tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Polysaccharide Self‐Healing Wound Dressing: NIR‐Responsive Carboxymethyl Chitosan / Quercetin Hydrogel
Authors: Qiuting Xu, Wei Su, Cuilan Huang, Haiyi Zhong, Lini Huo, Jinyun Cai, Peiyuan Li
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

As the misuse of antibiotics increases bacterial resistance, the treatment of infected wounds caused by bacteria encounters significant challenges. Conventional antimicrobial dressings often fall short in their ability to inhibit bacterial infections while simultaneously promoting wound healing. To address this issue, a polysaccharide self-healing hydrogel (CPP@PDA/Que3) wound dressing is successfully developed by incorporating quercetin and polydopamine nanoparticles into a carboxymethyl chitosan matrix. The dressing can be easily injected locally to create a protective barrier over the wound, effectively stopping bleeding and rapidly inhibiting inflammation. Furthermore, the CPP@PDA/Que3 hydrogel exhibits remarkable antioxidant and antibacterial properties, stemming from the combination of quercetin and near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy. It demonstrates the ability to eliminate 99.52% of Staphylococcus aureus and 99.39% of Escherichia coli in in vitro antibacterial experiments. Additionally, the in vivo wound healing experiment shows a healing rate of ≈97%. The experimental results indicate that under NIR laser (808 nm) irradiation, the polysaccharide-based hydrogel dressing significantly inhibits bacterial growth, reduces oxidative stress, expedites angiogenesis, and thereby accelerates the transition from inflammation to wound healing. In summary, the CPP@PDA/Que3 hydrogel exhibits significant potential as a wound dressing, providing a novel approach for clinically advancing the treatment of bacterial wounds.
Mavacamten in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Referred for Septal Reduction: Week 128 Results from VALOR-HCM
Authors: Milind Y. Desai, Kathy Wolski, Anjali Owens, Jeffrey B. Geske, Sara Saberi, Andrew Wang, Mark Sherrid, Paul C. Cremer, Neal K. Lakdawala, Albree Tower-Rader, David Fermin, Srihari S. Naidu, Nicholas G. Smedira, Hartzell Schaff, Zhiqun Gong, Lana Mudarris, Kathy Lampl, Amy J. Sehnert, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Circulation (2024)

In severely symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), VALOR-HCM trial (Study to Evaluate Mavacamten in Adults With Symptomatic Obstructive HCM Who Are Eligible for Septal Reduction Therapy [URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04349072]) reported that mavacamten reduced the short-term need for septal reduction therapy (SRT). The current report examined the longer-term effect of mavacamten through end of treatment at week 128.
Effects of gastric bypass bariatric surgery on gut microbiota in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Urja Amin, Dora Huang, Arun Dhir, Anya E Shindler, Ashley E Franks, Colleen J Thomas
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The Western diet is associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis, an active contributor to the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities. Gastrointestinal dysbiosis is strongly linked to increased adiposity, low-grade inflammation, dyslipidaemia, and insulin resistance in individuals with morbid obesity. Bariatric bypass surgery remains the most effective treatment for achieving significant weight loss and alleviating obesity-related comorbidities. A growing body of evidence indicates that traditional Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) improves the disrupted gut microbiota linked with obesity, potentially contributing to sustained weight loss and reduction of comorbidities. One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB), a relatively new and technically simpler bariatric procedure, has shown both safety and efficacy in promoting weight loss and improving comorbidities. Few studies have investigated the impact of OAGB on gut microbiota. This review provides insights into the pathogenesis of obesity, current treatment strategies and our current understanding of the gut microbiota in health and disease, including modulating the gut microbiota as a promising and novel way to alleviate the burden of obesity and cardiometabolic conditions. By exploring the impact of gastric bypass surgery on gut microbiota-host interactions, we aim to shed light on this evolving field of research and uncover potential therapeutic targets for elevating outcomes in bariatric surgery.
