tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in Support for Advance Provision and Over-the-Counter Access to Medication Abortion
Authors: M. Antonia Biggs, Rosalyn Schroeder, Shelly Kaller, Daniel Grossman, Karen A. Scott, Lauren J. Ralph
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Since Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization ( Dobbs ) removed federal abortion protections, people’s views about alternative models of abortion care may have been impacted, yet research on this topic is limited. Objective To examine changes in national support for and personal interest in advance provision (AP) and over-the-counter (OTC) access to medication abortion. Design, Setting, and Participants Two nationally representative cross-sectional online surveys were administered to a market research firm’s panel members who were assigned female at birth (AFAB) and aged 15 to 49 years from December 2021 to January 2022 (before Dobbs ) and June to July 2023 (after Dobbs ). Data were analyzed from February 2023 to June 2024. Exposure Completion of survey before and after Dobbs . Main Outcomes and Measures Changes from before to after Dobbs in 4 primary outcome measures were examined: support for and personal interest in AP and OTC access to medication abortion. Results A total of 6982 AFAB people before Dobbs and 3561 after Dobbs completed at least 1 of 4 primary outcome measures. From before to after Dobbs , 2666 (weighted 31.3%) and 1258 (weighted 30.1%) were aged 30 to 39 years, 1395 (21.4%) and 708 (21.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as Hispanic/Latinx, 594 (13.7%) and 304 (13.6%) as Black non-Hispanic/Latinx, and 4504 (54.6%) and 2270 (54.2%) as White non-Hispanic/Latinx. There was a significant increase from before to after Dobbs in national support for AP (48.9% before; 95% CI, 47.1% to 50.6%; 55.1% after; 95% CI, 52.8% to 57.3%) and OTC access (49.4% before; 95% CI, 47.6% to 51.1%; 55.2% after; 95% CI, 52.9% to 57.5%) and an increase in personal interest in AP (23.6% before; 95% CI, 22.2% to 25.1%; 26.4% after; 95% CI, 24.3% to 28.4%) and OTC access (36.0% before; 95% CI, 34.3% to 37.6%; 42.5% after; 95% CI, 40.2% to 44.7%). Among people living in states with abortion bans, larger increases in personal interest in AP (5.3 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 0.5 to 10.3 pp) and OTC access (9.4 pp; 95% CI, 3.9 to 14.9 pp) were observed than among people in states without bans (1.4 pp; 95% CI, −1.7 to 4.6 pp and 5.4 pp; 95% CI, 2.0 to 8.9 pp, respectively). Conclusions and Relevance In this serial cross-sectional analysis of people aged 15 to 49 years before Dobbs and 1 year after Dobbs , findings suggested that national support for expanded access to medication abortion has grown. Alternative models of care, such as AP and OTC, have the potential to offer a promising approach to abortion care, particularly for people living in abortion-restricted states.
Biomarker-Directed Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Icro Meattini, Charlotte E. Coles, Trine Tramm, Simona Borghesi, David Krug, Angel Montero, Valerio Nardone, Viola Salvestrini, Marianna Valzano, Vincenzo Valentini, Cynthia Aristei, Philip Poortmans, Meritxell Arenas, Liesbeth J. Boersma, Yasemin Bolukbasi, Antonella Ciabattoni, Pierfrancesco Franco, Domenico Genovesi, Orit Kaidar Person, Vassilis Kouloulias, Marco Krengli, Maria Cristina Leonardi, Laura Lozza, Fabio Marazzi, Valeria Masiello, Alessio G. Morganti, Birgitte Offersen, Isabella Palumbo, Sara Pedretti, Elisabetta Perrucci, Ivica Ratosa, Sofia Rivera, Maria de Lurdes Garcia Trigo
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Importance Integration of molecular biomarker information into systemic therapy has become standard practice in breast cancer care. However, its implementation in guiding radiotherapy (RT) is slower. Although postoperative RT is recommended for most patients after breast-conserving surgery and, depending on risk factors, following mastectomy, emerging evidence has indicated that patients with low scores on gene expression signatures or selected clinical-pathological features may have very low local recurrence rates. This narrative review explored the potential of biomarker-directed personalized RT approaches, which may optimize treatment strategies and be associated with improved patient outcomes and experiences. Observations Distinctions between prognostic and predictive biomarkers were highlighted, emphasizing the importance of analytical and clinical validity in biomarker-based studies. Findings from studies investigating the prognostic and predictive value of various genomic signatures and immunohistochemical markers for guiding breast RT were presented. These included the Adjuvant Radiotherapy Intensification Classifier and the Profile for the Omission of Local Adjuvant Radiation, which have shown potential in predicting RT benefits. The genomic-adjusted radiation dose and role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were also discussed. Ongoing clinical trials exploring the use of biomarkers in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer to refine RT decision-making were illustrated. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this narrative review suggest that evidence-based shared decision-making is crucial to optimize treatment according to the individual’s predicted benefits and risks along with their personal preferences. Incorporation of biomarker-directed approaches in RT for breast cancer may hold promise for personalized treatment, potentially facilitating omission of RT for patients at low risk of recurrence, while identifying those who may benefit from intensified therapy. This personalized RT approach may be associated with improved clinical outcomes and quality of life and facilitate decision-making for people with breast cancer. However, there remains a need for robust clinical and analytical validation of biomarkers to ensure reliability and clinical utility for RT optimization.
