tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Laura R C Montgomery, Michael Swain, Amabile B Dario, Mary O'Keeffe, Tie P Yamato, Jan Hartvigsen, Simon French, Christopher Williams, Steve Kamper
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective To evaluate whether sedentary behaviour is a risk or prognostic factor for spinal pain in children and adolescents. Specifically, to estimate the (1) direction and strength of the association; (2) risk of spinal pain onset and (3) effect on spinal pain prognosis. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 23 March 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Reports estimating the effect of sedentary behaviour on spinal pain in young people (≤19 years). Results We included 129 reports, 14 were longitudinal (n = 8 433) and 115 were cross-sectional (n &gt; 697 590). We incorporated 86 studies into meta-analyses. (1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n &gt; 92 617). (2) From longitudinal data, we found low certainty evidence of no increased risk for the onset of spinal pain due to sedentary behaviour (adjusted risk ratio 1.07 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.35), k = 4, n = 1 292). (3) No studies assessed prognosis. Conclusion Cross-sectional data suggest minimally higher odds of spinal pain for children and adolescents who engage in greater sedentary behaviours. However, longitudinal data do not support a causal relationship, indicating that sedentary behaviour does not increase the risk for onset of spinal pain. Due to the low certainty of evidence, these findings must be interpreted with caution. We found no evidence of the effect sedentary behaviour has on spinal pain prognosis in children and adolescents, highlighting a considerable gap in the literature.
Combined MRI, high-resolution manometry and a randomised trial of bisacodyl versus hyoscine show the significance of an enlarged colon in constipation: the RECLAIM study
Authors: Victoria Wilkinson-Smith, Mark Scott, Alex Menys, Lukasz Wiklendt, Luca Marciani, David Atkinson, Stefano Sansone, Ausra Zdanaviciene, Carol Coupland, Charles H Knowles, Philip Dinning, Stuart A Taylor, Penny Gowland, Caroline Louise Hoad, Maura Corsetti, Robin C Spiller
Journal: Gut (2024)

Colonic motility in constipation can be assessed non-invasively using MRI.
Stratification according to autoantibody status in systemic sclerosis reveals distinct molecular signatures
Authors: Bénedicte Rouvière, Christelle Le Dantec, Eleonore Bettacchioli, Lorenzo Beretta, Nathan Foulquier, Celine Cao, Christophe Jamin, Jacques-Olivier Pers, Martin Kerick, Javier Martin, Marta Eugenia Alarcón-Riquelme, Claire de Moreuil, Divi Cornec, Sophie Hillion
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous disease, complicating its management. Its complexity and the insufficiency of clinical manifestations alone to delineate homogeneous patient groups further challenge this task. However, autoantibodies could serve as relevant markers for the pathophysiological mechanisms driving the disease. Identifying specific immunological mechanisms based on patients' serological statuses might facilitate a deeper understanding of the diversity of the disease.
Twenty year analysis of professional men’s rugby union knee injuries from the English premiership shows high rates and burden
Authors: Stephen W West, Sam J Hudson, Lindsay Starling, Matthew Cross, Sean Williams, Carly D McKay, Dario Cazzola, John H M Brooks, Rory Murray, Andy Williams, Simon P T Kemp, Keith A Stokes
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objectives To determine the rates, severity and burden of knee injuries in professional male rugby union from the English Premiership. Methods Injury and exposure data were captured over 20 seasons using a prospective cohort design. Knee injury incidence, days’ absence and burden were recorded for each injury type and by pitch surface type for match and training. Results The rate of knee injury in matches was 9.8/1000 hours (95% CIs 9.3–10.3). Mean days lost were 50 (95% CI 46 to 53) in matches and 51 (95% CI 44 to 57) in training. In matches, medial collateral ligament injuries were the most common, while anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries had the highest mean severity and burden. There was no significant change in the count of knee injuries over time; however, average severity increased significantly (annual change: 2.18 days (95% CI 1.60 to 2.77); p&lt;0.001). The incidence of match knee injury was 44% higher on artificial pitches than grass pitches (incidence rate ratio: 1.44 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.69); p&lt;0.01), with no significant difference in severity between surfaces. In matches, the tackle was the event most commonly associated with knee injuries for all diagnoses, except ACL injuries (running). In training, running was a more common injury event than the tackle. Conclusion Knee injuries in matches are common and severe in English professional men’s rugby union. Despite an increased focus on player conditioning and injury prevention throughout the study period, rates of knee injury remained stable, and resulting days’ absence increased. New strategies for the prevention of knee injuries should be considered a priority.
