tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A THEORY CONCERNING THE MANNER IN WHICH THE STOMACH EMPTIES ITSELF
Authors: William Travis Gibb
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1942)

Article1 January 1942A THEORY CONCERNING THE MANNER IN WHICH THE STOMACH EMPTIES ITSELFWILLIAM TRAVIS GIBB JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.WILLIAM TRAVIS GIBB JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-16-1-94 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe actual mechanics of how the stomach empties have never been explained in a perfectly clear fashion. The descriptions of this important function vary considerably in every textbook on physiology, and appear to be vague and incomplete. Cannon believes that the acidity of the chyme controls the pyloric sphincter, that a certain degree of acidity in the stomach causes it to open, and that increased acidity in the duodenum causes it to empty. There is also another factor which comes into play, namely, that mechanical stimulation on the stomach side causes the pylorus to open and that mechanical stimulation on...Bibliography1. WRIGHT S: Applied physiology, 6th Ed., page 554. Google Scholar2. HOWELL WH: Text book of physiology, 12th Ed., page 758. Google Scholar3. STARLING : Principles of human physiology, 6th Ed., page 579. Google Scholar4. MCLEOD : Physiology in modern medicine, 8th Ed., page 665. Google Scholar5. ALVAREZ W: Mechanics of the digestive tract, 2nd Ed., 1928. Google Scholar6. BESTTAYLOR : Physiological basis of medical practice, 2nd Ed., 1940. CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. THOMASMORGAN : A study of reflexes involving the pyloric sphincter and antrum, Am. Jr. Physiol., 1934, cviii, 683. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. COLE LG: Value of serial radiography in gastrointestinal diagnosis, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1912, lix, 1947. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9. EUSTERMANNBALFOUR : Stomach and duodenum, 1st Ed., 1936. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM TRAVIS GIBBJR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York, N. Y.*Read before the Summit (N. J.) Medical Society, Oct. 29, 1940.Read before the Monthly Gastro-Intestinal Conference of St. Luke's Hospital, December, 1940.Received for publication February 25, 1941. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBIBLIOGRAPHYCoordinated motor activity of the human gastroduodenal regionA study of motility of normal human gastroduodenal regionThe Adverse Effects of Belladonna Alkaloids in Benign Pyloric ObstructionA modern explanation of the gastric emptying mechanism 1 January 1942Volume 16, Issue 1 Page: 94-103 Keywords Duodenum Gastroenterology and hepatology Stomach ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
Computers and Medicine
Authors: Angelo Taranta
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The Literature of Medicine1 March 1969Computers and MedicineANGELO TARANTA, M.D.ANGELO TARANTA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-3-653 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe cover of a new British paperback on computers in medicine* is adorned by a diagram of a ferrite-core type of computer memory. In its center is a window through which a caduceus peeks. The caduceus is positioned far away (the drawing's perspective tells us this), and the spiralling snake looks wary. Is he a prisoner? He is certainly encircled, and the embrace is not that of love.Am I over-interpreting? Likely. Projecting? Certainly. But not idiosyncratically so. My prejudices are shared, if not by the artist who drew the picture, by many physicians, whether innocent of computing or not-so-innocent.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University School of Medicine New York, N. Y.*Computers in the Service of Medicine. Essays on Current Research and Applications. Volumes I and II. Edited by G. MCLACHLAN and R. A. SHEGOG. Volume I, 188 pages; Volume II, 194 pages. Oxford University Press, London, New York, Toronto, 1968. Price, 25s each. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1969Volume 70, Issue 3Page: 653-655KeywordsComputersMemory ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
UV-induced Treg cells
Authors: Heather L. Van Epps
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

A new study explains how UV exposure induces immunosuppression. Previous studies showed that UV-induced immunosuppression is caused by regulatory T cells (Treg cells). On page 173, Schwarz et al. now show that the development of Treg cells requires DNA damage to DCs called Langerhans cells (LCs).