Erratum to ‘Critical Evaluation of Methodologic Approaches in ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Research: Addressing Confounding Factors and Statistical Robustness’ [Journal of Thoracic Oncology Vol 19 Issue 11 (2024) e64-e65]
Authors: Wenqin Wang, Xiangzhi Li, Dan Shan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2024)
Menin inhibitors for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: challenges and opportunities ahead
Authors: Kalyan V. G. Nadiminti, Kieran D. Sahasrabudhe, Hongtao Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

The AML treatment landscape has significantly changed in recent years with the approval of targeted therapies in the front-line and relapsed/refractory settings, including inhibitors of FLT3 and IDH1/2 mutations. More importantly, approval of the combination of the BCl-2 inhibitor, venetoclax, and hypomethylating agents or low dose cytarabine provided unprecedented breakthrough for the frontline treatment of older, unfit AML patients. Even with all this exciting progress, more targeted therapies for AML treatment are needed. Recent development of menin inhibitors targeting AML with KMT2A rearrangements or NPM1 mutations could represent a promising new horizon of treatment for patients within these subsets of AML. Our current review will focus on a summary and updates of recent developments of menin inhibitors in the treatment of AML, on the challenges ahead arising from drug resistance, as well as on the opportunities of novel combinations with menin inhibitors.
Developing a Canadian artificial intelligence medical curriculum using a Delphi study
Authors: Rohit Singla, Nikola Pupic, Seyed-Aryan Ghaffarizadeh, Caroline Kim, Ricky Hu, Bruce B. Forster, Ilker Hacihaliloglu
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds of surveys to determine essential AI learning competencies. The study identified key curricular components across ethics, law, theory, application, communication, collaboration, and quality improvement. The findings demonstrate substantial support among medical educators and professionals for the inclusion of comprehensive AI education, with 82 out of 107 curricular competencies being deemed essential to address both clinical and educational priorities. It additionally provides suggestions on methods to integrate these competencies within existing dense medical curricula. The endorsed set of objectives aims to enhance AI literacy and application skills among medical students, equipping them to effectively utilize AI technologies in future healthcare settings.
Pancreatoscopy assists in the diagnosis of malignant transformation in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Tingting Yu, Zengfang Hao, Yankun Hou, Lichao Zhang, Jiao Tian, Senlin Hou
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Patients with chronic pancreatitis have an increased risk of pancreatic cancer [1]. Unfortunately, there are no effective screening strategies for early detection of pancreatic cancer in these patients [2]. An active role for pancreatoscopy has been shown in the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) [3], in lithotripsy for pancreatic duct stones [4], and in laser stricturoplasty [5]. We describe the case of a patient with chronic pancreatitis in whom malignant transformation was detected by pancreatoscopy, so possibly we should emphasize the diagnostic role of pancreatoscopy in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
Short-course hypofractionated proton beam therapy, incorporating 18F-DOPA PET and contrast-enhanced MRI targeting, for patients aged 65 years and older with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial
Authors: Sujay Vora, Deanna Pafundi, Molly Voss, Matthew Buras, Jonathan Ashman, Bernard Bendok, William Breen, Leland Hu, Sani Kizilbash, Nadia Laack, Wei Liu, Anita Mahajan, Maciej Mrugala, Alyx Porter, Michael Ruff, Terence Sio, Joon Uhm, Ming Yang, Debra Brinkmann, Paul Brown
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Virtual scale endoscope vs snares for size measurement accuracy of smaller colorectal polyps: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roupen Djinbachian, Mahsa Taghiakbari, Abla Alj, Edgard Medawar, Sacha Sidani, Jeremy Liu Chen Kiow, Benoit Panzini, Mikael Bouin, Daniel von Renteln
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Background and aims: Accurate measurement of polyp size during colonoscopy is crucial for informing clinical decisions such as resection techniques and surveillance scheduling. This study aimed to compare polyp size measurement accuracy when using a virtual scale endoscope (VSE) or snare-based polyp size measurement. Methods: This randomized controlled trial enrolled 221 patients undergoing screening, surveillance or diagnostic outpatient colonoscopies. Study subjects were randomized to have detected polyps measured for size either using VSE or a snare of known size to estimate the size of each polyp during the colonoscopy. All polyps were measured for reference size directly after their removal from the colon using a digital caliper and before formalin fixation. Results: 93 polyps were included in the VSE group and 102 in the Snare group. VSE demonstrated significantly higher relative accuracy (80.0% [95% CI: 77.0-82.9]) compared to snare-based size estimation (66.4% [95% CI: 62.4-70.5]; p&lt;0.0001). Misclassification rates were lower with VSE for polyps &gt;2mm (13.1% vs. 39.3%) and &gt;3mm (22.6% vs. 55.4%). For diminutive polyps, VSE better prevented misclassification of &gt;5mm polyps as 1-5 mm (21.4% vs. 73.0%). VSE also outperformed snare in measuring within 10% of reference standard size (30.1% vs. 18.6%) and had lower rates of size underestimation (36.5% vs. 65.7%). Conclusions: Using VSE improves polyp size measurement accuracy during colonoscopy in comparison with snare-based size estimation. In clinical scenarios, VSE reduced misclassifications at clinically relevant size thresholds 2,3 and 5mm which is relevant for adequate choice of polypectomy techniques or when implementing resect and discard strategies.
