tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16055: Lipoprotein Subclasses, Size, and Statin-Associated Incident Diabetes: An Analysis From the JUPITER Trial
Authors: Sagar Dugani, Akintunde O Akinkuolie, Robert J Glynn, Paul M Ridker, Samia Mora
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Statins reduce CVD events, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, with an increased risk of diabetes. The underlying predictors of statin-associated diabetes are unclear. We evaluated lipoprotein subclass and size changes in response to rosuvastatin to identify predictors of diabetes on statin therapy Among 11,918 non-diabetic participants in JUPITER (NCT00239681), lipoprotein subclasses and size were quantified by NMR spectroscopy (LipoScience, NC) prior to and 1 year after randomization to placebo or rosuvastatin (total 370 incident diabetes). Cox regression models were adjusted for diabetes risk factors Compared to baseline, rosuvastatin lowered LDL-C and particles by lowering cholesterol-enriched large LDL (58%) and IDL (46%), with less relative lowering of cholesterol-poor small LDL (22%), resulting in smaller LDL size (1.5%). Rosuvastatin lowered (15%-20%) triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides, and VLDL particles by lowering large (15%), medium (7%), and small (27%) particles, and increasing VLDL size (3%) (all p&lt;0.0001). Among statin-allocated individuals, after adjusting for typical risk factors, incident diabetes was inversely associated with baseline levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, large LDL particles, and LDL size, and positively associated with baseline triglycerides, non-HDL-C, ApoB, LDL particles, VLDL particles, VLDL triglycerides and size (Table). Similar associations were seen in on-treatment rosuvastatin and placebo groups In JUPITER, random allocation to rosuvastatin altered the lipoprotein subclass profile in a manner associated with the development of diabetes Adjusted Hazard Ratios (95% CI) and Risk of Incident Diabetes with Rosuvastatin Baseline parameters HR per 1-SD p value LDL-C .86 (0.76-0.98) .02 HDL-C .69 (0.54-0.87) .002 Triglycerides 1.62 (1.41-1.86) &lt;.0001 Non-HDL-C 1.20 (1.04-1.39) .01 ApoB 1.35 (1.18-1.55) &lt;.0001 Total LDL* 1.32 (1.15-1.51) &lt;.0001 Large LDL* .79 (0.71-0.87) &lt;.0001 Small LDL* 1.71 (1.40-2.08) &lt;.0001 IDL* .97 (0.85-1.11) .69 LDL size .66 (0.58-0.75) &lt;.0001 Total VLDL* 1.16 (1.00-1.34) .046 Large VLDL* 1.78 (1.51-2.10) &lt;.0001 Medium VLDL* 1.35 (1.15-1.58) .0002 Small VLDL* .93 (0.82-1.06) .30 VLDL size 1.58 (1.39-1.80) &lt;.0001 VLDL triglycerides 1.51 (1.31-1.73) &lt;.0001 *particles
Characterization of Conserved Toxicogenomic Responses in Chemically Exposed Hepatocytes across Species and Platforms
Authors: Nehme El-Hachem, Patrick Grossmann, Alexis Blanchet-Cohen, Alain R. Bateman, Nicolas Bouchard, Jacques Archambault, Hugo J.W.L. Aerts, Benjamin Haibe-Kains
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Genome-wide expression profiling is increasingly being used to identify transcriptional changes induced by drugs and environmental stressors. In this context, the Toxicogenomics Project-Genomics Assisted Toxicity Evaluation system (TG-GATEs) project generated transcriptional profiles from rat liver samples and human/rat cultured primary hepatocytes exposed to more than 100 different chemicals.To assess the capacity of the cell culture models to recapitulate pathways induced by chemicals in vivo, we leveraged the TG-GATEs data set to compare the early transcriptional responses observed in the liver of rats treated with a large set of chemicals with those of cultured rat and human primary hepatocytes challenged with the same compounds in vitro.We developed a new pathway-based computational pipeline that efficiently combines gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using pathways from the Reactome database with biclustering to identify common modules of pathways that are modulated by several chemicals in vivo and in vitro across species.We found that some chemicals induced conserved patterns of early transcriptional responses in in vitro and in vivo settings, and across human and rat genomes. These responses involved pathways of cell survival, inflammation, xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Moreover, our results support the transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-βR) signaling pathway as a candidate biomarker associated with exposure to environmental toxicants in primary human hepatocytes.Our integrative analysis of toxicogenomics data provides a comprehensive overview of biochemical perturbations affected by a large panel of chemicals. Furthermore, we show that the early toxicological response occurring in animals is recapitulated in human and rat primary hepatocyte cultures at the molecular level, indicating that these models reproduce key pathways in response to chemical stress. These findings expand our understanding and interpretation of toxicogenomics data from human hepatocytes exposed to environmental toxicants.
