tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Size, shape, and orientation of neurons in the left and right hippocampus: investigation of normal asymmetries and alterations in schizophrenia
Authors: D W Zaidel, M M Esiri, P J Harrison
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Schizophrenia may involve the two cerebral hemispheres differentially. This study was conducted to determine whether left and right hippocampal neuronal size, shape, and orientation are normally asymmetrical or asymmetrically affected in schizophrenia.The authors examined postmortem tissue from the left and right hippocampus of 17 normal individuals and 14 individuals with schizophrenia. They measured the size, shape, and variability in orientation of pyramidal neurons in hippocampal subfields CA1-CA4 and the subiculum in computer images of 10-micron coronal sections stained with cresyl violet.Both neuronal size and shape showed significant effects of diagnosis and a three-way interaction between diagnosis, hemisphere, and subfield. Neurons of the schizophrenic subjects were smaller than those of the normal subjects in the left CA1, left CA2, and right CA3 subfields; their shape differed from that of the normal subjects in the left CA1, left subiculum, and right CA3 subfields. There were no group differences in variability of neuronal orientation, but neurons in the CA3 genu in the schizophrenic subjects were less variable on the right than on the left. In the normal subjects, except for larger neurons in the left than in the right CA2 subfield and some left-right differences in variability of neuronal orientation, no statistically significant asymmetries were observed.The data confirm that hippocampal neuronal size is decreased in schizophrenia and reveal that the shape of neurons is altered, supporting the view that hippocampal cytoarchitectural abnormalities may be part of the cerebral substrate of schizophrenia. They also provide further evidence that the abnormalities are localized and lateralized.
Polycythemia Vera
Authors: John W. Adamson, Jack W. Singer, Pat Catalano, Scott Murphy, Nancy Lin, Laura Steinmann, Connie Ernst, Philip J. Fialkow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Further in vitro studies of hematopoietic regulation were carried out in two patients with polycythemia vera who were also heterozygotes (GdB/GdA) for glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). While only G-6-PD type A was detectable in circulating erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets, cultures of peripheral blood and marrow from one patient revealed a substantial number of G-6-PD type B erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units. Detailed analysis demonstrated: (a) where detectable, normal BFU-E and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units were found with similar frequencies; (b) the same frequencies for normal progenitors characterized cultures of peripheral blood and marrow; (c) inhibition of normal erythroid differentiation between BFU-E and the more mature erythroid colony-forming unit; (d) a decline in the prevalence of normal colony-forming units with time, suggesting that disease progression is associated with further suppression of normal hematopoiesis by products of the abnormal clone.
Abstract 11144: CXCR3 Deletion Limits Leukocyte Infiltration and Neurologic Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wenbo Zhang, Harumasa Yokota, Alan Saul, Hua Liu, Zhimin Xu, Subhadra P Narayanan, Robert W Caldwell, Ruth B Caldwell
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Ischemic stroke has been defined as an acute episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by focal ischemia in the brain, spinal cord or retina following interruption of blood flow. This definition highlights the importance of pathophysiological processes underlying ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced tissue injury. In particular, IR-induced inflammation in the CNS and blood stream, such as production of cytokines, chemokines, and leukocyte recruitment, could influence crucial steps of tissue injury. CXCL10 is a chemokine which interacts with its receptor CXCR3 to recruit and activate several types of leukocytes including macrophage/microglia and T cells. We used CXCR3-deficient and wild type mice (CXCR3-/-) in a model of retinal IR injury to study neurovascular injury in relation to the CXCL10/CXCR3 interaction and leukocyte recruitment. The transparent nature of retina and accessibility for neurological testing provides an excellent platform for analysis of these molecular events. Retinal IR injury was achiev...
