tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Casting vs Surgical Treatment of Children With Medial Epicondyle Fractures
Authors: Petra Grahn, Ilkka Helenius, Tero Hämäläinen, Reetta Kivisaari, Yrjänä Nietosvaara, Juha-Jaakko Sinikumpu, Jenni Jalkanen, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Matti Ahonen, Juho-Antti Ahola, Topi Laaksonen, Kaj Zilliacus, Arimatias Raitio, Markus Lastikka
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Displaced pediatric medial humeral epicondyle fractures are traditionally treated nonoperatively with casting. However, the use of surgical treatment has increased despite limited high-level evidence supporting its benefits. Objective To determine whether open surgical reduction and internal fixation improve functional outcomes compared with long arm casting in children with displaced medial humeral epicondyle fractures at 12 months post injury. Design, Setting, and Participants This noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted in 4 university hospitals in Finland between August 30, 2019, and August 22, 2023, with a 12-month follow-up completed August 20, 2024. Participants included children (aged 7-16 years) with nonincarcerated medial humeral epicondyle fractures and more than 2 mm of displacement. Data analysis was based on intention to treat. Interventions Open reduction and fixation, followed by a long arm cast for 4 weeks, or long arm cast without reduction for 4 weeks. Main Outcome and Measure The primary outcome was the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QDASH) score at 12 months (range, 0-100 points, with 0 denoting no disability and 100 extreme disability; prespecified noninferiority margin was 6.8 points). Results Seventy-two patients were randomized (43 [59.7%] female; mean [SD] age, 12.1 [2.1] years; range, 7.9-15.9 years), with 37 (19 [51.4%] female) to the surgery group (mean [SD] age, 12.2 [2.3] years; range, 7.9-15.9 years) and 35 (24 [68.6%] female) to the cast group (mean [SD] age, 11.9 [2.0] years; range 7.9-15.9 years). At 12 months, the mean QDASH score was 1.73 (95% CI, 0.65-2.81) in the surgery group and 2.71 (95% CI, 0.52-4.90) in the cast group, showing noninferiority (mean difference, −0.98 [95% CI, −2.95 to 0.98] points). The cosmetic visual analog scale favored the cast group, with a statistically significant between-group difference of −8.9 points (95% CI, −16.6 to −1.2 points; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Nonunion occurred in 1 of 37 surgically treated patients (2.7%) and 24 of 35 cast-treated patients (68.6%). No crossovers from casting to surgery occurred. Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial of displaced medial epicondyle fractures, treatment with casting alone was noninferior at 12 months to surgical reduction and internal fixation followed by casting. Findings support nonoperative care as effective at 1 year; longer-term outcomes remain to be studied. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04531085
Online Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Emotion Dysregulation in People With Chronic Pain
Authors: Nell Norman-Nott, Nancy E. Briggs, Negin Hesam-Shariati, Chelsey R. Wilks, Jessica Schroeder, Ashish D. Diwan, Jina Suh, Jill M. Newby, Toby Newton-John, Yann Quidé, James H. McAuley, Sylvia M. Gustin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Current therapeutic approaches are inaccessible to many people with chronic pain and frequently fail to address emotion dysregulation as a key factor in psychological comorbidity and pain intensity. An effective and accessible emotion regulation–focused intervention is needed. Objectives To compare the efficacy of online dialectical behavioral therapy for chronic pain plus treatment as usual (iDBT-Pain) with only treatment as usual on emotion dysregulation in people with chronic pain. Design, Setting, and Participants This 2-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 2023 to September 2024 in Australia. Participants were adults with chronic pain (lasting ≥3 months) and weekly pain intensity of 3 or higher out of 10 (10 indicating worst pain), without psychotic or personality disorders, and without dementia. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive either iDBT-Pain for 9 weeks or treatment as usual only. Intention-to-treat data analyses were performed between August and September 2024. Interventions The iDBT-Pain group received 8 group-based 90-minute therapist-guided online sessions as well as an app and a handbook for self-learning. Content focused on DBT skills training, including pain science education. Participants in the treatment-as-usual group continued usual care, which consisted of treatment options that can be accessed in the community. