tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Migration from Epi Info to District Health Information Software 2 for Vaccine-Preventable Disease Surveillance — World Health Organization African Region, 2019–2023
Authors: Oluwasegun Joel Adegoke, Audrey Rachlin, Angela Montesanti Porter, Reggis Katsande, Steve Kubenga,, Rebecca Potter, Ola Hodne Titlestad, Lucie Noubi Tchoupopnou Royd, Louie Rosencrans, Carl Kinkade,, Vittoria Crispino, Talya Shragai, Edem Kossi, Hong Anh Chu, Christopher S. Murrill, Eugene Lam, Charles S. Wiysonge,, Lawrence Kazembe, Lorenzo Pezzoli, Victor Alegana, Impouma Benido,
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

High-quality vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance data are critical for timely outbreak detection and response. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) African Regional Office (AFRO) began transitioning from Epi Info, a free, CDC-developed statistical software package with limited capability to integrate with other information systems, affecting reporting timeliness and data use, to District Health Information Software 2 (DHIS2). DHIS2 is a free and open-source software platform for electronic aggregate Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) and case-based surveillance reporting. A national-level reporting system, which provided countries with the option to adopt this new system, was introduced. Regionally, the Epi Info database will be replaced with a DHIS2 regional data platform. This report describes the phased implementation from 2019 to the present. Phase one (2019-2021) involved developing IDSR aggregate and case-based surveillance packages, including pilots in the countries of Mali, Rwanda, and Togo. Phase two (2022) expanded national-level implementation to 27 countries and established the WHO AFRO DHIS2 regional data platform. Phase three (from 2023 to the present) activities have been building local capacity and support for country reporting to the regional platform. By February 2024, eight of 47 AFRO countries had adopted both the aggregate IDSR and case-based surveillance packages, and two had successfully transferred VPD surveillance data to the AFRO regional platform. Challenges included limited human and financial resources, the need to establish data-sharing and governance agreements, technical support for data transfer, and building local capacity to report to the regional platform. Despite these challenges, the transition to DHIS2 will support efficient data transmission to strengthen VPD detection, response, and public health emergencies through improved system integration and interoperability.
Firearm Storage Behaviors — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Eight States, 2021–2022
Authors: Norah W. Friar, Molly Merrill-Francis, Elizabeth M. Parker, Carlos Siordia, Thomas R. Simon
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Secure firearm storage might help reduce access by children and other unauthorized users and the related risk for injury or death.Information about state-specific prevalence of firearm storage practices can be used to develop secure storage messages and programs; however, such information is often unavailable.Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, by respondent characteristics, were used to estimate prevalence of keeping firearms in or around the home and related storage practices for eight states that administered the firearm safety module in 2021 or 2022.Overall, 18.4% (California) to 50.6% (Alaska) of respondents reported that a firearm was kept in or around their home.Among those with a firearm in or around the home, 19.5% (Minnesota) to 43.8% (North Carolina) reported that a firearm was stored loaded.Across all eight states, approximately one half of those with a loaded firearm stored at least one loaded firearm unlocked.Among respondents with a child and a loaded firearm in the home, 25.2% (Ohio) to 41.4% (Alaska) reported that a loaded firearm was stored unlocked.Variability in firearm storage practices highlights the importance of local data and suggests opportunities to tailor prevention efforts to specific population groups to reduce risk for firearm handling by children without adult supervision, and other unauthorized persons.
