tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract Su1106: Evaluating Culturally Competent Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Training in Urban Minority Communities
Authors: Smaran Sivashankar, Lisa Monk, Alexandra Lightfoot, Tyler Cope, Nkiru Osude, Kim Woodward, Parth Shirolkar
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Timely resuscitation can triple the chance of survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. Differences in bystander CPR rates between white and minority communities lead to significant racial and ethnic disparities in OHCA survival rates. Immigrant populations, in particular, face several educational barriers and are often excluded in community CPR trainings. Previous efforts have increased the inclusivity of CPR education for female and disabled citizens through targeted interventions. Significant opportunities exist to apply similar strategies and tackle community-level disparities. Aim: To examine the impact of culturally competent CPR instruction on confidence levels and acceptability of CPR skills among minority citizen groups. Methods: CPR cohorts were taught using a local emergency services syllabus. Through discussion with course site leaders, the syllabus was adapted in three categories: language variations, cultural adaptations, and/or consideration of cultural learning styles. A pre-post design was utilized to assess impact of culturally-tailored CPR training. Confidence and acceptability levels in performing CPR were measured using a digital survey. An unpaired t-test was used to analyze pre/post-course data. Trainings were held from November 2023 to May 2024. Results: All participants were 18 years or older (n=217). The response rate was 36.7% (n=80). Confidence levels increased by 121% for checking for breathing and responsiveness (p&lt;0.0001), 63.9% for communicating with 911 (p&lt;0.0001), 137% for administering chest compressions (p&lt;0.0001), and 172% for connecting an AED (p&lt;0.0001). CPR acceptability improved, with participants reporting a 47.8% reduction in perceived difficulty post-course (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Implementing culturally tailored CPR training significantly improved confidence in CPR skills and acceptability of CPR. Future experiments may compare outcomes between intervention and control CPR cohorts at more course sites.
Abstract Su1204: Impact of Hypothermia vs. Normothermia Temperature Management Based on Body Temperature at Hospital Arrival on 30-Day Neurological Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients: A Nationwide, Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito, Takafumi Obara, Yoshinori Kosaki, Takashi Hongo, Tetsuya Yumoto, Kohei Tsukahara, Atsunori Nakao
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Temperature management (TM) to prevent fever is crucial to mitigate neurological deterioration post-cardiac arrest. Whether hypothermic TM (h-TM) is superior or equal to normothermic TM (n-TM) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is debatable, prompting ongoing effects to identify patients who might benefit more from h-TM. We hypothesized that effect of TM would differ based on body temperature at hospital arrival. Aim: Explore which post-cardiac arrest patient subsets might benefit from h-TM by stratifying them based on body temperature at hospital arrival. Methods: This retrospective, observational study used data from the OHCA registry in Japan. Patients 18 years and older who experienced OHCA due to medical cause and received TM in the intensive care unit were included. Primary outcome measure was 30-day favorable neurological outcomes, defined as a Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2. Patients were stratified into groups based on body temperature at hospital arrival: normothermia (36.0-38.0°C), hypothermia (&lt;36.0°C), and hyperthermia (&gt;38.0°C). Effect of TM post-cardiac arrest (h-TM [32-34°C] or n-TM [35-36°C]) was evaluated in each stratified group. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used for comparison. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for favorable neurological outcome with h-TM was calculated using n-TM as a reference. Hyperthermia was excluded from multivariable analyses due to small sample size. Results: We analyzed 3,044 patients, 1,273 in the normothermia group, 1,747 in the hypothermia group, and 24 in the hyperthermia group. Numbers of patients with favorable neurological outcomes were as follows: 530/1,273 (41.6%) in the normothermia group, 584/1,747 (33.4%) in the hypothermia group, and 4/24 (16.7%) in the hyperthermia group. There were no differences in favorable 30-day neurological outcomes between h-TM and n-TM in any stratified group in the univariable analysis: normothermia (h-TM 323/785 [41.2%] vs. n-TM 207/488 [42.4%], p=0.66); hypothermia (411/1,185 [34.7%] vs. 173/562 [30.8%], p=0.11); hyperthermia (3/13 [23.1%] vs. 1/11 [9.1%], p=0.59). Multivariable analysis also showed no differences: normothermia (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.72-1.26), hypothermia (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.85-1.42). Conclusion: TM (h-TM vs. n-TM) did not significantly affect 30-day neurological outcomes, regardless of initial temperature at hospital arrival.
