tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of robot-assisted surgery in cancer patients: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Kai Yu, Baoqi Zeng, Qingxin Zhou, Feng Sun
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The utilization of robot-assisted surgery (RAS) has been increasing among cancer patients. However, evidence supporting the use of RAS remains uncertain. The availability of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for each surgical procedure is limited. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of RAS in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was performed in Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov from the inception of the databases until 1 April 2023. We included RCTs of RAS in cancer patients compared with laparoscopic, thoracoscopic, or open surgery. Random effects meta-analyses were performed. Results: A total of 32 trials (6092 patients) met the eligibility criteria. Among these, 22 trials had a low risk of bias, seven trials had some concerns, and three trials were at high risk. Most trials were conducted for bladder cancer (n = 8), rectal cancer (n = 5), prostate cancer (n = 4), and endometrial cancer (n = 4). In all cancers, RAS likely resulted in a slight reduction in length of hospital stay (31 comparisons; mean difference [MD], − 0.91 days; 95% CI, − 1.33 to − 0.49), but resulted in little to no difference in overall survival (11 comparisons; hazard ratio [HR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.17). Compared with open surgery, RAS was found to reduce estimated blood loss (MD, − 239.1 ml; 95% CI, − 172.0 to − 306.2) and overall complication (relative risk [RR] 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.96), but increase total operative time (MD, 55.4 minutes; 95% CI, 30.9 to 80.0). Additionally, RAS seemed to be not associated with positive surgical margin, any recurrence, disease-free survival, and quality of life. Conclusion: RAS has demonstrated small favourable effects on short-term outcomes, particularly when compared to open surgery. However, these effects may vary across different cancers. Additionally, RAS may not impact long-term survival, oncological outcomes, or quality of life in cancer patients.
An Artificial Intelligence-driven Revolution in Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine
Authors: Jiekai Guan, Zuhao Li, Shihao Sheng, Qiushui Lin, Sicheng Wang, Dongliang Wang, Xiao Chen, Jiacan Su
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

With the advancement of population aging, the incidence of orthopedic diseases increases annually. The early diagnosis and precise treatment of many orthopedic diseases still require advancements in technology to address effectively. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), this technology is expected to achieve early diagnosis and improved treatment of many diseases, providing revolutionary changes in clinical. However, the integration of AI in orthopedics is still in its infancy, and its existing intelligent algorithms have been clinically applied models and their advantages need to be further summarized to pave the way for future development and exploration. The review provides a concise overview of the basic concepts and mechanisms of AI in orthopedics, and summarizes orthopedic surgery and sports medicine in four areas of application and development, specifically, developing precision diagnostics, assisting treatment, monitoring assisted during rehabilitation, and enhancing educational research and data analysis. In this section, the main focus is on each aspect of the AI programs that are now used in clinical applications, and also comparing them to the purely manual results. In conclusion, the continued application and development of AI are anticipated to enhance our understanding of the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of orthopedic diseases, ultimately laying the groundwork for more effective clinical applications.
