tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epicardial and Pericardial Fat—Separated But Under the Same Roof—Reply
Authors: Joel T. Rämö, Patrick T. Ellinor, James P. Pirruccello
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

In Reply We appreciated the letter by Dr Iacobellis in response to our study1 that assessed the clinical significance and genetic determinants of epicardial and pericardial adiposity in UK Biobank. Dr Iacobellis raised important points that are relevant for interpreting our findings.
State COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates and Uptake Among Health Care Workers in the US
Authors: Yin Wang, Charles Stoecker, Kevin Callison, Julie H. Hernandez
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Seventeen states introduced COVID-19 vaccine mandates for health care workers (HCWs) in mid-2021. Prior research on the effect of these mandates was centered on the nursing home sector, and more evidence is needed for their effect on the entire HCW population. Objective To examine the association between state COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs and vaccine uptake in this population. Design, Setting, and Participants This repeated cross-sectional study included biweekly, individual-level data for adults aged 25 to 64 years who were working or volunteering in health care settings obtained from the Household Pulse Survey between May 26 and October 11, 2021. Analyses were conducted between November 2022 and October 2023. Exposure Announcement of a state COVID-19 vaccine mandate for HCWs. Main Outcomes and Measures An indicator for whether a sampled HCW ever received a COVID-19 vaccine and an indicator for whether an HCW completed or intended to complete the primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Event study analyses using staggered difference-in-differences methods compared vaccine uptake among HCWs in mandate and nonmandate states before and after each mandate announcement. The sample was further stratified by the availability of regular COVID-19 testing in place of a vaccination (ie, a test-out option) and by the ages of HCWs (25-49 or 50-64 years) to examine heterogeneous associations. Results The study sample included 31 142 HCWs (mean [SD] age, 45.5 [10.6] years; 72.1% female) from 45 states, 16 of which introduced COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs. Results indicated a mandate-associated 3.46–percentage point (pp) (95% CI, 0.29-6.63 pp; P = .03) increase in the proportion of HCWs ever vaccinated against COVID-19 and a 3.64-pp (95% CI, 0.72-6.57 pp; P = .02) increase in the proportion that completed or intended to complete the primary vaccination series 2 weeks after mandate announcement from baseline proportions of 87.98% and 86.12%, respectively. In the stratified analyses, positive associations were only detected in mandate states with no test-out option and among HCWs aged 25 to 49 years, which suggested vaccination increases of 3.32% to 7.09% compared with baseline proportions. Conclusions and Relevance This repeated cross-sectional study found that state COVID-19 vaccine mandates for HCWs were associated with increased vaccine uptake among HCWs, especially among younger HCWs and those in states with no test-out option. These findings suggest the potential for vaccine mandates to further promote vaccinations in an already highly vaccinated HCW population, especially when no test-out option is in place.
Insurance-Related Disparities in Withdrawal of Life Support and Mortality After Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Husain Shakil, Ahmad Essa, Armaan K. Malhotra, Rachael H. Jaffe, Christopher W. Smith, Eva Y. Yuan, Yingshi He, Jetan H. Badhiwala, François Mathieu, Michael C. Sklar, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Karim Ladha, Avery B. Nathens, Jefferson R. Wilson, Christopher D. Witiw
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Identifying disparities in health outcomes related to modifiable patient factors can improve patient care.
Assessing palliative care practices in intensive care units and interpreting them using the lens of appropriate care concepts. An umbrella review
Authors: Naveen Salins, Vijay Shree Dhyani, Mebin Mathew, Ashmitha Prasad, Arathi Prahallada Rao, Anuja Damani, Krithika Rao, Shreya Nair, Vishal Shanbhag, Shwethapriya Rao, Shivakumar Iyer, Roop Gursahani, Raj Kumar Mani, Sushma Bhatnagar, Srinagesh Simha
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2024)

Intensive care units (ICUs) have significant palliative care needs but lack a reliable care framework. This umbrella review addresses them by synthesising palliative care practices provided at end-of-life to critically ill patients and their families before, during, and after ICU admission. Seven databases were systematically searched for systematic reviews, and the umbrella review was conducted according to the guidelines laid out by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Out of 3122 initial records identified, 40 systematic reviews were included in the synthesis. Six key themes were generated that reflect the palliative and end-of-life care practices in the ICUs and their outcomes. Effective communication and accurate prognostications enabled families to make informed decisions, cope with uncertainty, ease distress, and shorten ICU stays. Inter-team discussions and agreement on a plan are essential before discussing care goals. Recording care preferences prevents unnecessary end-of-life treatments. Exceptional end-of-life care should include symptom management, family support, hydration and nutrition optimisation, avoidance of unhelpful treatments, and bereavement support. Evaluating end-of-life care quality is critical and can be accomplished by seeking family feedback or conducting a survey. This umbrella review encapsulates current palliative care practices in ICUs, influencing patient and family outcomes and providing insights into developing an appropriate care framework for critically ill patients needing end-of-life care and their families.
