tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Shortcomings of transgender identity concealment research: a scoping review of associations with mental health
Authors: Lily A. Osmetti, Kachina R. Allen, Desirée Kozlowski
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Empirical research indicates that high rates of mental health issues in members of marginalised population groups are predicted in part by their decisions to disclose or conceal their stigmatized identities from others-a field of study known as outness research. Transgender outness research is a nascent branch of this field. It reflects neither the multidimensional view of disclosure and concealment adopted in other branches, nor the ability to address unique aspects of trans outness, such as the practical challenges of concealment and the difference between concealing one's gender identity and concealing one's assigned sex. Consequently, prior literature may not accurately represent the effects of transgender identity disclosure and concealment. This scoping review explores the theoretical and operational definitions of trans disclosure and concealment in 46 English-language papers, identified from extensive database searches, addressing relationships between these concepts and mental health factors. Findings indicate that the issues outlined above remain unresolved, even in the widely-used nondisclosure subscale of the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure, and are rarely recognized as a potential source of error. Although small detrimental effects of concealment and beneficial effects of disclosure on mental health were reported in the reviewed studies, reliable conclusions about these relationships and their importance to health and safety in the trans community cannot be drawn while these shortcomings are overlooked. We encourage researchers to address these neglected areas, reevaluate the language used in measurement questions, and conduct longitudinal research to support an accurate understanding of trans outness phenomena.
Burden of Mortality from Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Biliary Tract Cancers by Race and Ethnicity and Sex in US, 2018-2023
Authors: Donghee Kim, Richie Manikat, Karn Wijarnpreecha, George Cholankeril, Aijaz Ahmed
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2024)

Backgrounds/Aims: The trends in mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biliary tract cancers stratified by sex and race/ethnicity in the US continue to evolve. We estimated the sex- and race/ethnicity-based trends in HCC and biliary tract cancers-related mortality in US adults with a focus on disease burden.Methods: We performed a population-based analysis using the US national mortality records from 2018 to 2023. We identified HCC and biliary tract cancer using appropriate ICD-10 codes. Temporal trends in mortality were calculated by joinpoint analysis with annual percentage change (APC).Results: Annual age-standardized mortality from HCC decreased steadily with an APC of –1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: –2.0% to –0.7%). While there was a linear increase in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma-related mortality (APC: 3.1%, 95% CI: 1.2–4.9%) and ampulla of Vater cancer-related mortality (APC: 4.1%, 95% CI: 0.5–7.9%), gallbladder cancer-related mortality decreased (APC: –1.9%, 95% CI: –3.8% to –0.0%). Decreasing trends in mortality from HCC were noted in males, not females. HCC-related mortality decreased more steeply in racial and ethnic minority individuals compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. Racial and ethnic differences in trends in mortality for biliary tract cancers depended on the malignancy’s anatomical site.Conclusions: While the annual mortality for HCC and gallbladder cancer demonstrated declining trends, ICC- and AVC-related mortality continued to increase from 2018 to 2023. Although racial and ethnic minority individuals in the US experienced disproportionately higher HCC and biliary tract cancer, recent declines in HCC may be primarily due to declines among racial and ethnic minority individuals and males.
Auto-loaded TRAIL-exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells for brain cancer therapy
Authors: Xiaopei Zhang, Hannah Taylor, Alain Valdivia, Rajaneekar Dasari, Andrew Buckley, Emily Bonacquisti, Juliane Nguyen, Krishna Kanchi, David L Corcoran, Laura E Herring, Dennis A Steindler, Albert Baldwin, Shawn Hingtgen, Andrew Benson Satterlee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Uni-directional release of ibuprofen from an asymmetric fibrous membrane enables effective peritendinous anti-adhesion
Authors: Jixia Deng, Zhixiao Yao, Shikun Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Lei Zhan, Tongyu Wang, Wenhua Yu, Jiamei Zeng, Jinglei Wu, Shaoju Fu, Shihao Wu, Yuanming Ouyang, Chen Huang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Radiation Therapy–Induced Fibrous Histiocytoma, Mimicking Local Recurrence and Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Breast Cancer
Authors: Muhammet Fatih Beytur, Göksel Alçın, Selçuk Cin, Nurhan Ergül, Tevfik Fikret Çermik, Esra Arslan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 76-year-old woman was diagnosed breast carcinoma and treated with breast-conserving surgery and chemoradiotherapy. A year after the treatment completion, restaging 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan detected no any pathological finding. However, due to a lesion detected during physical examination on the right thoracic wall adjacent to the primary tumor bed, 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed 9 months later for restaging. Highly intense FDG uptake was detected in an approximately 1-cm nodular lesion, and metastasis was reported as suspicious, and histopathological confirmation was recommended. Excision was performed and pathological examination diagnosed benign cellular fibrous histiocytoma.
