tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Performance of a Deep Learning Diabetic Retinopathy Algorithm in India
Authors: Arthur Brant, Preeti Singh, Xiang Yin, Lu Yang, Jay Nayar, Divleen Jeji, Yossi Matias, Greg S. Corrado, Dale R. Webster, Sunny Virmani, Anchintha Meenu, Naresh Babu Kannan, Jonathan Krause, Florence Thng, Lily Peng, Yun Liu, Kasumi Widner, Kim Ramasamy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance While prospective studies have investigated the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) for detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), to date, little published data exist on the clinical performance of these algorithms. Objective To evaluate the clinical performance of an automated retinal disease assessment (ARDA) algorithm in the postdeployment setting at Aravind Eye Hospital in India. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional analysis involved an approximate 1% sample of fundus photographs from patients screened using ARDA. Images were graded via adjudication by US ophthalmologists for DR and DME, and ARDA’s output was compared against the adjudicated grades at 45 sites in Southern India. Patients were randomly selected between January 1, 2019, and July 31, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary analyses were the sensitivity and specificity of ARDA for severe nonproliferative DR (NPDR) or proliferative DR (PDR). Secondary analyses focused on sensitivity and specificity for sight-threatening DR (STDR) (DME or severe NPDR or PDR). Results Among the 4537 patients with 4537 images with adjudicated grades, mean (SD) age was 55.2 (11.9) years and 2272 (50.1%) were male. Among the 3941 patients with gradable photographs, 683 (17.3%) had any DR, 146 (3.7%) had severe NPDR or PDR, 109 (2.8%) had PDR, and 398 (10.1%) had STDR. ARDA’s sensitivity and specificity for severe NPDR or PDR were 97.0% (95% CI, 92.6%-99.2%) and 96.4% (95% CI, 95.7%-97.0%), respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 50.7% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 99.9%. The clinically important miss rate for severe NPDR or PDR was 0% (eg, some patients with severe NPDR or PDR were interpreted as having moderate DR and referred to clinic). ARDA’s sensitivity for STDR was 95.9% (95% CI, 93.0%-97.4%) and specificity was 94.9% (95% CI, 94.1%-95.7%); PPV and NPV were 67.9% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study investigating the clinical performance of ARDA, sensitivity and specificity for severe NPDR and PDR exceeded 96% and caught 100% of patients with severe NPDR and PDR for ophthalmology referral. This preliminary large-scale postmarketing report of the performance of ARDA after screening 600 000 patients in India underscores the importance of monitoring and publication an algorithm's clinical performance, consistent with recommendations by regulatory bodies.
Reactivation of CTLA4-expressing T cells Accelerates Resolution of Lung Fibrosis in a Humanized Mouse Model
Authors: Santosh Yadav, Muralidharan Anbalagan, Shamima Khatun, Devadharshini Prabhakaran, Justin Manges, Yasuka Matsunaga, James B McLachlan, Joseph A Lasky, Jay Kolls, Victor J Thannickal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2025)

Tissue regenerative responses involve complex interactions between resident structural and immune cells. Recent reports indicate that accumulation of senescent cells during injury repair contributes to pathological tissue fibrosis. Using tissue-based spatial transcriptomics and proteomics, we identified upregulation of the immune checkpoint protein, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4) on CD8+ T cells adjacent to regions of active fibrogenesis in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in a murine model of repetitive bleomycin lung injury model of persistent fibrosis. In humanized CTLA4 knock-in mice, treatment with ipilimumab, an FDA-approved drug that targets CTLA4, resulted in accelerated lung epithelial regeneration and diminished fibrosis from repetitive bleomycin injury. Ipilimumab treatment resulted in the expansion of Cd3e+ T cells, diminished accumulation of senescent cells, and robust expansion of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, facultative progenitor cells of the alveolar epithelium. Ex-vivo activation of isolated CTLA4-expressing CD8+ cells from mice with established fibrosis resulted in enhanced cytolysis of senescent cells, suggesting that impaired immune-mediated clearance of these cells contribute to persistence of lung fibrosis in this murine model. Our studies support the concept that endogenous immune surveillance of senescent cells may be essential in promoting tissue regenerative responses that facilitate the resolution of fibrosis.
Cardiorespiratory fitness and health in children and adolescents: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses representing over 125 000 observations covering 33 health-related outcomes
Authors: Iryna Demchenko, Stephanie A Prince, Katherine Merucci, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Brooklyn J Fraser, Taru Manyanga, Ryan McGrath, Francisco B Ortega, Ben Singh, Grant R Tomkinson, Justin J Lang
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2025)

