tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EANO guideline on molecular testing of meningiomas for targeted therapy selection
Authors: Felix Sahm, Luca Bertero, Sebastian Brandner, David Capper, Roland Goldbrunner, Michael D Jenkinson, Michel Kalamarides, Katrin Lamszus, Nathalie L Albert, Maximilian J Mair, Anna S Berghoff, Christian Mawrin, Hans-Georg Wirsching, Sybren L N Maas, David R Raleigh, Guido Reifenberger, Leonille Schweizer, Abigail K Suwala, Ghazaleh Tabatabai, Emeline Tabouret, Susan Short, Patrick Y Wen, Michael Weller, Emilie Le Rhun, Pieter Wesseling, Martin van den Bent, Matthias Preusser
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2024)

Abstract Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors of adults. For meningiomas that progress or recur despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, additional treatment options are limited due to a lack of proven efficacy. Meningiomas show recurring molecular aberrations, which may serve as predictive markers for systemic pharmacotherapies with targeted drugs or immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or radioligand therapy. Here, we review the evidence for a predictive role of a wide range of molecular alterations and markers including NF2, AKT1, SMO, SMARCE1, PIK3CA, CDKN2A/B, CDK4/6, TERT, TRAF7, BAP1, KLF4, ARID1/2, SUFU, PD-L1, SSTR2A, PR/ER, mTOR, VEGF(R), PDGFR, as well as homologous recombination deficiency, genomic copy number variations, DNA methylation classes, and combined gene expression profiles. In our assessment based on the established ESMO ESCAT (European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets) evidence-level criteria, no molecular target reached ESCAT I (“ready for clinical use”) classification, and only mTOR pathway activation and NF2 alterations reached ESCAT II (“investigational”) classification, respectively. Our evaluations may guide targeted therapy selection in clinical practice and clinical trial efforts and highlight areas for which additional research is warranted.
Cenerimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (CARE): an international, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Anca D Askanase, David D'Cruz, Kenneth Kalunian, Joan T Merrill, Sandra V Navarra, Clélia Cahuzac, Peter Cornelisse, Mark J Murphy, Daniel S Strasser, Luba Trokan, Ouali Berkani
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2024)
Successful closure of a duodenal stump leak with an over-the-scope clip using double-balloon endoscope
Authors: Toru Kuwano, Shunji Shimaoka, Hirotake Kusumoto, Hideyuki Kishita, Tsutomu Sakiyama, Shinya Yamamoto, Yu Horikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

A 62-year-old man with a history of distal gastrectomy and Billroth I reconstruction for gastric cancer was diagnosed with early gastric cancer in the remnant stomach, necessitating endoscopic submucosal dissection. On postoperative day 1, the patient experienced sudden-onset abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated free air and mediastinitis, indicating a delayed perforation. Total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, irrigation, and drainage was subsequently performed.
Thyroidectomy without radioiodine in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer: 5 years of follow-up of the prospective randomised ESTIMABL2 trial
Authors: Sophie Leboulleux, Claire Bournaud, Cecile N Chougnet, Livia Lamartina, Slimane Zerdoud, Christine Do Cao, Bogdan Catargi, Inna Dygai, Antony Kelly, Marie-Luce Barge, Pierre Vera, Daniela Rusu, Olivier Schneegans, Julie Roux, Perrine Raymond, Danielle Benisvy, Marie-Claude Eberle, Sophie Bidault, Camila Nascimento, Delphine Bastie, Anne-Laure Giraudet, Stéphane Bardet, Nathalie Le Moullec, Nathalie Roudaut, Delphine Drui, Yann Godbert, Mohamad Zalzali, Anne Drutel, Olivier Morel, Fritz-Line Velayoudom, Abir Al Ghuzlan, Martin Schlumberger, Camille Buffet, Isabelle Borget
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2024)
Biliary cannulation of a peridiverticular papilla using multiloop traction in a patient with Roux-en-Y anatomy
Authors: Kumi Itami, Kosuke Iwano, Shujiro Yazumi
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Post-surgical altered anatomy is a hurdle for biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [1]. The innovative multiloop traction method has been described for difficult biliary cannulation because of periampullary diverticula [2] [3]. We report successful biliary cannulation using the multiloop method with double-balloon ERCP for a peridiverticular papilla.
