tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Children’s Oncology Group Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers
Authors: Anna DeVine, Wendy Landier, Melissa M. Hudson, Louis S. Constine, Smita Bhatia, Saro H. Armenian, Maria M. Gramatges, Eric J. Chow, Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Matthew J. Ehrhardt
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Importance Since 2003, the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) has developed and disseminated the Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers . These guidelines have benchmarked the standard of care for long-term survivors of childhood cancer in North America and beyond. Since their inception, they have evolved in depth, scope, and contributors to maintain fidelity toward continually emerging evidence related to cancer survivorship. They are intended to inform care for individuals who survived 2 or more years from completion of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer–directed therapy and receiving care in either specialty or primary care environments. The guidelines are updated on a 5-year cycle, during which comprehensive literature searches pertaining to guideline-specific questions are performed, evidence abstracted from pertinent publications, and recommendations determined and scored following expert deliberation. Observations Version 6.0 of the guidelines, released in October 2023, comprised 165 sections and 45 health links and represents the cooperative efforts of 220 individuals. Major changes include the addition of recommendations regarding surveillance for genetic cancer predisposition, surveillance following the use of novel cancer treatment modalities, and routine vaccination practices during long-term follow-up. In addition, surveillance echocardiograms were omitted for those at low risk of cardiomyopathy. Conclusions and Relevance This narrative review outlines the historical evolution of the COG Long-Term Follow-Up Guidelines for Survivors of Childhood, Adolescent, and Young Adult Cancers , current methods guiding their development, and key recommendations from version 6.0. The guidelines are publicly available in their entirety online. The COG guidelines continue to set the standard for surveillance practices for long-term survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. The growing body of evidence supporting these recommendations will continue to guide their evolution to inform optimal survivorship care practices.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection of Indoor Domestic Cats Within Dairy Industry Worker Households — Michigan, May 2024
Authors: Ramya Naraharisetti, Meghan Weinberg, Becky Stoddard, Mary Grace Stobierski, Kimberly A. Dodd, Nora Wineland, Mathew Beal, Jennifer Morse, Samantha Hatter, Dodd Sledge, Katelynn Youatt, Joseph Coyle, Jevon McFadden, Timothy M. Uyeki, Lizette O. Durand
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13 infection has been documented in cats on U.S. dairy cattle farms. In May 2024, the detection of HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection in two cats that were reported to be exclusively indoor, and that had respiratory and neurologic illness in different households, prompted an investigation by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services and Mid-Michigan District Health Department (MDHHS/MMDHD). The cats' owners and household members were interviewed and offered testing for influenza A(H5) virus. The owner of one cat worked on a dairy farm but declined A(H5) testing; three other household members received negative A(H5) test results. The owner of the other cat lived alone and worked on multiple dairy farms transporting unpasteurized milk; this worker also reported getting splashed in the face and eyes by unpasteurized milk but declined A(H5) testing. Both workers were employed in a county known by MDHHS/MMDHD to have HPAI A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13-positive dairy cattle. In states with confirmed HPAI A(H5N1) in livestock, veterinary care can be aided if veterinarians obtain household members' occupational information, especially when evaluating cats with signs of respiratory or neurologic illness. If occupational exposure to HPAI A(H5N1)-infected livestock is identified among cat owners, and their companion cats are suspected to have HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection, it is important that veterinarians contact state and federal public health and animal health officials to collaborate on joint One Health investigations and testing to protect human and animal health.
