tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Temporal Dependency Osteogenic Regulation of Dual‐Scale Hierarchical Microstructures on Medical Metal Surface
Authors: Hao Lu, Zhijun Li, Lida Zhu, Peihua Xu, Hai Wang, Yonghao Li, Weidong Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract The structural characteristics at the interface of bone implants can guide biological regulation. In this study, a dual‐scale hierarchical microstructure is proposed and customized using hybrid machining to achieve temporal dependency osteogenic regulation. It is observed that osteoblasts induced by dual‐scale hierarchical structure exhibit adequate protrusion development and rapid cell attachment through the modulation of mechanical forces in the cell growth environment, and further promot the upregulation of the cell membrane receptor PDGFR‐α, which is related to cell proliferation. Afterward, transcriptomic analysis reveals that during the differentiation stage, the DSH structure regulates cellular signaling cascades primarily through integrin adhesion mechanisms and then accelerates osteogenic differentiation by activating the TGF‐β pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. Furthermore, the calcium nodules are preferentially deposited within the lower honeycomb‐like channels, thereby endowing the proposed dual‐scale hierarchical structure with the potential to induce oriented deposition and improve the long‐term stability of the implant.
Delivering non-communicable disease services through primary health care in selected south Asian countries: are health systems prepared?
Authors: Syed Masud Ahmed, Anand Krishnan, Obaida Karim, Kashif Shafique, Nahitun Naher, Sanjida Ahmed Srishti, Aravind Raj, Sana Ahmed, Lal Rawal, Alayne Adams
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)

In the south Asian region, delivering non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control services through existing primary health-care (PHC) facilities is urgently required yet currently challenging. As the first point of contact with the health-care system, PHC offers an ideal window for prevention and continuity of care over the life course, yet the implementation of PHC to address NCDs is insufficient. This review considers evidence from five south Asian countries to derive policy-relevant recommendations for designing integrated PHC systems that include NCD care. Findings reveal high political commitment but poor multisectoral engagement and health systems preparedness for tackling chronic diseases at the PHC level. There is a shortage of skilled human resources, requisite infrastructure, essential NCD medicines and technologies, and dedicated financing. Although innovations supporting integrated interventions exist, such as innovations focusing on community-centric approaches, scaling up remains problematic. To deliver NCD services sustainably, governments must aim for increased financing and a redesign of PHC service.
Effectiveness of historical smallpox vaccination against mpox clade II in men in Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Spain, 2022
Authors: Soledad Colombe, Silvia Funke, Anders Koch, Manon Haverkate, Susana Monge, Anne-Sophie Barret, Aisling Vaughan, Susan Hahné, Catharina van Ewijk, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Sebastian von Schreeb, Asunción Díaz, Carmen Olmedo, Laura Zanetti, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Luis Alves de Sousa, José Hagan, Nathalie Nicolay, Richard Pebody
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

Background In 2022, a global monkeypox virus (MPXV) clade II epidemic occurred mainly among men who have sex with men. Until early 1980s, European smallpox vaccination programmes were part of worldwide smallpox eradication efforts. Having received smallpox vaccine &gt; 20 years ago may provide some cross-protection against MPXV. Aim To assess the effectiveness of historical smallpox vaccination against laboratory-confirmed mpox in 2022 in Europe. Methods European countries with sufficient data on case vaccination status and historical smallpox vaccination coverage were included. We selected mpox cases born in these countries during the height of the national smallpox vaccination campaigns (latest 1971), male, with date of onset before 1 August 2022. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) and corresponding 95% CI for each country using logistic regression as per the Farrington screening method. We calculated a pooled estimate using a random effects model. Results In Denmark, France, the Netherlands and Spain, historical smallpox vaccination coverage was high (80–90%) until the end of the 1960s. VE estimates varied widely (40–80%, I 2 = 82%), possibly reflecting different booster strategies. The pooled VE estimate was 70% (95% CI: 23–89%). Conclusion Our findings suggest residual cross-protection by historical smallpox vaccination against mpox caused by MPXV clade II in men with high uncertainty and heterogeneity. Individuals at high-risk of exposure should be offered mpox vaccination, following national recommendations, regardless of prior smallpox vaccine history, until further evidence becomes available. There is an urgent need to conduct similar studies in sub-Saharan countries currently affected by the MPXV clade I outbreak.
