tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Safety of a controlled human infection model of tuberculosis with aerosolised, live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG versus intradermal BCG in BCG-naive adults in the UK: a dose-escalation, randomised, controlled, phase 1 trial
Authors: Iman Satti, Julia L Marshall, Stephanie A Harris, Rachel Wittenberg, Rachel Tanner, Raquel Lopez Ramon, Morven Wilkie, Fernando Ramos Lopez, Michael Riste, Daniel Wright, Marco Polo Peralta Alvarez, Nicola Williams, Hazel Morrison, Elena Stylianou, Pedro Folegatti, Daniel Jenkin, Samantha Vermaak, Linnea Rask, Ingrid Cabrera Puig, Rebecca Powell Doherty, Alison Lawrie, Paul Moss, Timothy Hinks, Henry Bettinson, Helen McShane
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis. BCG, the only licensed vaccine, provides inadequate protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Controlled human infection models are useful tools for vaccine development. We aimed to determine a safe dose of aerosol-inhaled live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a surrogate for M tuberculosis infection, then compare the safety and tolerability of infection models established using aerosol-inhaled and intradermally administered BCG.
Determinants of lung function development from birth to age 5 years: an interrupted time series analysis of a South African birth cohort
Authors: Carlyle McCready, Heather J Zar, Shaakira Chaya, Carvern Jacobs, Lesley Workman, Zoltan Hantos, Graham L Hall, Peter D Sly, Mark P Nicol, Dan J Stein, Anhar Ullah, Adnan Custovic, Francesca Little, Diane M Gray
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)

BackgroundEarly life is a key period that determines long-term health. Lung development in childhood predicts lung function attained in adulthood and morbidity and mortality across the life course. We aimed to assess the effect of early-life lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and associated risk factors on lung development from birth to school age in a South African birth cohort.MethodsWe prospectively followed children enrolled in a population-based cohort from birth (between March 5, 2012 and March 31, 2015) to age 5 years with annual lung function assessment. Data on multiple early-life exposures, including LRTI, were collected. The effect of early-life risk factors on lung function development from birth to age 5 years was assessed using the Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape and Interrupted Time Series approach.Findings966 children (475 [49·2%] female, 491 [50·8%] male) had lung function measured with oscillometry, tidal flow volume loops, and multiple breath washout. LRTI occurred in 484 (50·1%) children, with a median of 2·0 LRTI episodes (IQR 1·0–3·0) per child. LRTI was independently associated with altered lung function, as evidenced by lower compliance (0·959 [95% CI 0·941–0·978]), higher resistance (1·028 [1·016–1·041]), and higher respiratory rate (1·018 [1·063–1·029]) over 5 years. Additional impact on lung function parameters occurred with each subsequent LRTI. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) LRTI was associated with lower expiratory flow ratio (0·97 [0·95–0·99]) compared with non-RSV LRTI. Maternal factors including allergy, smoking, and HIV infection were also associated with altered lung development, as was preterm birth, low birthweight, female sex, and coming from a less wealthy household.InterpretationPublic health interventions targeting LRTI prevention, with RSV a priority, are vital, particularly in low-income and middle-income settings.FundingUK Medical Research Council Grant, The Wellcome Trust, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, US National Institutes of Health Human Heredity and Health in Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, and European Respiratory Society.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Routine Outpatient Care for Youth with Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Karen Krause, Xiao Chi Zhang, Silvia Schneider
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2024)

This study examined the long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (≥ 2 years after the end of therapy) in the routine care of youth (mean 11.95 years; SD = 3.04 years) with primary anxiety disorder (AD).
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for treatment of esophageal leukoplakia reveals hidden histopathology
Authors: Moritz Meiborg, Tobias Blasberg, Marie Weber, Johannes Richl, Dirk Freitag, Edris Wedi
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

