tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Phase III Trial of Ramucirumab Beyond Progression Plus Irinotecan in Patients With Ramucirumab-Refractory Advanced Gastric Cancer: RINDBeRG Trial
Authors: Daisuke Sakai, Shigenori Kadowaki, Ryohei Kawabata, Hiroki Hara, Hironaga Satake, Masazumi Takahashi, Atsushi Takeno, Hiroo Imai, Keiko Minashi, Takeshi Kawakami, Shogen Boku, Jin Matsuyama, Yasuhiro Sakamoto, Kentaro Sawada, Masato Kataoka, Hisato Kawakami, Toshio Shimokawa, Narikazu Boku, Taroh Satoh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2025)

PURPOSE Continuous use of antiangiogenic agents has demonstrated survival benefits in various cancers. This trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab plus irinotecan with irinotecan monotherapy as a third- or later-line treatment for patients with advanced or recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal cancer (AGC) that has progressed on previous ramucirumab-based chemotherapy. METHODS Patients age 20 years and older with AGC, who had experienced disease progression during ramucirumab-based chemotherapy, were randomly assigned to receive either ramucirumab plus irinotecan or irinotecan monotherapy. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) expecting a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.77 (a power of 80% and a significance level of one-sided 0.05). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), response rate, disease control rate (DCR), and safety. RESULTS Between February 2017 and August 2022, 402 patients in Japan were randomly assigned to receive ramucirumab plus irinotecan (n = 202) or irinotecan monotherapy (n = 200). The median OS was 9.4 months in the combination arm and 8.5 months in the monotherapy arm, with an adjusted HR of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.12; P = .49). PFS was improved (median, 3.8 v 2.8 months; HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89]; P = .002), while the DCR was significantly better (64.4% v 52.1%; P = .03) with the combination therapy. The adverse events of the combination therapy were manageable. CONCLUSION Adding ramucirumab to irinotecan does not provide a significant advantage in OS over irinotecan alone in patients with AGC who have progressed during ramucirumab-containing chemotherapy.
ERN ReCONNET–SLICC–SLEuro expert consensus on the therapeutic management of rare systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations
Authors: Laurent Arnaud, Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza, Cynthia Aranow, Sasha Bernatsky, Maria Dall'Era, Olufemi Adelowo, Sang-Cheol Bae, Lorenzo Beretta, Eloisa Bonfa, Ricard Cervera, François Chasset, Ann E Clarke, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Andrea Doria, Gerard Espinosa, Antonis Fanouriakis, Micaela Fredi, Mariele Gatto, Dafna D Gladman, José A Gomez-Puerta, Murat Inanç, Luís S Ines, David Isenberg, Shinji Izuka, Nikita Khmelinskii, Alexandra Legge, Carla Macieira, Odirlei Andre Monticielo, Eric F Morand, Roberto Muñoz-Louis, Ivan Padjen, Michelle Petri, Matteo Piga, Bernardo A Pons-Estel, Giuseppe A Ramirez, Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman, Christophe Richez, Savino Sciascia, Carlos Enrique Toro-Gutierrez, Ronald F Van Vollenhoven, Edward M Vital, Maria Gerosa, Zahi Touma, Marta Mosca, Chiara Tani, Cristiano Alessandri, Anca D Askanase, George Bertsias, Riccardo Bixio, Ashira D Blazer, Barbara C Böckle, Francesca Bottazzi, Hermine I Brunner, Inita Bulina, Irene E.M. Bultink, Gamal Chehab, Maria Sole Chimenti, Fabrizio Conti, Laura Damian, Jacqueline S. Dekkers, Dzifa Dey, Thomas Dörner, Alí Duarte-García, Elena Elefante, Raquel Faria, Francesca NA Faustini, Paul R. Fortin, franco Franceschini, Philipp Gauckler, Sara Guerreiro Castro, Iva Gunnarsson, Ihsane Hmamouchi, Alberta Hoi, Andreas Jönsen, Kenneth Kalunian, Sylvia Kamphuis, Anne-Sophie Korganow, S. Sam Lim, Maarten Limper, Lucia Manfredi, Susan Manzi, António Marinho, Thierry MARTIN, Sandra Meisalu, Luca Moroni, Marzena Olesinska, Giovanni Orsolini, George Omondi Oyoo, Cristina Pamfil, José M. Pego-Reigosa, Guillermo Javier Pons-Estel, Anisur Rahman, Simona Rednic, Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero, Davide Schilirò, Raphaele Seror, Elisabet Svenungsson, Farah Tamirou, Dana Tegzová, Maria G Tektonidou, Massimo Triggiani, SIMONA TRUGLIA, Michel W.P. Tsang-A-Sjoe, Manuel F. Ugarte-Gil, Carlos Vasconcelos, Evelyne Vinet, Alexandre E Voskuyl, Jakub Závada, Julija Zepa