Objective To synthesise data on the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health in children and adolescents, evaluate the certainty of evidence and identify knowledge gaps. Design An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results were pooled using forest plots and certainty of evidence evaluated with GRADE. Data sources Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 2002 to March 2024. Eligibility criteria for selected studies Systematic reviews with meta-analyses exploring CRF and health in children and adolescents aged &lt;18 years. Results From the 9062 records identified, 14 reviews were included. Meta-analysed data from 125 164 observations covering 33 health outcomes were compiled, showing favourable (n=26) or null (n=7) associations with CRF. Among general populations, the associations were weak-to-moderate, with favourable links between CRF and indicators of anthropometry and adiposity, cardiometabolic and vascular health, and mental health and well-being. Among clinical populations, CRF was lower in participants with a condition compared with healthy controls, with the largest difference for newly diagnosed cancer (mean difference=−19.6 mL/kg/min; 95%CI: −21.4,–17.8). Patients with cystic fibrosis had a greater risk for all-cause mortality when comparing low CRF vs. high (relative risk=4.9; 95%CI: 1.1, 22.1). The certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. Conclusion CRF shows promising links to numerous health outcomes in paediatric populations, though the low certainty of evidence calls for further research. High-quality longitudinal evidence is warranted to confirm the findings and investigate a predictive role of childhood CRF for future health.
Treatment of knee osteoarthritis with a single injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue is not superior to a placebo saline injection: a blinded randomised controlled trial with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Kristoffer W Barfod, Lars Blønd, Rasmus Kramer Mikkelsen, Jasmin Bagge, Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich, Thomas Kallemose, Anders Troelsen, Per Hölmich
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2025)

Objective To investigate if treatment with a single injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue improved patient-reported health compared with a placebo saline injection in patients suffering from pain and functional impairment due to knee osteoarthritis. Methods We conducted a randomised controlled trial with patients blinded to the treatment and allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two parallel groups. Patients aged 18–70 years with Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2–3 in the tibiofemoral joint and suffering from pain and functional impairment of the knee were eligible for inclusion. Abdominal adipose tissue was harvested by liposuction in all patients. The active treatment group was treated with an intra-articular injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue, and the placebo group with isotonic saline. The primary outcome was the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4) evaluated at 6 months. Results 238 patients were assessed for eligibility and 120 (mean age 52.2, 58% female) included from January 2019 to February 2022. There were no statistically significant differences between the active treatment and the placebo group at any time point. Both groups showed statistically significant and clinically relevant improvements from baseline to 6, 12 and 24 months. Mean KOOS4 at 6 months was 55.5 (95% CI 51.4 to 59.6) for the active treatment group and 51.5 (95% CI 47.4 to 55.6) for the placebo group. Conclusion This study did not show superiority of micro-fragmented adipose tissue compared with a placebo saline injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Trial registration number NCT03771989 .
Unleashing the Full Potential of Metabolic Interventions in T-ALL
Authors: Victoria da Silva-Diz, Daniel Herranz
Journal: Blood Cancer Discovery (2025)

Drugs targeting metabolism have been effectively used in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) for decades; still, the full therapeutic potential of targeting metabolism has not been completely exploited yet. Here, we highlight the critical need for metabolic biomarkers to advance precision medicine in T-ALL, explore the identification of novel metabolic vulnerabilities, and discuss the potential of targeted therapies and dietary interventions to optimize treatment outcomes.
Dominant interfering CARD11 variants disrupt JNK signaling to promote GATA3 expression in T cells
Authors: Bradly M. Bauman, Jeffrey R. Stinson, Melissa A. Kallarakal, Lei Haley Huang, Andrew M. Frank, Gauthaman Sukumar, Nermina Saucier, Clifton L. Dalgard, Alice Y. Chan, Joshua D. Milner, Megan A. Cooper, Andrew L. Snow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Several "primary atopic disorders" are linked to monogenic defects that attenuate TCR signaling, favoring T helper type 2 (TH2) cell differentiation. Patients with CARD11-associated atopy with dominant interference of NF-κB signaling (CADINS) disease suffer from severe atopy, caused by germline loss-of-function/dominant interfering (LOF/DI) CARD11 variants. The CARD11 scaffold enables TCR-induced activation of NF-κB, mTORC1, and JNK signaling, yet the function of CARD11-dependent JNK signaling in T cells remains nebulous. Here we show that CARD11 is critical for TCR-induced activation of JNK1 and JNK2, as well as canonical JUN/FOS AP-1 family members. Patient-derived CARD11 DI variants attenuated WT CARD11 JNK signaling, mirroring effects on NF-κB. Transcriptome profiling revealed JNK inhibition upregulated TCR-induced expression of GATA3 and NFATC1, key transcription factors for TH2 cell development. Further, impaired CARD11-JNK signaling was linked to enhanced GATA3 expression in CADINS patient T cells. Our findings reveal a novel intrinsic mechanism connecting impaired CARD11-dependent JNK signaling to enhanced GATA3/NFAT2 induction and TH2 cell differentiation in CADINS patients.
Whole genome sequencing of 378 prostate cancer metastases reveals tissue selectivity for mismatch deficiency with potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Daniel J. Vis, Sander A. L. Palit, Marie Corradi, Edwin Cuppen, Niven Mehra, Martijn P. Lolkema, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Michiel S. van der Heijden, Wilbert Zwart, Andries M. Bergman
Journal: Genome Medicine (2025)

