tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3041: Association of Urine Metabolites with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Peidi Zhou, Yueh-Ning Yang, Pascal Schlosser, Ron Hoogeveen, Christie Ballantyne, Bing Yu
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Circulating metabolites are associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer are two leading causes of mortality, providing complementary assessment of disease burden in addition to all-cause mortality. However, the role of urine markers in predicting the risk of mortality is understudied. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that urine metabolites are associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. Methods: Using the Nightingale platform, urine metabolite profiling was performed at the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study visit 5 (2011-13). Urine metabolite levels were probability quotient normalized. We conducted Cox proportional models on 42 urine metabolites with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, adjusting for traditional risk factors and kidney function. A metabolite risk score (MRS) was constructed using weights obtained from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Harrell’s C statistics was calculated to estimate the models’ predictive performance. Results: Over an average of 5 years of follow-up, 372, 113, and 85 all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality cases were developed among 1,350 participants (mean age: 75 years, 74% women, 35% Blacks). Seven and one urine metabolites were associated with all-cause and CVD mortality (FDR&lt;0.05, Figure.1). 4-deoxythreonate, a carboxylic acid found in foods, was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause (HR per SD: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) and CVD (HR per SD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80) mortality. The highest quartile of MRS, consisting of 13 and 5 selected urine metabolites, had about a three-fold and four-fold risk of all-cause and CVD mortality compared to the lowest quartile, respectively, and a graded effect across quartiles was observed (p for trend: p&lt;0.001, Figure.2). Adding seven significant urine metabolites improved all-cause mortality prediction by 4% over a traditional risk model (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: We identified urine metabolites associated with all-cause and CVD mortality, suggesting the potential of considering urine markers in clinical practice and for at-risk population identification.
Abstract P3150: Age-standardized trends in Incidence Rates of Noncommunicable diseases among Adults Aged 30 to 79 in Senegal from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Ngone GAYE, Mame Ka, Damaris Kyem, Modou Jobe, Elisabeth Sattler, Tiffany Gary-Webb, Bamba Gaye
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) represent a significant global health burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, most SSA countries lack reliable data despite the need for surveillance of NCD trends to inform targeted preventive strategies. Objective: To analyze trends over two decades in the incidence of NCD (cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases) among adults in Senegal Methods: Data were sourced from the WHO Health Inequality Data Repository data. Using the Cox-Stuart test for trend, we compared trends of age-standardized incidence of NCD (cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, and chronic kidney diseases) among adults aged 30-79 in Senegal from 2000 to 2019. Results: From 2000 to 2019, there was a non-significant increase in NCD incidence among adults in Senegal (p-value 0.08). The age-standardized incidence rate per 100,000 population increased steadily from 351,478 cases to 358,419 cases per 100,000 population from 2000 to 2019 (Figure 1). Incidence rates in females were consistently higher than in males. Rates in females increased from 190,856 cases to 194,619 cases per 100,000 population between 2000 and 2019 (p-value 0.33) as compared to 160,622 cases to 163,799 cases per 100,000 population in males (p-value 0.33). There were differences in the trends by sex among NCD subtypes (Figure 2). Incidence rates were higher in females for neoplasm (p-value 0.08), chronic respiratory diseases (p-value 0.08), and diabetes and chronic kidney diseases (p-value 0.08), while cardiovascular disease incidence was higher in males (p-value 0.08). Conclusion: There was a non-significant increase in age-standardized NCD incidence among adults in Senegal. Reliable epidemiological data, as well as targeted interventions focusing on risk factors, early detection, and access to quality health care, are crucial to improving health outcomes in Senegal.