Association between feel-like temperatures and injury risk during international outdoor athletic championships: a prospective cohort study on 29 579 athlete starts during 10 championships
Authors: Pascal Edouard, Pierre-Eddy Dandrieux, Milan Klöwer, Astrid Junge, Sébastien Racinais, Pedro Branco, Karsten Hollander, Laurent Navarro
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Objective To analyse associations between feels-like temperatures measured with the universal thermal climate index (UTCI) and injury rates during international athletic championships. Methods During 10 international outdoor athletic championships from 2007 to 2022, in-competition injuries were collected by medical teams and local organising committees. UTCI was extracted hourly from a global reanalysis of observed atmospheric conditions during each championship. We performed Poisson regressions with incidence rates (number of injuries per 1000 athlete starts) as outcomes and UTCI as a predictive variable adjusted for sex, for all and time-loss injuries, for different injured tissue types (ie, muscle, tendon, ligament, articular, bone and skin) and specific discipline (ie, sprints, hurdles, jumps, throws, middle distance, long distance, marathon and race walking). Results A total of 1203 in-competition injuries were reported for 29 579 athlete starts. For all in-competition injuries (ie, all injured tissue types and all disciplines), higher UTCI was associated with lower incidence rates for time-loss injuries (IRR=0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.98) but not for all injuries (IRR=1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01). Based on injured tissue type with all disciplines included, higher UTCI was associated with lower incidence rates for all (IRR=0.97, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.98) and time-loss (IRR=0.96, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.96) muscle injuries. Based on the specific discipline, higher UTCI was associated with lower incidence rates for all and time-loss muscle injuries for sprints (IRR=0.95, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.96, and IRR=0.94, 95% CI 0.93 to 0.94, respectively), hurdles (IRR=0.97, 95% CI 0.96 to 97, and IRR=0.95, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.96, respectively) and throws (IRR=0.97, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.98). Conclusions Higher feels-like temperatures were associated with a decreased risk of time-loss and muscle injuries, particularly in sprints, hurdles and throws. Although the precise mechanism for lower injury rates with higher feels-like temperatures requires further investigation, adapting preparations such as warm-up or clothing to forecasted weather conditions may be of benefit.
IQGAP3 signalling mediates intratumoral functional heterogeneity to enhance malignant growth
Authors: Mitsuhiro Shimura, Junichi Matsuo, ShuChin Pang, Nawaphat Jangphattananont, Aashiq Hussain, Muhammad Bakhait Rahmat, Jung-Won Lee, Daisuke Douchi, Jasmine Jie Lin Tong, Khine Myint, Supriya Srivastava, Ming Teh, Vivien Koh, Wei Peng Yong, Jimmy Bok Yan So, Patrick Tan, Khay-Guan Yeoh, Michiaki Unno, Linda Shyue Huey Chuang, Yoshiaki Ito
Journal: Gut (2024)

Background The elevation of IQGAP3 expression in diverse cancers indicates a key role for IQGAP3 in carcinogenesis. Although IQGAP3 was established as a proliferating stomach stem cell factor and a regulator of the RAS-ERK pathway, how it drives cancer growth remains unclear. Objective We define the function of IQGAP3 in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. Design We studied the phenotypic changes caused by IQGAP3 knockdown in three molecularly diverse GC cell lines by RNA-sequencing. In vivo tumorigenesis and lung metastasis assays corroborated IQGAP3 as a mediator of oncogenic signalling. Spatial analysis was performed to evaluate the intratumoral transcriptional and functional differences between control tumours and IQGAP3 knockdown tumours. Results Transcriptomic profiling showed that IQGAP3 inhibition attenuates signal transduction networks, such as KRAS signalling, via phosphorylation blockade. IQGAP3 knockdown was associated with significant inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling-associated growth factors, including TGFβ1, concomitant with gene signatures predictive of impaired tumour microenvironment formation and reduced metastatic potential. Xenografts involving IQGAP3 knockdown cells showed attenuated tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in immunodeficient mice. Accordingly, immunofluorescence staining revealed significant reductions of TGFβ/SMAD signalling and αSMA-positive stromal cells; digital spatial analysis indicated that IQGAP3 is indispensable for the formation of two phenotypically diverse cell subpopulations, which played crucial but distinct roles in promoting oncogenic functions. Conclusion IQGAP3 knockdown suppressed the RAS-TGFβ signalling crosstalk, leading to a significant reduction of the tumour microenvironment. In particular, IQGAP3 maintains functional heterogeneity of cancer cells to enhance malignant growth. IQGAP3 is thus a highly relevant therapy target in GC.
Use of Prescription Antiemetics Among US Commercially Insured Pregnant Patients, 2005-2019
Authors: Thuy N. Thai, Joshua Brown, Stephan Schmidt, Judith Maro, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Almut G. Winterstein
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study investigates prescription antiemetic treatment patterns considering monotherapy, switching, and combination therapy during the first trimester of pregnancy and evaluates factors associated with ondansetron use.