Survival of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) depends on the site of metastatic dissemination. Patients with mCRPC were prospectively included in the CPCT-02 metastatic site biopsy study. We evaluated whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 378 mCRPC metastases to understand the genetic traits that affect metastatic site distribution. Our findings revealed that RB1, PIK3CA, JAK1, RNF43, and TP53 mutations are the most frequent genetic determinants associated with site selectivity for metastatic outgrowth. Furthermore, we explored mutations in the non-coding genome and found that androgen receptor (AR) chromatin binding sites implicated in metastatic prostate cancer differ in mutation frequencies between metastatic sites, converging on pathways that impact DNA repair. Notably, liver and visceral metastases have a higher tumor mutational load (TML) than bone and lymph node metastases, independent of genetic traits associated with neuroendocrine differentiation. We found that TML is strongly associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficiency features in these organs. Our results revealed gene mutations that are significantly associated with metastatic site selectivity and that frequencies of non-coding mutations at AR chromatin binding sites differ between metastatic sites. Immunotherapeutics are thus far unsuccessful in unselected mCRPC patients. We found a higher TML in liver and visceral metastases compared to bone and lymph node metastases. As immunotherapeutics response is associated with mutational burden, these findings may assist in selecting mCRPC patients for immunotherapy treatment based on organs affected by metastatic disease. NCT01855477.
High magnification dermoscopy for in vivo identification of larvae within eggs in active scabies infestation
Authors: Roberta Giuffrida, Linda Tognetti, Stefania Guida, Claudio Conforti, Elisa Cinotti, Iris Zalaudek, Fabrizio Guarneri
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2025)

High magnification dermoscopy revealed details of head, extremities, and intestine of the mite and larvae within eggs as sign of active infestation, invisible at lower magnifications, substantially obviating the need for mineral oil preparation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with brain metastases: current principles, expanding indications and opportunities for multidisciplinary care
Authors: Alireza Mansouri, Ahmad Ozair, Debarati Bhanja, Hannah Wilding, Elad Mashiach, Waqas Haque, Nicholas Mikolajewicz, Leonardo de Macedo Filho, Sean S. Mahase, Mitchell Machtay, Philippe Metellus, Frédéric Dhermain, Jason Sheehan, Douglas Kondziolka, L. Dade Lunsford, Ajay Niranjan, Giuseppe Minniti, Jing Li, Steven N. Kalkanis, Patrick Y. Wen, Rupesh Kotecha, Michael W. McDermott, Chetan Bettegowda, Graeme F. Woodworth, Paul D. Brown, Arjun Sahgal, Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
Journal: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2025)
APOE genotype determines cell-type-specific pathological landscape of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zonghua Li, Yuka A Martens, Yingxue Ren, Yunjung Jin, Hiroaki Sekiya, Sydney V Doss, Naomi Kouri, Monica Castanedes-Casey, Trace A Christensen, Lindsay B Miller Nevalainen, Nanaka Takegami, Kai Chen, Chia-Chen Liu, Alexandra Soto-Beasley, Baayla D C Boon, Sydney A Labuzan, Tadafumi C Ikezu, Yixing Chen, Alexander D Bartkowiak, Gisela Xhafkollari, Allison M Wetmore, David A Bennett, Ross R Reichard, Ronald C Petersen, Takahisa Kanekiyo, Owen A Ross, Melissa E Murray, Dennis W Dickson, Guojun Bu, Na Zhao
Journal: Neuron (2025)
USPSTF Lung Cancer Screening Guidelines and Disparities in Screening Adherence
Authors: LaShae D. Rolle, Coral Olazagasti, Gilberto Lopes, Estelamari Rodriguez, Tracy E. Crane
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

