tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Patient Care Experience After Private Equity Acquisition of US Hospitals
Authors: Anjali Bhatla, Victoria L. Bartlett, Michael Liu, ZhaoNian Zheng, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance Private equity acquisitions of health care facilities have rapidly increased over the past decade. However, little is known about the effects of private equity acquisitions of US hospitals on patient care experience. Objective To evaluate whether the acquisition of hospitals by private equity firms was associated with changes in measures of patient-reported experience compared with matched control hospitals from 2008 through 2019. Design, Settings, and Participants This cohort study identified 73 US hospitals newly acquired by private equity firms and 293 matched control (nonacquired) US hospitals from 2008 through 2019. An event study, difference-in-differences design was used to evaluate changes in patient experiences measures from 3 years before to 3 years after private equity acquisition. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were 2 global measures of patient-reported care experience from the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey, which included patients’ overall hospital rating and willingness to recommend the hospital. Secondary outcomes included the 7 other HCAHPS measures encompassing clinical process, communication, and environmental measures. Results There were 73 private equity–acquired hospitals and 293 matched control hospitals. The percentage of patients rating hospitals as a 9 or 10, on a scale of 0 to 10, decreased at private equity–acquired hospitals (65.0% before acquisition and 65.2% after acquisition) when compared with control hospitals (66.2% to 69.2%) during the postacquisition period relative to the preacquisition period with a difference-in-differences estimate of −2.4 percentage points (95% CI, −3.9 to −0.9). In addition, the percentage of patients who would definitely recommend the hospital also decreased at private equity–acquired hospitals (66.9% before acquisition and 65.5% after acquisition) compared with control hospitals (68.2% to 69.3%) with a difference-in-difference estimate of −2.1 percentage points (95% CI, −3.6 to −0.7). For both of these global measures of patient experience, the difference between private equity–acquired and control hospitals increased over time and was largest in year 3 after acquisition (−5.2 percentage points [95% CI, −8.8 to −1.5] and −4.4 percentage points [95% CI, −8.0 to −0.70] for each measure, respectively). For secondary measures of patient care experience, there was a decrease in patient-reported responsiveness of hospital staff at private equity–acquired hospitals compared with control hospitals (−1.3 percentage points [95% CI, −2.4 to −0.2]), but no differential change across other measures of clinical process, communication, and environment. Conclusions and Relevance Patient care experience worsened after private equity acquisition of hospitals. These findings raise concern about the implications of private equity acquisitions on patient care experience at US hospitals.
Disability Status and Induction Into US Medical Honor Societies
Authors: Mytien Nguyen, Samantha L. Schroth, Karina Pereira-Lima, Christopher J. Moreland, Sarwat I. Chaudhry, Amy N. Addams, Lisa M. Meeks, Dowin B. Boatright
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cohort study examines disability status and membership in medical honor societies among medical students in the US.
Shared Local Oncology Care After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Gregory A. Abel, Haesook T. Kim, Ira Zackon, Edwin T. Alyea, Alexandra S. Bailey, John P. Winters, Kenneth R. Meehan, John L. Reagan, Jeanna H. Walsh, Thomas P. Walsh, Alexandra Ivanov, Meredith A. Faggen, Sarah Sinclair, Amy C. Joyce, Sara D. Close, Amy Emmert, Jon Koreth, Joseph H. Antin, Corey S. Cutler, Vincent T. Ho, Robert J. Soiffer
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Importance Although sharing care with local oncologists after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) has been proposed for patients living far from HCT centers, it is not known whether a shared strategy is safe or improves patient quality of life (QOL). Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of sharing follow-up care after HCT between the HCT specialty center and local oncologists. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a multicenter collaborative randomized clinical trial of patients undergoing HCT at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI)—a high volume HCT center in Boston (Massachusetts)—and 8 local oncology practices. Eligible patients were enrolled from December 2017 to December 2021 and were randomized 1:1 to shared vs usual care after neutrophil engraftment, stratified by local sites in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, New York, and Maine. Data analyses were performed in January 2024. Intervention Shared care involved alternating post-HCT visits at DFCI and local oncology practices through day 100; for usual care, all post-HCT visits occurred only at DFCI. Main Outcomes and Measures Coprimary outcomes were nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at day 100, and QOL measured by the FACT-BMT (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bone Marrow Transplantation) instrument and the QLQ-C30 (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer’s Quality of Life Questionnaire) at day 180. Prespecified secondary outcomes included day 100 QOL and 1-year overall survival. Results A total of 302 participants (median [range] age, 63 [20-79] years; 117 [38.7%] females; 185 [61.3%] males) were included in the analysis; 152 were randomized to shared care and 150 to usual care. Day 100 NRM was noninferior for shared vs usual care (2.6% [95% CI, 0.7% to 6.6%] vs 2.7% [95% CI, 0.7% to 6.7%]; P = .98). There were no differences at day 180 for the FACT-BMT total score (mean difference, 3.8; 95% CI, −2.1 to 9.6; P = .20) or QLQ-C30 global score (1.9; 95% CI, −4.9 to 8.8; P = .58). At day 100, the FACT-BMT total score was better for shared care (mean difference, 6.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 12.1; P = .02) as was the QLQ-C30 global score (8.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 15.7; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance This randomized clinical trial found that shared care resulted in noninferior NRM at day 100 but similar QOL at day 180, with improved QOL at day 100. These data suggest that shared care is safe, improves QOL early on, and has the potential to become a routine model for post-HCT care. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03244826
