tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radioisotope Therapy of Malignant Pleural and Peritoneal Effusions
Authors: J. Bucerius, H. -J. Biersack
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Treatment of malignant pleural or peritoneal effusions is one of the "oldest" therapies using radioactive isotopes and was first described by J.H. Müller more than 50 years ago (Müller 1945)
Acute otitis media in children
Authors: T. Fahey, D. Sharp, A. Majeed, T. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1998)

One fifth of samples of unpasteurised milk are contaminated with bacteriaEditor-The question of whether unpasteurised ("green top") cows' milk should be banned from retail sale in England and Wales, as it is in Scotland, is being debated.We report microbiological results on 1097 samples of unpasteurised milk bought from 242 retail outlets in England and Wales between May 1996 and July 1997.The study was to determine the frequency of contamination with potential pathogens and whether statutory tests reflected the presence of these pathogens.Under the Dairy Products Hygiene Regulations 1995, unpasteurised milk for drinking, at the time that it is packaged, must be "free of pathogenic micro-organisms and their toxins in quantities such as to affect the health of the ultimate consumer." 1 In addition, such milk must not contain Staphylococcus aureus ( > 500 organisms/ml) or Escherichia coli.Milk sold direct to the ultimate customer must also not contain coliforms ( > 100 organisms/ml).The aerobic plate count as a geometric mean over two months should not exceed 50 000 organisms/ml.Milk for pasteurisation must have an aerobic plate count below 300 000 organisms/ml.Potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 41 of the 1097 samples, from 28 retail outlets.Salmonella was present in five samples (S typhimurium DT104, S dublin, S virchow PT26, S anatum, and both S havana and S ruiru); E coli O157 (verotoxinproducing E coli) in three; campylobacter in 19; Staph aureus ( > 500 organisms/ml) in 12; and Lancefield groups C or G streptococci ( > 100 organisms/ml) in two.The eight samples containing E coli O157 or salmonella came from eight separate retail outlets.The three outlets with samples positive for E coli O157 stopped selling unpasteurised milk.A fifth of the samples that did not contain pathogens (163/783) had unacceptable aerobic plate counts or coliform counts.These were from 100 of the retail outlets.Twenty seven samples contained E coli at > 100 organisms/ml.The aerobic plate count for 39 samples (33 outlets) exceeded the threshold for pasteurisation.These high counts are unacceptable for unpasteurised milk sold at retail. 1 2 Thus one or more samples from 128 of the 242 outlets contained pathogenic bacteria or had aerobic plate counts or coliform counts above acceptable levels.However, 29of the 41 samples containing potential pathogens, including three containing E coli O157, had satisfactory bacterial counts.Therefore good hygienic quality did not guarantee the absence of pathogens.When our data are coupled with evidence of human illness associated with the consumption of unpasteurised milk, [3][4][5] we must conclude that the continuing availability of unpasteurised milk on retail sale constitutes an unacceptable risk to public health.
Abstract 13875: Non-Invasive Quantitative Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve Improves Cardiac Risk Assessment in Patients with Renal Impairment
Authors: Venkatesh L Murthy, Masanao Naya, David M Charytan, Courtney R Foster, Mariya Gaber, Jon Hainer, Sharmila Dorbala, Arkadiusz Sitek, Marcelo F Di Carli
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives: To evaluate the incremental prognostic value of quantitative coronary flow reserve (CFR) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with renal dysfunction and known o...
Thomas Sydenham, Clinician.
Authors: David Riesman
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors should take warning seriously
Authors: C. Watson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

south Wales, and our list size is 5600.All con- sultations in this context were initiated by patients.We routinely code clinical information during consultations on our computer database; this facilitates audit of clinical practice.When a patient is advised about contraception a Read code (6777: contraception counselling) is recorded.Over the 10 weeks before the "pill scare" on 19 October the code for contraception counselling was recorded 18 times (average 1-8 times a week).Over the three weeks after the announcement the code was recorded (week by week) 30, 28, and 27 times (average 28-3).If it is assumed that these figures are reflected throughout England and Wales the effect on general practitioners' workload nationally can be estimated and perhaps costed.
Two consecutive phase 1–2 studies of cisplatin (P)-based 1st-line chemotherapy (CT) in elderly patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The MILES-2P studies
Authors: F. Perrone, A. Illiano, F. V. Piantedosi, A. Bearz, A. Favaretto, V. Lorusso, L. Manzione, R. V. Iaffaioli, M. R. Valerio, C. Gridelli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