<i>Notes from the Field:</i> Toxigenic <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans</i> in Humans and Household Pets — Utah and Colorado, 2022–2023
Authors: Amanda R. Metz, Angie White, Jared Ripplinger, Emily Spence Davizon, Meghan Barnes, Matt Bauer, Lauren Butler, Natalie S. Marzec, Shannon R. Matzinger, Valerie Bampoe, Hong Ju, Ingrid C. McCall, Marissa Fraire, Yanhui Peng, Willy Lanier
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

This report describes investigations in Utah and Colorado that found transmission of Corynebacterium ulcerans between humans and household pets occurred, although the direction of transmission could not be determined.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Rapid Linkage of a <i>Salmonella</i> Livingstone Outbreak to a Restaurant, Using Open-Ended Interviews and Patient Purchase Histories — Utah, 2023–2024
Authors: Clarissa Keisling, Jennifer Hatfield, Delaney Moore, Savannah Graves, Brooke Smith, Jenni Wagner, Ravyn Casey, Erin L. Young, Kelly Oakeson, Willy Lanier
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Department of Health and Human Services identified Salmonella Livingstone isolates from five residents living in two neighboring counties through routine enteric disease surveillance (1).Isolates were genetically similar by core-genome multilocus sequence testing (cgMLST).No related isolates from other states were reported to the National Center for Biotechnology Information, and none of the patients reported traveling outside the state during the week before illness, suggesting a local exposure.During initial, routine interviews, patients were asked about potential exposures, including restaurants, but did not report a common exposure.Health officials investigated to identify the source and prevent additional illnesses.This activity was reviewed by CDC, deemed not research,
Racial Discrimination, Neural Connectivity, and Epigenetic Aging Among Black Women
Authors: Aziz Elbasheir, Seyma Katrinli, Breanne E. Kearney, Ruth A. Lanius, Nathaniel G. Harnett, Sierra E. Carter, Timothy D. Ely, Bekh Bradley, Charles F. Gillespie, Jennifer S. Stevens, Adriana Lori, Sanne J. H. van Rooij, Abigail Powers, Tanja Jovanovic, Alicia K. Smith, Negar Fani
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Racial discrimination increases the risk of adverse brain health outcomes, potentially via neuroplastic changes in emotion processing networks. The involvement of deep brain regions (brainstem and midbrain) in these responses is unknown. Potential associations of racial discrimination with alterations in deep brain functional connectivity and accelerated epigenetic aging, a process that substantially increases vulnerability to health problems, are also unknown.
Experiences of Leaders in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in US Academic Health Centers
Authors: Caitlin J. Esparza, Mark Simon, Maya R. London, Eraka Bath, Michelle Ko
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

The murder of George Floyd in 2020 spurred an outpouring of calls for racial justice in the United States, including within academic medicine. In response, academic health centers announced new antiracism initiatives and expanded their administrative positions related to diversity, equity, and/or inclusion (DEI).
Valid Analysis of Brain-Specific Progression-Free Survival
Authors: Yuandong Yu, Fengjun Cao, Guoxing Wan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Pain in Older Veterans
Authors: Brandon C. Yarns, Nicholas J. Jackson, Alexander Alas, Rebecca J. Melrose, Mark A. Lumley, David L. Sultzer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Chronic pain is common and disabling in older adults, and psychological interventions are indicated. However, the gold standard approach, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), produces only modest benefits, and more powerful options are needed.
Association Between Cost Sharing and Naloxone Prescription Dispensing
Authors: Kao-Ping Chua, Rena M. Conti, Pooja Lagisetty, Amy S. Bohnert, Sijia He, Thuy D. Nguyen
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Increasing access to naloxone (an opioid antagonist that can reverse overdose) could slow the US opioid epidemic. Prior studies suggest cost sharing may be a barrier to dispensing of naloxone prescriptions, but these studies were limited by their cross-sectional designs and use of databases that do not capture prescriptions that are not filled (abandoned). Objective To evaluate the association between cost sharing and naloxone prescription abandonment (nondispensing of naloxone prescriptions). Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional, regression discontinuity analysis exploited the fact that deductibles typically reset at the beginning of the year in commercial and Medicare plans. The included data were derived from the 2020-2021 IQVIA Formulary Impact Analyzer (a pharmacy transactions database that represents 63% of prescriptions at US pharmacies). The analysis included claims for naloxone nasal spray among commercially insured patients and Medicare patients that occurred during the 60 days before January 1, 2021, through 59 days after January 1, 2021. Exposure Cost sharing, which is defined as the amount patients would have to pay to fill prescriptions. Main Outcomes and Measures Local linear regression models were used to assess for abrupt changes in cost sharing and the probability of prescription abandonment on January 1, 2021. To estimate the association between cost sharing and prescription abandonment, a fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis was conducted. Results These analyses included naloxone claims for 71 306 commercially insured patients and 101 706 Medicare patients (40 019 [56.1%] and 61 410 [60.4%], respectively, were female). The commercially insured patients and Medicare patients accounted for 73 311 and 106 076 naloxone claims, respectively. On January 1, 2021, the mean cost sharing per claim increased by $15.0 (95% CI, $13.8-$16.2) for commercially insured patients and increased by $12.3 (95% CI, $10.9-$13.6) for Medicare patients and the probability of abandonment increased by 4.7 (95% CI, 3.2-6.2) percentage points and 2.8 (95% CI, 1.6-4.1) percentage points, respectively. The results from the fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis suggest a decision by commercial and Medicare plans to increase naloxone cost sharing by $10 would be associated with percentage-point increases of 3.1 (95% CI, 2.2-4.1) and 2.3 (95% CI, 1.4-3.2), respectively, in the probability of abandonment. Conclusions The elimination of cost sharing might be associated with increased naloxone dispensing to commercially insured and Medicare patients.
