tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostication and Biomarker Potential of C26:0 Lysophosphatidylcholine in Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Charles J. Billington, Arpana Rayannavar, Rebecca Tryon, Tory Kaye, Ashish Gupta, Troy C. Lund, Aida Lteif, Katherine L. Adriatico, Paul J. Orchard, Bradley S. Miller, Nishitha R. Pillai
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

This cohort study conducted among Minnesota children diagnosed with adrenoleukodystrophy through newborn screening examines correlation of C26:0 lysophosphatidylcholine (C26LPC) with clinical phenotype over 5 years and recommends adjusting early childhood surveillance regimens in children with lower C26LPC levels.
Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Harman Gailan Hassan Yonis, Lina Steinrud Mørch, Ellen Løkkegaard, Kristian Kragholm, Amalie Lykkemark Møller, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Amani Meaidi
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This study assesses the risk of venous thromboembolism of different forms of hormonal contraception, including pills with estrogen and progestin, vaginal rings, patches, progestin-only pills, intrauterine devices, implants, and injections.
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion With Cilioretinal Artery Sparing After Semaglutide Injection
Authors: Julie M. Shabto, Jin Kyun Oh, Tarun Sharma
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2025)

This case report highlights a temporal relationship between the use of a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1) agonist and the occurrence of central retinal artery occlusion.
Electronic Nudges for Influenza Vaccination
Authors: Pin-Hsuan Wu, Yi-Yu Ho, Ching-Mao Chang
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Can Vaginal Seeding Improve Health Outcomes of Infants Born by Cesarean Delivery?
Authors: Suchitra K. Hourigan, Noel T. Mueller, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

This Viewpoint discusses microbiome restoration by vaginal seeding in infants born by cesarean delivery and the potential of vaginal seeding to mitigate diseases associated with cesarean birth.
Complexity and Challenges of Measuring PrEP Adherence—Reply
Authors: Lorraine T. Dean
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Complexity and Challenges of Measuring PrEP Adherence
Authors: David Garcia-Martinez, Inés Soto-Baselga, Noelia Garrido-Peño
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2025)

To the Editor We acknowledge the efforts of Bakre et al1 to address primary adherence to preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP); however, we have concerns regarding the methods used by the authors and the lack of consideration of certain limitations that could affect the extrapolation of results.
Injury Rates Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Dorit Shmueli, Talish Razi, Moran Almog, Idan Menashe, Aviva Mimouni Bloch
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Injuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Identifying injuries associated with this vulnerable population could inform specific preventive actions. Objective To compare the injury risk among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or coexisting ASD and ADHD with children with typical development (TD). Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study involved 325 412 children born between 2005 and 2009, followed up until the end of 2021. Data analysis was conducted from February 2 to November 14, 2023. The study data were extracted from the Clalit Health Service (CHS) database, which contains comprehensive clinical and sociodemographic data on all members of the CHS admitted to the emergency departments (EDs) of all hospitals in Israel during the study period. Children who were members of CHS born between 2005 and 2009 were classified into 4 groups: ASD, ADHD, ASD and ADHD, and TD (control). Main Outcomes and Measures Negative binomial regression models were used to assess incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of ED visits between the study groups and the control group. These models were adjusted for birth year, sector, and socioeconomic status. IRRs for specific injuries were also assessed. The statistical significance of IRRs was assessed using 95% CIs. Results A total of 325 412 children (163 183 boys [50%]) were included in the study. Children with ASD, ADHD, or both had significantly higher ED visit rates than children with TD (IRR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.42-1.55], 1.45 [95% CI, 1.39-1.52], and 1.29 [95% CI, 1.28-1.30], respectively). Children with ADHD had also higher rates of ED visits due to physical injuries compared with controls (IRR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.16-1.20]), whereas children with ASD with or without ADHD did not (IRR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.89-1.05] and 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.00], respectively). A focused analysis of the injury profiles revealed that children with ASD or comorbid ASD and ADHD had higher rates of ingestion and inhalation injuries (IRR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.06-2.25] and 1.80 [95% CI, 1.28-2.48], respectively) and lower rates of orthopedic injuries (IRR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69-0.89] and 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.93], respectively), and animal-inflicted injuries (IRR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22-0.79] and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.60-1.35], respectively) than controls. Conclusions and Relevance In this large cohort study, different types of injury were associated with children with ASD and ADHD. The causes underlying these associations should be further investigated to develop effective approaches for injury reduction among these children.
Newborn Screening for Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Marc Engelen, Stephan Kemp
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Obecabtagene Autoleucel for B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Najat Bouchkouj, Donna Przepiorka, Lola A. Fashoyin-Aje
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This JAMA Insights discusses the recent FDA approval of obecabtagene autoleucel for adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and provides regulatory considerations.
Safety in treatment: Classical pharmacotherapeutics and new avenues for addressing maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy
Authors: Merel Dagher, Catherine M Cahill, Anne M Andrews
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2025)