Fusidic acid cream for impetigo
Authors: Erwin M Brown, Richard Wise
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Innuendo in article is insultingEditor-Yamey and Wilkes offer tabloid journalism to advance their position by saying that they dared to tread on the toes of a powerful pro-screening lobby. 1 They point out that this lobby has major competing interests, since it has a financial stake in offering investigations and treatments for prostate cancer.Even some of the charity groups in this lobby have competing interests, since they receive funding from manufacturers of treatments for prostate cancer or have ties with the American Urological Association.The backlash against their piece, they say, smells like a battle to hold on to power and money.I am a survivor of prostate cancer caught by screening, and I am insulted by the impli-cation that we survivors who object to their distortion of evidence on screening for prostate cancer are part of a dark conspiracy, a "lobby" orchestrated by powerful self serving interests.We survivors want only one thing: that no man be "blind sided" by prostate cancer because of ignorance of the potential and thus no opportunity to exercise the right to decide for himself.Nobody tells us what to say, nor what we want.In September 1994 I was "caught" by screening during the annual prostate cancer awareness week, with prostate specific antigen (PSA) of 14 ng/ml at the age of 57.This prompted the urology consultation that found an irregular prostate gland by digital rectal examination, and the resulting ultrasound guided biopsy found four cores out of seven cancerous.In December 1994 another asymptomatic man, because of my experience with screening, received a diagnosis at age 64, PSA 4 + , but a more aggressive cancer on biopsy (Gleason 4 + 3).He chose not to intervene.In September 1997 his PSA was 10, in December 1997, 90.He was buried in the summer of 1998, his last months in a morphine induced stupor.My intervention, on the other hand, was state of the art for the time, a combination of hormonal ablation, external radiation, and implanted radiation.My PSA on 16 July 2001 was 0.11 ng/ml.My quality of life is compromised only by mild urinary urgency and increased frequency, and a slightly less than average sexual capability for a man of 64.Small inconveniences compared with dying.Pain associated with screening?Discomfort more accurately describes the process itself.Psychological trauma?Compared with dying, minimal.Mortality from prostate cancer declined over 18% from 1993 to 1998.Screening works.But, more importantly, men do not need protective paternalistic doctors interfering with their health decisions by presenting distortions of studies and research as anti-screening fact.
Abstract 3786: Exercise Capacity is Associated with Lower Mortality Risk in African-Americans than Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Peter Kokkinos, Jonathan Myers, John Peter Kokkinos, Andreas Pittaras, Athanasios Manolis, Eric Nylen, Joshua Abella, Leon Hsu, Puneet Narayan, Roshney Jacob, Steven Singh
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction : Exercise capacity is inversely associated with mortality in healthy and diabetic individuals. African-Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and overall mortality compared to Caucasians. Moreover, there is evidence that African-American diabetics have lower exercise capacity than Caucasians. Consequently, increased exercise capacity may affect African-Americans differently. To test this hypothesis, we assessed relationships between exercise capacity and mortality in African-American and Caucasian diabetics. Method: African-American (n=1,449; age=60 ± 10) and Caucasian (n=760; age=61 ± 10) male diabetics underwent a routine exercise test. Peak workload was estimated as metabolic equivalents (METs). We categorized those who achieved ≤ 5 METs as Low-Fit, 5.1– 8 METs as Moderate-Fit and &gt;8 METs as High-Fit. The follow-up period was 6.5 ± 4.7 years. Results: There were 396 (27%) deaths in African-Americans and 141 (18.5%) in Caucasians. After controlling for age, BMI, traditional risk factors and medications, the risk for mortality was higher in African-Americans than Caucasians (RR=1.27; CI: 1.0 –1.5; p=0.018). Exercise capacity was the strongest predictor of risk for mortality for both races. For every 1-MET increase in exercise capacity we observed 15% lower mortality for the entire cohort (RR=0.85; CI: 0.81– 0.90; p&lt;0.001), 16% lower in African-Americans (RR=0.84; CI: 0.78 – 0.89; p&lt;0.001) and 13% lower in Caucasians (RR=0.87; CI: 0.79 – 0.97; p=0.013). When compared to the Low-Fit individuals, the mortality risk for African-Americans was 46% lower for those in the Moderate-Fit (RR=0.54; CI: 0.43– 0.67; P&lt;0.001) and 50% lower for those in the High-Fit category (RR=0.50; CI: 0.33– 0.75; p&lt;0.001). For Caucasians, the mortality risk was lower only for those in the High-Fit category compared to Low-Fit (RR=0.45; CI: 0.23– 0.9; p=0.024) and similar for those in the Low-fit and Moderate-Fit categories (RR=0.74; CI: 0.51–1.0; p=0.10). Conclusion: Exercise capacity was the strongest predictor of mortality in both African-American and Caucasian men with type 2 diabetes. The exercise capacity necessary for a similar reduction in mortality risk was notably lower for African-Americans than Caucasians.