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2025)
Avatrombopag for the treatment of children and adolescents with immune thrombocytopenia (AVA-PED-301): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study
Authors: Rachael F Grace, Göksel Leblebisatan, Yesim Aydinok, Şule Ünal, John D Grainger, Jessica Zhang, Linda Smallwood, Emily de León, Brian D Jamieson, Rachael F Grace, Göksel Leblebisatan, Yesim Aydinok, Sule Ünal, John D Grainger, Waseem Alhushki, Emma J Astwood, Philip Connor, Elena Donyush, Veronika Dudnyk, Stephanie A Fritch-Lilla, John Grainger, Amanda B Grimes, Peter Hauser, Susanne Holzhauer, Loan B Hsieh, Zeynep Karakas, Gabor Kovacs, Osman Alphan Kupesiz, Andrzej Kurylak, Pawel Laguna, Wojciech Mlynarski, Jayashree Motwani, Gabor Ottoffy, Marlene Pasquet, Olga Plaksina, Nataliia Popova, Melissa J Rose, Jessica Sandham, Corinna L Schultz, Keith Sibson, Brigitte Strahm, Selma Unal, Selin Yakarisik, Mehmet Akif Yesilipek
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2025)
The value of Cholangioscopy-guided Bite-on-Bite (-on Bite) biopsies in Indeterminate Biliary Duct Strictures
Authors: David Michaël de Jong, Pieter J.F. de Jonge, Pauline Maria Catharine Stassen, Petko Ivanov Karagyozov, Juan J Vila, Ignacio Fernandez-Urien, Martin W James, Suresh Vasan Venkatachalapathy, Kofi W Oppong, Andrea Anderloni, Alessandro Repici, Roberto Gabbiadini, Deepak Joshi, Mark Ellrichmann, Leena Kylänpää, Marianne Udd, Frans van der Heide, Pieter Hindryckx, Gareth Corbett, Kirill Basiliya, Vincenzo Cennamo, Stefano Landi, Simon Phillpotts, George Webster, Marco J. Bruno
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Background and study aims Digital single-operator cholangioscopy (d-SOC) has improved the diagnostic accuracy of indeterminate biliary duct strictures (IBDS) through targeted intra-ductal biopsy sampling. However, the optimal biopsy technique remains uncertain. Patients and methods: This international, multicenter, prospective interventional study (November 2020–August 2022) included IBDS patients undergoing d-SOC. Stricture sampling involved obtaining at least four single biopsies and at least one bite-on-bite biopsy (BBB) in all patients. Definitive diagnosis was established on pathology outcomes and one-year clinical follow-up. Primary outcome was the accuracy of both biopsy techniques. Results Eighty-nine patients were included, of which 52 had hilar and 37 distal strictures. Technical success rates for single biopsies and BBB were 82/89 (92.1%) and 78/89 (87.6%), respectively. Malignancy was confirmed in 31/82 (37.8%) and 29/78 (37.2%) cases in single biopsies and BBB, respectively. Among 76 cases in whom both techniques were successful, pathology results were discordant in three (3.9%) cases, primarily due to under staging by BBB. Among 82 patients with complete follow-up, malignancy was confirmed in 51 (62.2%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for malignancy or high-grade dysplasia were 66.0%, 100%, and 78.8% for single biopsies, and 63.8%, 100%, and 77.6% for BBB, respectively. Sensitivity and accuracy were significantly decreased after stent placement or intra-ductal tissue acquisition at a prior ERCP. The number of BBB did not impact sensitivity or accuracy. Conclusions BBB did not outperform at least four single biopsies for IBDS. Prior manipulation of IBDS, through stent placement or prior tissue acquisition, was associated with a decreased diagnostic yield.