Dengue Outbreak and Response — Puerto Rico, 2024
Authors: Fhallon Ware-Gilmore, Dania M. Rodriguez, Kyle Ryff, MPH, Jomil M. Torres, Miladys Perez Velez, Cristhian T. Torres-Toro, Gilberto A. Santiago, Aidsa Rivera, Zachary J. Madewell, Yashira Maldonado, Iris Cardona-Gerena, Grayson C. Brown, Laura E. Adams, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Melissa Marzán-Rodriguez
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Dengue, a mosquitoborne viral infection, is a public health threat in Puerto Rico, where multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulate. Dengue causes an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe disease or death. The last outbreak declared by the Puerto Rico Department of Health occurred during 2013. In January 2024, the number of dengue cases in Puerto Rico surpassed the epidemic threshold and remained elevated, prompting the Puerto Rico Department of Health to declare a public health emergency in March 2024. In collaboration with CDC, a dengue outbreak response was initiated to monitor the outbreak and implement vector-control measures alongside public health campaigns to raise awareness about increasing dengue case numbers and strategies to prevent mosquito bites. During 2024, a total of 6,291 confirmed dengue cases were reported; the highest numbers of cases were reported in the municipalities of San Juan (1,200; 17.3%), Carolina (354; 5.1%), and Rincón (252; 3.6%). DENV serotype 3 predominated, accounting for 59.2% of cases with known serotype. Approximately one half of ill patients (52.3%) required hospitalization, with the highest percentages of hospitalizations (33.9%) and severe dengue cases (28.4%) occurring among persons aged 10-19 years. Overall, severe dengue was identified in 4.2% of cases, with 11 reported fatalities (0.2%). Transmission remains elevated in multiple regions, underscoring the need for tailored public health measures, including vaccination among eligible populations, vector management, community outreach, and provider education to facilitate improved outcomes. To reduce the risk for mosquito bites, residents of and visitors to Puerto Rico should consider using repellents, wearing protective clothing, and staying in places with door and window screens.
Incident tuberculosis in people with HIV across Europe from 2012–2022: incidence rates, risk factors, and regional differences in a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Christian Kraef, Ashley Roen, Daria Podlekareva, Elzbieta Bakowska, Johannes Nemeth, Michael Knappik, Marie-Christine Payen, Ferdinand Wit, Christina Mussini, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Antonella Castagna, Nikoloz Chkhartishvili, Bastian Neesgaard, Nadine Jaschinski, Alain Volny Anne, Elena Borodulina, Marie Ballief, Elmar Wallner, Dennis Israelski, Harmony Garges, Amanda Mocroft, Ole Kirk
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death among people with HIV. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of tuberculosis (TB), explore risk factors and to calculate their population attributable fractions (PAF) in people with HIV across Europe, stratified by region. Longitudinal study of people with HIV aged>18 years with follow-up from either 1/1/2012, or cohort enrolment, until date of TB diagnosis, last visit, death, or 31/12/2022. Factors associated with TB, in particular antiretroviral therapy status and smoking, were analysed using multivariable Poisson regression. A total of 38 837 participants with HIV with a median follow-up of 7.7 (4.3-10.4) years. Overall, 306 TB cases were diagnosed during 275 811 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence rate (IR) 1.03/1000 PYFU, 95% CI 0.91-1.11). 3.3% (n=81/2428) participants had incident TB in Eastern Europe (IR 6.13, 4.93-7.62). Overall, the IR decreased from 2.03 (1.53-2.68) in 2012 to 0.44 (0.20-0.97) in 2022. Modifiable risk factors were smoking (adjusted incidence rate ratio 2.94; 95%CI1.62-5.34) and not receiving antiretroviral therapy (versus on; 3.29; 2.36-4.58). A history of TB pre-baseline increased the risk of recurrence (aIRR 7.77; 95%CI 4.09-14.74). The PAF for not receiving antiretroviral therapy was 34.6% in Non-Eastern Europe and 31.2% in Eastern Europe. TB incidence has been decreasing among people with HIV, but remains more frequent in Eastern Europe. Improvement of antiretroviral therapy-coverage and adherence and a focus on non-communicable disease risk factors such as smoking could reduce the incidence of TB.
