tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Updated Insights on Childhood Diabetes Epidemiology 2019-2021 and Projections to 2045
Authors: Chengxia Kan, Kexin Zhang, Fang Han, Ningning Hou, Xiaodong Sun
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines global childhood diabetes trends to guide health care policies, resource allocation, and targeted interventions.
Incidence Rates of Dementia—What Can They Tell Us?
Authors: Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Claire Godard-Sebillotte, MD, PhD; Sanjna Navani, MSc; Louis Rochette, MSc; Victoria Massamba, MPH; Éric Pelletier, MSc; Edeltraut Kröger, PhD; Isabelle Vedel, MD, PhD
Dementia Incidence in Quebec Over 20 Years
Authors: Claire Godard-Sebillotte, Sanjna Navani, Louis Rochette, Victoria Massamba, Éric Pelletier, Edeltraut Kröger, Isabelle Vedel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cross-sectional study examines the incidence of dementia from 2003 to 2023 in Quebec, Canada.
Elective Surgery for People With HIV With Low CD4 Cell Count
Authors: Amalia Aldredge, Clifford Gunthel, Anandi N. Sheth
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

This case report describes a man in his 60s with hypertension, deep vein thrombosis, and a recent diagnosis of HIV presented with low CD4 cell count after starting antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir alafenamide-emtricitabine-bictegravir.
Addressing Unanswered Questions in Lung Cancer Survivorship Care—Home-Based Physical Activity After Surgery
Authors: Brett C. Bade, Catherine M. Alfano
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Catherine L. Granger, PhD; Lara Edbrooke, PhD; Phillip Antippa, MBBS; Gavin Wright, PhD; Christine F. McDonald, PhD; Diana Zannino, MSc; Shaza Abo, PhD; Meinir Krishnasamy, PhD; Louis Irving, MBBS; Karen E. Lamb, PhD; Georgina Whish-Wilson, BPTAdvRes(Hons); Linda Denehy, PhD; Selina M. Parry, PhD
Smartphone App–Based Contingency Management and Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Elise N. Marino, Tara Karns-Wright, Matthew C. Perez, Jennifer S. Potter
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Opioid use disorder continues to be a national crisis, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Medication is the only evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder; however, improving clinical outcomes may require augmenting it with psychosocial interventions, such as contingency management (CM), specifically, smartphone app–based CM. Objective To evaluate whether augmenting medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with app-based CM is associated with fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment and greater retention than treatment with MOUD only. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used data from November 1, 2020, to November 30, 2023, collected from opioid treatment programs and office-based opioid treatment programs across Texas. The cohort included individuals aged 18 years or older who were uninsured or underinsured and who chose to receive MOUD only or MOUD plus CM delivered via the WEconnect smartphone app. Participants who chose to receive app-based CM received monetary incentives upon achieving their self-chosen recovery goals. Exposure Opioid use disorder. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary analyses examined differences in treatment outcomes (self-reported days of opioid use at the end of treatment and retention) between patients who chose MOUD only and those who chose MOUD plus app-based CM. Linear regression analysis was used to examine days of opioid use at the end of treatment, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to examine retention. Results The analytic sample comprised 600 individuals (mean [SD] age, 38.4 [8.6] years; 342 male [57.0%]), with 300 included in each treatment group. Those who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM reported significantly fewer days of opioid use at the end of treatment compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 8.4 [12.9] vs 12.0 [13.5] days; β = −6.10; 95% CI, −8.09 to −4.10). Retention analysis showed that patients who chose to receive MOUD plus app-based CM were significantly more likely to stay in treatment longer compared with those who chose to receive MOUD only (mean [SD] duration, 290.2 [109.4] vs 236.1 [128.1] days; β = 51.91; 95% CI, 33.86 to 69.95). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that augmenting MOUD with app-based CM may provide clinical benefits for underserved patients. Expanding the availability of app-based CM may contribute to decreasing the societal, economic, and personal burden of opioid use.