Successful biliary biopsy in a patient with surgically altered anatomy using a slim peroral cholangioscope via an endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage fistula
Authors: Noriyuki Hirakawa, Takayoshi Tsuchiya, Ryosuke Tonozuka, Shuntaro Mukai, Kenjiro Yamamoto, Takao Itoi
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be performed in patients with surgically altered anatomy using a balloon-assisted enteroscope. However, postoperative adhesions and unique anatomical characteristics result in lower technical success rates, ranging from 75.8% to 94% [1] [2] [3]. Recently, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been used after unsuccessful transpapillary biliary drainage attempts [4] [5]. Nevertheless, obtaining a biopsy through an EUS-BD fistula remains technically challenging. This report presents a case where distal cholangiocarcinoma was diagnosed macroscopically and pathologically using a slim peroral cholangioscope (eyeMAX; Micro-Tech Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) via an EUS-BD fistula.
Enhanced immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 variants KP.3.1.1 and XEC through N-terminal domain mutations
Authors: Jingyi Liu, Yuanling Yu, Fanchong Jian, Sijie Yang, Weiliang Song, Peng Wang, Lingling Yu, Fei Shao, Yunlong Cao
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)
Colonoscopy preparation adequacy in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist users: the jury is still out
Authors: Carol A. Burke, Harish K. Gagneja
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Colonoscopy is a common procedure. In 2013 an estimated 14 million colonoscopies were performed in the USA, with 80% performed for colorectal cancer screening [1]. The effectiveness, accuracy, and safety of colonoscopy is incumbent on a variety of factors codified by professional organizations as key performance indicators. It is recommended that adequate bowel preparation, one of the most important quality metrics, is attained in ≥90% of patients, and this is endorsed in both the European and US guidelines [2] [3]. Inadequate bowel preparation (IBP) has been demonstrated in 15 %–35 % of colonoscopies and varies by the medical setting and patient population, ultimately negatively impacting other quality metrics including the adenoma detection and cecal intubation rates, while lengthening the procedure time, reducing surveillance intervals, and increasing costs. A few of the known factors associated with IBP include diabetes, obesity, gastroparesis and other motility disorders, constipation, and medications such as anticholinergics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel and angiotensin receptor blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and opiates, to name a few.
Osteoprotegerin, Osteopontin, and Osteocalcin Are Associated With Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From EXSCEL
Authors: Ernesto Maddaloni, Maggie Nguyen, Svati H. Shah, Rury R. Holman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of four bone metabolism biomarkers (osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, sclerostin, and osteocalcin) with cardiovascular events in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) was a randomized clinical trial evaluating the cardiovascular (CV) safety and efficacy of once-weekly exenatide for patients with T2D. Candidate biomarker data were selected from proteomic profiling performed at baseline and 12 months after randomization samples by SomaScan assay in 5,473 trial participants. The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke (major cardiovascular events [MACE]). Cox proportional hazards models controlling for confounders were used for time-to-event analyses to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI for a 1 SD increase in the biomarker concentrations. RESULTS The primary outcome occurred in 813 participants (14.9%). Higher levels of osteoprotegerin (HR 1.11; 95% CI 1.03–1.20; P = 0.0047) and osteopontin (HR 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.18; P = 0.0095) were associated with an increased risk of MACE. The addition of osteoprotegerin and osteopontin to a clinical predictive model containing traditional CV risk factors provided minimal incremental value for MACE prediction (C-index 0.629 vs. 0.638; likelihood ratio test P &amp;lt; 0.001). Osteocalcin and sclerostin were not associated with MACE. Osteocalcin had a nonlinear association with all-cause death and with CV death. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of osteoprotegerin and osteopontin are associated with an increased risk of CV events in people with T2D, supporting the hypothesis that pathways involved in bone metabolism play a role in CV disease.
