tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial CCR2 Signaling Induced by Colon Carcinoma Cells Enables Extravasation via the JAK2-Stat5 and p38MAPK Pathway
Authors: Monika Julia Wolf, Alexandra Hoos, Judith Bauer, Steffen Boettcher, Markus Knust, Achim Weber, Nicole Simonavicius, Christoph Schneider, Matthias Lang, Michael Stürzl, Roland S. Croner, Andreas Konrad, Markus G. Manz, Holger Moch, Adriano Aguzzi, Geert van Loo, Manolis Pasparakis, Marco Prinz, Lubor Borsig, Mathias Heikenwalder
Journal: Cancer Cell (2025)
Rizatriptan vs Placebo for Attacks of Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Jeffrey P. Staab, Scott D. Z. Eggers, Joanna C. Jen, Allison M. LeMahieu, Jennifer R. Geske, Honghu Liu, Deanna R. Hofschulte, G. Roxana Gonzalez, Brian A. Neff, Neil T. Shepard, Devin L. McCaslin, Robert W. Baloh
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

Importance Vestibular migraine has no established treatments. Objective To test the efficacy of rizatriptan for treating vestibular migraine attacks. Design, Setting, and Participants This double-blind, randomized clinical trial of rizatriptan vs placebo was conducted from December 2014 through July 2020 (data analyses in 2021 and sensitivity analyses in 2022 and 2024) at 2 tertiary neurotologic centers. Adults with vestibular migraine were included. Intervention All participants underwent prospective observation to confirm diagnosis and illness activity and were then randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive rizatriptan 10 mg or placebo to treat up to 3 vestibular migraine attacks per participant. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants rated symptoms as absent, mild, moderate, or severe at scheduled intervals. Primary outcomes were the percentage of attacks with reductions in vertigo and unsteadiness/dizziness from moderate or severe to absent or mild at 1 hour. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of attacks with complete resolution of vestibular symptoms at 1 hour; reductions in headache and associated symptoms at 1 hour; use of rescue medications after 1 hour; reductions in vestibular, headache, and associated symptoms at 24 hours without rescue medications; treatment satisfaction and quality of life at 48 hours; and rates of serious adverse effects and discontinuation due to adverse effects. Results Of 222 total participants (mean [SD] age, 42.3 [11.7] years; 70.7% were women), 134 (60.4%) with active illness treated 307 attacks. Efficacy was tested using 240 attacks with vestibular symptoms rated as moderate or severe when participants took study drug. At 1 hour, rizatriptan did not differ from placebo for reducing vertigo (73/151 [48.3%] vs 50/88 [56.8%] attacks; odds ratio [OR], 0.71 [95% CI, 0.42-1.21]), unsteadiness/dizziness (29/151 [19.2%] vs 11/89 [12.4%] attacks; OR, 1.69 [95% CI, 0.80-3.57]), or any secondary outcomes. Similar percentages of participants in rizatriptan and placebo groups (26.4% for both groups) added rescue remedies after 1 hour. At 24 hours, rizatriptan had medium effects over placebo for unsteadiness/dizziness (OR, 2.65) and motion sensitivity (OR, 3.58). Post hoc analyses of all treated attacks found a medium effect favoring rizatriptan for headache and photophobia or phonophobia at 24 hours. Treatment satisfaction was equivocal. Quality of life was mixed. No participants experienced serious adverse effects or discontinued treatment for adverse effects. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, rizatriptan was ineffective at 1 hour for treating vestibular migraine attacks and had limited benefit on symptoms at 24 hours. Findings do not support using rizatriptan for vestibular migraine attacks. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02447991
Changes in Physical and Mental Health After the End of SNAP Emergency Allotments
Authors: Michael Liu, Daniel Y. Johnson, Sara N. Bleich, Prihatha R. Narasimmaraj, Camilla Bjorck-Posson, Jose F. Figueroa, Rishi K. Wadhera
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This cross-sectional study uses data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to examine how Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program emergency allotments impacted physical and mental health.
