tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Natural Macromolecule‐Based Lubricative Catheter Coatings with Sustained Adaptive Antibacterial Property for Encrustation and Infection Prevention
Authors: Lujiao Zhang, Meizhou Sun, Weizhuo Song, Ruonan Wu, Bingran Yu, Shun Duan, Fu‐Jian Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) are a global health burden. Moreover, the friction during urinary catheter placement also induces pain in patients. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop effective antibacterial and lubricative coatings on the surface of urinary catheter. In this work, a facile volatilization film-forming method is used to construct coatings on catheter surfaces. Xanthan gum (SR), which has good lubricative and antifouling properties, is oxidized to cross-link with multi-amino compounds, gentamicin (GS), and gelatin, to fabricate uniform coatings on silicone catheters (SR-GXGs). The structures of SR-GXGs are regulated by the components of the film formation solutions. The bacterial metabolism can produce an acidic micro-environment that can regulate GS release to achieve on-demand administration. SR-GXG2 can eliminate 99.99% of common pathogenic bacteria and reduce the dynamic friction coefficient by 98.73%, and showed high stability in a 7-day flowing experiment. In addition, the universality of this method is demonstrated on various kinds of matrices with different shapes, including commercial urethral catheters. In vivo, SR-GXG2 can effectively avoid urinary tract injury and encrustation phenomenon because of its good anti-infection, antifouling, and lubricative properties. This work provides a promising strategy for developing multifunctional antibacterial coatings on medical catheters.
Prevalence of dementia among Indigenous populations of countries with a very high Human Development Index: a systematic review
Authors: Antonia J Clarke, Maja Christensen, Anna H Balabanski, Angela Dos Santos, Peter A Barber, Alex Brown, Matire Harwood, Christina Storm Mienna, Donald K Warne, Marwan Ahmed, Judith M Katzenellenbogen, Adrienne Withall, Kylie Radford, Amy G Brodtmann
Journal: The Lancet Healthy Longevity (2024)
A prospective comparison of two computer aided detection systems with different false positive rates in colonoscopy
Authors: Goh Eun Chung, Jooyoung Lee, Seon Hee Lim, Hae Yeon Kang, Jung Kim, Ji Hyun Song, Sun Young Yang, Ji Min Choi, Ji Yeon Seo, Jung Ho Bae
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of differing false positive (FP) rates in two computer-aided detection (CADe) systems on the clinical effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). The ADR in the control, system A (3.2% FP rate), and system B (0.6% FP rate) groups were 44.3%, 43.4%, and 50.4%, respectively, with system B showing a significantly higher ADR than the control group. The APC for the control, A, and B groups were 0.75, 0.83, and 0.90, respectively, with system B also showing a higher APC than the control. The non-true lesion resection rates were 23.8%, 29.2%, and 21.3%, with system B having the lowest. The system with lower FP rates demonstrated improved ADR and APC without increasing the resection of non-neoplastic lesions. These findings suggest that higher FP rates negatively affect the clinical performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy.
Use of an endoscopic virtual ruler based on the fiber laser principle and artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Yaxian Kuai, Shiwei Zhou, Bin Sun, Xu Wang, Youwei Xiao, Aijiu Wu, Derun Kong
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

The accurate measurement of lesion size during endoscopic procedures is of paramount importance. It not only informs the assessment of disease risk, but also guides the selection of appropriate surgical interventions and provides a foundation for effective treatment monitoring [1]. Current endoscopic measurement techniques, such as visual inspection, the tension clamp method, and the implantable instrument ruler, still exhibit certain limitations [2]. To address this challenge, researchers have explored the development of an endoscopic virtual ruler based on fiber laser principles and artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which aims to enable simple and precise real-time measurement of various types of lesions.
The emergence of medical futures studies uncovers medicine and healthcare’s untapped potential
Authors: Bertalan Mesko
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Analyzing the future of medicine and healthcare, especially during the rise of digital health and artificial intelligence, should rely on established futures methods that the discipline of futures studies has been using for decades. By employing such methods, healthcare professionals, policymakers and patient leaders could better navigate the complexities of modern healthcare, anticipate emerging challenges, and shape a future that is not just awaited but actively constructed.
Cyclical uncertainty: Healthcare providers and gender affirming care in Central Appalachia
Authors: Chase Harless, Irene Park Ulrich, Tiara Giddings, Julia Oat-Judge, Austin H. Johnson
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Purpose An estimated 1.4–2.3 million transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) adults live in the United States. Very few studies have explored TGNB healthcare delivery from the perspectives of primary care providers in the Southeast region broadly, and even fewer have focused on the Central Appalachian region in particular. This project explores the perspectives of providers in the area to better understand the needs of this population.