Complete section of the common bile duct during complicated cholecystectomy: laparoscopy-guided endoscopic treatment, a mini-invasive approach
Authors: Pierre Mayer, Lucile Héroin, Guillaume Philouze, François Habersetzer, Patrick Pessaux, Abdenor Badaoui, Alfonso Lapergola
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Although widely practiced, cholecystectomy can expose patients to serious biliary injuries, including biliary leakage, stenosis, and more rarely section of the common bile duct (CBD) [1] [2].
Pancreatoscopy-assisted balloon dilation under direct vision in a porcine model
Authors: Wengang Zhang, Haiyang Li, Zhenyu Liu, Jiafeng Wang, Qingzhen Wu, Ningli Chai, Enqiang Linghu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammatory condition characterized by irreversible morphological changes in the pancreas, which invariably leads to pancreatic duct (PD) strictures [1]. Currently, PD strictures are typically managed with wire-guided balloon or bougie dilation under X-ray guidance [2] [3]. However, these methods carry a risk of PD perforation.
Computed tomography-based virtual reality-guided preoperative simulation for endoscopic full-thickness resection of a gastric submucosal tumor
Authors: Takeshi Uozumi, Seiichiro Abe, Maki Sugimoto, Mitsunori Kusuhara, Yasuhiko Mizuguchi, Satoru Nonaka, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Virtual reality is gaining attention as a novel modality for precisely identifying the location of lesions and the routes of important vessels before and during surgery [1] [2]. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is a minimally invasive treatment for gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs); however, owing to the nature of EFTR, with an intra-to-extraluminal blind approach, it carries the potential risk of damaging extraluminal vessels or organs. Virtual reality might help endoscopists accurately identify important vessels and anatomical structures during EFTR, facilitating the safe removal of SMTs. This is the first case report of computed tomography (CT)- and virtual reality-guided preoperative simulation of gastric EFTR.
The next 1000 days: building on early investments for the health and development of young children
Authors: Catherine E Draper, Aisha K Yousafzai, Dana C McCoy, Jorge Cuartas, Jelena Obradović, Sunil Bhopal, Jane Fisher, Joshua Jeong, Sonja Klingberg, Kate Milner, Lauren Pisani, Aditi Roy, Jonathan Seiden, Christopher R Sudfeld, Stephanie V Wrottesley, Günther Fink, Milagros Nores, Mark S Tremblay, Anthony D Okely
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided cholecystoduodenostomy followed by stone clearance using electrohydraulic and mechanical lithotripsy in a frail patient with acute cholecystitis
Authors: Francisco Vara-Luiz, Ivo Mendes, Gonçalo Nunes, Carolina Palma, Marta Patita, Jorge Fonseca, Pedro Pinto-Marques
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard treatment of acute cholecystitis [1]; however, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) is a valuable option for frail patients with high surgical risk [2].