Abstract P2074: The Association of Lipoprotein(a) with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events and All-cause Mortality in US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Alexandrina Danilov, Priscilla Duran Luciano, Yawen Yuan, Diana De Oliveira Gomes, J. Antonio Lopez, Shia Kent, John Booth, Leandro Slipczuk, Claudia Martinez, Robert Kaplan, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Bharat Thyagarajan, Santica Marcovina, Tamar Sofer, Martha Daviglus, Anurag Mehta, Ann Marie Navar, James Floyd, Fei Zou, Parag Joshi, Carlos Rodriguez
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). An Lp(a) threshold of ≥125 nmol/L is commonly used to identify those at higher risk, but there is paucity of data on Hispanic/Latino individuals. Methods: We evaluated the association between Lp(a) and myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke (IS), and all-cause mortality (ACM) among 16,117 self-identified Hispanic/Latino HCHS/SOL participants. Event rates were compared across Lp(a) quintiles and below/above median IQR. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models assessed the relationship between events and Lp(a) (log-transformed, per quintiles and above/below 125 nmol/L). Kaplan-Meier curves showed outcome-free survival across quintiles. Sampling weights and survey methods were used to accommodate the stratified probability sampling of the cohort. Results: Among HCHS/SOL participants (median age 41.1 years, 52.4% female), the median Lp(a) was 19.7 nmol/L (IQR 7.3-60.6), 11.4% had an Lp(a) over 125 nmol/L, and the highest quintile of Lp(a) was &gt;77 nmol/L. Over a median of 9.8 years, 883 events (135 MI, 99 stroke, 649 ACM) occurred. Incident MI and ACM, but not IS, occurred more often in those in the highest quintile of Lp(a) compared with other quintiles. In multivariable models, continuous log-transformed Lp(a) and categorial Lp(a) (fifth quintile) were independently associated with incident MI but not IS or ACM. Lp(a) ≥125 nmol/L was associated with a higher risk of both incident MI and ACM. Outcome-free survival was significantly lower for the highest Lp(a) quintiles, Figure 1. Conclusion: Hispanic/Latino individuals with elevated Lp(a) are at increased risk of MI and ACM. Although Lp(a) ≥125 nmol/L is a valid risk threshold, Hispanics/Latinos show an increased risk at a lower Lp(a) threshold.
Abstract P3157: Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Early Onset Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study and Meta-analysis.
Authors: Aishwarya Saravanan, Katherine Giorgio, Natalia Lakomski, Andrea Schneider, Barbara Olson-Bullis, Behnam Sabayan, Jim Pankow, Paul De Vries, Alexa Beiser, Abbas Dehghan, Elizabeth Peterson, Rachel Zmora, John Stephen, Denise Scholtens, Maxwell Mansolf, Lenore Launer, Richard Maclehose, Pamela Lutsey, Norrina Allen, Sanaz Sedaghat
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a recognized risk factor for late-onset dementia (LOD), though its specific association with early-onset dementia (EOD) (i.e., diagnosed before age 65) is less understood. This study examines the association between TBI, and the risk of developing EOD compared to LOD through a population-based cohort study. Additionally, a systematic review with meta-analysis examines the association between TBI and EOD. Hypothesis: TBI is a risk factor for developing EOD and this association between TBI and EOD is stronger than the association with LOD. Methods: We utilized data from 502,039 participants aged 40 - 69 years at recruitment from the UK Biobank and found that 16,959 people had TBI. Over a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 837 people were diagnosed with EOD, and 8948 with LOD. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for TBI's association with EOD and LOD using Cox proportional hazard models with TBI modeled as both a time-varying exposure and time-varying coefficient. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of existing studies of TBI and EOD, with pooled effect estimates generated via a random-effects model. Results: TBI was significantly associated with an increased risk of both EOD (HR: 3.3, 95% CI: 2.5-4.5) and LOD (HR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.3-2.7). The association was stronger for EOD compared to LOD (p-value: 0.05), especially in the case of moderate to severe TBI (p-value: 0.15) (Figure 1). A meta-analysis including 10 studies and the present study using UK Biobank, estimated a pooled effect estimate of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2-3.0), with effect estimates ranging from 0.7 to 5.4, for EOD associated with TBI, albeit with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 96%). Conclusion: This study underscores that TBI is associated with an increased risk of EOD, more so than LOD. These findings emphasize the need for targeted preventive strategies and interventions for individuals with a history of TBI to mitigate or delay dementia onset.
Abstract P2070: Cardiovascular Health among Adults of African Heritage in the Groceries for Black Residents of Boston to Stop Hypertension (GoFresh) Program
Authors: Kathleen Timolien, Marian Budu, Ruth Zeto, Stephen Juraschek, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: The American Heart Association’s Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) metrics offer a comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular well-being. However, it is unknown how these metrics differ among Black adults of African heritage recruited for a lifestyle intervention to improve cardiovascular health. Objective: To explore differences in LE8 metrics across different African heritage groups in the GoFresh Trial. Methods: We used screening data from the GoFresh Trial, two randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern on blood pressure after 12 weeks in adults living in Boston with and without treated hypertension. We examined cardiovascular health across African Heritage groups as assessed by the LE8 metrics. The LE8 metrics include the following components: diet quality, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep duration, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The main predictor was African heritage group (African, Caribbean, and African American). We used linear regression to examine differences in cardiovascular health by African Heritage Group, adjusting for age, sex. Results: We examined data from 427 Black persons, 67% were female and the mean age (±SD) was 52 (±4) years. We observed variations in cardiovascular health metrics across African heritage groups. Persons identifying as African American generally showed lower scores for the LE8 metrics. Blood pressure and BMI scores were significantly lower for persons identifying as African American compared to those of African and Caribbean heritage. Caribbean participants exhibited the best sleep scores ( Table ). Conclusion: Significant differences in Life’s Essential 8 metrics were observed among Black adults of various African heritage backgrounds in the GoFresh Trial. The observed differences between the African heritage groups, underscore the importance of tailored interventions. These findings can guide the development of more effective, culturally sensitive strategies to improve cardiovascular health in these diverse populations, taking into account heritage.