Abstract Su405: Effect Of A Visual Feedback Device On The Acquisition Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Skills In Training Certified By The American Heart Association: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Carina Castro, Jacqueline Vaz, Mariana Oliveira Tripoli de Mattos, Juarez Barbisan
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is fundamental for the success in the care of cardiorespiratory arrest. In CPR skills training, manequins with feedback on quality parameters have been employed and received varied evaluative results. The American Heart Association (AHA) encourages the use of feedback devices in CPR training; however, its effects have not been evaluated in courses certified by it. Research Questions: Training with visual feedback devices alters the learning of students in acquiring psychomotor skills in CPR? Goals: To evaluate the effect of a visual feedback device on CPR training, in AHA certified courses. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to estimate the intervention of a visual feedback device in practical CPR training for nurses, medical students and physicians in the Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) courses. For that, having as parameters the quality criteria determined by the AHA, we tried to compare the performance results of the trained students with objective feedback from the device and the trained students with subjective feedback from the instructor. Statistical analysis included chi-square test, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney u test, Spearman’s-rho correlation coefficient. Significance level considered was 0.05. A survey was registered with ClinicalTrials®, under resgistration NCT 04338490. Results: The sample consisted of 209 students; of these 119 (56.9%) were women, and 148 (70.8%) were physicians. The control group had 98 students, and the intervention group 111 students. The performance of students from both groups reached the criteria of quality in CPR. The group trained with a feedback device achieved, according to guidelines, better results in the rate of chest compressions, 78 (70.3%) versus 48 (49.0%), p &lt;0.01, and in return of the chest 100 (91; 100) versus 99 (78.25; 100), p &lt;0.03. As for the recommended compression fraction, 60% to 80%, both groups were above 60%; however, no student in the study reached 80%. Conclusions: The visual feedback device was effective in CPR training, improving students’ performance in the criteria of compression rates between 100 and 120/min and total return of the chest between compressions.
Abstract Su1105: Healthcare Students' Attitudes on Adult Basic Life Support Training via Virtual Reality: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Nino Fijacko, Vinay Nadkarni, Benjamin Abella
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Adult Basic Life Support (BLS) is a crucial skill for healthcare professionals. In recent years, the use of immersive technology, such as virtual reality (VR), has increased in educational research projects. However, published data have yet to show significant advantages over traditional methods for BLS education. Research Question: Does providing adult BLS content through VR fit the new generation of healthcare students? Goal: To assess student perspectives after a novel BLS educational program involving an interactive 360° VR environment. Methods: In June 2024, the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Maribor (Maribor, Slovenia) hosted 24 healthcare students from the University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, USA) for an interactive 360° video-based VR adult BLS training session. The training employed Meta Quest 3 headsets (California, USA), featuring an adult BLS scenario developed by the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Maribor called InTECHiE360. After the VR training, the students completed a 21-question Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate their experiences, with a rating of 1 indicating "totally agree", and a rating of 7 indicating "totally disagree". Prior to the study, participants provided written consent, and data were collected anonymously to ensure confidentiality. Results: A total of 21 participants, with a mean age of 20 years (SD±0.7), took part in our study. The majority were female (17/21; 81%) and medical students (12/21; 57%). Most participants (16/21; 76%) had previously used VR, primarily for recreational gaming, rather than for educational purposes. The participants strongly agreed that the VR experience made them feel physically present in the adult BLS training session (mean score 1.9; SD±0.8), was realistic (mean score 2.0; SD±0.9) and provided a better learning experience compared to traditional lectures (mean score 1.5; SD±1.0). They also felt that they learned something new about adult BLS through the VR training (mean score 1.6; SD±1.1) and that adult BLS content was well presented in VR (mean score 1.4; SD±0.6). None of the participants experienced cybersickness, such as nausea or dizziness, and all of them would recommend this VR experience. Conclusion: We developed an interactive, immersive, evidence-based educational tool with a low risk of cybersickness, designed to appeal to the current generation of healthcare students and enhance their cognitive, behavioral, and affective learning outcomes.
Abstract Su1203: Temporal Trends in Post-Resuscitation Fever After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Mohammad Abdel Jawad, Kensey Gosch, Evan O'Keefe, Paul Chan
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Background: A goal of post-resuscitation care among patients successfully resuscitated from in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is avoidance of fever. However, the incidence of post-resuscitation fever after the initial therapeutic hypothermia trials in 2002 and after the recent Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) trial in 2013 is unknown. Objective: Examine temporal trends in fever during the first 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) from IHCA during 2005-2013 (after the initial hypothermia trials) and then during 2014-2022 (after the TTM trial). Methods: Within the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry for IHCA in the U.S., we identified adult patients with ROSC after an index IHCA from 127 hospitals that submitted data on IHCA during both time periods between 2005 and 2022. Patients with sepsis and COVID-19 infection were excluded. We evaluated temporal trends in post-resuscitation fever (defined as &gt; 100 ° F ) during 2005-2013 after the initial hypothermia trials, and then between 2014-2022 after the TTM trial. Results: Among 41,155 patients with ROSC after IHCA, the mean age was 64.8 years (±15.0); 60.0% were male, and 68.6% were of White race. Overall, 11,745 (28.5%) developed post-resuscitation fever (Figure 1). Following the therapeutic hypothermia trials in late 2002, the incidence of fever decreased from 39.1% in 2005 to 29.0% in 2013 ( P for trend &lt; 0.001) (Figure 2). After the publication of the TTM trial in late 2013, post-resuscitation fever in the years 2014-2022 did not go up but declined more modestly ( P for trend = 0.003). Conclusions: Between 2005 and 2013, the incidence of post-resuscitation fever after IHCA decreased substantially. Since the publication of the TTM trial in late 2013, fever incidence has not increased; rather, it has remained relatively stable, even as reported use of therapeutic hypothermia has declined.