The regulatory effect of chitooligosaccharides on islet inflammation in T2D individuals after islet cell transplantation: the mechanism behind <i>Candida albicans</i> abundance and macrophage polarization
Authors: Yayu Zhang, Xiaoguo Ji, Kunlin Chang, Hao Yin, Mengyao Zhao, Liming Zhao
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Islet cell transplantation (ICT) represents a promising therapeutic approach for addressing diabetes mellitus. However, the islet inflammation during transplantation significantly reduces the surgical outcome rate, which is related to the polarization of macrophages. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) was previously reported which could modulate the immune system, alleviate inflammation, regulate gut microecology, and repair the intestinal barrier. Therefore, we hypothesized COS could relieve pancreatic inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization and gut microbiota. First, 18S rDNA gene sequencing was performed on fecal samples from the ICT population, showing abnormally increased amount of Candida albicans, possibly causing pancreatic inflammation. Functional oligosaccharides responsible for regulating macrophage polarization and inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans were screened. Afterwards, human flora-associated T2D (HMA-T2D) mouse models of gut microbiota were established, and the ability of the selected oligosaccharides were validated in vivo to alleviate inflammation and regulate gut microbiota. The results indicated that ICT significantly decreased the alpha diversity of gut fungal, altered fungal community structures, and increased Candida albicans abundance. Moreover, Candida albicans promoted M1 macrophage polarization, leading to islet inflammation. COS inhibited Candida albicans growth, suppressed the MyD88-NF-κB pathway, activated STAT6, inhibited M1, and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, COS-treated HMA-T2D mice displayed lower M1 macrophage differentiation and higher M2 macrophage numbers. Additionally, COS also enhanced ZO-1 and Occludin mRNA expression, reduced Candida albicans abundance, and balanced gut microecology. This study illustrated that COS modulated macrophage polarization via the MyD88/NF-κB and STAT6 pathways, repaired the intestinal barrier, and reduced Candida albicans abundance to alleviate islet inflammation.
Non-stochastic reassembly of a metabolically cohesive gut consortium shaped by N-acetyl-lactosamine-enriched fibers
Authors: Madison Moore, Hunter D. Whittington, Rebecca Knickmeyer, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Jose M. Bruno-Bárcena
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

Diet is one of the main factors shaping the human microbiome, yet our understanding of how specific dietary components influence microbial consortia assembly and subsequent stability in response to press disturbances – such as increasing resource availability (feeding rate) – is still incomplete. This study explores the reproducible re-assembly, metabolic interplay, and compositional stability within microbial consortia derived from pooled stool samples of three healthy infants. Using a single-step packed-bed reactor (PBR) system, we assessed the reassembly and metabolic output of consortia exposed to lactose, glucose, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and humanized GOS (hGOS). Our findings reveal that complex carbohydrates, especially those containing low inclusion (~1.25 gL−1) components present in human milk, such as N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc), promote taxonomic, and metabolic stability under varying feeding rates, as shown by diversity metrics and network analysis. Targeted metabolomics highlighted distinct metabolic responses to different carbohydrates: GOS was linked to increased lactate, lactose to propionate, sucrose to butyrate, and CO2, and the introduction of bile salts with GOS or hGOS resulted in butyrate reduction and increased hydrogen production. This study validates the use of single-step PBRs for reliably studying microbial consortium stability and functionality in response to nutritional press disturbances, offering insights into the dietary modulation of microbial consortia and their ecological dynamics.
Resolution of MASH with no worsening of fibrosis after bariatric surgery improves 15-year survival: a prospective cohort study.