The Added Value of Contrast-Enhanced 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI Over 18F-FDG PET/CT in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jie Ding, Jun Zhao, Xing Chen, Zhiwen You, Haiyan Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 43-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels showed no malignant evidence on 18 F-FDG PET/CT. However, subsequent assessment using 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR identified a lesion with increased FAPI uptake in the liver, coupled with detailed enhancement patterns on MRI, leading to a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, later confirmed by pathology. This case highlights the pivotal role of integrated 68 Ga-FAPI-04 PET and enhanced MRI in refining hepatocellular carcinoma diagnostics, advancing a more nuanced imaging approach over conventional modalities for comprehensive evaluation of hepatic lesions.
Cavernous Sinus Metastasis From Laryngeal Cancer Identified by 18F-FDG PET/MR
Authors: Futao Cui, Minggang Su, Rong Tian, Qianrui Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Cavernous sinus metastasis from head and neck cancers is rare. We report FDG PET/MRI findings of cavernous sinus metastases from laryngeal cancer in a 56-year-old woman. The images revealed isointense lesions in the bilateral cavernous sinus on T2-weighted MR, with slight enhancement, and intense FDG uptake. The lesions were confirmed as metastases to the cavernous sinus.
Brain Nocardiosis Mimicking Intracerebral Invasion on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Xiujuan Zhao, Meng Dai, Nuo Li, Jingmian Zhang, Xinming Zhao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Brain nocardiosis is an uncommon but severe disease associated with high mortality. We present a case of brain nocardiosis with elevated tracer uptake on both 68 Ga-pentixafor and 18 F-FDG PET/CT, mimicking intracerebral invasion of multiple myeloma. This case demonstrates that nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brain lesions found on PET/CT with increased tracer accumulation in immunocompromised patients.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings of a Patient With Stercoral Colitis
Authors: Özlem Şahin, Zeynep Aydın, Ülkü Kerimoğlu, Cennet Cansel Karakaşoğlu, Buğra Kaya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Stercoral colitis is a colonic inflammation caused by fecal impaction. It is now more commonly discussed in the literature due to its clinical significance, which has gained recognition in recent years. Delayed diagnosis may result in complications such as sepsis and perforation, which have a high mortality rate. Reporting incidentally detected stercoral colitis on FDG PET/CT can help prevent mortality and morbidity by enabling early diagnosis and treatment. In this case, we report on a patient with gastric cancer who was identified with stercoral colitis using FDG PET/CT data.
Incidental 18F-Florapronol Uptake in Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Hansol Moon, Chi-Hoon Choi, Siekyeong Kim, Chulhan Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 55-year-old man with cognitive impairment underwent 18 F-florapronol brain PET/CT, a diagnostic radiotracer for the visualization of β-amyloid plaques. Brain PET images revealed incidental 18 F-florapronol uptake in the sellar region. The following contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed pituitary adenoma.
Atypical Presentation of Splenic Tissue Mimicking Neuroendocrine Tumor Relapse
Authors: Andrea Guarneri, Vittoria Rufini, Giovanni Schinzari, Guido Rindi, Lucia Leccisotti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 61-year-old man underwent splenopancreasectomy for a 3-cm neuroendocrine tumor of the body of the pancreas (G2, pT1 pN0, Ki67 3%). Five months after surgery 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed increased radiotracer uptake in a solid tissue of the splenic fossa, possibly referring to a splenosis nodule. After 19 months, a further 68 Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT showed a significant functional and dimensional increase of the previously detected tissue and the appearance of a new finding in the left lateral abdominal wall. In the suspicion of neuroendocrine tumor relapse, the patient underwent surgical excision of the documented lesions. Histology showed splenosis in both nodules.