7037 Background: P-based CT needs prospective testing in elderly pts with advanced NSCLC. In two consecutive studies, with equal design, feasible dose of P combined with gemcitabine (PG) or vinorelbine (PV) were identified and toxicity and activity were described. Methods: Advanced (stage IV or IIIb with supraclavear nodes or pleural effusion) NSCLC pts, aged &gt;70 years, PS 0–1, were eligible. P was given on day (d) 1, starting dose-finding at 50 mg/m 2 (level 0), with G (fixed dose: 1000 mg/m 2 dd 1&amp;8) or V (fixed dose: 25 mg/m 2 dd 1&amp;8); at each level &lt;2 unacceptable toxicities in cycle 1–3 (UT) out of 6 evaluable pts were needed to escalate; CT was given every 3 weeks, up to 6 cycles. A two-stage flexible optimal design was applied at the feasible dose. With rate of pts without UT as endpoint, type I and II error =0.10, p 0 =0.70, p 1 =0.85, ≥47 pts without UT out of 60 enrolled were required at the final stage. NCI-CTC for toxicity and RECIST for response coding were used. Results: From June 2002 to November 2004, 159 pts were enrolled (38 in dose-finding and 121 in phase 2); 45% of them were aged ≥75. P was feasible at 60 mg/m 2 (level +1) with G, and 40 mg/m 2 (level -1) with V. With PG (n=60): 50 (83%) pts without UT; response rate (RR): 43%, 95% exact CI: 31–57; median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OAS): 25 and 44 wks, respectively. Toxicity (≥5% of pts): g3 anemia (5%), RBC transfusion (8%), g3–4 platelets (10%), g2–3 cardiac (10%), g2 renal (7%). With PV (n=61): 50 (82%) pts without UT, 2 toxic deaths (1 with febrile neutropenia [FN] and 1 with cardiac toxicity); RR 36%, 95% exact CI: 24–49; median PFS and OAS: 21 and 33 wks, respectively. Toxicity (≥5% of pts): g3 anemia (5%), RBC transfusion (8%), FN (5%), g≥2 neurologic (5%). Conclusions: The combination of cisplatin and gemcitabine (with P 60 mg/m 2 ) is safe, active, and deserves comparison vs single-agent chemotherapy in elderly pts with advanced NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 12410: Inhibition of PARP1 Reduces Infarct Size and Attenuates Acute Left Ventricular Dilation in Mice After Myocardial Ischemia / Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Feng Wang, Yaqin Xu, Erik Michaelsson, Brent A French
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Activation of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) contributes to tissue damage during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury due to rapid depletion of NAD+ and ATP pools causing cellular dysfunction and death. We hypothesized that inhibiting PARP1 would not only reduce myocardial infarct (MI) size in mice, but that the reduced energy depletion might also help preserve LV geometry early after MI.   Methods and Results for Acute MI:  Panel A) In the study of MI size, ~12 wk old C57BL/6 mice were subject to 30 min LAD occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion. Risk region and infarct size were assessed by Phthalo blue and TTC staining. Treatment with a PARP1 inhibitor starting 5 min before reperfusion and continuing for 2 hr significantly reduced infarct size in a dose-dependent manner (p≤0.05 by ANOVA, n=8-9/group) compared to controls, reaching a 64% reduction at a dose of 3.6 μmol/kg, IP (plasma conc. ~200nM).   Methods and Results for Acute Pump Failure:  Panel B) To test if PARP1 inhibition could protect against acute pump failure after MI, mice were first subject to 40 min LAD occlusion and 60 min reperfusion to obtain similar MI sizes, then treated with either vehicle or 3.6 μmol/kg PARP1 inhibitor over the next 2 hr (n=8/group). At 24 hr post reperfusion, left ventricular (LV) volumes were evaluated from base to apex with 2D echo (Vevo 2100). Risk region and MI size were quantified after imaging to confirm no significant difference in infarct size. Compared to control mice, delayed PARP1 inhibition significantly reduced both LV EDV (18.1%, p≤0.05) and LV ESV (24.1%, p≤0.05).   Conclusions:  PARP1 inhibition initiated before and maintained during reperfusion reduces MI size. In the second study, we showed for the first time that delayed PARP1 inhibition attenuates acute LV dilation, independent of its ability to reduce MI size. Together, these findings suggest that PARP1 inhibition may prove beneficial in the settings of both acute MI and acute pump failure.
Abstract 545: A Novel Mutation in Plakoglobin Blocks Up-Regulation of Intercellular Junction Proteins in Response to Mechanical Load
Authors: Angeliki Asimaki, Kiyomi Yamada Hames, William J McKenna, Jeffrey E Saffitz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Mutations in the desmosomal protein plakoglobin cause arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). These mutations likely alter intercellular adhesion and impair cellular responses to me...
Author's reply to Dickson
Authors: B. J. F. Dean
Journal: BMJ (2015)