Authors: Guillaume Lassailly, Robert Caiazzo, Armelle Goemans, Mikael Chetboun, Viviane Gnemmi, Julien Labreuche, Gregory Baud, Helene Verkindt, Camille Marciniak, Naima Oukhouya-Daoud, Line-Carolle Ntandja-Wandji, Massih Ningarhari, Emmanuelle Leteurtre, Violeta Raverdy, Sébastien Dharancy, Alexandre Louvet, François Pattou, Philippe Mathurin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2024)
Limitations in Achieving Glycemic Targets From CGM Data and Persistence of Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Regardless of Insulin Delivery Method
Authors: Lori M. Laffel, Jennifer L. Sherr, Jingwen Liu, Wendy A. Wolf, Jeoffrey Bispham, Katherine S. Chapman, Daniel Finan, Lina Titievsky, Tina Liu, Kaitlin Hagan, Jason Gaglia, Keval Chandarana, Jeremy Pettus, Richard Bergenstal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE We captured continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics from a large online survey of adults with type 1 diabetes to determine how glycemic outcomes varied by insulin delivery form. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults with type 1 diabetes from the T1D Exchange Registry/online communities completed the survey and contributed retrospective CGM data for up to 1 year. Self-reported glycemic outcomes and CGM measures were described overall and by insulin delivery method. RESULTS The 926 participants completed the survey and provided CGM data. Mean ± SD age was 41.9 ± 15.7 years, and 50.8% reported using automated insulin delivery (AID). While AID users spent more time in range, 27.9% did not achieve time in range targets, 15.5% reported severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs), and 16.0% had CGM-detected level 2 hypoglycemic events. CONCLUSIONS Despite use of diabetes technologies, many individuals are unable to achieve glycemic targets and experience severe hypoglycemia, highlighting the need for novel treatments.
International prevalence patterns of low eGFR in adults aged 18-60 without traditional risk factors from a population-based cross-sectional disadvantaged populations eGFR epidemiology (DEGREE) study.
Authors: Charlotte E Rutter, Mary Njoroge, Phil Cooper, Prabhakaran Dorairaj, Vivekanand Jha, Prabhdeep Kaur, Sailesh Mohan, Ravi Raju Tatapudi, Annibale Biggeri, Peter Rohloff, Michelle H Hathaway, Amelia Crampin, Meghnath Dhimal, Anil Poudyal, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Cristina O'Callaghan-Gordo, Pubudu Chulasiri, Nalika Gunawardena, Thilanga Ruwanpathirana, S C Wickramasinghe, Sameera Senanayake, Chagriya Kitiyakara, Marvin Gonzalez-Quiroz, Sandra Cortés, Kristina Jakobsson, Ricardo Correa-Rotter, Jason Glaser, Ajay Singh, Sophie Hamilton, Devaki Nair, Aurora Aragón, Dorothea Nitsch, Steven Robertson, Ben Caplin, Neil Pearce
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
Single-cell RNA seq-derived signatures define response patterns to atezolizumab + bevacizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sarah Cappuyns, Marta Piqué-Gili, Roger Esteban-Fabró, Gino Philips, Ugne Balaseviciute, Roser Pinyol, Albert Gris-Oliver, Vincent Vandecaveye, Jordi Abril-Fornaguera, Carla Montironi, Laia Bassaganyas, Judit Peix, Marcus Zeitlhoefler, Agavni Mesropian, Júlia Huguet-Pradell, Philipp K. Haber, Igor Figueiredo, Giorgio Ioannou, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Antonio D’Alessio, Raphael Mohr, Tim Meyer, Anja Lachenmayer, Jens U. Marquardt, Helen L. Reeves, Julien Edeline, Fabian Finkelmeier, Jörg Trojan, Peter R. Galle, Friedrich Foerster, Beatriz Mínguez, Robert Montal, Sacha Gnjatic, David J. Pinato, Mathias Heikenwalder, Chris Verslype, Eric Van Cutsem, Diether Lambrechts, Augusto Villanueva, Jeroen Dekervel, Josep M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2024)
The effects of plasma exchange and glucocorticoids on early kidney function among patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in the PEXIVAS trial.
Authors: Balazs Odler, Regina Riedl, Duvuru Geetha, Wladimir M Szpirt, Carmel Hawley, Lisa Uchida, Zachary S Wallace, Giles Walters, Eri Muso, Vladimir Tesar, Charles D Pusey, Mark A Little, Peter A Merkel, Michael Walsh, David R W Jayne, Andreas Kronbichler
Journal: Kidney International (2024)
Hospitalization prediction from the emergency department using computer vision AI with short patient video clips
Authors: Wui Ip, Maria Xenochristou, Elaine Sui, Elyse Ruan, Ryan Ribeira, Debadutta Dash, Malathi Srinivasan, Maja Artandi, Jesutofunmi A. Omiye, Nicholas Scoulios, Hayden L. Hofmann, Ali Mottaghi, Zhenzhen Weng, Abhinav Kumar, Ananya Ganesh, Jason Fries, Serena Yeung-Levy, Lawrence V. Hofmann
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

In this study, we investigate the performance of computer vision AI algorithms in predicting patient disposition from the emergency department (ED) using short video clips. Clinicians often use "eye-balling" or clinical gestalt to aid in triage, based on brief observations. We hypothesize that AI can similarly use patient appearance for disposition prediction. Data were collected from adult patients at an academic ED, with mobile phone videos capturing patients performing simple tasks. Our AI algorithm, using video alone, showed better performance in predicting hospital admissions (AUROC = 0.693 [95% CI 0.689, 0.696]) compared to models using triage clinical data (AUROC = 0.678 [95% CI 0.668, 0.687]). Combining video and triage data achieved the highest predictive performance (AUROC = 0.714 [95% CI 0.709, 0.719]). This study demonstrates the potential of video AI algorithms to support ED triage and alleviate healthcare capacity strains during periods of high demand.