Deer Hunting Season and Firearm Violence in US Rural Counties
Authors: Patrick Sharkey, Juan Camilo Cristancho, Daniel Semenza
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Firearm violence is a major public health problem in the US. However, relatively little research has focused particular attention on firearm violence in rural areas, and few studies have used research designs that draw on exogenous variation in the prevalence of firearms to estimate the association between firearm presence and shootings. Objective To investigate the association between the start of deer hunting season and shootings in rural counties in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, data from all rural US counties in states with available data on the timing of deer hunting season were matched with data on shootings from the Gun Violence Archive from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2021. Exposure Shootings in the first 3 weeks of deer hunting season were compared with the week prior to the start of deer hunting season. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was daily total shootings. The association between the start of deer hunting season and shootings was estimated using Poisson regression models to analyze change within counties while controlling for relevant calendar year, month of year, and seasonal effects. Results The sample included 854 rural counties with a mean (SD) population of 16 416 (18 329) per county and 5.4 (13.3) annual shootings per 100 000 people. The county fixed-effects specification analyzing the association between deer hunting season and shootings showed that relative to the week prior to deer hunting season, the incidence rate ratio for total shootings was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.13-1.95) for the first week of deer hunting season and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.02-1.94) for the second week of deer hunting season. Estimates remained consistent when excluding hunting accidents and were most pronounced in states with more hunting licenses per capita. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of the association between the start of deer hunting season and firearm violence, results showed that the start of deer hunting season was associated with a substantial increase in shootings. The findings highlight the role of firearm prevalence in gun violence and suggest the need for focused policies designed to reduce firearm violence in areas with substantial hunting activity during the first weeks of deer hunting season.
Vaccine Mandates for Health Care Workers—An Effective Policy Tool for Past and Future Pandemics
Authors: John B. Lynch
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

2][3][4][5] Given the effectiveness of these tools, the reasonable next question is how to maximize their use to protect the greatest number of people from harm, especially those at greater risk for infection and disease progression.7][8] This fact was of increasing concern as novel variants began to appear in the first half of 2021-first Alpha and Gamma followed by the Delta wave during the summer and fall of 2021.The Delta wave was associated with a dramatic increase in infection and hospitalization rates, disproportionally affecting unvaccinated individuals 9,10 and peaking nationally in September 2021. 11 a result, policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels began to develop interventions, including vaccine mandates, for various sectors, including state workers, police officers, firefighters, Open Access.
Chelation Therapy Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Gregory Curfman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Baricitinib Withdrawal and Retreatment in Patients With Severe Alopecia Areata
Authors: Brett King, Justin Ko, Ohsang Kwon, Sergio Vañó-Galván, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Yves Dutronc, Guanglei Yu, Chunyuan Liu, Najwa Somani, Susan Ball, Natasha A. Mesinkovska
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Baricitinib has demonstrated efficacy for treating severe alopecia areata in adults. There is currently limited information about the need for continuous therapy after achieving scalp hair regrowth.
Hyperalgesia in Patients With a History of Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Martin Trøstheim, Marie Eikemo
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Short-term and long-term opioid treatment have been associated with increased pain sensitivity (ie, opioid-induced hyperalgesia). Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) mainly involves maintenance with methadone and buprenorphine, and observations of heightened cold pain sensitivity among patients are often considered evidence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
Authors: Katherine M. Keyes, Noah T. Kreski, Megan E. Patrick
