percentage points [pp]/quarter; tramadol: −0.27; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.17 pp/quarter; buprenorphine: −0.01; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.01 pp/quarter), though tramadol prescribing rose by 11.5% overall; and gabapentinoid prescribing increased by 24.9% (slope change, −0.03; 95% CI, −0.09 to 0.02 pp/quarter). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of older adults with cancer, the 2016 CDC guideline was associated with a decline in opioid prescribing that was less pronounced for tramadol compared with typical opioids and was followed by a 25% increase in gabapentinoid prescribing. This may reflect a shift in cancer pain management from first-line opioids to tramadol, which is less safe, and gabapentinoids, which have been shown to be less effective for cancer pain treatment.
Somatic hypermutation unlocks antibody specificities beyond the primary repertoire
Authors: Teng Zuo, Avneesh Gautam, Shahab Saghaei, Sweta N Khobragade, Rahaman Ahmed, Azadeh Mahdavinia, Mehrdad Zarghami, Gaspar A Pacheco, Kenneth Green, Meghan Travers, Nicholas Garcia, Zahra Allahyari, Vishal Rao, Sachin Kumar, Robert Novak, Joyce K Hwang, Duane R Wesemann
Journal: Immunity (2025)
THU-171 Statins as an alternative therapy to improve the cardiac chronotropic dysfunction in cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Muhammad Shafique, Qamar Niaz, Muhammad Adil Rasheed, Khalid Abdul Majeed, Ghulam Mustafa, Muhammad Ovais Omer, Adeel Sattar, Sania Mehreen, Muhammad Bilal Khan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Hidradenitis Suppurativa Unroofing Procedure Costs in the Context of Medical Inflation
Authors: Zachary Ruffolo, Ashwath J. Sampath, Allison Locy, Peter A. Khoury, Austin Cohrs, Matthew Helm, Galen Foulke
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This economic evaluation examines the cost changes associated with hidradenitis suppurativa between 2005 and 2020.
Gut Microbiota Inhibits Influenza Virus-induced N6-Methyladenosine: Role of Microbiota-mediated Epigenetic Modification in Antiviral Immunity
Authors: M. Liu, W. Xiao, Y. Yu, T. Miao, C. Xugui, B. Mao, J. Fu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2025)
Hepato-cardiac interorgan communication controls cardiac hypertrophy via combined endocrine-autocrine FGF21 signaling
Authors: Sobuj Mia, Georgios Siokatas, Rafailia Sidiropoulou, Matthew Hoffman, Konstantinos Fragkiadakis, Eftychia Markopoulou, Mahmoud I Elesawy, Rajika Roy, Scott Blair, Yasuhide Kuwabara, Erjola Rapushi, Dipayan Chaudhuri, Catherine A Makarewich, Erhe Gao, Walter J Koch, Joel D Schilling, Jeffery D Molkentin, Maria Marketou, Konstantinos Drosatos
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Real-Time AI-Assisted Insulin Titration System for Glucose Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zhen Ying, Yujuan Fan, Congling Chen, Yuchen Liu, Qi Tang, Zhiwei Chen, Qian Yang, Hongmei Yan, Liming Wu, Jiaping Lu, Zhiwen Liu, Jun Liu, Xiaoying Li, Ying Chen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world. Insulin titration for glycemic control in T2D is crucial but limited by the lack of personalized and real-time tools. Objective To examine whether an artificial intelligence–based insulin clinical decision support system (iNCDSS) for glycemic control in hospitalized patients with T2D is noninferior to standard insulin therapy administered by senior physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, single-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted between October 1, 2021, and September 8, 2022, in endocrinology wards of 3 medical centers. Eligible participants were adults (aged ≥18 years) with glycated hemoglobin levels between 7.0% and 11.0% who had received antidiabetic treatments in the previous 3 months. Interventions Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive insulin dosage titration by iNCDSS or senior endocrinology physicians for 5 consecutive days. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of time in the target glucose range (70-180 mg/dL) during the 5-day study period; the noninferiority margin was 6 percentage points. Secondary outcomes included other glycemic control measurements and adverse events. Results A total of 149 participants (mean [SD] age, 64.2 [12.0] years; 84 male [56.4%]) were enrolled and randomized to the iNCDSS group (n = 75) or physician group (n = 74). The mean (SD) target glucose range (primary outcome) was 76.4% (16.4%) in the iNCDSS group and 73.6% (16.8%) in the physician group, which achieved the prespecified noninferiority criterion (estimated treatment difference, 2.7%; 95% CI, −2.7% to 8.0%). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the 2 groups. Most physicians were satisfied with the iNCDSS for its clear, time-saving, effective, and safe clinical support. Conclusions and Relevance In this RCT of an iNCDSS, the system demonstrated noninferiority to senior endocrinology physicians in insulin titration in an inpatient setting, indicating its potential as a favorable tool for insulin titration in patients with T2D. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04642378
Treatment of Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperstosis, and Osteitis Syndrome With Abrocitinib
Authors: Dawei Huang, Yujing Zhao, Yuling Shi, Xuemei Yi
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This case report describes a woman in her 50s who was initially diagnosed with palmoplantar pustulosis but was subsequently found to have synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperstosis, and osteitis syndrome, which was successfully treated with abrocitinib.
