tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction in Fatal Pulmonary Embolism and Venous Thrombosis by Perioperative Administration of Subcutaneous Heparin
Authors: Rory Collins, Alison Scrimgeour, Salim Yusuf, Richard Peto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

DURING prolonged general anesthesia and any period of limited mobility following surgery, thrombus formation may be initiated in the deep veins of the legs. Studies employing Radio-labeled fibrinogen or venography have revealed deep-vein thrombosis in 20 to 30 percent of patients who have undergone general surgery and in an even larger proportion of patients who have had orthopedic surgery.1 2 3 Most such thromboses are subclinical and resolve completely when mobility is restored, although some do produce permanent valvular damage and chronic venous insufficiency. A few, however, may travel to the lungs and, depending on how much of the pulmonary circulation is . . .
Abstract MP043: Awareness of Hypertension and Determinants of Treatment in a Community-Based Observational Sample in Da Nang, Viet Nam
Authors: Zachary P Boas, Annette L Fitzpatrick, Quang V Ngo, James P Logerfo
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Hypertension in Viet Nam is becoming an increasing source of mortality and morbidity. While data collection on hypertension in resource poor environments has been improving through the use of standardized surveys, little is known about how well treatments are being applied. Knowledge of gaps in diagnosis and treatment is necessary if appropriate public health programs are to developed. Using a community based observational sample in the Da Nang province of Viet Nam, we studied both the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension, as well as the types of treatment those with hypertension received. Methods: Randomized cluster sampling methods were used to identify adults age 35 years and older in six communes of Da Nang province, Viet Nam. Using World Health Organization guidelines, data were collected on subject’s demographics, medical history, blood pressure and health behaviors. Subjects were also instructed to bring all medications they take regularly which were then recorded. Separate multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify both factors associated with awareness of hypertension as well as factors influencing whether one received medical therapy. Results: The initial survey examined 1,621 adults with 557 (34.5%) having hypertension. Of those, only 232 (41.7%) were aware of the diagnosis. Being male (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36–0.75), older (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02–1.05 per year) and having a low income (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05–1.16 per million dong/month) were each independently associated with being unaware of one’s hypertension. Of those who were aware of their hypertension, 212 (91.4%) had been recommended some behavioral modification (exercise, decreased sodium intake, smoking cessation, or weight loss). Two-thirds (152/229) reported having taken antihypertensives in the past two weeks. Reported use of medication differed by region, 109/150 (72.7%) in urban regions versus 43/79 (54.4%) in rural/mixed-urban regions (p&lt;0.05), but was not associated with any other demographic. Eighty-nine (38.9%) of those aware of their hypertension had adequately controlled blood pressure when evaluated, and this did not differ based on reported medication use. We were able to determine the actual medications used in 91 of the 152 (59.9%). Seven people were on dual therapy, the remainder were on monotherapy. Calcium channel blockers (54, 59.3%) and ACE inhibitors (36, 39.6%) were the most common therapies. Conclusions: Undiagnosed hypertension remains a major health problem in the Da Nang province of Viet Nam. The vast majority of those aware of their hypertension were receiving at least some level of behavioral modification with a smaller, but substantial, majority receiving medications. Screening programs focused on young and poor men may be a rich target for improving hypertension control in Viet Nam.
Abstract 14227: Glyoxalase-1 Overexpression in Bone Marrow Cells Restores Defective Neovascularization in Type I Diabetes
Authors: Branka Vulesevic, Joanne E McBane, Michele Geoffrion, Drew Kuraitis, Ross W Milne, Erik J Suuronen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Methylglyoxal, commonly accumulated in diabetics, disrupts bone marrow (BM) cell function, contributing to the defective neovascularization observed in diabetes. This study assessed whe...
Meta-analysis of diabetes care in general practice
Authors: I. Barlow, S. Beer, N. Summerton, K. Khunti, S. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Editor—A meta-analysis of diabetes care in the community concluded that unstructured care is associated with poorer follow up, worse glycaemic control, and greater morbidity than is in-hospital care.1 The article emphasised that the transfer of responsibility for diabetes to general practice without adequate support is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Such support is essential in the monitoring of the quality of community based glucose assays, although this was not specifically referred to in the article.