Community-Acquired Pneumonia—Reply
Authors: Valerie M. Vaughn, Scott A. Flanders
Journal: JAMA (2025)

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Towards Hand Gesture Recognition Using a Channel-Wise Cumulative Spike Train Image-Driven Model
Authors: Yang Yu, Zeyu Zhou, Yang Xu, Chen Chen, Weichao Guo, Xinjun Sheng
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

Recognizing hand gestures from neural control signals is essential for natural human-machine interaction, which is extensively applied to prosthesis control and rehabilitation. However, establishing associations between the neural control signals of motor units and gestures remains an open question. Here, we propose a channel-wise cumulative spike train (cw-CST) image-driven model (cwCST-CNN) for hand gesture recognition, leveraging the spatial activation patterns of motor unit firings to distinguish motor intentions. Specifically, the cw-CSTs of motor units were decomposed from high-density surface electromyography using a spatial spike detection algorithm and were further reconstructed into images according to their spatial recording positions. Then, the resultant cwCST-images were fed into a customized convolutional neural network to recognize gestures. Additionally, we conducted an experiment involving 10 gestures and 10 subjects and compared the proposed method with 2 root-mean-square (RMS)-based approaches and a cw-CST-based approach, namely, RMS-image-driven convolutional neural network classification model, RMS feature with linear discrimination analysis classifier, and cw-CST discharge rate feature with linear discrimination analysis classifier. The results demonstrated that cwCST-CNN outperformed the other 3 methods with a higher classification accuracy of 96.92% ± 1.77%. Moreover, analysis of cw-CST and RMS features showed that the former had better separability across gestures and consistency considering training and testing datasets. This study provides a new solution and enhances the accuracy of gesture recognition using neural drive signals in human-machine interaction.
COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black Women in the US
Authors: Brittany C. Slatton, Farrah G. Cambrice, Serwaa S. Omowale
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women is a critical public health concern, potentially exacerbating existing health disparities and impacting community-wide vaccination efforts. Objective To explore the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women in the US and identify the specific concerns and experiences shaping hesitant attitudes toward vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants Qualitative study using in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted virtually between June and November 2021. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes from the interview data. Participants were recruited through social media platforms and word-of-mouth referrals from various regions of the US. Interviews were conducted remotely via Zoom. Data were analyzed from June to October 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of key themes associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, identified through thematic analysis of interview data. Results Fifty-four Black women aged 21 to 66 years participated in the study. Most participants (41 [75.9%]) resided in the South. The sample was predominantly well-educated, with 41 (75.9%) holding a bachelor’s degree or higher. Income levels varied, with 16 (29.6%) earning between $40 000 and $59 999 annually. Regarding family structure, 32 participants (59.3%) reported having no children, while 22 (40.7%) had 1 or more children. Three primary themes emerged as being associated with vaccine hesitancy: (1) mistrust in health care and government, rooted in past medical exploitation; (2) concerns over vaccine safety and long-term effects, particularly regarding reproductive health; and (3) ineffective and coercive vaccine communication and promotion. Participants expressed deep-rooted skepticism about being treated as “expendable” in medical research, fears about the rapid vaccine development process, and frustration with coercive vaccine advertisements. Many women desired more comprehensive education about vaccine mechanisms and criticized the use of coercive financial incentives and celebrity endorsements in vaccine promotion. Conclusions and Relevance Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black women requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges historical traumas, provides clear and transparent safety information, and avoids coercive vaccine promotion strategies. These findings emphasize the need for health care practitioners and public health officials to prioritize trust-building, engage community leaders, and tailor interventions to address the unique concerns of Black women to improve vaccine confidence and uptake.
Weight Changes and Heart Failure Risk After Breast Cancer Development
Authors: Wonyoung Jung, Yong-Moon Mark Park, Jonghan Yu, Jung Eun Yoo, In Young Cho, Kyungdo Han, Dong Wook Shin
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

This cohort study assesses the role of postdiagnosis and prediagnosis in weight gain in individuals with higher risk for cardiac dysfunction.