This cross-sectional study evaluates the association of the updated US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines on lung cancer screening with screening uptake, focusing on changes among disadvantaged and marginalized populations.
The Achilles’ Heel of Midline Catheters
Authors: David Paje
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Ahmed Bentridi, MD; Marie-France Giroux, MD; Gilles Soulez, MD; Louis Bouchard, MD; Pierre Perreault, MD; Audrey Chouinard, MSc; Marc Dorais, MSc; Ricardo Do Amaral, MD, PhD; Pascaline Bernier, MSc, MD; Eric Therasse, MD
Enlargement of Shoulder Muscles in an Older Man
Authors: Mohammad Alhomoud, Ali Alshehri, Hazzaa A. Alzahrani
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension and chronic migraine presented with 10 months of progressive generalized muscle weakness and stiffness. Physical examination revealed generalized muscle wasting except for hypertrophy of bilateral shoulder muscles, and a deltoid muscle biopsy revealed deposition of amorphous material. What is your diagnosis?
Unmasking Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prehospital Sedation and Restraint Practices—Beyond the Straps
Authors: Utsha G. Khatri, Samuel E. Sondheim
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Diana M. Bongiorno, MD, MPH; Gregory A. Peters, MD; Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, MD, MPhil, MSHP; Scott A. Goldberg, MD, MPH; Remle P. Crowe, PhD; Anjali Misra, MD, MPH; Rebecca E. Cash, PhD, MPH
Sitting by the Window During Your Appointment
Authors: Michael Wynn
Journal: JAMA (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Accelerated Aging—A Phenomenon in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Smita Bhatia, F. Lennie Wong
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Predicting MHC-I ligands across alleles and species: how far can we go?
Authors: Daniel M. Tadros, Julien Racle, David Gfeller
Journal: Genome Medicine (2025)

CD8+ T-cell activation is initiated by the recognition of epitopes presented on class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules. Identifying such epitopes is useful for molecular understanding of cellular immune responses and can guide the development of personalized vaccines for various diseases including cancer. For a few hundred common human and mouse MHC-I alleles, large datasets of ligands are available and machine learning MHC-I ligand predictors trained on such data reach high prediction accuracy. However, for the vast majority of other MHC-I alleles, no ligand is known. We capitalize on an expanded architecture of our MHC-I ligand predictor (MixMHCpred3.0) to systematically assess the extent to which predictions of MHC-I ligands can be applied to MHC-I alleles that currently lack known ligand data. Our results reveal high prediction accuracy for most MHC-I alleles in human and in laboratory mouse strains, but significantly lower accuracy in other species. Our work further outlines some of the molecular determinants of MHC-I ligand prediction accuracy across alleles and species. Robust benchmarking on external data shows that our MHC-I ligand predictor demonstrates competitive performance relative to other state-of-the-art MHC-I ligand predictors and can be used for CD8+ T-cell epitope predictions. Our work provides a valuable tool for predicting antigen presentation across all human and mouse MHC-I alleles. MixMHCpred3.0 tool is available at https://github.com/GfellerLab/MixMHCpred .
Early in the Morning
Authors: Jessica Keim-Malpass
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2025)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast JAMA+ AI Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2025 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Evolving antimicrobial resistance of extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative severe infections associated with conflict wounds in Ukraine: an observational study
Authors: Scott J C Pallett, Anna Morkowska, Stephen D Woolley, Viktoria V Potochilova, Kateryna L Rudnieva, Olga S Iungin, Vincenzo Sgro, Sara E Boyd, Nicola Reece, Zoe L Lambert, Ngee Keong Tan, Nabeela Mughal, Olena V Moshynets, Luke S P Moore, Matthew K O'Shea
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
Outcomes of frailty subgroups of older adults (age ≥ 70) treated with teclistamab: an International Myeloma Foundation immunotherapy database real-world analysis
Authors: Hira Mian, Thomas G. Martin, Gregory R. Pond, Sireesha Asoori, Rakesh Popat, Efstathios Kastritis, Joaquin Martinez-Lopez, Nadine Abdallah, Saurabh Chhabra, Ricardo Parrondo, Sikander Ailawadhi, Meletios A. Dimopoulos, Kwee Yong, Brian GM. Durie, Saad Z. Usmani, Yi Lin, Carlyn Rose Tan
Journal: Leukemia (2025)