In 1987, as a consequence of a patient’s death, the Scottish Health Service issued a safety hazard notice relating to the incorrect use of glucose meters.2 Key messages in the notice include ensuring that staff using the meters are fully trained and that quality control procedures are adopted. In response to this our laboratory developed a quality control scheme to monitor the performance of meters and users across our two hospital sites. The scheme entails distributing, fortnightly, sterile horse blood supplemented with glucose, and it has been effective in identifying poor user technique and malfunctioning meters, thereby helping to assure the quality of bedside glucose assays.

Recognising that glucose meters in use in general practice surgeries were not subject to formal quality control measures, which potentially puts patients in the community at risk, we decided to pilot our scheme to a general practice that was routinely using six glucose meters. Shortly after initiating the pilot scheme we identified a malfunctioning meter, which was giving an average systematic positive bias of 15% (table), and we arranged for its replacement. Internal quality control performance, for which the aqueous material supplied by the manufacturer was used, was within acceptable ranges throughout this period. 

Two important issues emerge from this work. Firstly, all glucose meters, irrespective of their location, must be subject to formal quality control measures. Secondly, the quality of results cannot be assured by sole reliance on analysis of the manufacturer’s aqueous quality control material. All laboratories involved in the quality control of glucose meters should consider extending such schemes into the community.
A Fully Human Antagonist Anti-CD40 Antibody Triggers Significant Antitumor Activity Against Human Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Yu-Tzu Tai, Xian-Feng Li, Xia Tong2, Laurence Catley, Daniel Santos, Olivier Tournilhac, Robert Schlossman, Paul Richardson, Nikhil C. Munshi, Mohammad Luqman2, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2004)
Training programmes in countries overseas should be supported
Authors: J B. Coulter, J. Cox, T. Goodacre, N. Harrison, A. Hilton, G. Griffin, J. Guy, A. Jefferies, N. Leigh, A. Marston, C. Milford, E. Parry, P. Poore, J. Rennie, B. Ribeiro, T. Ryan, P. Sissons, R. Southwell, I. Todd
Journal: BMJ (1996)

FceRI-P polymorphisms unlikely to contribute substantially to genetic risk of allergic disease EDITOR,-M R Hill and colleagues report the association between a variant of the gene for the 1B chain of the high affinity receptor for IgE (FCeRI-O) with the Leu 181/Leu 183 polymorphism and atopy in an Australian population.'They suggest that polymorphism in FcsRI-is one factor that can be used to assign genetic risk of atopy.This group has previously suggested that Leu 181 may be associated with atopy in the British population.2As part ofa study examining the relation between 12 adrenoceptor polymorphisms and airway reactivity3 we recently screened a population of asthmatic patients for FcERI-3 polymorphisms.Polymerase chain reaction based on the amplification refractory mutation system failed to identify any subjects with either the Leu 181 or the Leu 181/ Leu 183 polymorphism.We therefore proceeded to direct sequencing of this region of FcsRI-to ensure that our ability to detect the Leu 181 polymorphism was not due to problems with the method.None of our 65 asthmatic subjects, however, had either the Leu 181 or the Leu 183 substitution on direct sequencing.Of these 65 subjects, 41 fulfilled Hill and colleagues' criteria for atopy, although all had a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second after challenge with methacholine.These results suggest that, while FcsRI-P polymorphisms may contribute to the atopic phenotype in defined populations, they are unlikely to contribute substantially to the genetic risk of allergic disease in the population at large.
Drugs and Pheochromocytoma — Don't Be Fooled by Every Elevated Metanephrine
Authors: Nicola M. Neary, Kathryn S. King, Karel Pacak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A woman with a genetic predisposition to pheochromocytoma was receiving venlafaxine, which can increase plasma metanephrine levels. Before blood is drawn to determine metanephrine and catecholamine levels, medications that might interfere with results should be discontinued.