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was emotion dysregulation at 9 weeks after randomization. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (score range: 18-90, with higher scores indicating higher emotion dysregulation) was used in assessment. Results Among 89 participants (mean [SD] age, 51.5 [14.2] years; 74 females [83%]), 44 (49%) were randomly assigned to the treatment-as-usual group and 45 (51%) were randomly assigned to the iDBT-Pain group. Overall, 79 participants (89%) completed the 9-week assessment. Between-group difference in emotion dysregulation over time favored iDBT-Pain over treatment as usual at 9 weeks (−4.88; 95% CI, −9.20 to −0.55; P = .03; Cohen d = −0.46 [95% CI, −0.87 to −0.08]). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, the iDBT-Pain intervention, delivered through a self-learning and therapist-guided hybrid approach, resulted in sustained improvements in emotion dysregulation in people with chronic pain. Trial Registration Anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12622000113752
AI-Based Virtual Triage and Telemedical Health Care for Ukrainian War Refugees and Displaced Persons
Authors: George A. Gellert, Kacper Kuszczyński, Gabriel L. Gellert, Aleksandra Kabat-Karabon, Anna Nowicka, Tim Price
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study examines use of an artificial intelligence (AI)–based virtual triage and referral platform to treat mental health–related conditions among Polish citizens and Ukranian migrants in Poland during the Russia-Ukraine War.
Differences in Abortion Use by Sexual Orientation in 3 National Cohorts
Authors: Payal Chakraborty, Sarah McKetta, Colleen A. Reynolds, Mikaela H. Smith, Heidi Moseson, Ariel Beccia, Kodiak R. S. Soled, Tabor Hoatson, Aimee K. Huang, A. Heather Eliassen, Sebastien Haneuse, Brittany M. Charlton
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Sexual minority individuals have less access to high-quality reproductive health care—including contraceptive care—and have higher rates of unintended pregnancies than their heterosexual peers. Little is known about differences in abortion use by sexual orientation. Objective To quantify differences in abortion use by sexual orientation. Design, Setting, and Participants This study using data from 3 North American cohorts included pregnancies between 1959 and 2024. Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS2) is a cohort of female nurses in the US, Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) is a cohort of NHS2’s offspring, and Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS3) is a cohort of nurses and nursing students in the US and Canada. Exposure Sexual orientation (completely heterosexual, heterosexual with same-sex experience, mostly heterosexual, bisexual, and lesbian or gay). Main Outcome and Measure Participant-reported pregnancy outcome (induced abortion vs any other pregnancy outcome). Results Of a total of 235 948 pregnancies (with nonmissing pregnancy outcome data) across 85 640 participants, 211 095 pregnancies (89.5%) were to completely heterosexual participants, and 24 853 (10.5%) were to sexual minority participants. In GUTS and NHS3, there were a higher percentage of pregnancies to sexual minority participants (1546 [17.7%] and 7425 [19.7%], respectively) than in NHS2 (15 882 [8.4%]). In the cohorts combined, 20 243 pregnancies (8.6%) ended with an induced abortion. Compared with pregnancies to completely heterosexual participants, those to sexual minority participants were more likely to end with an induced abortion (risk ratio [RR], 1.93 [95% CI, 1.85-2.02]). Among sexual minority subgroups, heterosexual with same-sex experience (RR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.47-1.66]), mostly heterosexual (RR, 2.15 [95% CI, 2.03-2.29]), bisexual (RR, 2.84 [95% CI, 2.49-3.23]), and lesbian or gay participants (RR, 2.52 [95% CI, 2.14-2.95]) had higher abortion use. Conclusions and Relevance In this study using data from retrospectively reported pregnancies from 3 longitudinal cohorts, all sexual minority groups had increased abortion use compared with completely heterosexual participants, and abortion use was heterogeneous; given the higher use of abortion among sexual minority populations, they are more likely to be disproportionately impacted by the narrowing of abortion access in the US after the Supreme Court Dobbs decision. Future research is needed to understand the pathways that contribute to the unique abortion care needs of sexual minority individuals, in order to provide adequate support for abortion seekers.