Hand Hygiene Education Components Among First-Year Nursing Students
Authors: Jing Chen, Lin Yang, Yim-Wah Mak, Margaret O’Donoghue, Chen Shi, Hilda Tsang, Shuya Lu, Jing Zou, Jing Qin, Yao Jie Xie, Timothy Lai, Chen Li, Jiannong Cao, Didier Pittet
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Few studies have directly and objectively measured the individual and combined effects of multifaceted hand hygiene education programs. Objective To evaluate the individual and combined immediate effects of an instructional video and hand scan images on handwashing quality, decontamination, and knowledge improvement. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted in June to July 2023 among first-year nursing students at a university in Hong Kong. The study used an intention-to-treat analysis. Intervention Hand hygiene education sessions featuring an instructional video, hand scan images, or both. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the change in residue from fluorescent lotion remaining on participants’ hands after handwashing before and after the intervention. The secondary outcomes included handwashing quality and knowledge of hand hygiene. Results A total of 270 of 280 students (mean [SD] age, 19 [1] years; 182 [67.4%] female) participated in the trial (96.4% participation rate). Participants were randomized to a control group (66 participants), hand scan image group (68 participants), instructional video group (67 participants), and hand scan image with instructional video group (69 participants). All intervention groups had greater reductions in residue after the intervention compared with the control group, although none reached statistical significance (hand scan image group: 3.9 [95% CI, 2.0-5.8] percentage points; instructional video group: 4.8 [95% CI, 2.9-6.7] percentage points; hand scan image with instructional video: 3.5 [95% CI, 1.6-5.4] percentage points; control group: 3.2 [95% CI, 1.3-5.2] percentage points). The instructional video group showed a significant improvement in their handwashing performance, with a higher percentage of participants correctly performing all 7 steps compared with the control group (22.4% [95% CI, 13.1% to 31.6%] vs 1.5% [−7.9% to 10.9%]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Hand scan images revealed that wrists, fingertips, and finger webs were the most commonly ignored areas in handwashing. Conclusions and Relevance In this cluster randomized clinical trial of an education program for hand hygiene, a handwashing instructional video and hand scan images did not enhance the level of decontamination. The intervention group had improved handwashing techniques compared with the control group, a secondary outcome. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05872581
Biological sample collection to advance research and treatment: a Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research (FOSTER) and Euro Ewing Consortium (EEC) statement.
Authors: Darrell Green, Roelof van Ewijk, Elisa Tirtei, Dimosthenis Andreou, Fredrik Baecklund, Daniel Baumhoer, Stefan S. Bielack, Rajesh Botchu, Kjetil Boye, Bernadette Brennan, Michael Capra, Lucia Cottone, Uta Dirksen, Franca Fagioli, Natalia Fernandez, Adrienne M. Flanagan, Marco Gambarotti, Nathalie Gaspar, Hans Gelderblom, Craig Gerrand, Anne Gomez-Mascard, Jendrik Hardes, Stefanie Hecker-Nolting, Edita Kabickova, Leo Kager, Jukka Kanerva, Lennart A. Kester, Marieke L. Kuijjer, Valérie Laurence, Cyril Lervat, Antonin Marchais, Perrine Marec-Berard, Cristina Mendes, Johannes H.M. Merks, Benjamin Ory, Emanuela Palmerini, Pan Pantziarka, Evgenia Papakonstantinou, Sophie Piperno-Neumann, Anna Raciborska, Elizabeth A. Roundhill, Vilma Rutkauskaite, Akmal Safwat, Katia Scotlandi, Eric L. Staals, Sandra J. Strauss, Didier Surdez, Gwen M.L. Sys, Marie-Dominique Tabone, Maud Toulmonde, Claudia Valverde, Michiel A.J. van de Sande, Klaus Wörtler, Quentin Campbell-Hewson, Martin G. McCabe, Michaela Nathrath
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are bone tumors mostly diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults. Despite multimodal therapy, morbidity is high and survival rates remain low, especially in the metastatic disease setting. Trials investigating targeted therapies and immunotherapies have not been groundbreaking. Better understanding of biological subgroups, the role of the tumor immune microenvironment, factors that promote metastasis, and clinical biomarkers of prognosis and drug response are required to make progress. A prerequisite to achieve desired success is a thorough, systematic, and clinically linked biological analysis of patient samples, but disease rarity and tissue processing challenges such as logistics and infrastructure have contributed to a lack of relevant samples for clinical care and research. There is a need for a Europe-wide framework to be implemented for the adequate and minimal sampling, processing, storage, and analysis of patient samples. Two international panels of scientists, clinicians, and patient and parent advocates have formed the Fight Osteosarcoma Through European Research consortium and the Euro Ewing Consortium. The consortia shared their expertise and institutional practices to formulate new guidelines. We report new reference standards for adequate and minimally required sampling (time points, diagnostic samples, and liquid biopsy tubes), handling, and biobanking to enable advanced biological studies in bone sarcoma. We describe standards for analysis and annotation to drive collaboration and data harmonization with practical, legal, and ethical considerations. This position paper provides comprehensive guidelines that should become the new standards of care that will accelerate scientific progress, promote collaboration, and improve outcomes.
