tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Firearm Violence After New Jersey’s Cash Bail Reform
Authors: Jaquelyn L. Jahn, Jessica T. Simes, Jonathan Jay
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Reducing the pretrial detention population has been a cornerstone of movements to end mass incarceration. Across many US cities, there are ongoing public debates on policies that would end pretrial detention due to the inability to afford bail, with some raising concerns that doing so would increase community violence. Objective To evaluate changes in firearm violence after New Jersey’s 2017 bail reform policy that eliminated financial barriers to avoiding pretrial detention. Design, Setting, and Participants This case-control study used synthetic control methods to examine changes in firearm mortality and combined fatal and nonfatal shootings in New Jersey (2014-2019). New Jersey was chosen because it was one of the first states to systematically implement cash bail reform. Outcomes in New Jersey were compared with a weighted combination of 36 states that did not implement any kind of reform to pretrial detention during the study period. Data were analyzed from April 2023 to March 2024. Exposure Implementation of New Jersey’s cash bail reform law in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Quarterly rates of fatal and nonfatal firearm assault injuries and firearm self-harm injuries per 100 000 people. Results Although New Jersey’s pretrial detention population dramatically decreased under bail reform, the study did not find evidence of increases in overall firearm mortality (average treatment effect on the treated, −0.26 deaths per 100 000) or gun violence (average treatment effect on the treated, −0.24 deaths per 100 000), or within racialized groups during the postpolicy period. Conclusions and Relevance Incarceration and gun violence are major public health problems impacting racially and economically marginalized groups. Cash bail reform may be an important tool for reducing pretrial detention and advancing health equity without exacerbating community violence.
Epidemiological Surveillance of Acute Respiratory Infections Based on Targeted Metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing During the Flu Season after COVID-19 Pandemic in Beijing
Authors: Bing Han, Xu-Ming Li, Ran Li, Wu Ning, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yan-Fen Tang, Ye Zhang, Long Hu, Jian-Dong Li, Gang Liu, Dan Zhang, Li Gu, Han Xia, Xi Wang, Rong-Meng Jiang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2024)
Contemporary Complication Rates and the Morbidity of Intervention
Authors: Nikhil L. Chervu, O. Joe Hines
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Author Correction: Identification of a clinically efficacious CAR T cell subset in diffuse large B cell lymphoma by dynamic multidimensional single-cell profiling
Authors: Ali Rezvan, Gabrielle Romain, Mohsen Fathi, Darren Heeke, Melisa Martinez-Paniagua, Xingyue An, Irfan N. Bandey, Melisa J. Montalvo, Jay R. T. Adolacion, Arash Saeedi, Fatemeh Sadeghi, Kristen Fousek, Nahum Puebla-Osorio, Laurence J. N. Cooper, Chantale Bernatchez, Harjeet Singh, Nabil Ahmed, Mike Mattie, Adrian Bot, Sattva Neelapu, Navin Varadarajan
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)
Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at <i>JAMA Psychiatry</i>
Authors: Kara S. Bagot, Dost Öngür
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Coxsackievirus A6–Induced Atypical Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease
Authors: Wei-Yao Wang, Szu-Hao Chiu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case report describes nonblanching, confluent, purpuric macules and patches on the palmoplantar and dorsal finger surfaces and red to grayish papulovesicles on the dorsal hands and feet, limbs, trunk, and face.
Hemorrhage Sites and Mitigation Strategies After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: William A. Preston, Micaela L. Collins, Mithat Gönen, Timothy Murtha, Victor Rivera, Ryan Lamm, Michelle Schafer, Hooman Yarmohammadi, Anne Covey, Lynn A. Brody, Stephen Topper, Avinoam Nevler, Harish Lavu, Charles J. Yeo, Vinod P. Balachandran, Jeffrey A. Drebin, Kevin C. Soares, Alice C. Wei, T. Peter Kingham, Michael I. D’Angelica, William R. Jarnagin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Postpancreatectomy hemorrhage is an uncommon but highly morbid complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Clinical evidence often draws suspicion to the gastroduodenal artery stump, even without a clear source.
Dual vs Single Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Obesity
Authors: Joshua D. Aymond, Alexandra M. Sanchez, Michael R. Castine, Michael L. Bernard, Sammy Khatib, A. Elise Hiltbold, Glenn M. Polin, Paul A. Rogers, Paari S. Dominic, Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez, Daniel P. Morin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Importance Atrial fibrillation and obesity are common, and both are increasing in prevalence. Obesity is associated with failure of cardioversion of atrial fibrillation using a standard single set of defibrillator pads, even at high output. Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of dual direct-current cardioversion (DCCV) using 2 sets of pads, with each pair simultaneously delivering 200 J, with traditional single 200-J DCCV using 1 set of pads in patients with obesity and atrial fibrillation. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective, investigator-initiated, patient-blinded, randomized clinical trial spanning 3 years from August 2020 to 2023. As a multicenter trial, the setting included 3 sites in Louisiana. Eligibility criteria included body mass index (BMI) of 35 or higher (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), age 18 years or older, and planned nonemergent electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Patients who met inclusion criteria were randomized 1:1. Exclusions occurred due to spontaneous cardioversion, instability, thrombus, or BMI below threshold. Interventions Dual DCCV vs single DCCV. Main Outcomes and Measures Return to sinus rhythm, regardless of duration, immediately after the first cardioversion attempt of atrial fibrillation, adverse cardiovascular events, and chest discomfort after the procedure. Results Of 2079 sequential patients undergoing cardioversion, 276 met inclusion criteria and were approached for participation. Of these, 210 participants were randomized 1:1. After exclusions, 200 patients (median [IQR] age, 67.6 [60.1-72.4] years; 127 male [63.5%]) completed the study. The mean (SD) BMI was 41.2 (6.5). Cardioversion was successful more often with dual DCCV compared with single DCCV (97 of 99 patients [98%] vs 87 of 101 patients [86%]; P = .002). Dual cardioversion predicted success (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% CI, 3.3-13.6; P = .01). Patients in the single cardioversion cohort whose first attempt failed underwent dual cardioversion with all subsequent attempts (up to 3 total), all of which were successful: 12 of 14 after second cardioversion and 2 of 14 after third cardioversion. There was no difference in the rating of postprocedure chest discomfort (median in both groups = 0 of 10; P = .40). There were no cardiovascular complications. Conclusions and Relevance In patients with obesity (BMI ≥35) undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation, dual DCCV results in greater cardioversion success compared with single DCCV, without any increase in complications or patient discomfort. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04539158
Health problems among elite Dutch youth long track speed skaters: a one-season prospective study
Authors: Matthias Hendricks, Alexander T M van de Water, Evert Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives To describe the frequency, type, and severity of health problems in long-track speed skating to inform injury prevention strategies. Methods We prospectively collected weekly health and sport exposure data on 84 highly trained Dutch athletes aged 15–21 years during the 2019/2020 season using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on Health Problems and the trainers’ documentation. We categorised health problems into acute or repetitive mechanisms of injury or illness and calculated incidences (per 1000 sports exposure hours), weekly prevalence and burden (days of time loss per 1000 sports exposure hours) related to the affected body region. Results We registered 283 health problems (187 injuries, 96 illnesses), yielding an average weekly prevalence of health problems of 30.5% (95% CI 28.7% to 32.2%). Incidence rates were 2.0/1000 hours for acute mechanism injuries (95% CI 1.5 to 2.5) and 3.2/1000 hours for illnesses (95% CI 2.6 to 3.9). For acute mechanism injuries the head, shoulder and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden of 5.6 (95% CI 4.8 to 6.5), 2.9 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.5) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. For repetitive mechanism injuries, the knee, thoracic spine, lower leg and lumbosacral region had the highest injury burden, with 11.0 (95% CI 9.8 to 12.2), 6.8 (95% CI 5.9 to 7.7), 3.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 4.6) and 2.5 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.1) days of time loss/1000 hours, respectively. Conclusion Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of acute and repetitive mechanism injuries in speed skating. These results can guide future research and priorities for injury prevention.
Puerarin alleviates atherosclerosis via the inhibition of<i>Prevotella copri</i>and its trimethylamine production
Authors: Ze-Hua Li, Jun Weng, Jing Yan, Yu-Hong Zeng, Qing-Yun Hao, Hua-Fang Sheng, Yong-Quan Hua, Yi Deng, Zhan-Peng Wen, Zhi-Ye Wu, Gong-Hui Li, Xing Li, Rong-Huan Tan, Jia-Cheng Ding, Ping-Zhen Yang, Hong-Wei Zhou, Zhuang Li
Journal: Gut (2024)

Puerarin (PU) is a natural compound that exhibits limited oral bioavailability but has shown promise in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of PU and its mechanisms in mitigating AS in both mice and humans.
