tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Aptamer Decorated Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of EpCAM‐targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid for Efficacious In Vivo Tumor Regression
Authors: Sourav Sarkar, Parikshit Moitra, Wei Duan, Santanu Bhattacharya
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) gene encodes a type-I trans-membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancerous epithelial cells and promotes tumor progression by regulating the expression of several oncogenes like c-myc and other cyclins. Because of this tumorigenic association, the EpCAM gene has been a potential target for anti-cancer therapy in recent days. Herein, it is attempted to knockout the proto-oncogenic EpCAM expression by efficiently delivering an all-in-one Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) plasmid via a lipid nanoparticle system made out of synthetic stimuli-sensitive lipids. The plasmid possesses the necessary information in the form of a guide RNA targeted to the EpCAM gene. The aptamer decorated system selectively targets EpCAM overexpressed cells and efficiently inhibits the genetic expression. It has explored the pH-responsive property of the developed lipid nanoparticles and monitored their efficacy in various cancer cell lines of different origins with elevated EpCAM levels. The phenomenon has further been validated in vivo in non-immunocompromised mouse tumor models. Overall, the newly developed aptamer decorated lipid nanoparticle system has been proven to be efficacious for the delivery of EpCAM-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid.
Post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases of COVID-19 and long COVID after infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants, Czechia, December 2021 to August 2023
Authors: Martin Šmíd, Tamara Barusová, Jiří Jarkovský, Ondřej Májek, Tomáš Pavlík, Lenka Přibylová, Josefína Weinerová, Milan Zajíček, Jan Trnka
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

BackgroundCOVID-19 remains a major infectious disease with substantial implications for individual and public health including the risk of a post-infection syndrome, long COVID. The continuous changes in dominant variants of SARS-CoV-2 necessitate a careful study of the effect of preventative strategies.AimWe aimed to estimate the effectiveness of post-vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity against severe cases requiring oxygen support caused by infections with SARS-CoV-2 variants BA1/2 and BA4/5+, and against long COVID in the infected population and their changes over time.MethodsWe used a Cox regression analysis with time-varying covariates and calendar time and logistic regression applied to national-level data from Czechia from December 2021 until August 2023.ResultsRecently boosted vaccination, post-infection and hybrid immunity provide significant protection against a severe course of COVID-19, while unboosted vaccination more than 10 months ago has a negligible protective effect. The post-vaccination immunity against the BA1/2 or BA4/5+ variants, especially based on the original vaccine types, appears to wane rapidly compared with post-infection and hybrid immunity. Once infected, however, previous immunity plays only a small protective role against long COVID.ConclusionVaccination remains an effective preventative measure against a severe course of COVID-19 but its effectiveness wanes over time thus highlighting the importance of booster doses. Once infected, vaccines may have a small protective effect against the development of long COVID.
Beta-Blocker Interruption or Continuation after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Johanne Silvain, Guillaume Cayla, Emile Ferrari, Grégoire Range, Etienne Puymirat, Nicolas Delarche, Paul Guedeney, Thomas Cuisset, Fabrice Ivanes, Thibault Lhermusier, Thibault Petroni, Gilles Lemesle, François Bresoles, Jean-Noël Labeque, Thibaut Pommier, Jean-Guillaume Dillinger, Florence Leclercq, Franck Boccara, Pascal Lim, Timothée Besseyre des Horts, Thierry Fourme, François Jourda, Alain Furber, Benoit Lattuca, Nassim Redjimi, Christophe Thuaire, Pierre Deharo, Niki Procopi, Raphaelle Dumaine, Michel Slama, Laurent Payot, Mohamad El Kasty, Karim Aacha, Abdourahmane Diallo, Eric Vicaut, Gilles Montalescot
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

The appropriate duration of treatment with beta-blocker drugs after a myocardial infarction is unknown. Data are needed on the safety and efficacy of the interruption of long-term beta-blocker treatment to reduce side effects and improve quality of life in patients with a history of uncomplicated myocardial infarction.
Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae, Mayotte, France, April to July 2024
Authors: Sara Mazzilli, Hassani Youssouf, Julie Durand, Marion Soler, Tanguy Cholin, François Herry, Louis Collet, Maxime Jean, Maxime Ransay-Colle, Thierry Benoit-Cattin, Caroline Rouard, Julie Figoni, Harold Noël, Renaud Piarroux, Annabelle Lapostolle
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

