tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intersectional Racial and Sex Disparities in Unintentional Overdose Mortality
Authors: Kechna Cadet, Bianca D. Smith, Silvia S. Martins
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

There are several apparent research gaps based on the intersectional sociodemographic dimensions of drug-related mortality disparities. Relatively marginal evidence exists on the potential roles of intersecting forms of race and sexual marginalization on the disparities across drug-related mortality. To examine intersectional sex-specific White and Black racial disparities in drug poisoning mortality across states from 2010 to 2020. This cross-sectional study used unintentional fatal drug poisoning mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-Based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System. Trends from 2010 through 2020 were analyzed by Black men, Black women, White men, and White women across states. One-sided Mann-Kendall trend analysis was used to examine statistically significant increasing or decreasing trends in age-adjusted mortality rates. Statistical analysis was performed from June to July 2024. White and Black groups intersecting with male and female sex. Analysis of age-adjusted mortality rates, excess years of potential life lost (reference group: White men), years of potential life lost ratios (reference group: White men), and percentage change to highlight state differences. From a total sample of 518 724 unintentional fatal drug poisoning deaths (9.0% in Black men, 3.9% in Black women, 29.0% in White women, and 58.1% in White men), 11 820 781 years of potential life lost were recorded. Black men had the highest mean (SD) age-adjusted mortality rate (23.25 [22.65]), followed by White men (22.49 [14.32]), with lower rates for White women (11.71 [5.96]) and Black women (9.01 [8.04]) (P < .001). Compared with White men, both Black men (τ = 0.298, slope = 0.002, intercept = 0.381, P < .001) and Black women (τ = 0.157, slope = 0.0004, intercept = 0.271, P < .001) had worsening YPLL over time, while White women (τ = -0.146, slope = -0.0003, intercept = 0.5252, P < .001) showed improvement in their YPLL over time compared with White men. At the state level, there was a disproportionate burden of deaths due to drug poisonings, with Maryland showing the highest increase in mortality rates among Black men (485.4%), while decreases were observed for White women in states such as Alaska (-23.0%). In this cross-sectional study of overdose deaths, disparities in overdose mortality were evident, with Black men and Black women experiencing a pronounced and increasing burden of mortality compared with their White counterparts. Addressing these disparities will require a multipronged approach targeting the social, physical, economic, and policy risk environments.
Social Risk and Acute Health Care Utilization Among Insured Adults
Authors: Morgan Clennin, Mario Schootman, Emma L. Tucher, Liza M. Reifler, Suma Vupputuri, Meagan Brown, John Adams, Stacie L. Daugherty
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Millions of Americans are impacted by adverse social risk factors such as financial strain, housing instability, and food insecurity. A better understanding of if and how these factors are associated with acute care utilization is needed. To examine the association between exposure to social risk factors and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among a sample of insured adults. This cohort study used US health data from a national initiative that employed a multistage, stratified sampling framework across 8 regional markets of an integrated health care delivery system. Eligible participants were insured adults who responded to health surveys. Population-based samples were taken proportionate to the sex and age distribution of each market. Validated survey questions captured social risk exposure (positive screening for financial strain, housing instability, and/or food insecurity) during the past year; across 2 survey waves (2020, 2022). Self-reported social risk was categorized into mutually exclusive risk levels, social risk vs no social risk. Primary outcome was acute health care utilization defined as time to the first event (ED visit, hospitalization) observed following the first survey completion (January 2020 to July 2023). Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression examined the association between social risk and subsequent care utilization, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. The analytic cohort included 9785 survey respondents. The weighted cohort data (mean age, 48.4 years [95% CI, 47.9-48.9 years]) included 54.1% female respondents (95% CI, 52.3%-55.9%); 14.6% of the sample were Asian (95% CI, 13.3%-16.0%), 8.1% Black (95% CI, 7.3%-9.1%), 27.1% Hispanic (95% CI, 25.5%-28.8%), and 43.6% non-Hispanic White (95% CI, 41.2%-44.7%); and 50.3% reported exposure to 1 or more social risk factor. During the follow-up period (median [IQR], 3.48 [3.01-3.50] years), 25.4% (95% CI, 22.9%-28.1%) and 10.3% (95% CI, 8.9%-11.9%) of the cohort experienced an ED visit and hospitalization, respectively. Utilization rates varied by level of social risk exposure. Respondents who reported any social risk had a 21% higher risk of an ED visit compared with those with no social risk exposure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.21 [95% CI, 1.03-1.41]). Social risk was not associated with hospitalizations (adjusted HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.84-1.32]). In this cohort of 9785 adults, the significant association between social risk and time to first ED event warrants future study to determine if improved social risk are associated with lower ED utilization.
