AB1415 GUSELKUMAB INDUCTION RESTORES INTESTINAL IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS AND PROMOTES EPITHELIAL REPAIR IN MODERATELY TO SEVERELY ACTIVE ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: S. Sridhar, A. Hart, S. Venkat, D. Ruane, D. Horowitz, T. Lee, D. Waterworth, K. H. G. Huang, M. Germinaro, M. Vetter, D. Cua, T. C. Freeman, C. Sisk, B. Mcrae, B. Verstockt, D. T. Rubin, B. E. Sands, P. Branigan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)

<h3>Background:</h3> Selective inhibition of interleukin-23 (IL-23) through antagonism of the IL-23p19 subunit has demonstrated clinical efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease, but the mechanism of action (MoA) has not been fully defined. <h3>Objectives:</h3> To provide a detailed evaluation of the cellular and molecular MoA of guselkumab (GUS), an IL-23p19 subunit antagonist, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) from the QUASAR Phase 2b induction study (NCT04033445). <h3>Methods:</h3> Serum proteins were evaluated from 302 patients treated with intravenous GUS induction therapy or placebo (PBO) who had at least one paired sample at Weeks (WK) 0 and 4 or WK12. Matched colonic biopsies at WK0 and 12 were available for 255 patients. Transcriptional profiling was performed with bulk RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Transcriptional modules derived from public UC single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) were evaluated with differential expression in the bulk RNAseq dataset. Flow cytometry and scRNAseq were performed on a subset of matched WK0 and WK12 cryopreserved biopsies from 60 patients. <h3>Results:</h3> Both GUS induction doses were effective vs PBO in achieving key endpoints including clinical remission, endoscopic and histologic outcomes. GUS reduced serum IL-22, IFNγ and IL-17A (P&lt;1e-05) as early as WK4, which further declined through WK12. Unsupervised analysis of tissue transcriptomic modules (n=69) revealed 57 that were significantly changed with GUS at WK12. The top 6 downregulated modules represented Th17 cell (IL-23 pathway), neutrophil, IFNγ signaling, plasma cell and inflammatory epithelial and fibroblast cell states, while modules associated with epithelial cell populations and metabolism were upregulated (all false discovery rate [FDR]&lt;0.05). Fc-γ receptor (CD64) expression was increased at baseline in all patients and reduced at WK12. Flow cytometry demonstrated reductions of CD45+ lymphocyte and CD66+ granulocyte populations (P&lt;0.01). Parallel scRNAseq showed a reduction of inflammatory monocytes and fibroblasts in GUS responders at WK12 while pro-healing indicators were observed at WK12 including an increase in EpCam+ cells, BEST4+ enterocytes, and ADAMDEC1+ fibroblasts (P&lt;0.01). Module analysis indicated an increase in goblet cells (FDR&lt;0.05) which play a role in barrier integrity. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> GUS induction restored intestinal immune homeostasis in patients with UC who achieved key endpoints at WK12, demonstrated by resolution of inflammation associated with the IL-23 pathway and inflammatory myeloid, epithelial and fibroblast transcriptional states. GUS also promoted epithelial repair as evidenced by increases in epithelial cell population, consistent with endoscopic and histologic outcomes at WK12. <h3>REFERENCES:</h3> <b>NIL.</b> <h3>Acknowledgements:</h3> <b>NIL.</b> <h3>Disclosure of Interests:</h3> Sunandini Sridhar Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Amy Hart Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Swati Venkat Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Darren Ruane Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Dan Horowitz Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Tae Lee Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Dawn Waterworth Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Kuan-Hsiang G. Huang Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Matthew Germinaro Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Marion Vetter Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Daniel Cua Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Tom C. Freeman Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Christopher Sisk Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Bradford McRae Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen, Bram Verstockt Abbvie, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Chiesi, Falk, Ferring, Galapagos, Janssen, Lily, MSD, Pfizer, R-Biopharm, Sandoz, Takeda, Tillots Pharma, Truvion, and Viatris, Abbvie, Alimentiv, Applied Strategic, Atheneum, BenevolentAI, Biora Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb, Galapagos, Guidepont, Landos, Lily, Mylan, Inotrem, Ipsos, Janssen, Pfizer, Progenity, Sandoz, Santa Ana Bio, Sosei Heptares, Takeda, Tillots Pharma, and Viatris, AbbVie, Biora Therapeutics, Landos, Pfizer, Sossei Heptares and Takeda, David T. Rubin AbbVie, Altrubio, Allergan, Arena, Aslan, Athos, Bellatrix, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene Corp/Syneos, Connect, GalenPharma/Atlantica, Genentech/Roche, InDex, Ironwood, Iterative Scopes, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Prometheus, Reistone, Takeda, and Techlab; co-founder of Cornerstones Health, Takeda, Bruce E. Sands AbbVie, Abivax, Adiso Therapeutics, AgomAb, Alimentiv, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Artizan Biosciences, Artugen Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bacainn Therapeutics, Biora Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calibr, Celltrion, ClostraBio, Connect Biopharm, Cytoki Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Enthera, Evommune, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Genentech, Glaxo SmithKline, Gossamer Bio, HMP Acquisition, Imhotex, Immunic, InDex Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inotrem, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Johnson &amp; Johnson, Kaleido, Kalyope, Merck, MiroBio, Morphic Therapeutic, MRM Health, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Pfizer, Progenity, Prometheus Biosciences, Prometheus Laboratories, Protagonist Therapeutics, Q32 Bio, RedHill Biopharma, Sun Pharma Global, Surrozen, Synlogic Operating Company, Takeda, Target RWE, Theravance Biopharma R&amp;D, TLL Pharmaceutical, USWM Enterprises, Ventyx Biosciences, and Viela Bio;, Ventyx Biosciences, AbbVie, Abivax, Adiso Therapeutics, AgomAb, Alimentiv, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Artizan Biosciences, Artugen Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Bacainn Therapeutics, Biora Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Boston Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calibr, Celltrion, ClostraBio, Connect Biopharm, Cytoki Pharma, Eli Lilly and Company, Enthera, Evommune, Ferring, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Genentech, Glaxo SmithKline, Gossamer Bio, HMP Acquisition, Imhotex, Immunic, InDex Pharmaceuticals, Innovation Pharmaceuticals, Inotrem, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Janssen, Johnson &amp; Johnson, Kaleido, Kalyope, Merck, MiroBio, Morphic Therapeutic, MRM Health, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Pfizer, Progenity, Prometheus Biosciences, Prometheus Laboratories, Protagonist Therapeutics, Q32 Bio, RedHill Biopharma, Sun Pharma Global, Surrozen, Synlogic Operating Company, Takeda, Target RWE, Theravance Biopharma R&amp;D, TLL Pharmaceutical, USWM Enterprises, Ventyx Biosciences, and Viela Bio;, Patrick Branigan Johnson &amp; Johnson, Janssen.