Mental Distress Among Females Following 2021 Abortion Restrictions in Texas
Authors: Jusung Lee, Kari White, Vanessa K. Dalton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Understanding whether abortion restrictions are associated with poor mental health is crucial for mitigating policy, public health, or clinical interventions. Objective To quantify changes in frequent mental distress among females in Texas, following implementation of the 2021 Texas Heartbeat Act Senate Bill 8 (SB8), which banned abortions upon detection of embryonic cardiac activity. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted using 2012 to 2022 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a population-based representative survey. Participants were aged 18 to 44 years and included females in Texas, males in Texas, and females in other states. Data were analyzed from May 2024 to February 2025. Exposure Implementation of SB8 in Texas in September 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was frequent mental distress, defined as 14 days or more of poor mental health during the past 30 days. Difference-in-differences models were used to examine the association between SB8 implementation and changes in frequent mental distress among females aged 18 to 44 years in Texas compared with males in Texas and females from other states. Results This study included 79 609 individuals (age proportion, 18 to 29 years [43.9%], 30 to 39 years [38.3%], 40 to 44 years [17.8%]; 15 614 females in Texas [25.5%]; 14 500 males in Texas [26.1%]; 49 495 females in other states [48.4%]). Between 2012 and 2022, frequent mental distress increased from 14.2% (95% CI, 13.2%-15.2%) to 21.9% (95% CI, 19.4%-24.4%) in 15 614 females in Texas and increased from 11.1% (95% CI, 10.2%-12.0%) to 15.0% (95% CI, 13.1%-16.9%) in 14 500 males in Texas. SB8 implementation in 2021 was associated with an adjusted increase of 6.8 (95% CI, 3.0-10.6) percentage points among females compared with males. In a stratified analysis by age group, SB8 was associated with larger increases in frequent mental distress among females aged 18 to 29 years (9.8 [95% CI, 3.1-16.7] percentage points) and females aged 30 to 39 years (7.4 [95% CI, 2.0-12.9] percentage points) compared with males. In adjusted models comparing females in Texas with females in other states, SB8 was associated with an increase of 5.3 (95% CI, 1.7-9.0) percentage points compared with females in 5 pooled states (Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, Oklahoma) and an increase of 6.1 (95% CI, 2.0-10.2) percentage points compared with females in California in frequent mental distress. Conclusions and Relevance In this repeated cross-sectional study, there was a significant association between SB8 implementation and an increase in frequent mental distress. Disproportionately higher increases among younger people could be associated with higher levels of anticipated or actual need for abortion care or less ability to overcome barriers to care, including travel. These findings signal that state abortion policy may negatively affect mental health.
Oral Anticoagulation and Risk of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Sungho Bea, Geetha S. Iyer, Dae Hyun Kim, Kueiyu Joshua Lin, Yichi Zhang, Heidi Zakoul, Helen Tesfaye, Katsiaryna Bykov
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Over the past decade, there has been a considerable shift in the use of pharmacologic agents for venous thromboembolism (VTE), with direct oral anticoagulants replacing warfarin as the drugs of choice for VTE recurrence prevention; however, evidence from head-to-head comparison studies remains limited. Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of 3 common oral anticoagulants (apixaban, rivaroxaban, and warfarin) in patients with VTE. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used Medicare and 2 commercial insurance databases from 2016 up to 2024 to identify patients 18 years and older who initiated an oral anticoagulant following VTE and had at least 1 year of continuous insurance enrollment before the index date. Exposure Initiation of apixaban, rivaroxaban, or warfarin within 30 days after VTE discharge. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary effectiveness outcome was hospitalization for recurrent VTE. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding. Patients were followed up from treatment initiation until outcome occurrence, treatment discontinuation/switch, disenrollment, death, or end of available data. Propensity score–matching weights were used to adjust for confounding. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models estimated weighted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. Results Among 163 593 eligible individuals (mean [SD] age, 71.4 [13.5] years; 56.7% female), 58.5% initiated apixaban, 25.7% initiated rivaroxaban, and 15.8% initiated warfarin. Overall, 3270 hospitalizations for recurrent VTE and 4229 hospitalizations for bleeding events occurred. Compared with warfarin, patients taking apixaban (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.61-0.75) and rivaroxaban (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.87) had a lower risk of recurrent VTE. Apixaban showed a further decrease in risk compared with rivaroxaban (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96). Patients taking apixaban also had a lower risk of major bleeding compared with warfarin (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64-0.76) and rivaroxaban (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.63-0.75). No difference in bleeding risk was observed between rivaroxaban and warfarin (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.12). These findings were consistent across subgroups defined by age, sex, cancer, chronic kidney disease, bleeding history, and frailty. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with VTE who initiated an oral anticoagulant, apixaban was associated with a lower risk of VTE recurrence and major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban and warfarin. These results provide evidence to guide the selection of appropriate initial oral anticoagulant regimens for adult patients with VTE.
