tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3036: Is the Sympathetic Nervous System, Renin-angiotensin System and Cytokines Activated in Asymptomatic Patients with Chronic Organic Mitral Regurgitation and Normal Left Ventricular Functional Reserve?
Authors: Min Pu, William Davidson, Xiaoxue Fan, Lawrence Demers
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system, reninangiotensin system and cytokines has been observed in patients (pts) with congestive heart failure associated with chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). In order to further understand the pathophysiology of chronic MR, it is important to know whether these neurohormonal systems are activated in pts with chronic MR and normal LV function. Methods: Twenty pts with chronic MR were studied. All the pts had mitral valve prolapse and moderately severe or severe MR with a mean regurgitant orifice area of 0.42 ± 0.05 cm 2 . Mean exercise capacity on the Bruce protocol was 12 ± 3 Mets. LV diameters and LVEF were measured at rest and immediately post exercise by echocardiography. Normal LV function was defined as resting LV ejection fraction (LVEF) of &gt; 60 % with normal LV systolic functional reserve (increased LVEF of ≥ 5% post exercise). Plasma norepinephrine (NP), renin activity (RA) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in pts with MR and 13 normal subjects without MR. Results: LV end-diastolic diameter (5.4 ± 0.5 cm vs. 4.5 ± 0.5 cm, p&lt;0.01) and end-systolic diameter (3.6 ± 0.6 cm vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 cm, p&lt;0.01) were significantly larger in pts with MR than the normal subjects. Resting LVEF was similar in two groups (MR: 65 ± 4% vs. normal: 59 ± 6%, p&gt;0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma NP, RA and TNF-α between the MR and normal groups (Table ). NP, RA and TNF-α were not significantly associated with exercise capacity, LV end-diastolic and systolic diameters and pre- and post-exercise LVEF (all p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Unlike pts with LV dysfunction and MR, neurohormones are not significantly activated in asymptomatic pts with chronic MR and normal LV systolic functional reserve. Therefore, elevation of the neurohormonal levels and/or reduced LV functional reserve may indicate LV function impairment and prompt early surgical and/or medical intervention.
Abstract 059: Do Healthier Foods or Diet Patterns Cost More Than Less Healthy Options? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mayuree Rao, Ashkan Afshin, Gitanjali Singh, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Conventional wisdom holds that healthier foods cost more than less healthy options. Yet, this research question has not been systematically evaluated, including consideration of types of foods and diet patterns and definitions of healthfulness. Methods: Using MOOSE guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prices of healthier vs less healthy foods and diet patterns, evaluating and accounting for key sources of heterogeneity. We searched PubMed, related articles, and citations for original studies comparing retail food prices by metrics of healthfulness. We estimated pooled price differences per serving for different food groups and per day for diet patterns. We also evaluated prices per calorie and weighted by intensity of differences in healthfulness of foods/diets being compared (range 1 to 10, determined in duplicate). Results: Of 1,101 articles, 26 met inclusion criteria. Among food groups, meats/protein had largest price differences by healthfulness ( Figure ): healthier options cost $0.33/serving (95% CI 0.19, 0.47) more than less healthy options, with heterogeneity by type of protein source. Comparing extremes (e.g., quintile 5 vs 1) of diet patterns (20 studies evaluating 13 metrics, e.g. energy density, Mediterranean diet), healthier diet patterns cost $1.43/day (0.82, 2.04) and $1.92/2000 calories (1.57, 2.26) more, with some heterogeneity by type of diet pattern (to be shown). Results were similar weighted by intensity of differences in healthfulness or stratified by study location. Conclusions: This systematic assessment quantifies price differences of healthier vs less healthy foods, including for specific food types, diet patterns, intensities of differences, and units of cost (serving, day, calorie). Healthier diet patterns and some healthier foods cost more; for diet patterns, the pooled price difference was ~$1.50/day. These findings highlight both the nuanced challenges and the opportunities for reducing financial barriers to healthy eating.
Abstract 15643: Is Bleeding Risk Augmented With Acute Therapies Across Increasing INR Levels Among NSTEMI Patients on Home Warfarin Therapy?