We aimed to review clinical research on the safety profiles of antidepressant drugs and associations with maternal depression and neonatal outcomes. We focused on neuroendocrine changes during pregnancy and their effects on antidepressant pharmacokinetics. Pregnancy-induced alterations in drug disposition and metabolism impacting mothers and their fetuses are discussed. We considered evidence for the risks of antidepressant use during pregnancy. Teratogenicity associated with ongoing treatment, new prescriptions during pregnancy, or pausing medication while pregnant was examined. The Food and Drug Administration advises caution regarding prenatal exposure to most drugs, including antidepressants, largely owing to a dearth of safety studies caused by the common exclusion of pregnant individuals in clinical trials. We contrasted findings on antidepressant use with the lack of treatment where detrimental effects to mothers and children are well researched. Overall, drug classes such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors appear to have limited adverse effects on fetal health and child development. In the face of an increasing prevalence of major mood and anxiety disorders, we assert that individuals should be counseled before and during pregnancy about the risks and benefits of antidepressant treatment given that withholding treatment has possible negative outcomes. Moreover, newer therapeutics, such as ketamine and κ-opioid receptor antagonists, warrant further investigation for use during pregnancy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The safety of antidepressant use during pregnancy remains controversial owing to an incomplete understanding of how drug exposure affects fetal development, brain maturation, and behavior in offspring. This leaves pregnant people especially vulnerable, as pregnancy can be a highly stressful experience for many individuals, with stress being the biggest known risk factor for developing a mood or anxiety disorder. This review focuses on perinatal pharmacotherapy for treating mood and anxiety disorders, highlighting the current knowledge and gaps in our understanding of consequences of treatment.
Sciatic nerve stimulation enhances NK cell cytotoxicity through dopamine signaling and synergizes immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Guangqi Li, Yuting Jiang, Huan Tong, Jifeng Liu, Zedong Jiang, Yunuo Zhao, Keqin Tan, Yu Zhang, Xiaomeng Yin, Hong Yun, Yuxin He, Hu Liao, Jiangjiang Qin, Xuelei Ma
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2025)
TIGIT inhibitor M6223 as monotherapy or in combination with bintrafusp alfa in patients with advanced solid tumors: a first-in-human, phase 1, dose-escalation trial
Authors: Aung Naing, Meredith McKean, Anthony Tolcher, Anja Victor, Ping Hu, Wei Gao, Marco A F Nogueira Filho, Thomas Kitzing, Stephan Gleicher, Daniel Holland, Emilia Richter, Keyvan Tadjalli-Mehr, Lillian L Siu
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2025)