Angiopoietin-Like 3 Antibody Therapy in Patients With Suboptimally Controlled Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Xiaojie Xie, Xiaoxia Shi, Yuming Zhang, Shuhong Su, Chenyan Jiang, Liu Miao, Junkui Wang, Daoquan Peng, Lingchun Lv, Xiaohong Chai, Suxin Luo, Yang Zheng, Shan Huang, Dan Zhu, Shangshang Liao, Meng Ren, Xiaohong Gao, Haibo Yang, Hao Zhou, Yuquan He, Yajun Han, Jiahong Xu, Lin Zhang, Laijing Du, Zhuhua Yao, Jianlong Sheng, Xiaoping Peng, Xiaowen Chen, Juxiang Li, Jie Mi, Qiang Lu, Hongju Wang, Zheng Shen, Zhilin Zhao, Feng Gao, Chao Lv, Min Zhu, Ying Zhu, Jian'an Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)
The axillary lymphoid organ is an external, experimentally accessible immune organ in the zebrafish
Authors: Daniel Castranova, Madeleine I. Kenton, Aurora Kraus, Christopher W. Dell, Jong S. Park, Marina Venero Galanternik, Gilseung Park, Daniel N. Lumbantobing, Louis Dye, Miranda Marvel, James Iben, Kiyohito Taimatsu, Van Pham, Reegan J. Willms, Lucas Blevens, Tanner F. Robertson, Yiran Hou, Anna Huttenlocher, Edan Foley, Lynne R. Parenti, J. Kimble Frazer, Kedar Narayan, Brant M. Weinstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Lymph nodes and other secondary lymphoid organs play critical roles in immune surveillance and immune activation in mammals, but the deep internal locations of these organs make it challenging to image and study them in living animals. Here, we describe a previously uncharacterized external immune organ in the zebrafish ideally suited for studying immune cell dynamics in vivo, the axillary lymphoid organ (ALO). This small, translucent organ has an outer cortex teeming with immune cells, an inner medulla with a mesh-like network of fibroblastic reticular cells along which immune cells migrate, and a network of lymphatic vessels draining to a large adjacent lymph sac. Noninvasive high-resolution imaging of transgenically marked immune cells can be carried out in ALOs of living animals, which are readily accessible to external treatment. This newly discovered tissue provides a superb model for dynamic live imaging of immune cells and their interaction with pathogens and surrounding tissues, including blood and lymphatic vessels.
Tumor cell heterogeneity drives spatial organization of the intratumoral immune response
Authors: Miho Tanaka, Lotus Lum, Kenneth H. Hu, Piyush Chaudhary, Savannah Hughes, Cecilia Ledezma-Soto, Bushra Samad, Daphne Superville, Kenneth Ng, Arun Chumber, Ciara Benson, Zoe N. Adams, Kelly Kersten, Oscar A. Aguilar, Lawrence Fong, Alexis J. Combes, Matthew F. Krummel, Melissa Q. Reeves
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH)-defined as genetic and cellular diversity within a tumor-is linked to failure of immunotherapy and an inferior anti-tumor immune response. We modeled heterogeneous tumors comprised of "hot" and "cold" tumor populations (giving rise to T cell-rich and T cell-poor tumors, respectively) and introduced fluorescent labels to enable precise spatial tracking. We found the cold tumor cell population exerted a "dominant cold" effect in mixed tumors. Strikingly, spatial analysis revealed that the tumor cells themselves created distinct local microenvironments within heterogeneous tumors: regions occupied by cold tumor cells showed pronounced immunosuppression, harboring increased CD206Hi macrophages and diminished local T cell function. This inferior T cell activity in cold regions persisted even after immunotherapy and mechanistically was mediated by CX3CL1 produced by the cold tumor cells. An immune cold tumor population within a heterogeneous tumor thus impairs tumor immunity on both a tumor-wide and a highly localized spatial scale.