Personalized Dynamic Prediction Model for Biopsy Timing in Patients With Prostate Cancer During Active Surveillance
Authors: Ivo I. de Vos, Daan Nieboer, Mark Frydenberg, Christian P. Pavlovich, Mieke van Hemelrijck, Lui Shiong Lee, Antti Rannikko, Anders Bjartell, Axel Semjonow, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Active surveillance (AS) for patients with prostate cancer (PC) often includes fixed repeat prostate biopsies that do not account for the varying risk of reclassification to significant disease. Given the invasive nature and potential complications of biopsies, a personalized approach is needed to balance the burden of biopsies with the risk of missing disease progression. Objective To develop and externally validate a dynamic model that predicts an individual’s risk of PC reclassification during AS. Design, Setting, and Participants This prognostic study developed a dynamic prediction model using data from the Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study, which was initiated in 2006. Follow-up was truncated until April 2023. External validation was conducted using cohorts from the world’s largest centralized AS database, the Global Action Plan Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance initiative database. The PRIAS study is a multicenter, prospective, web-based cohort study monitoring patients undergoing AS, involving more than 175 academic, nonacademic, and private centers across 23 countries worldwide. For the development and external validation of the model, all patients diagnosed with Grade Group 1 PC who underwent at least 1 baseline or follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1 follow-up biopsy were included. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to January 2024. Exposures AS, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests, MRI, and prostate biopsies according to a fixed follow-up schedule. Main Outcomes and Measures A joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event data was used to predict reclassification to Grade Group 2 or greater on repeat biopsy using predefined baseline and repeated clinical characteristics. Performance was assessed using time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and negative predictive value. Results The development cohort included 2512 patients (median [IQR] age, 65 [59-69] years). Characteristics significantly associated with a higher risk of reclassification were increased age, higher PSA and velocity, lower prostate volume, a suspicious lesion on MRI, and no previous negative biopsy findings. Depending on the threshold and time point used, the model demonstrated a negative predictive value of 86% to 97%. External validation included 3199 patients from 9 other cohorts. The time-dependent area under the curve ranged from 0.81 to 0.84 in the development cohort and 0.52 to 0.90 at external validation. Conclusions and Relevance In this prognostic study, the developed dynamic risk model effectively identified patients at low risk of PC reclassification during AS. After prospective validation, this model may support personalized, risk-based AS and reduce the burden of unnecessary biopsies.
Colorectal Cancer and Central Obesity
Authors: Fatemeh Safizadeh, Marko Mandic, Michael Hoffmeister, Hermann Brenner
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance The proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases attributable to excess weight, known as population attributable fraction (PAF), has been commonly based on measures of body mass index (BMI). Central obesity metrics, such as waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), are potentially better indicators of adiposity and have demonstrated stronger associations with CRC incidence. Objectives To examine PAFs of CRC cases that are attributable to high WC and WHR and compare them to those attributable to high BMI. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based UK Biobank cohort study included 458 543 individuals aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment (March 2006 to July 2010) living within a reasonable distance of the 22 assessment centers across the UK. The analyses were conducted between May and July 2024. Exposures Exposures were BMI, as a measure of general obesity, and WC and WHR, as indicators of central obesity. Main Outcomes and Measures Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were calculated for the associations of BMI, WC, and WHR with CRC incidence. The PAFs and 95% CIs of CRC cases attributable to high BMI, WC, and WHR were also calculated. Results A total of 458 543 participants (median [IQR] age, 57 [50-63] years; 244 351 [53.3%] female) were included in the study. During a median follow-up of 11.8 (IQR, 10.9-12.5) years, 5944 participants were diagnosed with CRC. The HRs for the association with CRC incidence were notably smaller for BMI (HR for the highest vs lowest BMI quartile, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.14-1.33) than for WC (HR for the highest vs lowest WC quartile, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.27-1.49) and WHR (HR for the highest vs lowest WHR quartile, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.29-1.51); these associations became comparable only after accounting for possible reverse causality by excluding the initial years of follow-up. Similarly, the PAF of CRC for high BMI was 9.9% (95% CI, 5.5%-14.4%), substantially lower than the PAFs for high WC and WHR, which were 17.3% (95% CI, 12.3%-22.1%) and 17.6% (95% CI, 12.9%-22.2%), respectively. After excluding the initial 7 years of follow-up, PAF estimates became analogous across all measures of obesity and were 15.7% (95% CI, 8.9%-22.4%) for BMI, 16.9% (95% CI, 9.8%-23.8%) for WC, and 18.0% (95% CI, 11.5%-24.6%) for WHR. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of approximately half a million participants, the PAF of CRC attributable to excess weight, defined as high BMI, was considerably underestimated. The PAFs attributable to WC and WHR were consistent and much higher, underlining the importance of efforts to limit and overcome the obesity epidemic in CRC prevention.