Poor prognostic implication of CDKN2 deletion in adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL
Authors: So Yeon Park, Daehun Kwag, Jin Jung, Gi June Min, Sung-Soo Park, Silvia Park, Sung-Eun Lee, Byung-Sik Cho, Ki-Seong Eom, Yoo-Jin Kim, Hee-Je Kim, Chang-Ki Min, Seok-Goo Cho, Yonggoo Kim, Myungshin Kim, Seok Lee, Jae-Ho Yoon
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)
Conductive bioadhesive hydrogel with controlled astragaloside IV release for ferroptosis-mediated cardiac repair
Authors: Xiaopei Li, Xiao Zhang, Yuanpu Qi, Wanjun Jin, Ziang Wen, Yixin Zhao, Xiangyu Li, Xin Yao, Zihao Shen, Feng Zhang, Peng Lu, Ningping Huang, Xiaowei Wang, Yun Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Immune impacts of infant whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccination on co-administered vaccines
Authors: Gladymar Pérez Chacón, Sonia McAlister, James Totterdell, Marie J Estcourt, Julie A Marsh, Mark Jones, Kirsten P Perrett, Dianne E Campbell, Nicholas Wood, Michael Gold, Claire S Waddington, Michael O'Sullivan, Nigel Curtis, Ushma Wadia, Peter B McIntyre, Patrick G Holt, Tom Snelling, Peter C Richmond
Journal: Journal of Infection (2025)

We compared the effect of a heterologous wP/aP/aP primary series (hereafter mixed wP/aP) versus a homologous aP/aP/aP primary schedule (hereafter aP-only) on antibody responses to co-administered vaccine antigens in infants and toddlers. We randomised Australian infants in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a mixed wP/aP schedule (pentavalent diphtheria-tetanus-wP-hepatitis B-Haemophilus influenzae type b; DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine at 6 weeks old followed by hexavalent DTaP-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-HepB-Hib vaccine at 4 and 6 months old) or to aP-only priming doses of hexavalent DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib vaccine at the same ages. All infants received 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) at 6 weeks, 4 and 12 months of age and DTaP-IPV and Hib vaccine boosters at 18 months. We assessed whether the wP/aP schedule is non-inferior to the aP-only schedule for co-administered vaccine antigens (geometric mean ratio [GMR] >2/3). ACTRN12617000065392p. Between March 2018 and January 2020, 150 infants were randomised (75 per arm). Responses to all 13vPCV serotypes and Hib-PRP at 6, 7, 18, and 19 months old, as well as HBsAg at 6 and 7 months old were non-inferior (>90% probability). A mixed wP/aP schedule resulted in non-inferior IgG responses to co-administered vaccine antigens compared to the standard aP-only schedule for pertussis primary immunisation.