Research Participant Interest in Learning Results of Biomarker Tests for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Spondita Goswami, Sarah M. Hartz, Amy Oliver, Sacha Jackson, Tomi Ogungbenle, Alissa Evans, Erin Linnenbringer, Krista L. Moulder, John C. Morris, Jessica Mozersky
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance While available evidence suggests there are not major psychosocial harms of return of research results, there are limited data on uptake of Alzheimer disease (AD) research results or reasons for declining to learn results among participants in AD research studies. Objectives To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate who declines to learn individual AD biomarker research results and what factors are associated with the decision. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational cohort study was conducted between November 1, 2020, and April 15, 2024, among participants aged 65 years or older with unimpaired cognition and available biomarker data (apolipoprotein E genotype and either imaging [amyloid positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging] or plasma amyloid level) enrolled in a longitudinal cohort of cognitive aging at the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Exposure Participants with no prior option to receive research results were offered the option to learn these results. Main Outcome and Measures The primary outcome was the decision to receive AD research biomarker results. Associations of this decision with demographic factors including self-identified race, parental history of AD, age, gender, and type of biomarker result offered (imaging or plasma) were assessed using χ 2 tests and semiparametric log-binomial regression. Semistructured qualitative interviews with a subset of participants who declined receiving research results explored reasons for declining. Results Of the 274 participants who were offered their research results (mean [SD] age, 75.9 [5.8] years; 158 women [58%]; 35 Black [13%]; and 239 White [87%]), 110 (40%) declined. Black participants were more likely to decline than White participants (adjusted risk ratio, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.43-2.50). Participants with a known parental history of AD dementia were more likely to decline than those without (adjusted risk ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.12-1.98). Qualitative interviews found the following reasons for declining: knowing would be a burden, negative experiences and perceptions of AD dementia, feeling good about memory currently, familial burden, already being prepared, and the uncertainty of results. Conclusions and Relevance In this study of participants enrolled in a longitudinal aging study offered their research results, those with a parental history of AD dementia and Black participants were significantly more likely to decline. Qualitative interviews suggest that a family history of AD may create negative experiences and perceptions of the disease, which may influence the decision to learn results. Further research is needed to better understand racial differences in uptake and ensure that the choice to receive research results reflects individual preferences and wishes.
Effective TIL therapy for patients with checkpoint-resistant melanoma without lymphodepleting regimens requires interferon-alpha.
Authors: Els M.E. Verdegaal, Anique L.C. Verpoorte, Monique K. van der Kooij, Linda de Bruin, Marten Visser, Caroline E. van der Minne, Vera Weeda, Inge C.F.M. Roozen, Mare A. Jonker, Inge M. Westra, Pauline Meij, Frank M. Speetjens, Stephanie M. Zunder, Gerrit-Jan Liefers, Saskia J. Santegoets, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Ellen H.W. Kapiteijn
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2025)

Abstract Purpose: Melanoma patients progressing despite immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) may benefit from adoptive transfer of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Patients and Methods: We investigated the impact of a pegylated interferon-alpha (IFNa) conditioning and support regimen on the safety and efficacy of TIL plus Nivolumab (NCT03638375). ICB-resistant stage III/IV melanoma patients were treated with TIL plus Nivolumab without (n=9) or with (n=25) IFNa. Results: The treatment was safe, side effects include IFNa-induced lymphopenia (16%) and neutropenia (12%). No febrile neutropenia and no &amp;gt; grade 4 adverse events were observed. Disease control was obtained in 11.1% (95% CI: -14.5%-36.7%) of the patients treated without and in 41.7% (95% CI: 20.4%-62.9%) of the patients treated with IFNa, clearly suggesting the need for IFNa support. IFNa treatment strongly reduced the numbers of circulating leukocytes and neutrophils, more consistently in therapy responders. No differences were observed in the phenotype and dose of TIL administered. Conclusion: Taken together, our low-toxicity therapy comprising TIL, Nivolumab and IFNa is safe, shows evidence of clinical activity, and may be particularly suitable for more frail patients who are less able to tolerate lymphodepletion and high-dose interleukin-2 regimens.