The power of caring touch: from survival to prosocial cooperation
Authors: Michael Griesser, Nigel C Bennett, Judith M Burkart, Daniel W Hart, Natalie Uomini, Miyako H Warrington
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2025)

Cooperation is a pivotal biological phenomenon that occurs in diverse forms. In species that engage in helping, individuals vary in the time they spend together and the degree of their physical proximity, which affects the extent of physical touch between individuals. Here, we propose that touch activates a hormonal feedback loop that supports bond formation and maintenance in mating, parenting, and social contexts. Notably, extended parenting is essential for the emergence of enduring bonds and the development of the prosocial mindset that fosters forms of cooperation with delayed benefits. We incorporate these ideas into the caring-touch hypothesis (CT-H), which emphasizes the role of oxytocin-vasotocin hormones, touch, and enduring bonds in the evolution of different forms of cooperation.
Pre-processing of paleogenomes: mitigating reference bias and postmortem damage in ancient genome data
Authors: Dilek Koptekin, Etka Yapar, Kıvılcım Başak Vural, Ekin Sağlıcan, N. Ezgi Altınışık, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Can Alkan, Mehmet Somel
Journal: Genome biology (2025)

We investigate alternative strategies against reference bias and postmortem damage in low coverage paleogenomes. Compared to alignment to the linear reference genome, we show that masking known polymorphic sites and graph alignment effectively remove reference bias, but only starting from raw read files. We next study approaches to overcome postmortem damage: trimming, rescaling, and our newly developed algorithm, bamRefine (github.com/etkayapar/bamRefine and zenodo.org/records/14234666), masking reads only at positions possibly affected by PMD. We propose graph alignment coupled with bamRefine as a simple strategy to minimize data loss and bias, and urge the community to publish FASTQ files.
Remote Regulation of Molecular Diffusion in Extracellular Space of PD Rat Model by STN-DBS
Authors: Dan Du, Wanyi Fu, Shaoyi Su, Xin Mao, Liu Yang, Meng Xu, Yi Yuan, Yajuan Gao, Ziyao Geng, Yanjing Chen, Mingming Zhao, Yu Fu, Feng Yin, Hongbin Han
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain incompletely understood, particularly regarding the extracellular space (ECS), a critical microenvironment where molecular diffusion and interstitial fluid (ISF) dynamics are essential for neural function. This study aims to explore the regulatory mechanisms of the ECS in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD rats following STN-DBS. To evaluate whether STN-DBS can modulate ECS diffusion and drainage, we conducted quantitative measurements using a tracer-based magnetic resonance imaging. Our findings indicated that, compared to the PD group, STN-DBS treatment resulted in a decreased diffusion coefficient (D*), shorted half-life (T 1/2), and increased clearance coefficient (k') in the SN. To investigate the mechanisms underlying these changes in molecular diffusion, we employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting (WB), and microdialysis techniques. The results revealed that STN-DBS led to an increase in hyaluronic acid content, elevated expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2), and a reduction in extracellular glutamate concentration. Additionally, to further elucidate the mechanisms influencing ISF drainage, we employed immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques for staining aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) and α-synuclein. The results demonstrated that STN-DBS restored the expression of AQP-4 while decreasing the expression of α-synuclein. In conclusion, our findings suggest that STN-DBS improves PD symptoms by modifying the ECS and enhancing ISF drainage in the SN regions. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms and long-term outcomes of DBS in ECS, paving the way for precision therapies.
Targeting WDR5/ATAD2 signaling by the CK2/Ikaros axis demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in T-ALL
Authors: Qi Han, Yan Gu, Huimin Xiang, Linyao Zhang, Yan Wang, Chan Yang, Jun Li, Chelsea Steiner, Rosa Lapalombella, Jennifer A. Woyach, Yiping Yang, Sinisa Dovat, Chunhua Song, Zheng Ge
Journal: Blood (2024)
Noninvasive intracranial source signal localization and decoding with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Hao Zhang, Xue Wang, Guowei Chen, Yanqiu Zhang, Xiqi Jian, Feng He, Minpeng Xu, Dong Ming
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2025)

High spatiotemporal resolution of noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) signals is an important prerequisite for fine brain-computer manipulation. However, conventional scalp EEG has a low spatial resolution due to the volume conductor effect, making it difficult to accurately identify the intent of brain-computer manipulation. In recent years, transcranial focused ultrasound modulated EEG technology has increasingly become a research hotspot, which is expected to acquire noninvasive acoustoelectric coupling signals with a high spatial and temporal resolution. In view of this, this study established a transcranial focused ultrasound numerical simulation model and experimental platform based on a real brain model and a 128-array phased array, further constructed a 3-dimensional transcranial multisource dipole localization and decoding numerical simulation model and experimental platform based on the acoustic field platform, and developed a high-precision localization and decoding algorithm. The results show that the simulation-guided phased-array acoustic field experimental platform can achieve accurate focusing in both pure water and transcranial conditions within a safe threshold, with a modulation range of 10 mm, and the focal acoustic pressure can be enhanced by more than 200% compared with that of transducer self-focusing. In terms of dipole localization decoding results, the proposed algorithm in this study has a localization signal-to-noise ratio of 24.18 dB, which is 50.59% higher than that of the traditional algorithm, and the source signal decoding accuracy is greater than 0.85. This study provides a reliable experimental basis and technical support for high-spatiotemporal-resolution noninvasive EEG signal acquisition and precise brain-computer manipulation.