Next-generation lung cancer pathology: Development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms
Authors: Carina Kludt, Yuan Wang, Waleed Ahmad, Andrey Bychkov, Junya Fukuoka, Nadine Gaisa, Mark Kühnel, Danny Jonigk, Alexey Pryalukhin, Fabian Mairinger, Franziska Klein, Anne Maria Schultheis, Alexander Seper, Wolfgang Hulla, Johannes Brägelmann, Sebastian Michels, Sebastian Klein, Alexander Quaas, Reinhard Büttner, Yuri Tolkach
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. In this study, we develop a clinically useful computational pathology platform for NSCLC that can be a foundation for multiple downstream applications and provide immediate value for patient care optimization and individualization. We train the primary multi-class tissue segmentation algorithm on a substantial, high-quality, manually annotated dataset of whole-slide images with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas. We investigate two downstream applications. NSCLC subtyping algorithm is trained and validated using a large, multi-institutional (n = 6), multi-scanner (n = 5), international cohort of NSCLC cases (slides/patients 4,097/1,527). Moreover, we develop four AI-derived, fully explainable, quantitative, prognostic parameters (based on tertiary lymphoid structure and necrosis assessment) and validate them for different clinical endpoints. The computational platform enables the high-precision, quantitative analysis of H&E-stained slides. The developed prognostic parameters facilitate robust and independent risk stratification of patients with NSCLC.
Vancomycin-encapsulated hydrogel loaded microarc-oxidized 3D-printed porous Ti6Al4V implant for infected bone defects: Reconstruction, anti-infection, and osseointegration
Authors: Teng Zhang, Wenhao Zhou, Wanliang Yang, Jingwei Bi, Hao Li, Xianlei Gao, Baoliang Zhang, Guidong Shi, Ka Li, Zhijian Wei, Xin Pan, Shiqing Feng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)
Evaluation of risk prediction models to select lung cancer screening participants in Europe: a prospective cohort consortium analysis
Authors: Xiaoshuang Feng, Patrick Goodley, Karine Alcala, Florence Guida, Rudolf Kaaks, Roel Vermeulen, George S Downward, Catalina Bonet, Sandra M Colorado-Yohar, Demetrius Albanes, Stephanie J Weinstein, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Caroline Relton, Arnulf Langhammer, Anne Heidi Skogholt, Mattias Johansson, Hilary A Robbins
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2024)

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Improving urban health through primary health care in south Asia
Authors: Krishna D Rao, Mohan Bairwa, Akriti Mehta, Sana Hyat, Rushdia Ahmed, Lalini Rajapaksa, Alayne M Adams
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)

South Asia is rapidly urbanising. The strains of rapid urbanisation have profound implications for the health and equity of urban populations. This Series paper examines primary health care (PHC) in south Asian cities. Health and its social determinants vary considerably across south Asian cities and substantial socioeconomic inequities are present. Although cities offer easy geographical access to PHC services, financial hardship associated with health care use and low quality of care are a concern, particularly for low-income residents. Providing better PHC in south Asia requires a multi-sectoral response, with effective and resourced urban local bodies; increased public financing for health care; and new service delivery models aimed at low-income urban communities that involve strengthening public sector services, strengthening government engagement with private providers where necessary, and engaging with low-income communities and the PHC providers that serve them.
