tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health outcomes after myocardial infarction: A population study of 56 million people in England
Authors: Marlous Hall, Lesley Smith, Jianhua Wu, Chris Hayward, Jonathan A. Batty, Paul C. Lambert, Harry Hemingway, Chris P. Gale
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2024)

Background The occurrence of a range of health outcomes following myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the long-term risk of major health outcomes following MI and generate sociodemographic stratified risk charts in order to inform care recommendations in the post-MI period and underpin shared decision making. Methods and findings This nationwide cohort study includes all individuals aged ≥18 years admitted to one of 229 National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in England between 1 January 2008 and 31 January 2017 (final follow-up 27 March 2017). We analysed 11 non-fatal health outcomes (subsequent MI and first hospitalisation for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, severe bleeding, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, dementia, depression, and cancer) and all-cause mortality. Of the 55,619,430 population of England, 34,116,257 individuals contributing to 145,912,852 hospitalisations were included (mean age 41.7 years (standard deviation [SD 26.1]); n = 14,747,198 (44.2%) male). There were 433,361 individuals with MI (mean age 67.4 years [SD 14.4)]; n = 283,742 (65.5%) male). Following MI, all-cause mortality was the most frequent event (adjusted cumulative incidence at 9 years 37.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [37.6,37.9]), followed by heart failure (29.6%; 95% CI [29.4,29.7]), renal failure (27.2%; 95% CI [27.0,27.4]), atrial fibrillation (22.3%; 95% CI [22.2,22.5]), severe bleeding (19.0%; 95% CI [18.8,19.1]), diabetes (17.0%; 95% CI [16.9,17.1]), cancer (13.5%; 95% CI [13.3,13.6]), cerebrovascular disease (12.5%; 95% CI [12.4,12.7]), depression (8.9%; 95% CI [8.7,9.0]), dementia (7.8%; 95% CI [7.7,7.9]), subsequent MI (7.1%; 95% CI [7.0,7.2]), and peripheral arterial disease (6.5%; 95% CI [6.4,6.6]). Compared with a risk-set matched population of 2,001,310 individuals, first hospitalisation of all non-fatal health outcomes were increased after MI, except for dementia (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.01; 95% CI [0.99,1.02]; p = 0.468) and cancer (aHR 0.56; 95% CI [0.56,0.57]; p &lt; 0.001). The study includes data from secondary care only—as such diagnoses made outside of secondary care may have been missed leading to the potential underestimation of the total burden of disease following MI. Conclusions In this study, up to a third of patients with MI developed heart failure or renal failure, 7% had another MI, and 38% died within 9 years (compared with 35% deaths among matched individuals). The incidence of all health outcomes, except dementia and cancer, was higher than expected during the normal life course without MI following adjustment for age, sex, year, and socioeconomic deprivation. Efforts targeted to prevent or limit the accrual of chronic, multisystem disease states following MI are needed and should be guided by the demographic-specific risk charts derived in this study.
Bon appetit. Diarrhoea after eating mushrooms
Authors: Chloé Bruneau, Jérémy Lecot, Gaëtan D’Aillières, Alexis Descatha
Journal: BMJ (2024)

A woman in her 40s presented to her doctor with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.Symptoms had started within two to three hours of eating an omelette made with wild mushrooms the family had picked-what they thought were "parasols" (fig 1, top panel), but on the basis of their description by the patient were probably another mushroom species (fig 1, bottom panel).The patient did not report any confusion, excess sweating, hallucinations, blurred vision, difficulty breathing, or discomfort.She had no history of medical conditions.On examination she showed no signs of dehydration or skin abnormalities.Heart rate and blood pressure were within normal limits.The patient's husband and young daughter had similar gastrointestinal symptoms.The patient's son had not eaten the omelette or any wild mushrooms and was asymptomatic.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage* of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Were Advised During the Past 12 Months by a Doctor or Other Health Professional to Increase Their Amount of Physical Activity or Exercise,† by Age Group and Sex — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2022§
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

49 50-64 Age group, yrs Men Women * With 95% CIs indicated by error bars.† Based on a response of "yes" to the survey question, "During the past 12 months, has a doctor or other health professional advised you to increase the amount of physical activity or exercise you get?" § Estimates are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population.In 2022, among adults aged ≥18 years, women were more likely than men (22.9% versus 17.8%) to be advised during the past 12 months by a doctor or other health professional to increase their amount of physical activity or exercise.Percentages were higher among women than men in all age groups: 16.2% versus 9.5% among adults aged 18-34 years, 23.5% versus 18.6% among those aged 35-49 years, 27.5% versus 23.3% among those aged 50-64 years, and 25.3% versus 22.1% among those aged ≥65 years.Among both men and women, the percentage of those who were advised during the past 12 months by a doctor or other health professional to increase their amount of physical activity or exercise was lowest among those aged 18-34 years.