SAT-122-YI Acute kidney disease in acutely decompensated cirrhosis: impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Alberto Calleri, Maria Laura Robone, Marco Tizzani, Chiara Lisi, matteo botta, Giulia Pecorella, Mimma Bonomo, Francesco Frigo, Daniela Campion, Antonio Ottobrelli, Alfredo Marzano, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Carlo Alessandria
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Predicting Agitation Events in the Emergency Department Through Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ambrose H. Wong, Atharva V. Sapre, Kaicheng Wang, Bidisha Nath, Dhruvil Shah, Anusha Kumar, Isaac V. Faustino, Riddhi Desai, Yue Hu, Leah Robinson, Can Meng, Guangyu Tong, Steven L. Bernstein, Kimberly A. Yonkers, Edward R. Melnick, James D. Dziura, R. Andrew Taylor
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Agitation events are increasing in emergency departments (EDs), exacerbating safety risks for patients and clinicians. A wide range of clinical etiologies and behavioral patterns in the emergency setting make agitation prediction difficult in this setting. Objective To develop, train, and validate an agitation-specific prediction model based on a large, diverse set of past ED visit data. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included electronic health record data collected from 9 ED sites within a large, urban health system in the Northeast US. All ED visits featuring patients aged 18 years or older from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2022, were included in the analysis and modeling. Data analysis occurred between May 2023 and September 2024. Exposures Variables that served as potential exposures of interest, encompassing demographic information, patient history, initial vital signs, visit information, mode of arrival, and health services utilization. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of agitation was defined as the presence of an intramuscular chemical sedation and/or violent physical restraint order during an ED visit. A clinical model was developed to identify risk factors that predict agitation development during an ED visit prior to symptom onset. Model performance was measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and area under the precision recall curve (PR-AUC). Results The final cohort comprised 3 048 780 visits. The cohort had a mean (SD) age of 50.2 (20.4) years, with 54.7% visits among female patients. The final artificial intelligence model used 50 predictors for the primary outcome of predicting agitation events. The model achieved an AUROC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.94) and a PR-AUC of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.40-0.42) in cross-validation, indicating good discriminative ability. Calibration of the model was evaluated and demonstrated robustness across the range of predicted probabilities. The top predictors in the final model included factors such as number of past ED visits, initial vital signs, medical history, chief concern, and number of previous sedation and restraint events. Conclusions and Relevance Using a cross-sectional cohort of ED visits across 9 hospitals, the prediction model included factors for detecting risk of agitation that demonstrated high accuracy and applicability across diverse patient populations. These results suggest that clinical application of the model may enhance patient-centered care through preemptive deescalation and prevention of agitation.
WED-496 Anthropometric measures and mortality risk in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a population-based cohort study
Authors: Yee Hui Yeo, Yixuan Zhu, Jingli Gao, Shanghao Liu, Wenjing Ni, Fajuan Rui, Xue Bai, Nan Geng, Rui Jin, Elizabeth Speliotes, Chao Wu, Junping Shi, Xiaolong Qi, Vincent Chen, Philip Newsome, Jie Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Vaccination of nonhuman primates elicits a broadly neutralizing antibody lineage targeting a quaternary epitope on the HIV-1 Env trimer
Authors: Fabian-Alexander Schleich, Shridhar Bale, Javier Guenaga, Gabriel Ozorowski, Monika Àdori, Xiaohe Lin, Xaquin Castro Dopico, Richard Wilson, Mark Chernyshev, Alma Teresia Cotgreave, Marco Mandolesi, Jocelyn Cluff, Esmeralda D Doyle, Leigh M Sewall, Wen-Hsin Lee, Shiyu Zhang, Sijy O'Dell, Brandon S Healy, Deuk Lim, Vanessa R Lewis, Elana Ben-Akiva, Darrell J Irvine, Nicole A Doria-Rose, Martin Corcoran, Diane Carnathan, Guido Silvestri, Ian A Wilson, Andrew B Ward, Gunilla B Karlsson Hedestam, Richard T Wyatt
Journal: Immunity (2025)
FRI-243-YI VDAC1-mediated lipid droplet-mitochondria tethering promotes tumorigenesis and inhibits HBV replication in CHB patients concurrent with MASLD
Authors: Zhe Dai, Yin Gao, Guangde Zhou, Xiaoman Liu, Zhe Wang, Jie Li, Yijin Wang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy vs Up-Front Surgery for Resectable Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Po-Chuan Chen, Avery Shuei-He Yang, Alessandro Fichera, Mu-Hung Tsai, Yuan-Hua Wu, Yu-Min Yeh, Yu Shyr, Edward Chia-Cheng Lai, Chao-Han Lai
