tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of winter hospitalisation and death from acute respiratory infections in Scotland: national retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ting Shi, Tristan Millington, Chris Robertson, Karen Jeffrey, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Colin McCowan, Colin R Simpson, Lana Woolford, Luke Daines, Steven Kerr, Ben Swallow, Adeniyi Fagbamigbe, Catalina A Vallejos, David Weatherill, Sandra Jayacodi, Kimberly Marsh, Jim McMenamin, Igor Rudan, Lewis Duthie Ritchie, Tanja Mueller, Amanj Kurdi, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2024)

Objectives We undertook a national analysis to characterise and identify risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) resulting in hospitalisation during the winter period in Scotland. Design A population-based retrospective cohort analysis. Setting Scotland. Participants The study involved 5.4 million residents in Scotland. Main outcome measures Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between risk factors and ARI hospitalisation. Results Between 1 September 2022 and 31 January 2023, there were 22,284 (10.9% of 203,549 with any emergency hospitalisation) ARI hospitalisations (1759 in children and 20,525 in adults) in Scotland. Compared with the reference group of children aged 6–17 years, the risk of ARI hospitalisation was higher in children aged 3–5 years (aHR = 4.55; 95% CI: 4.11–5.04). Compared with those aged 25–29 years, the risk of ARI hospitalisation was highest among the oldest adults aged ≥80 years (aHR = 7.86; 95% CI: 7.06–8.76). Adults from more deprived areas (most deprived vs. least deprived, aHR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.57–1.72), with existing health conditions (≥5 vs. 0 health conditions, aHR = 4.84; 95% CI: 4.53–5.18) or with history of all-cause emergency admissions (≥6 vs. 0 previous emergency admissions, aHR = 7.53; 95% CI: 5.48–10.35) were at a higher risk of ARI hospitalisations. The risk increased by the number of existing health conditions and previous emergency admission. Similar associations were seen in children. Conclusions Younger children, older adults, those from more deprived backgrounds and individuals with greater numbers of pre-existing conditions and previous emergency admission were at increased risk for winter hospitalisations for ARI.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiling of peripheral T cell lymphoma reveals distinct molecular and microenvironment subtypes
Authors: Yao-Hui Huang, Yu-Ran Qiu, Qun-Ling Zhang, Ming-Ci Cai, Hao Yu, Jian-Ming Zhang, Lu Jiang, Meng-Meng Ji, Peng-Peng Xu, Li Wang, Shu Cheng, Wei-Li Zhao
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas varying in clinical, phenotypic, and genetic features. The molecular pathogenesis and the role of the tumor microenvironment in PTCL are poorly understood, with limited biomarkers available for genetic subtyping and targeted therapies. Through an integrated genomic and transcriptomic study of 221 PTCL patients, we delineate the genetic landscape of PTCL, enabling molecular and microenvironment classification. According to the mutational status of RHOA, TET2, histone-modifying, and immune-related genes, PTCL is divided into 4 molecular subtypes with discrete patterns of gene expression, biological aberrations, and vulnerabilities to targeted agents. We also perform an unsupervised clustering on the microenvironment transcriptional signatures and categorize PTCL into 4 lymphoma microenvironment subtypes based on characteristic activation of oncogenic pathways and composition of immune communities. Our findings highlight the potential clinical rationale of future precision medicine strategies that target both molecular and microenvironment alterations in PTCL.
Prevalence of Inadequate Nutrition Among Children Aged 6 to 23 Months in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Jonathan Gorstein, Suzinne Pak-Gorstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

poor diets, it is imperative that countries prioritize efforts to strengthen social behavior change and communications to increase awareness among parents and caregivers of the importance of complementary foods along with culturally specific guidelines on the preparation of nutritious, complementary foods.While achievement of a minimum dietary diversity may be beyond the means of some families, there are ways to increase the nutrient density of diets, such as adding critical vitamins and minerals through fortification of staple foods like wheat, maize, rice, and other cereals that constitute the main source of dietary energy in many low-income households. 8Similarly, use of iodized salt is a low-cost way to ensure optimal intake of iodine.These data provide a bleak picture of the challenges facing millions of young children and should spur policy makers to prioritize ensuring that the youngest and most vulnerable segments of their countries' populations achieve their full potential to thrive.