Circulating Leukocyte Subsets Before and After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Jacob K. Kresovich, Katie M. O’Brien, Zongli Xu, Clarice R. Weinberg, Dale P. Sandler, Jack A. Taylor
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Changes in leukocyte composition often precede chronic disease onset. Patients with a history of breast cancer (hereinafter referred to as breast cancer survivors) are at increased risk for subsequent chronic diseases, but the long-term changes in peripheral leukocyte composition following a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment remain unknown. Objective To examine longitudinal changes in peripheral leukocyte composition in women who did and did not develop breast cancer and identify whether differences in breast cancer survivors were associated with specific treatments. Design, Setting, and Participants In this prospective cohort study, paired blood samples were collected from 2315 women enrolled in The Sister Study, a US-nationwide prospective cohort study of 50 884 women, at baseline (July 2003 to March 2009) and follow-up (October 2013 to March 2015) home visits, with a mean (SD) follow-up interval of 7.6 (1.4) years. By design, approximately half of the included women had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer after enrollment and before the second blood draw. A total of 410 women were included in the present study, including 185 breast cancer survivors and 225 who remained free of breast cancer over a comparable follow-up period. Data were analyzed from April 21 to September 9, 2022. Exposures Breast cancer status and, among breast cancer survivors, cancer treatment type (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, or surgery). Main Outcomes and Measures Blood DNA methylation data were generated in 2019 using a genome-wide methylation screening tool and deconvolved to estimate percentages of 12 circulating leukocyte subsets. Results Of the 410 women included in the analysis, the mean (SD) age at enrollment was 56 (9) years. Compared with breast cancer–free women, breast cancer survivors had decreased percentages of circulating eosinophils (−0.45% [95% CI, −0.87% to −0.03%]; P = .03), total CD4 + helper T cells (−1.50% [95% CI, −2.56% to −0.44%]; P = .01), and memory B cells (−0.22% [95% CI, −0.34% to −0.09%]; P = .001) and increased percentages of circulating naive B cells (0.46% [95% CI, 0.17%-0.75%]; P = .002). In breast cancer survivor–only analyses, radiotherapy was associated with decreases in total CD4 + T cell levels, whereas chemotherapy was associated with increases in naive B cell levels. Surgery and endocrine therapy were not meaningfully associated with leukocyte changes. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of 410 women, breast cancer survivors experienced lasting changes in peripheral leukocyte composition compared with women who remained free of breast cancer. These changes may be related to treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and could influence future chronic disease risk.
Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Michael Noetel, Taren Sanders, Daniel Gallardo-Gómez, Paul Taylor, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Daniel van den Hoek, Jordan J Smith, John Mahoney, Jemima Spathis, Mark Moresi, Rebecca Pagano, Lisa Pagano, Roberta Vasconcellos, Hugh Arnott, Benjamin Varley, Philip Parker, Stuart Biddle, Chris Lonsdale
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Abstract Objective To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were performed for the primary analyses. Quality of the evidence for each arm was graded using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) online tool. Data sources Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Any randomised trial with exercise arms for participants meeting clinical cut-offs for major depression. Results 218 unique studies with a total of 495 arms and 14 170 participants were included. Compared with active controls (eg, usual care, placebo tablet), moderate reductions in depression were found for walking or jogging (n=1210, κ=51, Hedges’ g −0.62, 95% credible interval −0.80 to −0.45), yoga (n=1047, κ=33, g −0.55, −0.73 to −0.36), strength training (n=643, κ=22, g −0.49, −0.69 to −0.29), mixed aerobic exercises (n=1286, κ=51, g −0.43, −0.61 to −0.24), and tai chi or qigong (n=343, κ=12, g −0.42, −0.65 to −0.21). The effects of exercise were proportional to the intensity prescribed. Strength training and yoga appeared to be the most acceptable modalities. Results appeared robust to publication bias, but only one study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. As a result, confidence in accordance with CINeMA was low for walking or jogging and very low for other treatments. Conclusions Exercise is an effective treatment for depression, with walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training more effective than other exercises, particularly when intense. Yoga and strength training were well tolerated compared with other treatments. Exercise appeared equally effective for people with and without comorbidities and with different baseline levels of depression. To mitigate expectancy effects, future studies could aim to blind participants and staff. These forms of exercise could be considered alongside psychotherapy and antidepressants as core treatments for depression. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018118040.