Prospective evaluation of lung cancer screening eligibility criteria and lung cancer detection in the Yorkshire Lung Screening Trial.
Authors: Rhian Gabe, Philip A J Crosbie, Daniel Vulkan, Hannah Bailey, David R Baldwin, Claire Bradley, Richard Booton, Michael Darby, Claire Eckert, Neil Hancock, Sebastian Hinde, Sam M Janes, Martyn P T Kennedy, Catriona Marshall, Henrik Moller, Rachael L Murray, Richard D Neal, Samantha L Quaife, Suzanne Rogerson, Bethany Shinkins, Irene Simmonds, Sara Upperton, Matthew E J Callister
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2024)
Metalloprotease inhibitors regulate biliary progenitor cells through sDLK1 in organoid models of liver injury
Authors: Virginie Defamie, Kazeera Aliar, Soumili Sarkar, Foram Vyas, Ronak Shetty, Swami Reddy Narala, Hui Fang, Sanjay Saw, Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan, Otto Sanchez, Jennifer J. Knox, Paul D. Waterhouse, Rama Khokha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Understanding cell fate regulation in the liver is necessary to advance cell therapies for hepatic disease. Liver progenitor cells (LPC) contribute to tissue regeneration after severe hepatic injury yet signals instructing progenitor cell dynamics and fate are largely unknown. The Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases, TIMP1 and TIMP3 control the sheddases ADAM10 and ADAM17, key for NOTCH activation. Here we uncover the role of the TIMP/ADAM/NOTCH/DLK1 axis in LPC maintenance and cholangiocyte specification. Combined TIMP1/TIMP3 loss in vivo caused abnormal portal triad stoichiometry accompanied by collagen deposits, dysregulated Notch signalling and increased soluble DLK1. The MIC1-1C3+CD133+CD26– biliary progenitor population was reduced following acute CCl4 or chronic DDC liver injury and in aged TIMP deficient livers. ScRNA-seq data interrogation and RNAscope identified portal mesenchymal cells co-expressing ADAM17/DLK1 as enzymatically equipped to process DLK1 and direct LPC differentiation. Specifically, TIMP deficient biliary fragment-derived organoids displayed increased propensity for cholangiocyte differentiation. ADAM17 inhibition reduced Sox9-mediated cholangiocyte differentiation, prolonging organoid growth and survival, whereas soluble DLK1-treated WT organoids triggered Sox9 expression and cholangiocyte specification in mouse and patient-derived liver organoids. Thus, metalloprotease inhibitors regulate instructive signals for biliary cell differentiation and LPC preservation within the portal niche, providing a new basis for cell therapy strategies.