Foster Care Involvement Among Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lindsay Shea, Melissa L. Villodas, Jonas Ventimiglia, Amy Blank Wilson, Dylan Cooper
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) are more likely to be placed in foster care than other youth. Examining the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of youth with I/DD in the foster care system is critical for identifying disparities and understanding service needs. Objective To produce a population-level analysis of youth with I/DD in foster care that examines differences in rates of foster care involvement based on race, ethnicity, age, and sex. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study involved all individuals with I/DD 21 years and younger enrolled in Medicaid through foster care in 2016 via data from Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) for all 50 US states and Washington, DC. As a key insurer of I/DD services and foster care, Medicaid claims offer a timely population-level analysis. Youth with I/DD were grouped into diagnostic subgroups: autism spectrum disorder (ASD) only, intellectual disability only, or ASD and ID. The data analysis took place from July 2022 to September 2023. Exposure TAF data contain Medicaid enrollment information by month with a binary indicator of foster care involvement, and eligibility files identify race, ethnicity, age, and sex. Main Outcomes and Measures The period prevalence of foster care involvement was determined among I/DD youth by diagnostic subgroups using an intersectional approach across race, ethnicity, age, and sex. Logistic regression examined associations between risk for foster care involvement and race, ethnicity, age, and sex. Results A total of 39 143 youth with I/DD had foster care involvement in 2016. Black youth (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.28-1.47) and females (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.1-1.27) had increased likelihood for foster care involvement. The likelihood for foster care involvement increased with age in all groups relative to the age group 0 to 5 years old. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that among youth with I/DD, Black youth and females faced higher risk for foster care involvement, and the likelihood of foster care involvement increased with age. There is an urgent need for research that focuses on addressing system-level factors that drive increased risk. Understanding the specific health needs of Black and female youth with I/DD is critical to ensure the formation, implementation, and monitoring of equitable delivery of health services.
<i>RAS/RAF</i> Comutation and <i>ERBB2</i> Copy Number Modulates HER2 Heterogeneity and Responsiveness to HER2-directed Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Harshabad Singh, Pranshu Sahgal, Kevin Kapner, Steven M. Corsello, Hersh Gupta, Rahul Gujrathi, Yvonne Y. Li, Andrew D. Cherniack, Raquelle El Alam, Joseph Kerfoot, Elizabeth Andrews, Annette Lee, Chetan Nambiar, Alison M. Hannigan, Joshua Remland, Lauren Brais, Meghan E. Leahy, Douglas A. Rubinson, Benjamin L. Schlechter, Matthew Meyerson, Yanan Kuang, Cloud P. Paweletz, Jessica K. Lee, Julia C.F. Quintanilha, Andrew J. Aguirre, Kimberly J. Perez, Brandon M. Huffman, Humberto Rossi, Thomas A. Abrams, Sheheryar Kabraji, Livio Trusolino, Andrea Bertotti, Ewa T. Sicinska, Aparna R. Parikh, Brian M. Wolpin, Alexa B. Schrock, Marios Giannakis, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Jason L. Hornick, Nilay S. Sethi, James M. Cleary
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancer is a distinct molecular subtype with expanding treatments. Implications of concurrent oncogenic RAS/RAF alterations are not known. Experimental Design: Dana-Farber and Foundation Medicine Inc. Colorectal cancer cohorts with genomic profiling were used to identify ERBB2-amplified cases [Dana-Farber, n = 47/2,729 (1.7%); FMI, n = 1857/49,839 (3.7%)]. Outcomes of patients receiving HER2-directed therapies are reported (Dana-Farber, n = 9; Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine clinicogenomic database, FH-FMI CGDB, n = 38). Multisite HER2 IHC and genomic profiling were performed to understand HER2 intratumoral and interlesional heterogeneity. The impact of concurrent RAS comutations on the effectiveness of HER2-directed therapies were studied in isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines and xenografts. Results: ERBB2 amplifications are enriched in left-sided colorectal cancer. Twenty percent of ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancers have co-occurring oncogenic RAS/RAF alterations. While RAS/RAF WT colorectal cancers typically have clonal ERBB2 amplification, colorectal cancers with co-occurring RAS/RAF alterations have lower level ERRB2 amplification, higher intratumoral heterogeneity, and interlesional ERBB2 discordance. These distinct genomic patterns lead to differential responsiveness and patterns of resistance to HER2-directed therapy. ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancer with RAS/RAF alterations are resistant to trastuzumab-based combinations, such as trastuzumab/tucatinib, but retain sensitivity to trastuzumab deruxtecan in in vitro and murine models. Trastuzumab deruxtecan shows clinical efficacy in cases with high-level ERBB2-amplified RAS/RAF coaltered colorectal cancer. Conclusions: Co-occurring RAS/RAF alterations define a unique subtype of ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancer that has increased intratumoral heterogeneity, interlesional discordance, and resistance to trastuzumab-based combinations. Further examination of trastuzumab deruxtecan in this previously understudied cohort of ERBB2-amplified colorectal cancer is warranted.
Validation of the Prognostic Performance of Breast Cancer Index in Hormone Receptor–Positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients in the TEAM Trial
Authors: John M.S. Bartlett, Keying Xu, Jenna Wong, Gregory Pond, Yi Zhang, Melanie Spears, Ranelle Salunga, Elizabeth Mallon, Karen J. Taylor, Annette Hasenburg, Christos Markopoulos, Luc Dirix, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Daniel Rea, Catherine A. Schnabel, Kai Treuner, Jane Bayani
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: Patients with early-stage hormone receptor–positive (HR+) breast cancer face a prolonged risk of recurrence even after adjuvant endocrine therapy. The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is significantly prognostic for overall (0–10 years) and late (5–10 years) distant recurrence (DR) risk in N0 and N1 patients. Here, BCI prognostic performance was evaluated in HR+ postmenopausal women from the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Experimental Design: 3,544 patients were included in the analysis (N = 1,519 N0, N = 2,025 N+). BCI risk groups were calculated using pre-specified cutoff points. Kaplan–Meier analyses and log-rank tests were used to assess the prognostic significance of BCI risk groups based on DR. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox models with and without clinical covariates. Results: For overall 10-year DR, BCI was significantly prognostic in Ni0 (N = 1,196) and N1 (N = 1,234) patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In patients who were DR-free for 5 years, 10-year late DR rates for low- and high-risk groups were 5.4% and 9.3% (N0 cohort, N = 1,285) and 4.8% and 12.2% (N1 cohort, N = 1,625) with multivariate HRs of 2.25 (95% CI, 1.30–3.88; P = 0.004) and 2.67 (95% CI, 1.53–4.63; P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. Late DR performance was substantially improved using previously optimized cutoff points, identifying BCI low-risk groups with even lower 10-year late DR rates of 3.8% and 2.7% in N0 and N1 patients, respectively. Conclusions: The TEAM trial represents the largest prognostic validation study for BCI to date and provides a more representative assessment of late DR risk to guide individualized treatment decision-making for HR+ patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Gender Differences in Faculty Perceptions of Mentorship and Sponsorship
Authors: Christina M. Cutter, Kent A. Griffith, Isis H. Settles, Abigail J. Stewart, Eve A. Kerr, Eva L. Feldman, Reshma Jagsi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This survey study examines gender differences in mid- to senior-career faculty experiences of receiving and providing mentorship and sponsorship during early career development.
Author Correction: Hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Josep M. Llovet, Robin Kate Kelley, Augusto Villanueva, Amit G. Singal, Eli Pikarsky, Sasan Roayaie, Riccardo Lencioni, Kazuhiko Koike, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Richard S. Finn
Journal: Nature Reviews Disease Primers (2024)

5-year median recurrence-free survival)," appeared as "65% vs 70% (Represents 5-year progression-free survival)".
