tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0296 MEASUREMENT OF 25(OH)VITAMIN D AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITIONAL GUIDANCE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: S. Ito, M. Sudo, S. Takamura, D. Kobayashi, K. Funnamura, A. Abe, H. Otani, K. Nakazono, A. Murasawa, I. Narita, H. Ishikawa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
AB0426 LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION OF NEUTROPHIL-TO-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO IN GUSELKUMAB-TREATED PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC DISEASE AND LEVELS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: POST HOC ANALYSIS OF 4 PHASE 3, RANDOMIZED, CONTROLLED STUDIES
Authors: J. F. Merola, A. Ogdie, A. Kavanaugh, E. Leibowitz, E. Rampakakis, F. Nantel, F. Lavie, K. Rowland, E. R. Soriano
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
OP0120 EFFECTIVENESS AND COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF PATIENT-INITIATED FOLLOW-UP SUPPORTED BY ASYNCHRONOUS TELEMONITORING IN SPONDYLOARTHRITIS (TeleSpA-STUDY): A PRAGMATIC MULTICENTRE RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: K. Hermans, C. Webers, A. Boonen, H. E. Vonkeman, A. Van Tubergen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS0635 PREDICTORS OF CLINICAL REMISSION IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS TREATED WITH JAK INHIBITORS: THE TBCR STUDY
Authors: S. Asai, K. Terabe, N. Takahashi, Y. Yoshioka, T. Watanabe, T. Kojima, T. Kobayakawa, Y. Sobue, Y. Kanayama, T. Matsumoto, Y. Hirano, T. Kato, T. Fujibayashi, M. Hanabayashi, T. Nishiume, M. Suzuki, S. Imagama
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS0975 THE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IMPACT OF DISEASE 12-ITEM QUESTIONNAIRE CAN REPLACE OTHER PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES TO FACILITATE DISEASE MONITORING IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: R. M. Hum, L. Tze-Hao, K. Hasanein, M. S. Aleem, A. T. Abdulsalam, Z. Mobarak, J. Williams, C. Clegg, A. Cheung, A. Choyce, A. Adhikarla, A. Newton, A. Barton, P. Ho
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
AB0430 CHARACTERISING AXIAL INFLAMMATION IN PSORIATIC PATIENTS EXCLUDED BY THE ASAS axSpA ENTRY CRITERIA: FINDINGS FROM THE ATTRACT STUDY
Authors: A. Agostinelli, V. Paci, I. Cimaroli, R. Sordillo, F. Fiorini, M. Ciferri, M. Carotti, F. Sessa, M. Giannoni, A. Campanati, A. M. Offidani, A. Giovagnoni, G. Polonara, D. Benfaremo, E. Lubrano, G. Moroncini, F. Proft, D. Poddubnyy, M. M. Luchetti
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS0624 REAL-WORLD EFFECTIVENESS OF TOFACITINIB IN MONOTHERAPY OR IN COMBINATION WITH csDMARDs IN SUBGROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A COLLABORATION BETWEEN DUTCH REGISTRIES (TOFADUDAP STUDY)
Authors: I. Nevins, A. A. Den Broeder, P. S. M. Groenen, P. D. M. De Buck, F. Reimann, R. Bos, W. Drossaers-Bakker, M. Hegeman, H. Van Groenendael, H. K. Glas, T. Huizinga, C. F. Allaart, S. A. Bergstra
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
OP0272 SINGLE-CELL ANALYSIS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS IDENTIFIES IMMUNE SIGNATURES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Y. Tan, T. Bhatt, M. Sutcliffe, J. Fitton, P. Emery, A. Aslam, M. Menon, D. Plant, M. Buch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS1156 THE ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUG IGURATIMOD MITIGATES DISUSE OSTEOPOROSIS IN MICE BY INHIBITING SCLEROSTIN AND RANKL PRODUCTION THROUGH THE ERK/EGR1/TNF-Α PATHWAY IN OSTEOCYTES
Authors: T. Miura, K. Ebina, Y. Etani, T. Noguchi, M. Hirao, K. Takami, A. Goshima, T. Kurihara, Y. Fukuda, N. Ochiai, T. Kanamoto, K. Nakata, S. Okada
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS1031 COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF TOCILIZUMAB BIOSIMILAR IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN SPAIN
Authors: F. Pérez-Ruiz, C. Crespo-Diz, A. Gómez-de Póo, C. Crespo, M. A. Guigini, J. I. Peinado-Fabregat, J. A. Schoenenberger-Arnaiz, M. Climente
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
OP0078 THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: CRP-ASSOCIATED PHENOTYPES AND PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: C. Sieiro Santos, M. Retuerto-Guerrero, P. Pérez-García, J. Ordas Martínez, P. Baenas González, C. Álvarez Castro, C. Díez, C. Moriano, I. González, I. González Fernández, E. Diez Álvarez
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