Impact of a simple intervention that improves colon cancer lymph node yield and assessement
Authors: L. Kowalczyk, P. Shah, T. George, L. Lu, G. Sarosi, R. Beyth, S. Sultan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e15058 Background: The National Quality Forum has endorsed the 12 lymph node (LN) benchmark as a quality metric. Currently, less than 40% of institutions meet this requirement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether implementation of a simple pathology template with dedicated fields for LN reporting led to an increase in the number of colon cancer resections where &gt;12 LNs were reported. Methods: A simple pathology template, derived from the College of American Pathology, using standardized terminology and dedicated fields for LN reporting was implemented in August 2007. Using a pre and post- test design, all consecutive pathology cases were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria consisted of all stage 0-IV colon cancer patients who underwent surgical resection at a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The primary outcome was the percentage of cases in which &gt;12 LNs were assessed between the pre and post-template group. Age, gender, anatomic location, and stage were also collected. Statistical comparisons were made using chi-square and Fisher's exact t-test. Results: 111 pre-template and 71 post-template cases were analyzed. The majority of patients were Caucasian (74%) males (97%). There were no significant differences between the two groups (see Table 1 ), however there was a trend towards more right-sided colon cancers in the pre-template group. 51% of all pre-template pathology reports evaluated &gt;12 LNs compared to 68% of post-template reports (33% improvement in LN yield; p=0.03). Conclusions: Examination of &gt;12 LNs has important therapeutic and prognostic implications in colon cancer patients. Use of a standardized pathology template with dedicated fields for LN reporting is a simple intervention that can increase yield of LN reporting. This can have a significant impact for institutions striving to reach the 12 LN quality metric. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Optic Nerve Meningiomas
Authors: Carol F. Zimmerman, Norman J. Schatz, Joel S. Glaser
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

Six patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas were studied with gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate intracranial extension. The intraorbital and intracranial tumors were isointense to cortical gray matter on T1-weighted studies without contrast in all patients. After Gd-DTPA, three patients showed mild enhancement of the intraorbital tumor, whereas five of six patients showed vivid enhancement of the intracranial tumor. In four cases, the intracranial extension could not be definitely seen on MRI without Gd-DTPA. Two patients had proton density and T2-weighted studies; in each case, the intraorbital tumor remained nearly isointense. The intracranial tumor was suggested in one patient on T2-weighted studies, but was poorly defined. Gadolinium-DTPA has proved valuable in detecting intracranial extension of optic nerve meningiomas that are not well visualized on standard MRI without contrast.
Bentley's Textbook of Pharmaceutics.
Authors: Arthur Owen Bentley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

The first edition of this textbook was published in 1926. The new edition follows the design of the earlier editions, but where necessary it has been completely revised and rewritten. It presents the conventional type of information which has long been used in introductory courses in pharmacy, but it does this in an unusually clear and concise manner. Part I includes a brief history of the British Pharmacopoeia, and part II is devoted to general principles involved and the apparatus and methods employed in small scale pharmaceutical operations. Part II is followed successively by sections on pharmaceutic manufacturing, dispensing, microbiology, surgical dressings, sutures and ligatures and pharmaceutic preparations. The book is written from the viewpoint of the needs of British pharmacy students and pharmacists which, in several respects, are different from those in the United States. However, since basic principles are common to all, the book may be advantageously used
Abstract 1863: Cell-Based Therapy without Cell Transplantation: Tissue Engineering of an Acellular Matrix for the Recruitment of Endogenous Circulating Progenitor Cells
Authors: Erik J Suuronen, Xudong Cao, Angela Melhuish, Daniel McKee, Samir Hazra, Pingchuan Zhang, Fengfu Li, Thierry G Mesana, John P Veinot, Marc Ruel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives: Following a cardiac event, circulating progenitor cells can home and engraft to sites of neovascularization, mediated in part by the adhesion molecule L-selectin; however, accumulation in the heart is low. We developed an acellular matrix containing the oligosac-charide sialyl Lewis X (sLe X ; 0.1mM), which binds L-selectin, in order to specifically enhance the engraftment of endogenous circulating progenitor cells. Methods: Adhesion and phenotype of CD133 + and CD34 + progenitor cells on sLe X -collagen or collagen matrix were assessed, and the role of L-selectin was characterized by blocking experiments. In animal work, a double hindlimb ischemic rat model was used (N=8): one hindlimb was injected with sLe X -collagen matrix, and the other with collagen matrix (200μl each). Rats underwent laser Doppler perfusion analysis at 0, 7 and 14 days post-operation. Two-week tissue was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Cell adhesion was greater on sLe X -collagen matrix (9.0± 2.3%) as compared to collagen matrix (4.3± 2.6%), and was reduced by pre-incubating cells with sLe X (2.8± 1.3%) or anti-L-selectin (2.7± 1.0%; P&lt; 0.001), demonstrating a role for sLe X in enhanced adhesion mediated by L-selectin binding. The proportion of CD133 + CD34 + L-selectin + cells was greater in the adherent population (8.1±3.4%) than in the non-adherent population (1.9±1.4%; P&lt;0.001), indicating active recruitment of vasculogenic progenitors. Also, the sLe X -collagen matrix recruited 3.2±1.4 fold more CD133 + CD34 + L-selectin + cells than the collagen matrix (P&lt;0.05). Rat ischemic hindlimbs treated with sLe X -collagen matrix recruited a greater number of CD133 + and c-kit + progenitor cells (3.0±1.0 and 2.1±1.0 fold, respectively; P&lt;0.05) vs. collagen matrix treatment. The increase in progenitor cell engraftment was associated with a 3.8±1.1 fold greater intramuscular arteriole density (P&lt;0.001) and with a 54% increase in hindlimb perfusion in sLe X -collagen matrix treated limbs (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: The sLe X -collagen matrix selectively enhances progenitor cell homing/engraftment mechanisms and endogenous cell-based tissue repair. Effectively, we have achieved progenitor cell-based therapy without the need for actual transplantation of cells.