Abstract P1092: Preclinical Heart Failure Risk of Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obese Adults in Hispanic/Latino Adults.
Authors: Mason Krueger, Maria Llabre, Neil Schneiderman, Robert Kaplan, Carlos Rodriguez, Martha Daviglus, Jianwen Cai, Susan Cheng, Mayank Kansal, Ayana April-Sanders, Gregory Talavera, Barry Hurwitz
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Intro: People with obesity who are metabolically healthy (MHO) have lower CVD and HF incidence compared to those with obesity and unhealthy metabolic risk factors (MOU), but higher risk than those with normal weight and metabolic healthy profiles (MHNW). However, it is unclear whether there are differences in left ventricle (LV) cardiovascular functioning/structure associated with early-stage HF (i.e., preclinical HF) risk among various metabolic health-body mass phenotypes within the Hispanic/Latino population. Therefore, the current study assessed preclinical HF risk in persons classified as Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obese (MH-OW/OB) compared with MUO and MHNW, who were enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and ancillary Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL). Methods: Data were derived from the HCHS/SOL&amp;ECHO-SOL visit 2 ( n = 2082, M age = 54.5 years old, 51.2% women). Metabolic health was defined as having none of the following: elevated fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, insulin resistance, low HDL cholesterol and or use of medication for any of the elevated criteria (e.g., hypertension medication). Body Mass was assessed via BMI categories. Preclinical HF was defined as evidence of LV diastolic/systolic dysfunction and or LV hypertrophy measured via echocardiography. Weighted logistic regression assessed preclinical HF risk between MH-OW/OB vs MUO, and MH-OW/OB vs MHNW while controlling age, sex, field center, heritage, years living in US, and time since last visit (years between visit 1 and visit 2). Study design features were incorporated in planned logistic regression analyses. Results: Of the population, 329.1 were MH-OW/OB, 1088.1 were MUO, and 154.1 were MHNW (weighted counts). Weighted logistic regression analyses indicated that MH-OW/OB had lower risk of preclinical HF compared with MUO persons [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12-0.54]. Notably, MH-OW/OB persons were not significantly different in preclinical HF risk compared with MHNW persons [OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 0.58-6.22]. Conclusion: Results suggest that the MH-OW/OB classification may not confer added risk of preclinical HF compared to MHNW. However, findings indicate that MH-OW/OB has lower preclinical HF risk compared with MUO. Additional research is needed to determine if changes in cardiac structure/function are linked with adipocyte physiology that may underlie HF pathophysiology within the Hispanic/Latino population.
Abstract P2062: Differences in Social Determinants of Health among African American, African, and Caribbean participants in the Groceries for Black Residents of Boston to Stop Hypertension (GoFresh) Trials
Authors: Marian Budu, Hannah Col, Sarah Nartey, Ruth Zeto, Stephen Juraschek, Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: While it is known that adverse social determinants of health (SDOH) disproportionately affect Black persons in the United States (US), it is increasingly recognized that this group is heterogeneous. Nevertheless, there is limited research characterizing differences in SDOH across distinct Black heritage groups, specifically, those that report African American, African, and Afro Caribbean heritage. Greater understanding of these differences is critical for the development of effective interventions to address adverse SDOH. Objective: To characterize differences in SDOH across three Black ethnic groups using screening data from two community-based trials. Methods: The GoFresh Trials are two randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern on blood pressure after 12 weeks in adults with and without treated hypertension living in Boston. SDOH characteristics in GoFresh were assessed in the following categories: demographics characteristics (including car and home ownership, income, educational levels), social needs (via the AHC Health-Related Social Needs Scale), perceived stress levels (via the PSS-4 instrument), and discrimination (via the Krieger Discrimination Scale). We used age- and sex- adjusted models to compare SDOH across the three ethnic heritage groups. Results: Of 1,600 screened participants; 72% were female. The mean age (±SD) was 45 years (±16). Persons identifying as African American were 4.65 times more likely to report discrimination at school and 0.2 times less likely to face discrimination when receiving services compared to Africans. Africans were 0.39 (0.18, 0.78) and 0.57(0.35, 0.95) less likely to have a PCP compared to African Americans and Afro Caribbeans respectively. There were no differences in food security and income levels among the three groups. Conclusion: Persons identifying as African American are more likely to report experiences of discrimination at schools compared to African and Caribbean persons. Discrimination affects the different Black ethnic heritage groups to varying degrees. These differences in SDOH highlight the importance of awareness of these differences as they have implications to provision of care.