AB0274 REGRESSION MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF RISK OF SARCOPENIA AMONG YOUNG ADULTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: M. Kulyk, A. Novytska, R. Potomka, O. Ivashkivsky, T. Karasevska, H. Mostbauer, R. Lories, K. De Vlam, M. Dzhus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
Factors Underlying Reduced Hospitalizations for Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Andrew D. Wilcock, Jose R. Zubizarreta, Rishi K. Wadhera, Robert W. Yeh, Kori S. Zachrison, Lee H. Schwamm, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Importance The incidence of hospital encounters for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreased sharply early in the COVID-19 pandemic and has not returned to prepandemic levels. There has been an ongoing debate about what mechanism may underlie this decline, including patients avoiding the hospital for treatment, excess mortality from COVID-19 among patients who would otherwise have had an AMI, a reduction in the incidence or severity of AMIs due to pandemic-related changes in behavior, or a preexisting temporal trend of lower AMI incidence. Objective To describe drivers of changing incidence in AMI hospital encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used traditional Medicare claims from all patients enrolled in traditional Medicare from January 2016 to June 2023 (total of 2.85 billion patient-months) to calculate the rate of AMI hospital encounters (emergency department visits, observation stays, or inpatient admissions) per capita at all short-term acute care and critical access hospitals in the United States overall and by patient characteristics. Observed rates were compared with expected rates that accounted for shifts in population characteristics and the prepandemic temporal trend (as estimated over 2016-2019). Data were analyzed in November 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Hospital encounters for AMI. Results On average, the study sample included 31 623 928 patients each month from January 2016 through June 2023, for a total of 2 846 153 487 patient-months during the 90-month study period. In June 2023, there were 0.044 AMI hospital encounters per 100 patients, which was 20% lower than in June 2019 (0.055 encounters per 100 patients). Early in the pandemic, AMI rates moved inversely with COVID-19 death rates and tracked patterns seen for other painful acute conditions, such as nephrolithiasis, suggesting these changes were associated with care avoidance. Changes in patient characteristics driven by excess deaths during the pandemic explained little of the decline. Later in the pandemic, the decline may be explained by the long-standing downward trend in AMI incidence; by April 2022, the observed rate of encounters matched the expected rate that accounted for this trend. During the full pandemic period, from March 2020 to June 2023, there were an estimated 5% (95% prediction interval, 1%-9%) fewer AMI hospital encounters than expected. Conclusions and Relevance The early reduction in AMI encounters was likely driven by care avoidance, while ongoing reductions through June 2023 likely reflect long-standing temporal trends. During the pandemic, there were 5% fewer AMI encounters than expected.
AB0401 EFFECTS OF GUSELKUMAB ON cDAPSA DISEASE ACTIVITY STATE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH LONG-TERM RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH MODERATELY-HIGHLY ACTIVE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: POST HOC ANALYSES OF PHASE 3 RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDIES
Authors: P. J. Mease, A. B. Gottlieb, I. B. Mc Innes, N. J. Shiff, E. Rampakakis, F. Nantel, F. Lavie, P. Rahman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
OP0220 SCREENING TOOLS FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEARS TO DIFFERENTIATE VEXAS SYNDROME FROM DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES: VACUOLES IN CIRCULATING IMMATURE MYELOID CELLS AND DEEP LEARNING ANALYSIS OF MATURE MYELOID CELLS IMAGE
Authors: V. Lacombe, G. Urbanski, C. Lavigne, C. Ravaiau, F. Genevieve, F. Chabrun
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
Noninferiority of 16-Week vs 8-Week Guselkumab Dosing in Super Responders for Maintaining Control of Psoriasis
Authors: Kilian Eyerich, Khusru Asadullah, Andreas Pinter, Peter Weisenseel, Kristian Reich, Carle Paul, Robert Sabat, Kerstin Wolk, Stefanie Eyerich, Felix Lauffer, Julianty Angsana, Friedemann J. H. Taut, Kristen Kohler, Yanqing Chen, Jocelyn Sendecki, Monica W. L. Leung, Sven Wegner, Yvonne Personke, Mario Gomez, Nenja Krüger, Sarah Tabori, Knut Schäkel
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unmet needs for tailored treatment and therapy de-escalation strategies.
