tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Steven H. Woodward, Ruth M. Benca
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Amit J. Shah, MD, MSCR; Viola Vaccarino, MD, PhD; Jack Goldberg, PhD; Minxuan Huang, PhD; Yi-An Ko, PhD; Xin Ma, PhD; Oleksiy M. Levantsevych, MD; Nicholas L. Smith, PhD; Nikila Alagar, BA; Iman Mousselli, MD; Dayna A. Johnson, PhD; Gari D. Clifford, DPhil; J. Douglas Bremner, MD; Donald L. Bliwise, PhD
Identifying and Measuring Administrative Harms Experienced by Hospitalists and Administrative Leaders
Authors: Marisha Burden, Gopi Astik, Andrew Auerbach, Greg Bowling, Kirsten N. Kangelaris, Angela Keniston, Aveena Kochar, Luci K. Leykum, Anne S. Linker, Matthew Sakumoto, Kendall Rogers, Natalie Schwatka, Sara Westergaard
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Administrative harm (AH), defined as the adverse consequences of administrative decisions within health care that impact work structure, processes, and programs, is pervasive in medicine, yet poorly understood and described.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Twins
Authors: Amit J. Shah, Viola Vaccarino, Jack Goldberg, Minxuan Huang, Yi-An Ko, Xin Ma, Oleksiy M. Levantsevych, Nicholas L. Smith, Nikila Alagar, Iman Mousselli, Dayna A. Johnson, Gari D. Clifford, J. Douglas Bremner, Donald L. Bliwise
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in older adult (aged &amp;amp;gt;65 years) populations, but more mechanistic research is needed to individualize treatments. Previous evidence has suggested an association between OSA and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but is limited by possible selection bias. High-quality research on this association with a careful evaluation of possible confounders may yield important mechanistic insight into both conditions and improve treatment efforts. Objective To investigate the association of current PTSD symptoms and PTSD diagnosis with OSA. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study of twin pairs discordant for PTSD, which allows for adjustment for familial factors, was conducted using in-laboratory polysomnography from March 20, 2017, to June 3, 2019. The study sample comprised male veteran twins recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. The data analysis was performed between June 11, 2022, and January 30, 2023. Exposure Symptoms of PTSD in twins who served in the Vietnam War. Diagnosis of PTSD was a secondary exposure. Main Outcomes and Measures Obstructive sleep apnea was assessed using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (≥4% oxygen saturation criterion as measured by events per hour) with overnight polysomnography. Symptoms of PTSD were assessed using the PTSD Checklist (PCL) and structured clinical interview for PTSD diagnosis. Results A total of 181 male twins (mean [SD] age, 68.4 [2.0] years) including 66 pairs discordant for PTSD symptoms and 15 pairs discordant for a current PTSD diagnosis were evaluated. In models examining the PCL and OSA within pairs and adjusted for body mass index (BMI) and other sociodemographic, cardiovascular, and psychiatric risk factors (including depression), each 15-point increase in PCL was associated with a 4.6 (95% CI, 0.1-9.1) events-per-hour higher AHI. Current PTSD diagnosis was associated with an adjusted 10.5 (95% CI, 5.7-15.3) events-per-hour higher AHI per sleep-hour. Comparable standardized estimates of the association of PTSD symptoms and BMI with AHI per SD increase (1.9 events per hour; 95% CI, 0.5-3.3 events per hour) were found. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found an association between PTSD and sleep-disordered breathing. The findings have important public health implications and may also enhance understanding of the many factors that potentially affect OSA pathophysiology.
Seeking Details on Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis for Acute Otitis Media—Reply
Authors: Nader Shaikh, Zafer Cavdar, Alejandro Hoberman
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Kidney Function Biomarkers During Extreme Heat Exposure in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Zachary J. McKenna, Whitley C. Atkins, Josh Foster, Luke N. Belval, Joseph C. Watso, Caitlin P. Jarrard, Craig G. Crandall
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This study investigates the effects of extreme heat exposure on kidney function using plasma-based biomarkers in young and older adults.