Response to ritlecitinib with or without narrow-band UVB add-on therapy in patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo: results from a phase 2b extension study
Authors: Yuji Yamaguchi, Elena Peeva, Roni Adiri, Pranab Ghosh, Lynne Napatalung, Iltefat Hamzavi, Amit G Pandya, Ronald N Shore, Khaled Ezzedine, Emma Guttman-Yassky
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2024)
Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection
Authors: John Flores, Andrew M. Davis, Aniruddha Hazra
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This JAMA Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2024 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) for bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevention.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Outcomes of Neonates Born at Less Than 30 Weeks’ Gestation, 2018-2022
Authors: Nansi S. Boghossian, Marco Geraci, Erika M. Edwards, Jeffrey D. Horbar
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Previous research has examined outcomes among very preterm newborns by the birthing parent’s race and ethnicity, but knowledge about these trends during the COVID-19 pandemic is limited. Objective To examine trends in outcomes among Black, Hispanic, and Asian preterm newborns compared with White preterm newborns. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study (2018-2022) took place at 774 neonatal intensive care units in the Vermont Oxford Network. Participants were newborns born at 22 to 29 weeks’ gestation. Exposure Race and ethnicity. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were mortality and complications, including respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), early-onset sepsis, late-onset sepsis (LOS), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (sIVH), severe retinopathy of prematurity, chronic lung disease, pneumothorax, and complication-free survival. Results Among 90 336 newborns (47 215 male [52.3%]; 43 121 female [47.7%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 26.4 [2.1] weeks), 4734 (5.2%) were born to Asian, 20 345 (22.3%) to Hispanic, 31 264 (34.3%) to non-Hispanic Black, and 33 993 (37.3%) to non-Hispanic White birthing individuals. Rates of in-hospital mortality (4831 Black newborns [15.6%]; 3009 Hispanic newborns [14.9%]; and 4886 White newborns [14.4%]), NEC (2374 Black newborns [7.8%]; 1359 Hispanic newborns [6.9%]; and 2137 White newborns [6.5%]), LOS (3846 Black newborns [13.5%]; 2258 Hispanic newborns [12.3%]; and 3575 White newborns [11.5%]), and sIVH (2919 Black newborns [10.3%]; 1673 Hispanic newborns [9.2%]; and 2800 White newborns [9.1%]) were highest among Black and lowest among White newborns. Chronic lung disease and pneumothorax rates were lowest among Black and highest among White newborns. Over the study period, mortality rate differences were slightly higher for Black than White newborns, with no differences by 2022. NEC and LOS rates were consistently higher among Black than White newborns. By 2022, Black newborns had higher rates of NEC (rate difference, 1.3 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.46-2.2 percentage points) and LOS (rate difference, 2.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.4-4.0 percentage points). sIVH rates were higher for Black newborns in some years, whereas severe retinopathy of prematurity rates were lower. Hispanic newborns had mortality and complication rates similar to those of White newborns. Black and Hispanic newborns had lower respiratory complication rates and higher complication-free survival than White newborns. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, there were no differences in mortality rates between Black and White newborns, but Black newborns had higher rates of NEC and LOS. Continued quality improvement and addressing social determinants of health are critical for promoting health equity in hospital outcomes and beyond.
PAX5::AUTS2 childhood B-ALL: a relapse-prone genetic subtype with frequent central nervous system involvement and a poor outcome
Authors: Aurélie Caye-Eude, Grazia Fazio, Agata Pastorczak, Judith M. Boer, Doris Steinemann, Debdutta Ganguli, Edwin Sonneveld, Sabrina Haslinger, Lucía D’Andrea, Jutta Bradtke, Bruno A. Lopes, Marketa Zaliova, Gabriele Escherich, Margit König, Klaus Fortschegger, Andrea Inthal, Irina Stasevich, Mariana Emerenciano, Jan Trka, Luis Castillo, Mayur Parihar, Anthony V. Moorman, Anke K. Bergmann, Monique L. den Boer, Wojciech Młynarski, Giovanni Cazzaniga, Hélène Cavé, Karin Nebral, Dagmar Schinnerl, Sabine Strehl
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

1234567890();,: a including patients with CNS2, CNS3, traumatic lumbar puncture with leukemia blasts or reported as positive without any further classification.b days 28-42 of therapy.c days 78-112 of therapy.d one childhood patient had an extramedullary testis involvement.
Genetic susceptibility of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a meta genome-wide association study in Asian population
Authors: Qian Cui, Wen Tan, Bao Song, Rou-Jun Peng, Ling Wang, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Kok Pin Ng, Guo-Wang Lin, Wing-Yan Au, Raymond H. S. Liang, Chiea Chuen Khor, Qing-Ling Zhang, Jia Nee FOO, Sheng-Ping Li, Fu-Ren Zhang, Xue-Jun Zhang, Xue-Qing Yu, Qing Lan, Stephen Chanock, Wei-Hua Jia, Soon Thye Lim, Wen-Yu Li, Nathaniel Rothman, Jin-Xin Bei, Jie Liu, Dongxin Lin, Jian-Jun Liu
Journal: Leukemia (2024)
Response to zhang and Lv
Authors: Yin Zhang, Sara Lindström, Peter Kraft, Yuxi Liu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2024)

We thank Zhang and Lv for their comments [1] on our recently published large prospective cohort study investigating the associations between genetic risk, health-associated lifestyle, and risk of early-onset total cancer and breast cancer.We appreciate the opportunity to clarify and respond to their concerns regarding participation bias, the generalizability of the UK Biobank data, and death as a competing risk.