tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fathers in the United States Are Getting Older
Authors: Larry I. Lipshultz, Blair T. Stocks
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Albert S. Ha, MD; Michael Scott, MD; Chiyuan Amy Zhang, MPH; Shufeng Li, MS; Ashkan P Langroudi, MD; Frank Glover, BS; Satvir Basran, BS; Francesco Del Giudice, MD; Gary M. Shaw, DrPH; Michael L. Eisenberg, MD
Diagnostic Accuracy of an Integrated AI Tool to Estimate Gestational Age From Blind Ultrasound Sweeps
Authors: Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, Teeranan Pokaprakarn, Juan C. Prieto, Bellington Vwalika, Srihari V. Chari, Ntazana Sindano, Bethany L. Freeman, Bridget Sikapande, Nicole M. Davis, Yuri V. Sebastião, Nelly M. Mandona, Elizabeth M. Stringer, Chiraz Benabdelkader, Mutinta Mungole, Filson M. Kapilya, Nariman Almnini, Arieska N. Diaz, Brittany A. Fecteau, Michael R. Kosorok, Stephen R. Cole, Margaret P. Kasaro
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Accurate assessment of gestational age (GA) is essential to good pregnancy care but often requires ultrasonography, which may not be available in low-resource settings. This study developed a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) model to estimate GA from blind ultrasonography sweeps and incorporated it into the software of a low-cost, battery-powered device.
Electronic Health Record–Based Screening for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Leslie Lenert, Alyssa A. Rheingold, Kit N. Simpson, Dmitry Scherbakov, Michael Aiken, Christine Hahn, Jenna L. McCauley, Naomi Ennis, Vanessa A. Diaz
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue, with a 25% lifetime prevalence. Screening for IPV in primary care is a recommended practice whose effectiveness is debated. Objective To assess the effect of an electronic health record (EHR)–based multifactorial intervention screening on the detection of IPV risk in primary care practice. Design, Setting, and Participants This cluster randomized clinical trial used a stepped-wedge design to assign 15 family medicine primary care clinics in the Medical University of South Carolina Health System in the Charleston region to 3 matched blocks from October 6, 2020, to March 31, 2023. All women aged 18 to 49 years who were seen in these clinics participated in this study. Intervention A noninterruptive EHR alert combined with confidential screening by computer questionnaire using the EHR platform followed by risk assessment and a decision support template. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were the rate at which patients were screened for IPV across the clinics and the rate at which patients at risk for IPV were detected by screening procedures. Results The study clinics cared for 8895 unique patients (mean [SD] age, 34.6 [8.7] years; 1270 [14.3%] with Medicaid or Medicare and 7625 [85.7%] with private, military, or other insurance) over the study period eligible for the screening intervention. The intervention had significant effects on the overall rate of screening for IPV, increasing the rate of screening from 45.2% (10 268 of 22 730 patient visits) to 65.3% (22 303 of 34 157 patient visits) when the noninterruptive alert was active (relative risk, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.44-1.49]; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). The confidential screening process was more effective than baseline nurse-led oral screening at identifying patients reporting past-year IPV (130 of 8895 patients [1.5%] vs 9 of 17 433 patients [0.1%]). Conclusions and Relevance The intervention was largely effective in increasing screening adherence and the positive detection rate of IPV in primary care. A highly private approach to screening for IPV in primary care may be necessary to achieve adequate detection rates while addressing potential safety issues of patients experiencing IPV. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06284148
Enhancing Obstetric Ultrasonography With Artificial Intelligence in Resource-Limited Settings
Authors: Alexis C. Gimovsky, Ahizechukwu C. Eke, Methodius G. Tuuli
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exosomal TNF-α mediates voltage-gated Na+ channels 1.6 overexpression and contributes to brain-tumor induced neuronal hyperexcitability