Mice exposed to UV light are rendered unresponsive to antigens applied to skin because of the induction of Treg cells, which interfere with activation of effector T cells in response to antigen. IL-12, a cytokine produced by LCs, can both prevent the establishment of the unresponsive state and can also reverse established tolerance when provided in combination with antigen stimulation. Schwarz et al. showed in a previous study that IL-12 also promotes DNA repair, but it was unclear how (or if) these functions of IL-12 related to one another.

The group now shows that the prevention of UV-induced immunosuppression relies on DNA repair. Mice that lacked the DNA repair machinery became immunocompromised after UV exposure even after they were given IL-12. In wild-type mice, IL-12 protected against immunosuppression.

Thus, IL-12 interference with immunosuppression appears to be dependent on its induction of DNA repair. The authors suggest that DNA damage may change the costimulatory molecules expressed on LCs, thus altering their stimulatory profile away from effector T cells and toward Treg cells.
Factors related to neutropenic events in early stage breast cancer patients
Authors: E. Culakova, D. A. Wolff, M. S. Poniewierski, J. Crawford, D. C. Dale, G. H. Lyman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

634 Background: Reductions in chemotherapy relative dose intensity (RDI) in patients with early stage breast cancer (ESBC) have been shown to compromise disease-free and overall survival. A previous risk model identified factors associated with neutropenic events in patients with ESBC during the first cycle of treatment. The current analysis extends these observations to include the initial neutropenic event over multiple cycles. Methods: From 115 community oncology practices, 1,473 breast cancer patients starting a new chemotherapy regimen were enrolled in a prospective study and followed over the first 4 cycles of treatment. The primary outcome was febrile neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1,000/mm3 and fever/infection) and/or severe neutropenia (ANC<500/mm3) (FN/SN). A Cox model was utilized to identify factors associated with developing FN/SN and a risk score (RS) was generated based on the model's regression coefficients. Results: Among 1,202 ESBC patients included in the analysis, 24% had stage I, 57% stage II and 18% stage III disease. Age ranged from 26 to 85 years (mean, 54 years; 16% ≥ 65 years). FN/SN was observed in 529 (44%) patients with 386 (73% of events) occurring in cycle 1. The highest proportion of neutropenic events (68%) was found with TAC (docetaxel, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) (p<0.0001). In multivariate analyses, planned delivery of standard chemotherapy (RDI ≥ 85%) was associated with a doubling of risk of FN/SN (hazard ratio (HR) =2.00, p<0.0001) after adjustment for treatment type (p<0.0001), glomerular filtration rate (HR=0.99, p<0.0001), baseline white blood cell count (HR=0.96, p=0.05), serum bilirubin (HR=1.76, p=0.010) and concomitant phenothiazines (HR=1.37, p=0.010). Alternatively, primary colony stimulating factor prophylaxis was associated with a reduction in FN/SN (HR=0.29, p<0.0001). Model R2 was 0.37. FN/SN rates were 10%, 32%, 57%, 78% when patients were divided into quartiles based on the calculated RS. Conclusions: The risk model presented here for FN/SN across multiple treatment cycles identified comparable risk factors to those identified previously in the model based on first cycle events. Once fully validated, the model should help identify patients at increased risk of FN or SN who may be candidates for more aggressive supportive care. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen Amgen Amgen
A three-arm phase III randomised trial assessing, in patients with extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), accelerated chemotherapy with the support of haematological growth factor or of oral antibiotics
Authors: Jean-Paul Sculier, Jean-Paul Lecomte, O Van Cutsem, Jean-Jacques Lafitte, George Koumakis, M.C. Florin, Paul Mommen, Marianne Paesmans, Vincent Ninane, Jean Klastersky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)
Abstract 18397: Vitamin D Supplementation Prevents Cardiac Failure; MRC RECORD Trial Analysis, Systematic Review And Meta-analysis
Authors: John A Ford, Graeme MacLennan, Mark J Bolland, Andrew Grey, Alison Avenell
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Objective To assess if vitamin D supplementation, compared to no vitamin D, prevents cardiac failure, MI, stroke or any cardiovascular event through analysis of the MRC RECORD trial, systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Trial analysis MRC RECORD was a factorial trial (n=5292) randomising participants to vitamin D3 (800 IU daily) or placebo and calcium or placebo. Primary outcome was low trauma fracture. Three year post-intervention follow up after trial closure resulted in a mean follow up of 6.1 years. Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, smoking, thiazide use, time since fracture and fracture type, was undertaken to assess time to first MI, stroke, cardiac failure or any cardiovascular event (composite endpoint of cardiac failure, MI and stroke). Systematic review and meta-analysis Three databases and conference abstracts were searched for randomised controlled trials of vitamin D or analogues. Inclusion criteria were mean/median age &gt;60 and &gt;1 year follow up. There were no language restrictions. Authors were contacted for unpublished data. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled in meta-analysis using random effects model. Results Trial analysis showed that vitamin D compared with placebo prevented cardiac failure events, but not MI, stroke or any cardiovascular event (table). Meta-analysis included 17 trials (n= 12,440). Nine study authors provided unpublished data. Meta-analysis showed that vitamin D prevented cardiac failure events, but not MI, stroke or any cardiovascular event (table). There was no statistical heterogeneity throughout. Risk of bias was generally low or unclear. Conclusion This is the first meta-analysis to assess vitamin D and cardiac failure, and the only meta-analysis to include vitamin D cardiovascular events from the large MRC RECORD trial. Vitamin D supplementation was found to prevent cardiac failure events, but not MI, stroke or any cardiovascular event.
Abstract 2952: Comparison of a Combination of {beta}1-Adrenergic Receptor (AR) Blocker and {beta}2AR Agonist vs. a Combination of {beta}1AR Blocker and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Ismayil Ahmet, Mark I Talan, Edward G Lakatta
Journal: Circulation (2008)