A liquid crystal of ascorbyl palmitate, used as vaccine platform, provides sustained release of antigen and has intrinsic pro-inflammatory and adjuvant activities which are dependent on MyD88 adaptor protein
Authors: María F. Sánchez Vallecillo, María M. Minguito de la Escalera, María V. Aguirre, Gabriela V. Ullio Gamboa, Santiago D. Palma, Leticia González-Cintado, Ana L. Chiodetti, Germán Soldano, Gabriel Morón, Daniel A. Allemandi, Carlos Ardavín, María C. Pistoresi-Palencia, Belkys A. Maletto
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Serum opsonin, bacteria, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte interactions in subacute bacterial endocarditis
Authors: Ronald P. Messner, Throstur Laxdal, Paul G. Quie, Ralph C. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

The effect of anti-γ-globulin factors on 7S γ-globulin opsonins from patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis has been examined with a quantitative in vitro phagocytosis system. Human anti-γ-globulin factors from patients with subacute bacterial endocarditis and rheumatoid arthritis inhibited the opsonic action of 7S γ-globulin specifically bound to bacteria. A similar antiopsonic effect was obtained with rabbit antiserum to human γG globulin. The antiopsonic effect of anti-γ-globulin factors did not correlate with their ability to potentiate agglutination of bacteria by 7S antibody. Competition was demonstrated between the antiopsonic effect of anti-γ-globulin factors and the phagocytosis-promoting action of heat-labile serum factors containing hemolytically active complement.
Abstract 2140: Differential Efficacy and Safety of Drug-Eluting Stents With Short Versus Long Term Follow-up: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Henri Roukoz, Anthony A Bavry, Michael L Sarkees, Dharam J Kumbhani, Mark G Rabbat, Deepak L Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Drug eluting stents (DES) significantly reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) compared to bare metal stents (BMS) within 1 year of follow-up, however they increase late stent thrombosis. The effect of DES on the need for late revascularization is unclear. Hypothesis: We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DES compared to BMS early after intervention (&lt; 1 year) and late (&gt; 1 year) among both stable patients and acute coronary syndromes. Methods: We searched the Medline database for randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up, from 2000 to 2007. We also searched relevant journal supplements for abstracts and obtained trial presentations from cardiology meetings. Results: We identified 24 trials (17% acute coronary syndrome patients) with a total of 10,278 patients. The weighted mean duration of follow-up was 28 months. For early outcomes (&lt; 1 year); the incidence of all-cause mortality for DES vs. BMS was 2% vs. 2.1%, RR=0.95, 95%CI (0.70–1.27), p=0.7, cardiovascular mortality was 1.4% vs. 1.5%, RR=0.95 (0.73–1.24), p=0.72, Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) was 0.8% vs. 0.6%, RR= 1.24 (0.7–2.2), p=0.45, non-Q-wave MI was 3% vs. 4%, RR=0.73 (0.55–0.96), p=0.024, TLR was 5.9% vs. 17.8%, RR=0.29 (0.24–0.34), p&lt;0.001, and stent thrombosis was 0.94% vs. 1.1%, RR=0.83 (0.55–1.27), p=0.4. For late outcomes (&gt;1 year); the incidence of all-cause mortality for DES vs. BMS was 3.9% vs. 3.8%, RR=1.04 (0.79–1.38), p=0.7, cardiovascular mortality 1.4% vs. 1.5%, RR=0.95 (0.73–1.24), p=0.72, Q-wave MI was 0.7% vs.0.6%, RR=1.05 (0.54–2.05), p=0.87, non-Q-wave MI was 1.6% vs. 1.2%, RR=1.39 (0.87–2.21), p=0.16, TLR was 2.6% vs. 3.2%, RR=0.82 (0.59–1.13), p=0.23, and stent thrombosis was 0.59% vs. 0.15%, RR=3.2 (1.22–8.36), p=0.018. Conclusions: Within 1 year of follow-up, DES appears to be safe and efficacious with similar mortality, similar stent thrombosis, decreased TLR, and decreased non-Q-wave MI compared to BMS. After 1 year, DES still has similar mortality compared to BMS, however TLR, while low, is no longer reduced, stent thrombosis is increased, and there is a numerical excess of non-Q-wave MI.