Abstract 8530: Effect of Erythropoietin on Level of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Outcome in Patients After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hon-Kan Yip
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) enhances circulating level of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) which has been reported to be associated with prognostic outcome in ischemic stroke (IS) patients. This study aimed at evaluating the time course of circulating EPC level and the impact of EPO therapy on EPC level and clinical outcome in patients after acute IS. Methods: Totally 196 patients were prospectively randomized to receive either EPO therapy (group 1) (5,000 IU each time, subcutaneously) at 48h and 72h after acute IS, or serve as placebo (group 2). Circulating level of EPCs [double-stained markers: CD31/CD34 (E 1 ), CD62E/CD34 (E 2 ) and KDR/CD34 (E 3 )] was determined using flow cytometry at 48h and on days 7 and 21 after IS. EPC level was also evaluated once in 60 healthy volunteers. Results: Circulating EPC (E 1 −E 3 ) level at 48h after IS was remarkably higher in patients than in control subjects (p&lt;0.02). At 48h and on day 7 after IS, EPC (E 1 −E 3 ) level did not differ between groups 1 and 2 (all p&gt;0.1). However, by day 21, EPC (E 1 −E 3 ) level was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2 (all p&lt;0.03). Additionally, 90-day recurrent stroke rate was notably lower in group 1 compared with group 2 (p=0.022). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that EPO therapy [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.153 to 0.730; p=0.006] and EPC (E3) (95% CI, 0.341 to 0.997; p=0.049) level were significantly and independently predictive of reduced 90-day major adverse neurological event (MANE) (defined as recurrent stroke, National Institutes of Health Stroke scale≥8, or death). Conclusions: EPO therapy significantly improved circulating EPC level and 90-day MANE (The following Figure shows the schematic overview of the trial protocol).
Abstract 9418: Selective p38 Inhibitor Administered During Ischemia, but Not Reperfusion, Effectively Attenuates Fatal Arrhythmia in Rats with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Sirirat Surinkaew, Sarawut Kumphune, Siriporn Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) has been shown to play an important role in facilitating myocardial infarction process in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Inhibition of p38 prior to ischemia has been shown as cardioprotective. However, the benefit of inhibition of p38 after ischemia or during reperfusion is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of p38 at different times during I/R can attenuate ventricular fibrillation (VF) incidence and reduce the infarct size. Methods: Adult Wistar rats were subject to 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, followed by 120-min reperfusion. A p38 inhibitor, SB203580, was given intravenously (2-mg/kg) either at 15 minutes before ischemia (pretreatment group), 15 minutes after LAD occlusion (ischemia group), or at onset of reperfusion. Saline was used as a vehicle in each group. Electrocardiogram was recorded and the arrhythmia score was analyzed based on the frequency and duration of arrhythmias detected (1 is lowest and 5 was highest arrhythmia incidence). The infarct size was determined in each heart. Results: SB203580 given before LAD occlusion and during ischemia significantly decreased the overall arrhythmia score and the incidence of VT/VF, compared with the vehicle-treated group (Figure). However, SB203580 given at onset of reperfusion did not show this benefit. The time to VT/VF onset was not changed for SB203580 treated at any time, compared to the vehicle. Unlike arrhythmia incidence, the infarct size was markedly decreased in SB203580 -treated rats in all groups. Conclusion: Although SB203580 could markedly decrease the infarct size when administered before or after LAD occlusion, as well as during reperfusion, it could only effectively attenuate the fatal arrhythmias when given only prior to LAD occlusion and during ischemia. These findings indicate the crucial role of the timing of p38 inhibition in preventing fatal arrhythmia in an I/R model.