Authors: Sumeet Subherwal, Eric D Peterson, Anita Y Chen, Richard G Bach, Brian F Gage, Deepak L Bhatt, Stephen D Wiviott, Jeffrey B Washam, Matthew T Roe, Karen P Alexander, Tracy Y Wang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Management of NSTEMI patients on chronic warfarin poses concerns regarding the early use of antithrombotic therapy and invasive procedures as bleeding risk may be augmented with increas...
Abstract 1390: Tryptophan Hydroxylase Gene Haplotypes Modify the Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Symptoms of Depression
Authors: Jinying Zhao, James D Bremner, Mark Bouzyk, Weining Tang, Jack Goldberg, Nadeem Afzal, Nancy Murrah, Linda Jones, Viola Vaccarino
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background Tryptophan hydroxylases (TPH) are involved in the biosynthesis of serotonin and are therefore candidate genes for depression, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Child...
Proof That Lower Is Better — LDL Cholesterol and IMPROVE-IT
Authors: John A. Jarcho, John F. Keaney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

The so-called LDL hypothesis is the concept that excess low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is a causal factor in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease. By extension, this hypothesis also assumes that reducing LDL cholesterol levels, regardless of the means, should produce a corresponding reduction in cardiovascular events. Considerable evidence supports the LDL hypothesis, including animal studies and epidemiologic studies involving humans, as well as clinical trials of both statins and nonstatin lipid-modifying agents. In a meta-analysis that included more than 90,000 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins, the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) collaborators found that, on average, a reduction . . .
Predictors and Outcomes of Side Branch Occlusion After Main Vessel Stenting in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Joo-Yong Hahn, Woo Jung Chun, Ji-Hwan Kim, Young Bin Song, Ju Hyeon Oh, Bon-Kwon Koo, Seung Woon Rha, Cheol Woong Yu, Jong-Sun Park, Jin-Ok Jeong, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Jin-Ho Choi, Myung-Ho Jeong, Jung Han Yoon, Yangsoo Jang, Seung-Jea Tahk, Hyo-Soo Kim, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Results in a tobacco consulting room in 2008
Authors: Francisco Javier Callejas Gonzalez, Sergio Garcia Castillo, Javier Cruz Ruiz, Mariela Silvana Plenc Ziegler, Raúl Godoy Mayoral, Ana Isabel Tornero Molina, Jesus Jimenez Lopez, Rafaela Sánchez Simon-Talero, Ana Nunez Ares, Fernando Munoz Rino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Material and methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis of the results obtained from patients who were attended in a Tobacco Consulting Room from 1 January to 31 December 2008 and subsequent follow-up to complete a year.

Results: 268 of 410 patients (56.3% male), mean age 46 years and mean cigarettes/day 27.1. Statistical significance between cigarettes smoked and sex, higher in males. Respiratory comorbidity: 15.7% COPD, 9% asthma, 10.8% OSAHS and 1.9% OCD. Cardiac comorbidity, 7.83%, and psychiatric, 32.46%. 44.4% without treatment, 22.8% NRT, 6.3% bupropion and 26.5% varenicline. Overall of the 268 patients, treatment success in 45 (16.8%), 29 men and 16 women. Percentage rises to 29.6% if we don't consider those who didn't attend the second consultation. Success among respiratory patients was statistically significantly longer compared with cardiac (27.1% vs. 4.7%, p <0.03) and among non-psychiatric compared with psychiatric ones (19.8% vs. 10.3%, p <0.05). Those who were treated pharmacologically, statistically significant greater success among who used varenicline than NRT or bupropion (35.2% vs. 21.5%, p <0.001).

Conclusions: 1. 62.92% didn't start treatment (34.64% and 28.28%, first and second appointment respectively). 2. Cigarette consumption by males was significantly higher than women (28.51 vs. 25.08, p <0.02). 3. Overall treatment success 16.8%, amounting to 29.6% excluding those who don't attend the second consultation. 4. Greater success among respiratory than cardiac patients (27.1% vs. 4.7%) and among non-psychiatric than psychiatric ones (19.8% vs. 10.3%). 5. Greater success among varenicline than NRT or bupropion-treated (35.2% vs. 21.5%).