Heart Rate response and cardiovascular risk during OSA: an easy biomarker derived from pulse oximetry
Authors: Margaux Blanchard, Théo Imler, Wen-Hsin Hu, Adrien Waeber, Geoffroy Solelhac, José Haba-Rubio, Sandrine Kerbrat, Abdelkebir Sabil, Wojciech Trzepizur, François Goupil, Audrey Thomas, Sébastien Bailly, Ali Azarbarzin, Peter Vollenweider, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Julien Vaucher, Raphael Heinzer, Frédéric Gagnadoux
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Sleep apnoea specific heart rate response (ΔHR) has been identified as a promising biomarker for stratifying cardiovascular (CV) risk, and predicting positive airway pressure (PAP) benefit in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, the need for prior manual scoring of respiratory events potentially limits the accessibility and reproducibility of ΔHR. We aimed to evaluate the association of pulse rate response to oxygen desaturations automatically derived from pulse oximetry (ΔHRoxi) with CV risk in OSA. ΔHRoxi and ΔHR were measured in OSA patients from the IRSR Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort (PLSC; n=5,002) and the HypnoLaus cohort (n=1,307). The primary outcome was major adverse CV events (MACEs), a composite of mortality, stroke, and cardiac diseases. Cox regressions analyses were conducted to evaluate the association of ΔHRoxi and ΔHR categorized into low, midrange and high categories, with MACEs. MACEs occured in 768 patients from PLSC and 87 patients from HypnoLaus (median follow-up: 8.0 and 7.5 years respectively). Multivariable Cox models showed that subjects with high ΔHRoxi (vs midrange) had higher risk of MACEs in PLSC (hazard ratio, HR: 1.42 [95% CI:1.18-1.71]) and HypnoLaus (HR: 1.72 [1.03-2.87]). Similar findings were observed for high ΔHR. Among 2,718 patients from PLSC treated with PAP, the association of PAP adherence (PAP use ≥4 h/night, vs non adherence) with MACEs was modified by baseline ΔHR and ΔHRoxi (p for interaction<0.05). ΔHRoxi could constitute a reliable and easy to measure biomarker for stratifying CV risk and predicting CV benefit of PAP in OSA.
Eosinophils in COPD Type 2 Inflammation: Hope or Hype?
Authors: Francesca Polverino, MeiLan K. Han
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

<title>Extract</title> The field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is undergoing a transformative shift with the emergence of biologic therapies [1]. These innovative treatments are redefining how we address the underlying mechanisms of disease, offering hope for a more targeted and effective approach to management. For decades, COPD was seen as a self-inflicted condition affecting primarily elderly smokers, characterized by neutrophilic inflammation. However, this perspective is changing. COPD is now recognized as a treatable condition that can affect younger individuals [2, 3]. The mechanistic pathways are also diverse, including type 2 (T2) inflammation.
A Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Sotatercept for Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Interim Results of SOTERIA
Authors: Ioana R. Preston, David Badesch, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Mardi Gomberg-Maitland, Marius M. Hoeper, Marc Humbert, Vallerie V. McLaughlin, Aaron B. Waxman, Solaiappan Manimaran, Elina Mikhailova, Madhavi Reddy, Anna Lau, Janethe de Oliveira Pena, Rogerio Souza
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Background SOTERIA ( NCT04796337 ) is an ongoing open-label study evaluating long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of sotatercept in participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods Eligible adults with PAH on stable background therapy who completed a prior sotatercept study without early discontinuation were enrolled. Participants received subcutaneous sotatercept (≤0.7 mg·kg −1 Q3W). Safety and tolerability (primary objective) were assessed by adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and laboratory assessments. Efficacy (secondary objective) was assessed by 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, WHO functional class (FC), clinical worsening events, and simplified French risk score (SFRS). The data cutoff date was 08NOV2023. Results Altogether, 426 participants were included in the analyses. Mean ( sd ) duration of exposure to sotatercept and follow-up in SOTERIA was 448.6 (172.93) days (range 21–923 days; 523 patient-years). Of 426 participants, 387 (90.8%) experienced AEs, 15 (3.5%) discontinued treatment, 129 (30.3%) had serious AEs, and 11 (2.6%) had serious AEs related to treatment. There were 12 deaths (2.8%). Among AEs of interest, epistaxis (22.1%) and telangiectasia (16.9%) were the most frequently reported individual events. Twenty-two (5.2%) participants had serious bleeding events, including 2 (0.5%) with serious bleeding leading to death (not related to treatment by investigator judgment). Improvements in 6MWD, NT-proBNP, WHO FC, and SFRS achieved from baseline of SOTERIA were largely maintained at one year, including in the placebo-crossed group. Conclusion Interim results of SOTERIA support the favorable benefit-risk of add-on sotatercept treatment in adults with PAH. Follow-up reports from this study will provide additional information on benefit/risk.