Drug-induced tolerant persisters in tumor: mechanism, vulnerability and perspective implication for clinical treatment
Authors: Shujie Liu, Anfeng Jiang, Faqing Tang, Minghao Duan, Bin Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Cancer remains a significant global health burden due to its high morbidity and mortality. Oncogene-targeted therapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved the 5-year survival rate in the patients with advanced or metastatic tumors compared to outcomes in the era of chemotherapy/radiation. Nevertheless, the majority of patients remain incurable. Initial therapies eliminate the bulk of tumor cells, yet residual populations termed drug-tolerant persister cells (DTPs) survive, regenerate tumor and even drive distant metastases. Notably, DTPs frequently render tumor cross-resistance, a detrimental phenomenon observed in the patients with suboptimal responses to subsequent therapies. Analogous to species evolution, DTPs emerge as adaptative products at the cellular level, instigated by integrated intracellular stress responses to therapeutic pressures. These cells exhibit profound heterogeneity and adaptability shaped by the intricate feedforward loops among tumor cells, surrounding microenvironments and host ecology, which vary across tumor types and therapeutic regimens. In this review, we revisit the concept of DTPs, with a focus on their generation process upon targeted therapy or immunotherapy. We dissect the critical phenotypes and molecule mechanisms underlying DTPs to therapy from multiple aspects, including intracellular events, intercellular crosstalk and the distant ecologic pre-metastatic niches. We further spotlight therapeutic strategies to target DTP vulnerabilities, including synthetic lethality approaches, adaptive dosing regimens informed by mathematical modeling, and immune-mediated eradication. Additionally, we highlight synergistic interventions such as lifestyle modifications (e.g., exercise, stress reduction) to suppress pro-tumorigenic inflammation. By integrating mechanistic insights with translational perspectives, this work bridges the gap between DTP biology and clinical strategies, aiming for optimal efficacy and preventing relapse.
Corrigendum to “Enhancing diabetic wound healing with a pH-responsive nanozyme hydrogel featuring multi-enzyme-like activities and oxygen self-supply” [Journal of Controlled Release, volume 365 (2024) 905–918]
Authors: Qiulan Li, Miaodan Dong, Qinqin Han, Yijing Zhang, Dezhi Yang, Daqiao Wei, Yaling Yang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of mouse intracerebral hemorrhage at single-cell resolution
Authors: Rong Xiang, Junmin Wang, Zhan Chen, Jin Tao, Qinfeng Peng, Ruoqi Ding, Tao Zhou, Zhencheng Tu, Shaoshuai Wang, Tao Yang, Jing Chen, Zihan Jia, Xueping Li, Xinru Zhang, Shuai Chen, Nannan Cheng, Mengke Zhao, Jiaxin Li, Qidi Xue, Houlian Zhang, Chao Jiang, Na Xing, Kang Ouyang, Albert Pekny, Malgorzata M Michalowska, Yolanda de Pablo, Ulrika Wilhelmsson, Nicholas Mitsios, Chuanyu Liu, Xun Xu, Xiaochong Fan, Marcela Pekna, Milos Pekny, Xuemei Chen, Longqi Liu, Jan Mulder, Mingyue Wang, Jian Wang
Journal: Neuron (2025)
CD4+ tissue-resident memory Th17 cells are a major source of IL-17A in Spondyloarthritis synovial tissue
Authors: Feng Liu, Hui Shi, Jason D Turner, Rachel Anscombe, Jiaqi Li, Takuya Sekine, Ariane Hammitzsch, Devika Agarwal, Christopher Mahony, Jiewei Chen, Ben Kendrick, Dajiang Du, Qiang Tong, Lihua Duan, Kyla Dooley, Hai Fang, Ilya Korsunsky, Roopa Madhu, Adam P Cribbs, Matthias Friedrich, Brian D Marsden, Yi-Ling Chen, Graham Ogg, Anna Adams, Warner Chen, Steven Leonardo, Fiona E McCann, Christopher D Buckley, Terence Rooney, Thomas Freeman, Holm H Uhlig, Calliope Dendrou, Adam Croft, Andrew Filer, Paul Bowness, Liye Chen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2025)

Interleukin (IL)-17A is a key driver of spondyloarthritis (SpA) joint pathology. We aimed to identify its cellular source in synovial tissue from patients with 2 forms of SpA, namely axial SpA (AxSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Synovial tissue from patients with SpA was profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq; AxSpA, n = 5; PsA, n = 6) or spatial RNA profiling (PsA, n = 4). CellPhoneDB was used to infer cell-cell communication. Tissue-resident memory Th17 (TRM17)-like cells were generated in vitro using blood memory CD4+ T cells from SpA patients. An epigenetic inhibitor library, siRNA, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) were used to identify epigenetic regulator(s) for TRM17. scRNA-seq showed that CD4+CXCR6+ TRM17 cells are the predominant spontaneous IL17A producers in SpA synovium. Cell-cell communication and single-cell spatial analysis support the interaction between TRM17 and CLEC10A+ dendritic cells, which were activated in SpA. Both sublining and lining fibroblasts in SpA synovium showed evidence of interleukin (IL)-17A activation. In vitro-generated CD4+ TRM17-like cells phenocopied joint tissue TRM17, producing IL-17A/F upon T cell-receptor (TCR) stimulation, which was further enhanced by cytokines. Perturbation of BRD1 inhibited the generation of TRM17-like cells. CD4+ TRM17 cells are the predominant source of IL-17A in SpA synovial tissue. TCR stimulation is essential for the secretion of IL-17A by CD4+TRM17-like cells. The epigenetic regulator bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1) contributes to the generation of CD4+TRM17. Depleting CD4+TRM17 cells in SpA is thus a therapeutic strategy with potential to induce long-term remission.