Meat consumption and incident type 2 diabetes: an individual-participant federated meta-analysis of 1·97 million adults with 100 000 incident cases from 31 cohorts in 20 countries
Authors: Chunxiao Li, Tom R P Bishop, Fumiaki Imamura, Stephen J Sharp, Matthew Pearce, Soren Brage, Ken K Ong, Habibul Ahsan, Maira Bes-Rastrollo, Joline W J Beulens, Nicole den Braver, Liisa Byberg, Scheine Canhada, Zhengming Chen, Hsin-Fang Chung, Adrian Cortés-Valencia, Luc Djousse, Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier, Huaidong Du, Shufa Du, Bruce B Duncan, J Michael Gaziano, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Atsushi Goto, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Tommi Härkänen, Maryam Hashemian, Frank B Hu, Till Ittermann, Ritva Järvinen, Maria G Kakkoura, Nithya Neelakantan, Paul Knekt, Martin Lajous, Yanping Li, Dianna J Magliano, Reza Malekzadeh, Loic Le Marchand, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Miguel A Martinez-Gonzalez, Gertraud Maskarinec, Gita D Mishra, Noushin Mohammadifard, Gráinne O'Donoghue, Donal O'Gorman, Barry Popkin, Hossein Poustchi, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Norie Sawada, Maria Inês Schmidt, Jonathan E Shaw, Sabita Soedamah-Muthu, Dalia Stern, Lin Tong, Rob M van Dam, Henry Völzke, Walter C Willett, Alicja Wolk, Canqing Yu, Nita G Forouhi, Nicholas J Wareham
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)

Meat consumption could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, evidence is largely based on studies of European and North American populations, with heterogeneous analysis strategies and a greater focus on red meat than on poultry. We aimed to investigate the associations of unprocessed red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with type 2 diabetes using data from worldwide cohorts and harmonised analytical approaches.
The state of primary health care in south Asia
Authors: Shankar Prinja, Neha Purohit, Navneet Kaur, Lalini Rajapaksa, Malabika Sarker, Raza Zaidi, Sara Bennett, Krishna D Rao
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)

The south Asian region (SAR) is home to 1·74 billion people, corresponding to 22% of the global population. The region faces several challenges pertaining to changing epidemiology, rapid urbanisation, and social and economic concerns, which affect health outcomes. Primary health care (PHC) is a cost-effective strategy to respond to these challenges through integrated service delivery, multi-sectoral action, and empowered communities. The PHC approach has historically been an important cornerstone of health policy in SAR countries. However, the region is yet to fully reap the benefits of PHC-oriented health systems. Our introductory paper in this Lancet Series on PHC in the SAR describes the existing PHC delivery structure in five SAR nations (ie, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) and critically appraises PHC performance to identify its enablers and barriers. The paper proposes investing in a shared culture of innovation and collaboration for revitalisation of PHC in the region.
Sociodemographic and health-related differences in non-diabetic hyperglycaemia and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in England during 2013–19: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Emma Campbell, Ellie Macey, Caitlin Kneebone-Hopkins, Chris Shine, Vahé Nafilyan, Nicholas Brown, Martin White, Ross Jones, Kamlesh Khunti, Katie Finning
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)
Mpox outbreaks in Africa constitute a public health emergency of continental security
Authors: Nicaise Ndembi, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Ngashi Ngongo, Francine Ntoumi, Dimie Ogoina, Maha El Rabbat, Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele, Jean Kaseya
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2024)
Porto-sinusoidal vascular liver disorder with portal hypertension: Natural History and Long-Term Outcome.