Evaluating pathological complete response as an surrogate endpoint for long-term survival in patients with non–small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chao Li, Gaohaer Kadeerhan, Tongtong Zhang, Zaiwuli Yeerjiang, Yikun Yang, Jun Meng, Dongwen Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Purpose: Pathologic complete response (pCR) is deemed to associate with event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), however,whether it is suitable to serve as a surrogate endpoint for long-term survival in clinical trials of neo-adjuvant treatment for resectable NSCLC trials is still controversy. We aim to evaluate the role of pCR and its viability as a surrogate endpoint for EFS and OS in NSCLC. Methods : To investigate the association of pCR and EFS and OS, we performed a meta-analysis involving randomized clinical trials that have reported complete information on pCR rates with hazard ratios (HRs) for EFS and OS. A standard meta-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between pCR rates and EFS and OS. Additionally, weighted regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between log relative risk (RR) for pCR and log HRs for EFS and OS, with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) being used to quantify the correlations. Furthermore, the surrogate threshold effect (STE) was also used to evaluate the minimum value of the RR for pCR necessary to confidently predict a non-null effect on HRs for EFS and OS. Results: The meta-analysis included 14 randomized clinical trials. The high pCR rate group had significant improvement of EFS (HR = 0.690, 95%CI 0.552–0.862) and OS (HR = 0.820, 95%CI 0.715–0.940). A strong association was found between log RR for pCR and log HR for EFS (R 2 = 0.76; 95%CI 0.48–1.00) and a moderate correlation between log RR for pCR and log HR for OS (R 2 = 0.54; 95%CI 0.04–1.00). The STEs for pCR were 4.534 and 10.278 for EFS and OS, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, similar results were only observed in a partial set of comparisons. Conclusions: A high pCR rate was associated with a long-term survival outcome. Strong association and moderate association were found between pCR and EFS, pCR and OS, respectively, which supports the application of pCR as a surrogate endpoint for long-term survival in RCTs for resectable NSCLC.
Letter to the editor: Intrahepatic immunoglobulin A complex induces polarization of cancer-associated fibroblasts to matrix phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shuangshuang Ma, Jiao Chen, Jinpeng Li
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117,Shandong, People's Republic of China 2Department of Interventional Therapy I, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117,Shandong, People's Republic of China Correspondence Jinpeng Li, Department of Interventional Therapy I, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117,Shandong, People's Republic of China. Email: [email protected] This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Testing Interventions that Address Kidney Health Disparities
Authors: Keisha Bentley-Edwards, LáShauntá Glover, Amber E. Johnson, Dinushika Mohottige, Joy E. Obayemi, Stefany Olague, Melvin Thompson, Sri Lekha Tummalapalli, Megan Urbanski, Huiman Barnhart, Christina M. Wyatt
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Bentley-Edwards, Keisha; Glover, LáShauntá; Johnson, Amber E.; Mohottige, Dinushika; Obayemi, Joy E.; Olague, Stefany; Thompson, ; Tummalapalli, Sri Lekha; Urbanski, Megan; Barnhart, Huiman; Wyatt, Christina M.; for the ERASE-Kidney Disease Consortium Author Information
Stable isotope evidence for pre-colonial maize agriculture and animal management in the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Tiago Hermengildo, Heiko Prümers, Carla Jaimes Betancourt, Patrick Roberts, Tamsin C. O’Connell
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2024)

Abstract Over the past decade, multidisciplinary research has seen the Amazon Basin go from a context perceived as unfavourable for food production and large-scale human societies to one of ‘garden cities’, domestication, and anthropogenically influenced forests and soils. Nevertheless, direct insights into human interactions with particular crops and especially animals remain scarce across this vast area. Here we present new stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data from 86 human and 68 animal remains dating between ce ~700 and 1400 from the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia. We show evidence of human reliance on maize agriculture in the earliest phases before a reduction in the dietary importance of this crop between ce 1100 and 1400. We also provide evidence that muscovy ducks ( Cairina moschata ), the only known domesticated vertebrate in the South American lowlands, had substantial maize intake suggesting intentional feeding, or even their domestication, from as early as ce 800. Our data provide insights into human interactions with Amazonian ecosystems, including direct evidence for human management of animals in pre-colonial contexts, further enriching our understanding of human history in what was once considered a ‘counterfeit paradise’.
Transgender people experience more discrimination and violence than cisgender lesbian, gay, or bisexual people: a multilevel analysis across 30 European countries
Authors: Jacob Evje, Sam Fluit, Tilmann von Soest
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Introduction Considering recent waves of transphobia, it is crucial to comprehensively research transgender people's experiences with discrimination and violence. This study investigates the extent of discrimination and violence experienced by trans people and cisgender lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people in Europe. We explore how these experiences vary across countries, how they are affected by a person's disability and ethnic minority background, and whether experiences vary between trans women, trans men, and nonbinary people.