Abstract 8920: Iron Deficiency is an Ominous Predictor of Mortality in Stable Heart Failure Patients in the Community
Authors: Sudip Ghosh, Chuan Zhang, Jude Smith, Jonathan Dexter, Collette Carroll-Hawkins, Noel I OKelly
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) has been shown to be linked with multi-faceted clinical consequences in patients with heart failure (HF) enrolled in clinical trials. The predictive value of ID has not been evaluated in ambulatory left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) patients in the community. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated 512 patients (10.4%) with stable LVSD under the care of a regional nurse-led community heart failure team between June 2007 - November 2009. 92% of patients were on loop diuretics; 83% on ACE Inhibitors, 92% on β-blockers and 48% on aldosterone antagonists. Mean age of the patients was 77.9 ± 4.1 years, 43% were females and mean NYHA class was 2.2 ± 0.7. Absolute Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin &lt;100 µg/L and functional anemia as hemoglobin (Hb) between 9-12g/dl. Mean Hb levels were 14.1± 0.7; 13.9 ± 0.3; 14.0 ± 0.6 and 13.7± 0.2 g/dL at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months. Mean serum ferritin levels in the entire study population were 212 ± 14.9 µg/L at the start and 197 ± 13.8 µg/L at the end. The prevalence of ID and anemia was 21.3 ± 2 % (+95% CI) and 9.4 ± 1.3% respectively at the start of the study. These figures were 21.5±2.1% (ID) and 8.4± 1.7 % (anemia) at the end of the study. 2-year survival was 88% in the entire population; 83% in the anemic group (p=NS) and 76% in ID patients (p&lt;0.001). Risk-adjusted hazard ratios for 24 month mortality were 1.42 (1.09-1.98) and 1.05 (0.87-1.51) for ID and anemic patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ID is common in ambulatory HF patients in the community and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. It is also a stronger independent predictor for mortality than anemia in stable LVSD patients.
Immune Cell Phenotype and Function After Treatment With Blinatumomab For Childhood Relapsed B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL)
Authors: Alice Bertaina, Perla Filippini, Valentina Bertaina, Barbarella Lucarelli, Aurelie Bauquet, Gerhard Zugmaier, Franco Locatelli, Sergio Rutella
Journal: Blood (2013)
Abstract 15246: Duration of Dual Anti-platelet Therapy after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ji-Yong Jang, Jung-Sun Kim, Jong-Won Ha, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Won-Heum Shim, Seung-Yun Cho
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The potential benefits and risks of the use of dual anti-platelet therapy (DAT) beyond 12 months in patients receiving drug-eluting stents (DES) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been clearly established. Methods: We analyzed 795 patients who had undergone DES implantation with AMI and had been free of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events at least for 12 months in prospective multi-center registry (Infarct Prognosis Study). The duration of DAT was categorized in group 1 (N=185): ≤ 12 months and group 2 (N=610): > 12 months. The incidence of cardiac death or recurrent MI was compared between 2 groups. Results: The median duration of follow up was 28.4 months. The Kaplan Meier analysis indicated a benefit of group 2 compared with less than group 1. (2.5 % vs. 8.6 %, log rank test p < 0.001). Continuation of DAT beyond 12 months showed the significant reduction of cardiac death or recurrent MI in Cox proportional hazards analysis even after controlling of confounding vari...