Phosphoantigen-induced inside-out stabilization of butyrophilin receptor complexes drives dimerization-dependent γδ TCR activation
Authors: Yuwei Zhu, Wenbo Gao, Jianlin Zheng, Ye Bai, Xinyu Tian, Tengjin Huang, Zebin Lu, De Dong, Anqi Zhang, Changyou Guo, Zhiwei Huang
Journal: Immunity (2025)
Exercise Recommendations and Practical Considerations for Asthma Management—An EAACI Position Paper
Authors: Oliver J. Price, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Darío Antolín Amérigo, Vibeke Backer, Valérie Bougault, Stefano Del Giacco, Radoslaw Gawlik, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia, Enrico Heffler, Christer Janson, Vanessa M. McDonald, André Moreira, Andrew Simpson, Matteo Bonini
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT Exercise is an important treatment for people with asthma and should be considered alongside pharmacological therapy when developing personalised asthma management plans. Despite this, there remains limited guidance concerning the practicalities of asthma‐specific exercise prescription. This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology task force was therefore established to achieve three fundamental aims: first, to provide an up‐to‐date perspective concerning the role of exercise for asthma management (i.e., describe the disease modifying potential of exercise and associated impact on asthma‐related extrapulmonary comorbidities); second, to develop pragmatic recommendations to facilitate safe and effective exercise prescription; and third, to identify key unmet needs and provide focused direction for future research. The position paper is structured as a practically focused document, with recommendations formulated according to best available scientific evidence and expert opinion, with an emphasis on providing healthcare providers with pragmatic advice that can be implemented during routine asthma review.
Effect modification of serum omega-3 fatty acids on the associations between urinary phthalate biomarkers mixture and pregnancy outcomes among women seeking fertility care
Authors: Xilin Shen, Maximilien Génard-Walton, Paige L. Williams, Jennifer B. Ford, Irene Souter, Yazeed Allan, Antonia M. Calafat, Dan Zhang, Jorge E. Chavarro, Russ Hauser, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2025)

Phthalate exposures are ubiquitous and have been associated with pregnancy complications. Interaction between serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3PUFA) and phthalate biomarkers is biologically plausible because both can bind to human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) which are involved in placenta development. However, evidence of this interaction in humans is lacking. To evaluate whether serum n3PUFA modifies the associations of biomarkers of phthalate exposure on pregnancy outcomes. Among 351 women undergoing in vitro fertilization in the Environment and Reproductive Health study (2004-2017), we evaluated the effect modification of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the association of pregnancy outcomes with the mixture of urinary concentrations of phthalate biomarkers by quantile g-computation. All models were adjusted for age, body mass index, prior smoking, infertility diagnosis, treatment year, and urinary specific gravity. Concentrations of the phthalate biomarkers mixture were associated with higher adjusted probabilities of pregnancy loss and lower estimated probabilities of live birth among women with serum EPA+DHA in the lowest tertile (< 2.66% of total fatty acids), but not among women with middle-to-high serum EPA+DHA (p interactions = 0.06 and 0.15, respectively). Among women in the lowest tertile of serum EPA+DHA, the adjusted probability [95% confidence interval (CI)] of pregnancy loss for women in the lowest and highest quartile of phthalates mixtures was 5% (2%, 16%) and 44% (23%, 85%), respectively (p trend = 0.01). The corresponding estimates were 14% (5%, 41%) and 11% (3%, 42%) among women with serum EPA+DHA in the highest tertile (⩾ 3.78% of total fatty acids) (p trend = 0.81). Similar trends were observed for live birth but not for implantation and clinical pregnancy. This study suggests adverse effects of phthalate exposure on pregnancy loss and live birth may be attenuated by intakes of n3PUFA. These results, if replicated, could inform clinical practice reducing the burden of infertility by phthalate exposure among the general population and improving pregnancy outcomes among subfertile couples.. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15942.
