tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon, colorectal and all cancer incidence increase in the Young due to appendix reclassification
Authors: Archie Bleyer, Lynn A G Ries, Danielle B Cameron, Sara A Mansfield, Stuart E Siegel, Ronald D Barr
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)

Abstract Introduction Increases in colon and colorectal cancer incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have been reported progressively. Most of the increase may be due to an artifact caused by reclassifying appendiceal carcinoids/neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as malignant. Methods Age-adjusted incidence and survival data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) SEER22 database. Results In AYAs during 2000-2020, appendix cancer had an average annual percent change (AAPC) in incidence increase that in males was 3.7 times greater than the next most increasing cancer (AAPC12.8,95%CI: 10.9-14.6 vs AAPC3.4 [kidney] , 95%CI : 2.7-3.5) and correspondingly in females 2.9-fold greater (AAPC14.6,95%CI : 11.9-17.3 vs AAPC4.2 [pancreas], 95%CI : 3.6-4.8). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, appendix cancer incidence increased 17-,6.5-and 2.5-fold in children 0-14, AYAs 15-39, and adults 40-49 years of age, respectively. Carcinoid/NET accounted for 95%, 90% and 80% of appendix cancer increase in the three age groups, respectively. In 3,446 AYAs diagnosed during 2010-2020 with ‘malignant’ appendix NET, the 6-year cancer specific survival was 99.4% (95%CI , 99.0%to99.6%). From 2000-2009 to 2015-2020, colon carcinoma incidence in AYAs increased 61% with the appendix included, and only 11% with the appendix excluded. Conclusions Reclassification of appendix NET/carcinoids as malignant has artifactually increased the incidence of colon, colorectum, and all cancer in children and AYAs. Appendix NET/carcinoids are rarely fatal in &amp;lt; 40 year-olds and should not be considered as cancer and included in colorectal cancer analyses. To the extent that the appendix artifact occurs in 40-49 year-olds, recommendations for starting colorectal cancer screening earlier may be affected.\
Mucosal washes are useful for sampling intestinal mucus-associated microbiota despite low biomass
Authors: Jennifer N. Martinez-Medina, Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi, Catharina Kramer, Jörn F Ziegler, Victoria McParland, Paul W. Mönch, Britta Siegmund, Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz, Marcus Fulde, Sofia K. Forslund-Startceva
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Understanding the dynamic relationship between mucus-associated microbiota and host health is critical. However, studies predominantly using stool samples may not accurately represent these bacterial communities. Here, we investigated the mucus-associated microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of mice and the terminal ileum of humans using different sample types: mucosal washes, brushes, scrapings, and intestinal contents in mice and biopsies, brushes and mucosal washes in humans. We used DNA quantification and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to evaluate the comparability of the information yielded from the different sample types under a controlled benchmark. In mice, mucosal washes and brushes had comparative bacterial DNA and host DNA contamination than scraping samples. Similarly, in humans, washes outperformed biopsies in bacterial DNA content. Read counts and microbiota alpha diversity remained remarkably similar in mice and between brushes and washes in humans. The composition of the microbiota varied based on the subsegment and sample type in mice and sample type in humans. We conclude that washes and brushes reduce host contamination without inducing substantial compositional bias when sampling mucosal microbiota. Our findings suggest that mucosal washes and brushes are a viable alternative to biopsies in humans and scrapings in mice, thereby improving the transferability of results across hosts. Our study highlights the importance of focusing on mucus-associated microbiota to better capture host–microbiome interactions at their closer interface.