Evaluating COVID-19 Vaccines in the Era of Endemicity—Recency vs Reformulation
Authors: Gopi S. Mohan, Michael J. Mina, Pierre O. Ankomah
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Newborn Screening for High-Risk Congenital Heart Disease by Dried Blood Spot Biomarker Analysis
Authors: Henning Clausen, Elin Friberg, Katarina Lannering, Aki Koivu, Mikko Sairanen, Mats Mellander, Petru Liuba
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human organ malformation, affecting approximately 1 of 125 newborns globally. Objectives Assessing the performance of 2 diagnostic tests using minimal amounts of dried blood spots (DBS) to identify high-risk CHD compared with controls in a Swedish cohort of neonates. Design, Setting, and Participants This diagnostic study took place in Sweden between 2019 and 2023 and enrolled full-term babies born between 2005 and 2023. All cases were identified through centralized pediatric cardiothoracic surgical services in Lund and Gothenburg, Sweden. Controls were followed up for 1 year to ensure no late presentations of high-risk CHD occurred. Cases were verified through surgical records and echocardiography. Exposure High-risk CHD, defined as cases requiring cardiac surgical management during infancy due to evolving signs of heart failure or types in which the postnatal circulation depends on patency of the arterial duct. Using 3-μL DBS samples, automated quantitative tests for NT-proBNP and interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 (IL-1 RL1; formerly known as soluble ST2) were compared against established CHD screening methods. Main Outcomes and Measures Performance of DBS tests to detect high-risk CHD using receiver operating characteristic curves; Bland-Altman and Pearson correlation analyses to compare IL-1 RL1 DBS with plasma blood levels. Results A total of 313 newborns were included (mean [SD] gestational age, 39.4 [1.3] weeks; 181 [57.8%] male). Mean (SD) birthweight was 3495 (483) grams. Analyzed DBS samples included 217 CHD cases and 96 controls. Among the CHD cases, 188 participants (89.3%) were high-risk types, of which 73 (38.8%) were suspected prenatally. Of the 188 high-risk cases, 94 (50.0%) passed pulse oximetry screening and 36 (19.1%) were initially discharged after birth without diagnoses. Combining NT-proBNP and IL-1 RL1 tests performed well in comparison with existing screening methods and enabled additional identification of asymptomatic babies with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve 0.95 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98). Conclusions and relevance In this diagnostic study, NT-proBNP and IL-1 RL1 DBS assays identified high-risk CHD in a timely manner, including in asymptomatic newborns, and improved overall screening performance in this cohort from Sweden. Prospective evaluation of this novel approach is warranted.
Comparison of No-Test Telehealth and In-Person Medication Abortion
Authors: Lauren J. Ralph, C. Finley Baba, M. Antonia Biggs, Colleen McNicholas, Amy Hagstrom Miller, Daniel Grossman
Journal: JAMA (2024)

In the US, access to medication abortion using history-based (no-test) eligibility assessment, including through telehealth and mailing of mifepristone, has grown rapidly. Additional evidence on the effectiveness and safety of these models is needed.
Sleep, 24-Hour Activity Rhythms, and Subsequent Amyloid-β Pathology
Authors: Phuong Thuy Nguyen Ho, Sanne J. W. Hoepel, Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon, Annemarie I. Luik, Meike W. Vernooij, Julia Neitzel
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Sleep disturbances are common among older adults and have been associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD), such as amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. For effective AD prevention, it is essential to pinpoint the specific disturbances in sleep and the underlying 24-hour activity rhythms that confer the highest risk of Aβ deposition.
Determining Associations Between Intervention Amount and Outcomes for Young Autistic Children
Authors: Micheal Sandbank, James E. Pustejovsky, Kristen Bottema-Beutel, Nicolette Caldwell, Jacob I. Feldman, Shannon Crowley LaPoint, Tiffany Woynaroski
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Health professionals routinely recommend intensive interventions (ie, 20-40 hours per week) for autistic children. However, primary research backing this recommendation is sparse and plagued by methodological flaws. Objective To examine whether different metrics of intervention amount are associated with intervention effects on any developmental domain for young autistic children. Data Sources A large corpus of studies taken from a recent meta-analysis (with a search date of November 2021) of early interventions for autistic children. Study Selection Studies were eligible if they reported a quasi-experimental or randomized clinical trial testing the effects of a nonpharmacological intervention on any outcome in participant samples comprising more than 50% autistic children 8 years or younger. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were independently extracted by multiple coders. Meta-regression models were constructed to determine whether each index of intervention amount was associated with effect sizes for each intervention type, while controlling for outcome domain, outcome proximity, age of participants, study design, and risk of detection bias. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to February 2024. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary predictor of interest was intervention amount, quantified using 3 different metrics (daily intensity, duration, and cumulative intensity). The primary outcomes of interest were gains in any developmental domain, quantified by Hedges g effect sizes. Results A total of 144 studies including 9038 children (mean [SD] age, 49.3 [17.2] months; mean [SD] percent males, 82.6% [12.7%]) were included in this analysis. None of the meta-regression models evidenced a significant, positive association between any index of intervention amount and intervention effect size when considered within intervention type. Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this meta-analysis do not support the assertion that intervention effects increase with increasing amounts of intervention. Health professionals recommending interventions should be advised that there is little robust evidence supporting the provision of intensive intervention.