Disability and Foster Care—A Damning Indictment
Authors: David S. Mandell, Barbara H. Chaiyachati
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
The Perils of Artificial Intelligence in a Clinical Landscape
Authors: Isabel Ostrer, Louise Aronson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Prevalence of Children Aged 6 to 23 Months Who Did Not Consume Animal Milk, Formula, or Solid or Semisolid Food During the Last 24 Hours Across Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Omar Karlsson, Rockli Kim, S. V. Subramanian
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The introduction of solid or semisolid foods alongside breast milk plays a vital role in meeting nutritional requirements during early childhood, which is crucial for child growth and development. Understanding the prevalence of zero-food children (defined for research purposes as children aged 6 to 23 months who did not consume animal milk, formula, or solid or semisolid food during the last 24 hours) is essential for targeted interventions to improve feeding practices. Objective To estimate the percentage of zero-food children in 92 low- and middle-income countries. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional household data of children aged 6 to 23 months from the Demographic and Health Surveys and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys conducted between May 20, 2010, and January 27, 2022. Data were obtained from 92 low- and middle-income countries. Standardized procedures were followed to ensure data comparability and reliability. Both percentage and number of zero-food children were estimated. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome studied was defined as a binary variable indicating children aged 6 to 23 months who had not been fed any animal milk, formula, or solid or semisolid foods during the 24 hours before each survey, as reported by the mother or caretaker. Results A sample of 276 379 children aged 6 to 23 months (mean age, 14.2 months [95% CI, 14.15-14.26 months]) in 92 low- and middle-income countries was obtained, of whom 51.4% (95% CI, 51.1%-51.8%) were boys. The estimated percentage of zero-food children was 10.4% (95% CI, 10.1%-10.7%) in the pooled sample, ranging from 0.1% (95% CI, 0%-0.6%) in Costa Rica to 21.8% (95% CI, 19.3%-24.4%) in Guinea. The prevalence of zero-food children was particularly high in West and Central Africa, where the overall prevalence was 10.5% (95% CI, 10.1%-11.0%), and in India, where the prevalence was 19.3% (95% CI, 18.9%-19.8%). India accounted for almost half of zero-food children in this study. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of 276 379 children aged 6 to 23 months, substantial disparities in the estimates of food consumption across 92 low- and middle-income countries were found. The prevalence of zero-food children underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve infant and young child feeding practices and ensure optimal nutrition during this critical period of development. The issue is particularly urgent in West and Central Africa and India.
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Culturable Virus Shedding in Children by Vaccination Status—Reply
Authors: Nikhilesh Kumar, Eran Bendavid, Neeraj Sood
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

In Reply We thank Donzelli and Berrino for their interest in our research.1 While reviewing the response letter and our data we noticed a minor error that we have corrected. This error did not affect our conclusions.
Health AI Assurance Laboratories
Authors: William W. Stead, Constantin Aliferis
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reasons for Nonparticipation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
Authors: Ana L. Terry, Edwina Wambogo, Kelley S. Scanlon, Cheryl D. Fryar, Melissa Abelev, Amanda Reat, Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study evaluates reasons reported for not participating in or withdrawing participation from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 2019 to March 2020.
Health AI Assurance Laboratories—Reply
Authors: Nigam H. Shah, John D. Halamka, Brian Anderson
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patient Navigator Intervention to Improve Palliative Care Outcomes for Hispanic Patients With Serious Noncancer Illness
Authors: Stacy M. Fischer, Sung-Joon Min, Danielle M. Kline, Kathleen Lester, Wendolyn Gozansky, Christopher Schifeling, John Himberger, Joseph Lopez, Regina M. Fink
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Disparities persist across the trajectory of serious illness, including at the end of life. Patient navigation has been shown to reduce disparities and improve outcomes for underserved populations.