Upholding Our Duty to Care for Undocumented Immigrants
Authors: Cary P. Gross, Ilana B. Richman, Ishani Ganguli, Timothy S. Anderson, Eve Rittenberg, Nathan M. Stall, Jerard Z. Kneifati-Hayek, Raegan W. Durant, Deborah Grady, Heather G. Allore, Giselle Corbie, Sharon K. Inouye
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

This Editorial discusses the health challenges immigrants without legal status face and what individual clinicians can do.
Landscape of Emergency Medicaid and Health Care Coverage for Undocumented Immigrants in the US
Authors: Patricia Mae G. Santos, Aman Narayan, Arthur S. Hong, Sonia Persaud, Sierra Silverwood, Kawther Al Ksir, Lilia Cervantes, Benjamin D. Sommers, Fumiko Chino, K. Robin Yabroff
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Importance Undocumented immigrants represent a disproportionate share of uninsured individuals in the US, owing to federal restrictions that limit access to affordable health care coverage. Emergency Medicaid (EM) and other state-sponsored programs offer mechanisms for receiving necessary medical care, but their scope and provisions are poorly understood by patients, clinicians, and policymakers alike. Objective To examine the national policy landscape of EM and other state programs designed to provide health care coverage for undocumented immigrants. Evidence Review Between January 2024 and June 2024, individual state policies on EM and programs providing health care coverage for undocumented immigrants were reviewed, including (1) Medicaid-equivalent programs, (2) State Plan Amendments (SPAs), and (3) Marketplace-based programs via Section 1332 waivers. Policy documentation for all 50 states and Washington, DC, was sourced from publicly available materials—including state Medicaid agency websites, policy manuals, and clinician handbooks. Findings were verified via multiple independent manual reviews. Findings Thirty-seven states (74%) and Washington, DC, offer EM coverage for the duration of the emergency only. Eighteen states provide (36%) 3 to 6 months of retroactive coverage, whereas 13 states (26%) offer 2 to 12 months of prospective coverage. Twenty states (40%) and Washington, DC, provide coverage of routine dialysis for patients with end-stage kidney disease, whereas only 5 states (10%) offer coverage for cancer treatment. Twelve states (24%) and Washington, DC, offer state-sponsored Medicaid-equivalent plans, with 4 states (8%) and Washington, DC, offering coverage to all age groups. Twenty-two states (44%) and Washington, DC, provide prenatal coverage via the From-Conception-to-End-of-Pregnancy SPA option; and 6 states (12%) offer postpartum coverage. In 2 states (4%), residents can purchase commercial Marketplace plans, regardless of immigration status. Conclusions and Relevance This nationwide analysis found significant variation in the health care coverage available to undocumented immigrants. Although some states have optimized flexibility in EM policy language to expand coverage for ongoing care of certain chronic conditions, substantial coverage gaps persist. Medicaid-equivalent plans and Marketplace-based strategies offer avenues for comprehensive coverage; however, these mechanisms are subject to state budgetary constraints and political challenges. Despite anticipated rollbacks of federal Medicaid funding, states must continue to identify sustainable and equitable coverage solutions for this essential part of the US population.