Hospital-Onset Bacteremia Among Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Erica C. Prochaska, Shaoming Xiao, Elizabeth Colantuoni, Reese H. Clark, Julia Johnson, Sagori Mukhopadhyay, Ibukunoluwa C. Kalu, Danielle M. Zerr, Patrick J. Reich, Jessica Roberts, Dustin D. Flannery, Aaron M. Milstone
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention plans to introduce hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB) as a health care–associated infection measure. The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of HOB among infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are unknown. Objective To estimate the rate of HOB among infants admitted to the NICU, measure the association of HOB risk with birth weight group and postnatal age, and estimate HOB-attributable mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective multicenter cohort study and emulated trial from 2016 to 2021 included a convenience sample of 322 NICUs in the United States. Participants were infants admitted to participating NICUs for 4 or more days. Exposures The primary exposures were birth weight and postnatal age. Additional exposures included small for gestational age and central line presence. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcomes were HOB and HOB-attributable mortality. Results Of 451 443 included infants, 250 763 (55.6%) were male, 200 680 (44.4%) were female, and 62 091 (13.8%) were born 1500 g or less. Of 9015 HOB events that occurred among 8356 infants (2%) during 8 163 432 days at risk (unadjusted incidence rate, 1.1 per 1000 patient-days; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2), 4888 HOB events (54.2%) occurred in the absence of a central line. Within the first 2 weeks after birth, the HOB rate was 14.2 per 1000 patient-days (95% CI, 12.6-16.1) among infants born 750 g or less, to 0.4 events per 1000 patient-days among infants born more than 2500 g (95% CI, 0.4-0.5). Among infants born 750 g or less, the relative HOB risk decreased by 90% after day 42 compared with days 4 to 14 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.1-0.1). Conversely, among infants born more than 2500 g, the relative HOB risk increased by 50% after day 42 compared with days 4 to 14 (IRR, 1.5, 95% CI, 1.2-1.9). Compared with otherwise similar infants without HOB, infants with HOB had an absolute difference in attributable mortality of 5.5% (95% CI, 4.7-6.3). Conclusions and Relevance This study found that HOB events in the NICU are associated with increased mortality. Birth weight is an important risk factor for HOB; however, the relative rate of HOB decreases over postnatal age among low-birth-weight infants and increases among infants born more than 2500 g. Identifying strategies to prevent HOB and programs to decrease HOB risk are urgently needed to reduce infant mortality.
Estimated Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB Vaccine Against COVID-19
Authors: Sara Y. Tartof, Jeff M. Slezak, Timothy B. Frankland, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Bradley K. Ackerson, Julie A. Stern, Joann Zamparo, Sarah Simmons, Luis Jodar, John M. McLaughlin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Importance Data describing the early additional protection afforded by the recently recommended BNT162b2 XBB vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech; 2023-2024 formulation) are limited. Objective To estimate the association between receipt of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine and medically attended COVID-19 outcomes among US adults 18 years and older. Design, Setting, and Participants This test-negative case-control study was performed to estimate the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine against COVID-19–associated hospitalization and emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) encounters among adults in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health system between October 10, 2023, and December 10, 2023. Cases were those presenting with an acute respiratory illness and who had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; controls had an acute respiratory illness but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Exposure The primary exposure was receipt of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine compared with not receiving an XBB vaccine of any kind, regardless of prior COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection history. Receipt of prior (non-XBB) versions of COVID-19 vaccines was also compared with being unvaccinated to estimate remaining protection from older vaccines. Main Outcomes and Measures Analyses for cases and controls were conducted separately for COVID-19 hospital admissions and ED/UC encounters. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs were estimated from multivariable logistic regression models that were adjusted for patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Estimation of vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 1 − odds ratio × 100%. Results Among 2854 cases and 15 345 controls (median [IQR] age, 56 [37-72] years; 10 658 [58.6%] female), adjusted estimation of effectiveness of the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine received a median of 34 days prior vs not having received an XBB vaccine of any kind was 62% (95% CI, 32%-79%) against COVID-19 hospitalization and 58% (95% CI, 48%-67%) for ED/UC visits. Compared with being unvaccinated, those who had received only older versions of COVID-19 vaccines did not show statistically significant reduced risk of COVID-19 outcomes, including hospital admission. Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this case-control study reaffirm current recommendations for broad age-based use of annually updated COVID-19 vaccines given that (1) the BNT162b2 XBB vaccine provided statistically significant additional protection against a range of COVID-19 outcomes and (2) older versions of COVID-19 vaccines offered little, if any, long-term protection, including against hospital admission, regardless of the number or type of prior doses received.