Authors: Marta Magaz, Heloïse Giudicelli-Lett, Juan G. Abraldes, Oana Nicoară-Farcău, Fanny Turon, Neil Rajoriya, Ashish Goel, Karlien Raymenants, Sophie Hillaire, Luis Téllez, Laure Elkrief, Bogdan Procopet, Lara Orts, Filipe Nery, Akash Shukla, Hélène Larrue, Helena Degroote, Victoria Aguilera, Elba Llop, Laura Turco, Federica Indulti, Stefania Gioia, Giulia Tosetti, Niccolò Bitto, Chiara Becchetti, Edilmar Alvarado, Cristina Roig, Raquel Diaz, Michael Praktiknjo, Anna-Lena Konicek, Pol Olivas, José Ignacio Fortea, Helena Masnou, Ángela Puente, Alba Ardèvol, Carmen A. Navascués, Marta Romero-Gutiérrez, Bernhard Scheiner, Georg Semmler, Mattias Mandorfer, Filipe Damião, Anna Baiges, Asunción Ojeda, Macarena Simón-Talero, Carlos González-Alayón, Alba Díaz, Ángeles García-Criado, Andrea De Gottardi, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Joan Genescà, Nicolas Drilhon, Carlos Noronha Ferreira, Thomas Reiberger, Manuel Rodríguez, Rosa María Morillas, Javier Crespo, Jonel Trebicka, Rafael Bañares, Càndid Villanueva, Annalisa Berzigotti, Massimo Primignani, Vincenzo La Mura, Oliviero Riggio, Filippo Schepis, Xavier Verhelst, José Luis Calleja, Christophe Bureau, Agustín Albillos, Frederik Nevens, Virginia Hernández-Gea, Dhiraj Tripathi, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Juan Carlos García-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)
Safety and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors in people with HIV infection and cancer: insights from the national prospective real-world OncoVIHAC ANRS CO24 cohort study
Authors: Lambert Assoumou, Raghiatou Baldé, Christine Katlama, Baptiste Abbar, Pierre Delobel, Thierry Allegre, Armelle Lavole, Alain Makinson, Olivia Zaegel-Faucher, Laurent Greillier, Cathia Soulie, Marianne Veyri, Mathilde Bertheau, Michèle Algarte Genin, Séverine Gibowski, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Kevin Bihan, Marine Baron, Dominique Costagliola, Olivier Lambotte, Jean-Philippe Spano
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a major advance in cancer management. However, we still lack prospective real-world data regarding their usage in people with HIV infection (PWH). Methods The ANRS CO24 OncoVIHAC study ( NCT03354936 ) is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study in France of PWH with cancer treated with ICI. We assessed the incidence of grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events (irAEs). All grade ≥3 irAEs were reviewed by an event review. Results Between January 17, 2018, and December 05, 2023, 150 participants were recruited from 33 sites and 140 were included in this analysis. At the data cut-off date of December 05, 2023, the median follow-up was 9.2 months (IQR: 3.9–18.3), with a total of 126.2 person-years. Median age was 59 years (IQR: 54–64) and 111 (79.3%) were men. Median time since HIV diagnosis was 25 years (12–31), the median duration on antiretroviral (ARV) was 19.5 years (7.7–25.4), and the CD4 nadir was 117/µL (51–240). ICI regimens comprised anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) for 111 (79.3%) participants, anti-programmed death-ligand 1 for 25 (17.9%), a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 for 3 (2.1%), and anti-PD-1 along with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor for 1 (0.7%). The most frequent cancers were lung (n=65), head/neck (n=15), melanoma (n=12), liver (n=11) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=9). During follow-up, a total of 34 grade ≥3 irAEs occurred in 20 participants, leading to an incidence rate of 26.9 per 100 person-years. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the proportion of participants with at least one episode of grade ≥3 irAEs were 13.8% at 6 months, 15.0% at 12 months and 18.7% at 18 months. One treatment-related death due to myocarditis was reported (0.7%). Multivariable analysis of cumulative incidence showed that participants with time since HIV diagnosis &gt;17 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=4.66, p=0.002), with CD4&lt;200 cells/µL (IRR=4.39, p&lt;0.0001), with positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology (IRR=2.76, p=0.034), with history of cancer surgery (IRR=3.44, p=0.001) had a higher risk of incidence of grade ≥3 irAEs. Conclusion This study showed that the incidence of a first episode of grade ≥3 irAE was 15.0% (95% CI: 9.6% to 22.9%) at 1 year and the cumulative incidence of all severe irAE episodes was 26.9 per 100 person-years. Low CD4 count, positive CMV serology, history of cancer surgery and a longer time since HIV diagnosis were associated with the occurrence of severe irAEs.