Low blood pressure and the effect of empagliflozin in acute heart failure: An <scp>EMPULSE</scp> analysis
Authors: João Pedro Ferreira, Francisco Vasques‐Nóvoa, Christiane E. Angermann, Jan Biegus, Sean P. Collins, Mikhail Kosiborod, Michael E. Nassif, Mitchell A. Psotka, Jasper Tromp, Robert J. Mentz, Piotr Ponikowski, John R. Teerlink, Adriaan A. Voors
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2025)
Malnutrition and outcomes in patients with tricuspid regurgitation undergoing transcatheter tricuspid valve repair
Authors: Matteo Pagnesi, Marianna Adamo, Lukas Stolz, Edoardo Pancaldi, Karl‐Patrik Kresoja, Jennifer von Stein, Vera Fortmeier, Benedikt Koell, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Mohammad Kassar, Bjoern Goebel, Paolo Denti, Paul Achouh, Tienush Rassaf, Manuel Barreiro‐Perez, Peter Boekstegers, Andreas Rück, Monika Zdanyte, Flavien Vincent, Philipp Schlegel, Ralph‐Stephan von Bardeleben, Mirjam G. Wild, Christian Besler, Stephanie Brunner, Stefan Toggweiler, Julia Grapsa, Tiffany Patterson, Holger Thiele, Tobias Kister, Giuseppe Tarantini, Giulia Masiero, Marco De Carlo, Alessandro Sticchi, Mathias H. Konstandin, Eric Van Belle, Tobias Geisler, Rodrigo Estévez‐Loureiro, Peter Luedike, Nicole Karam, Francesco Maisano, Philipp Lauten, Fabien Praz, Mirjam Kessler, Daniel Kalbacher, Volker Rudolph, Christos Iliadis, Philipp Lurz, Jörg Hausleiter, Marco Metra
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2025)
Selpercatinib in <i>RET</i> Fusion–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: Final Safety and Efficacy, Including Overall Survival, From the LIBRETTO-001 Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Oliver Gautschi, Keunchil Park, Benjamin J. Solomon, Pascale Tomasini, Herbert H. Loong, Filippo De Braud, Koichi Goto, Patrick Peterson, Scott Barker, Katherine Liming, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Bente Frimodt-Moller, Alexander Drilon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

LIBRETTO-001 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03157128 ) is a registrational phase I/II, single-arm, open-label trial of selpercatinib in RET-dependent cancers. With 19 months of additional follow-up, we report the final efficacy and safety results of selpercatinib in patients with RET fusion–positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy (N = 247) or were treatment-naïve (N = 69). The objective response rate (ORR) was 62% for pretreated patients and 83% for treatment-naïve patients. Duration of response (DoR) was 31.6 months for pretreated and 20.3 months for treatment-naïve patients (median follow-up approximately 38 months). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 26.2 months for pretreated and 22.0 months for treatment-naïve patients (median follow-up approximately 40 months). Median overall survival was 47.6 months in pretreated patients and was not reached in the treatment-naïve group (median follow-up approximately 43 months). At the 3-year landmark estimate, 57% of pretreated and 66% of treatment-naïve patients were alive. Among 26 patients with measurable CNS metastases at baseline, the CNS-ORR was 85% with a CNS-DoR of 9.4 months and CNS-PFS of 11.0 months. The safety profile of selpercatinib was consistent with previous reports. With substantial additional follow-up, selpercatinib continued to show durable responses and intracranial activity, with a manageable safety profile in patients with RET fusion–positive NSCLC.
A systematic review of consumers’ and healthcare professionals’ trust in digital healthcare
Authors: Soraia de Camargo Catapan, Hannah Sazon, Sophie Zheng, Victor Gallegos-Rejas, Roshni Mendis, Pedro H. R. Santiago, Jaimon T. Kelly
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Despite the well-documented importance of trust in digital healthcare, its domains are not well-understood, preventing theoretically robust instruments for standardised measurements. We identified instruments measuring trust in digital healthcare, explored definitions, associated factors, and outcomes. We systematically reviewed the literature using tailored searches and 49 studies measuring trust in digital healthcare from either consumers', healthcare professionals', or both perspectives were included. Trust in digital healthcare is complex and, from a consumers' perspective, can influence digital healthcare use, adoption, acceptance, and usefulness. Consumers' trust can be affected by the degree of human interaction in automated interventions, perceived risks, privacy concerns, data accuracy, digital literacy, quality of the digital healthcare intervention, satisfaction, education, and income. Healthcare professionals' trust is enhanced by education and observing good digital health performance. While studies can benefit from rigorous trust measurements, future efforts should address the need for a theoretical framework for trust in digital healthcare.