Medicare Coding Changes and Reported Hernia Size
Authors: Alexander Hallway, Erin Isenberg, Ryan Howard, Sean O’Neill, Jenny Shao, Leah Schoel, Michael Rubyan, Anne Ehlers, Dana Telem
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This study examines the association between CMS coding changes that tied the reimbursement schedule for anterior abdominal hernia repair to the size of the hernia and documented hernia size using a population-level statewide hernia data registry.
Vaping
Authors: Kristy Marynak, Elisha Crane, Brenna VanFrank
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-Effectiveness of Noninvasive Colorectal Cancer Screening in Community Clinics
Authors: Pedro Nascimento de Lima, Laura Matrajt, Gloria Coronado, Anne L. Escaron, Carolyn M. Rutter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Several noninvasive tests for colorectal cancer screening are available, but their effectiveness in settings with low adherence to screening and follow-up colonoscopy is not well documented. To assess the cost-effectiveness of and outcomes associated with noninvasive colorectal cancer screening strategies, including new blood-based tests, in a population with low adherence to screening and ongoing surveillance colonoscopy. The validated microsimulation model used for the decision analytical modeling study projected screening outcomes from 2025 to 2124 for a simulated cohort of 10 million individuals aged 50 years in 2025 and representative of a predominantly Hispanic or Latino patient population served by a Federally Qualified Health Center in Southern California. The simulated population had low adherence to first-step noninvasive testing (45%), second-step follow-up colonoscopy after an abnormal noninvasive test result (40%), and ongoing surveillance colonoscopy among patients with high-risk findings at follow-up colonoscopy (80%). Colorectal cancer screening strategies included no screening, an annual or biennial fecal immunochemical test, a triennial multitarget stool DNA test, and a triennial blood-based test. Using a blood-based test was assumed to increase first-step adherence by 17.5 percentage points. Outcomes included colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, life-years gained and quality-adjusted life-years gained relative to no screening, costs, and net monetary benefit assuming a willingness to pay of $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Under realistic adherence assumptions, a program of annual fecal immunochemical testing was the most effective and cost-effective strategy, yielding 121 life-years gained per 1000 screened individuals and a net monetary benefit of $5883 per person. Triennial blood testing was the least effective, yielding 23 life-years gained per 1000, and was not cost-effective, with a negative net monetary benefit. Annual fecal immunochemical testing with 45% first-step adherence and 80% adherence to follow-up and surveillance colonoscopy yielded greater benefit than triennial blood testing with perfect adherence (88 vs 77 life-years gained per 1000). This study suggests that in a federally qualified health care setting, prioritizing the convenience of blood tests over less costly and more effective existing stool-based tests could result in higher costs and worse population-level outcomes. Novel screening modalities should be carefully evaluated for performance in community settings before widespread adoption.
In the Latin
Authors: Luke Johnson Lindley
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unveiling the immunomodulatory dance: endothelial cells’ function and their role in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sophia Daum, Lilith Decristoforo, Mira Mousa, Stefan Salcher, Christina Plattner, Baharak Hosseinkhani, Zlatko Trajanoski, Dominik Wolf, Peter Carmeliet, Andreas Pircher
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

The dynamic interactions between tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and the immune microenvironment play a critical role in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In general, endothelial cells exhibit diverse immunomodulatory properties, influencing immune cell recruitment, antigen presentation, and regulation of immune checkpoint expression. Understanding the multifaceted roles of TECs as well as assigning specific functional hallmarks to various TEC phenotypes offer new avenues for targeted development of therapeutic interventions, particularly in the context of advanced immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic treatments. This review provides insights into the complex interplay between TECs and the immune system in NSCLC including discussion of potential optimized therapeutic opportunities.