I read with great interest Niall Dickson’s response to my personal view.1 2 

Saliently, the General Regulatory Chamber’s judgment stated, “The contents of these meetings have not been disclosed and are not reflected in the evidence summaries which form the annex to the report.”3 The meetings were also not specifically referenced in the review’s paper trail. These …
PTPN22 polymorphism and anti-CCP antibodies in combination strongly predicts future onset of rheumatoid arthritis with a high specificity
Authors: Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, M. Johansson, L. Arlestig, G. Hallmans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

PTPN22 polymorphism and anti-CCP antibodies in combination strongly predicts future onset of rheumatoid arthritis with a high specificity
Ten years behind 'an age of uncertainty'.
Authors: Takashi Hosaka
Journal: World Psychiatry (2003)

When I read Don Lipsitt's paper, I thought that Japan is standing 10 years behind. Symbolically, the Japanese Journal of General Hospital Psychiatry was first published in 1989, while General Hospital Psychiatry was first published in 1979.

Japan has the highest rate of psychiatric beds per 10,000 people in the world. The total number of beds for the mentally ill in Japan is approximately 340,000, of which general hospitals have only about 20,000 (5.8%) (1). In other words, inpatient mental care in Japan mostly depends upon mental hospitals. According to a survey by the Japanese Society of General Hospital Psychiatry (JSGHP), there are 1,163 general hospitals in Japan, of which 637 (55%) have psychiatric departments (388 general hospitals have only outpatient psychiatric clinics, while 249 also have psychiatric beds) (2).

In 2000, the average length of stay in psychiatric beds in Japan was still 376.5 days, with a trend of length of stay decreasing from 489.6 days in 1990. In mental hospitals, the average length of stay was 439.6 days in 2000. The Health Ministry estimates that more than 70,000 of those under long-term treatment no longer need it. It is believed that many of the people institutionalized in Japan's psychiatric hospitals are so-called socially hospitalized patients, i.e. people who are kept in such institutions not for medical reasons, but for personal and/or social reasons. This has been partly due to the lack of sufficient welfare facilities, such as sheltered work sites and group homes, which enable psychiatric patients to live outside institutions. Finally, the Japanese government is trying to reform the hospital and community sector payment system so that it encourages community-based treatment wherever possible.

In the near future, two topics will challenge us. First, managed care will be experimentally applied to university hospitals in 2003. I think this would be a good opportunity to raise the clinical significance of psychiatry in general hospitals. A large number of studies over the recent ten years in the US showing benefits such as shortening of hospital stay will be excellent references.