Consensus methods in patellofemoral pain: how rigorous are they? A scoping review
Authors: Paul Blazey, Alex Scott, Clare L Ardern, Jennifer C Davis, Jackie L Whittaker, Justin M Losciale, Karim M Khan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective Clinicians treating patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) rely on consensus statements to make the best practice recommendations in the absence of definitive evidence on how to manage PFP. However, the methods used to generate and assess agreement for these recommendations have not been examined. Our objective was to map the methods used to generate consensus-based recommendations for PFP and apply four novel questions to assess the rigour of consensus development. Design Scoping review. Data sources We searched Medline, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and Embase from inception to May 2022 to identify consensus-derived statements or practice guidelines on PFP. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis was followed to map the existing evidence. We measured the consensus methods based on four sets of questions addressing the panel composition, application of the consensus method chosen, agreement process and the use of evidence mapping. Eligibility criteria All consensus statements or clinical guidelines on PFP were considered. Results Twenty-two PFP consensus statements were identified. Panel composition: 3 of the 22 (14%) consensus groups reported the panellists’ experience, 2 (9%) defined a desired level of expertise, 10 (45%) reported panellist sex and only 2 (9%) included a patient. Consensus method: 7 of 22 (32%) reported using an established method of consensus measurement/development. Agreement process: 10 of 22 (45%) reported their consensus threshold and 2 (9%) acknowledged dissenting opinions among the panel. Evidence mapping: 6 of 22 (27%) reported using systematic methods to identify relevant evidence gaps. Conclusions PFP consensus panels have lacked diversity and excluded key partners including patients. Consensus statements on PFP frequently fail to use recognised consensus methods, rarely describe how ‘agreement’ was defined or measured and often neglect to use systematic methods to identify evidence gaps.
Low MBOAT7 expression, a genetic risk for MASH, promotes a profibrotic pathway involving hepatocyte TAZ upregulation
Authors: Mary P. Moore, Xiaobo Wang, John Paul Kennelly, Hongxue Shi, Yuki Ishino, Kuniyuki Kano, Junken Aoki, Alessandro Cherubini, Luisa Ronzoni, Xiuqing Guo, Naga P. Chalasani, Shareef Khalid, Danish Saleheen, Matthew A. Mitsche, Jerome I. Rotter, Katherine P. Yates, Luca Valenti, Nozomu Kono, Peter Tontonoz, Ira Tabas
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: The common genetic variant rs641738 C&gt;T is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including liver fibrosis, and is associated with decreased expression of the phospholipid-remodeling enzyme MBOAT7 (LPIAT1). However, whether restoring MBOAT7 expression in established metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease dampens the progression to liver fibrosis and, importantly, the mechanism through which decreased MBOAT7 expression exacerbates MASH fibrosis remain unclear. Approach and Results: We first showed that hepatocyte MBOAT7 restoration in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis slows the progression to liver fibrosis. Conversely, when hepatocyte-MBOAT7 was silenced in mice with established hepatosteatosis, liver fibrosis but not hepatosteatosis was exacerbated. Mechanistic studies revealed that hepatocyte-MBOAT7 restoration in MASH mice lowered hepatocyte-TAZ (WWTR1), which is known to promote MASH fibrosis. Conversely, hepatocyte-MBOAT7 silencing enhanced TAZ upregulation in MASH. Finally, we discovered that changes in hepatocyte phospholipids due to MBOAT7 loss-of-function promote a cholesterol trafficking pathway that upregulates TAZ and the TAZ-induced profibrotic factor Indian hedgehog (IHH). As evidence for relevance in humans, we found that the livers of individuals with MASH carrying the rs641738-T allele had higher hepatocyte nuclear TAZ, indicating higher TAZ activity and increased IHH mRNA. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for a novel mechanism linking MBOAT7-LoF to MASH fibrosis, adds new insight into an established genetic locus for MASH, and, given the druggability of hepatocyte TAZ for MASH fibrosis, suggests a personalized medicine approach for subjects at increased risk for MASH fibrosis due to inheritance of variants that lower MBOAT7.
Whole Spinal Cord FDG Uptake at PET/CT Caused by H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma in an Adult Patient
Authors: Léo Morin, François Godard, Marie-Hélène Aubriot-Lorton, Clément Drouet
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Diffuse midline glioma, H3K27-altered, is a relatively new entity, characterized by H3K27M histone mutation. This rare pediatric disease with severe prognosis has recently been identified as a new subtype of diffuse astrocytoma due to major breakthrough in histopathological and molecular characterization of gliomas. We report a case of H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma in a 30-year-old woman.
The EU passes the AI Act and its implications for digital medicine are unclear
Authors: Stephen Gilbert
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

On 13 March 2024, the much-anticipated AI Act was passed by the EU parliament and will soon be adopted as EU law. It will apply new requirements for developers and deployers of AI-enabled digital health tools (DHTs), including for a defined class of high-risk AI systems and for general-purpose AI. Although the text of the law is available, complete in all but the final checks of legal wording much is still not known about how the AI Act will affect the digital health landscape in the EU and beyond. The wording of many aspects of the Act is ambiguous, and often high-level objectives are stated, with the detail to come later in associated guidance, standards, and member state law and policy. It is also uncertain how the Act will intersect with pre-existing sector-specific legislation for medical AI. There are future steps in the legislative process that can clarify ambiguity, including standards, guidelines, and implementing laws, and the author remains optimistic the EU will get the implementation right.