Abstract 578: Hex is Essential for Cardiac Myogenesis in Differentiating Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Ruri Kaneda, Yu Liu, Robert J Schwartz, Michael D Schneider
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: We previously demonstrated that Sox17, an Sry-box-containing transcription factor that interacts with the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway, is essential for cardiac myogenesis in differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. Sox17 shRNA blocks cardiac myogenesis and selectively impairs the induction of Hex, a member of the homeobox family of transcription factors, many of which are involved in developmental processes. However, whether Hex is a direct target of Sox17 or not and the function of Hex in mouse ES cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes have not been defined. Hypothesis: Hex is a direct target of Sox17, and Hex is essential for cardiac myogenesis in ES cells. Methods: Cells were subjected to lentiviral transduction for a chimeric protein, contains Sox17 fused to protein A, using a protocol that reconstructs the native Sox17 expression pattern. Protein A-TEV-tagged Chromatin Immuno-precipitation (PAT-ChIP) technology was used to purify the DNA fragments bound to Sox17. Chromatin-immunoprecipitated DNA was subjected to PCR for promoter regions of Hex that contain putative Sox-binding motifs. Lentiviral vectors encoding shRNAs that knock down Hex were transduced into AB2.2 cells. Transduced cells, distinguished by expression of EGFP, were flow-sorted and subjected to embryonic body (EB) culture. Total RNA was extracted from EBs at 10 time points. Real-time QRT-PCR was carried out for representative genes related to mesoderm formation, mesoderm patterning, and cardiac myogenesis. Spontaneously beating EBs were scored. Results: Several Hex promoter regions containing predicted Sox17 binding sites were confirmed as potential direct targets of Sox17. The prevalence of beating EBs and the expression of cardiogenic transcription factors (Nkx2.5, Tbx5, Mef2c, Gata4 and myocardin) and cardiac structural genes (Ryr2 and α-MHC) both were suppressed by Hex shRNA. Hex shRNA did not impair the progressive down-regulation of Sox2 and Oct4 (master regulators of pluripotency) or the induction of Brachyury/T and Mesp1/2 (markers of primitive and precardiac mesoderm, respectively). Conclusion: Hex is potentially a direct target of Sox17, and is essential for cardiac myogenesis in differentiating ES cells at the stage of cardiac specification.
Patients with implants should be given implant cards
Authors: T Eke, E Rom, A A Castillo, A M Collier
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Purkayastha emphasises the potential of implant cards for patients who have had implants.1 Such schemes will be clinically useful only if the cards contain adequate information about the implant. 

A future clinician may need to know about a patient’s implant in order to site a matching one on the contralateral side or to manage the complications of poor fit or biocompatibility. In the case of intraocular lens implants, information is needed about the design and size of the lens, materials and coatings used, dioptric power and “A” constant, and manufacturer’s address or telephone number. Intraocular lens packs already include an implant card for the patient. We looked at lens implants made by four manufacturers and found that none of the implant cards contained all of the necessary data (table). Information stickers, intended for insertion in the case notes, were similarly lacking in clinically important detail. While all cards and stickers included the manufacturer’s name and model number, most did not state the design, implant materials, or “A” constant. This lack of basic information frequently leads to unnecessary problems when attempts are made to match an unfamiliar implant for cataract surgery to the second eye. 

We can foresee only one disadvantage of having full information on implant cards for patients. If late problems are identified with a particular type of implant, publicity could result in unnecessary anxiety among patients who are having no problems and more claims for compensation from those who are having problems. The potential of the system is not being realised, and we urge manufacturers to include all relevant information on both information stickers and implant cards.