Unusual Achalasia Presentation Detected on 131I SPECT/CT in a Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patient
Authors: Shengqing Hu, Xiaoli Lan, Wei Cao, Zairong Gao, Xiaotian Xia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Various factors leading to unexpected false-positive 131 I uptake have been extensively studied in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In this case, we present a patient who underwent achalasia surgery and subsequently exhibited abnormal 131 I uptake on SPECT/CT imaging. The patient was a known case of papillary thyroid carcinoma that suggested to 131 I therapy. 131 I SPECT/CT showed linear increased activity in the distended esophagus.
Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Bartholin Gland
Authors: Benjamin Cole Gray, Matthew James Gellatly, Jorge Daniel Oldan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholin gland is an exceedingly rare neoplasm. A 56-year-old woman with remote ACC resection (plus neoadjuvant chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy) presented to an outside institution with shortness of breath. CT showed bilateral pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. With high clinical suspicion for metastatic disease, 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed and showed scattered nodules with mild FDG uptake along with FDG-avid mediastinal, bilateral hilar, and bilateral cervical chain lymphadenopathy. Lung biopsy of a hypermetabolic nodule confirmed metastatic ACC.
Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, FET-CREB Fusion Positive, Evaluated With 18F-FET and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Christian Engkebølle, Bodil Elisabeth Engelmann, David Scheie, Kåre Fugleholm, Ian Law
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Intracranial mesenchymal tumor, FET-CREB fusion positive, is a newly recognized and rare CNS tumor that occurs primarily in children and young adults. It is regarded as the intracranial variant of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Extracranial angiomatoid fibrous histiocytomas are typically located in the extremities and usually discernible on a 18 F-FDG PET/CT scanning. We present a 50-year-old man with recurrence of a primary intracranial mesenchymal tumor with equivocal 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings but with subsequent highly increased metabolic activity using 18 F-FET PET/CT confirming tumor recurrence. This case highlights the importance of 18 F-FET PET/CT, as opposed to 18 F-FDG, in the clinical evaluation of this rare intracranial mesenchymal tumor.
Gingival Hyperplasia Masquerading as Tumor Lesion, Possibly Linked to Amlodipine Use
Authors: Hirokazu Sawamura, Sho Koyasu, Akihiko Sugimoto, Shintaro Fujimura, Yuji Nakamoto
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 70-year-old woman under amlodipine treatment for hypertension presented with a hemorrhagic mass in the mandibular gingiva. Imaging studies revealed high signal intensity in T2-weighted MRI and moderate 18 F-FDG accumulation at the lesion’s periphery. Although no malignancy was detected, the lesion continuously grew, prompting excision. Histopathological examination confirmed gingival hyperplasia attributed to amlodipine use. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia typically presents as diffuse swelling; however, this lesion manifested as a polyp, posing diagnostic challenges. Reports on imaging findings for drug-induced gingival hyperplasia are limited. Understanding imaging patterns alongside clinical history aids in accurate diagnosis.
Simple Pulmonary Eosinophilia Mimicking Lung Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Lan Yang, Ziqian Dong, Lingge Wei, Feilong Chen, Peng Xie
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 72-year-old man with pancreatic tail cancer underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy 1 year ago. Routine postoperative follow-up CT detected multiple pulmonary nodules. 18 F-FDG PET/CT showed multiple FDG-avid nodules in the bilateral lungs, which highly suggested the possibility of lung metastases of pancreatic cancer. Finally, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of simple pulmonary eosinophilia.