Authors: Cesar Adolfo Sanchez Trivino, Renza Spelat, Federica Spada, Camilla D’Angelo, Ivana Manini, Irene Giulia Rolle, Tamara Ius, Pietro Parisse, Anna Menini, Daniela Cesselli, Miran Skrap, Fabrizia Cesca, Vincent Torre
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2024)

Patients affected by glioma frequently experience epileptic discharges; however, the causes of brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) are still not completely understood. We investigated the mechanisms underlying BTRE by analyzing the effects of exosomes released by U87 glioma cells and by patient-derived glioma cells. Rat hippocampal neurons incubated for 24 hours with these exosomes exhibited increased spontaneous firing, while their resting membrane potential shifted positively by 10-15 mV. Voltage clamp recordings demonstrated that the activation of the Na+ current shifted toward more hyperpolarized voltages by 10-15 mV. To understand the factors inducing hyperexcitability, we focused on exosomal cytokines. Western blot and ELISAs showed that TNF-α was present inside glioma-derived exosomes. Remarkably, incubation with TNF-α fully mimicked the phenotype induced by exosomes, with neurons firing continuously, while their resting membrane potential shifted positively. Real-time PCR revealed that both exosomes and TNF-α induced overexpression of the voltage-gated Na+ channel Nav1.6, a low-threshold Na+ channel responsible for hyperexcitability. When neurons were preincubated with infliximab, a specific TNF-α inhibitor, the hyperexcitability induced by exosomes and TNF-α was drastically reduced. We propose that infliximab, an FDA-approved drug to treat rheumatoid arthritis, could ameliorate the conditions of glioma patients with BTRE.
Universal Background Checks, Permit Requirements, and Firearm Homicide Rates
Authors: Michael Siegel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance A loophole in US gun policy is that people can purchase guns from private sellers without going through any background check. Some states have addressed this loophole by requiring universal background checks for all gun sales, either at the point of sale or through a permit system; however, most studies on the effectiveness of universal background checks have not analyzed these 2 policy mechanisms separately. Objective To assess the association of point-of-sale background check law and gun permit law, separately, with firearm homicide rates from 1976 through 2022 using the same methods and model specification. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used a difference-in-differences, fixed-effects regression model to evaluate firearm laws and firearm homicide rates in 48 states from 1976 through 2022. Data were obtained for 48 states except New Hampshire and Vermont and were analyzed in January 2024. Exposures Implementation of either the law requiring a universal background check at point of sale for all firearms without a permit or the laws combining universal background checks and a state permit requirement for all gun purchasers. Main Outcomes and Measures Annual, state-specific rates of firearm homicide per 100 000 people. Results From 1976 through 2022, 12 states adopted the universal background check laws without permitting requirements and 7 states implemented gun permit laws covering all firearms. The mean (SD) firearm homicide rate was 4.3 (0.1) per 100 000 people. Universal background checks for all firearms alone (without a state permitting system) were not associated with overall homicide rates (percentage change, 1.3%; 95% CI, −6.9% to 10.4%) or firearm homicide rates (percentage change, 3.7%; 95% CI, −5.3% to 13.6%). A law requiring a permit for the purchase of all firearms was associated with significantly lower overall homicide rates (percentage change, −15.4%; 95% CI, −28.5% to −0.01%) and firearm homicide rates (percentage change, −18.3%; 95% CI, −32.0% to −1.9%). Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that universal background checks alone were not associated with firearm homicide rates, but a permit requirement for the purchase and possession of firearms was associated with substantially reduced rates of firearm homicide. The findings suggest that combining universal background checks and permit-to-purchase requirements is an effective strategy for firearm-related fatality reduction.