Indole-3-lactic acid suppresses colorectal cancer via metabolic reprogramming
Authors: Shizhen Zhou, Kai Wang, Jiandong Huang, Zhen Xu, Qinggang Yuan, Lixiang Liu, Zhifeng Wang, Ji Miao, Hao Wang, Tingting Wang, Wenxian Guan, Chao Ding
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Research indicates that abnormal gut microbiota metabolism is linked to colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, but the role of microbiota-related tryptophan metabolism disruption remains unclear. Using metagenomic sequencing and targeted Trp metabolomics, our research identified that CRC patients had abnormal indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) levels, which were related to tumor malignancy. Exogenous ILA administration suppressed CRC development in AOM/DSS induced and xenograft mice models. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that ILA inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptotic capabilities. Mechanistically, ILA appears to directly occupy the phosphorylation sites of STAT3, leading to a reduction in intracellular phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) levels and the inhibition of the HK2 pathway, thereby downregulating glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Notably, this inhibition is independent of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In conclusion, our research findings demonstrate that alterations in tryptophan metabolism among CRC patients can influence tumor progression and reveal a novel mechanism through which ILA exerts its inhibitory effects on CRC. These findings offer new insights into the role of gut microbiota in CRC and identify potential clinical therapeutic targets.
Growth Attenuation Therapy: Ongoing Ethical and Practical Challenges 20 Years Post Ashley
Authors: Stephen D. Brown, Kerri O. Kennedy, Faye F. Holder-Niles, Irina A. Anselm, Brian D. Snyder, David Fogelman, Margaret F. Kirber, Gal Kober, Ingrid Holm, Jonathan M. Marron
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2025)

Since publication of the "Ashley Case" in 2006, few rigorous clinical or research reports have elucidated the benefits, risks, outcomes, and experiences of children with severe neurodevelopmental disorders treated with Growth Attenuation Therapy (GAT). GAT remains available, however, with at least one institution publicly discussing its ongoing program. This paper describes ethics consultations provided for two separate GAT requests (hormonal treatment only) at one institution, both from parents who independently learned of the treatment elsewhere. We detail these comprehensive consultations, and subsequent multistakeholder deliberations undertaken to determine whether formal consultations should be required for similar future cases. We offer insights regarding processes for future potential candidates, including for addressing questions such as: Should all clinically similar children be offered GAT proactively or only upon parental request? What are the implications for access/equity? We call for further peer-reviewed scholarship to reanimate this historically stigmatized and understudied treatment.