CircAge: A Comprehensive Resource for Aging-associated Circular RNAs Across Species and Tissues
Authors: Xin Dong, Zhen Zhou, Yanan Wang, Ayesha Nisar, Shaoyan Pu, Longbao Lv, Yijiang Li, Xuemei Lu, Yonghan He
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2025)

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel class of RNA molecules characterized by a circular structure and enhanced stability. Emerging evidence indicates that circRNAs play pivotal regulatory roles in the aging process. Despite this, there is a lack of a systematic resource that integrates aging-associated circRNA data. Therefore, we developed a comprehensive database named CircAge, which encompasses 803 aging-related samples from 7 species and 24 tissue types. Through high-throughput sequencing, we also generated 47 new tissue samples from mice and rhesus monkeys. Integrating predictions from multiple bioinformatics tools, we identified over 529,856 unique circRNAs. Our data analysis revealed a general increase in circRNA expression levels with age, with approximately 23% of circRNAs demonstrating sequence conservation across species. The CircAge database systematically predicts potential interactions between circRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), and assesses the coding potential of circRNAs. This resource lays a foundation for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in aging. As a comprehensive repository of aging-associated circRNAs, CircAge will significantly accelerate research in this field, facilitating the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for aging biology and developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for aging and age-related diseases. CircAge is publicly available at https://circage.kiz.ac.cn.
Evaluation of tetrahydropyridazine-based peripherally restricted dual inhibitors of CB1R and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) for treating metabolic syndrome disorders
Authors: Pinaki Bhattacharjee, Szabolcs Dvorácskó, Océane Pointeau, Biswajit Kundu, Nicholas Rutland, Henry Puhl, Jie Liu, Grzegorz Godlewski, Sergio A Hassan, Tony Jourdan, Resat Cinar, Malliga R Iyer
Journal: Metabolism (2025)
Tacrolimus or Mycophenolate Mofetil for Frequently Relapsing or Steroid-Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Jingjing Wang, Fei Liu, Weili Yan, Jianhua Zhou, Yu Zhang, Liping Rong, Xiaoyun Jiang, Fei Zhao, Chunhua Zhu, Xiaochuan Wu, Xiaoyan Li, Shuzhen Sun, Jing Wang, Mo Wang, Qin Yang, Hong Xu, Jing Chen, Cuihua Liu, Ming Tian, Shipin Feng, Qinwei Duan, Xuhui Zhong, Yun Zhu, Xiaozhong Li, Haidong Fu, Lingfei Huang, Daqing Ma, Jie Ding, Qing Ye, Jianhua Mao
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Importance Both tacrolimus (TAC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are recommended for children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS). However, their comparative effectiveness and safety have not been evaluated through randomized clinical trials. Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of TAC and MMF in children with FRNS or SDNS. Design, Setting, and Participants In this multicenter, open-label randomized clinical trial conducted at 12 pediatric nephrology centers across China, 270 children aged 2 to 18 years with FRNS or SDNS were allocated at a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either TAC or MMF. The study was conducted from November 2019 to July 2023, and data analysis was completed from July 2023 to March 2024. Intervention Patients received either TAC (0.025-0.050 mg/kg, orally twice daily) or MMF (10-15 mg/kg, orally twice daily) for 1 year, along with a tapering regimen of steroids. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was 1-year relapse-free survival. Relapse frequency, cumulative steroid dosage, and safety profiles were also evaluated. Results A total of 292 patients from 12 care centers were assessed for eligibility, and 270 patients were randomized to receive either TAC (n = 135) or MMF (n = 135). Among 270 patients, median (IQR) age was 6.91 (4.25-9.96) years, and 70 patients (25.9%) were female. Compared with MMF, the 1-year relapse-free survival rate in the TAC group was 1.86-fold higher (hazard ratio [HR], 2.86; 95% CI, 1.79-4.76; P &amp;amp;lt; .001) in the intention-to-treat analysis. This difference was also significant after adjusting for the per-protocol analysis (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.72-4.55; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). The mean (SD) time to first relapse was significantly longer in the TAC group (323.99 [98.33] days) compared to the MMF group (263.21 [132.84] days). Furthermore, the TAC group showed a lower annual relapse rate than the MMF group (17.78% vs 41.48%) and required a significantly lower mean (SD) cumulative steroid dose (0.22 [0.10] mg/kg/day vs 0.34 [0.22] mg/kg/day). The safety profile was similar in both groups. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, compared with MMF, a 1-year course of TAC therapy significantly extended the period of relapse-free survival in children with FRNS or SDNS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04048161