Sociodemographic Trends and Perinatal Outcomes in Fathers 50 Years and Older
Authors: Albert S. Ha, Michael Scott, Chiyuan Amy Zhang, Shufeng Li, Ashkan P Langroudi, Frank Glover, Satvir Basran, Francesco Del Giudice, Gary M. Shaw, Michael L. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The age of fathers at childbirth is rising, with an increasing number of births attributed to older fathers. While the impact of advanced paternal age has been documented, sociodemographic data about fathers aged 50 years and older remain scarce. Objectives To explore sociodemographic and temporal trends among the oldest US fathers (age ≥50 years) and their associations with perinatal outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study included data from all US births from 2011 to 2022 using the National Vital Statistics System. Data were analyzed from August 2023 and May 2024. Exposures Reported paternal age at childbirth. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes of interest were sociodemographic factors, temporal trends in older fatherhood, and perinatal outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, assisted reproductive technology (ART), rates of maternal primiparity, and the infant sex ratio. Results From 2011 to 2022, the US recorded 46 195 453 births, with an overall mean (SD) paternal age of 31.5 (6.8) years and 484 507 (1.1%) involving fathers aged 50 years or older, 47 785 (0.1%) aged 60 years or older, and 3777 (0.008%) aged 70 years or older. Births to fathers aged 50 years or older increased from 1.1% in 2011 to 1.3% in 2022 ( P for trend &amp;amp;lt; .001). Fathers aged 50 years or older were more diverse, with variations in educational achievement and race and ethnicity. Marital status and maternal racial and ethnic and educational backgrounds also varied by paternal age and race. Despite controlling for maternal age and other sociodemographic and perinatal factors, every 10-year increase in paternal age was consistently associated with greater use of ART (eg, age 50-59 years: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.23; 95% CI, 2.19-2.27), higher likelihood of first maternal birth (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.15-1.17), and increased risks of preterm birth (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.15-1.18) and low birth weight (eg, age 50-59 years: aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.13-1.15) compared with fathers aged 30 to 39 years. No significant changes in the infant sex ratio were observed, except among fathers aged 70 years or older (aOR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99) and 75 years or older (aOR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97), who showed a decreased likelihood of having male offspring. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of all US births from 2011 to 2022, the percentage attributed to older fathers, while small, increased. Notable variations in paternal and maternal race and education were identified. Older fatherhood was associated with increased ART use, first-time maternal births, adverse perinatal outcomes, and altered sex ratio. Further research of this population is crucial for improving patient counseling and family planning.
Characterizing Lung Cancer in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
Authors: Jessica N. Hatton, John Kucera, Kenneth P. Seastedt, Kelvin César de Andrade, Sharon A. Savage, Payal P. Khincha, Chuong D. Hoang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

This cohort study describes lung cancer incidence, diagnosis, and outcome in individuals with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
Structural basis of psychedelic LSD recognition at dopamine D1 receptor
Authors: Luyu Fan, Youwen Zhuang, Hongyu Wu, Huiqiong Li, Youwei Xu, Yue Wang, Licong He, Shishan Wang, Zhangcheng Chen, Jianjun Cheng, H. Eric Xu, Sheng Wang
Journal: Neuron (2024)
Bacterial homologs of innate eukaryotic antiviral defenses with anti-phage activity highlight shared evolutionary roots of viral defenses
Authors: Daan F. van den Berg, Ana Rita Costa, Jelger Q. Esser, Ilinka Stanciu, Jasper Q. Geissler, Adja Damba Zoumaro-Djayoon, Pieter-Jan Haas, Stan J.J. Brouns
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)
Viral hijacking of hnRNPH1 unveils a G-quadruplex-driven mechanism of stress control
Authors: Philipp Schult, Beate Mareike Kümmerer, Markus Hafner, Katrin Paeschke
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)

Viral genomes are enriched with G-quadruplexes (G4s), non-canonical structures formed in DNA or RNA upon assembly of four guanine stretches into stacked quartets. Because of their critical roles, G4s are potential antiviral targets, yet their function remains largely unknown. Here, we characterize the formation and functions of a conserved G4 within the polymerase coding region of orthoflaviviruses of the Flaviviridae family. Using yellow fever virus, we determine that this G4 promotes viral replication and suppresses host stress responses via interactions with hnRNPH1, a host nuclear protein involved in RNA processing. G4 binding to hnRNPH1 causes its cytoplasmic retention with subsequent impacts on G4-containing tRNA fragments (tiRNAs) involved in stress-mediated reductions in translation. As a result, these host stress responses and associated antiviral effects are impaired. These data reveal that the interplay between hnRNPH1 and both host and viral G4 targets controls the integrated stress response and viral replication.