Incidental Detection of Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interventricular Septum on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Suraj Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Rajender Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, Satyawati Mohindra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Cardiac lipomatous hypertrophy is a rare benign condition almost exclusively involving the interatrial septum. Interventricular septum involvement is seldom noted, with only a few documented case reports demonstrating the finding on various modalities such as ECHO, CT, and MRI. FDG PET can be a surrogate marker for lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum. Here, we describe a case of incidentally detected lipomatous hypertrophy of the interventricular septum on FDG PET/CT in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx.
Over-the-scope clip as first-line treatment of peptic ulcer bleeding: is it suitable for all?
Authors: Rapat Pittayanon
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

In this issue of Endoscopy, Soriani et al. [1] evaluate the efficacy of over-the-scope (OTS) clips versus through-the-scope (TTS) clips as a primary treatment in Forrest Ia–IIb peptic ulcer bleeding. They conducted a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in four Italian and one Spanish center. This was the first trial to provide head-to-head comparison between two mechanical modalities in endoscopic hemostatic treatment for high risk peptic ulcer bleeding. The negative result of the 30-day rebleeding rate after successful initial hemostasis was 1.6% (1/61) and 3.9% (2/51) for patients treated with OTS clips and TTS clips, respectively (RR = 0.42, 95%CI 0.04–4.53; P=0.47). However, the successful initial hemostasis and overall clinical success rates were higher in the OTS clip group than in the TTS clip group (98.4% vs. 78.4%, P=0.001; 96.7% vs. 74.5%, P=0.001, respectively) with an absolute risk reduction of 20%.
Assessment of endpoint definitions in curative-intent trials for mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations
Authors: Annette M Lim, Lachlan McDowell, Chris Hurt, Christophe Le Tourneau, Akihiro Homma, George Shenouda, David J Thomson, Antoine Moya-Plana, Christina Henson, Petr Szturz, Andrew T Day, James E Bates, Smaro Lazarakis, Juliette Thariat, Amanda Psyrri, Hisham Mehanna, Sue S Yom
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Addition of temsirolimus to chemotherapy in children, adolescents, and young adults with intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (ARST1431): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Abha A Gupta, Wei Xue, Douglas J Harrison, Douglas S Hawkins, Roshni Dasgupta, Suzanne Wolden, Barry Shulkin, Amira Qumseya, Jonathan C Routh, Tamara MacDonald, Shari Feinberg, Brian Crompton, Erin R Rudzinski, Michael Arnold, Raj Venkatramani
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Assessment of endpoint definitions in recurrent and metastatic mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma trials: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations
Authors: Annette M Lim, Christophe Le Tourneau, Chris Hurt, Sarbani G Laskar, Conor E Steuer, Velda L Y Chow, Petr Szturz, Christina Henson, Andrew T Day, James E Bates, Smaro Lazarakis, Lachlan McDowell, Hisham Mehanna, Sue S Yom
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Criteria for the diagnosis of extranodal extension detected on radiological imaging in head and neck cancer: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations
Authors: Christina Henson, Ahmad K Abou-Foul, Eugene Yu, Christine Glastonbury, Shao Hui Huang, Ann D King, William M Lydiatt, Lachlan McDowell, Alex A Nagelschneider, Paul C Nankivell, Brian O'Sullivan, Rhian Rhys, Youping Xiao, David Andrew, Jon T Asmussen, Francois Bidault, Jan W Dankbaar, Pim de Graaf, Eloisa S Gebrim, Chaosu Hu, Jianhui Ding, Tomonori Kanda, Jane Kim, Hirofumi Kuno, Santiago Medrano-Martorell, Nikolaos Oikonomopoulos, Julian Park-Nam Goh, Eloisa Santos-Armentia, Darius G Schafigh, Rathan M Subramaniam, Xin Cynthia Wu, Sue S Yom, Hisham Mehanna
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Standardised definitions and diagnostic criteria for extranodal extension detected on histopathological examination in head and neck cancer: Head and Neck Cancer International Group consensus recommendations
Authors: Ahmad K Abou-Foul, Christina Henson, Rebecca D Chernock, Shao Hui Huang, William M Lydiatt, Lachlan McDowell, Brian O'Sullivan, Bayardo Perez-Ordonez, Max Robinson, Paul C Nankivell, Elena Ruiz-Bravo, Simion I Chiosea, Tina M Green, Keith D Hunter, Jacqueline Sg Hwang, Senada Koljenovic, Sjors A Koppes, Stine R Larsen, Anthony W I Lo, Valérie Costes-Martineau, Neha Mittal, Taisuke Mori, Toshitaka Nagao, Ioannis G Panayiotides, Clóvis A L Pinto, Kathrin Scheckenbach, Raja R Seethala, Benedicte P Ulhøi, Andrea Vingiani, Yan Zhang, Sue S Yom, Hisham Mehanna