Genetic biomarker study of sunvozertinib for clinical prognosis and prediction in NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutation
Authors: Yan Xu, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Yanqiu Zhao, Ludovic Doucet, Jianying Zhou, Yongsheng Wang, David Planchard, Yun Fan, Bo Jin, Zhigang Han, Laurent Greillier, Julien Mazieres, Meili Sun, Ying Hu, Xia Song, Cuimin Ding, Lin Wu, Kejing Tang, Li Liang, Yu Yao, Ying Cheng, Yong He, Bruna Pellini Ferreira, François Ghiringhelli, Enriqueta Felip, Joaquim Bosch-Barrera, Anwen Liu, Yan Yu, Xiaorong Dong, Junzhen Gao, D Ross Camidge, Weiqi Nian, Chengzhi Zhou, Runxiang Yang, Thomas John, Bo Gao, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Misako Nagasaka, Jianghong Wang, Xiubao Ren, Fei Xu, Wen Li, Dahai Zhao, Huijie Wang, Si Sun, Jian'an Huang, Xuehua Zhu, Li Zheng, Pasi A Jänne, Mengzhao Wang
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)
Rapid development of a registry to accelerate COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials
Authors: Neil F Abernethy, Kylie McCloskey, Meg Trahey, Laurie Rinn, Gail Broder, Michele Andrasik, Rebecca Laborde, Daniel McGhan, Scott Spendolini, Senthil Marimuthu, Adam Kanzmeier, Jayson Hanes, James G Kublin
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)
Unmasking Convergent Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Asthma
Authors: Konstantinos Tourlakopoulos, Georgios Mavrovounis, Lamprini Kontopoulou, Spyros Polyzois, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Paraskevi Kirgou, Zoe Daniil, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, Ourania S. Kotsiou
Journal: Allergy (2025)
Simultaneous detection of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes with the open source, cloud-based, CZ ID platform
Authors: Dan Lu, Katrina L Kalantar, Abigail L Glascock, Victoria T Chu, Estella S Guerrero, Nina Bernick, Xochitl Butcher, Kirsty Ewing, Elizabeth Fahsbender, Olivia Holmes, Erin Hoops, Ann E Jones, Ryan Lim, Suzette McCanny, Lucia Reynoso, Karyna Rosario, Jennifer Tang, Omar Valenzuela, Peter M Mourani, Amy J Pickering, Amogelang R Raphenya, Brian P Alcock, Andrew G McArthur, Charles R Langelier
Journal: Genome Medicine (2025)
Anaphylaxis Induced by Goat's and Sheep's Milk: An Allergen That We Should Keep Under Surveillance
Authors: Guillaume Pouessel, Elleni‐Sofia Vaia, Catharina Chatain, Valérie Liabeuf, Camille Braun, Anne‐Karine Correard, Elena Bradatan, Pascale Dumond, Yasemin Karaca‐Altintas, Pascale Beaumont, Delphine Delalande, Sélina Tscheiller, Xavier Van der Brempt, Carine Metz‐Favre, Amandine Divaret‐Chauveau, Dominique Sabouraud‐Leclerc
Journal: Allergy (2025)
Multi-omics analysis reveals immunosuppression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma induced by creatine accumulation and HK3 deficiency
Authors: Yingzhen Gao, Siyu He, Xiaoyan Meng, Kun Zheng, Heyang Cui, Yikun Cheng, Xinyuan Shen, Yuanfang Zhai, Binbin Zou, Fang Wang, Hongyi Li, Pengzhou Kong, Yanqiang Wang, Xuefei Feng, Bin Yang, Ruifang Sun, Yongsheng Meng, Enwei Xu, Yanlin Guo, Ning Ding, Weimin Zhang, Xiaolong Cheng, Lunzhi Dai, Yongping Cui, Ling Zhang
Journal: Genome Medicine (2025)
Neuromelanin and selective neuronal vulnerability to Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Anastasia Filimontseva, YuHong Fu, Miquel Vila, Glenda M Halliday
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2025)

Neuromelanin is a unique pigment made by some human catecholamine neurons. These neurons survive with their neuromelanin content for a lifetime but can also be affected by age-related neurodegenerative conditions, as observed using new neuromelanin imaging techniques. The limited quantities of neuromelanin has made understanding its normal biology difficult, but recent rodent and primate models, as well as omics studies, have confirmed its importance for selective neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). We review the development of neuromelanin in dopamine versus noradrenaline neurons and focus on previously overlooked cellular organelles in neuromelanin formation and function. We discuss the role of neuromelanin in stimulating endogenous α-synuclein misfolding in PD which renders neuromelanin granules vulnerable, and can exacerbates other pathogenic processes.