Abstract Su1107: Online educational film depiction of opioid overdose causing cardiac arrest
Authors: Ensi Bejto, Pouyan Mofidi Nasab, Lorrel Toft
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Introduction: Opioid overdose (OD) is a growing cause of cardiac arrest in the US, spurred by the rise of illegally manufactured fentanyl and analogs. Naloxone is a reversal agent that can be administered by bystanders. Intra-nasal (IN) naloxone is now widely available in pharmacies across the US. Despite increasing access, minority populations remain disproportionately affected by drug overdose deaths. There are many free online opioid OD educational videos. Digital media can be a powerful tool for mass education, but the effectiveness is unknown. Research Question and Aims: The goal of this study was to evaluate online opioid overdose videos for content and gender/racial representation. Methods: We performed an online search with the query “how to give Narcan” (popular term for IN naloxone). Results were limited to the first 52 Google, 50 YouTube, and 60 TikTok videos. Exclusion criteria included: animal victim, duplicate, or no mention of naloxone. For each video, 2 reviewers evaluated content and identified the race and gender of featured characters. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. The race and gender of featured characters was compared using a two proportion z-test. Inter-rater reliability (IRR) for each data point was calculated using the arithmetic mean of Cohen's kappa. Results: Of 121 videos, the majority (87.6%) mentioned naloxone as a treatment for opioid OD; 62.8% provided instruction on how to administer IN naloxone, and 4.1% featured a testimonial. Only 43.0% provided a realistic visual demonstration of IN naloxone administration; 25.6% showed a realistic re-enactment of opioid overdose, and even fewer (19.0%) showed the dramatic response to naloxone. IRR was high for all categories. Videos predominantly featured white compared to non-white-appearing characters in both the victim (75.5 v. 17.8%, p&lt; 0.00001) and rescuer roles (72.5 v 21.6%, p&lt;0.00001). The rescuer gender was evenly distributed male v. female; however, the victim was more often male (77.8% v. 22.2%, p&lt;0.00001). Conclusion: Most online opioid OD videos provide instructions on how to use IN naloxone, but do not feature realistic depictions of cardiac arrest caused by opioid OD, naloxone treatment, or response. There is a significant lack of racial diversity in these videos. Digital materials are needed with improved diversity and which teach learners how to RECOGNIZE and respond to opioid OD.
VISTA: A Tool for Fast Taxonomic Assignment of Viral Genome Sequences
Authors: Tao Zhang, Yiyun Liu, Xutong Guo, Xinran Zhang, Xinchang Zheng, Mochen Zhang, Yiming Bao
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2024)

The rapid expansion of the number of viral genome sequences in public databases necessitates a scalable, universal, and automated preliminary taxonomic framework for comprehensive virus studies. Here, we introduce VISTA (Virus Sequence-based Taxonomy Assignment), a computational tool that employs a novel pairwise sequence comparison system and an automatic demarcation threshold identification framework for virus taxonomy. Leveraging physio-chemical property sequences, k-mer profiles, and machine learning techniques, VISTA constructs a robust distance-based framework for taxonomic assignment. Functionally similar to PASC (Pairwise Sequence Comparison), a widely used virus assignment tool based on pairwise sequence comparison, VISTA demonstrates superior performance by providing significantly improved separation for taxonomic groups, more objective taxonomic demarcation thresholds, greatly enhanced speed, and a wider application scope. We successfully applied VISTA to 38 virus families, as well as to the class Caudoviricetes. This demonstrates VISTA's scalability, robustness, and ability to automatically and accurately assign taxonomy to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses. Furthermore, the application of VISTA to 679 unclassified prokaryotic virus genomes recovered from metagenomic data identified 46 novel virus families. VISTA is available as both a command line tool and a user-friendly web portal at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/vista.