Aggression changes during masculinizing and feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) – A prospective clinical study
Authors: Tine Taulbjerg Kristensen, Louise Lehmann Christensen, Ole Skov, Camilla Viola Buskbjerg Palm, Guy T’Sjoen, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Dorte Glintborg, Kirsten K. Roessler
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2025)
Topical supplementation with physiologic lipids rebalances the stratum corneum ceramide profile and strengthens skin barrier function in adults predisposed to atopic dermatitis
Authors: Paul V Andrew, Samuel F Williams, Kirsty Brown, John Chittock, Abigail Pinnock, Anna Poyner, Michael J Cork, Simon G Danby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

Abstract Background People with atopic dermatitis (AD) suffer from dry, itchy skin with reduced skin barrier function that leaves it prone to irritant and allergen penetration. Alterations in the composition and structure of the stratum corneum (SC) lipid lamellae underpin this increase in permeability. A wide range of emollients are used to ameliorate the skin of AD patients, but the majority have unclear effects on the lipid lamellae and barrier function. Objectives To compare the effects of a multivesicular emulsion containing physiologic lipids and glycerine (MVE+GL) to a commonly prescribed oil-in-water emulsion containing glycerine without physiologic lipids (OW+G). Methods A double-blind, intra-participant-controlled study was undertaken in adults with a history of eczema. Participants applied MVE+GL to one forearm and lower leg and OW+G to contralateral sites twice daily for 28 days. Skin properties were assessed before and after treatment. A detailed lipidomic profile was generated from SC samples, alongside in vivo ATR-FTIR spectroscopic analysis of its molecular composition. Results Fifty-eight people were included in the study (aged 46±21 years). At sites treated with MVE+GL skin barrier integrity improved significantly (38.02±18.64 g/m2/h TEWL20 before vs 29.79±13.47 after treatment, p=0.0002) whereas O/W+G had no effect (35.6±18.39 g/m2/h versus 37.4±16.69 g/m2/h). Concordantly skin sensitivity to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was significantly reduced by MVE+GL treatment (Post-SLS TEWL was 35.58±15.43 before treatment and 29.54±11.64 g/m2/h after treatment, p=0.0008; erythema was also reduced). Skin moisture increased more rapidly at sites treated with MVE+GL compared to OW+G, leading to a more rapid reduction in visual skin dryness. Over 1600 lipid species were detected in the SC. Ceramide species NP and AP with 18 carbon sphingoid bases, both ingredients of MVE+GL, increased significantly by 24 and 19% respectively following MVE+GL treatment. In contrast changes of 9% for NP(18) and 6% for AP(18) were non-significant at sites treated with O/W+G. Increased abundance of NP(18) species relative to NdS species were related to improvements in skin barrier integrity. Conclusions Whilst the glycerine-containing emollient reduced skin dryness, it had no impact on barrier function. In contrast, MVE+GL improved the physical integrity of the barrier and reduced the sensitivity of the skin.
Analysis of 2023 World Health Organization cancer Essential Medicines List and concordance with resource stratified guidelines
Authors: Brooke E Wilson, Kristin Wright, Manju Sengar, Richard Sullivan, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Michael B Barton, Bishal Gyawali, Elisabeth De Vries, Lorenzo Moja, C S Pramesh, Christopher M Booth
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)

Abstract Background The Essential Medicines List (EML) and Resource Stratified Guidelines (RSG) both prioritize high-value medicines. We compare the 2023 EML cancer medicines list to global cancer statistics, examine the proportion of EML therapies recommended by RSGs, and identify gaps that merit evaluation by the EML Committee. Methods We compared the 2023 EML medicines for adult cancers with cancer incidence and mortality data from GLOBOCAN2022. We cross-referenced the EML with two RSGs (National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and National Cancer Grid (NCG) of India), and evaluated preferred treatments in RSG that were not recommended by the EML. Findings The 2023 EML included 64 cancer medicines for 219 tumor-specific indications. The greatest number of medicines are listed for leukaemia (n = 37, 17%) and lymphoma (n = 33, 15%). While some common cancers (eg, hepatocellular carcinoma) have no EML listed medicines due to the low clinical benefit, we identified some cancers (eg, esophageal and gastric) with effective therapies that should be evaluated by the EML for inclusion. Cancers with no listed medicines comprise 34% of cancer deaths globally. Among EML indications with a NCCN RSG, 42% (35/84) and 73% (62/84) were recommended by the NCCN Basic and Core Guidelines, respectively. Among EML indications with a NCG RSG, 163/196 (83%) and 175/196 (89%) were recommended by the NCG Essential and Optimal guidelines, respectively. Interpretation We identified some effective medicines which should be evaluated for inclusion in the EML. Prioritisation of cancer medicines was similar between the EML and NCG India, but discordant between with NCCN RSG.