On 22 April 2024, a locally-acquired case of cholera was confirmed in Mayotte. Subsequently, local transmission resulted in eight outbreak clusters with 221 notified cases in densely populated neighbourhoods with limited or no access to drinking water. The last case was detected on 12 July. A case-area targeted intervention strategy was applied to contain the outbreak. However, improving access to drinking water and basic sanitation is crucial to prevent further exposure.
Rapid regional mobile laboratory response and genomic monkeypox virus (MPXV) surveillance in seven East African Community partner states, August 2024: preparedness activities for the ongoing outbreak
Authors: Florian Gehre, Eric Nzeyimana, Hakim Idris Lagu, Emmanuel Achol, Julien A Nguinkal, Eric Kezakarayagwa, Théogene Ihorimbere, Néhémie Nzoyikorera, Francine Kabatesi, Marie-Noelle Uwineza, Abdi Roba, Millicent Nyakio Ndia, John Ndemi Kiiru, Gwokpan Awin Nykwec, Isaac Gatkuoth Chot Moun, Mamdouh A Aguer, James A Maror, Gregory Wani Dumo, Michael Losuba, Lul Lojok Deng, Neema Omari, Grace Ochido, Aryse Martins Melo, Peter Bernard Mtesigwa Mkama, Edna Mgimba, Monica Fredrick Francis, Lawrence A Mapunda, Alex Magesa, Nyambura Moremi, Godfrey Pimundu, Tonny Muyigi, Susan Ndidde Nabadda, Emmanuel Kabalisa, Isabelle Mukagatare, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Erick Ntambwe Kamangu, Jürgen May, Muna Affara
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

The East African Community (EAC) is experiencing an unprecedented, emerging mpox outbreak since July 2024 in five of eight partner states. We highlight rapid regional response measures, initiated August 2024 coordinated by EAC: field deployment of six mobile laboratories in Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, South Sudan to high-risk areas, donation of one mobile laboratory to Democratic Republic of the Congo and genomic monkeypox virus (MPXV) surveillance support. These interventions aim to limit local mpox spread and support international containment.
Vutrisiran in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Marianna Fontana, John L Berk, Julian D Gillmore, Ronald M Witteles, Martha Grogan, Brian Drachman, Thibaud Damy, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Jorg Taubel, Scott D Solomon, Farooq H Sheikh, Nobuhiro Tahara, José González-Costello, Kenichi Tsujita, Caroline Morbach, Zoltán Pozsonyi, Mark C Petrie, Diego Delgado, Peter Van der Meer, Andrew Jabbour, Antoine Bondue, Darae Kim, Olga Azevedo, Steen Hvitfeldt Poulsen, Ali Yilmaz, Ewa A Jankowska, Vincent Algalarrondo, Andrew Slugg, Pushkal P Garg, Katherine L Boyle, Elena Yureneva, Nancy Silliman, Lilli Yang, Jihong Chen, Satish A Eraly, John Vest, Mathew S Maurer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive, fatal disease. Vutrisiran, a subcutaneously administered RNA interference therapeutic agent, inhibits the production of hepatic transthyretin.
NEJM at ESC — Vutrisiran in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Eric J. Rubin, Jane Leopold, Stephen Morrissey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Audio Interview NEJM at ESC — Vutrisiran in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy 3m 17s Download
Diagnosing probable urinary tract infections in nursing home residents without indwelling catheters: a narrative review
Authors: Carl Llor, Ana Moragas, Georg Ruppe, Jesper Lykkegaard, Malene Plejdrup Hansen, Valeria S. Antsupova, Jette Nygaard Jensen, Anna Marie Theut, Davorina Petek, Nina Sodja, Anna Kowalczyk, Lars Bjerrum, Anders Bjerrum, Ana García-Sangenís, Daniela Modena, Ramon Monfà, Rosa Morros Pedrós, Athina Chalkidou, Tina Marloth, Susanne Døssing Berntsen, Nina Camilla Døssing-Poulsen, Anders Munck, Jonas Kanstrup Olsen, Asbjørn Tang Hall, Beatriz González López-Valcárcel, Ana Squaglia, Marina Elistratova, Laura Vallejo-Torres, Marilena Anastasaki, Agapi Angelaki, Maria-Nefeli Karkana, Christos Lionis, Elena Petelos, Greta Tsoulchai, András Balint, Ria Benkő, Laura Álvarez, Sergi Briones, Marta Ricart, Maciej Godycki-Cwirko, Jozef Glasa, Helena Glasová, Lina Jaruseviciene, Ruta Radzeviciene
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)

Overdiagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is one of the most common reasons for the unnecessary use of antibiotics in nursing homes, increasing the risk of missing serious conditions. Various decision tools and algorithms aim to aid in UTI diagnosis and the initiation of antibiotic therapy for residents. However, due to the lack of a clear reference standard, these tools vary widely and can be complex, with some requiring urine testing. As part of the European-funded IMAGINE project, aimed at improving antibiotic use for UTIs in nursing home residents, we have reviewed the recommendations.
Routine Beta-Blockers in Secondary Prevention — Approaching Retirement?
Authors: Tomas Jernberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2024)

Nearly half a century ago, trials were performed that provided convincing evidence that long-term treatment with beta-blockers can improve outcomes after a myocardial infarction.1-3 These trials included a high proportion of patients with large myocardial infarctions who had a considerably worse prognosis than most patients who are seen today. These early trials were conducted before the advent of modern biomarker-based diagnosis of myocardial infarction, treatment strategies, and therapeutics. As a result, the use of beta-blockers in patients with myocardial infarction and a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction has been questioned — as evidenced by a series of studies that have . . .
Biopsy Proteome Score Performs Well as an Effect Measure in a Gluten Challenge Trial of Celiac Disease
Authors: Anette Johansen, Geir Kjetil F Sandve, Joseph R Maxwell, Glennda Smithson, Ludvig M Sollid, Jorunn Stamnaes
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2024)

Development of novel treatments for celiac disease (CeD) is dependent on precise tools to monitor changes in gluten-induced mucosal damage. Current histology measures are subjective and difficult to standardize. Biopsy proteome scoring is an objective alternative to histology which is based on robust changes in biological pathways that directly reflect gluten-induced mucosal damage. In this study we aimed to evaluate biopsy proteome scoring as an effect measure in a clinical trial setting by measuring intestinal remodeling in response to oral gluten challenge.
Heightened incidence of adverse events associated with a live attenuated varicella vaccine strain that lacks critical genetic polymorphisms in ORF62
Authors: Ye Ji Kim, Doyeop Oh, Jaehoon Kim, Jeongtae Son, Jae Yun Moon, Ye Kyung Kim, Bin Ahn, Kyu Ri Kang, Daechan Park, Hyun Mi Kang
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2024)
Use of Polygenic Risk Score for Prediction of Heart Failure in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Cheng Hwee Soh, RuiDong Xiang, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Thomas H Marwick
Journal: JACC CardioOncology (2024)

The risk for heart failure (HF) is increased among cancer survivors, but predicting individual HF risk is difficult. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for HF prediction summarize the combined effects of multiple genetic variants specific to the individual.
Validation of an acute respiratory infection phenotyping algorithm to support robust computerised medical record-based respiratory sentinel surveillance, England, 2023
Authors: William H Elson, Gavin Jamie, Rashmi Wimalaratna, Anna Forbes, Meredith Leston, Cecilia Okusi, Rachel Byford, Utkarsh Agrawal, Dan Todkill, Alex J Elliot, Conall Watson, Maria Zambon, Roger Morbey, Jamie Lopez Bernal, FD Richard Hobbs, Simon de Lusignan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