Characterization of a COPD-Associated<i>Nephronectin</i>Functional Splicing Genetic Variant in Human Lung Tissue<i>via</i>Long-Read Sequencing
Authors: Aabida Saferali, Anastacia N. Wienecke, Zhonghui Xu, Tao Liu, Gloria M. Sheynkman, Craig P. Hersh, Michael H. Cho, Edwin K. Silverman, Xiaobo Zhou, Carole L. Wilson, Lynn M. Schnapp, Scott H. Randell, Silvia B.V. Ramos, Alain Laederach, Christopher Vollmers, Peter J. Castaldi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Identification of COPD disease-causing genes is an important tool for understanding why COPD develops, who is at highest COPD risk, and how new COPD treatments can be developed. Previous COPD genetic studies have identified a highly significant genetic association near nephronectin (NPNT), a gene involved in tissue repair, but the biological mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Splicing quantitative trait locus analysis (sQTL) was performed to identify common genetic variants that alter RNA splicing in lung tissues. These lung sQTL signals were compared to COPD genetic association results near the NPNT gene using colocalization analysis to determine whether genetic risk for COPD in this region may act through altered splicing. Long read sequencing characterized COPD-associated splicing events at isoform-level resolution, and in silico protein structural analysis identified likely functional effects of this alternative splicing. An established COPD genetic risk variant, rs34712979_A, creates a cryptic splice acceptor site that causes four separate splicing changes im NPNT. The only of these splicing changes that was associated with COPD phenotypes involved a cassette exon (exon 3). Long read RNA sequencing demonstrated that the COPD risk allele causes a shift in isoform usage away from the dominant NPNT Isoform B precursor, which excludes exon 3, to the Isoform A precursor which splices-in exon 3. Alpha-fold protein structural analysis reveals that inclusion of this exon disrupts an EGF-like functional domain in NPNT. Genetic variants in the nephronectin (NPNT) gene increase COPD risk by changing RNA splicing of NPNT in the lung.
Proposal for a rational and sustainable use of antimicrobial filters in pulmonary function testing
Authors: Santiago C. Arce, Javier C. Brea Folco, Roque A. Baldasaria
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

<title>Extract</title> The 2005 ATS/ERS statement mentioned the use of antimicrobial filters as a biosecure alternative for performing pulmonary function testing (PFT) [1]. Alternatively, various pulmonary function equipment manufacturers proposed devices that use disposable sensors, which include the patient interface. The argument is that they do not require a filter, as the air exhaled by the patient does not come into contact with other parts of the equipment, and the part that does is discarded. In this way, the components of the equipment remain relatively decontaminated, while preventing the inhalation of particles impacted by the previous patient. Generally, each brand produces and markets its own sensors, which are presented as a more economical alternative [2].