Background M6223 is an intravenous (IV), Fc-competent, fully human, antagonistic, anti-T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) antibody. Bintrafusp alfa (BA) is a bifunctional fusion protein that simultaneously blocks nonredundant immunosuppressive TGF-β and PD-(L)1 pathways. Methods This first-in-human, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors (N=58; aged ≥18 years, ECOG PS≤1) evaluated M6223 alone (Part 1A, n=40; M6223 10–2400 mg every 2 weeks, n=32; M6223 2400 mg every 3 weeks, n=8) or with BA (Part 1B, n=18; M6223 300–1600 mg with BA 1200 mg; both every 2 weeks, intravenous). Primary objectives were safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose for expansion (RDE). Additional objectives included pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical activity ( NCT04457778 ). Results Two dose-limiting toxicities were observed: grade 3 adrenal insufficiency (Part 1A: M6223 900 mg every 2 weeks) and grade 3 anemia (Part 1B: M6223 300 mg, only BA related). MTD was not reached. Overall, median overall survival and progression-free survival were 7.6 (95% CI 4.9, 12.0) and 1.4 (95% CI 1.3, 1.8) months, respectively. Stable disease as best response was observed in 13 (32.5%) and 5 (27.8%) patients in parts 1A and 1B, respectively. M6223±BA displayed a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Anti-TIGIT mode-of-action-related pharmacodynamic effects were observed in peripheral blood and in tumor tissue. RDEs were 1600 mg every 2 weeks or 2400 mg every 3 weeks for M6223 monotherapy and 1600+1200 mg every 2 weeks for M6223+BA. Conclusions M6223±BA had a manageable safety profile, with RDEs defined for both monotherapy and combination therapy. Further evaluation of M6223 is ongoing in combination with the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (JAVELIN Bladder Medley; NCT05327530 ). Trial registration number NCT04457778 .
Corrigendum to Efficacy and safety of ZX-7101A, an inhibitor of influenza cap-dependent endonuclease, in adults with uncomplicated influenza: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial
Authors: Hongyu Wang, Gang Wang, Yan Gao, Lihong Qu, Hong Wang, Min Deng, Hainv Gao, Yilin Li, Nan Yang, Baogui Wang, Rongge Liu, Xuzhu Ma, Zhen Tao, Guoqiang Zhang, Qian Wang, Weifeng Zhao, Yunsong Yu, Lin Chen, Lianchun Liang, Shengyu Wang, Lei Shao, Tao Yang, Jinglei Cao, Yuan Cao, Xiaoli Qin, Jing Zhang, Jingwen Ai, Huadong Zhu, Wenhong Zhang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
RNA-Binding Protein Lgals3, Ferroptosis, and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Lijia Chen, Zehua Ye, Songyuan Yang, Jinna Xie, Haoyong Li, Xiangjun Zhou, Fan Cheng
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome characterized by a precipitous decline in kidney function, posing a significant threat to patient survival. The role of RNA binding protein (RBP) in AKI remains insufficiently understood and we found an important RBP, Lgals3, that may mediate the progress of AKI. Methods: Lgals3 -/- mice, Nr4a1 -/- mice and cross-linking immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing were performed to examine the role of Lgals3 in AKI and the targeted binding proteins. Results: Lgals3 expression was notably elevated in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Inhibition of Lgals3 mitigated kidney injury in both in vivo and in vitro AKI models. Conversely, kidney-specific overexpression of Lgals3 exacerbated kidney damage. Mechanistically, Lgals3 bound to the 3’-untranslated region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, resulting in upregulation of Nr4a1 and subsequent enhancement of Bap1 transcription, facilitating ferroptosis in AKI. Moreover, knockout of Nr4a1 or inhibition of the region of AAUAAA by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) conferred protection against Lgals3-induced ferroptosis in AKI models. Conclusions: Lgals3 contributed to kidney injury by binding to the 3’UTR region of Nr4a1 via AAUAAA, leading to the activation of ferroptosis.
Moving Toward Implementation of Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Health Care
Authors: Michel E. van Genderen, Ilse M. J. Kant, Carlo Tacchetti, Stefan Jovinge
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This Viewpoint discusses the Trustworthy and Responsible AI Network Europe (TRAIN-Europe) consortium, an effort of medical and AI experts to oversee, develop, and share ethical practices through collaboration and technological solutions designed to implement responsible AI practices.
Inflammation in preschool cystic fibrosis is of mixed phenotype, extends beyond the lung and is differentially modified by CFTR modulators
Authors: Shivanthan Shanthikumar, Liam Gubbels, Anson Tsz Chun Wong, Hannah Walker, Sarath C Ranganathan, Melanie R Neeland
Journal: Thorax (2025)