A 59-year-old woman with a medical history of severe reflux esophagitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and tobacco and alcohol dependence was referred to our clinic for an assessment of progressive hyperkeratotic lesions in the mid-section of the esophagus, which were incidentally found on routine endoscopic surveillance. Prior to the initial presentation at our clinic, the patient had undergone endoscopic monitoring for a duration of 2.5 years. With the exception of sporadically occurring reflux symptoms, the patient remained asymptomatic. There was no indication of B-symptoms.
Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk in 109,954 Veterans With Adult-Onset Diabetes: The Million Veteran Program (MVP)
Authors: Peter K. Yang, Sandra L. Jackson, Brian R. Charest, Yiling J. Cheng, Yan V. Sun, Sridharan Raghavan, Elizabeth M. Litkowski, Brian T. Legvold, Mary K. Rhee, Richard A. Oram, Elena V. Kuklina, Marijana Vujkovic, Peter D. Reaven, Kelly Cho, Aaron Leong, Peter W.F. Wilson, Jin Zhou, Donald R. Miller, Seth A. Sharp, Lisa R. Staimez, Kari E. North, Heather M. Highland, Lawrence S. Phillips, Sumitra Muralidhar, Jennifer Moser, Jennifer E. Deen, J. Michael Gaziano, Jean Beckham, Kyong-Mi Chang, Philip S. Tsao, Shiuh-Wen Luoh, Juan P. Casas, Lori Churby, Stacey B. Whitbourne, Jessica V. Brewer, Mary T. Brophy, Luis E. Selva, Shahpoor (Alex) Shayan, Kelly Cho, Saiju Pyarajan, Scott L. DuVall, Todd Connor, Dean P. Argyres, Brady Stephens, Peter Wilson, Rachel McArdle, Louis Dellitalia, Kristin Mattocks, John Harley, Jeffrey Whittle, Frank Jacono, Jean Beckham, John Wells, Salvador Gutierrez, Kathrina Alexander, Kimberly Hammer, James Norton, Gerardo Villareal, Scott Kinlay, Junzhe Xu, Mark Hamner, Roy Mathew, Sujata Bhushan, Pran Iruvanti, Michael Godschalk, Zuhair Ballas, River Smith, Stephen Mastorides, Jonathan Moorman, Saib Gappy, Jon Klein, Nora Ratcliffe, Ana Palacio, Olaoluwa Okusaga, Maureen Murdoch, Peruvemba Sriram, Shing Shing Yeh, Neeraj Tandon, Darshana Jhala, Samuel Aguayo, David Cohen, Satish Sharma, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Kris Ann Oursler, Mary Whooley, Sunil Ahuja, Joseph Constans, Paul Meyer, Jennifer Greco, Michael Rauchman, Richard Servatius, Melinda Gaddy, Agnes Wallbom, Timothy Morgan, Todd Stapley, Peter Liang, Daryl Fujii, Patrick Strollo, Edward Boyko, Jessica Walsh, Samir Gupta, Mostaqul Huq, Joseph Fayad, Adriana Hung, Jack Lichy, Robin Hurley, Brooks Robey, Prakash Balasubramanian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

To characterize high type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominates.
VENT-AVOID Trial – Avoiding Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure!
Authors: Ravindranath Tiruvoipati, Sameer Kaul, Sachin Gupta, Kavi Haji
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"VENT-AVOID Trial – Avoiding Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure!." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
Systematic Review of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker Discovery in Neuro-Oncology: A Roadmap to Standardization and Clinical Application
Authors: Nicholas Mikolajewicz, Patricia P. Yee, Debarati Bhanja, Mara Trifoi, Alexandra M. Miller, Philippe Metellus, Stephen J. Bagley, Leonora Balaj, Leonardo J.M. de Macedo Filho, Brad E. Zacharia, Dawit Aregawi, Michael Glantz, Michael Weller, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia, Thomas Kislinger, Alireza Mansouri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

Effective diagnosis, prognostication, and management of CNS malignancies traditionally involves invasive brain biopsies that pose significant risk to the patient. Sampling and molecular profiling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a safer, rapid, and noninvasive alternative that offers a snapshot of the intracranial milieu while overcoming the challenge of sampling error that plagues conventional brain biopsy. Although numerous biomarkers have been identified, translational challenges remain, and standardization of protocols is necessary. Here, we systematically reviewed 141 studies (Medline, SCOPUS, and Biosis databases; between January 2000 and September 29, 2022) that molecularly profiled CSF from adults with brain malignancies including glioma, brain metastasis, and primary and secondary CNS lymphomas. We provide an overview of promising CSF biomarkers, propose CSF reporting guidelines, and discuss the various considerations that go into biomarker discovery, including the influence of blood-brain barrier disruption, cell of origin, and site of CSF acquisition (eg, lumbar and ventricular). We also performed a meta-analysis of proteomic data sets, identifying biomarkers in CNS malignancies and establishing a resource for the research community.
Clinical Utility of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Advanced KRASG12C-Mutated NSCLC Treated With Sotorasib
Authors: Sophie M Ernst, Ronald van Marion, Peggy N Atmodimedjo, Evert de Jonge, Ron H J Mathijssen, Marthe S Paats, Peter de Bruijn, Stijn L Koolen, Jan H von der Thüsen, Joachim G J V Aerts, Ron H N van Schaik, Hendrikus J Dubbink, Anne-Marie C Dingemans
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2024)
Choosing Wisely in a time of resource constraints
Authors: Karen B. Born, Wendy Levinson, C S Pramesh, Eve A. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Healthcare systems globally are facing multiple intersecting and overlapping crises including unprecedented resource constraints and a burnt out, demoralised workforce. 1Clinicians are being asked to do more with less in the face of backlogs in access to services alongside rising health inequalities and increases in patient complexity.
Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
Authors: Lu Zhao, Haoran Hu, Lin Zhang, Zheting Liu, Yunchao Huang, Qian Liu, Liang Jin, Meifei Zhu, Ling Zhang
Journal: MedComm (2024)