Measles: increasing vaccine uptake is vital in preventing outbreaks
Authors: Amanda Healy
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Measles: increasing vaccine uptake is vital in preventing outbreaks Reversing MMR vaccination rates and building vaccine confidence in local communities is critical to avert future measles outbreaks, says Amanda Healy Amanda Healy lead for health protectionMeasles is on the rise with 240 cases in England in January 2024, compared with an average of just 107 a year in the first five years after the two dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme was introduced in 1996. 1 For those of us working in public health, the situation is concerning, but not at all surprising.Despite offering the best protection against measles, vaccination rates have fallen, with coverage as low as 60% in some areas. 2 Of course, 60% is still the majority, and in many areas the rates of parents bringing children forward for vaccination are fortunately much higher.
Recent outcomes of liver transplantation for Budd-Chiari syndrome: A study of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) and affiliated centers
Authors: Edo Dongelmans, Nicole Erler, Rene Adam, Silvio Nadalin, Vincent Karam, Sezai Yilmaz, Claire Kelly, Jacques Pirenne, Koray Acarli, Michael Allison, Abdul Hakeem, Vijayanand Dhakshinamoorthy, Dzmitry Fedaruk, Oleg Rummo, Murat Kilic, Arno Nordin, Lutz Fischer, Alessandro Parente, Darius Mirza, William Bennet, Yaman Tokat, Francois Faitot, Barbara B. Antonelli, Gabriela Berlakovich, David Patch, Frederik Berrevoet, Marija Ribnikar, Theophile Gerster, Eric Savier, Salvatore Gruttadauria, Bo-Göran Ericzon, Andrés Valdivieso, Valentin Cuervas-Mons, Baltasar Perez Saborido, Roland S. Croner, Luciano De Carlis, Giulia Magini, Roberta Rossi, Irinel Popescu, Laze Razvan, Stefan Schneeberger, Hans Blokzijl, Laura Llado, Miguel Angel Gomez Bravo, Christophe Duvoux, Vladimír Mezjlík, Gabriel C. Oniscu, Kelsey Pearson, Murat Dayangac, Valerio Lucidi, Olivier Detry, Fernando Rotellar, Caroline den Hoed, Wojciech G. Polak, Sarwa Darwish Murad
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: Management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) has improved over the last decades. The main aim was to evaluate the contemporary post-liver transplant (post-LT) outcomes in Europe. Approach and Results: Data from all patients who underwent transplantation from 1976 to 2020 was obtained from the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR). Patients &lt; 16 years, with secondary BCS or HCC were excluded. Patient survival (PS) and graft survival (GS) before and after 2000 were compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified predictors of PS and GS after 2000. Supplemental data was requested from all ELTR-affiliated centers and received from 44. In all, 808 patients underwent transplantation between 2000 and 2020. One-, 5- and 10-year PS was 84%, 77%, and 68%, and GS was 79%, 70%, and 62%, respectively. Both significantly improved compared to outcomes before 2000 ( p &lt; 0.001). Median follow-up was 50 months and retransplantation rate was 12%. Recipient age (aHR:1.04,95%CI:1.02–1.06) and MELD score (aHR:1.04,95%CI:1.01–1.06), especially above 30, were associated with worse PS, while male sex had better outcomes (aHR:0.63,95%CI:0.41–0.96). Donor age was associated with worse PS (aHR:1.01,95%CI:1.00–1.03) and GS (aHR:1.02,95%CI:1.01–1.03). In 353 patients (44%) with supplemental data, 33% had myeloproliferative neoplasm, 20% underwent TIPS pre-LT, and 85% used anticoagulation post-LT. Post-LT anticoagulation was associated with improved PS (aHR:0.29,95%CI:0.16–0.54) and GS (aHR:0.48,95%CI:0.29–0.81). Hepatic artery thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) occurred in 9% and 7%, while recurrent BCS was rare (3%). Conclusions: LT for BCS results in excellent patient- and graft-survival. Older recipient or donor age and higher MELD are associated with poorer outcomes, while long-term anticoagulation improves both patient and graft outcomes.