The second topic is that all physicians, whatever their specialty, will have to be trained in psychiatry for 1-3 months during their first two years of residency starting in 2004. In the debate over the appropriateness of including psychiatry in compulsory training, evidence concerning the prevalence of mental disorders among the physically ill was the most convincing argument (3). Such a post-graduate educational reform would hopefully contribute to the spread of consultation- liaison psychiatry and general hospital psychiatry. Non-psychiatric physicians who have completed a psychiatric education should improve the quality of general hospitals, because they could treat their patients from a bio-psycho-social perspective. Furthermore, they would have a network with psychiatrists that would facilitate frank discussion. Such a network would also be very important for general hospital psychiatrists.
Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans: new insights from a line list of World Health Organization confirmed cases, September 2006 to August 2010
Authors: L Fiebig, J Soyka, S Buda, U Buchholz, M Dehnert, W Haas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2011)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Literacy and race predictors in localized prostate cancer treatment choice
Authors: M. S. Wolf, J. A. Zagory, C. Chang, S. Knight, P. Ray, M. Kozloff, A. Starr, E. A. Lyons, S. Costello, C. L. Bennett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

14541 Background: Studies have shown that African American populations have low rates of surgery, while similar assessments based on literacy skills have not been reported. Methods: Newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients (n = 311) were approached at 3 hospitals: private, county, and VA. Patients completed demographic and quality of life questionnaires as well as a literacy assessment at baseline, 3 month, and 12 month intervals. Results: Majority (60%) of African American patients were at low functional literacy. In multinomial regression analysis controlling for patient age, clinical stage at presentation, comorbidity, and treatment site, both African American race (RRR 2.4, 95% CI 1.35–5.91) and low literacy (6th grade reading level or below) were significantly and independently associated with a greater likelihood to receive external beam radiation treatment only in relation to other treatment options (AOR 4.26, 95% CI 2.34–7.75). Conclusions: In our inner city population of prostate cancer patients, white patients with high literacy skills opted for radical prostatectomy and persons with low literacy and/or African American race opted for radiation therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Effect of thiazolidinediones on PPAR gamma mediated adenoid cystic cancer growth characteristics
Authors: Beverly R. Wuertz, Frank G. Ondrey
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4685 

Adenoid cystic cancer is a rare cancer, occurring in major and minor salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, and orbit. Surgery and other modalities, including external and neutron beam radiotherapy are employed to treat these tumors. Many patients experience disease progression slowly over several years and succumb to widespread metastasis 5-20 years after diagnosis. Difficulties finding other treatment options, such as histology based therapies substantiated via biomarker studies are attributable to small patient population. Potential therapies similar to those in breast and prostate cancer which target nuclear hormones are attractive in this slow growing solid cancer. Peroxisome proliferating activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, an orphan nuclear receptor, functions as a pro-differentiation, anti-proliferation transcription factor complex. A new class of drugs, thiazolidinediones (TZD), target PPAR gamma and have been used for years to treat diabetes. Recently these agents have been shown to have anti-cancer properties and may be useful in cancer prevention and treatment. In the current study, we examined PPAR gamma in ACC-3, an adenoid cystic cancer cell line. We tested PPAR gamma transcriptional activation via luciferase reporter gene and the effect of these ligands on cellular proliferation by MTT assay. ACC-3 cells were established as tumors in a nude mouse xenograft model. The tumor bearing animals were treated with the TZD, pioglitazone, to determine effect on in vivo tumor growth. We discovered TZD increased activation of PPAR gamma up to 2.4 fold above control. TZD act as ligands, causing PPAR gamma to heterodimerize, creating a transcription factor complex which then activates target gene transcription. TZD also decreased ACC-3 cellular proliferation in a dose dependent manner. ACC-3 xenograft tumors were established in our adenoid cystic cancer nude mouse model. These animals were then treated with 0, 25, or 100mg/kg/day pioglitazone. A visible dose dependent difference in tumor growth rate was seen. After the first week, the tumor growth rate of the 100mg pioglitazone/kg/day mice was an average of 76.6% of the control group growth rate. In conclusion, we have shown TZD slow tumor growth in vitro and in vivo through increases in PPAR gamma activity and decreases in cell proliferation. As TZD are safe agents and clinically available, they would be an ideal anti-cancer treatment especially for slow growing primary and metastatic tumors with no effective chemotherapy.
Diagnostic concordance for DSM-IV sleep disorders: a report from the APA/NIMH DSM-IV field trial
Authors: D J Buysse, C F Reynolds, P J Hauri, T Roth, E J Stepanski, M J Thorpy, E O Bixler, A Kales, R L Manfredi, A N Vgontzas
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