Passive transfer of patient-derived anti-nephrin autoantibodies causes a podocytopathy with minimal change lesions
Authors: Felicitas E. Hengel, Silke Dehde, Oliver Kretz, Jonas Engesser, Tom Zimmermann, Tobias B. Huber, Nicola M. Tomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2025)

Conflict of interestFEH, TBH and NMT report a pending patent regarding the measurement of anti-
Digital humanistic program to manage premature frailty in young breast cancer survivors with gender perspective
Authors: Yun Hu, Joshua Wiley, Lulu Jiang, Xiyi Wang, Ran Yi, Jiehui Xu, Yanyan Liu, Aozhou Weng, Futai Zou, Eun-Ok Im
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Premature frailty is a critical challenge for young breast cancer survivors (YBCSs), impacting their health and perpetuating gender inequality through heightened vulnerability and marginalization. While digital health shows promise in frailty screening, its effectiveness for comprehensively managing frailty remains inconclusive. This randomized controlled trial, registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200058823), tests the "AI-TA" program's efficacy on premature frailty and quality of life in YBCSs. The intervention group received a gender- and generation-sensitive program combining artificial intelligence interactions and humanities skills. The control group received 12 weeks of online information support. Both groups improved in frailty dimensions (P < 0.05); the intervention group showed notable enhancements in psychological (P = 0.013) and social frailty (P < 0.001). Quality of life also improved more in the intervention group from T1 to T2 (β = 15.384, 95% CI:13.028-17.740, P < 0.001). Results show a gender- and generation-sensitive digital humanistic program can optimize frailty management, promoting survivorship and gender equity.
Epigenetic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
Authors: Ashley L. Mutchler, Alexandria Porcia Haynes, Mohammad Saleem, Sydney Jamison, Mohd Mabood Khan, Lale Ertuglu, Annet Kirabo
Journal: Circulation Research (2025)

Access to excess dietary sodium has heightened the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly affecting individuals with salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Our research indicates that innate antigen-presenting immune cells contribute to rapid blood pressure increases in response to excess sodium intake. Emerging evidence suggests that epigenetic reprogramming, with subsequent transcriptional and metabolic changes, of innate immune cells allows these cells to have a sustained response to repetitive stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms also steer T-cell differentiation in response to innate immune signaling. Immune cells respond to environmental and nutritional cues, such as salt, promoting epigenetic regulation changes. This article aims to identify and discuss the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the immune system contributing to salt-sensitive hypertension.
Utilization of Telemedicine for Patients Receiving In-center Hemodialysis in the United States
Authors: Jingbo Niu, Omar Rosales, Abiodun Oluyomi, Susie Q. Lew, Glenn M. Chertow, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer, Kevin F. Erickson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)

In March 2020, responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal emergency waivers in the United States enabled kidney care providers (nephrologists and advanced practice providers) to substitute face-to-face in-center hemodialysis visits with telemedicine encounters. We examined whether the frequency of kidney care provider visits and hospitalizations were associated with telemedicine use in hemodialysis care. We used Medicare claims to identify US patients receiving in-center hemodialysis during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined the association between telemedicine use during in-center hemodialysis, the frequency with which kidney care providers visited patients at dialysis four-or-more times per month, and hospitalizations. We also examined whether the association between telemedicine use and visit frequency varied at facilities located in more remote areas. Multivariable regression models adjusted for patient, physician, geographic and dialysis facility characteristics along with the frequency with which kidney care providers saw patients at each facility before the pandemic. We focused on kidney care providers who demonstrated knowledge of how to bill for telemedicine visits by using the telemedicine modifier on prior claims. We identified 1,881 providers who saw patients between 3/2020-6/2021 and were definitively using telemedicine. In the adjusted model, a 35% absolute higher use of telemedicine at a facility (representing one standard deviation difference) was associated with a 1.4% higher rate of four-or-more visits (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) 1.014; 95% Confidence Interval 1.007-1.022). The association between telemedicine use and visit frequency was stronger where travel distances to facilities were farther (interaction p=0.01). There was no significant association between telemedicine use and hospitalizations. The use of telemedicine to care for patients receiving in-center hemodialysis was associated with a slightly higher frequency of four-or-more visits per month but not with hospitalizations; the association with visit frequency was more pronounced in areas where providers had to travel longer distances to see patients in-person.