Abstract 16187: Reduction of Hexokinase II Exaggerates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Accelerates Transition to Heart Failure via Increased Production of Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Eugene J Wyatt, Rongxue Wu, Kusum Chawla, Mohsen Ghanefar, Hossein Ardehali
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Rationale/Objective: Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with a metabolic switch in substrate utilization from fatty acids to glucose. Hexokinase II, a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, and its bindi...
Abstract 2495: Pharmacodynamic Profile of a Novel Chimeric Natriuretic Peptide, CD-NP, as Compared to C-Type Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Candace Y Lee, Guido Boerrigter, Gail J Harty, Ondrej Lisy, John C Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a 22-amino-acid peptide and a ligand of the natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), exhibits venodilating, anti-fibrotic, and vascular-regenerating properties but limited renal actions. A Mayo-designed chimeric peptide, CD-NP, which consists of CNP and the C-terminus of Dendroaspis NP, was synthesized to test the hypothesis that CD-NP would possess CNP-like properties with an improved pharmacodynamic profile. Methods: Normal anesthetized dogs were given CD-NP 50 ng/kg/min (n = 10) or an equimolar dose of CNP 29.3 ng/kg/min (n = 9) i.v. for 75 min. Hemodynamic, renal, and hormonal data were obtained pre-infusion (pre-I), at 30 and 60 min I, and post-I, and were compared both within group vs pre-I (mean ± SE, P&lt; 0.05*, &lt; 0.01 † ) and between groups ( P &lt; 0.05 ‡ , &lt; 0.01 § , &lt; 0.001 ¶ ). Plasma BNP was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: CD-NP resulted in greater increases in plasma cGMP (7±.4 to 25±3 †¶ to 36±3 †¶ to 23±3 †¶ pmol/ml), urinary cGMP excretion (978±145, 3170±205 †¶ , 5919±616 †¶ , 3077±298 †¶ pmol/min) vs CNP (8±.8, 10±.6 † , 11±.7 † , 8±.5 pmol/ml; 976±110, 1104±115, 1317±103, 998±101 pmol/min, respectively). CD-NP also increased urine Na + excretion (19±4, 168±24 †§ , 237±26 †¶ , 96±12 † μEq/min), urine flow (0.2±.1, 1.3±.2 † , 1.8±.3 † , 0.8±.2 † ml/min), and GFR (37±2 ‡ , 48±3 † , 51±3 † , 53±4 † ml/min) vs CNP (36±12, 68±10, 85±26, 81±25 μEq/min; 0.4±.1, 0.9±.2, 1.2±.3*, 0.9±.3 ml/min; 52±5, 53±7, 50±4, 49±6 ml/min, respectively). CD-NP reduced PCWP (5.7±.7, 4.1±1*, 3.2±.7 † , 4.3±.8 mmHg), RAP (1.8±.4, 1.1±.4 † , 0.9±.5 †§ , 1.3±.5 § mmHg), PAP (12±.6, 10±.4*, 10±.6, 11±.7 mmHg) vs CNP (6±.6, 5±.8, 6±.8, 7±.9 † mmHg; 2.6±.3, 2.5±.3 to 2.9±.3 to 3.5±.5 † mmHg; 13±1, 12±1, 12±1, 13±1 mmHg, respectively). Mean blood pressure was unchanged in either group. CD-NP increased circulating BNP during infusion vs CNP (40±4 vs 18±2 pg/ml, P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the successful transformation of CNP to a CNP-like peptide with enhanced natriuretic, diuretic, GFR-enhancing, and cardiac-unloading actions. CD-NP may also promote increases in plasma BNP which via the NPR-A receptor may contribute to its biological actions. The therapeutic potential of CD-NP in heart failure warrants further studies.