The frequency and ranking of DSM-IV sleep disorder diagnoses of clinical patients with complaints of insomnia, as well as rates of diagnostic agreement and disagreement between two types of interviewers, were investigated.Interviewers at five clinical sites assessed 216 patients referred for insomnia complaints. One sleep specialist and one general clinician interviewed each patient in an unstructured clinical interview, assigned DSM-IV diagnoses, and indicated their reactions to the diagnostic system.Insomnia due to another mental disorder was the most frequent DSM-IV diagnosis across sites, followed by primary insomnia. Interviewers at the five sites differed significantly in the rankings they assigned to different diagnoses. In addition, sleep specialists at most sites diagnosed psychiatric forms of insomnia more frequently than nonspecialists. Kappa values for agreement between the two types of clinicians on multiple DSM-IV sleep diagnoses ranged from 0.26 to 0.80 across sites, indicating moderate agreement overall. Kappa values for individual diagnoses varied across sites and specific diagnoses and ranged from poor to excellent. Interviewers' ratings of their confidence in diagnoses and the fit and ease of use of the DSM-IV categories also showed significant variability related to site and type of interviewer.The distribution of diagnoses highlights the importance of psychiatric and behavioral factors in the assessment of insomnia. Site-related variability indicates a need for greater standardization in the application of sleep disorder diagnostic criteria. Diagnostic concordance for these diagnoses, while only moderately good, likely reflects actual clinical practice and would be improved through the use of standardized (or structured) interviews and increased training.
Vinorelbine (VNR) plus concurrent thoracic radiation therapy in stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after platinum (P) and gemcytabine (G) as induction chemotherapy
Authors: L. Portalone, P. Brocchieri, R. Della Seta, S. Greco, A. Lombardi, F. Nunziati, A. Pezzuto, M. Signora
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7354 Background: A retrospective analysis was performed to evaluate Therapeutic Index of VNR with concurrent TRT in pts with stage III unresectable NSCLC, in disease control after induction therapy with platinum compounds. Methods: Multimodality treatment consisted of induction therapy with P(80 mg/m2/i.v.) or CP (AUC 5) plus G (1200 mg/m2/i.v.) (GP) or VNR (25 mg/m2/i.v.) (VP) on days 1–8-21. In patients in complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR) and stable disease (SD) after induction therapy, concomitant chemo-radiotherapy consisted of VNR os (12 mg/m2) or i.v. (5 mg/m2) three-times weekly 2 hours before concurrent TRT (2 Gy/day for 6 ws)). Results: From November 2002 to May 2004 13 naive pts were treated: m/f 9/4; median age 61 years (r 37/69); median ECOG PS 0 (r 0/1); no weight loss > 10% in all pts; stage IIIA 1pt (7.7%), IIIB 12 pts (92.3%). 11 pts (84.6%) in 31 cycles showed 6 grade III toxic events (19,3%) mainly hematological and none grade IV. No toxic deaths have occurred. After induction therapy we observed: 7 partial response (53.8%) and 6 stable disease (46.2%). In concurrent radio-chemotherapy VNR was administered per os in 6 pts (46.2% for a total of 118 courses, r 14/23, median 20.5) and intravenously in 7 pts (53.8%, total courses 112, r 8/12, median 15). No grade III-IV toxicity was observed and no toxic deaths have occurred. After concurrent radio-chemotherapy clinical responses were: 4 partial response (30.8%), 8 stable disease (61.5%) and 1 progressive disease (7.7%). Median survival was 398 days (range +156 to +715), median time to progression 289 days (range +156 to +715); at this writing 8 pts (61.5%) are alive. The actuarial-1-year survival is 87% and 2 years 37%. Conclusions: Preliminary results of this multimodality treatment are promising as concern activity, local control of disease, median and overall survival. Toxicity profile of this schedule was mild and reversible with a good patients compliance. A larger accrual and a longer follow up will be required to verify this data. No significant financial relationships to disclose.