Immune-Mediated and Psychiatric Comorbidities Among Patients Newly Diagnosed With Alopecia Areata
Authors: Arash Mostaghimi, Ahmed M. Soliman, Chao Li, Yazan K. Barqawi, Ayman Grada
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Alopecia areata (AA) has been associated with multiple comorbidities, yet information regarding the timing of comorbidity development after AA diagnosis is limited.
Experience of Chronic Kidney Disease and Perceptions of Transplantation by Sex
Authors: Latame Komla Adoli, Arnaud Campeon, Valérie Chatelet, Cécile Couchoud, Thierry Lobbedez, Florian Bayer, Elsa Vabret, Eric Daugas, Cécile Vigneau, Jean-Philippe Jais, Sahar Bayat-Makoei
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The pathway to kidney transplantation (KT) begins with the patient’s acceptance of this surgical procedure after discussion with the nephrologist. The patients’ perceptions of the disease and of KT may influence their willingness to undergo transplantation. Objective To describe patients’ experiences of kidney disease and their perceptions of KT and the nephrologists’ perceptions of the patient experience. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study collected data through semistructured interviews with patients with chronic kidney disease and nephrologists in the Bretagne, Île-de-France and Normandie regions, France. Researchers involved in the study in each region purposely selected 99 patients with chronic kidney disease who initiated dialysis in 2021, based on their age, sex, dialysis facility ownership, and also 45 nephrologists, based on their sex and years of experience. Data analysis was performed from January to October 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis. Specific characteristics of men and women as well as the nephrologist’s views for each theme were described. Results This study included 42 men and 57 women (56 [57%] aged 60 years or older) who started dialysis in 2021 and 45 nephrologists (23 women and 22 men). Six major themes were identified: (1) burden of chronic kidney disease on patients and their families, (2) health care professional–patient relationship and other factors that modulate chronic kidney disease acceptance, (3) dialysis perceived as a restrictive treatment, (4) patients’ representation of the kidney graft, (5) role of past experiences in KT perception, and (6) dualistic perception of KT. In some cases, women and nephrologists indicated that women’s perceptions and experiences were different than men’s; for example, the disease’s psychological impact and the living donor KT refusal were mainly reported by 8 women. Conclusions and Relevance Patients’ past experience of chronic kidney disease in general and of KT in particular, as well as their relationship with their family and nephrologist, were substantial determinants of KT perception in this qualitative study. Targeted policies on these different factors might help to improve access to KT, and more research is needed to understand whether there are sex-based disparities.
Trust in Physicians and Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a 50-State Survey of US Adults
Authors: Roy H. Perlis, Katherine Ognyanova, Ata Uslu, Kristin Lunz Trujillo, Mauricio Santillana, James N. Druckman, Matthew A. Baum, David Lazer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Trust in physicians and hospitals has been associated with achieving public health goals, but the increasing politicization of public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected such trust. Objective To characterize changes in US adults’ trust in physicians and hospitals over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between this trust and health-related behaviors. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study uses data from 24 waves of a nonprobability internet survey conducted between April 1, 2020, and January 31, 2024, among 443 455 unique respondents aged 18 years or older residing in the US, with state-level representative quotas for race and ethnicity, age, and gender. Main Outcome and Measure Self-report of trust in physicians and hospitals; self-report of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza vaccination and booster status. Survey-weighted regression models were applied to examine associations between sociodemographic features and trust and between trust and health behaviors. Results The combined data included 582 634 responses across 24 survey waves, reflecting 443 455 unique respondents. The unweighted mean (SD) age was 43.3 (16.6) years; 288 186 respondents (65.0%) reported female gender; 21 957 (5.0%) identified as Asian American, 49 428 (11.1%) as Black, 38 423 (8.7%) as Hispanic, 3138 (0.7%) as Native American, 5598 (1.3%) as Pacific Islander, 315 278 (71.1%) as White, and 9633 (2.2%) as other race and ethnicity (those who selected “Other” from a checklist). Overall, the proportion of adults reporting a lot of trust for physicians and hospitals decreased from 71.5% (95% CI, 70.7%-72.2%) in April 2020 to 40.1% (95% CI, 39.4%-40.7%) in January 2024. In regression models, features associated with lower trust as of spring and summer 2023 included being 25 to 64 years of age, female gender, lower educational level, lower income, Black race, and living in a rural setting. These associations persisted even after controlling for partisanship. In turn, greater trust was associated with greater likelihood of vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.94; 95 CI, 4.21-5.80) or influenza (adjusted OR, 5.09; 95 CI, 3.93-6.59) and receiving a SARS-CoV-2 booster (adjusted OR, 3.62; 95 CI, 2.99-4.38). Conclusions and Relevance This survey study of US adults suggests that trust in physicians and hospitals decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. As lower levels of trust were associated with lesser likelihood of pursuing vaccination, restoring trust may represent a public health imperative.