SNHG16 alleviates pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting the warburg effect through regulating MTCH2 expression: experimental studies
Authors: Wenyong Zhou, Shaohua Wang, Jichun Yang, Qi Shi, Nana Feng, Kaiheng Gao, Wan Posum, Mengkun Shi, Meng Xiang, Meng Shi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: Pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury (PIRI) is a major cause of fatality post-lung transplantation. Though some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been studied in acute lung injury (ALI), their effects on PIRI remain undefined. The present study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) in PIRI. Methods: PIR mouse and OGD/R cell models were established. Exosomes were extracted from human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Functional and rescue experiments were conducted in OGD/R-exposed HPMECs, OGD/R-exposed pulmonary alveolar epithelial type II cells (AECs), and I/R model mice. The relationships among SNHG16, miR-372-3p/miR-373-3p, and MTCH2 were also verified using dual luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down and RIP assay. Results: SNHG16 was downregulated in OGD/R-exposed HPMECs, and SNHG16 overexpression accelerated proliferation, angiogenesis, and ameliorated mitochondrial respiration in OGD/R-exposed HPMECs. HPMEC-derived exosomal SNHG16 suppressed OGD/R-induced type II AEC injury. SNHG16 ameliorated lung injury in PIR mice. Mechanistically, SNHG16 targeted and negatively regulated miR-372-3p and miR-373-3p expression, and MTCH2, a target gene of miR-372-3p/miR-373-3p. SNHG16 was found to upregulate MTCH2 expression not only in a miR-372-3p and miR-373-3p-dependent manner but also suppress ubiquitination induced MTCH2 degradation. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that SNHG16 overexpression suppressed OGD/R-induced HPMEC apoptosis by promoting Warburg effect, and HPMEC-derived exosomal SNHG16 alleviated PIRI through the miR-372-3p/miR-373-3p/MTCH2 axis, suggesting that SNHG16 as a therapeutic target for PIRI.
Phase 1/2 trial of brogidirsen: Dual-targeting antisense oligonucleotides for exon 44 skipping in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Hirofumi Komaki, Eri Takeshita, Katsuhiko Kunitake, Takami Ishizuka, Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi, Akihiko Ishiyama, Masayuki Sasaki, Chihiro Yonee, Shinsuke Maruyama, Eisuke Hida, Yoshitsugu Aoki
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Highlights•Brogidirsen shows dose-dependent dystrophin restoration in DMD patients in a phase 1/2 trial•High-dose brogidirsen reached 24.47% of the normal dystrophin level in the DMD cohort•Plasma biomarkers for DMD were identified, including PADI2, TTN, MYOM2, and MYLPF•Brogidirsen showed high efficiency in DMD urine-derived cells, supporting human trialsSummaryDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene, leading to dystrophin deficiency. Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated exon skipping offers potential by partially restoring dystrophin, though current therapies remain mutation specific with limited efficacy. To overcome those limitations, we developed brogidirsen, a dual-targeting ASO composed of two directly connected 12-mer sequences targeting exon 44 using phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. An open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1/2 trial assessed the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of brogidirsen in six ambulant patients with DMD amenable to exon 44 skipping. Following dose escalation, extended 24-week treatment with 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg yielded dose-dependent increases in dystrophin (16.63% and 24.47% of normal). Functional assessments indicated motor stabilization, and plasma proteomics revealed reductions in peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 (PADI2), titin (TTN), and myomesin 2 (MYOM2), highlighting potential biomarkers. Brogidirsen's efficacy was supported in vitro using urine-derived cells from patients with DMD. These promising results warrant a subsequent trial for DMD. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04129294).Graphical abstract
A novel suture-free nephroplication with 4D-printed biodegradable bag for giant hydronephrosis: initial experience from hydromechanics and clinical application
Authors: Fuxun Zhang, Yong Jiao, Lele Zhang, Zijie Meng, Yang Xiong, Yunhua Ji, Zhirong Luo, Qi Xue, Xuyan Guo, Xiao Tan, Lei Chen, Jiankang He, Bo Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)