Considerations for Prompting Large Language Models—Reply
Authors: Shan Chen, Guergana K. Savova, Danielle S. Bitterman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

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Development and evaluation of a simple treatment eligibility score (HEPSANET) to decentralise hepatitis B care in Africa: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nicolas Minier, Alice Nanelin Guingané, Edith Okeke, Edford Sinkala, Asgeir Johannessen, Monique I Andersson, Pantong Davwar, Hailemichael Desalegn, Mary Duguru, Fatou Fall, Souleyman Mboup, Tongai Maponga, Philippa C Matthews, Adrià Ramírez Mena, Gibril Ndow, Stian M S Orlien, Nicholas Riches, Moussa Seydi, Mark Sonderup, C Wendy Spearman, Alexander J Stockdale, Jantjie Taljaard, Michael Vinikoor, Gilles Wandeler, Maud Lemoine, Yusuke Shimakawa, Roger Sombié
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Direct-acting antiviral therapies for hepatitis C infection: global registration, reimbursement, and restrictions
Authors: Alison D Marshall, Alex R Willing, Abe Kairouz, Evan B Cunningham, Alice Wheeler, Nicholas O’Brien, Vidura Perera, John W Ward, Lindsey Hiebert, Louisa Degenhardt, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Samantha Colledge, Matthew Hickman, Danielle Jawad, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Gail V Matthews, Andrew Scheibe, Peter Vickerman, Gregory J Dore, Jason Grebely, N. Sargsyants, L. Suleymanova, N. Salkic, M. Simonova, T. Nemeth-Blazic, V. Mravcik, K. Kivimets, R. Salupere, M. Butsashvili, G. Soselia, M. Makara, I. Tolmane, L. Jancorienė, S. Stratulat, R. Flisiak, L. Gheorghe, R. Cernat, A. Lakhov, O. Stanevich, P. Jarcuska, M. Peck-Radosavljevic, G. Robaeys, A. Øvrehus, G. Foster, J. Sutinen, M. Farkkila, H. Rautiainen, S. Vuoti, D. Nikolova, J.M. Pawlotsky, J. Rockstroh, V. Sypsa, G. Papatheodoridis, S. Olafsson, E. Feeney, E. Teti, C. Seguin-Devaux, J. Pocock, S. Reiff, N. McDougall, M. Van der Valk, O. Dalgard, R. Tato Marinho, J. Dillon, E. Peters, K. Bojovic, M. Matičič, M. Kåberg, P. Bruggmann, B. Healy, V.H. Chong, S. Yi, J. Tucker, L.R. Pasaribu, J. Tanaka, E.A. Ashley, M.R. Abu Hassan, N.S. Mohammed, H.K. Chan, S. Gidaagaya, K.P. Kyi, K. Hyung Joon, B. Chin, P.C. Baladjay, J.H. Kao, T. Wansom, B. da Cruz, B. Flower, E. Ehsan, M. Al Mahtab, L. Khandu, A.S. Bhadoria, M. Alavi, P. KC, S. Hamid, S. Biryukov, D. Alymbaeva, A. Alaei, S. Bakieva, D. Flichman, R.F. Carmo, E. Valdez, C.P. Cortes, F. Contreras, E. Teran, P. Velez-Moller, T. Jagnarine, M. Mills, D. Goodman-Meza, J. Sánchez, J.J. Montenegro-Idrogo, A.M. Lugo Canales, J. Davy, A. Alexander, S. Gerona, R. Perazzo, D. Balak, A. Kelly-Hanku, A. Fineanganofo, E. Gane, N. Raymond, N. Debzi, K. Sridharan, I. Waked, D. Turner, O. Shibolet, A. Al Muzaini, M. El Nakib, D.S. Sheriff, T. Brahni, T. Essayagh, S. Essayagh, D. Hjaija, K. Al-Naamani, F.M. Sanai, H. Pasquale, S. Bedri, M. Chakroun, A. Ghrabi, U.S. Akarca, V. Falcao, S. Edmond Gbedo, S. Ouoba, F. Nyabenda, M. Rocher Mbella, A. Mahamat Moussa, T. Youssouf, Y. Boniface, T. Akilimali Shindano, M.E. Hamida, A. Mongo, C. Mapapa, H. Desalegn, E.L.A. Embinga, G. Ndow, Y. Nartey, M. Cisse, M.A. Djalo, M. Mugambi, M. Nyakowa, M.K. Jeuronlon, J. Ngoma, R. Manitrala Ramanampamonjy, K. Naik, M.D. Soyjaudah, E. Filipe, E. Nnakelu, J. Serumondo, M. Mbodj, M. Patino, M.K. Aalto, P. Waweru, A. Dagnra, P. Ocama, A. Maghimbi, B.M. Hamooya, L. Katsidzira, C. Rios, M. Thormann, N. Al Marzooqi, H.M. Al Rand, K. Francois, W. Hamoudi, M. Alkharty, O. Skripo, T. Uka