Clinical Actionability of Genetic Findings in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Sara A. Lewis, Maya Chopra, Julie S. Cohen, Jennifer M. Bain, Bhooma Aravamuthan, Jason B. Carmel, Michael C. Fahey, Reeval Segel, Richard F. Wintle, Michael Zech, Halie May, Nahla Haque, Darcy Fehlings, Siddharth Srivastava, Michael C. Kruer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Single gene variants can cause cerebral palsy (CP) phenotypes, yet the impact of genetic diagnosis on CP clinical management has not been systematically evaluated. Objective To evaluate how frequently genetic testing results would prompt changes in care for individuals with CP and the clinical utility of precision medicine therapies. Data Sources Published pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in OMIM genes identified with exome sequencing in clinical (n = 1345) or research (n = 496) cohorts of CP were analyzed. A systematic literature review for evidence of effective therapies for specific genetic etiologies was performed. Study Selection Nonstandard interventions that led to a detectable improvement in a defined outcome in individuals with variants in the gene of interest were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Literature was evaluated using PRISMA guidelines. A diverse, expert working group was established, scoring rubrics adapted, and scoring consensus built with a modified Delphi approach. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall clinical utility was calculated from metrics assessing outcome severity if left untreated, safety and practicality of the intervention, and anticipated intervention efficacy on a scale from 0 to 3. Results Of 1841 patients with CP who underwent exome sequencing, 502 (27%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants related to their phenotype. A total of 243 different genes were identified. In 1841 patients with identified genetic etiologies of CP, 140 (8%) had a genetic etiology classified as actionable, defined as prompting a change in clinical management. Also identified were 58 of 243 genes with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants with actionable treatment options: 16 targeting the primary disease mechanism, 16 with specific prevention strategies, and 26 with specific symptom management. The level of evidence was also graded according to ClinGen criteria; 45 of 101 interventions (44.6%) had evidence class D or below. The potential interventions have clinical utility with 98 of 101 outcomes (97%) being moderate-high severity if left untreated and 63 of 101 interventions (62%) predicted to be of moderate-high efficacy. Most interventions (72 of 101 [71%]) were considered moderate-high safety and practicality. Conclusions and Relevance The findings indicate that actionable genetic findings occurred in 8% of individuals referred for genetic testing with CP. Evaluation of potential efficacy, outcome severity, and intervention safety and practicality indicates moderate-high clinical utility of these genetic findings. Genetic sequencing can identify precision medicine interventions that provide clinical benefit to individuals with CP. The relatively limited evidence base underscores the need for additional research.
Adult Work Ability Following Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in Childhood
Authors: Salini Mohanty, Urban Johansson Kostenniemi, Sven Arne Silfverdal, Stina Salomonsson, Federico Iovino, Goran Bencina, Eleana Tsoumani, Gustaf Bruze
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in childhood can lead to permanent neurological disabilities. Few studies have examined long-term consequences for work ability in adulthood. Objective To compare earnings, work loss, and educational attainment between adults diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood and population comparators. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide registry-based matched cohort study included individuals in Sweden diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood (aged &amp;amp;lt;18 years) from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 2019, and general population comparators matched 1:9 on age, sex, and place of residence. Follow-up was completed December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed from February 7 to September 12, 2023. Exposure A diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in childhood recorded in the National Patient Register. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual taxable earnings (in 2020 US dollars), work loss (sum of sick leave and disability insurance), and educational attainment. Results The cohort included 2534 individuals diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 4.7 [5.3] years) and 22 806 comparators (13 510 [53.3%] male). Among those with childhood bacterial meningitis, 812 (32.0%) were diagnosed at younger than 1 year and 1351 (53.3%) were male. From 18 to 34 years of age, those with childhood meningitis had lower adjusted earnings relative to comparators and higher adjusted work loss. When pooling observations for individuals 28 years or older, the annual mean reduction in earnings was −$1295 (95% CI, −$2587 to −$4), representing a 4.0% (95% CI, 0%-8.0%) reduction relative to comparators, and the annual increase in work loss was 13.5 (95% CI, 8.6-18.5) days. There was a larger reduction in earnings for those with childhood meningitis relative to comparators with pneumococcal ( Streptococcus pneumoniae ) vs meningococcal ( Neisseria meningitidis ) meningitis. For work loss, there was a difference among all 3 major causes of meningitis, with the largest increase for pneumococcal meningitis. Individuals diagnosed at a younger age (below the median) had lower earnings relative to comparators and higher work loss than individuals diagnosed at an older age (above the median). Fewer individuals with childhood meningitis relative to comparators had obtained a high school degree at age 30 years (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.56-0.81]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of adults diagnosed with bacterial meningitis in childhood, findings suggest that work ability decreases relative to population comparators, with lower earnings and higher work loss, especially among adults diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis or diagnosed at a young age, with long-lasting costs for the individual patient and society at large.
Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer—Reply
Authors: Karen C. Schliep, Mollie E. Barnard, C. Matthew Peterson
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypothalamic deep brain stimulation augments walking after spinal cord injury
Authors: Newton Cho, Jordan W. Squair, Viviana Aureli, Nicholas D. James, Léa Bole-Feysot, Inssia Dewany, Nicolas Hankov, Laetitia Baud, Anna Leonhartsberger, Kristina Sveistyte, Michael A. Skinnider, Matthieu Gautier, Achilleas Laskaratos, Katia Galan, Maged Goubran, Jimmy Ravier, Frederic Merlos, Laura Batti, Stéphane Pages, Nadia Berard, Nadine Intering, Camille Varescon, Anne Watrin, Léa Duguet, Stefano Carda, Kay A. Bartholdi, Thomas H. Hutson, Claudia Kathe, Michael Hodara, Mark A. Anderson, Bogdan Draganski, Robin Demesmaeker, Leonie Asboth, Quentin Barraud, Jocelyne Bloch, Grégoire Courtine
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)
Socioeconomic Outcomes Associated With Childhood Bacterial Meningitis—Long-Term Socioeconomic Outcomes Matter to Patients
Authors: Malte M. Tetens, Niels Obel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Salini Mohanty, DrPH; Urban Johansson Kostenniemi, MD, PhD; Sven Arne Silfverdal, MD, PhD; Stina Salomonsson, PhD; Federico Iovino, PhD; Goran Bencina, PhD; Eleana Tsoumani, MSc; Gustaf Bruze, PhD
Creating Diagnostic Tests for Diagnostic Errors
Authors: Andrew D. Auerbach, Jeffrey L. Schnipper
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
β-Blocker Use and Delayed Onset and Progression of Huntington Disease
Authors: Jordan L. Schultz, Amy C. Ogilvie, Lyndsay A. Harshman, Peg C. Nopoulos
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Importance Huntington disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric decline. β-Blockers may play a therapeutic role by decreasing enhanced sympathetic tone in HD. Objective To evaluate the impact of β-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis onset and progression of HD symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants This observational, longitudinal multicenter study used the Enroll-HD platform database (initiated September 2011 to present), including propensity score–matched cohorts of patients with premanifest HD (preHD) and early motor-manifest HD (mmHD) who were either users or nonusers of β-blockers. Participants included patients with genetically confirmed preHD (n = 4683 eligible participants) or mmHD (n = 3024 eligible participants) who were taking a β-blocker and were matched to similar non–β-blocker users. Exposure Uninterrupted use of a β-blocker for more than 1 year. Main Outcomes and Measures For PreHD: risk of receiving a motor diagnosis of HD over time. For mmHD: progression rate of total motor score, total functional capacity score, and the symbol digit modalities test. Post hoc analyses were performed to test additional clarifying hypotheses after the primary analyses were completed. Results This study included 174 preHD β-blocker users (59 males; 115 females) with a mean age of 46.4 (SD, 13.1) years and a mean cytosine-adenine guanine repeat length of 41.1 (SD, 2.4) who were well matched to 174 preHD non–β-blocker users. The preHD β-blocker users showed a statistically significant reduction in the annualized hazard of receiving a motor diagnosis compared with nonusers (n = 174) (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94; P = .02). There were 149 mmHD β-blocker users (86 males; 60 females) with a mean age of 58.9 (SD, 11.3) years and a mean cytosine-adenine guanine repeat length of 42.0 (SD, 2.3) matched to 149 mmHD non–β-blocker users. The β-blocker users had a slower mean annualized worsening in total motor score (mean difference [MD], −0.45; 95% CI, −0.85 to −0.06; q = 0.025), total functional capacity score (MD, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02-0.18; q = 0.025), and symbol digit modalities test (MD, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10-0.56; q = 0.017) compared with matched nonusers. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, β-blocker use was associated with delayed motor onset in preHD and reduced the rate of worsening of symptoms in mmHD. These findings demonstrated that β-blockers may have a therapeutic role in HD but further studies are required.