TRANSFUSION-INDUCED HLA SENSITISATION IN WAITLIST PATIENTS AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: Michelle Willicombe, David J. Roberts
Journal: Kidney International (2024)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) sensitization remains an impediment to successful solid organ transplantation, whether it be chances of receiving a transplant offer or subsequent transplant longevity. Current treatments targeting HLA antibodies lack long-term effectiveness; therefore, preventing HLA sensitization should remain a priority in all potential wait-list candidates and transplant recipients. Recent advances in the management of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease may reduce the need for red cell transfusions. However, data from several anemia intervention studies of novel therapeutic agents have shown that a need for transfusion will remain. It has also been increasingly recognized that blood transfusions following kidney transplantation, especially in the peri-operative period, are common. Routine data on transfusion incidence, indications, and outcomes are not captured by most kidney and transplant registries across the globe. This restricts the evidence to inform both clinicians and patients on the clinical effects of transfusion, which have been considered both an allogeneic stimulus and to be immunomodulatory.This review aims to provide an update on what is currently known about transfusion-induced HLA sensitization in wait-list candidates and transplant recipients, summarizes where evidence is lacking, and demonstrates the distinct need for patient blood management guidelines in the field of kidney transplantation.
Indels: computational methods, evolutionary dynamics, and biological applications
Authors: Benjamin D Redelings, Ian Holmes, Gerton Lunter, Tal Pupko, Maria Anisimova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Insertions and deletions constitute the second most important source of natural genomic variation. Insertions and deletions make up to 25% of genomic variants in humans and are involved in complex evolutionary processes including genomic rearrangements, adaptation, and speciation. Recent advances in long-read sequencing technologies allow detailed inference of insertions and deletion variation in species and populations. Yet, despite their importance, evolutionary studies have traditionally ignored or mishandled insertions and deletions due to a lack of comprehensive methodologies and statistical models of insertions and deletion dynamics. Here, we discuss methods for describing insertions and deletion variation and modeling insertions and deletions over evolutionary time. We provide practical advice for tackling insertions and deletions in genomic sequences and illustrate our discussion with examples of insertions and deletion-induced effects in human and other natural populations and their contribution to evolutionary processes. We outline promising directions for future developments in statistical methodologies that would allow researchers to analyze insertions and deletion variation and their effects in large genomic data sets and to incorporate insertions and deletions in evolutionary inference.
Impact of Right Ventricular Pressure Overload on Myocardial Stiffness Assessed by Natural Wave Imaging
Authors: Maelys Venet, Aimen Malik, Samantha Gold, Naiyuan Zhang, Josh Gopaul, John Dauz, Kana Yazaki, Matteo Ponzoni, John G Coles, Jason T Maynes, Mei Sun, Alison Howell, Rajiv Chaturvedi, Luc Mertens, Dariusz Mroczek, Kiyoshi Uike, Jerome Baranger, Mark K Friedberg, Olivier Villemain
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2024)

Right ventricular (RV) hemodynamic performance determines the prognosis of patients with RV pressure overload. Using ultrafast ultrasound, natural wave velocity (NWV) induced by cardiac valve closure was proposed as a new surrogate to quantify myocardial stiffness.
Microneedles as Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Enhancing Skin Disease Treatment
Authors: Chaoxiong Wu, Qingyu Yu, Chenlu Huang, Fangzhou Li, Linhua Zhang, Dunwan Zhu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2024)

Microneedles (MNs) serve as a revolutionary paradigm in transdermal drug delivery, heralding a viable resolution to the formidable barriers presented by the cutaneous interface. This review examines MNs as an advanced approach to enhancing dermatological pathology management. It explores the complex dermis structure and highlights the limitations of traditional transdermal methods, emphasizing MNs' advantage in bypassing the stratum corneum to deliver drugs directly to the subdermal matrix. The discourse outlines the diverse typologies of MNs, including solid, coated, hollow, hydrogel, and dissolvable versions. Each type is characterized by its unique applications and benefits. The treatise details the deployment of MNs in the alleviation of cutaneous cancers, the administration of inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, and their utility in wound management. Additionally, the paper contemplates the prospects of MNs within the realm of aesthetic dermatology and the burgeoning market traction of cosmetic MN formulations. The review summarizes the scientific and commercial challenges to the clinical adoption of MN therapeutics, including dosage calibration, pharmacodynamics, biocompatibility, patient compliance, sterilization, mass production, and regulatory oversight. It emphasizes the need for ongoing research, innovation, and regulatory harmonization to overcome these obstacles and fully realize MNs' potential in treating skin diseases and improving patient welfare. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the recent accomplishments, remaining challenges, and future prospects in the realm of microneedle-facilitated therapy for skin afflictions.