We have previously demonstrated the efficiency of long-term (12 months) treatment of rats in chronic heart failure (CHF) post myocardial infarction (MI) with a combination of a β2AR agonist and a β...
Abstract 1468: Posttranscriptional Downregulation Of Mir-1 By The RNA-binding G3BP Is Required For Induction Of eIF4E During Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Danish Sayed, Minzhen He, Shweta Rane, Maha Abdellatif
Journal: Circulation (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as fundamental posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. They are differentially regulated during cardiac hypertrophy and failure with major consequences fo...
Characterization of mitochondrial function in human breast cancer cell lines and transmitochondrial cybrids
Authors: Yewei Ma, Renkui Bai, Robert B Trieu, Lee-Jun C. Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4480  Somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have long been suspected to play a role in the development of cancer. Although most cancer cells harbor altered mtDNA, whether such mtDNA alterations contribute to the development of cancer remains unclear. To understand the role of altered mitochondria and their involvement in pathogenic mechanism of cancer cells, we study the mitochondrial function in breast cancer cell lines and the transmitochondrial cybrid cells. By growing the breast cancer cells in galactose medium, the metabolic stress forces the cell to rely solely on the mitochondrial respiratorychain to produce ATP. Breast cancer cell lines demonstrate significant reduction in cell growth when grown in galactose medium compared to glucose medium. Cell death occurs in MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB231 when galactose medium was used, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction in these cell lines. The ATP synthesis rate is almost zero in MDA-MB-468 cells. All transmitochondrial cybrids containing mitochondria from normal or cancer cell lines grow at similar rate in galactose, although slower than in glucose medium, except MDA-MB-468 cybrid, that die in galactose medium. This observation is consistent with mitochondrial DNA defects. The rescue of MDA-MB231 cells in the cybrid, suggests that the mitochondrial dysfunction in this cell line is due to nuclear gene defect. ROS production is significantly increased in transmitochondrial cybrids containing breast cancer mitochondria when compared to cells containing normal breast epithelial mitochondria. Consistently, the MDA-MB-468 transmitochondrial cybrid demonstrates much lower ATP synthesis rate than other cybrids. The MDA-MB-468 cybrid also shows absence of cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation. In the presence of ATP depletion and the blockage of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway, the upstream proapoptotic signals induce necrotic cell death. In conclusion, our data illustrate that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in regulating the growth of breast cancer cells. It also provides insights into the development of mitochondrial targeted cancer therapy.
Abstract 355: Modulation of Cardiac L-type Calcium Channels by Phospholemman
Authors: Xianming Wang, Guofeng Gao, Blaise Z Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Ca 2+ entry through L-type Ca 2+ channels plays a critical role in shaping the action potential and is the initial trigger for EC-coupling. The gating, expression and targeting Ca 2+ channels are tightly regulated by auxiliary subunits and second messenger signaling mechanisms. Here, we report that cardiac Ca 2+ channels are directly modulated by phospholemman (PLM), a single transmembrane protein that is important for regulating ion homeostasis in the heart through its interactions with the Na,K-ATPase and Na/Ca Exchanger (NCX). Experiments using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy indiate that PLM and the Ca 2+ channel alpha-1 subunit, Ca V 1.2, co-localize to the plasma membranes of HEK 293 and COS-7 cells. Recipricol co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that PLM and Ca V 1.2 are specifically associated in the mouse heart (see Figure ) and HEK 293 cells expressing the two proteins (not shown). Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to assess the functional consequences of the interaction between PLM and the Ca V 1.2 subunit using HEK 293 cells transfected with PLM ((+)PLM) or empty PLM vector ((−)PLM). These studies demonstrate that PLM substantially slows the activation kinetics of Ca V 1.2 channels (see Figure ), but has no effect on neuronal Ca V 2.1 Ca 2+ channels (not shown). As a result, the level of Ca 2+ entry during the first 50 msec of channel activation is decreased by up to 32%. Since PLM is upregulated in post-ischemic rat hearts and due to the tight functional coupling between the cardiac Ca 2+ channel and NCX, we propose that PLM-induced slowing channel activation and PLM-dependent inhibition of NCX combine synergistically to reduce peak [Ca 2+ ]i in infacted myocytes.
Randomised controlled trials of treatment are needed
Authors: M. Underwood
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--The current interest in low back pain1 is to be welcomed, particularly in the light of the doubling of the rate of male sickness and payments of invalidity benefit for spinal disorders in the 10 years to 1991-2.2 The rate of payment of benefit, however, is an unreliable measure of the burden of back pain in the community because it principally measures long term disability, not pain and disability in those …
Forensic psychiatry: female offenders
Authors: M Herjanic, F A Henn, R H Vanderpearl
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1977)