IntroductionRespiratory sentinel surveillance systems leveraging computerised medical records (CMR) use phenotyping algorithms to identify cases of interest, such as acute respiratory infection (ARI). The Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) is the English primary care-based sentinel surveillance network.AimThis study describes and validates the RSC's new ARI phenotyping algorithm.MethodsWe developed the phenotyping algorithm using a framework aligned with international interoperability standards. We validated our algorithm by comparing ARI events identified during the 2022/23 influenza season in England through use of both old and new algorithms. We compared clinical codes commonly used for recording ARI.ResultsThe new algorithm identified an additional 860,039 cases and excluded 52,258, resulting in a net increase of 807,781 cases (33.84%) of ARI compared to the old algorithm, with totals of 3,194,224 cases versus 2,386,443 cases. Of the 860,039 newly identified cases, the majority (63.7%) were due to identification of symptom codes suggestive of an ARI diagnosis not detected by the old algorithm. The 52,258 cases incorrectly identified by the old algorithm were due to inadvertent identification of chronic, recurrent, non-infectious and other non-ARI disease.ConclusionWe developed a new ARI phenotyping algorithm that more accurately identifies cases of ARI from the CMR. This will benefit public health by providing more accurate surveillance reports to public health authorities. This new algorithm can serve as a blueprint for other CMR-based surveillance systems wishing to develop similar phenotyping algorithms.
A randomized, open-label, clinical trial examined the effects of canagliflozin on albuminuria and eGFR decline using an individual pre-intervention eGFR slope
Authors: Satoshi Miyamoto, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Dick de Zeeuw, Kota Sakamoto, Michihiro Yoshida, Masao Toyoda, Daisuke Suzuki, Takashi Hatanaka, Tohru Nakamura, Shinji Kamei, Satoshi Murao, Kazuyuki Hida, Shinichiro Ando, Hiroaki Akai, Yasushi Takahashi, Munehiro Kitada, Hisashi Sugano, Tomokazu Nunoue, Akihiko Nakamura, Motofumi Sasaki, Tatsuaki Nakatou, Kei Fujimoto, Daiji Kawanami, Takashi Wada, Nobuyuki Miyatake, Hiromi Kuramoto, Kenichi Shikata
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
The Effect of Semaglutide on Mortality and COVID-19–Related Deaths
Authors: Benjamin M Scirica, A Michael Lincoff, Ildiko Lingvay, Pawel Bogdanski, Silvio Buscemi, Helen Colhoun, Anca-Elena Craciun, Marat Ezhov, Søren Hardt-Lindberg, Ole Kleist Jeppesen, Ana Laura S A Matos, Koichi Node, Francois Schiele, Hermann Toplak, André van Beek, Peter E Weeke, Stephen D Wiviott, John Deanfield, Donna Ryan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Patients with overweight and obesity are at increased risk of death from multiple causes, including cardiovascular (CV) death, with few therapies proven to reduce the risk.
Electronic nudges for sustained influenza vaccination uptake in older adults: the nationwide randomized NUDGE-FLU-2 trial
Authors: Niklas Dyrby Johansen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ankeet S. Bhatt, Daniel Modin, Safia Chatur, Brian L. Claggett, Kira Hyldekær Janstrup, Carsten Schade Larsen, Lykke Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Lars Køber, Scott D. Solomon, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, Cyril Jean-Marie Martel, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sørensen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Burst steroid therapy for acute heart failure: The <scp>CORTAHF</scp> randomized, open‐label, pilot trial
Authors: Gad Cotter, Beth A. Davison, Yonathan Freund, Adriaan A. Voors, Christopher Edwards, Maria Novosadova, Koji Takagi, Hamlet Hayrapetyan, Andranik Mshetsyan, Drambyan Mayranush, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Jozine M. ter Maaten, Jan Biegus, Piotr Ponikowski, Gerasimos Filippatos, Ovidiu Chioncel, Malha Sadoune, Matteo Pagnesi, Tabassome Simon, Marco Metra, Douglas L. Mann, Alexandre Mebazaa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2024)
Myocardial Ischemic Syndromes: A New Nomenclature to Harmonize Evolving International Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: William E. Boden, Raffaele De Caterina, Juan Carlos Kaski, Noel Bairey Merz, Colin Berry, Mario Marzilli, Carl J. Pepine, Emanuele Barbato, Giulio Stefanini, Eva Prescott, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Deepak L. Bhatt, Joseph A. Hill, Filippo Crea
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Since the 1960s, cardiologists have adopted several binary classification systems for acute myocardial infarction (MI) that facilitated improved patient management. Conversely, for chronic stable manifestations of myocardial ischemia, various classifications have emerged over time, often with conflicting terminology-eg, "stable coronary artery disease" (CAD), "stable ischemic heart disease," and "chronic coronary syndromes" (CCS). While the 2019 European guidelines introduced CCS to impart symmetry with "acute coronary syndromes" (ACS), the 2023 American guidelines endorsed the alternative term "chronic coronary disease." An unintended consequence of these competing classifications is perpetuation of the restrictive terms "coronary" and 'disease', often connoting only a singular obstructive CAD mechanism. It is now important to advance a more broadly inclusive terminology for both obstructive and non-obstructive causes of angina and myocardial ischemia that fosters conceptual clarity and unifies dyssynchronous nomenclatures across guidelines. We, therefore, propose a new binary classification of "acute myocardial ischemic syndromes" and "non-acute myocardial ischemic syndromes," which comprises both obstructive epicardial and non-obstructive pathogenetic mechanisms, including microvascular dysfunction, vasospastic disorders, and non-coronary causes. We herein retain accepted categories of ACS, ST-segment elevation MI, and non-ST-segment elevation MI, as important subsets for which revascularization is of proven clinical benefit, as well as new terms like ischemia and MI with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Overall, such a more encompassing nomenclature better aligns, unifies, and harmonizes different pathophysiologic causes of myocardial ischemia and should result in more refined diagnostic and therapeutic approaches targeted to the multiple pathobiological precipitants of angina pectoris, ischemia, and infarction.
Prehospital Pulse-Dose Glucocorticoid in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jasmine Melissa Madsen, Thomas Engstrøm, Laust Emil Roelsgaard Obling, Yan Zhou, Lars Nepper-Christensen, Rasmus Paulin Beske, Niels Grove Vejlstrup, Lia Evi Bang, Christian Hassager, Fredrik Folke, Kasper Kyhl, Lars Bredevang Andersen, Helle Collatz Christensen, Laura Rytoft, Ketina Arslani, Lene Holmvang, Frants Pedersen, Ole Ahlehoff, Reza Jabbari, Charlotte Barfod, Mikkel Hougaard, Mikko Minkkinen, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Rikke Sørensen, Jacob Thomsen Lønborg
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

In patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), acute inflammation is related to the extent of myocardial damage and may increase infarct size. Thus, administration of pulse-dose glucocorticoid in the very early phase of infarction may reduce infarct size.
Semaglutide Effects on Cardiovascular Outcomes in People With Overweight or Obesity (SELECT)
Authors: Subodh Verma, Helen M. Colhoun, Dror Dicker, G. Kees Hovingh, Steven E. Kahn, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Ildiko Lingvay, Jorge Plutzky, Søren Rasmussen, Naveen Rathor, Søren Tetens Hoff, A. Michael Lincoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Effects of Semaglutide on Heart Failure Outcomes in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the FLOW Trial
Authors: Richard E. Pratley, Katherine R. Tuttle, Peter Rossing, Søren Rasmussen, Vlado Perkovic, Olav Wendelboe Nielsen, Johannes F.E. Mann, Richard J. MacIsaac, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Zdravko Kamenov, Thomas Idorn, Marco Bo Hansen, Samy Hadjadj, George Bakris, Florian M.M. Baeres, Kenneth W. Mahaffey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for heart failure (HF) and premature death from cardiovascular (CV) causes. The FLOW (Research Study To See How Semaglutide Works Compared to Placebo in People With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease), which enrolled participants with T2D and CKD, demonstrated that semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, reduced the incidence of the primary composite outcome (persistent ≥50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate, persistent estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 mL/min/1.73 m
Cardiovascular, Kidney and Safety Outcomes with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Alone and in Combination with SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brendon L Neuen, Robert A Fletcher, Lauren Heath, Adam Perkovic, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Sunil Badve, Katherine R. Tuttle, Richard Pratley, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Vlado Perkovic, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors both improve cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in persons with type 2 diabetes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on clinical outcomes with and without SGLT2 inhibitors.
Semaglutide versus placebo in patients with heart failure and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction: a pooled analysis of the SELECT, FLOW, STEP-HFpEF, and STEP-HFpEF DM randomised trials
Authors: Mikhail N Kosiborod, John Deanfield, Richard Pratley, Barry A Borlaug, Javed Butler, Melanie J Davies, Scott S Emerson, Steven E Kahn, Dalane W Kitzman, Ildiko Lingvay, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Mark C Petrie, Jorge Plutzky, Søren Rasmussen, Cecilia Rönnbäck, Sanjiv J Shah, Subodh Verma, Peter E Weeke, A Michael Lincoff
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Inflammation in Obesity-Related HFpEF
Authors: Subodh Verma, Mark C. Petrie, Barry A. Borlaug, Javed Butler, Melanie J. Davies, Dalane W. Kitzman, Sanjiv J. Shah, Cecilia Rönnbäck, Steen Z. Abildstrøm, Karoline Liisberg, Dennis Wolf, Dirk von Lewinski, Malgorzata Lelonek, Vojtech Melenovsky, Michele Senni, Mikhail N. Kosiborod
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Inflammation is thought to be an important mechanism for the development and progression of obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In the STEP-HFpEF Program, once-weekly 2.4 mg semaglutide improved heart failure-related symptoms, physical limitations, and exercise function, reduced the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, and reduced body weight in participants with obesity-related HFpEF. However, neither the prevalence nor the clinical characteristics of patients who have various magnitudes of inflammation in the context of obesity-related HFpEF have been well described. Furthermore, whether the beneficial effects of semaglutide on the various HF efficacy endpoints in the STEP-HFpEF Program are modified by the baseline levels of inflammation has not been fully established. Finally, the relationship between weight reduction and changes in CRP across the STEP-HFpEF Program have not been fully defined.