Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Michael Benjamin Arndt, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Hassan Abidi, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Yonas Derso Abtew, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Niveen ME Abu-Rmeileh, Juan Manuel Acuna, Kidist Adamu, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Saira Afzal, Antonella Agodi, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmadi, Ali Ahmed, Luai A A Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Maxwell Akonde, Hanadi Al Hamad, Yazan Al Thaher, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khalid F Alhabib, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Yousef Alimohamadi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Hesham M Al-Mekhlafi, Sami Almustanyir, Mahmoud A Alomari, Alaa B Al-Tammemi, Khalid A Altirkawi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A Amugsi, Tadele Fentabel Fentabil Anagaw, Robert Ancuceanu, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Jalal Arabloo, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Hany Ariffin, Timur Aripov, Mesay Arkew, Benedetta Armocida, Ashokan Arumugam, Ni Ketut Aryastami, Malke Asaad, Zatollah Asemi, Mulu Tiruneh Asemu, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Gamechu Hunde Atomsa, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Avinash Aujayeb, Mamaru Ayenew Awoke, Sina Azadnajafabad, Rui M S Azevedo, Darshan B B, Ashish D Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Atif Amin Baig, Jennifer L Baker, Madhan Balasubramanian, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Maciej Banach, Palash Chandra Banik, Martina Barchitta, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Ronald D Barr, Amadou Barrow, Lingkan Barua, Azadeh Bashiri, Pritish Baskaran, Saurav Basu, Alehegn Bekele, Sefealem Assefa Belay, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Shelly L Bell, Luis Belo, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Girma Beressa, Amiel Nazer C Bermudez, Habtamu B Beyene, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Natalia V Bhattacharjee, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Saeid Bitaraf, Virginia Bodolica, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Dejana Braithwaite, Muhammad Hammad Butt, Zahid A Butt, Daniela Calina, Luis Alberto Cámera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Chao Cao, Rosario Cárdenas, Márcia Carvalho, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Alberico L Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Joshua Chadwick, Julian Chalek, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Kirti Chauhan, Ju-Huei Chien, Abdulaal Chitheer, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Rafael M Claro, Alyssa Columbus, Samuele Cortese, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Bashir Dabo, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Isaac Darban, Gary L Darmstadt, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Amira Hamed Darwish, Jai K Das, Saswati Das, Kairat Davletov, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Dessalegn Demeke, Solomon Demissie, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Abebaw Alemayehu Desta, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Meghnath Dhimal, Diana Dias da Silva, Daniel Diaz, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Saeid Doaei, Deepa Dongarwar, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Sareh Edalati, Hisham Atan Edinur, Michael Ekholuenetale, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Iffat Elbarazi, Islam Y Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Habitu Birhan Eshetu, Juan Espinosa-Montero, Habtamu Esubalew, Farshid Etaee, Werku Etafa, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Luca Falzone, Carla Sofia e Sá Farinha, Sam Farmer, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Ali Fatehizadeh, Valery L Feigin, Alireza Feizkhah, Xiaoqi Feng, Pietro Ferrara, Getahun Fetensa, Florian Fischer, Ryan Fitzgerald, David Flood, Nataliya A Foigt, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Richard Charles Franklin, Takeshi Fukumoto, Muktar A Gadanya, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Santosh Gaihre, Emmanuela Gakidou, Yaseen Galali, Nasrin Galehdar, William M Gardner, Priyanka Garg, Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel, Urge Gerema, Lemma Getacher, Motuma Erena Getachew, Solomon Getawa, Kazem Ghaffari, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Mohammad Ghasemi Nour, Fariba Ghassemi, Nermin Ghith, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Ali Gholami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Sherief Ghozy, Paramjit Singh Gill, Tiffany K Gill, James C Glasbey, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Houman Goudarzi, Michal Grivna, Habtamu Alganeh Guadie, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Temesgen Worku Gudayu, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Hailey Hagins, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Alexis J Handal, Asif Hanif, Graeme J Hankey, Harapan Harapan, Arief Hargono, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Hamidreza Hasani, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Rasmus J Havmoeller, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Jiawei He, Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan, Claudiu Herteliu, Kamran Hessami, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Ramesh Holla, Praveen Hoogar, Sheikh Jamal Hossain, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh, Junjie Huang, Kyle Matthew Humphrey, Salman Hussain, Foziya Mohammed Hussien, Bing-Fang Hwang, Licia Iacoviello, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M Ilic, Milena D Ilic, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Farideh Iravanpour, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Farhad Islami, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie Declan Iwu, Linda Merin J, Louis Jacob, Haitham Jahrami, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Elham Jamshidi, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Rime Jebai, Alelign Tasew Jema, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani, Jost B Jonas, Abel Joseph, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Bhushan Dattatray Kamble, Himal Kandel, Neeti Kapoor, Ibraheem M Karaye, Patrick DMC Katoto, Joonas H Kauppila, Harkiran Kaur, Gbenga A Kayode, Worku Misganaw Kebede, Jemal Yusuf Kebira, Tibebeselassie S Keflie, Jessica A Kerr, Mohammad Keykhaei, Yousef Saleh Khader, Himanshu Khajuria, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, M Nuruzzaman Khan, Moien AB Khan, Taimoor Khan, Yusra H Khan, Javad Khanali, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Khaled Khatab, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Sorour Khateri, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Jagdish Khubchandani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Gyu Ri Kim, Ruth W Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Farzad Kompani, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah Kondlahalli, Hamid Reza Koohestani, Oleksii Korzh, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Mohammed Kuddus, G Anil Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Almagul