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Depressive symptoms have increased among US adolescents since 2010. It remains unclear as to what extent this increase will persist into young adulthood, potentially turning the youth mental health crisis into a young adult mental health crisis. Objective To test the association between birth cohort and adolescent depressive symptoms at ages 18, 19 to 20, and 21 to 22 years and changes in these symptoms by cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This panel cohort study analyzed data from the Monitoring the Future longitudinal survey from 1990 to 2019, including birth cohorts from 1972 to 2001. Survey respondents were recruited from US high schools in 12th grade and were approximately aged 18 years (at baseline) through age 21 to 22 years (during mail and web follow-up). Data analysis was conducted from April to October 2023. Exposure Depressive symptoms score (&amp;amp;gt;12 vs ≤12, with &amp;amp;gt;12 representing top-decile scores) on a scale examining affective items (eg, “Life often seems meaningless”). Main Outcomes and Measures High (vs lower) depressive symptoms at ages 19 to 20 years and 21 to 22 years. Results The 36 552 respondents included 18 597 females (50.5%), and most reported having a parent who graduated from college (44.8%). Among females, 19.1% (95% CI, 16.7%-21.4%) of the most recent birth cohort (born: 1997-2001) had high depressive symptoms at age 18 years, higher than any previous birth cohort. While prevalence declined by age 21 to 22 years, it remained higher than previous cohorts at that age. Among males, 13.4% (95% CI, 11.2%-15.6%) of the most recent birth cohort had high depressive symptoms at age 18 years, and prevalence increased through young adulthood. Males with high baseline depressive symptoms had 10.24 (95% CI, 7.01-14.97) times the odds of symptoms at age 19 to 20 years and 6.20 (95% CI, 3.93-9.78) times the odds of symptoms at age 21 to 22 years. Females with high baseline depressive symptoms had 9.16 (95% CI, 6.57-12.76) times the odds of symptoms at age 19 to 20 years and 7.28 (95% CI, 4.92-10.78) times the odds of symptoms at age 21 to 22 years. The magnitude of the associations did not vary over time. Population attributable fractions indicated that the total proportion of young adult symptoms associated with depressive symptoms at age 18 years among females has increased; in the most recent birth cohort, 55.25% (95% CI, 38.11%-65.13%) of depressive symptoms at age 21 to 22 years were associated with symptoms at age 18 years. Conclusions and Relevance This panel cohort study found that increases in depressive symptoms in adolescence persisted into young adulthood, suggesting the need for primary prevention and mental health resources during the adolescent years.
Health Outcome Changes in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes After a State-Level Insulin Copayment Cap
Authors: Theodoros V. Giannouchos, Benjamin Ukert, Thomas Buchmueller
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Many insulin users ration doses due to high out-of-pocket costs. Starting January 2020 with Colorado, 25 states and the District of Columbia enacted laws that cap insulin copayments. Objective To estimate the association of Colorado’s $100 copayment cap with out-of-pocket spending, medication adherence, and health care services utilization for diabetes-related complications. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study using Colorado’s All-Payer Claims Database, nonelderly insulin users with type 1 diabetes were analyzed from January 2019 to December 2020. Outcome changes were compared in the prepolicy and postpolicy period among individuals continuously enrolled in state-regulated and non–state-regulated plans using difference-in-differences regressions. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on individuals’ prepolicy spending (low: never ≥$100 out-of-pocket vs high: ≥$100 out-of-pocket cost at least once). Data were analyzed from June 2023 to May 2024. Exposure Enrollment in state-regulated health insurance plans subject to the copayment cap legislation. Main Outcomes and Measures Adherence to basal and bolus insulin treatment was evaluated using the proportion of days covered measure, out-of-pocket spending reflected prescription cost for a 30-day supply, and health care utilization for diabetes-related complications was identified using primary diagnosis codes from medical claims data. Results The panel included 1629 individuals with type 1 diabetes (39 096 person-months), of which 924 were male (56.7%), 540 (33.1%) had 1 or more comorbidities, and the mean (SD) age was 40.6 (15.9) years. Overall, the copayment cap was associated with out-of-pocket spending declines of $17.3 (95% CI, −$27.3 to −$7.3) for basal and $11.5 (95% CI, −$24.7 to $1.7) for bolus insulins and increases in adherence of 3.2 (95% CI, 0.0 to 6.5) percentage points for basal and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.3 to 6.4) percentage points for bolus insulins. Changes in adherence were associated with increases within the prepolicy high-spending group (basal, 9.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 17.4 percentage points; bolus, 13.0; 95% CI, 5.1 to 20.9 percentage points). The policy was also associated with a mean reduction of −0.09 (95% CI, −0.16 to −0.02) medical claims for diabetes-related complications per person per month among high spenders, a 30% decrease. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of Colorado’s insulin copayment cap among individuals with type 1 diabetes, the policy was associated with an overall decline in out-of-pocket spending, an increase in medication adherence, and a decline in claims for diabetes-related complications only among insulin users who spent more than $100 in the prepolicy period at least once.
Verinurad Plus Allopurinol for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dalane W. Kitzman, Adriaan A. Voors, Robert J. Mentz, Gregory D. Lewis, Shira Perl, Robin Myte, Grace Kaguthi, C. David Sjöström, Christian Källgren, Sanjiv J. Shah
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level may contribute to endothelial dysfunction; therefore, SUA is an attractive target for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, to the authors' knowledge, no prior randomized clinical trials have evaluated SUA lowering in HFpEF.
Minimally Invasive Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Can Be Done but Should It?