Transformer-based AI technology improves early ovarian cancer diagnosis using cfDNA methylation markers
Authors: Gen Li, Yongqiang Zhang, Kun Li, Xiaohong Liu, Yaping Lu, Zhenlin Zhang, Zhihai Liu, Yong Wu, Fei Liu, Hong Huang, Meixing Yu, Zhao Yang, Xiaoxue Zheng, Chengbin Guo, Yuanxu Gao, Taorui Wang, Manson Fok, Johnson Yiu-Nam Lau, Kun Shi, Xiaoqiong Gu, Lingchuan Guo, Huiyan Luo, Fanxin Zeng, Kang Zhang
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest women's cancer and has a poor prognosis. Early detection is the key for improving survival (a 5-year survival rate in stage I/II is over 70% compared to that of 25% in stage III/IV) and can be achieved through methylation markers from circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using a liquid biopsy. In this study, we first identify top 500 EOC markers differentiating EOC from healthy female controls from 3.3 million methylome-wide CpG sites and validated them in 1,800 independent cfDNA samples. We then utilize a pretrained AI transformer system called MethylBERT to develop an EOC diagnostic model which achieves 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity in early-stage EOC diagnosis. We next develop a simple digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assay which archives good performance, facilitating early EOC detection.
The bacterial defense system MADS interacts with CRISPR-Cas to limit phage infection and escape
Authors: Alice Maestri, Benoit J. Pons, Elizabeth Pursey, Charlotte E. Chong, Sylvain Gandon, Rafael Custodio, Anna Olina, Aleksei Agapov, Matthew A.W. Chisnall, Anita Grasso, Steve Paterson, Mark D. Szczelkun, Kate S. Baker, Stineke van Houte, Anne Chevallereau, Edze R. Westra
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2024)

The constant arms race between bacteria and their parasites has resulted in a large diversity of bacterial defenses, with many bacteria carrying multiple systems. Here, we report the discovery of a phylogenetically widespread defense system, coined methylation-associated defense system (MADS), which is distributed across gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. MADS interacts with a CRISPR-Cas system in its native host to provide robust and durable resistance against phages. While phages can acquire epigenetic-mediated resistance against MADS, co-existence of MADS and a CRISPR-Cas system limits escape emergence. MADS comprises eight genes with predicted nuclease, ATPase, kinase, and methyltransferase domains, most of which are essential for either self/non-self discrimination, DNA restriction, or both. The complex genetic architecture of MADS and MADS-like systems, relative to other prokaryotic defenses, points toward highly elaborate mechanisms of sensing infections, defense activation, and/or interference.
In vivo vulnerabilities to GPX4 and HDAC inhibitors in drug-persistent versus drug-resistant BRAFV600E lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Marie-Julie Nokin, Elodie Darbo, Elodie Richard, Sonia San José, Sergio de Hita, Valérie Prouzet-Mauleon, Béatrice Turcq, Laura Gerardelli, Rebekah Crake, Valérie Velasco, Benjamin Koopmansch, Frederic Lambert, Jenny Y. Xue, Ben Sang, Julie Horne, Eric Ziemons, Alberto Villanueva, Arnaud Blomme, Michael Herfs, Didier Cataldo, Olivier Calvayrac, Paolo Porporato, Ernest Nadal, Piro Lito, Pasi A. Jänne, Biagio Ricciuti, Mark M. Awad, Chiara Ambrogio, David Santamaría
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

The current targeted therapy for BRAF
Hybrid immunity to SARS-CoV-2 arises from serological recall of IgG antibodies distinctly imprinted by infection or vaccination
Authors: William N. Voss, Michael L. Mallory, Patrick O. Byrne, Jeffrey M. Marchioni, Sean A. Knudson, John M. Powers, Sarah R. Leist, Bernadeta Dadonaite, Douglas R. Townsend, Jessica Kain, Yimin Huang, Ed Satterwhite, Izabella N. Castillo, Melissa Mattocks, Chelsea Paresi, Jennifer E. Munt, Trevor Scobey, Allison Seeger, Lakshmanane Premkumar, Jesse D. Bloom, George Georgiou, Jason S. McLellan, Ralph S. Baric, Jason J. Lavinder, Gregory C. Ippolito
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