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Guidelines for resectable locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) advocate for neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NRT) followed by surgery as the standard approach. However, recent trials have reported no oncological benefits of NRT-based therapy for middle or lower rectal cancer, raising the question of whether NRT followed by surgery remains the optimal treatment approach for resectable LARC overall. Objective To compare the outcomes of NRT followed by surgery vs up-front surgery for resectable LARC. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study, using a target trial emulation framework with nationwide registries in Taiwan, included patients undergoing curative resection for resectable LARC (cT1-2N1-2, cT3Nany) between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from January 1, 2024, to February 15, 2025. Exposure NRT. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and local recurrence (LR). The secondary outcome was intraoperative diverting stoma outcomes. Results A total of 4099 patients were analyzed, including 1436 patients undergoing NRT followed by surgery (median [IQR] age, 62.0 [53.0-71.0] years; 1036 [72.1%] male) and 2663 patients undergoing up-front surgery (median [IQR] age, 65.0 [56.0-74.0] years; 1626 [61.1%] male). NRT followed by surgery, compared with up-front surgery, was associated with higher 3-year OS rates (88.5% vs 85.2%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92) but higher permanent diverting stoma rates (20.6% vs 11.1%; relative risk [RR], 1.91; 95% CI, 1.62-2.25); LR rates were not significantly different (5.7% vs 6.6%; HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.55-1.11). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with up-front surgery, NRT followed by surgery was associated with improved outcomes in middle or lower rectal cancer but not upper rectal cancer (OS: HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.82-2.90; LR: HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.23-5.00). NRT followed by surgery was associated with significantly increased risks of permanent diverting stomas across different tumor heights, particularly in upper rectal cancer (RR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.44-8.69). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of nationwide registries in Taiwan, NRT followed by surgery was associated with improved oncological outcomes for overall resectable LARC, with excessive diverting stoma nonreversal as the trade-off. However, the benefits of NRT were not observed for upper rectal cancer. These findings raise concerns about potential harm from NRT and advise caution when performing NRT for upper rectal cancer.
SAT-087 MiR-485-3p as a predictor of therapeutic response and its role of the PIAS3/STAT3/VEGF signal in Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kyoko Oura, Asahiro Morishita, Rie Yano, Kei Takuma, Mai Nakahara, Tomoko Tadokoro, Koji Fujita, Joji Tani, HIdeki Kobara
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Antipsychotic Acute-Phase Treatment in Individuals With and Without Recent Treatment
Authors: Lasse Brandt, Orestis Efthimiou, Spyridon Siafis, Johannes Schneider-Thoma, Heiner Stuke, Hakan Ayrilmaz, Alkomiet Hasan, Andreas Heinz, Stefan Gutwinski, John M. Kane, Stefan Leucht
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

Importance It has been hypothesized that the association between acute-phase treatment with antipsychotic (vs placebo) and outcomes might be larger in individuals who were not recently treated compared to recently treated individuals. However, evidence is still lacking. Objective To compare the association between antipsychotic (vs placebo) acute-phase treatment and outcomes in individuals who were not recently treated to recently treated individuals. Data Sources The Yale University Open Data Access Project’s database was searched from inception to April 16, 2024 (PROSPERO CRD42021224350 ). Study Selection We included placebo-controlled antipsychotic acute-phase randomized clinical trials with participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder aged 18 years and older. Participants were divided into 2 groups: recently treated (treated with an antipsychotic before the start of randomized treatment) and not recently treated (not treated for ≥4 weeks before the start of randomized treatment). Data Extraction and Synthesis Multiple linear regression models were implemented to estimate difference in mean difference (DMD), defined as mean difference (antipsychotic vs placebo) in not recently treated minus mean difference in recently treated, and 95% confidence intervals in each study. DMD and 95% confidence intervals were synthesized across studies using a random effects meta-analysis model. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was overall symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] score after 6 weeks). Results A total of 470 trials were identified, of which 12 were eligible for the analysis. A total of 692 individuals were included in the not recently treated group and randomized to antipsychotic (n = 502) or placebo (n = 190), and 2089 individuals were included in the recently treated group and randomized to antipsychotic (n = 1513) or placebo (n = 576). Overall median (IQR) age of included individuals was 38 (30-48) years, and 998 individuals (35.9%) were female. No evidence of difference in the antipsychotic vs placebo outcomes was detected across the not recently treated and recently treated individuals (DMD, 0.8 PANSS points; 95% CI, −3.6 to 5.2). Not recently treated individuals had better outcomes with both the antipsychotic and placebo compared to recently treated individuals. Conclusions and Relevance In this individual participant data meta-analysis, the association between antipsychotic (vs placebo) acute-phase treatment and outcomes may be similar in individuals with and without recent treatment. Individuals who were not recently treated had better outcomes with both the antipsychotic and placebo compared with recently treated individuals.