Development of Imaging Endpoints for Clinical Trials in AL and ATTR Amyloidosis
Authors: Sharmila Dorbala, Rosalyn Adigun, Kevin M Alexander, Michela Brambatti, Sarah A M Cuddy, Angela Dispenzieri, Preston Dunnmon, Michele Emdin, Omar F Abou Ezzeddine, Rodney H Falk, Mariana Fontana, Justin L Grodin, Spencer Guthrie, Michael Jerosch-Herold, A Alex Hofling, Kristen Hsu, Grace Lin, Ahmad Masri, Mathew S Maurer, Clemens Mittmann, Krishna Prasad, Cristina C Quarta, Jean-Michel Race, Joseph G Rajendran, Frederick L Ruberg, Vandana Sachdev, Vaishali Sanchorawala, James Signorovitch, Christophe Sirac, Prem Soman, Jens Sorensen, Brett W Sperry, Andrew W Stephens, Norman L Stockbridge, John Vest, Jonathan S Wall, Ashutosh Wechalekar, Cynthia Welsh, Isabelle Lousada
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2025)

Light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis are rare protein misfolding disorders characterized by amyloid deposition in organs, varied clinical manifestations, and poor outcomes. Amyloid fibrils trigger various signaling pathways that initiate cellular, metabolic, structural, and functional changes in the heart and other organs. Imaging modalities have advanced to enable detection of amyloid deposits in involved organs and to assess organ dysfunction, disease stage, prognosis, and treatment response. The Amyloidosis Forum hosted a hybrid meeting to focus on the use of imaging endpoints in clinical trials for systemic immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis. Stakeholders from academia and industry, together with representatives from multiple regulatory agencies reviewed the use of imaging biomarkers with a focus on cardiac amyloidosis, described applications and limitations of imaging in clinical trials, and discussed qualification of imaging as a surrogate clinical outcome. Survey results provided important patient perspectives. This review summarizes the proceedings of the Amyloidosis Forum.
Corrigendum to “Size-specific clonidine-loaded liposomes: Advancing melanoma microenvironment suppression with safety and precision” [Journal of Controlled Release, Volume 379, 10 March 2025, Pages 120–134]
Authors: Nianzhou Yu, Yantao Xu, Qi Sun, Yi Ge, Yeye Guo, Maike Chen, Han Shan, Mingde Zheng, Zeyu Chen, Shuang Zhao, Xiang Chen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Gut-derived macrophages link intestinal damage to brain injury after cardiac arrest through TREM1 signaling
Authors: Yuan Chang, Jiancong Chen, Yuqin Peng, Kunxue Zhang, Yuzhen Zhang, Xiaolin Zhao, Di Wang, Lei Li, Juan Zhu, Kewei Liu, Zhentong Li, Suyue Pan, Kaibin Huang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2025)
Cervical cerclage versus cervical pessary with or without vaginal progesterone for preterm birth prevention in twin pregnancies and a short cervix: A two-by-two factorial randomised clinical trial
Authors: Yen T. N. He, Ha N. H. Pham, Tri C. Nguyen, Trung Q. Bui, Nhu T. Vuong, Diem T. N. Nguyen, Thanh V. Le, Wentao Li, Cam H. Le, Tuong M. Ho, Ben W. Mol, Vinh Q. Dang, Lan N. Vuong
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2025)

Background Pregnant women with twins and a short cervical length (CL) are at greater risk of preterm birth (PTB). The comparative efficacy of cervical cerclage and cervical pessary with or without additional progesterone to prevent PTB is unknown. We aimed to assess, in women with twin pregnancies and a short CL, the effectiveness of cerclage versus pessary and the additional treatment with 400 mg vaginal progesterone versus no progesterone in preventing PTB. Methods and findings This multicenter, two-by-two factorial randomised trial was conducted in 2 hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Asymptomatic women with twin pregnancies and a CL ≤28 mm at 16 to 22 gestational weeks were recruited. Between March 2019 and July 2023, we randomised 219 participants (64.4% of the planned sample size) to cerclage plus progesterone ( n = 55), Arabin pessary plus progesterone ( n = 56), cerclage alone ( n = 54) or Arabin pessary alone ( n = 54). Primary outcome was any PTB &lt;34 weeks. Following the second interim analysis, the study was terminated due to significantly lower rates of perinatal deaths and deliveries &lt;28 weeks in the cerclage group. The primary outcome occurred in 20 (19.8%) participants receiving cerclage versus 20 (19%) participants receiving pessary (relative risk [RR] 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 1.8). Delivery &lt;28 weeks occurred in 1% versus 8.6% (RR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.52) and perinatal death occurred in 1% versus 5.8% (RR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.62) in the cerclage group and the pessary group, respectively. However, PTB &lt;24 weeks, &lt;32 weeks, and other neonatal outcomes were not significantly different between the 2 groups. For maternal side effects, vaginal discharge was significantly less frequent in the cerclage group. In participants allocated to progesterone, PTB &lt;34 weeks occurred in 19 (18.4%) versus 21 (20.4%) participants who did not have progesterone (RR 0.90; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.6). Conclusions In this prematurely halted study on pregnant women with twins and a CL ≤28 mm, cerclage and cervical pessary were comparably effective on PTB &lt;34 weeks prevention. However, compared to pessary, cerclage was associated with significantly lower rates of PTB &lt;28 weeks and perinatal mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03863613 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03863613 )