β-Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Use Across Medicare Administrative Contractor Regions
Authors: Zachary A. Marcum, Dominic Nunag, Adam P. Bress, Jeremy Pruzin
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

This cross-sectional study assesses variation in β-amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) use among Medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia by Medicare Administrative Contractor region.
Endometriosis and Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Paolo Vercellini, Paola Viganò, Edgardo Somigliana
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personalized Patient Data and Behavioral Nudges to Improve Adherence to Chronic Cardiovascular Medications
Authors: P. Michael Ho, Thomas J. Glorioso, Larry A. Allen, Richard Blankenhorn, Russell E. Glasgow, Gary K. Grunwald, Amber Khanna, David J. Magid, Joel Marrs, Sylvie Novins-Montague, Steven Orlando, Pamela Peterson, Mary E. Plomondon, Lisa M. Sandy, Joseph J. Saseen, Katy E. Trinkley, Shawni Vaughn, Joy Waughtal, Sheana Bull
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Poor medication adherence is common. Text messaging is increasingly used to change patient behavior but often not rigorously tested. Objective To compare different types of text messaging strategies with usual care to improve medication refill adherence among patients nonadherent to cardiovascular medications. Design, Setting, and Participants Patient-level randomized pragmatic trial between October 2019 to April 2022 at 3 US health care systems, with last follow-up date of April 11, 2023. Adult (18 to &amp;amp;lt;90 years) patients were eligible based on diagnosis of 1 or more cardiovascular condition(s) and prescribed medication to treat the condition. Patients who did not opt out and had a 7-day refill gap were randomized to 1 of 4 study groups. Intervention(s) Generic text message refill reminders (generic reminder); behavioral nudge text refill reminders (behavioral nudge); behavioral nudge text refill reminders plus a fixed-message chatbot (behavioral nudge + chatbot); usual care. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was refill adherence based on pharmacy data using proportion of days covered at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were clinical events of emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality. Results Among 9501 enrolled patients, baseline characteristics across the 4 groups were comparable (mean age, 60 years; 47% female [n = 4351]; 16% Black [n = 1517]; 49% Hispanic [n = 4564]). At 12 months, the mean proportion of days covered was 62.0% for generic reminder, 62.3% for behavioral nudge, 63.0% for behavioral nudge + chatbot, and 60.6% for usual care ( P = .06). In adjusted analysis, when compared with usual care, mean proportion of days covered was 2.2 percentage points (95% CI, 0.3-4.2; P = .02) higher for generic reminder, 2.0 percentage points (95% CI, 0.1-3.9; P = .04) higher for behavioral nudge, and 2.3 percentage points (95%, 0.4-4.2; P = .02) higher for behavioral nudge + chatbot, none of which were statistically significant after multiple comparisons correction. There were no differences in clinical events between study groups. Conclusions and Relevance Text message reminders targeting patients who delay refilling their cardiovascular medications did not improve medication adherence based on pharmacy refill data or reduce clinical events at 12 months. Poor medication adherence may be due to multiple factors. Future interventions may need to be designed to address the multiple factors influencing adherence. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03973931