Surgical Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Ukraine During War
Authors: Barry J. Maron, Ethan J. Rowin, Martin S. Maron
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

This essay describes a cardiac surgeon’s experience performing surgical septal myectomy for symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy during wartime in Ukraine as related during recent interviews with the authors.
WED-012 A comparative analysis of carbon footprints: nucleic acid test vs. rapid antigen test for preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B in the gambia
Authors: Alassane Ndiaye, Florian Motyl, Sainabou Drammeh, Bakary Dibba, Alexandra Famiglietti, Maya Whittaker, Kevin Jean, Maud Lemoine, Sylvie Boyer, Dramane Kania, Kris Murray, Chistopher Vandi, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Helene Da Conceicao, Guillaume Pakula, Gibril Ndow, Yusuke Shimakawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
SAT-021 Initiation of direct acting viral therapy in prison is associated with a significant loss to follow-up: relevance to WHO elimination metrics?
Authors: Peter Sandwith, Kosh Agarwal, Graham R Foster, Beatrice Emmanouil, Mark Gillyon-Powell, Specioza Nabiteeko, Georgia Threadgold, Julian Surey, Rachel Hill-Tout, Leila Reid, Stuart Smith, Paul Trembling, Douglas Macdonald, Dan Forton, Upkar Gill, Ashley Brown, Matthew Foxton
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Gastric Bypass vs Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Simone Wildisen, Rahel Laager, Tristan Struja, Alessia Wildisen, Beat Mueller, Philipp Schuetz, Ralph Peterli, Alexander Kutz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2025)

Importance Metabolic bariatric surgery is the most effective and durable treatment for weight loss and improvement of cardiovascular diseases. With sleeve gastrectomy now surpassing gastric bypass as the most common procedure worldwide, comparing these procedures’ associations with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is needed. Objective To compare the risk of MACE among individuals undergoing gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, inverse probability–weighted cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data from Switzerland among adults undergoing gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy for obesity treatment between January 2012 and December 2022. Inpatient individuals with a primary or secondary discharge procedure code for gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were eligible for inclusion. Data were analyzed from April 2024 to September 2025. Exposure Gastric bypass vs sleeve gastrectomy. Main Outcomes and Measures A weighted cohort was analyzed to study the primary outcome of 4-point MACE, including acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, hospitalizations for heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of MACE, surgical reinterventions, and associated complications. Results Of 39 067 patients, 30 270 patients (77.5%) underwent gastric bypass and 8798 patients (22.5%) underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Median (IQR) patient age was 42 (35-50) years, and 28 560 patients (73.1%) were women. A total of 23 708 patients (60.7%) had a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) of 40 or higher. After weighting, over a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.1 years (2.6-7.6), the primary outcome occurred in 577 patients in the gastric bypass group (1.9%) and 264 patients in the sleeve gastrectomy group (3.0%), with incidence rates of 3.96 and 5.10 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64-0.88). This difference was primarily driven by lower rates of acute myocardial infarction (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46-0.86). No differences were observed in ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Both short- and long-term secondary outcomes favored gastric bypass over sleeve gastrectomy, except for higher rates of revision surgery and immediate postoperative complications. Conclusions and relevance In this inverse probability–weighted cohort study, for patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery, gastric bypass was associated with lower rates of MACE than sleeve gastrectomy over a follow-up period of up to 11 years. Known postoperative complications were confirmed for both gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy.
OS-041 Nutritional therapy prevents overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) in patients with cirrhosis after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ying Li, Xin Quan, Ou Luo, Bo Wei, Huan Tong, Zhidong Wang, Yang Tai, Linhao Zhang, Can Gan, Shuaijie Qian, Xu Guo, Lei Shi, Hao Wu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)
Indurated Red Nodules and Plaques on the Thigh of a Female Patient
Authors: Sara Saldarriaga Santamaría, Lauren Yi, Sarah Gradecki
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

A woman in her 40s with a medical history of complex regional pain syndrome presented to the dermatology department for evaluation of a pruritic recurrent rash on her right anterior thigh. What is your diagnosis?
FRI-013 Age-related trends in FIB-4 scores among MASLD risk groups: insights from primary care data
Authors: Hiroko Setoyama, Takehisa Watanabe, Toshinori Toyota, Kentaro Tanaka, Koki Inada, Satoshi Narahara, Takayuki Tokunaga, Etsuko Iio, Katsuya Nagaoka, Yoko Yoshimaru, Yasuhito Tanaka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2025)