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Topically Applied Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Disease: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Marc Brown, Adrian Williams, Robert P. Chilcott, Brendan Brady, Jon Lenn, Charles Evans, Lynn Allen, William J. McAuley, Mubinah Beebeejaun, Jasmin Haslinger, Claire Beuttel, Raquel Vieira, Florencia Guidali, Margarida Miranda
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2024)

The purpose of this review is to summarize essential biological, pharmaceutical and clinical aspects in the field of topically applied medicines that may help scientists when trying to develop new topical medicines. After a brief history of topical drug delivery, a review of the structure and function of the skin, routes of drug absorption and their limitations is then provided. The most prevalent diseases and current topical treatment approaches are then detailed, the organization of which reflects the key disease categories of autoimmune and inflammatory, microbial infections, skin cancers and genetic skin diseases. The complexity of topical product development through to large scale manufacture along with recommended risk mitigation approaches is then highlighted. As such topical treatments are applied externally patient preferences along with the challenges they invoke are then described and finally the future of this field of drug delivery is discussed with the emphasis on areas that are more likely to yield significant improvements over the topical medicines in current use or would expand the range of medicines and diseases treatable by this route of administration. <b>Significance Statement</b> This review of the key aspects the skin, its associated diseases and current treatments along with the intricacies of topical formulation development should be helpful in making judicious decisions about the development of new or improved topical medicines. These aspects include the choices of the active ingredients, formulations, the target patient populations preferences and limitations and the future with regards to new skin diseases and topical medicine approaches.
Lessons for Cardiovascular Clinical Investigators
Authors: Milton Packer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Whereas medical practice stems from Hippocrates, cardiovascular science originates with Aristotle. The Hippocratic philosophy was championed by Galen (129-216 CE), whose advocacy of a tripartite soul found favor in the early Christian Church. In contrast, Aristotle's works were banned as heresy by ecclesiastical authority, only to survive and prosper in the Islamic Golden Age (775-1258 CE). Galen theorized that the circulation consisted of separate venous and arterial systems. Blood was produced in the liver and traveled centrifugally through veins. When arriving in the right ventricle, venous blood passed through tiny pores in the ventricular septum into the left ventricle, where it became aerated by air passing from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart. Following arrival at distal sites, arterial blood disappeared, being consumed by the tissues, requiring that the liver needed to continually synthesize new blood. The heart was viewed as a sucking organ, and the peripheral pulse was deemed to result from changes in arterial tone, rather than cardiac systole. Galen's framework remained undisputed and dominated medical thought for 1,300 years, but the reintroduction of Aristotelian principles from the Islamic world into Europe (through the efforts of the Toledo School of Translators) were nurtured by the academic freedom and iconoclastic environment uniquely cultivated at the University of Padua, made possible by Venetian rebellion against papal authority. At Padua, the work of Andreas Vesalius, Realdo Colombo, Hieronymus Fabricius ab Acquapendente, and William Harvey (1543-1628) methodically destroyed Galen's model, leading to the modern concept of a closed-ended circulation. Yet, due to political forces, Harvey was ridiculed, as was James Lind, who performed the first prospective controlled trial, involving citrus fruits for scurvy (1747); it took nearly 50 years for his work to be accepted. Even the work of William Withering (1785), the father of cardiovascular pharmacology, was tarnished by professional jealously and the marketing campaign of a pharmaceutical company. Today's cardiovascular investigators should understand that major advances are routinely derided by the medical establishment for political or personal reasons; and it may take decades or centuries for important work to be accepted.