Improved Measurement of Treatment Effect in Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trials
Authors: Alessio Signori, Francesca Bovis, Maurizio Fedriga, Noemi Montobbio, Marta Ponzano, Irene Schiavetti, Maria Pia Sormani
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

This decision analytical applies restricted mean survival time as a measure of treatment effect in 2 randomized clinical trials assessing disease-modifying treatments vs placebo in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis.
Firearm and Motor Vehicle Pediatric Deaths—Intersections of Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity
Authors: Lois K. Lee, Suk-Fong S. Tang, William L. Cull, Eric W. Fleegler, Lynn M. Olson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Injuries from firearms and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading causes of death among US children and youths aged 0 to 19 years. Examining the intersections of age group, sex, race, and ethnicity is essential to focus prevention efforts. Objective To examine firearm and motor vehicle fatality rates by population subgroups and analyze changes over time. Design, Setting, Participants This cross-sectional study of firearm and MVC fatalities among US children and youths aged 0 to 19 years from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web-Based Injury Statistics and Query Reporting System from 2011 to 2021. Participants included American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian, Hawaiian Native, and Pacific Islander; Black; Hispanic; and White youths. Data analysis was conducted from July 2023 to May 2024. Exposure Firearm or MVC fatality. Main Outcome Measures Firearm and MVC fatality rates by year and over time, as measured by the Joinpoint regression annual percent change (APC). Results From 2011 to 2021 there were 35 684 firearm and 40 735 MVC fatalities among US youths aged 0 to 19 years. For firearm fatalities, there were 21 332 homicides (59.8%), 12 113 suicides (33.9%), 1359 unintentional shootings (3.8%), 277 by legal enforcement (0.8%), and 603 from unknown intents (1.6%). When considering the intersections of age group, sex, race, and ethnicity, for firearm homicides among youths aged 15 to 19 years, the APCs were similar for Black (21.8%) and Hispanic (22.2%) males from 2018 to 2021, although with different peak rates (104.22 per 100 000 individuals and 17.80 per 100 000 individuals, respectively, in 2021). Black females aged 15 to 19 years demonstrated a dramatic APC increase of 40.7% from 2019 to 2021 (peak rate, 14.07 per 100 000 individuals). For firearm suicide in youths aged 10 to 19 years by sex, Black females had the greatest APC increase of 22.0% from 2016 to 2021. For MVC fatalities, the highest APC increase of 24.9% occurred among American Indian and Alaska Native females aged 15 to 19 years from 2018 to 2021. The highest MVC fatality rates occurred in 2021 among American Indian and Alaska Native males (38.16 per 100 000 individuals) and females (29.31 per 100 000 individuals) aged 15 to 19 years. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, US youths aged 0 to 19 years experienced important disparities in firearm and MVC fatality rates and increases over time when considering the intersectionality by age group, sex, race, and ethnicity. These findings suggest that a multipronged strategy focused on individual, community, and policy level approaches for specific high-risk groups for each injury mechanism is necessary to address these leading causes of death in US youths.