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Beyond binary: bridging neutrophil diversity to new therapeutic approaches in NSCLC
Authors: Lena Horvath, Constanze Puschmann, Alexandra Scheiber, Agnieszka Martowicz, Gregor Sturm, Zlatko Trajanoski, Dominik Wolf, Andreas Pircher, Stefan Salcher
Journal: Trends in cancer (2024)

Neutrophils represent the most abundant myeloid cell subtype in the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumor microenvironment (TME). By anti- or protumor polarization, they impact multiple aspects of tumor biology and affect sensitivity to conventional therapies and immunotherapies. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses have unraveled an extensive neutrophil heterogeneity, helping our understanding of their pleiotropic role. In this review we summarize recent data and models on tumor-associated neutrophil (TAN) biology, focusing on the diversity that evolves in response to tumor-intrinsic cues. We categorize available transcriptomic profiles from different cancer entities into a defined set of neutrophil subclusters with distinct phenotypic properties, to step beyond the traditional binary N1/2 classification. Finally, we discuss potential ways to exploit these neutrophil states in the setting of anticancer therapy.
Re: Gemcitabine and Cisplatin plus Nivolumab as Organ-sparing Treatment for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase 2 Trial. Galsky MD, Daneshmand S, Izadmehr S, et al. Nat Med 2023;29:2825–34
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Ekaterina Laukhtina
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Under-representation of the WHO African region in clinical trials of interventions against hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Marion Delphin, Khadija Said Mohammed, Louise O Downs, Sheila F Lumley, Elizabeth Waddilove, Dorcas Okanda, Nadia Aliyan, Marije Van Schalkwyk, Motswedi Anderson, Ponsiano Ocama, Tongai Maponga, Judith Torimiro, Collins Iwuji, Thumbi Ndung'u, Philippa C Matthews, Jantjie Taljaard
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)
Progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis: a Lancet Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology Commission update
Authors: Graham S Cooke, Barnaby Flower, Evan Cunningham, Alison D Marshall, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Adam Palayew, Jidong Jia, Rakesh Aggarwal, Mamum Al-Mahtab, Yashuito Tanaka, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Kittiyod Poovorawan, Imam Waked, Lindsey Hiebert, Pham M Khue, Jason Grebely, Diana Alcantara-Payawal, Juan F Sanchez-Avila, Charles Mbendi, David H Muljono, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Hailemichael Desalegn, Saeed Hamid, Alexandre de Araujo, Hugo Cheinquer, Charles A Onyekwere, Ruslan Malyuta, Iryna Ivanchuk, David L Thomas, Nikolay Pimenov, Vladimir Chulanov, Mae Ashworth Dirac, Hannah Han, John W Ward
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2024)