Postembryonic Maintenance of Nephron Progenitor Cells with Low Translational Activity in the Chondrichthyan Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Yasmine Lund-Ricard, Julien Calloch, Virginie Glippa, Sam Vandenplas, Ann Huysseune, P. Eckhard Witten, Julia Morales, Agnès Boutet
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points Unlike mammals, chondrichthyan species exhibit postembryonic nephrogenesis, where new nephrons are continuously added in the kidney. Nephron progenitor cells in catsharks display slow cycling property, akin to other somatic stem cells, indicating their potential for tissue renewal and regeneration. Molecular analysis suggests a potential link between protein synthesis rate and nephron progenitor cell maintenance. Background While adult mammals are unable to grow new nephrons, cartilaginous fish kidneys display nephrogenesis throughout life. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) within the kidney of the catshark ( Scyliorhinus canicula ). Methods We used branched DNA in situ hybridization to analyze markers expressed in catshark NPCs. Bromodesoxyuridine pulse-chase labeling was also performed to test whether NPCs are slow-cycling cells. To question the mechanisms allowing NPC maintenance in the catshark postembryonic kidney, we measured global protein synthesis rates using in vivo OP-puromycin incorporation. We also investigated the expression of two targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, an important signaling pathway for translation initiation. Results We found that NPCs express molecular markers previously identified in mice and teleost embryonic NPCs, such as the transcription factors Six2, Pax2, and Wt1. At postembryonic stages, these NPCs are integrated into a specific nephrogenic area of the kidney and contain slow-cycling cells. We also evidenced that NPCs have lower protein synthesis levels than the differentiated cells present in forming nephrons. Such transition from low to high translation rates has been previously observed in several populations of vertebrate stem cells as they undergo differentiation. Finally, we reported the phosphorylation of two targets of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, p4E-BP1 and pS6K1, in catshark differentiated epithelial cells but not in the NPCs. Conclusions This first molecular analysis of NPCs in a chondrichthyan species indicates that translation rate increases in NPCs as they differentiate into epithelial cells of the nephron.
Kidney Insights
Authors: Peter Stenvinkel, Paul G. Shiels, Peter Kotanko, Pieter Evenepoel, Richard J. Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Planetary health encompasses the understanding that the long-term well-being of humanity is intrinsically linked to the health of global ecological systems. Unfortunately, current practices often overlook this principle, leading to a human-oriented (anthropocentric) worldview that has resulted in heightened greenhouse gas emissions, increased heat stress, lack of access to clean water, and pollution, threatening both the environment and health and survival of Homo sapiens and countless other species. One significant consequence of these environmental changes is the exacerbation of inflammatory and oxidative stressors, which not only contributes to common lifestyle diseases but also accelerates the aging process. We advocate for a shift away from our current anthropocentric frameworks to an approach that focuses on nature's solutions that developed from natural selection over the eons. This approach, which encompasses the field of biomimicry, may provide insights that can help protect against an inflammatory phenotype to mitigate physiological and cellular senescence and provide a buffer against environmental stressors. Gaining insights from how animals have developed ingenious approaches to combat adversity through the evolutionary process of natural selection not only provides solutions for climate change but also confronts the rising burden of lifestyle diseases that accumulate with age.
First Successful In-Human Application of 225Ac-DOTA-LM3 Mono-PRRT for the Treatment of an Otherwise Therapy-Resistant Neuroendocrine Tumor (NET G3)
Authors: Tilman Speicher, Caroline Burgard, Moritz Bastian, Florian Rosar, Mark Bartholomä, Stephan Maus, Samer Ezziddin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We present a case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with metastasized small bowl NET G3 with high hepatic tumor burden and highly glucometabolic (FDG-avid) disease. In the postchemotherapy setting with progressive disease, the patient underwent PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate and 225Ac-DOTA-octreotate initially resulting in stable disease. In a novel approach, 225Ac-DOTA-LM3 (somatostatin receptor antagonist) was administered, leading to a favorable treatment response in the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan. This interesting image illustrates the promising antitumor potential of alpha-sst2 antagonist PRRT with 225Ac-DOTA-LM3, and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first documented evidence of superiority over standard alpha-PRRT from intraindividual comparison.