The Microbiome and Cancer
Authors: Estefania Fernandez, Jennifer A. Wargo, Beth A. Helmink
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Importance Growing evidence suggests that microbes located within the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer. Observations Clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and other anatomical locations, such as the respiratory tract, may affect carcinogenesis, development of metastases, cancer treatment response, and cancer treatment–related adverse effects. Within tumors of patients with cancer, microbes may affect response to treatment, and therapies that reduce or eliminate these microbes may improve outcomes in patients with cancer. Modulating gastrointestinal tract (gut) microbes through fecal microbiota transplant and other strategies such as dietary intervention (eg, high-fiber diet intervention) has improved outcomes in small studies of patients treated with cancer immunotherapy. In contrast, disruption of the gut microbiota by receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to treatment with cancer immunotherapy has been associated with poorer overall survival and higher rates of adverse effects in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade for solid tumors and also with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Conclusions and Relevance Microbes in the gut and other locations in the body may influence the development and progression of cancer and may affect the response to adverse effects from cancer therapy. Future therapies targeting microbes in the gut and other locations in the body could potentially improve outcomes in patients with cancer.
Of Context, Quality, and Complexity: Fine-combing Tumor Mutation Burden in Immunotherapy Treated Cancers
Authors: Noushin Niknafs, Mimi Najjar, Colum Dennehy, Ioannis Stouras, Valsamo Anagnostou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is considered a prototypic feature of tumor foreignness and has been established as a tumor-agnostic FDA-approved biomarker at a threshold of 10 mut/Mb for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Despite its clinical utility as a companion diagnostic for ICI across cancers, high TMB does not consistently predict response due to technical and biological limitations. Tumor heterogeneity and purity, blood vs. tissue sampling, variation in next generation sequencing and algorithmic evaluation attenuate the predictive value of TMB. In addition to technical standardization and moving beyond TMB as a numeric or binarized value, it is of paramount importance to consider the underlying biology and differential contribution of mutation subsets to tumor foreignness and immunogenicity. The importance of consideration of mutations within the overall TMB that are unlikely to be immunoedited together with the density of immunogenic “quality” mutation-associated neoantigens introduce the concept of biological calibration of TMB that may enhance its clinical utility. Mutagenic processes such as microsatellite instability and ultra-mutation and cancer lineage-dependent co-mutation patterns also represent biological modifiers that enable the interpretation of the overall TMB in different contexts. In this perspective, we dissect TMB on a biological and technical level followed by a critical assessment of the predictive role of TMB in capturing ICI response in the setting of clinical trials across human cancers. Standardization of technical methodologies together with the interpretation of TMB on the basis of the tumor genomic landscape represent key steps towards maximizing the predictive value of TMB for cancer immunotherapy.
Nicotine Pouch Use in Youths and Adults Who Use Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Smokeless Tobacco
Authors: Amanda M. Palmer, Tracy T. Smith, Andrew A. Chen, Alana M. Rojewski, Matthew J. Carpenter, Benjamin A. Toll
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study describes nicotine pouch use among adolescents and adults who use other nicotine products.