Nanomaterial‐Enhanced Biosensing: Mechanisms and Emerging Applications
Authors: Younghak Cho, Yunyoung Choi, Yerim Jang, Hyejeong Seong
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Biosensors serve as indispensable analytical tools in biomedical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and personalized healthcare, offering operation simplicity, cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity, and portability. Nanostructure integration has overcome traditional sensing platform limitations, particularly in sensitivity and response dynamics. These nanoscale materials-including nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets, and nanotubes-leverage unique physicochemical properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum confinement effects, and plasmonic interactions to enhance biosensor performance significantly. This review systematically analyzes recent advances in nanostructure-based biosensing technologies, examining how nanomaterial engineering improves sensor sensitivity, selectivity, and multifunctionality. Fundamental mechanisms are explored by which nanostructures enhance electrochemical, optical, and electrical biosensor performance, emphasizing low-abundance biomarkers in complex biological matrices. Beyond technological innovations, practical applications are evaluated across healthcare and environmental monitoring. Finally, current challenges and outline future research directions, highlighting these technologies' potential are addressed to transform diagnostic capabilities and healthcare outcomes.
Diagnostic BRAFV600E blood predicts treatment failure and neurodegeneration and redefines paradigms of pediatric LCH
Authors: Howard Lin, Akanksha Batajoo, Erin Peckham-Gregory, Daniel Zinn, Olive S Eckstein, Nader K El-Mallawany, Nitya Gulati, Zachary Prudowsky, Brooks P. Scull, Jessica Velazquez, Harshal A Abhyankar, Stephen J Simko, Daria Vakula, Ryan Fleischmann, Vivekanudeep Karri, John Hicks, Kevin E. Fisher, Choladda V. Curry, Angshumoy Roy, Deborah E Schiff, Kenneth Heym, Michael E Scheurer, Donald Williams Parsons, Miriam Merad, Tsz-Kwong Man, Kenneth L McClain, Jennifer Picarsic, Carl E Allen
Journal: Blood (2025)
Enhancer hijacking discovery in acute myeloid leukemia by pyjacker identifies MNX1 activation via deletion 7q
Authors: Etienne Sollier, Anna Riedel, Umut H. Toprak, Justyna A. Wierzbinska, Dieter Weichenhan, Jan Philipp Schmid, Mariam Hakobyan, Aurore Touzart, Ekaterina Jahn, Binje Vick, Fiona Brown-Burke, Katherine Kelly, Simge Kelekci, Anastasija Pejkovska, Ashish Goyal, Marion Bähr, Kersten Breuer, Mei-Ju May. Chen, Maria Llamazares-Prada, Mark Hartmann, Maximilian Schönung, Nadia Correia, Andreas Trumpp, Yomn Abdullah, Ursula Klingmüller, Sadaf S. Mughal, Benedikt Brors, Frank Westermann, Elias Ulrich, Robert J. Autry, Matthias Schlesner, Sebastian Vosberg, Tobias Herold, Philipp A. Greif, Dietmar Pfeifer, Michael Lübbert, Thomas Fischer, Florian H. Heidel, Gebhard Gebhard, Wencke Walter, Torsten Haferlach, Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld, Krzysztof Mrózek, Deedra Nicolet, Lars Bullinger, Leonie Smeenk, Claudia Erpelinck-Verschueren, Roger Mulet-Lazaro, Ruud Delwel, Aurélie Ernst, Michael Scherer, Pavlo Lutsik, Irmela Jeremias, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner, Daniel B. Lipka, Christoph Plass
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2025)

Acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (ckAML) is characterized by high genomic complexity, including frequent TP53 mutations and chromothripsis. Genomic rearrangements that reposition active enhancers near proto-oncogenes, leading to their aberrant expression, have not been systematically investigated in AML. To facilitate the discovery of such "enhancer hijacking" events, we developed pyjacker, a computational tool, and applied it to 39 ckAML samples. Pyjacker identified several enhancer hijacking events in AML patient samples, including aberrant expression of motor neuron and pancreas homeobox 1 (MNX1), which can result from del(7)(q22q36) and is associated with hijacking of a CDK6 enhancer. MNX1 activation occurs in 1.4% of AML patients and shows significant co-occurrence with BCOR mutations. Through a xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated that MNX1 is required for leukemia cell fitness. Pyjacker is an easy-to-use, accurate, and broadly applicable tool for identifying consequences of genomic events driving tumorigenesis, especially when germline genomic data is missing.