Widespread 18F-FDG Uptake in Osseous Tuberculosis Without Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Yuan Feng, Xiaoli Lan, Xiao Zhang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 30-year-old man with a 5-month history of lumbar pain was hospitalized due to worsening pain and restricted mobility. CT and MRI scans indicated multiple vertebral destructions, prompting further assessment with 18 F-FDG PET/CT. PET/CT imaging showed widespread and avid 18 F-FDG uptake in the bones, mainly in the vertebrae. No other suspicious lesions were detected. Pathology subsequently confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . This case illustrates 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging of osseous tuberculosis, characterized by widespread 18 F-FDG accumulation without pulmonary tuberculosis.
An Unexpected Mediastinal Fibrosis Case Detected and Evaluated of Treatment Response With 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Elife Akgun, Meryem Kaya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract IgG4-releated disease is systemic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the affected tissue. Mediastinal fibrosis, which is also known as fibrosing mediastinitis, is a rare form of IgG4-releated disease. We present a case of mediastinal and retroperitoneal fibrosis in 52-year-old man who was detected with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
HER2-Targeted Affibody Molecule 99mTc-ABH2 for Imaging HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiaona Jin, Yuwei Zhang, Xi Cao, Peipei Wang, Chao Ren, Jiong Cai, Xuefei Wang, Hongli Jing, Qiang Sun, Fang Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Accuracy in in vivo assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) status is crucial for predicting the response to HER2-targeted therapies in breast cancer. This study assessed the safety, feasibility, and diagnostic accuracy of 99mTc-ABH2, a reengineered affibody molecule with radionuclide labeling, for HER2 expression in breast cancer using SPECT/CT imaging, compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Re-Rechallenge 177Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Piyush Aggarwal, Vinisha Gunasekaran, Ashwani Sood, Narendra Kumar, Yogesh Rathore, Rajender Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract 177 Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy has been US Food and Drug Administration–approved safe and effective treatment modality for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, usually administered in 4 to 6 cycles at 6 to 8 weeks apart. Many patients achieve partial response or stable disease with biochemical response after treatment. However, these effects are usually short-lived, and patients ultimately show disease progression after a median period of 6 to 9 months. Rechallenge therapy appears to be safe and effective treatment modality in such patients. We show the clinical efficacy and safety of re-rechallenge 177 Lu-PSMA radioligand therapy in a 64-year-old man with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with disease progression on multiple lines of hormonal and chemotherapy treatment.
FDG PET/CT in a Case of Metastasizing Pleomorphic Adenoma in the Ilium
Authors: Zhengguang Xiao, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang, Weiwu Yao, Yushu Bai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Although pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands are benign tumors, they can metastasize to distant organs without evidence of malignant transformation. We describe FDG PET/CT finding in a case of metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma in the right ilium occurring 22 years after initial surgical resection of a lip pleomorphic adenoma. On FDG PET/CT, the iliac metastasis appeared as an expansile osteolytic lesion with heterogeneous activity. This case indicates that metastasizing pleomorphic adenoma, although rare, should be included in the differential diagnosis of FDG-avid osteolytic bone lesions in patients with a history of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma.