The cost of not investing in the next 1000 days: implications for policy and practice
Authors: Milagros Nores, Claudia Vazquez, Emily Gustafsson-Wright, Sarah Osborne, Jorge Cuartas, Mark J Lambiris, Dana C McCoy, Florencia Lopez-Boo, Jere Behrman, Raquel Bernal, Catherine E Draper, Anthony D Okely, Mark S Tremblay, Aisha K Yousafzai, Joan Lombardi, Günther Fink
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Effects of Tirzepatide on the Clinical Trajectory of Patients with Heart Failure, a Preserved Ejection Fraction, and Obesity
Authors: Michael R. Zile, Barry A. Borlaug, Christopher M. Kramer, Seth J. Baum, Sheldon E. Litwin, Venu Menon, Yang Ou, Govinda J. Weerakkody, Karla C. Hurt, Chisom Kanu, Masahiro Murakami, Milton Packer
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: Patients with heart failure, a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and obesity have significant disability and suffer frequent exacerbations of heart failure. We hypothesized that tirzepatide, a long-acting agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors, would improve a comprehensive suite of clinical endpoints, including measures of health status, functional capacity, quality of life, exercise tolerance, patient well-being, and medication burden in these patients. Methods: 731 patients in class II-IV heart failure, ejection fraction ≥50%, and body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 were randomized(double-blind) to tirzepatide(titrated up to 15mg subcutaneously weekly)(n=364) or placebo(n=367), added to background therapy for a median of 104 weeks (Q1=66, Q3=126 weeks). Primary endpoints: tirzepatide reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure and improved Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score(KCCQ-CSS). The current expanded analysis included sensitivity analyses of the primary endpoints, 6-minute walk distance(6MWD), EQ-5D-5L health state index, Patient Global Impression of Severity Overall Health(PGIS), NYHA class, use of heart failure medications, and a hierarchical composite based on all-cause death, worsening heart failure, and 52-week changes in KCCQ-CSS and 6MWD. Results: Patients were aged 65.2±10.7, 53.8%(n=393) were female; BMI 38.2±6.7kg/m 2 , KCCQ-CSS 53.5±18.5, 6MWD 302.8±81.7meters, and 53%(n=388) had a worsening heart failure event in the prior 12 months. Compared with placebo, tirzepatide produced a consistent beneficial effect across all composites of death and worsening heart failure events, analyzed as time-to-first-event (hazard ratios 0.41-0.67). At 52 weeks, tirzepatide increased KCCQ-CSS 6.9 points (95%CI, 3.3, 10.6, P&lt;0.001), 6MWD 18.3 meters (95%CI, 9.9, 26.7, P&lt;0.001) and EQ-5D-5L 0.06 (95%CI, 0.03, 0.09, P&lt;0.001). The tirzepatide group shifted to a more favorable PGIS (proportional odds ratio 1.99 (95%CI, 1.44, 2.76) and NYHA class (proportional odds ratio 2.26 (95%CI, 1.54, 3.31), both P&lt;0.001 and required less heart failure medications (P=0.015). The broad spectrum of effects was reflected in benefits on the hierarchical composite (win ratio 1.63, 95%CI, 1.17, 2.28;P=0.004). Conclusions: Tirzepatide produced a comprehensive, meaningful improvement in heart failure across multiple complementary domains; enhanced health status, quality of life, functional capacity, exercise tolerance and well-being; and reduced symptoms and medication burden in patients with HFpEF and obesity.
Muscle layer injury during underwater endoscopic mucosal resection for an adenoma on the cecal fold
Authors: Takayuki Nagahashi, Koichi Hamada, Yoshinori Horikawa, Kae Techigawara, Masafumi Ishikawa, Michitaka Honda, Tamotsu Sugai
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) differs from conventional EMR in that it does not require local injection; instead, the colon is filled with water, and the tumor is resected [1]. It is characterized by rates of high en bloc, complete, and R0 resection, with a lower recurrence rate than conventional EMR [2] [3]. There are few reports of perforation or muscle layer injury caused by UEMR [4] [5]. Here, we report a case in which UEMR was performed for an adenoma located on the fold of the cecum, resulting in muscle layer injury ([Video 1]).