The authors examined the records of 127 female and 1,068 male offenders referred by the courts to a forensic service over a 22-year-period. Female offenders were less likely than male offenders to be referred for psychiatric evaluations when they were charged with criminal behavior. They were more likely to be charged with homicide, arson, forgery, or fraud and more frequently received diagnoses of affective disorder and neurosis.
Abstract 11098: Comparing Perspectives Between Patients, Caregivers, and Clinicians on Heart Failure Management
Authors: Faraz S Ahmad, Frances K Barg, Kathryn H Bowles, Madeline Alexander, Lee R Goldberg, Benjamin C French, Shreya Kangovi, Thomas R Gallagher, Breah Paciotti, Stephen E Kimmel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Although significant effort has been devoted to reducing readmissions for heart failure (HF) patients, little is known about the role of patient-centered factors. The goal of this stu...
Long-Term Outcomes After Stenting Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Duk-Woo Park, Young-Hak Kim, Sung-Cheol Yun, Jong-Young Lee, Won-Jang Kim, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Cheol-Whan Lee, Jae-Joong Kim, Suk-Jung Choo, Cheol-Hyun Chung, Jae-Won Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Utilizes a tRNA Fragment to Suppress Antiviral Responses Through a Novel Targeting Mechanism
Authors: Junfang Deng, Ryan N Ptashkin, Yu Chen, Zhi Cheng, Guangliang Liu, Thien Phan, Xiaoling Deng, Jiehua Zhou, Inhan Lee, Yong Sun Lee, Xiaoyong Bao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Target identification is highly instructive in defining the biological roles of microRNAs. However, little is known about other small noncoding RNAs; for example, tRNA-derived RNA Fragments (tRFs). Some tRFs exhibit a gene-silencing mechanism distinctly different from that of typical microRNAs. We recently demonstrated that a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced tRF, called tRF5-GluCTC, promotes RSV replication. RSV is the single most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. By using biochemical screening and bioinformatics analyses, we have identified apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (APOER2) as a target of tRF5-GluCTC. The 3'-portion of tRF5-GluCTC recognizes a target site in the 3'-untranslated region of APOER2 and suppresses its expression. We have also discovered that APOER2 is an anti-RSV protein whose suppression by tRF5-GluCTC promotes RSV replication. Our report represents the first identification of a natural target of a tRF and illustrates how a virus utilizes a host tRF to control a host gene to favor its replication.
The Incidence of Tuberculosis in Diabetes
Authors: Louis I. Kramer, Herman A. Lawson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1933)