Abstract 16039: Action Potential Propagation in Monolayers of Cardiac Myocytes Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Matthew Klos, Luqia Hou, Ge Lei, Sherry Morgenstern, Jose Jalife, Todd Herron
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (ES-CM) have been extensively characterized at the single cell level. However, there has been no systematic study of action potential propagation through ES-CM cells that have formed an electrical syncytium. We generated monolayers of ES-CMs and tested the following hypotheses: 1) ES-CM monolayer electrophysiology will be similar to neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). 2.) ES-CM monolayers can generate sustained reentry. Methods: ES-CM were purchased from Lonza and used to generate 13 monolayers (18x18 mm2). Optical mapping (Di-8ANEPPS, 40 μmol/L, 200 fps) and confocal Ca2+ imaging (10μM Fluo-4, 150 fps) were performed 3–5 days after plating. Monolayers were immuno-stained for connexin40 (Cx40), Cx43, and α-actinin. Students paired t-test was used to determine statistical significance. All data are presented as mean ± SD Results: Immunostaining revealed Cx43, but not Cx40. ES-CM monolayers (12/13) had rhythmic activity maintained by a single pac...
Contested boundaries of bipolar disorder and the limits of categorical diagnosis in psychiatry
Authors: D Blacker, M T Tsuang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The authors' primary objective is to outline the phenomenology, importance, and available data on issues concerning the boundaries between bipolar disorder and diagnoses such as schizophrenia, unipolar depression, and personality disorders. In addition, by illuminating the many difficulties with the boundaries of one of psychiatry's more robust diagnoses, they hope to awaken in the reader a healthy skepticism about current psychiatric nosology. For a topic of this scope, a literature review must be selective. For each boundary area, a mixture of classic and recent papers covering a range of validating criteria is included whenever possible. Good summary data are cited when available, as are a selection of relevant theoretical papers. The review indicates that current diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder are generally reasonable, but there are many problem areas, most of which cannot be solved by changes in criteria. Notable among these are 1) the possibility of future manic episodes in unipolar disorder, 2) schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, and 3) borderline personality disorder with prominent mood swings. The disputes concerning the boundaries of bipolar disorder illustrate the limitations of categorical diagnosis which result from the implementation of diagnostic criteria, the criteria themselves, the fundamental nosologic process, and the phenomena themselves. If these limitations are to be extended, it may be necessary to explore alternative ways of defining psychiatric diagnoses for different settings in research and clinical practice.
Abstract 3562: Chronic Pressure Overload in Rats Reduces Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but not Coupling to ATP-Production
Authors: Michael Schwarzer, Andrea Schrepper, Gloria Faerber, Friedrich W Mohr, Torsten Doenst
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Two mitochondrial mechanisms have been suggested for the development of pressure overload contractile dysfunction: mitochondrial dysfunction through uncoupling or through reduced oxidative phosphor...
A Randomized Comparison of the Clinical and Hormonal Effects of Two GnRH Agonists in Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: J.M. Kuhn, H. Abourachid, P. Brucher, J.C. Doutres, J. Fretin, A. Jaupitre, R. Jorest, D. Lambert, J. Petit, J. Pin, J. Blumberg, F. Dufour-Esquerré
Journal: European Urology (1997)
Combined assessment of T-wave alternans and late potentials used to predict arrhythmic events after myocardial infarction
Authors: Takanori Ikeda, Takao Sakata, Mitsuaki Takami, Naoki Kondo, Naoki Tezuka, Takeshi Nakae, Mahito Noro, Yoshihisa Enjoji, Ryoji Abe, Kaoru Sugi, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Abstract P39: Withdrawal of Life Support and Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation Status After Successful Resuscitation From the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Romergryko G Geocadin, Rebecca F Gottesman, Hans A Puttgen, Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph P Ornato, Scott Carey
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) remains low. Declaration of DNAR status and withdrawal of life supporting therapies (WLST) after ROSC during in-hospital resuscitation impa...
Abstract 11210: Effects of NTC-801, a Selective KACh Channel Blocker, on Atrial Fibrillation in A Canine Model of Rapid Atrial Pacing: A Comparison with Dofetilide and Flecainide
Authors: Wataru Yamamoto, Norio Hashimoto, Junji Matsuura, Taiichi Machida, Yasuhiro Ogino, Tsunefumi Kobayashi, Yoshihiro Yamanaka, Norihisa Ishiwata, Toru Yamashita, Kojiro Tanimoto, Shunichiro Miyoshi, Haruaki Nakaya, Satoshi Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The acetylcholine (ACh) receptor-activated K+ current (IK,ACh) is a novel candidate for atrial-specific antiarrhythmic therapy. It is not determined whether ACh receptor-activated K+ (KACh) channel...