Abstract P3038: Height Shortening from Midlife to Late-life and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Outcomes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Ethan Thio, Xiao Hu, Yejin Mok, Patricia Chang, Jennifer Schrack, B Gwen Windham, Kunihiro Matsushita
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Studies have suggested that height shortening over a few decades may be associated with adverse health outcomes, but its association with subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Hypothesis: Height shortening over ~25 years is heterogeneous across individuals and greater shortening is independently associated with incident CVD. Methods: We characterized height shortening from age 44 to 90 with mixed-effects models for 15,672 men and women using data from ARIC visit 1 (N=15,774, age 44-66 years in 1987-89) through visit 5 (N=6,520, age 66-90 years in 2011-13) after excluding 102 participants with outliers of height shortening (defined as &gt;3 SD ). Then, we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to quantify associations between measured height shortening from visit 1 to visit 5 with subsequent risk of CVD (coronary heart disease [178 cases], stroke [173 cases], and heart failure [299 cases]) and all-cause mortality (1,012 deaths) over a mean follow-up of 8.3 years among 3,858 participants free of CVD at visit 5. CVD outcomes were adjudicated by physician panels. Results: Estimated height shortening from age 44 to 90 was greater in women than men (-6.7 cm vs. -6.2 cm), despite their lower average height (162.3 cm vs 176.1 cm) at visit 1. Height shortening from visit 1 to visit 5 over ~25 years ranged from +3 (increase) to -9 cm across our study population. There was a dose-response relationship between greater height shortening and all outcomes of interest except stroke, independent of demographics and traditional CVD risk factors (Table). Coronary heart disease had the strongest association with height shortening (hazard ratio in Model 2, 2.11 [95%CI 1.40-3.10] for Q4, 1.71 [1.12-2.61] for Q3, and 1.19 [0.78-1.80] for Q2 vs. Q1). Conclusions: Height declines on average ~6-7 cm from age 44 to 90 in men and women, and greater height shortening is independently associated with higher risk of CVD and mortality. Our results support the use of height shortening as a health parameter for gauging CVD risk.
Abstract P2066: Measured Raised Blood Pressure, Its Awareness and Control in the Adult Population: the Italian Health Examination Survey 2023-2024 - CUORE Project
Authors: BENEDETTA MARCOZZI, Cinzia Lo Noce, Anna Di Lonardo, Serena Vannucchi, cecilia damiano, Alessandra Cardinale, DANIELA GALEONE, Paolo Bellisario, Luigi Palmieri, Chiara Donfrancesco
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Raised blood pressure (RBP) constitutes a leading cause of premature death and disability worldwide, since it significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, dementia and blindness. The WHO recommends a 25% relative reduction in the prevalence of RBP by 2025, considering 2010 as baseline. Hypothesis: In order to monitor the achievement of this target, prevalence of RBP and mean blood pressure were measured in the Italian general adult population within periodic health examination surveys (HESs) conducted within the CUORE Project. Methods: In 2023 a new HES started including, up to now, data from random samples of residents aged 35-74 years (1,216 men, 1,235 women) in 12 Regions (of 20 regions) distributed in North, Centre and South of Italy. Blood pressure was measured at the right arm, in sitting position, by automated oscillometric device using standardized procedures and methods; the average of two measurements performed within 1-minute interval was used for the analysis. RBP was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg. The survey is implemented with the technical and financial support of the Ministry of Health - National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Results: Preliminary analysis shows that prevalence of RBP is 37% (95% Confidence Interval -95% CI: 32-42%) in men and 23% (95% CI: 19-28%) in women. Mean value of systolic blood pressure is 135 mmHg (95% CI: 134-136 mmHg) in men and 126 mmHg (95% CI: 125-127 mmHg) in women. Mean value of diastolic blood pressure is 80 mmHg (95% CI: 79-81 mmHg) in men and 75 mmHg (95% CI: 75-76 mmHg) in women. Among those with RBP and/or in treatment (49% of men and 37% of women), 36% of men and 31% women are unaware they could have BP control problems, 9% and 9% are aware but not in treatment, 24% and 37% are under treatment and at target, 30% and 23% are under treatment but not at target, respectively. Conclusions: These preliminary data underline that RBP is still high in the Italian adult population. Significant reductions in RBP prevalence occurred in comparison to previous HES data, 20% from 25 years ago, about 10% from 15 year ago, while a stable trend was found in comparison to 5 years ago. Improvements on RBP awareness and control are still necessary.