The urgency of centering safety-net organizations in AI governance
Authors: Paige Nong, Eric Maurer, Roli Dwivedi
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Although robust AI governance requires the engagement of diverse stakeholders across the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem, the US safety net has largely been excluded from this kind of collaboration. Without a reorientation of the AI governance agenda, marginalized patients will disproportionately bear the risks of AI in the US healthcare system. To prevent this replication of digital inequity and an organizational digital divide, we suggest specific next steps for diverse stakeholders to progress toward more equitable policy and practice.
Radio-Guided Monitoring of Systemic Leakage With 99mTc-MAA Uptake in a Patient With Melanoma During Isolated Limb Perfusion
Authors: Mohammad Hadi Samadi, Ehsan Hasanzadeh Hadad, Susan Khezri, Ramin Sadeghi, Atena Aghaee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present a case of a 65-year-old woman with a history of melanoma of the left foot who underwent tumor resection with inguinal lymph nodes dissection and received external beam radiation therapy. After some time, she developed nodular lesions in the same region that were confirmed to be due to involvement of the dermis. She was selected as a candidate for isolated limb perfusion procedure. The isolated limb perfusion was performed with the aid of radioguided monitoring of systemic leakage by injecting 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin, and whole-body acquisition was also performed, which confirmed compartmental localization of the tracer. Our case is the first one in which 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin injection has been used.
Identification of Oncogenic Alterations in 124 Cases of Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: BEND7::ALK, DLG5::RET, and CCDC30::ROS1 Fusions Induce MAPK Pathway Activation
Authors: Yixuan Liu, Longnv Bao, Guangqi Li, Weimao Kong, Xueqing Li, Jingnan Wang, Xingzhu Pan, Zhen Zhang, Jigang Wang
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2025)
Indexing GFR Using Extracellular Volume versus Body Surface Area in a Population with Type 1 Diabetes and DKD
Authors: Vikas S. Sridhar, Luxcia Kugathasan, Leif Erik Lovblom, Ni Huajing, Sebastien O. Lanctot, David M. Maahs, Petter Bjornstad, M. Luiza Caramori, Sylvia E. Rosas, Peter Rossing, Katherine R. Tuttle, Rodica Pop-Busui, Sarit Polsky, Amy B. Karger, Chunyi Wu, Andrzej T. Galecki, Bruce A. Perkins, Michael Mauer, Alessandro Doria, David Z.I. Cherney
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)

Sridhar, Vikas S.; Kugathasan, Luxcia; Lovblom, Leif Erik; Huajing, Ni; Lanctot, Sebastien O.; Maahs, David M.; Bjornstad, Petter; Caramori, M. Luiza; Rosas, Sylvia E.; Rossing, Peter; Tuttle, Katherine R.; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Polsky, Sarit; Karger, Amy B.; Wu, Chunyi; Galecki, Andrzej T.; Perkins, Bruce A.; Mauer, Michael; Doria, Alessandro; Cherney, David Z.I. Author Information
Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Exposure Response Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Block Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sara Kerstine Kaya Nielsen, Anne Christine Stuart, Christensen Winding, Mette Øllgaard, Kate Wolitzky-Taylor, Sarah I.F. Daniel, Signe Vangkilde, Nicole Rosenberg, Ida Hageman, Martin B. Jørgensen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2025)

Introduction: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may be as effective for treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) as the gold standard treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Exposure Response Prevention (ERP), but ACT has never been directly compared to CBT/ERP in a randomized control trial. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of group-based ACT and CBT/ERP in two outpatient mental health service clinics for adults with OCD. Methods: A total of 176 patients with OCD participated in a single-blinded, non-inferiority, block randomized controlled trial. Patients were assigned to either the ACT (n = 101) or CBT/ERP (n = 75) groups for 14 weekly sessions. The primary outcome was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score at post-treatment and at the 6-months follow-up with pre-specified non-inferiority criteria. Quality of life, measured using the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI), was the secondary outcome. Results: Linear mixed models showed that Y-BOCS scores in the ACT group were non-inferior to those in the CBT/ERP group both post-treatment and at 6, and 12-months of follow-up. QOLI scores also showed no significant differences in ACT compared to CBT/ERP across the three measurement points. Conclusions: This randomized controlled trial demonstrated that group-delivered ACT is non-inferior to CBT/ERP in reducing OCD symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with OCD in outpatient mental health services. These findings suggest that ACT may serve as a viable alternative to CBT/ERP in adults with OCD in outpatient mental health settings, although further replication is necessary.