Fulminant intravascular hemolysis resulting from <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> infection
Authors: Kyo J. P. H. Renshof, Yorick Sandberg, Floor Weerkamp, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

A 70-year-old woman with a history of successfully resected pancreatic cancer 10 years ago presented with dyspnea and fever. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis (white cell count 20.8 × 109/L) and elevated C-reactive protein (87 mg/L) with normal hemoglobin concentration (Hb) (137 g/L) and platelet count (242 × 109/L). Computed tomography identified a hepatic abscess. The abscess was drained and ceftriaxone-metronidazole was administered intravenously. Sixteen hours after presentation, the patient's condition deteriorated, with Hb dropping to 50 g/L while the platelet count remained normal. Macroscopically the blood sample appeared dark (left image), and no red blood cells could be separated upon centrifugation. A blood film showed spherocytosis and dehemoglobinized ghost cells (right image, May–Grünwald–Giemsa ×100 objective), indicating acute intravascular hemolysis. Despite early drainage plus antibiotic treatment, and admission to the intensive care unit, the patient died 21 h after initial presentation. Blood and abscess cultures grew Clostridium perfringens (metronidazole susceptible). C. perfringens liver abscess and subsequent sepsis with fulminant intravascular hemolysis are rare, but have been previously documented.1 Alpha-toxin secretion induces spherocytosis and hemolysis by disrupting cell membrane integrity via phospholipase activity.2 This case emphasizes that despite prompt diagnosis and treatment, this condition can be fatal within hours of initial presentation. A recent case report suggests that toxin-clearing interventions, following rapid diagnosis, may improve outcome in patients with acute hemolysis due to C. perfringens sepsis.3 Early treatment requires efficient communication between the laboratory and clinicians when blood samples raise the suspicion of intravascular hemolysis, followed by prompt blood film examination. Spherocytosis and the presence of ghost cells are important in suggesting this particular infection. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Biological Characterization of Ti6Al4V Additively Manufactured Surfaces: Comparison Between Ultrashort Laser Texturing and Conventional Post‐Processing
Authors: Maria Sartori, Chiara Bregoli, Melania Carniato, Luca Cavazza, Melania Maglio, Gianluca Giavaresi, Carlo Alberto Biffi, Jacopo Fiocchi, Emanuele Gruppioni, Ausonio Tuissi, Milena Fini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Among Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) has made a great contribution to optimizing the production of customized implant materials. However, the design of the ideal surface topography, capable of exerting the best biological effect without drawbacks, is still a subject of study. The aim of the present study is to topographically and biologically characterize AM-produced Ti6Al4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) samples by comparing different surface finishing. Vertically and horizontally samples are realized by LPBF with four surface finishing conditions (as-built, corundum-sandblasted, zirconia-sandblasted, femtosecond laser textured). Bioactivity in vitro tests are performed with human osteoblasts evaluating morphology, metabolic activity, and differentiation capabilities in direct contact with surfaces. Scanning electron microscope and profilometry analysis are used to evaluate surface morphology and samples' roughness with and without cells. All tested surfaces show good biocompatibility. The influence of material surface features is evident in the early evaluation, with the most promising results of morphological study for laser texturing. Deposition orientations seem to influence metabolic activities, with XZ orientation more effective than XY. Current data provide the first positive feedback on the biocompatibility of laser texturing finishing, still poorly described in the literature, and support the future clinical development of devices produced with a combination of LPBF and different finishing treatments.
STASCAN deciphers fine-resolution cell distribution maps in spatial transcriptomics by deep learning
Authors: Ying Wu, Jia-Yi Zhou, Bofei Yao, Guanshen Cui, Yong-Liang Zhao, Chun-Chun Gao, Ying Yang, Shihua Zhang, Yun-Gui Yang
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

Spatial transcriptomics technologies have been widely applied to decode cellular distribution by resolving gene expression profiles in tissue. However, sequencing techniques still limit the ability to create a fine-resolved spatial cell-type map. To this end, we develop a novel deep-learning-based approach, STASCAN, to predict the spatial cellular distribution of captured or uncharted areas where only histology images are available by cell feature learning integrating gene expression profiles and histology images. STASCAN is successfully applied across diverse datasets from different spatial transcriptomics technologies and displays significant advantages in deciphering higher-resolution cellular distribution and resolving enhanced organizational structures.
International expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (arginine vasopressin resistance)
Authors: Elena Levtchenko, Gema Ariceta, Olga Arguedas Flores, Daniel G. Bichet, Detlef Bockenhauer, Francesco Emma, Ewout J. Hoorn, Linda Koster-Kamphuis, Tom Nijenhuis, Francesco Trepiccione, Rosa Vargas-Poussou, Stephen B. Walsh, Nine V.A.M. Knoers
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2024)

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI; also known as arginine vasopressin resistance) is a rare inherited disorder of water homeostasis, caused by insensitivity of the distal nephron to arginine vasopressin. Consequently, the kidney loses its ability to concentrate urine, which leads to polyuria, polydipsia and the risk of hypertonic dehydration. The diagnosis and management of NDI are very challenging and require an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Here, we present 36 recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in both children and adults, as well as emergency management, genetic counselling and family planning, for patients with NDI. These recommendations were formulated and graded by an international group of experts in NDI from paediatric and adult nephrology, urology and clinical genetics from the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network and the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology, as well as patient advocates, and were validated by a voting panel in a Delphi process. The goal of these recommendations is to provide guidance to health care professionals who care for patients with NDI and to patients and their families. In addition, we emphasize the need for further research on different aspects of this potentially life-threatening disorder to support the development of evidence-based guidelines in the future. Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. This Consensus Statement provides clinical practice recommendations developed by the European Reference Network on Rare Kidney Diseases, the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology and patient advocates to support clinicians in the diagnosis, treatment and genetic counselling of children and adults with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
Systems immunology insights into brain metastasis
Authors: Wenjuan Dong, Jianting Sheng, Johnny Z M Cui, Hong Zhao, Stephen T C Wong
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2024)

Brain metastasis poses formidable clinical challenges due to its intricate interactions with the brain's unique immune environment, often resulting in poor prognoses. This review delves into systems immunology's role in uncovering the dynamic interplay between metastatic cancer cells and brain immunity. Leveraging spatial and single-cell technologies, along with advanced computational modeling, systems immunology offers unprecedented insights into mechanisms of immune evasion and tumor proliferation. Recent studies highlight potential immunotherapeutic targets, suggesting strategies to boost antitumor immunity and counteract cancer cell evasion in the brain. Despite substantial progress, challenges persist, particularly in accurately simulating human conditions. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to harness systems immunology's full potential, aiming to dramatically improve outcomes for patients with brain metastasis.
Correction to “Impact of liquid sublingual immunotherapy on asthma onset and progression in patients with allergic rhinitis: a nationwide population-based study (EfficAPSI study)” [The Lancet Regional Health – Europe 41 (2024) 100915]
Authors: Pascal Demoly, Mathieu Molimard, Jean-François Bergmann, Bertrand Delaisi, Amandine Gouverneur, Jade Vadel, Cédric Collin, Laurence Girard, Silvia Scurati, Philippe Devillier
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)
Parsaclisib for the treatment of primary autoimmune hemolytic anemia: Results from a phase 2, open‐label study
Authors: Wilma Barcellini, Fabrizio Pane, Andrea Patriarca, Irina Murakhovskaya, Louis Terriou, Maria T. DeSancho, Wahid T. Hanna, Lance Leopold, Erica Rappold, Ke Szeto, Shaoceng Wei, Ulrich Jäger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a group of acquired autoimmune disorders characterized by red blood cell hemolysis. In a phase 2, open‐label, multicenter study, adults with warm AIHA, cold agglutinin disease, or mixed‐type AIHA were administered once‐daily 1.0 or 2.5 mg parsaclisib (selective phosphoinositide 3‐kinase δ inhibitor) orally for 12 weeks, followed by an extension period. Dose increases (for AIHA worsening) or decreases (for tolerability) were permitted. Primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with complete (≥12 g/dL hemoglobin [Hgb]) or partial (10–12 g/dL Hgb or ≥2 g/dL increase from baseline) response at any visit during weeks 6–12 not attributable to transfusion. Among 25 enrolled patients (median age, 63 y), 16 (64%) achieved a partial or complete Hgb response during weeks 6–12. Responses were observed by week 1 in 52.0% of patients with incremental improvements during weeks 6–12 and sustained responses during the extension period. Responses were higher among patients with warm AIHA versus other types (75.0% vs. 44.4%). Clinically meaningful improvements in Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue scores were observed at weeks 6 and 12. All patients had treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), most commonly diarrhea (32.0%) and pyrexia (28.0%). Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 13 patients (52.0%). TEAEs considered possibly related to treatment occurred in 11 patients (44.0%). No dose reductions were required; six patients (24%) discontinued for a TEAE. In summary, parsaclisib was well tolerated and resulted in substantial improvements in Hgb response at week 1, with durable responses through the extension period. Clinical trial registration This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03538041).
Selenocysteine tRNA methylation promotes oxidative stress resistance in melanoma metastasis
Authors: Leona A. Nease, Kellsey P. Church, Ines Delclaux, Shino Murakami, Maider Astorkia, Marwa Zerhouni, Graciela Cascio, Riley O. Hughes, Kelsey N. Aguirre, Paul Zumbo, Lukas E. Dow, Samie Jaffrey, Doron Betel, Elena Piskounova
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)