Vedolizumab to prevent postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease (REPREVIO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Geert D'Haens, Carlos Taxonera, Antonio Lopez-Sanroman, Pilar Nos, Silvio Danese, Alessandro Armuzzi, Xavier Roblin, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Rachel West, Wout G N Mares, Marjolijn Duijvestein, Krisztina B Gecse, Brian G Feagan, Guangyong Zou, Melanie S Hulshoff, Aart Mookhoek, Lotte Oldenburg, Esmé Clasquin, Yoram Bouhnik, David Laharie
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Outpatient Worsening Heart Failure in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy in the HELIOS-B Trial
Authors: Marianna Fontana, Mathew S Maurer, Julian D Gillmore, Shaun Bender, Emre Aldinc, Satish A Eraly, Patrick Y Jay, Scott D Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
<b>MODY Calculator and Clinical Features Routinely Used to Distinguish MODY From Type 2 Diabetes in Adults Perform Poorly for Youth Clinically Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes</b>
Authors: Raymond J. Kreienkamp, Beverley M. Shields, Toni I. Pollin, Amy S. Shah, Angela D. Liese, Anna Bellatorre, Catherine Pihoker, Mustafa Tosur, Jose C. Florez, Shylaja Srinivasan, Andrew T. Hattersley, Miriam S. Udler, Maria J. Redondo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)
Development and pilot of an interdisciplinary health education program to address health disparities for gender-diverse persons at the U.S./Mexico border
Authors: Brooke Merritt, Oralia Loza, Patricia Lara, Christopher G. Medlin, Andi Tiscareno
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Purpose: Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face substantial barriers to health equity, which are magnified for TGD persons of color and those living in medically underserved areas. This article presents the development and pilot of an interdisciplinary health education program for TGD individuals in an underserved U.S./Mexico border community. Feasibility of the initiative and challenges of implementing such a program are discussed.
A strategy for cost-effective large language model use at health system-scale
Authors: Eyal Klang, Donald Apakama, Ethan E. Abbott, Akhil Vaid, Joshua Lampert, Ankit Sakhuja, Robert Freeman, Alexander W. Charney, David Reich, Monica Kraft, Girish N. Nadkarni, Benjamin S. Glicksberg
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Large language models (LLMs) can optimize clinical workflows; however, the economic and computational challenges of their utilization at the health system scale are underexplored. We evaluated how concatenating queries with multiple clinical notes and tasks simultaneously affects model performance under increasing computational loads. We assessed ten LLMs of different capacities and sizes utilizing real-world patient data. We conducted >300,000 experiments of various task sizes and configurations, measuring accuracy in question-answering and the ability to properly format outputs. Performance deteriorated as the number of questions and notes increased. High-capacity models, like Llama-3–70b, had low failure rates and high accuracies. GPT-4-turbo-128k was similarly resilient across task burdens, but performance deteriorated after 50 tasks at large prompt sizes. After addressing mitigable failures, these two models can concatenate up to 50 simultaneous tasks effectively, with validation on a public medical question-answering dataset. An economic analysis demonstrated up to a 17-fold cost reduction at 50 tasks using concatenation. These results identify the limits of LLMs for effective utilization and highlight avenues for cost-efficiency at the enterprise scale.
Transcription and DNA replication collisions lead to large tandem duplications and expose targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer
Authors: Yang Yang, Michelle L. Badura, Patrick C. O’Leary, Henry M. Delavan, Troy M. Robinson, Emily A. Egusa, Xiaoming Zhong, Jason T. Swinderman, Haolong Li, Meng Zhang, Minkyu Kim, Alan Ashworth, Felix Y. Feng, Jonathan Chou, Lixing Yang
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)
Ablation of FAS confers allogeneic CD3– CAR T cells with resistance to rejection by T cells and natural killer cells
Authors: Silvia Menegatti, Sheila Lopez-Cobo, Aurelien Sutra Del Galy, Jaime Fuentealba, Lisseth Silva, Laetitia Perrin, Sandrine Heurtebise-Chrétien, Valentine Pottez-Jouatte, Aurelie Darbois, Nina Burgdorf, Anne-Laure Privat, Albane Simon, Marguerite Laprie-Sentenac, Michael Saitakis, Bryce Wick, Beau R. Webber, Branden S. Moriarity, Olivier Lantz, Sebastian Amigorena, Laurie Menger
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2024)