Abstract At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole‐body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications. In fact, previous studies have been shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and is attracting attention to be the meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, this review systematically concluded the current studies over the relationships of susceptible diabetes complications (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and inflammation, ranging from immune cell response, cytokines interaction to pathomechanism of organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various therapeutic strategies to improve diabetes complications by target inflammation from special remedies to conventional lifestyle changes. This review will offer a panoramic insight into the mechanisms of diabetes complications from an inflammatory perspective and also discuss contemporary clinical interventions.
Pyrogallol protects against influenza A virus‐triggered lethal lung injury by activating the Nrf2–PPAR‐γ–HO‐1 signaling axis
Authors: Beixian Zhou, Linxin Wang, Sushan Yang, Yueyun Liang, Yuehan Zhang, Xuanyu Liu, Xiping Pan, Jing Li
Journal: MedComm (2024)

Abstract Pyrogallol, a natural polyphenol compound (1,2,3‐trihydroxybenzene), has shown efficacy in the therapeutic treatment of disorders associated with inflammation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the protective properties of pyrogallol against influenza A virus infection are not yet established. We established in this study that pyrogallol effectively alleviated H1N1 influenza A virus‐induced lung injury and reduced mortality. Treatment with pyrogallol was found to promote the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ). Notably, the activation of Nrf2 by pyrogallol was involved in elevating the expression of PPAR‐γ, both of which act synergistically to enhance heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) synthesis. Blocking HO‐1 by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) reduced the suppressive impact of pyrogallol on H1N1 virus‐mediated aberrant retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐I‐nuclear factor kappa B (RIG‐I–NF‐κB) signaling, which thus abolished the dampening effects of pyrogallol on excessive proinflammatory mediators and cell death (including apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis). Furthermore, the HO‐1‐independent inactivation of janus kinase 1/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK1/STATs) and the HO‐1‐dependent RIG‐I‐augmented STAT1/2 activation were both abrogated by pyrogallol, resulting in suppression of the enhanced transcriptional activity of interferon‐stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complexes, thus prominently inhibiting the amplification of the H1N1 virus‐induced proinflammatory reaction and apoptosis in interferon‐beta (IFN‐β)‐sensitized cells. The study provides evidence that pyrogallol alleviates excessive proinflammatory responses and abnormal cell death via HO‐1 induction, suggesting it could be a potential agent for treating influenza.
Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders — towards clinical application
Authors: Michael Khalil, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Sylvain Lehmann, Markus Otto, Fredrik Piehl, Tjalf Ziemssen, Stefan Bittner, Maria Pia Sormani, Thomas Gattringer, Samir Abu-Rumeileh, Simon Thebault, Ahmed Abdelhak, Ari Green, Pascal Benkert, Ludwig Kappos, Manuel Comabella, Hayrettin Tumani, Mark S. Freedman, Axel Petzold, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, David Leppert, Jens Kuhle
Journal: Nature Reviews Neurology (2024)
SKA3 targeted therapies in cancer precision surgery: a commentary
Authors: Changjiang Wu, Yi Yao, Wenqiang Lu, Ze Ji, Yiming Mao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China bDepartment of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China cDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China dDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China Wu and Yao contributed equally to this work. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: E-mail address: [email protected] (Z. Ji). *Corresponding author. Address: Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (Y. Mao). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
The future of organ transplantation donor selection: opportunities and challenges in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Yongguang Liu, Runtao Feng, Jianrong Chen, Hongyan Yan, Xiaoyou Liu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Liu, Yongguang; Feng, Runtao; Chen, Jianrong; Yan, Hongyan; Liu, Xiaoyou Author Information
The recent two decades of traumatic brain injury: a bibliometric analysis and systematic review