Unveiling advanced strategies for therapeutic stem cell interventions in severe burn injuries: a comprehensive review
Authors: Pratik Das, Debajyoti Pal, Sudipta Roy, Shubhamitra Chaudhuri, Shyam Sundar Kesh, Piyali Basak, Samit Kumar Nandi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

This comprehensive review explores the complex terrain of stem cell therapies as a potential therapeutic frontier in the healing of complicated burn wounds. Serious tissue damage, impaired healing processes, and possible long-term consequences make burn wounds a complex problem. An in-depth review is required since, despite medical progress, existing methods for treating severe burn wounds have significant limitations. Burn wounds are difficult to heal because they cause extensive tissue damage. The challenges of burn injury-induced tissue regeneration and functional recovery are also the subject of this review. Although there is a lot of promise in current stem cell treatments, there are also some limitations with scalability, finding the best way to transport the cells, and finding consistent results across different types of patients. To shed light on how to improve stem cell interventions to heal severe burn wounds, this review covers various stem cell applications in burn wounds and examines these obstacles. To overcome these obstacles, one solution is to enhance methods of stem cell distribution, modify therapies according to the severity of the burn, and conduct more studies on how stem cell therapy affects individual patients. Novel solutions may also be possible through the combination of cutting-edge technologies like nanotechnology and biotechnology. This review seeks to increase stem cell interventions by analyzing present challenges and suggesting strategic improvements. The goal is to provide a more effective and tailored way to repair serious burn wounds.
Lenvatinib plus drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization with/without hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma larger than 7 cm with major portal vein tumor thrombosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mingyue Cai, Licong Liang, Jian Zhang, Nianping Chen, Wensou Huang, Yongjian Guo, Xiaotao Hong, Liteng Lin, Yaohong Liu, Cao Dan, Haihui Deng, Xiaoguang Liu, Jingwen Zhou, Ye Chen, Huanwei Chen, Kangshun Zhu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high tumor burden and major portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) remains a great challenge. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib plus drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin (Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC) versus lenvatinib plus DEB-TACE (Len+DEB-TACE) for HCC &gt; 7.0 cm accompanied with major PVTT. Materials and methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated consecutive patients with HCC (&gt; 7.0 cm) and major PVTT who received Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC (Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC group) or Len+DEB-TACE (Len+DEB-TACE group) between July 2019 and June 2021 from eight institutions in China. Objective response rate (ORR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were compared between the two groups by propensity score-matching (PSM). Results: A total of 205 patients were included. After PSM, 85-paired patients remained in the study cohorts. Patients in the Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC group had higher ORR (61.2% vs. 34.1%, P &lt; 0.001), longer TTP (median, 9.8 vs. 5.9 months, P &lt; 0.001), and prolonged OS (median, 16.7 vs. 12.5 months, P &lt; 0.001) than those in the Len+DEB-TACE group. The ORR and TTP of both intrahepatic tumor (ORR: 64.7% vs. 36.5%, P &lt; 0.001; median TTP: 10.7 vs. 7.0 months, P &lt; 0.001) and PVTT (ORR: 74.1% vs. 47.1%, P &lt; 0.001; median TTP: 17.4 vs. 7.6 months, P &lt; 0.001) were better in the Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC group than the Len+DEB-TACE group. The frequency of grade 3-4 TRAEs in the Len+DEB-TACE+HAIC group were comparable to those in the Len+DEB-TACE group (38.8% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.524). Conclusion: The addition of HAIC to Len+DEB-TACE significantly improved ORR, TTP, and OS over Len+DEB-TACE with an acceptable safety profile for large HCC with major PVTT.
Current research advances and future directions of robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Yanming Kang, Xiaoqin Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Anesthesiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China bDepartment of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone Hospital for Women and Children, Chengdu 610041, China cKey Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. *Corresponding author. Address: West China Women's and Children's Hospital: Sichuan University West China Second, University Hospital, CHINA. E-mail address: [email protected] (X. Jiang). Supplemental Digital Content is available for this article. Direct URL citations are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's website, www.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery. Published online ■ ■ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/