Background Early-life inflammation has long been recognised as a key pathophysiological process in the evolution of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Despite this, no CF-specific anti-inflammatory treatments have been developed. This is crucial even in the era of highly effective modulator therapy as recent evidence suggests that modulators alter, but may not fully resolve, pulmonary inflammation. Methods In this study, we used clinical microbiology data, high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassays to compare pulmonary (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)) and systemic immunity in 70 preschool children with CF and a total of 32 age-matched preschool controls. Results We show that inflammation in the early-life CF lung is characterised by innate cell infiltration (neutrophils: 31.31 vs 1.8% of BAL in CF compared with controls, FDRp=0.0001; eosinophils: 0.55 vs 0.06%, FDRp=0.001, and monocytes: 1.91 vs 0.45%, FDRp=0.004) and widespread upregulation of both traditional and type 2 inflammatory soluble signatures (40 analytes significantly elevated in BAL of CF compared with controls, all FDRp&lt;0.1). Key targetable features of this response included pulmonary interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-13 which were most significantly associated with neutrophilic and eosinophilic infiltration, respectively (IL-8 and neutrophils; Spearman rho=0.68, FDRp=0.002: IL-13 and eosinophils; Spearman rho=0.75, FDRp=0.01). Signatures of type 2 inflammation, as identified by REACTOME pathway analysis, including IL-4, IL-13 and FGF-2, were highly elevated in both the lungs and circulation in early CF. When exploring the efficacy of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator modulators to resolve pulmonary and systemic inflammation in early life, we showed that different classes of modulators have varying effects on inflammation, with ivacaftor showing a more significant effect in the lungs and circulation than lumacaftor/ivacaftor. Finally, we showed that CF children with pathogen colonisation had similar levels of pulmonary inflammation as CF children without pathogen colonisation (no significant differences), and that inflammation was evident during infancy even without evidence of colonisation (as observed by significant increases in levels of SDF-1alpha, M-CSF, IL-2, IL-9, IL-12p40, IL-17, MCP-1 and LIGHT/TNFSF14, all FDRp&lt;0.1), highlighting a role for intrinsic dysregulation of inflammation that begins in early life. Conclusions We provide a rationale for targeted anti-inflammatory intervention in early-life CF.
Letter to the Editor: Hepatic decompensation is the major driver of mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab: The impact of successful antiviral treatment
Authors: Qingran Liu, Jinpeng Li, Hua Chen, Jinlong Song
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

To the editor, We read with great interest the study by Celsa et al1 examining hepatic decompensation in patients with HCC receiving atezolizumab plus bevacizumab. While providing important insights into outcomes during immunotherapy, several aspects merit further discussion. First, the identification of ALBI grade >1 and nonviral etiology as independent predictors of decompensation raises critical questions about optimal patient selection. Given the strong prognostic impact demonstrated (19-fold increased mortality risk), should we consider more stringent liver function criteria for immunotherapy initiation in nonviral HCC? The study shows that patients with ALBI grade 2/3 and nonviral etiology had a 31% 12-month decompensation risk,1 yet excluding these patients could deny potentially effective therapy. This highlights the need for better risk stratification tools beyond current parameters. Second, the protective effect of successful antiviral therapy (subdistribution HR 0.48) demands further investigation.2 The optimal timing of antiviral therapy relative to immunotherapy initiation remains unclear. Moreover, standardized protocols for managing chronic viral hepatitis during immunotherapy are lacking. In addition, strategies for metabolic risk factor modification in nonviral HCC require prospective evaluation, given limited treatment options for these patients.3,4 Third, while demonstrating that only 14% of decompensated patients received subsequent therapy versus 61% with progression alone, the study could not address whether earlier intervention in high-risk patients might prevent decompensation. Could prophylactic beta-blockers, albumin support, or careful portal pressure monitoring benefit selected patients5? The role of preventive measures needs evaluation through randomized trials. Fourth, the relationship between tumor response and decompensation warrants deeper exploration. Understanding whether early tumor response might prevent later decompensation could inform treatment duration decisions. In addition, the impact of different progression patterns on decompensation risk deserves investigation. Finally, the study raises important questions about monitoring strategies. Should high-risk patients undergo more frequent liver function assessments? What are the optimal intervals for surveillance? How can we better predict and prevent the transition from compensation to decompensation? These questions highlight the need for prospective studies integrating both oncologic and hepatologic endpoints in HCC immunotherapy trials. The findings emphasize that optimizing outcomes requires careful attention to liver function preservation alongside tumor control. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive risk prediction models and evaluating preventive strategies for high-risk populations.