A large-scale type I CBASS antiphage screen identifies the phage prohead protease as a key determinant of immune activation and evasion
Authors: Desmond Richmond-Buccola, Samuel J. Hobbs, Jasmine M. Garcia, Hunter Toyoda, Jingjing Gao, Sichen Shao, Amy S.Y. Lee, Philip J. Kranzusch
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Rethinking Drug-Induced Liver Injury—A New Era of Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Grace Y. Zhang, Jessica B. Rubin
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Initial Oxygen Concentration for the Resuscitation of Infants Born at Less Than 32 Weeks’ Gestation
Authors: James X. Sotiropoulos, Ju Lee Oei, Georg M. Schmölzer, Sol Libesman, Kylie E. Hunter, Jonathan G. Williams, Angela C. Webster, Maximo Vento, Vishal Kapadia, Yacov Rabi, Janneke Dekker, Marijn J. Vermeulen, Venkataseshan Sundaram, Praveen Kumar, Risma K. Kaban, Rinawati Rohsiswatmo, Ola D. Saugstad, Anna Lene Seidler
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance Resuscitation with lower fractional inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) reduces mortality in term and near-term infants but the impact of this practice on very preterm infants is unclear. Objective To evaluate the relative effectiveness of initial FiO 2 on reducing mortality, severe morbidities, and oxygen saturations (SpO 2 ) in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation using network meta-analysis (NMA) of individual participant data (IPD). Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from 1980 to October 10, 2023. Study Selection Eligible studies were randomized clinical trials enrolling infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation comparing at least 2 initial oxygen concentrations for delivery room resuscitation, defined as either low (≤0.3), intermediate (0.5-0.65), or high (≥0.90) FiO 2 . Data Extraction and Synthesis Investigators from eligible studies were invited to provide IPD. Data were processed and checked for quality and integrity. One-stage contrast-based bayesian IPD-NMA was performed with noninformative priors and random effects and adjusted for key covariates. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were morbidities of prematurity and SpO 2 at 5 minutes. Results IPD were provided for 1055 infants from 12 of the 13 eligible studies (2005-2019). Resuscitation with high (≥0.90) initial FiO 2 was associated with significantly reduced mortality compared to low (≤0.3) (odds ratio [OR], 0.45; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.23-0.86; low certainty) and intermediate (0.5-0.65) FiO 2 (OR, 0.34; 95% CrI, 0.11-0.99; very low certainty). High initial FiO 2 had a 97% probability of ranking first to reduce mortality. The effects on other morbidities were inconclusive. Conclusions and Relevance High initial FiO 2 (≥0.90) may be associated with reduced mortality in preterm infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation compared to low initial FiO 2 (low certainty). High initial FiO 2 is possibly associated with reduced mortality compared to intermediate initial FiO 2 (very low certainty) but more evidence is required.
Supporting OB-GYNs in Abortion-Restrictive States—A Playbook for Institutions
Authors: Erika L. Sabbath, Kavita S. Arora, Mara Buchbinder
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This Viewpoint provides proposed institutional practices, such as medicolegal collaboration and providing materials and resources, to support obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYNs) in abortion-restrictive states.
How can I prepare for a general election?
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2024)

How can I prepare for a general election?While the prospect of a general election may be daunting for many doctors, there are ways of managing the uncertainty, Abi Rimmer hears Abi Rimmer Recognise that others may respond differentlyJason Hancock, consultant psychiatrist, director of medical education and clinical education researcher, Exeter, says, "For all doctors, our places of work, our teams, and our local systems exist in a wider context.