Article1 May 1933The Incidence of Tuberculosis in DiabetesLOUIS I. KRAMER, M.D., HERMAN A. LAWSON, M.D.LOUIS I. KRAMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HERMAN A. LAWSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-11-1426 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe patient with diabetes who attempts to give himself the best care is surrounded by restrictions and must always exercise considerable self-denial. He must be scrupulous in the care of his feet and regard seriously any skin infection no matter how trivial it may seem. He must exercise the greatest care to avoid contracting the ordinary acute infections, such as the common cold, grippe, and gastroenteritis. If he is intelligent his happiness is clouded by the fear of premature arteriosclerosis with all of its sad complications, such as retinitis, coronary disease, gangrene, etc. In the list of dangers which may...Bibliography1 JOSLIN EP: The treatment of diabetes mellitus, 1923, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. Google Scholar2 MONTGOMERY CM: Diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1912, cxliv, 543-561. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 BOSWELL H: Diabetes and tuberculosis, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jr., 1927, lxxix, 668-669. Google Scholar4 MUSSER JH: Diabetes and tuberculosis, Med. Clin. North Am., 1924, viii, 771-774. Google Scholar5 GRIESINGER , quoted by BOSWELL, H.: Diabetes and tuberculosis, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jr., 1927, lxxix, 668-669. Google Scholar6 WINDLE , quoted by BOSWELL, H.: Loc. cit. Google Scholar7 FITZ R: The problem of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with diabetes, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1930, clxxx, 192-200. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 FITZMURPHY RWP: The cause of death in diabetes mellitus, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1924, clxviii, 313-325. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 SOSMANSTEIDL MCJH: "Diabetic tuberculosis", Am. Jr. Roentgenol., 1927, xvii, 625-629. Google Scholar10 ADAMS SF: Complications of diabetes: a study of the incidence of and mortality from tuberculosis, acidosis, and gangrene in one thousand cases of diabetes, Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clinic, 1929, iv, 192. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Providence, Rhode Island*Received for publication October 22, 1932.†From Diabetic Clinic, Medical Dept., Rhode Island Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Rationale of the Therapeutic Administration of Massive Doses of Vitamin A in Tuberculous Diabetics 1 May 1933Volume 6, Issue 11Page: 1426-1433KeywordsCommon coldExerciseFearGastroenteritisHappinessHospitalsRetinitisSkin infectionsStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1933 PDF downloadLoading ...