Gene expression profiling assays as predictors of poor prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: A. Y. Lin, A. T. Lu, A. E. Reeve, S. Eschrich, P. G. Johnston, A. J. Barrier, F. Bertucci, N. S. Buckley, E. E. Salpeter, S. R. Salpeter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15054 Background: The use of adjuvant therapy in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. There is clearly a need to identify better predictors than the traditional staging system to aid therapeutic decisions. Gene expression profiling (GEP) has been demonstrated as a useful tool in risk stratification in many cancers. We performed a meta-analysis to assess its utility for predicting poor outcomes in stage II CRC. Methods: We performed literature searches of MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Cancerlit, and ASCO Proceedings through December 2007. Studies were included if they reported GEP-based assays in patients with stage II CRC, and either subsequent cancer recurrence or death within 3 years. The prognostic likelihood ratio (LR) (sensitivity/ 1-specificity) was obtained for each study and then pooled using the random-effects method to obtain a weighted mean LR and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). The average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity are also reported. Results: Eight cohorts with extractable data were identified and included in the analysis. A total of 271 patients were studied, with average follow-up time ranging from 3.0 to 5.6 years. The average accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 81.9%, 76.2%, and 84.5%, respectively, with a prognostic LR of 4.54 [95% CI 3.16 to 6.53]. The p value for overall effect was < 0.00001. No evidence for significant inter-study heterogeneity was noted (p = 0.94). Conclusions: This analysis demonstrates promising potential of using GEP assays as predictors of poor outcomes in stage II colorectal cancer, such as cancer recurrence or death. To maximize their utility and availability, further studies will be needed to identify and validate specific gene signatures for poor prognosis in stage II CRC. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Almac Diagnostics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute Almac Diagnostics Almac Diagnostics
Abstract 5212: Resolution of Pathological Q-waves is Associated With Improved Outcomes After Primary PCI for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: David A Baran, Michael E Farkouh, James Reiffel, Ovidiu Dressler, Eugenia Nikolsky, Roxana Mehran, Alexandra J Lansky, Gregg W Stone
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: The presence of pathological Q-waves in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) independently predicts 30-day mortality. A question that remains is whether new Q-waves which resolve within 30 days are predictive of an improved prognosis. Methods: 3,189 patients with STEMI enrolled in the prospective, randomized Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction (HORIZONS-AMI) trial were evaluated for the presence of new and persistent Q-waves by serial electrocardiography. ECGs were performed at baseline, 60 minutes post PCI, at hospital discharge and at 30 days, and were interpreted by independent cardiologists at an academic ECG core laboratory. Net Adverse Clinical Events (NACE) was defined as Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE (death, reinfarction, stroke or repeat revascularization) or major bleeding unrelated to CABG. Results: There were 2358 patients with new Q-waves either at baseline or which developed during hospitalization. Patients were classified for the presence of Q-wave resolution within 30 days (n=225) (Group A) or presence of persistent Q-waves (n=2133) (Group B). Group B patients were more likely to have a lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and a longer duration of symptom to balloon inflation time, and were less likely to have successful reperfusion as measured by post PCI infarct artery epicardial TIMI flow. Group B also had a significantly higher rate of NACE at 30-days (Table ). Conclusions: In patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI, resolution of new Q-waves present during hospitalization is associated with a higher baseline left ventricular ejection fraction, faster and more effective reperfusion, and an improved short-term prognosis. TABLE
Outbreak of Shigella sonnei infections in the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium, April to August 2008
Authors: K De Schrijver, S Bertrand, I Gutiérrez Garitano, D Van den Branden, J Van Schaeren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

In the beginning of April 2008 three cases of Shigella sonnei infection were identified among the Orthodox Jewish community of Antwerp, Belgium. We conducted a descriptive study and a household cohort study to identify potential risk factors. Stool samples were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined. Between April and August 2008, 42 cases were registered. All characterised isolates (n=20) shared an identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile and were indistinguishable from one of the twelve main strains detected in Israel in 2008, where the index case's father had stayed before the outbreak. The secondary attack rate in households was 8.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3–12.7). Multivariate analysis identified the following risk factors for secondary spread: households with more than three children (adjusted relative risk (RR): 9.17; 95% CI: 1.21–69.13), children younger than five years (adjusted RR: 5.45; 95% CI: 2.44–12.62), and children younger than 12 years assisting in washing younger siblings (adjusted RR: 5.45; 95% CI: 2.44–12.17). Rigorous hand washing, use of disposable towels, information for parents and caregivers, and exclusion of symptomatic children from day care, preschool and school for a minimum of 48 hours were implemented.
Abstract P094: Determinants of Salt Consumption in Rural Bangladesh: Findings from Assessment of 24 H Urinary Sodium Excretions
Authors: Shamshad Jahan, Abbas Bhuiya, Sma Hanifi, Mohammad Iqbal, Sabrina Rasheed
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death among adults and their prevalence has been increasing in the developing countries such as Bangladesh. Evidence from rando...