POS0718 NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING IDENTIFIES DIFFERENCES IN THE TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILE OF PRETREATMENT EARLY RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS SYNOVIAL TISSUE FROM RESPONDERS AND NON RESPONDERS TARGETED TO ADALIMUMAB
Authors: K. Lowe, A. Small, S. Wei Wong, H. Weedon, C. Altmann, S. M. Proudman, M. D. Smith, C. Kok, M. Wechalekar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS0786 EFFECT OF LORECIVIVINT ON CARTILAGE REPAIR IN A MOUSE MODEL OF JOINT SURFACE INJURY
Authors: A. J. Roelofs, S. M. Clark, J. J. Mcclure, R. A. Symons, I. Cunningham, M. Robertson, A. Richmond, F. L. Collins, S. Kennedy, J. R. S. Tambiah, C. De Bari
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
OP0195 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SONELOKIMAB, A NOVEL IL-17A- AND IL-17F-INHIBITING NANOBODY®, IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (PsA): RESULTS FROM THE GLOBAL, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED PHASE 2 ARGO TRIAL
Authors: I. B. Mc Innes, L. C. Coates, P. J. Mease, A. Ogdie, A. Kavanaugh, L. Eder, G. Schett, A. Kivitz, N. Brennan, A. Godwood, E. Cullen, K. Reich, C. T. Ritchlin, J. F. Merola
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
AB0473 THE USE OF DISEASE ACTIVITY THRESHOLDS FOR THE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS IMPACT OF DISEASE (PSAID-12) QUESTIONNAIRE TO ASSESS PATIENT PERCEPTIONS OF DISEASE BURDEN IN PATIENTS WITH EARLY OLIGOARTICULAR PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS TREATED WITH APREMILAST IN THE FOREMOST STUDY
Authors: L. Gossec, L. C. Coates, D. D. Gladman, A. Ogdie, P. Nash, D. Poddubnyy, A. Kavanaugh, A. Armstrong, C. Selmi, R. Queiro, C. Deignan, R. Wang, J. Reddy, M. Brunori, P. J. Mease
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
POS1229 DEFICIENT IMMUNOMODULATING EFFECTS OF PLATELETS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS CONTRIBUTE TO Th17 AXIS REGULATION
Authors: G. Cafaro, M. I. Christodoulou, S. Cipriani, M. Sebastiano, C. Perricone, O. Bistoni, R. Gerli, E. Bartoloni
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations for Neonatal Perioperative Care
Authors: Mercedes Pilkington, Gregg Nelson, Brandon Pentz, Tyara Marchand, Erin Lloyd, Priscilla P. L. Chiu, David de Beer, Nicole de Silva, Scott Else, Annie Fecteau, Stefano Giuliani, Simon Hannam, Alexandra Howlett, Kyong-Soon Lee, David Levin, Lorna O’Rourke, Lori Stephen, Lauren Wilson, Mary E. Brindle
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Importance Neonates requiring surgery are often cared for in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Despite a breadth of surgical pathology, neonates share many perioperative priorities that allow for the development of unit-wide evidence-based Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) recommendations. Observations The guideline development committee included pediatric surgeons, anesthesiologists, neonatal nurses, and neonatologists in addition to ERAS content and methodology experts. The patient population was defined as neonates (first 28 days of life) undergoing a major noncardiac surgical intervention while admitted to a NICU. After the first round of a modified Delphi technique, 42 topics for potential inclusion were developed. There was consensus to develop a search strategy and working group for 21 topic areas. A total of 5763 abstracts were screened, of which 98 full-text articles, ranging from low to high quality, were included. A total of 16 recommendations in 11 topic areas were developed with a separate working group commissioned for analgesia-related recommendations. Topics included team communication, preoperative fasting, temperature regulation, antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical site skin preparation, perioperative ventilation, fluid management, perioperative glucose control, transfusion thresholds, enteral feeds, and parental care encouragement. Although clinically relevant, there were insufficient data to develop recommendations concerning the use of nasogastric tubes, Foley catheters, and central lines. Conclusions and Relevance Despite varied pathology, neonatal perioperative care within NICUs allows for unit-based ERAS recommendations independent of the planned surgical procedure. The 16 recommendations within this ERAS guideline are intended to be implemented within NICUs to benefit all surgical neonates.
POS0976 APREMILAST TREATMENT IN EARLY OLIGOARTICULAR PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (PSA) IMPROVES CLINICAL AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOMES FOR UP TO 48 WEEKS - DATA FROM THE FOREMOST STUDY
Authors: L. Gossec, L. C. Coates, D. D. Gladman, A. Ogdie, A. Wells, J. F. Merola, P. Gisondi, A. Pinter, M. Kishimoto, J. Reddy, H. Amouzadeh, R. Wang, S. Jardon, M. Brunori, P. J. Mease
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
State Policies Regulating Firearms and Changes in Firearm Mortality
Authors: Terry L. Schell, Rosanna Smart, Matthew Cefalu, Beth Ann Griffin, Andrew R. Morral
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Despite high social and public health costs of firearm violence in the United States, the effects of many policies designed to reduce firearm mortality remain uncertain. Objective To estimate the individual and joint effect sizes of state firearm policies on firearm-related mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants In this comparative effectiveness study, bayesian methods were used to model panel data of annual, state-level mortality rates (1979-2019) for all US firearm decedents, with analyses conducted in October 2023. Exposures Six classes of firearms policies: background checks, minimum age, waiting periods, child access, concealed carry, and stand-your-ground laws. Main Outcome and Measures Primary outcomes (total firearm deaths, firearm homicide deaths, and firearm suicide deaths) were assessed using the National Vital Statistics System. Bayesian estimation was used to estimate the partial association of changes in firearms policies with subsequent changes in firearm mortality. Results The estimated effect sizes of individual policies 5 or more years after implementation were generally small in magnitude and had considerable uncertainty. The policy class with the highest probability of reducing firearm deaths was child-access prevention laws, estimated to reduce overall firearm mortality by 6% (80% credible interval [CrI], −2% to −9%). The policy class with the highest probability of increasing firearm deaths was stand-your-ground laws, estimated to increase firearm homicides by 6% (80% CrI, 0% to 13% increase). Estimates of association of implementing multiple firearm restrictions with subsequent changes in firearm mortality yielded larger effect sizes. Moving from the most permissive to most restrictive set of firearm policies was associated with an estimated 20% reduction in firearm deaths (80% CrI, 10% to 28% reduction), with a 0.99 probability of any reductions in firearm death rates. Conclusions and Relevance In this comparative effectiveness study of state firearm policies, the joint effect estimates of combinations of firearm laws were calculated, showing that restrictive firearm policies were associated with substantial reductions in firearm mortality. Although policymakers would benefit from knowing the effects of individual policies, the estimated changes in firearm mortality following implementation of individual policies were often small and uncertain.
Physiology during sleep in preterm infants: Implications for increased risk for the sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Rosemary SC. Horne, Inge Harrewijn, Carl E. Hunt
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2024)

Approximately 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks of completed gestation) worldwide annually. Although neonatal and perinatal medicine have contributed to the increased survival rate of preterm newborn infants, premature infants are at increased risk of mortality in the first years of life. Infants born preterm are at four times the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) compared to infants born at term. SIDS is believed to be multifactorial in origin. The Triple Risk hypothesis has been proposed to explain this. The model suggests that when a vulnerable infant, such as one born preterm, is at a critical but unstable developmental period in homeostatic control, death may occur if exposed to an exogenous stressor, such as being placed prone for sleep. The highest risk period is at ages 2–4 months, with 90 % of deaths occurring before 6 months. The final pathway to SIDS is widely believed to involve some combination of immature cardiorespiratory control and a failure of arousal from sleep. This review will focus on the physiological factors which increase the risk for SIDS in preterm infants and how these factors may be identified and potentially lead to effective preventative strategies.