Surgical Frailty and Health Care Utilization—The Chicken or the Egg
Authors: Jason M. Johanning
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The Investigational Device Exemption Effect—More Than Just Volume
Authors: Juliet Blakeslee Carter, Adam W. Beck
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Association of State Cannabis Legalization With Cannabis Use Disorder and Cannabis Poisoning
Authors: Jayani Jayawardhana, Jialin Hou, Patricia Freeman, Jeffery C. Talbert
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Whether state implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws is associated with increased cannabis use disorder (CUD) and/or cannabis poisoning among adults is not evident. To examine state-level medical and recreational cannabis laws' associations with CUD and cannabis poisoning, overall and by sex and age subgroups. In this longitudinal cohort study, state-level CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses from January 2011 to December 2021 were examined across all 50 US states and the District of Columbia before and after the implementation of medical and recreational cannabis laws (MCLs and RCLs, respectively) using a staggered adoption difference-in-differences approach. Event studies were conducted to estimate the magnitude of the association for each year-quarter relative to the time of each policy implementation. This study was conducted among all adults aged 18 to 64 years enrolled in the Merative MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, a database of employer-sponsored health insurance enrollees, with 1 year or more of continuous enrollment from 2011 to 2021. Data analysis was performed from January to August 2024. State implementation of an MCL, opening a medical cannabis dispensary (MCD), allowing home cultivation of medical cannabis (HC-MC), and passage of an RCL. CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses per 100 000 enrollees per quarter. This study included 110 256 536 enrollees, of whom 56 843 030 (52%) were female and the mean (SD) enrollee age was 41.0 (13.5) years. MCLs were associated with significant increases in CUD and cannabis poisoning by 31.09 (95% CI, 20.20-41.99; P < .001) and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.52-1.00; P < .001) diagnoses per 100 000 enrollees per quarter, respectively, and RCLs were associated with a significant increase in cannabis poisoning by 0.34 (95% CI, 0.19-0.48; P < .001) per 100 000 enrollees per quarter in states with RCLs compared to states without these laws. No significant associations were observed for MCDs or HC-MC. Relative increases in CUD associated with MCLs were higher among female enrollees and among enrollees aged 35 to 44 years compared with male enrollees and other age groups, respectively. Sensitivity analysis results of 2011 to 2019 data were consistent with the 2011 to 2021 results. In this longitudinal cohort study, MCLs were associated with increased CUD and cannabis poisoning diagnoses, and RCLs were associated with increased cannabis poisoning in adults aged 18 to 64 years with employer-sponsored health insurance. Communities with increased access to cannabis may experience increased health care use and costs due to increases in cannabis poisoning and CUD, and new clinical and policy interventions are needed to curb these rising diagnoses.
Gestational Exposure to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Childhood
Authors: You-Lin Tain, Lung-Chih Li, Hsiao-Ching Kuo, Chiu-Ju Chen, Chien-Ning Hsu
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Gestational exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of adverse fetal kidney outcomes. However, details regarding timing, specific NSAIDs, and long-term childhood kidney outcomes are limited. Objective To evaluate the association between gestational exposure to NSAIDs and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants This national cohort study assessed 1 025 255 children born alive in Taiwan from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Children without valid maternal-child linkage and with incomplete birth information were excluded. Data analysis was performed from November 30, 2023, to April 30, 2024. Exposure Maternal prescriptions for NSAIDs from the last menstrual period to birth. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was childhood CKD, including congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and other kidney diseases. Cox proportional hazards regression models with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (weighted hazard ratio [wHR]) and a robust sandwich estimator were used to estimate the relative risk of NSAID exposure in pregnancy, adjusted for newborn characteristics. Results This study included 163 516 singleton-born children (24.0%) whose mothers (mean [SD] age at birth of child, 31.25 [4.92] years) used at least 1 dispensing of an NSAID during pregnancy. Gestational NSAID exposure was significantly associated with a higher risk of childhood CKD (wHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). No association was observed between NSAID use and fetal nephrotoxicity in sibling comparisons. Elevated risks were revealed for exposure during the second trimester (wHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28) and the third trimester (wHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) in singleton-born children. Specific NSAID exposures associated with higher CKD risk included indomethacin (wHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.60) and ketorolac (wHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.62) in the first trimester, diclofenac (wHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42) and mefenamic acid (wHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46) in the second trimester, and ibuprofen (wHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.68) in the third trimester. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, gestational exposure to NSAIDs was not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of childhood CKD when comparing between siblings. However, the findings underscore the need for caution when prescribing NSAIDs during pregnancy, particularly indomethacin and ketorolac in the first trimester, mefenamic acid and diclofenac in the second trimester, and ibuprofen in the third trimester, to ensure the safety of the offspring’s kidneys.
Unseen Impacts of Team-Based Documentation
Authors: Jiashu Han, Dan Shan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal