tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics and the Problems of Medical Management
Authors: Samuel Jiro Kimura, Ernest Krum Goodner
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1919: Arrhythmic Risk in MADIT II Patients: Role of Infarct size and Heterogeneity
Authors: Chizor Iwuchukwu, Saadi Siddiqi, Hitender Jain, Sunil Mathew, Jeannette McLaughlin, William Schapiro, Jing Han, Thomas O'Donnell, Yi Wang, Steven M Greenberg, Stuart Schecter, Vinny Jayam, David H Hoch, Joseph Levine, Nathaniel Reichek
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Forensic Medicine And Toxicology.
Authors: J. Dixon Mann
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atypical antipsychotics
Authors: S. Kapur, G. Remington
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 1371 

An infectious optimism has infused the field of schizophrenia with the availability of the new “atypical” antipsychotics. However, an article by Geddes et al in this issue provides sobering evidence which questions this (p 1371).1 By pooling data from 52 controlled studies comparing atypical antipsychotics with the old typical antipsychotics in 12 000 patients, Geddes et al. failed to find any clinically significant evidence of superiority in efficacy, or for that matter tolerability, for atypical antipsychotics as a group, once the inappropriately high doses of the comparator were taken into account.

The results are even more sobering given the fact that most of these trials were conducted in patients who had already had a history of partial response to typical antipsychotics—thus having an inherent bias against the older typical antipsychotics. On the other hand, prescription data suggest that atypical antipsychotics account for nearly three out of four new prescriptions for antipsychotics in North America. So, how can we reconcile this large shift in prescribing practices (at least in North America) with the sobering evidence provided by Geddes et …
Authors' reply
Authors: A J Lees, J Head, Y Ben-Shlomo
Journal: BMJ (1996)

deamination and auto-oxidation.It has been suggested that selegiline reduces oxidative stress and thus might be beneficial in parkinsonism.Catechols, including dopamine and levodopa, are known to be cytotoxic.We have investigated whether selegiline protects neurones against toxicity induced by dopamine or levodopa in SH-SY5Y catecholaminergic neuroblastoma cells.We found that in fact selegiline exacerbated the toxicity induced by dopamine, even though selegiline itself at a concentration as high as 100 ,mol/l was without effect (C T Lai and P H Yu, 6th international amine oxidase workshop, Saskatoon, Canada, 1994).This exacerbation of toxicity was dose dependent with respect to both dopamine and selegiline.As little as 0-1 ,umol selegiline/l caused a small but significant increase in toxicity induced by dopamine.Although levodopa is as toxic as dopamine towards SH-SY5Y cells, selegiline did not exacerbate its toxicity.Structural analogues of selegiline such as 4-methylselegiline, one of its metabolites ((-)-N-methylamphetamine), and a monoamine oxidase A inhibitor (clorgyline) also exacerbated toxic effects induced by dopamine.These observations suggest that selegiline may be toxic in vivo towards certain cells when dopamine concentrations are increased, and this might be relevant to the increased mortality seen in patients with Parkinson's disease treated with selegiline and levodopa combined.Although the neuroprotective effect of selegiline has been questioned, the drug seems to offer symptomatic relief to patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, and it exhibits neurorescue effects in several animal models.2Some new, specific, irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitors, the aliphatic propargylamines,3 which rescue neurones in several in vivo systems, do not exacerbate toxicity induced by dopamine in the above SH-SY5Y system.These compounds could be a useful alternative chemotherapy, offering both symptomatic benefit and neuroprotective and rescue properties without toxicity.
Induced Resistance to a Transplantable Lymphatic Leukemia in Rats
Authors: Ernest Sturm
Journal: Cancer Research (1941)

SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION It is known that a definite resistance to transplanted leukemia in mice may be induced by an injection of embryonic tissue prior to inoculation. The results of experiments reported in this paper establish the same fact for a transplanted lymphatic leukemia in rats. This emphasizes further the similarity between transplanted leukemia and malignant tumors. The important ob- servation of MacDowell and his associates (2) that the immunizing power of the normal tissue depends on its genetic constitution, was not properly tested in the present study. However the principal is so well estab- lished that we are probably justified in assuming that the Wistar strain used was not genetically homogeneous because the embryonic tissue from the strain was just as effective in its immunizing property as the tissue from an unrelated strain. If this induced resistance is related to a sensitization phenomenon (3), as has been suggested, the tissues from a homogenous strain would cause no greater reaction than an autograft and no sensitization would result. REFERENCES
Researches on Hookworm in China: Embodying the Results of the Work of the China Hookworm Commission, June, 1923, to November, 1924.
Authors: W. W. Cort, J. B. Grant, N. R. Stoll
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accidents and Emergencies.
Authors: John B. Bache, R. H. Hardy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

The exhaustion of the first two editions of this excellent manual shows that there was a place for it, and that the place was filled. The suggestions given by the author are simple and practicable, and the layman that understands and carries them out may be of material service both to the physician on his arrival, and to the patient. It would be well if such a book could have a permanent and conspicuous place in every factory, machine shop, steamer, and railway train. It is a book for the layman, and should be where he can easily see it and learn something of its contents.
Abstract 17111: Temporal Trends in the Incidence of Heart Failure and its Risk Factors
Authors: Raghava Velagaleti, Cara McLaughlin-Gavin, John M Gaziano, Luc Djousse
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: It has been proposed that the rising population burden of cardiovascular risk factors is driving an epidemic of heart failure (HF). However, few studies have simultaneously examined the secular trends in heart failure and its risk factors. Methods: In 22067 male participants (mean age 55 years) of the Physician's Health Study I, we examined secular trends for diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction (MI) and HF between years 1984 and 2004. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk for occurrence of each condition in time periods 1989-1993, 1994-1998 and 1999-2004 using 1984-1988 as the referent period. Results: Over the 4 time periods, we observed an increase in the incidence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia ( Table ). After adjustment for age and covariates, there was a graded increase in the risk for diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the latter time-periods compared to the referent period ( Table ). In contrast, we noted a statistically significant decreased risk for MI occurrence in the later time-periods, compared to the referent period. However, the incidence of HF increased over the 4 time-periods we evaluated, an effect that was largely accounted for by age and changing prevalence of other factors ( Table ). Conclusion: Although there has been a significant decrease in MI risk over the past three decades, the incidence of HF has increased in parallel to increase in diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia incidence, suggesting that these conditions may be driving the HF epidemic. Footnotes for Table: PY = person years; HR = Hazards ratio; CI = confidence interval Cox model adjusted for * age, hypertension, smoking, body-mass index (BMI) and treatment arm (ASA) † age, diabetes, smoking, BMI and ASA ‡ age, diabetes, smoking, BMI, alcohol use and ASA § age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, BMI, ASA and HF ¥ age, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, BMI, ASA and prevalent and incident MI.
Induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by pre-operative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Y. Elkerm, M. Elrewiny, S. Al-Batran, E. Jager, A. Elsaid
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13531 Background: Preoperative radiotherapy (RT)with or without chemotherapy (CRT) for patients (ptns) with T3,4 rectal carcinoma is increasingly accepted.We presented, 3 yrs ago, our experience with Cisplatin-5FU-Folonic(FA)regimen (FOLFC) in patns with metastatic CR carcinoma.We proved it is comparable to other regimens with lower cost. Methods: Between 10/99 &amp; 8/04, 104 ptns between 18 and 65 year old (PS 0–1) were assessed retrospectively (24 T3 &amp; 80 T4). Ptns received 2 months of ICT Cis(40mg/m2 D1)+FA(200mg/m2 2hrs infusion D1,2)followed by 5FU bolus(400 mg/m2 D1,2)+5FU cont inf(1200 mg/m2 D1–2)this cycle repeated q 2 wks for 8 wks. Starting on wk 9, 5 FU-FA was given as in Mayo-clinic regimen (D1–5, D21–25) with concomitant RT 45Gy in 25 fractions followed by 9 Gy boost to primary tumor. TME was planned at 4–6 wks from completion of ICT. 2 more cycles of FOLFC was given post-operatively. Results: All ptns (104) undergoing CRT completed therapy as planned, with no treatment-related interruptions. No GIII-IV toxicity. The radiological RR (after ICT) was 75% and (4 wks after CRT) was 89% (20CRs, 73PRs). 92% of ptns had subjective R in a median of 24 days from start of ICT in terms of improvement of diarrhea/constipation (90.4%), in obstructive symptoms (40/ 50 ptns)&amp;weight gain in 100% of ptns.Reduced rectal bleeding (100%) &amp; pelvic pain (100%). 17 of 20 ptns who were considered to be inoperable prior to the treatment underwent TME with negative radial margins. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 8 ptns (7.7%). Wound infection occurred in 4 ptns (3.8%). Delayed complications occurred in 3 ptns one required surgery for a stomal stricture. All ptns underwent R0 resection with clear CRM. Pathological CR was found in 32 ptns and in an additional 41 ptns, only microscopic tumor foci were found on surgical specimens. After a median follow-up of 16 months, two ptns had developed LR. Conclusions: ICT followed by synchronous CRT and TME results in marked tumor regression, rapid symptomatic response and achievement of R0 resection. The majority of ptns considered inoperable prior to receiving this treatment underwent successful excision. Given the low toxicity and promising activity, this regimen is being compared to standard synchronous 5FU- pelvic chemoradiation in a randomized study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Die Krise der Medizin: Lehrbuch der Konstitutionstherapie.
Authors: Bernhard Aschner
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Small world networks and treatment discovery process in cancer.
Authors: A. Tsalatsanis, I. Hozo, B. Djulbegovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

6086 Background: The discovery process associated with clinical research is inherently a social enterprise, which means that the pattern of discovery depends on the extent of sharing of ideas within existing scientific research. Clinical trials are often conducted within the same organizational framework of development of therapeutic advances (e.g., NCI cooperative group system [COG]). We hypothesize that the proportion of treatment discovery in cancer should be a function of the extent of interactions between trials at the level of each key social component in the NCI network (cooperative group, type of disease or treatment). Methods: Social network analysis is utilized to model the role of RCT interactions to treatment success. Our data set consists of 280 RCTs enrolling 91,847 patients conducted by the NCI-COG from 1955 to 2006. Each trial is described by three components: the cooperative group that proposed the trial, the type of disease and the type treatment studied. Interactions between trials occur for trials with common components. Results: The pattern of interactions between trials is not random. Rather, interactions between trials follow the small world network model indicating that all trials are connected through a small number of ties. In comparison to random pattern of social interactions, the information exchanged within the COG improved by 45%. Similarly, the COG network exhibited greater than 10 times tendency to cluster together. We further found that trials with the highest centrality measures (closeness and betweenness) were the ones that tested curative/definitive treatments in solid tumors. The most influential group within the NCI network was the ECOG COG. However, the observed higher level of connectivity in the network did not translate into predictably higher treatment success as measured by improvement in survival. Conclusions: The pattern of therapeutic discovery adheres to the small world social network model. On surface it appears counterintuitive that there is no direct relationship between treatment success and RCT interactions. We explain our findings by the role of social network to maintain equipoise in RCTs, which in turn preserves unpredictability of the results at individual RCT level. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 15859: Emerging Biomarkers Can Predict Main Pulmonary Artery Involvement in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Seung Pyo Hong, Ja Young Son, Byoung Kyu Kim, Byoung Ho Kim, Young Soo Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Jae Kean Ryu, Ji Yong Choi, Sung Gug Chang, Kee Sik Kim
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation with emerging biomarkers and pulmonary computed tomography(CT) angiography severity. Method: A total of 104 patients with pulmonary embol...
Treatment of Bleeding Colonic Diverticula by Endoscopic Band Ligation: an In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Pilot Study
Authors: J J Farrell, F Graeme-Cook, P B Kelsey
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Background and Study Aims: Angiographic and surgical therapy are standards of care for persistent diverticular bleeding. Colonoscopic intervention using epinephrine injection, multipolar electrocautery, and placement of an Endoclip has not gained widespread acceptance due to concerns about complications, and the widespread management of severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding by surgeons and interventional radiologists. The utility of colonoscopic band ligation for control of diverticular bleeding was evaluated both in vivo and ex vivo. Patients and Methods: Endoscopic band ligation of diverticula was performed on surgical resection specimens and in patients with actively bleeding colonic diverticula. Results: In the in-vivo study, active diverticular bleeding was completely controlled in four patients by endoscopic band ligation. In two cases, a visible vessel was seen on the everted and banded diverticulum. Procedure time ranged from 45 to 140 min. The total lengths of hospital stays for the four patients were 2, 6, 14, and 35 days. The long hospital stays (> 7 days) were associated with non-gastrointestinal co-morbidity. There were no acute complications of band ligation. No rebleeding or need for surgery occurred during a follow-up period of 12 months in any of the patients. In the ex-vivo study, 11 diverticula were successfully everted and banded in five of nine surgical specimens (one right colon and four left colons). Mucosa was identified in all of the ”banded” segments. Ten of 11 ligated diverticula revealed evidence of blood vessels or submucosal tissue. The presence of subserosal fat was suggested in three of the 11 ”banded” segments, and none of the ex-vivo ligated diverticula contained muscularis propria or serosal involvement. There was no evidence of perforation. Conclusions: Both in-vivo and ex-vivo data suggest that endoscopic band ligation may be a safe and effective therapy for actively bleeding colonic diverticula.
Abstract P1-07-25: SSA, a novel sulindac sulfide derivative, inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion in breast cancer
Authors: Bin Yi, Xiangling Feng, Hong Chang, Ruixia Ma, Xiaoguo Zhang, Gary A Piazza, Yaguang Xi
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as sulindac sulfide (SS), have been reported for striking chemopreventive activities in various types of human malignances, including breast cancer. However, the toxicities related to cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition resulting in suppression of physiologically important prostaglandins limit their clinical use for chemoprevention in human cancer. We recently developed a novel amine derivative of SS named as SSA, which lacks inhibitory effect on COX-1 or -2, yet shows 10 times greater suppressive effect than SS on growth of a panel of breast cells. Moreover, SSA treatment at sub-cytotoxic concentration (4μM) for 36 hr can significantly inhibit both migration and invasion of highly aggressive breast tumor MDA-MB-231cells. To understand the molecular mechanism accounting for this activity, we examined 4 oncogenic miRNAs, including mir-17-92, mir-9, mir-10b, and mir-21 that were previously reported by our group to be associated with SS anti-invasive activity in breast and colorectal cancer. We found SSA could significantly down-regulate these miRNAs; whereas their forced expression was able to counteract the anti-invasive activity of SSA in MDA-MB-231 cells. There results imply that significance of SSA with non-COX inhibitory properties in suppression of tumor cell invasion could provide novel insights into development of safer and more effective strategies for prevention of breast cancer progression and metastasis. In addition, after inducing mobility of non-invasive breast MCF-7 cells by using TGF-β1, we treated these invading cells with SSA and found that their mobility was significantly decreased. These results support anti-invasive activity of SSA in human breast cancer cells and inhibition of TGF-β1 as well as oncogenic miRNAs may be responsible for the mechanistic basis by which SSA prevents breast tumor cell invasion. This study is supported by an American Cancer Society Research Scholar Grant (RSG-13-265-01-RMC) and NIH/NCI R21 Grants (5R21CA160280 and 1R21CA182754) to Yaguang Xi. Citation Format: Bin Yi, Xiangling Feng, Hong Chang, Ruixia Ma, Xiaoguo Zhang, Gary A Piazza, Yaguang Xi. SSA, a novel sulindac sulfide derivative, inhibits tumor cell growth and invasion in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-25.