Abstract 2758: Effect of Catheter Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy on AF Progression. A Long-term Controlled Follow-up Study
Authors: Vincenzo Santinelli, Andrea Radinovic, Simone Sala, Gabriele Paglino, Giuseppe Ciconte, Stefania Sacchi, Carlo Pappone
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background. In the era of catheter ablation there are no prospective data on AF progression according to AF guidelines classification and management. Methods. Of 402 screened patients with first-detected paroxysmal AF, 106 (mean age, 57.5 years) were enrolled for this prospective study. Of them, 54 (mean age, 53.3 years) had lone AF and 52 (mean age, 62.0 years) had comorbidities. Patients were treated according to recent guidelines management. Primary endpoint of the study was the cumulative probability of progression to permanent AF over a 5-year follow-up among patients who underwent catheter ablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy alone (ADT). Predictors of progression to permanent AF were also analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results. At the end of the 5-year follow-up, 50 patients with lone AF had no further recurrences after the first episode in the absence of ADT. The remaining 56 patients at a median follow-up of 19 months after the first episode experienced recurrent episodes of paroxysmal AF requiring ADT (45 patients) or catheter ablation (11 patients) because of ADT failure. Patients who underwent ablation had similar clinical characteristics as patients on ADT. K-M curves demonstrated that patients on ADT were more likely to progress to permanent AF than those who underwent catheter ablation (p=0.029, by log-rank test, Figure 1 ). Age (p&lt;0.0001), diabetes (p=0.003) and heart failure (p=0.002) predicted progression to permanent AF. Conclusions. Over a 5-year follow-up, catheter ablation is of benefit in delaying arrhythmia progression. Age, diabetes and heart failure predict progression to permanent AF.
Abstract 9198: Hypoxic Preconditioning Enhances the Angiogenic and Therapeutic Potential of Bone Marrow Cells with Age-Related Functional Impairment
Authors: Masayuki Kubo, Tao-Sheng Li, Hiroshi Kurazumi, Yoshihiro Takemoto, Mako Ohshima, Kimikazu Hamano
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that ex vivo hypoxic preconditioning (HP) of bone marrow cells (BMCs) can enhance their potency for inducing therapeutic angiogenesis, but experiments have all used cells from young healthy individuals. Considering that the response to hypoxia may differ depending on the quality of cells and that cell-based therapy were usually conducted in patients with advanced age, we investigated whether there was a difference in the response to HP between BMCs from old and young mice. Methods and Results: BMCs were collected from young (3 months) and old (20-22 months) C57BL/6 mice, and subjected to HP by incubating in 2% O 2 for 24 hour. Adhesion, survival and angiogenic potency were significantly worse (all P&lt;0.05) in BMCs from old mice than in those from young mice, indicating an age-related functional impairment of the BMCs. Agreed well with previous studies using cells from young healthy mice, HP of BMCs from old mice resulted in a significant increase in adhesion (P&lt;0.01) and survival (P&lt;0.01). The hypoxia-preconditioned BMCs also had a significant increase in angiogenic potency, including the production of VEGF (P&lt;0.05) and endothelial differentiation (P&lt;0.05). All of these enhancements by HP were comparable between BMCs from old and young mice. On intramuscular implantation of BMCs into the ischemic hindlimbs of old mice, microvessel density and blood flow (Fig A) in the ischemic hindlimbs 14 days after treatment was significantly increased in the mice implanted with the hypoxia-preconditioned BMCs from old mice than in those implanted with the freshly isolated or the normoxia-cultured BMCs from old mice; a similar preconditioning effect was observed in BMCs from young mice (Fig B). Conclusion: HP-induced enhancement of angiogenic potential of BMCs from old mice follows the same trend as that of BMCs from young mice, suggesting that HP could be a useful method of enhancing the potential of BMCs for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Abstract 19120: Preoperative Symptoms Predict Improvement in Health-related Quality of Life After Surgery for Severe Aortic Stenosis, While Preoperative Echocardiographic Parameters Do Not