Time to IVT Treatment and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke—Reply
Authors: Johannes Kaesmacher, Fabiano Cavalcante, Urs Fischer
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-Dose Upadacitinib Therapy for Refractory Metastatic Crohn Disease
Authors: Joseph Ebriani, Jaewon Yoon, Sonia Friedman, Rahul Dalal, Maureen French, Alexandra Charrow
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case report describes 2 patients with metastatic Crohn disease who were treated with upadacitinib.
Comparison of Multiparametric MRI and the Combination of PSMA Plus MRI for the Intraprostatic Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Giovanni Brondani Torri, Pedro Antune Pereira, Camila Piovesan Wiethan, Yasmin Mesquita, Seyed Ali Mirshahvalad, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Sangeet Ghai, Ur Metser, Stephan Altmayer, Adriano Basso Dias
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose The aim of this study was to perform a head-to-head comparison of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the combination of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET plus MRI (PSMA + MRI) for detecting intraprostatic clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Patients and Methods Relevant databases were searched through November 2023. Only studies directly comparing mpMRI and PSMA + MRI (PET/MRI or PET/CT + mpMRI) were included. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was used to estimate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for each approach. Results A total of 19 studies were included. On a patient-level analysis, PSMA + MRI had higher sensitivity (9 studies) than mpMRI for csPCa detection (96% [95% confidence interval (CI): 92%, 98%] vs 89% [95% CI: 81%, 94%]; P = 0.04). The patient-level specificity (4 studies) of PSMA + MRI was 55% (95% CI: 31%–76%) compared with 50% (95% CI: 44%–57%) of mpMRI ( P = 0.67). Region-level sensitivity (10 studies) was 85% (95% CI: 74%–92%) for PSMA + MRI and 71% (95% CI: 58%–82%) for mpMRI ( P = 0.09), whereas specificity (4 studies) was 87% (95% CI: 76%–94%) and 90% (95% CI: 82%–95%), respectively ( P = 0.59). Lesion-level sensitivity and specificity were similar between modalities with pooled data from less than 4 studies. Conclusions PSMA + MRI had superior pooled sensitivity and similar specificity for the detection of csPCa compared with mpMRI in this meta-analysis of head-to-head studies.
Mapping the Single-Cell Differentiation Landscape of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Danh D. Truong, Corey Weistuch, Kevin A. Murgas, Prasad Admane, Bridgette L. King, Jes Chauviere Lee, Salah-E. Lamhamedi-Cherradi, Jyothishmathi Swaminathan, Najat C. Daw, Nancy Gordon, Vidya Gopalakrishnan, Richard G. Gorlick, Neeta Somaiah, Joseph O. Deasy, Antonios G. Mikos, Allen Tannenbaum, Joseph Ludwig
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: The genetic intratumoral heterogeneity observed in human osteosarcomas poses challenges for drug development and the study of cell fate, plasticity, and differentiation, which are processes linked to tumor grade, cell metastasis, and survival. Experimental Design: To pinpoint errors in osteosarcoma differentiation, we transcriptionally profiled 31,527 cells from a tissue-engineered model that directs mesenchymal stem cells toward adipogenic and osteoblastic fates. Incorporating preexisting chondrocyte data, we applied trajectory analysis and non-negative matrix factorization to generate the first human mesenchymal differentiation atlas. Results: This “roadmap” served as a reference to delineate the cellular composition of morphologically complex osteosarcoma tumors and quantify each cell’s lineage commitment. Projecting a bulk RNA-sequencing osteosarcoma dataset onto this roadmap unveiled a correlation between a stem-like transcriptomic phenotype and poorer survival outcomes. Conclusions: Our study quantifies osteosarcoma differentiation and lineage, a prerequisite to better understanding lineage-specific differentiation bottlenecks that might someday be targeted therapeutically.
As a doctor with pregnancy associated osteoporosis, I know that the NHS can do better for women with this condition
Authors: Kirsten Furley
Journal: BMJ (2024)

As a doctor with pregnancy associated osteoporosis, I know that NHS can do better for women with this condition Women with pregnancy associated osteoporosis face misdiagnosis, delays to treatment, and additional psychological trauma associated with disbelief and dismissal of pain, writes Kirsten Furley