Authors: Ziyin Ye, Zhi Li, Shiyu Zhong, Qichen Xing, Kunhang Li, Weichen Sheng, Xin Shi, Yijun Bao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health burden worldwide, with a mortality rate of 20%-30%; however, reducing the incidence and mortality rates of TBI remains a major challenge. This study provides a multidimensional analysis to explore the potential breakthroughs in TBI over the past two decades. Materials and Methods: We used bibliometric and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) analyses to analyze publications focusing on TBI published between 2003 and 2022 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database to identify core journals and collaborations among countries/regions, institutions, authors, and research trends. Results: Over the past 20 years, 41,545 articles on TBI from 3,043 journals were included, with 12,916 authors from 20,449 institutions across 145 countries/regions. The annual number of publications has increased ten-fold compared to previous publications. This study revealed that high-income countries, especially the United States, have a significant influence. Collaboration was limited to several countries/regions. The LDA results indicated that the hotspots included four main areas: “Clinical finding”, “Molecular mechanism”, “Epidemiology”, and “Prognosis”. Epidemiological research has consistently increased in recent years. Through epidemiological topic analysis, the main etiology of TBI has shifted from traffic accidents to falls in a demographically aging society. Conclusion: Over the past two decades, TBI research has developed rapidly, and its epidemiology has received increasing attention. Reducing the incidence of TBI from a preventive perspective is emerging as a trend to alleviate the future social burden; therefore, epidemiological research might bring breakthroughs in TBI.
A commentary on “ Complex causal association between genetically predicted 731 immunocyte phenotype and osteonecrosis: A bidirectional Two-sample mendelian randomization analysis” (Int J Surg. 2024 Mar 18; Online ahead of print.)
Authors: Xingcheng Zhu, Benlin Huang, Junxian Zhao, Chunqiong Yin, Xiangyun Li, Jieming Zuo, Junhao Chen, Hongping Bao
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Zhu, Xingcheng; Huang, Benlin; Zhao, Junxian; Yin, Chunqiong; Li, Xiangyun; Zuo, Jieming; Chen, Junhao; Bao, Hongping Author Information
Vena cava replacement and major hepatectomy for liver tumors: international multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fabrizio Di Benedetto, Paolo Magistri, Francesca Marcon, Olivier Soubrane, Felipe Pedreira Mello, Joao Santos Coelho, Andre Renaldo Fernandez, Samuele Frassoni, Vincenzo Bagnardi, Ashish Singhal, Fernando Rotellar, Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro, Ruslan Alikhanov, Eduardo de Souza M Fernandes, Francois Cauchy, Paolo Muiesan, Stefano Di Sandro, Hugo Pinto Marques
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Introduction: Involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins (HV) has been considered a relative contraindication to hepatic resection for primary and metastatic liver tumors. However, patients affected by tumors extending to the IVC have limited therapeutic options and suffer worsening of quality of life due to IVC compression. Methods: Cases of primary and metastatic liver tumors with vena cava infiltration from 10 international centers were collected (7 European, 1 US, 2 Brazilian, 1 Indian) were collected. Inclusion criteria for the study were major liver resection with concomitant vena cava replacement. Clinical data and short-term outcomes were analyzed. Results: 36 cases were finally included in the study. Median tumor max size was 98 mm (range: 25-250). A biliary reconstruction was necessary in 28% of cases, while a vascular reconstruction other than vena cava in 34% of cases. Median operative time was 462 min (range: 230-750), with 750 median ml of estimated blood loss and a median of one pRBC transfused intraoperatively (range: 0-27). Median ICU stay was 4 days (range: 1-30) with overall in-hospital stay of 15 days (range: 3-46), post-operative CCI score of 20.9 (range: 0-100), 12% incidence of PHLF grade B-C. Five patients died in a 90-days interval from surgery, 1 due to heart failure, 1 due to septic shock and 3 due to multiorgan failure. With a median follow-up of 17 months (interquartile range: 11-37), the estimated five-years overall survival was 48% (95% CI: 27%-66%), and five-year cumulative incidence of tumor recurrence was 55% (95% CI: 33%-73%). Conclusions: Major liver resections with vena cava replacement can be performed with satisfactory results in expert HPB centers. This surgical strategy represents a feasible alternative for otherwise unresectable lesions and is associated with favorable prognosis compared to non-operative management, especially in patients affected by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Letter to the editor - Commentary on “Updated disease distributions, risk factors, and trends of laryngeal cancer: a global analysis of cancer registries”
Authors: Bofan Chen, Haimin Zeng, Fangzhen Lin, Dongxia Hu, Xiang Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China bThe Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China cDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China Bofan Chen and Haimin Zeng: These authors contributed equally to this research. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Department of rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (X. Chen). *Corresponding author. Address: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (D. Hu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
A commentary on ‘ChatGPT in medicine: prospects and challenges: a review article’
Authors: Yupeng Han, Haixing Wu, Peng Ke, Xiaodan Wu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China bFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical care Medicine Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding author. Address: Fujian Medical University. E-mail address: [email protected] (X. Wu). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC), where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/