Corrigendum to “Transforming ESCMID in a time of climate change: a call for sustainable conferencing” [Clin Microbiol Infect 30 (2024) 1347-1350]
Authors: Teun Bousema, Suzanne A V van Asten, Jordache Ramjith, Michael E J Buhl, Bieke Tack, Kate E Whitfield, Alexander W Friedrich, Anu Kantele
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Prevalence, Trajectory, and Factors Associated With Patient-Reported Nonmotor Outcomes After Stroke
Authors: Hatice Ozkan, Gareth Ambler, Taniya Esmail, Gargi Banerjee, Robert J. Simister, David J. Werring
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

The evidence on nonmotor outcomes after acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is limited and domain-specific. The prevalence, natural history, and factors associated with nonmotor outcomes across multiple domains are unclear. To synthesize the published data and to identify the prevalence, natural history, and factors associated with multidomain nonmotor outcome burden in patients with stroke. A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases between January 1999 to June 2023 was supplemented by search of bibliographies of the key articles. The analysis included prospective cohort studies that reported nonmotor outcomes across 10 domains: anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, social participation, pain, bladder dysfunction, bowel dysfunction (constipation and fecal incontinence), and sexual dysfunction assessed by patient-reported scales. Two reviewers independently assessed studies, extracting baseline data, nonmotor prevalence, and follow-up information. Pooled prevalence of nonmotor outcomes was estimated using random-effects models. Meta-regression models were used to analyze natural history and factors associated with nonmotor outcomes. Subgroup analysis was used to assess prevalence by symptom description within each nonmotor domain. Publication bias and study quality were assessed using funnel plots and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A total of 279 prospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria (117 440 participants with stroke; median [IQR] age, 65 [59-70] years; 209 of 279 studies with more male than female participants) with a nonmotor outcome follow-up period ranging from 30 days to 10 years after stroke. The most prevalent adverse nonmotor outcomes by pooled prevalence were sleep disturbance (59.9%; 95% CI, 53.9%-63.9%), sexual dysfunction (59.8%; 95% CI, 50.0%-69.5%), constipation (58.2%; 95% CI, 53.9%-62.6%), reduced social participation (56.5%; 95% CI, 52.1%-60.8%), bladder dysfunction (45.9%; 95% CI, 38.0%-53.8%), and fatigue (45.2%; 95% CI, 40.7%-49.5%). Meta-regression analysis showed no significant improvement over time for most nonmotor outcomes, except pain (coefficient = -11.0%; P = .05) and sexual dysfunction (coefficient = -24.1%; P < .001). The heterogeneity ranged between 52% and 98% across all studies. The common factors associated with adverse nonmotor outcomes were female sex, studies with mixed stroke cohort (ischemic stroke or ICH), and older age. Patient-reported nonmotor outcomes were common after stroke. Sexual dysfunction, sleep disturbance, constipation, reduced social participation, bladder dysfunction, and fatigue were most prevalent. These adverse outcomes often persisted over time, especially in women, older adults, and those in studies with mixed stroke cohorts.