Pediatric Rash Illness Outbreak with Initial Positive Measles Immunoglobulin M Antibody Test Results — American Samoa, March–July 2023
Authors: Ruth Stefanos, Sabrina Schatzman, Brian Wakeman, Kelley Raines, Lakshmi Radhakrishnan, Thomas D. Filardo, Stephen N. Crooke, Bettina Bankamp, R. Suzanne Beard, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Rachel L. Marine, Suxiang Tong, Adam Konrote, Astrid M. Johansson, Annette Fa’alevao Ilimaleota, Motusa Tuileama Nua, Sarah K. Kemble, Edward Desmond, Paul A. Rota, Janell A. Routh, W. Thane Hancock, David E. Sugerman, Magele Scott Anesi, Ronald Balajadia, Allison M. Brady, Christina J. Castro, Atefeh Paziraei Chamanzad, Tai-Ho Chen, Heather Colley, Janine Cory, Nathan E. Crawford, Brian D. Emery, Remedios B. Gose, Susette Japin, Peter Judicpa, Gimin Kim, Drew Kuwazaki, Elizabeth Lauvao, Yan Li, Josese Limaono, Sara Mercader, Nehalraza Momin, Romson Nuake, Angelynn Papu, Raijieli Rasekaseka, Maopa Raikabula, Adam C. Retchless, Shannon L. Rogers, Sun Bae Sowers, Ying Tao, Ashley Tippins, Alex Turner, Brandi Turner, Vasiti Uluiviti, Jing Zhang
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

On April 24, 2023, the American Samoa Department of Health (ASDoH) declared a public health emergency amid concern about a possible measles outbreak given low 2-dose vaccination coverage at the time. ASDoH had received two positive measles immunoglobulin (Ig) M test results after Flag Day festivities 1 week earlier from vaccinated children. ASDoH performed active case finding, took actions to mitigate transmission, and requested technical assistance from CDC. ASDoH implemented a vaccination campaign to improve suboptimal coverage. Confirmatory molecular testing of specimens from these initial persons under investigation (PUIs) was not possible, but subsequent testing of specimens from additional PUIs by Hawaii State Laboratories Division and CDC ruled out measles. In settings with low measles prevalence, measles antibody testing results have low positive predictive value and can lead to difficulties with interpreting results. Testing for additional pathogens revealed a variety of viruses known to cause common childhood viral exanthems. Both molecular and serologic testing should be performed for all suspected measles cases. To decrease the probability of false-positive IgM results, testing should be reserved for cases that meet the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists measles case definition, especially those in persons with no evidence of immunity and with a history of recent international travel. In addition, maintaining high measles vaccination coverage can prevent future outbreaks.
Artemisinin Partial Resistance in Ugandan Children With Complicated Malaria
Authors: Ryan C. Henrici, Ruth Namazzi, Giselle Lima-Cooper, Charles Kato, Sadati Aliwuya, Jamille G. Dombrowski, Sade Pratt, Susana Campino, Andrea L. Conroy, Colin J. Sutherland, Chandy C. John, Robert O. Opoka
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study assesses artemisinin partial resistance, Pfkelch13 variations, and malaria recrudescence in Ugandan children with complicated malaria.
Artemisinin Partial Resistance and the Treatment of Severe Malaria
Authors: Philip J. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Ryan C. Henrici, MD, PhD; Ruth Namazzi, MBChB, MMed; Giselle Lima-Cooper, PhD; Charles Kato, MBChB; Sadati Aliwuya, MS; Jamille G. Dombrowski, PhD; Sade Pratt, MS; Susana Campino, PhD; Andrea L. Conroy, PhD; Colin J. Sutherland, PhD; Chandy C. John, MD, MS; Robert O. Opoka, MBChB, MMed
Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy
Authors: Calvin Q. Pan, Erhei Dai, Zhongfu Mo, Hua Zhang, Thomas Q. Zheng, Yuming Wang, Yingxia Liu, Tianyan Chen, Suwen Li, Cuili Yang, Jinjuan Wu, Xiuli Chen, Huaibin Zou, Shanshan Mei, Lin Zhu
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.
Emergency Department Visits Involving Hallucinogen Use and Risk of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Daniel T. Myran, Michael Pugliese, Jennifer Xiao, Tyler S. Kaster, M. Ishrat Husain, Kelly K. Anderson, Nicholas Fabiano, Stanley Wong, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Colleen Webber, Peter Tanuseputro, Marco Solmi
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Interest in and use of hallucinogens has been increasing rapidly. While a frequently raised concern is that hallucinogens may be associated with an increased risk of psychosis, there are limited data on this association.
Fine Particulate Matter, Its Constituents, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Anqi Jiao, Alexa N. Reilly, Tarik Benmarhnia, Yi Sun, Chantal Avila, Vicki Chiu, Jeff Slezak, David A. Sacks, John Molitor, Mengyi Li, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, Jun Wu, Darios Getahun
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

The associations of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its constituents with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) remain understudied. Identifying subpopulations at increased risk characterized by socioeconomic status and other environmental factors is critical for targeted interventions.