Efficacy and Safety of 177Lu-DOTA-IBA in Tumor Bone Metastasis Treatment
Authors: Tingting Xu, Yudi Wang, Guangfu Liu, Hongmei Li, Gengcuo Qu, Xiaoling Zhang, Wei Wang, Naiguo Xing, Qingchu Hua, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA for pain palliation in participants with bone metastases and confirm its potential for treating bone metastasis. Patients and Methods Overall, 69 participants with bone metastases were included. 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT was performed within 1 week before treatment. Vital signs, blood markers, electrocardiogram, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and pain scores were evaluated within 7 days before treatment. Postadministration of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA, participants’ vital signs and general conditions were monitored. Follow-up evaluations of KPS, pain scores, and blood biomarkers were performed within 8 weeks. 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT was repeated to evaluate imaging responses at 8 weeks. Imaging responses were defined as complete response, partial response, stable disease, and disease progression. Subsequent treatments were administered based on participants’ agreement and clinical conditions. Results Sixty-nine participants received at least 1 dose of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA treatment; 22 received 38 reinjected doses, totaling 107 treatments. The median injection dose of 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA was 1110 MBq. The pain remission rates after first treatment, retreatment, and total treatment were 82.5%, 72.4%, and 79.3%, respectively. The improvement rates in KPS for first treatment, retreatment, and total treatment were 81.3%, 60.6%, and 74.2%, respectively. The total incidence of the pain flare reaction (temporary aggravation of pain intensity after treatment) was 16.8%. Comparative analysis of 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA PET/CT showed a 27.1% rate of partial response imaging response. The total incidence of adverse hematological events was 15%. Conclusions 177 Lu-DOTA-IBA is a promising bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical with a considerable pain relief rate and safety. It also can benefit some participants with bone metastases in imaging response.
Head-to-Head Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in Recurrent Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Emine Goknur Isik, Duygu Has Simsek, Nurdan Gul, Sukru Mehmet Erturk, Fikret Buyukkaya, Ozlem Soyluk Selcukbiricik, Ahmet Yalin Iscan, Zeynep Gözde Özkan, Yasemin Sanli, Ayse Mudun, Serkan Kuyumcu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-FAPI-04 (FAPI) in comparison to 68Ga-DOTATATE (SSTR) PET/CT for patients presenting with recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Sixteen MTC patients with elevated calcitonin levels (>150 pg/mL) underwent FAPI and SSTR PET/CT. Two nuclear medicine physicians evaluated all images, categorizing lesions into locoregional metastases, mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs), liver, and bone metastases. SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio were recorded. PET modalities were compared using the McNemar test. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FAPI and SSTR PET were calculated. The cohort comprised 16 patients (50% female; mean age 50 ± 17 years). Median calcitonin and CEA levels were 6234 pg/mL and 17.3 ng/mL, respectively. In patient-based analysis, SSTR exhibited higher diagnostic sensitivity compared with FAPI (88% vs 81%), resulting a statistically significant difference (P = 0.004). Mean SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio values were 10.3 and 5.35 for FAPI, and 9.7 and 11.9 for SSTR PET, respectively. In lesion-based analyses, FAPI demonstrated higher accuracy than SSTR for cervical LNs (91.9% vs 50%), mediastinal LNs (94.9% vs 54.4%), and liver metastases (57.4% vs 7.3%), respectively. Notably, 31% of patients (n = 5) with FAP-expressing liver lesions showed no uptake on SSTR imaging. MRI confirmed liver metastases in 3 of these patients; however, 2 FAP-expressing lesions were confirmed as hemangiomas. False-positive findings of DOTA primarily included reactive LNs and bone hemangiomas. FAPI PET presents promising outcomes in detecting metastases in recurrent MTC patients. Although its diagnostic performance matches SSTR on a per-patient basis, FAPI PET exhibits superior sensitivity and accuracy in lesion-based analyses, notably for liver and bone metastases.
Lymphoscintigraphy for the Evaluation of Primary Lymphedema
Authors: Roberto C. Delgado Bolton, Adriana K. Calapaquí Terán, Ludmila Santiago Almeida, Giorgio Treglia, Francesco Giammarile
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract The diagnostic workup of primary lymphedema includes lymphoscintigraphy, a diagnostic test that provides objective data derived from the characteristics of the lymphatic flow and the lymphatic nodes. Several empirical scoring systems have been proposed with the aim of harmonizing the procedure. Here we comment the latest one, reflecting on the relevance of these tools to make possible multicenter research, based on intraobserver and interobserver reliability with the aim to, in the long run, improve patient outcomes.