Abstract 16615: Oxidative Modification of the Proteins Related to ATP Synthesis Leads to the Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Sahoko Ichihara, Jie Chang, Chisa Ando, Kentaro Kuzuya, Gaku Ichihara, Shinji Oikawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Under a hypothesis that inflammation enhanced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation plays an essential role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, we investigated ROS-in...
A multicenter effort to identify driver mutations and employ targeted therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinomas: The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC).
Authors: Bruce E. Johnson, Mark G. Kris, Lynne D Berry, David J. Kwiatkowski, Anthony John Iafrate, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Ignacio Ivan Wistuba, Wilbur A. Franklin, Marc Ladanyi, Pei-Fang Su, Lecia V. Sequist, Fadlo Raja Khuri, Edward B. Garon, William Pao, Charles M. Rudin, Joan H. Schiller, Eric B. Haura, Giuseppe Giaccone, John D. Minna, Paul A. Bunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8019 Background: The detection of driver mutations in the EGFR and ALK genes and targeted therapy has transformed treatment of lung cancer. The LCMC was established in 2009 to assay lung adenocarcinomas for driver genomic alterations in 10 genes and to study and treat patients by their molecular subtypes. Methods: The 14-member LCMC enrolled patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung and tested their tumors in CLIA laboratories for KRAS, EGFR, HER2, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT1, MEK1, and NRAS mutations using multiplexed assays, and for ALK rearrangements and MET amplifications using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: 1,102 eligible patients were enrolled; 1,007 underwent testing for at least one genomic alteration with 733 undergoing testing for all 10 genes. 600 patients were women (60%) with a median age of 63; 341 were never smokers (34%) and 589 former smokers (58%). A driver alteration was detected in 622 (62%) of the 1,007 with any genotyping, and in 465 (63%) of the 733 fully genotyped cases. Among the tumors with full genotyping, drivers were found as follows: KRAS 182 (25%), sensitizing EGFR 107 (15%), ALK rearrangements 56 (8%), other EGFR 43 (6%), two genes 29 (4%), BRAF 16 (2%), HER2 15 (2%), PIK3CA 6 (1%), MET amplification 5 (1%), NRAS 5 (1%), MEK1 1 (&lt;1%), and AKT1 0 (0%). Results were used to select targeted therapy or targeted trials in 279 patients with a driver alteration (28% of 1,007 total). Among 938 patients with clinical follow-up and treatment information, 264 with a driver alteration treated with a targeted agent had a median survival of 3.5 years; 313 with a driver who did not receive targeted therapy had a median survival of 2.4 years; while 361 without an identified driver had a median survival of 2.1 years (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: An actionable driver alteration was detected in 62% of tumors from patients with lung adenocarcinomas, leading to use of a targeted therapy in 28%. The patients with an identified driver treated with a targeted agent lived longer than those patients who did not receive targeted therapy. Multiplexed genomic testing can aid physicians in matching patients with targeted treatments and appropriate clinical trials.
Giant Left Ventricular Aneurysm as a Late Complication of Inferior Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Francis J. Alenghat
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Abstract #3079 Francis J. Alenghat, Michael M. Givertz, Brigham &amp; Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA Francis J. Alenghat, 2009 Finalist and Presenting Author
Relation between height and weight centiles may be more useful
Authors: J A Hulse, S. Schilg
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The safety profile and observed high acceptability of products containing desogestrel or gestodene allow their continued use, subject to thorough, unbiased counselling in the context of all the recent studies and the letter from the Committee on Safety of Medicines.10The faculty is committed to developing evidence based guidelines, and until further data are available it endorses the guidelines given in the box.