We describe the molecular-level composition of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike antibodies from ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, vaccination, or their combination ("hybrid immunity") at monoclonal resolution. Infection primarily triggers S2/N-terminal domain (NTD)-reactive antibodies, whereas vaccination mainly induces anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies. This imprint persists after secondary exposures wherein >60% of ensuing hybrid immunity derives from the original IgG pool. Monoclonal constituents of the original IgG pool can increase breadth, affinity, and prevalence upon secondary exposures, as exemplified by the plasma antibody SC27. Following a breakthrough infection, vaccine-induced SC27 gained neutralization breadth and potency against SARS-CoV-2 variants and zoonotic viruses (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC
Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1 antibody sintilimab in pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Wei-Wei Xiao, Gong Chen, Yuan-Hong Gao, Jun-Zhong Lin, Xiao-Jun Wu, Hui-Long Luo, Zhen-Hai Lu, Qiao-Xuan Wang, Rui Sun, Pei-Qiang Cai, Chong-Mei Zhu, Min Liu, Ji-Bin Li, Yi-Rui Wang, Ying Jin, Feng Wang, Hai-Tao Luo, Cai-Ling Li, Zhi-Zhong Pan, Rui-Hua Xu
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
Improvement of Laboratory Hepatic Parameters After Treatment With 177Lu-DOTATATE
Authors: Filipe dos Santos Soares, Juliana Ribeiro de Carvalho, Beatriz Arruda Matheos de Lima, Renata Christian Martins Felix, Daniel Alves Bulzico, Priscilla Brunelli Pujatti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Well-differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms (NETs) overexpress the somatostatin receptor, which is the target for the peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). NETs have a slow growth rate and can metastasize to liver, bone, and lungs. In NETs patients, liver metastasis is an important prognostic marker because liver failure is one of the most common causes of death in this population. In this regard, we aimed to describe the changes in laboratorial parameters in patients submitted to PRRT with 177 Lu-DOTATATE, focusing on hepatic parameters.
FDG PET/CT in Staging of α-Fetoprotein–Producing Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Xia Ji, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is a rare aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of pancreatic hepatoid adenocarcinoma with significantly elevated α-fetoprotein level presenting as acute pancreatitis. The primary pancreatic tumor diffusely involved the pancreas and showed heterogeneous enhancement mimicking acute necrotizing pancreatitis on contrast-enhanced CT. FDG PET/CT showed intense FDG uptake (SUV max , 24.5) of the left supraclavicular and retroperitoneal lymph node metastases, suggesting FDG PET/CT may be useful for staging of this aggressive tumor.
68Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi PET in Response Assessment After 177Lu-Microspheres Selective Intra-arterial Radionuclide Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Sejal Chopra, Yamini Mathur, Frank Roesch, Euy Sung Moon, Harmandeep Singh, Naveen Kalra, Ajay Duseja, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Jaya Shukla
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We report a case of a 48-year-old man with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, who underwent FDG PET for restaging and demonstrated mildly tracer-avid arterial enhancing lesion in segment III (SUV max , 5.7). Owing to low FDG uptake, patient was planned for 68 Ga-SA.FAPi PET, which demonstrated higher tracer avidity in the lesion (SUV max , 24.4). Subsequently, patient underwent 177 Lu-microsphere SIRT (2.2 GBq) in segment III. The 3- and 6-month posttherapy SA.FAPi PET demonstrated an interval decrease in tracer uptake and size of treated lesion. This case highlighted the promising role of SA.FAPi PET in patient selection for 177 Lu-SIRT and subsequent response assessment.
Primary Prostatic Stromal Sarcoma on 18F-PSMA PET/CT
Authors: Meiyan Chen, Yanliang Dong, Baixuan Xu, Yachao Liu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Primary prostatic stromal sarcoma is extremely rare. Serum PSA is usually normal. Here, we report a case of primary prostatic stromal sarcoma in a 23-year-old man. 18 F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT showed prostate mass and multiple low-density lesions in the liver with high PSMA expression. However, after chemotherapy, the level of PSMA expression in the prostate mass decreased, and PSMA expression lesions in the liver disappeared.