Efficiency and Safety of Noninvasive and Intravesical Therapy for Adult Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Qiang Wang, Canyong Li, Yongfu Long, Bin Cao, Yangbo Lu, Gang Luo, Yaqiang Huang, Guiyan Huang, Hongxing Huang
Journal: Drugs (2025)
Accuracy of Medicare Information Provided by State Health Insurance Assistance Programs
Authors: Kacey Dugan, Ilse Peterson, Allison Dorneo, Melissa M. Garrido
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Medicare beneficiaries, particularly those dually eligible for Medicaid, must navigate complex coverage options. The State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) provides counseling on Medicare options, but little is known about the quality of counseling sessions. To characterize experiences connecting to SHIP counselors, and to characterize the accuracy and completeness of information provided by counselors in response to questions about Medicare coverage options. In this cross-sectional study of 131 SHIP sites across the US, mystery shoppers posed as individuals newly eligible for Medicare. Shops occurred via telephone, in-person, and videoconference encounters from September 2023 to August 2024. Statistical analysis was performed from August to September 2024. Mystery shoppers followed scripts with questions about coverage decisions corresponding to general Medicare eligibility and dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid. Responses were categorized as (1) accurate and complete, (2) accurate but incomplete, (3) not substantive, and (4) incorrect. This was a descriptive study without hypotheses. Shoppers attempted 306 encounters. Of these, 122 (39.9%) could not be completed, most often because shoppers did not receive return calls. Within the 184 completed shops, the mean (SD) percentage of accurate and complete answers was 40.0% (25.7%). The percentage of responses with accurate answers (whether complete or incomplete) ranged from 26.1% (when asked whether a specific clinician was in network for a specific plan) to 94.3% (when asked about differences between traditional Medicare [TM] and Medicare Advantage [MA]). Responses were unlikely to be inaccurate (mean [SD], 6.7% [5.4%]). Fewer than half of counselors (44.8% [43 of 96]) mentioned Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans (D-SNPs) as an option for mystery shoppers posing as dual eligibles. In this study of the accuracy of Medicare information provided by SHIP counselors, shoppers encountered challenges in reaching SHIP sites, indicating possible capacity constraints; responses varied in accuracy and completeness, with better performance on questions about TM vs MA comparisons, and weaker performance on questions about integrated care plans and specific MA plan details. Given recent growth in MA and federal efforts to counter deceptive marketing practices from agents or brokers-in part by directing beneficiaries to SHIPs-policymakers should consider providing SHIP with additional resources for training and capacity improvements.