Kurmanova, Om P Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Anders O Larsson, Kamaluddin Latief, Caterina Ledda, Paul H Lee, Sang-woong Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Virendra S Ligade, Stephen S Lim, Paulina A Lindstedt, Chun-Han Lo, Justin Lo, Rakesh Lodha, Arianna Maever Loreche, László Lorenzovici, Stefan Lorkowski, Farzan Madadizadeh, Áurea M Madureira-Carvalho, Preetam Bhalchandra Mahajan, Konstantinos Christos Makris, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Ahmad Azam Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Helena Manguerra, Abdoljalal Marjani, Santi Martini, Miquel Martorell, Awoke Masrie, Elezebeth Mathews, Andrea Maugeri, Maryam Mazaheri, Rishi P Mediratta, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, George A Mensah, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Tuomo J Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Ted R Miller, GK Mini, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Moonis Mirza, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Shane Douglas Morrison, Vincent Mougin, Sumaira Mubarik, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Francesk Mulita, Daniel Munblit, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Christopher J L Murray, Ghulam Mustafa, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Zuhair S Natto, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Phuong The Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Nurulamin M Noor, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Dieta Nurrika, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Bogdan Oancea, Kehinde O Obamiro, Onome Bright Oghenetega, Ropo Ebenezer Ogunsakin, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Daniel Micheal Okello, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Diriba Dereje Olana, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Sok King Ong, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Sergej M Ostojic, Adrian Otoiu, Abdu Oumer, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Adrian Pana, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Anamika Pandey, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Maja Pasovic, Jay Patel, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Deepak Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Gavin Pereira, Marcos Pereira, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Nishad Plakkal, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Amir Radfar, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Catalina Raggi, Pankaja Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Azizur Rahman, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Md Obaidur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Vahid Rahmanian, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Ivano Raimondo, Sathish Rajaa, Prashant Rajput, Pradhum Ram, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Sheena Ramazanu, Chythra R Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Sowmya J Rao, Drona Prakash Rasali, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Salman Rawaf, Lal Rawal, Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Kannan RR Rengasamy, Andre M N Renzaho, Malihe Rezaee, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Jennifer Rickard, Alina Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Peter Rohloff, Bedanta Roy, Godfrey M Rwegerera, Chandan S N, Aly M A Saad, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Siamak Sabour, Mamta Sachdeva Dhingra, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Malihe Sadeghi, Saeid Sadeghian, Umar Saeed, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Sher Zaman Safi, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Harihar Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Marwa Rashad Salem, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Rama Krishna Sanjeev, Senthilkumar Sankararaman, Itamar S Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Saman Sargazi, Yaser Sarikhani, Maheswar Satpathy, Monika Sawhney, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Abu Sayeed, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Markus P Schlaich, Rachel D Schneider, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Dragos Serban, Allen Seylani, Mahan Shafie, Pritik A Shah, Ataollah Shahbandi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Adisu Tafari T Shama, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Pavanchand H Shetty, Rahman Shiri, Velizar Shivarov, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Kerem Shuval, Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Jasvinder A Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Surjit Singh, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Amanda E Smith, Yonatan Solomon, Yi Song, Reed J D Sorensen, Jeffrey D Stanaway, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Muhammad Suleman, Jing Sun, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Mindy D Szeto, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Shima Tabatabai, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jacques Lukenze JL Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Ingan Ukur Tarigan, Zerihun Tariku, Md Tariqujjaman, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang, Nathan Y Tat, Birhan Tsegaw Taye, Heather Jean Taylor, Yibekal Manaye Tefera, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Rekha Thapar, Arulmani Thiyagarajan, Amanda G Thrift, Ales Tichopad, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tala Tillawi, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Mathilde Touvier, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Mai Thi Ngoc Tran, Sana Ullah, Eduardo A Undurraga, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Tolassa Wakayo Ushula, Seyed Mohammad Vahabi, Alireza Vakilian, Sahel Valadan Tahbaz, Rohollah Valizadeh, Jef Van den Eynde, Shoban Babu Varthya, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Madhur Verma, Massimiliano Veroux, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Stein Emil Vollset, Rade Vukovic, Yasir Waheed, Cong Wang, Fang Wang, Molla Mesele Wassie, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Melissa Y Wei, Andrea Werdecker, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Asrat Arja Wolde, Gedif Ashebir Wubetie, Ratna Dwi Wulandari, Rongbin Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Lalit Yadav, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Sanni Yaya, Fereshteh Yazdanpanah, Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet, Arzu Yiğit, Vahit Yiğit, Dong Keon Yon, Chuanhua Yu, Chun-Wei Yuan, Giulia Zamagni, Sojib Bin Zaman, Aurora Zanghì, Moein Zangiabadian, Iman Zare, Michael Zastrozhin, Bethany Zigler, Mohammad Zoladl, Zhiyong Zou, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Robert C Reiner
Journal: The Lancet (2024)

The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen by the World Health Assembly in 2012 as key indicators of maternal and child health, but there has yet to be a comprehensive report on progress for the period 2012 to 2021. We aimed to evaluate levels, trends, and observed-to-expected progress in prevalence and attributable burden from 2012 to 2021, with prevalence projections to 2050, in 204 countries and territories.