Authors: Chandler S. Cortina, Amanda L. Kong
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the deubiquitylating enzyme RPN11
Authors: Bing Zhou, Yunchen Luo, Hanqi Bi, Ni Zhang, Mingyue Ma, Zhixia Dong, Nana Ji, Shuo Zhang, Xiaoye Wang, Yuejun Liu, Xiaozhen Guo, Wei Wei, Cen Xie, Ling Wu, Xinjian Wan, Ming-Hua Zheng, Bing Zhao, Yao Li, Cheng Hu, Yan Lu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2024)
The VLA-4 integrin is constitutively active in circulating chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via BCR autonomous signaling: a novel anchor-independent mechanism exploiting soluble blood-borne ligands
Authors: Erika Tissino, Annalisa Gaglio, Antonella Nicolò, Federico Pozzo, Tamara Bittolo, Francesca Maria Rossi, Riccardo Bomben, Paola Nanni, Ilaria Cattarossi, Eva Zaina, Anna Maria Zimbo, Giulia Ianna, Guido Capasso, Gabriela Forestieri, Riccardo Moia, Moumita Datta, Andrea Härzschel, Jacopo Olivieri, Giovanni D’Arena, Luca Laurenti, Francesco Zaja, Annalisa Chiarenza, Giuseppe A. Palumbo, Enrica Antonia Martino, Massimo Gentile, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Giovanni Del Poeta, Roberta Laureana, Maria Ilaria Del Principe, Palash C. Maity, Hassan Jumaa, Tanja Nicole Hartmann, Antonella Zucchetto, Valter Gattei
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), survival of neoplastic cells depends on microenvironmental signals at lymphoid sites where the crosstalk between the integrin VLA-4 (CD49d/CD29), expressed in ~40% of CLL, and the B-cell receptor (BCR) occurs. Here, BCR engagement inside–out activates VLA-4, thus enhancing VLA-4-mediated adhesion of CLL cells, which in turn obtain pro-survival signals from the surrounding microenvironment. We report that the BCR is also able to effectively inside–out activate the VLA-4 integrin in circulating CD49d-expressing CLL cells through an autonomous antigen-independent BCR signaling. As a consequence, circulating CLL cells exhibiting activated VLA-4 express markers of BCR pathway activation (phospho-BTK and phospho-PLC-γ2) along with higher levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT indicating parallel activation of downstream pathways. Moreover, circulating CLL cells expressing activated VLA-4 bind soluble blood-borne VCAM-1 leading to increased VLA-4-dependent actin polymerization/re-organization and ERK phosphorylation. Finally, evidence is provided that ibrutinib treatment, by affecting autonomous BCR signaling, impairs the constitutive VLA-4 activation eventually decreasing soluble VCAM-1 binding and reducing downstream ERK phosphorylation by circulating CLL cells. This study describes a novel anchor-independent mechanism occurring in circulating CLL cells involving the BCR and the VLA-4 integrin, which help to unravel the peculiar biological and clinical features of CD49d+ CLL.
Association of Phenols, Parabens, and Their Mixture with Maternal Blood Pressure Measurements in the PROTECT Cohort
Authors: Julia R. Varshavsky, John D. Meeker, Emily Zimmerman, Megan L. Woodbury, Max T. Aung, Zaira Y. Rosario-Pabon, Amber L. Cathey, Carmen M. Vélez-Vega, José Cordero, Akram Alshawabkeh, Stephanie M. Eick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Phenols and parabens are two classes of high production volume chemicals that are used widely in consumer and personal care products and have been associated with reproductive harm and pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, studies examining their influence on maternal blood pressure and gestational hypertension are limited.
Transcription of HIV-1 at sites of intact latent provirus integration
Authors: Ana Rafaela Teixeira, Cintia Bittar, Gabriela S. Silva Santos, Thiago Y. Oliveira, Amy S. Huang, Noemi Linden, Isabella A.T.M. Ferreira, Tetyana Murdza, Frauke Muecksch, R. Brad Jones, Marina Caskey, Mila Jankovic, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

HIV-1 antiretroviral therapy is highly effective but fails to eliminate a reservoir of latent proviruses, leading to a requirement for life-long treatment. How the site of integration of authentic intact latent proviruses might impact their own or neighboring gene expression or reservoir dynamics is poorly understood. Here, we report on proviral and neighboring gene transcription at sites of intact latent HIV-1 integration in cultured T cells obtained directly from people living with HIV, as well as engineered primary T cells and cell lines. Proviral gene expression was correlated to the level of endogenous gene expression under resting but not activated conditions. Notably, latent proviral promoters were 100–10,000× less active than in productively infected cells and had little or no measurable impact on neighboring gene expression under resting or activated conditions. Thus, the site of integration has a dominant effect on the transcriptional activity of intact HIV-1 proviruses in the latent reservoir, thereby influencing cytopathic effects and proviral immune evasion.