Psilocybin Dispensaries and Online Health Claims in Canada
Authors: Jenna Matsukubo, Sarah Dickson, Jennifer Xiao, Erik Loewen Friesen, Marco Solmi, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Benedikt Fischer, Daniel T. Myran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

There is growing societal interest in and use of psilocybin. While psilocybin in Canada is illegal outside of clinical trials, there have been anecdotal reports of increasing access via unregulated online purchases and retail dispensaries. To describe access to and the characteristics of psilocybin dispensaries across Canada and the health claims and warnings made on dispensary websites. This cross-sectional study used systematic web searches and media reports to identify psilocybin dispensaries operating in Canada in May 2024. Data analysis was performed from June 17 to August 29, 2024. Descriptive and geospatial analyses were used to identify the psilocybin dispensary characteristics, product types, and store distribution. Content analysis assessed the nature and frequency of health claims and warnings on websites. As of May 2024, 57 psilocybin dispensaries were identified in Canada (0.18 dispensaries per 100 000 individuals aged ≥15 years) in 15 of Canada's 42 major urban cities (35.7%). Approximately 815 628 (2.6%) of Canadians lived within 1 km of a dispensary. Only 4 of 13 provinces and territories had a dispensary, with most in Ontario and British Columbia. Of the 57 stores, 35 (61.4%) were part of a chain (≥2 stores owned by a single company) and 52 (91.2%) had an online presence. Stores sold a wide variety of products, including dried mushrooms (100.0%), microdosing capsules (97.8%), psilocybin-infused chocolate (91.3%) and gummies (93.4%), and most stores (65.2%) sold products mimicking popular food brands. Among stores with websites, 86.4% claimed mental health benefits of psilocybin (eg, alleviating anxiety). While 86.4% of websites provided health warnings, relevant warnings, such as those about use while driving (9.1%), during pregnancy (13.6%), or in individuals with a history of psychosis, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder (31.8%) were rare. In this study, psilocybin retailers, who were present in over a third of major Canadian cities, made a variety of unverified health claims and lacked warnings of potential harms, suggesting the need for greater regulatory measures to protect the public.
Centering Diné (Navajo) Voices: Barriers, Facilitators, and Perceptions of Cardiac Care among Patients with Heart Failure in Rural Navajo Nation
Authors: Lauren Eberly, Ada Tennison, Larissa Morgan, Marita Smith, Leah Gray, Matthew Kearney, Benjamin Feliciano, Erica Lindsey, Jacob Manche, Pamela Detsoi-Smiley, Sonya Shin, Maricruz Merino
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: The American Indian population in the United States experiences marked cardiovascular health disparities. American Indian patients, particularly those receiving care rurally through the Indian Health Service (IHS), face unique challenges to accessing appropriate cardiovascular care. However, there are no studies in the current era characterizing these challenges from the patient perspective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the barriers, facilitators, and perceptions of cardiac care among Diné (Navajo) patients with heart failure (HF) receiving care through the IHS, as well as to determine patient-designed solutions to improve access to quality cardiovascular care. Methods: We performed semi-structured interviews and surveys of Diné patients (n=30) living with heart failure receiving care at two IHS sites in rural Navajo Nation. The participants were 27% female, 30% Navajo speaking, with a median age of 59 (IQR 53,67) years. Interviews were guided by the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research to describe patient experiences with receiving cardiac care. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. Results: Several themes emerged reflecting barriers and facilitators to accessing cardiac care, as well as perspectives regarding HF care and advanced therapies. Primary barriers included lack of specialists locally, transportation-related and financial barriers to travel long distances to urban centers for care, complicated IHS referral processes, and mistrust of providers outside of the IHS. Facilitators included trust of local IHS care; community and family support; and exceptional patient and caregiver resiliency and activation. Most patients felt traditional medicine was important for their cardiovascular health and desired more of its integration into Western treatment. There was heterogeneity in cultural beliefs regarding heart transplantation, but the majority felt it was acceptable if needed. Proposed solutions for improving cardiovascular care included making more services available locally, increased telehealth options, and assistance for social determinants of health especially access to healthier food and transportation-related costs for referral care. Conclusions: As the first qualitative study of American Indian patients with HF in the current era, these results highlight unique care challenges, which can inform community-designed strategies to improve access to care.