Authors: Andreas Auensen, Amjad Hussain, Maja Rognstad, Maja Rognstad, Svend Aakhus, Svend Aakhus, Jan Otto Beitnes, Lars Gullestad, Kjell Pettersen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Symptoms and echocardiographic assessment of the heart and the aortic valve are key factors in the pre-operative decision-making process in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Improved survival and HRQoL are primary goals after surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). In this study, we report changes in HRQoL one year after SAVR and study the association between symptoms, echocardiographic measures, and change in HRQoL. Methods: In a prospective cohort study of 480 patients with severe AS, 327 patients have been to follow-up at one year, and of these 276 patients have had SAVR. Mean age was 74 years, and 40 % (111) were female. HRQoL was measured using Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Response rate was &gt; 90%. Patients` answers on type (fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain or dizziness) - and frequency (last week) of cardinal AS-symptoms were used to create three patient groups based on estimated total symptom load. We used valve area, mean pressure gradient, cardiac output, ejection fraction, and estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure as echocardiographic measures of heart function and AS characteristics. Results: Mean valve area was 0.7 cm2, mean pressure gradient was 53 mmHg, mean maximum valve velocity 4.5 m/s, mean estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure 36 mmHg, cardiac output 5,2 m/s, and 89 % had normal ejection fraction. There was a statistically significant improvement in HRQoL one year after SAVR in six of the eight SF-36 scales. Physical Functioning: (mean pre-operative - mean post-operative score) 61 - 72 p &lt; 0.001, Role-physical Functioning: 52 - 62 p &lt; 0.001, Bodily Pain: 65 - 74 p &lt; 0.001, General Health: 58 - 71 p &lt; 0.001, Vitality: 48 - 56 p &lt; 0.001, Social Functioning: 78 - 81 p = 0.2, Role-emotional Functioning: 77 - 80 p = 0.2, Mental Health: 77 - 80 p = 0.02. There was no association between the echocardiographic parameters and change in HRQoL. Conclusions: There was a substantial gain in HRQoL after SAVR. Despite their importance in the pre-operative assessment, echocardiographic measures did not predict change in HRQoL. After SAVR, patients with more symptoms experience the greatest yield in HRQoL, and amount of AS-symptoms is a strong predictor of intermediate HRQoL.
Mountain Landscape From Clavadel
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Abstract 18635: H2O2 and Peroxynitrite Mediate Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Inactivation in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
Authors: Stephen Wedgwood, Satyan Lakshminrusimha, Sylvia Gugino, Paul Schumacker, Robin Steinhorn
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Inactivation of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) may increase oxidant stress, prevent the normal decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance at birth, and contribute to persis...
The Importance of Non-Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Michael Criqui
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Coronary atherosclerosis leading to coronary heart disease (CHD) is now responsible for the largest burden of morbid and mortal disease in developed countries, and this is increasing so in developing countries around the world. It is now well recognized that computed tomography (CT) scans can quantitatively assess coronary artery calcium (CAC), a direct marker of coronary atherosclerosis, and CAC can substantially aid in risk prediction of both CHD and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. Of course, this might be expected since CAC is actually a direct measure of coronary atherosclerosis, as opposed to a risk factor for CHD such as cigarette smoking or dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis is a generalized disease and as such also affects other arterial beds throughout the body. This observation raises the question as to whether measurement of atherosclerosis outside of the coronary arteries is of value in risk prediction or disease prognosis for CHD or CVD. Extensive research has shown that the answer is yes; that is, selected measurements of non-coronary atherosclerosis provide incremental and independent information beyond both standardized risk scores employing risk factors, as well as beyond measurement of CAC. Thus, measurements of non-coronary atherosclerosis, both subclinical and clinical, can aid in the prediction of, and determining prognosis for, CHD as well as other CVD events. The epidemiologic and clinical value of non-coronary atherosclerosis will be illustrated with data from research into four selected non-coronary atherosclerosis measures. These measures are the ankle-brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of the systolic blood pressure at the ankle to that in the arm; subclavian stenosis (SS), which is determined by a significant systolic blood pressure difference between the left and right arms; renal artery calcification (RAC) assessed by CT scan, and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) assessed by CT scan. Data to be presented come from both US and international studies, and will address the significance of these four measure both in persons without known CVD and in persons with a clinical diagnosis of CVD.