Long-term follow-up (&gt;20 years) for one of the original randomized prospective trials evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-grade operable osteosarcoma
Authors: W. D. Tap, F. R. Eilber, G. Rosen, J. Eckardt, A. Schwartz, N. Federman, F. C. Eilber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

10514 Background: Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy is now standard practice for patients who present with localized osteosarcoma. We present the long-term follow-up (&gt;20years) for one of the original prospective randomized trials that compared adjuvant chemotherapy to no treatment in patients with high-grade operable osteosarcoma. Methods: The original study was performed at UCLA from 1981 to 1984. During this time, 59 patients with high-grade, operable, non-metastatic osteosarcoma were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (MSKCC T-10B protocol)(N=32; 24 men, 8 women, median age 15 yrs) vs. expectant management (N=27; 20 men, 7 women, median age 18 yrs). All patients received one neoadjuvant course of intra-arterial doxorubicin hydrochloride (90mg) and radiation (1750cGy). At a median follow-up of 2 years, there was a statistically significant improvement in both disease-free (55% vs. 20%, p&lt;.01) and overall survival (80% vs. 48%, p&lt;.01) for those who received immediate adjuvant chemotherapy. Upon recurrence, patients in the T-10B arm received salvage chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride and cisplatin while those in the expectant arm received the T-10B protocol. 27 years after the initiation of the trial, long-term follow-up was obtained on all patients. Results: Median follow-up time for survivors was 24 years. 18 patients in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm died of disease (DOD) while 14 have no evidence of disease (NED). 22 patients in the control arm DOD, 1 died of other causes and 4 have NED. The 5, 10, and 20 year disease specific survival (DSS) for the treatment arm (47%, 43%, 43% respectfully) was significantly better than that of the control arm (30%, 26%, 17% respectfully) (p=0.0254). Conclusions: Early administration of chemotherapy in patients with high-grade operable osteosarcoma provides a significant survival benefit that is maintained with long-term (&gt;20 years) follow-up. These results support the idea that early systemic treatment offers the best opportunity to cure patients with this high-risk malignancy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Improved blood pressure control but similar efficacy with lumiracoxib 100 mg OD compared to ibuprofen 600 mg TID in hypertensive patients with osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial
Authors: T. MacDonald, T. Littlejohn, D. Richard, K. Lheritier, G. Krammer, Jean-Yves Reginster
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

T. MacDonald , T. Littlejohn , D. Richard , K. Lheritier , G. Krammer , J. Reginster 4 Medicines Monitoring Unit and Hypertension Research Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom, CPI, Piedmont Medical Research Associates Inc., Winston-Salem, United States, CD & MA, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, Bone and Cartilage Metabolism Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
Abstract 14414: Treated Hypertension and Risk For Cardiovascular Events in Women: The NHLBI-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
Authors: B Delia Johnson, Vera Bittner, Sheryl F Kelsey, Carl J Pepine, Steven E Reis, Diane Vido, Barry L Sharaf, C Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objectives. We previously demonstrated that women with suspected CAD often fail to be treated for dyslipidemia. Using new extended follow-up data, we report the prognosis for CV events in women rel...
The American Public Library and the Diffusion of Knowledge.
Authors: William S. Learned
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A major burden on children
Authors: Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Resistance to drugs in many common childhood infections is a growing problem in the developing world, says <b>Zulfiqar Bhutta</b>. Effective programmes to combat resistance are within reach in developing countries, argue <b>Ralph Gonzales and colleagues</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39534.553044.94), but we must move swiftly
Abstract 8670: Homocysteine Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-dependent Apoptosis of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Coinciding with (peri)nuclear Nox4 Translocation
Authors: Nynke E Hahn, Jessica A Sipkens, Melissa wassink, Alexander B Vonk, Coen D Stehouwer, Jan A Rauwerda, Victor W van Hinsbergh, Christof Meischl, Hans W Niessen, Paul A Krijnen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Elevated levels of homocysteine form a vascular risk factor. Although a jeopardizing role of homocysteine on endothelial cells has been shown, its effect on smooth muscle cells is contradicting, varying from induction of proliferation to induction of cell death. Recent studies have shown that NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species play a role in homocysteine-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. However to the best of our knowledge, this has not been studied in smooth muscle cells. Methods: Human arterial smooth muscle cells were incubated with 100 µM homocysteine during 24 hours and were analyzed for cell viability using FACS analysis and caspase 3 activity. The effects of homocysteine on the expression of different NADPH oxidase proteins and -mediated reactive oxygen species production were studied using digital-imaging microscopy. Results: Incubation of arterial smooth muscle cells with 100 µM homocysteine during 24 hours induced a significant increase in single annexin V positive cells. This increase coincided with a significant increased caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, homocysteine resulted in a significant shift of NADPH oxidase 4 from the cytoplasm to (peri)nuclear regions and a significant increased reactive oxygen species production in the (peri)nucleus and the cytoplasm. No effects of homocysteine on expression levels, nor location of NADPH oxidase 1 and 2 were found. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species production with the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenylene iodonium led to significant decreased apoptosis levels as assessed by quantification of caspase 3 activity. Conclusion: 100 µM homocysteine during 24 hours induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis of human arterial smooth muscle cells coinciding with (peri)nuclear NADPH oxidase 4 translocation.