Post-Hospitalisation COVID-19 Rehabilitation (PHOSP-R): A randomised controlled trial of exercise-based rehabilitation
Authors: Enya Daynes, Rachael A Evans, Neil J Greening, Nicolette C Bishop, Thomas Yates, Daniel Lozano-Rojas, Kimon Ntotsis, Matthew Richardson, Molly M Baldwin, Malik Hamrouni, Emily Hume, Hamish McAuley, George Mills, Dimitrios Megaritis, Matthew Roberts, Charlotte E Bolton, James D Chalmers, Trudie Chalder, Annemarie B Docherty, Omer Elneima, Ewen M Harrison, Victoria C Harris, Ling p Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Olivia C Leavy, Michael Marks, Krishna Poinasamy, Jennifer K Quint, Betty Raman, Ruth M Saunders, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Sarah Terry, Louise V Wain, William D-C Man, Carlos Echevarria, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Christopher Brightling, Sally J Singh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Post-COVID syndrome involves prolonged symptoms with multi-system and functional impairment lasting at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19. We aimed to determine the efficacy of exercise-based rehabilitation interventions, either face-to-face or remote, compared to usual care in individuals experiencing Post-COVID syndrome following a hospitalisation of acute COVID-19. This single-blind randomised controlled trial compared two COVID exercise-based rehabilitation interventions (face-to-face or remote) to usual care in participants with Post-COVID syndrome following a hospitalisation. The interventions were either a face-to-face or remote eight-week program of individually prescribed exercise and education. The primary outcome was the change in Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT) following eight weeks of intervention (either face-to-face or remote) compared to usual care. Other secondary outcomes were measured including health related quality of life (HRQoL), and exploratory outcomes included lymphocyte immunotyping. 181 participants (55% male, mean [sd] age 59 [12] years, length of hospital stay 12 [19] days) were randomised. There was an improvement in the ISWT distance following face-to-face rehabilitation (mean 52 [95% CI 19 to 85]m, p=0·002) and remote rehabilitation (mean 34 [95% CI 1 to 66]m, p=0·047) compared to usual care alone. There were no differences between groups for HRQoL of self-reported symptoms. Analysis of immune markers revealed significant increases in naïve and memory CD8+ T cells following face-to-face rehabilitation versus usual care alone (p<0·001, n=31). Exercise-based rehabilitation improved short-term exercise capacity in Post-COVID syndrome following an acute hospitalisation and showed potential for beneficial immunomodulatory effects.
Distinct mural cells and fibroblasts promote pathogenic plasma cell accumulation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhi Yang, Gaoyuan Cao, Xiaosheng Tan, Sarah Orfanos, Joseph Jude, Gaetan Barbet, Steven S. An, Dianhua Jiang, Reynold A. Panettieri, Qi Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2025)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by significant, but poorly understood immune and antibody responses. This study examines the spatial transcriptomes and microenvironmental niches of antibody-producing plasma cells and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in IPF lungs, and the molecular pathways influencing antibody accumulation and pulmonary fibrosis. Explant lung tissues from IPF patients and control normal lungs were used for spatial transcriptome assays and validating RNA-scope and immunofluorescence assays. Fibroblasts derived from IPF and control lungs were examined for their capability to attract plasma cells. Neutralizing antibodies were administered to investigate molecules affecting pulmonary plasma cell accumulation and fibrosis in bleomycin-treated mice. Human IPF lungs exhibited a remarkably widespread distribution of plasma cells and local antibodies in the fibrotic regions, disseminating from plasma cell-generating TLS. Novel mural cells wrapped the vessels in TLS regions, expressing CCR7 ligands that attracted T cells into TLS to promote plasma cell generation. Distinct IPF-associated fibroblasts further secreted CXCL12, providing an extramedullary niche to foster the dissemination and accumulation of plasma cells in the fibrotic regions. Neutralization of CCR7 ligands or CXCL12 reduced plasma cell and local antibody accumulation in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice, leading to reduced TGFβ concentrations and alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Plasma cells and local antibodies are widely distributed in the fibrotic regions of IPF lungs. Distinct subsets of IPF-associated mural cells and fibroblasts promote pathological plasma cell and antibody accumulation. These findings have potential implications for strategies aimed at targeting immune and antibody responses to combat IPF.