tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New ways to use imaging data in cardiovascular research: survey of opinions on federated learning and synthetic data
Authors: Michelle C Williams, Jacqueline MacArthur, Ross Forsyth, Steffen E Petersen
Journal:  (2025)

Federated learning and the creation of synthetic data are emerging tools, which may enhance the use of imaging data in cardiovascular research. This study sought to understand the perspectives of cardiovascular imaging researchers on the potential benefits and challenges associated with these technologies. The British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre conducted a series of online surveys and a virtual workshop to gather insights from stakeholders involved in cardiovascular imaging research about federated learning and synthetic data generation. The federated learning survey included 67 respondents: 18% (n = 12) were currently using federated learning, 4% (n = 3) had previously used it, 31% (n = 21) were planning to use it, and 46% (n = 31) were neither using nor planning to use it. Highlighted benefits included data privacy and enhanced collaboration, while challenges included data heterogeneity and technical complexity. The synthetic data survey had 22 respondents: 50% (n = 11) were currently using synthetic imaging data, 36% (n = 8) expressed interest in using it, and 14% (n = 3) thought it should not be used. Amongst the respondents, 50% had created synthetic imaging data and 45% had used it in cardiovascular research. Advantages cited included privacy preservation, increased dataset size and diversity, improved data access, and reduced administrative burden. Concerns included potential biases, trust issues, privacy concerns, and the fact that the images were not real and may have limited diversity or quality. Federated learning and synthetic data offer opportunities for advancing cardiovascular imaging research by addressing data privacy concerns and expanding data availability. However, challenges must be addressed to realize their full potential.
Cost-effectiveness of leveraging existing HIV primary health systems and community health workers for hypertension screening and treatment in Africa: An individual-based modeling study
Authors: Matthew D. Hickey, James Ayieko, Jane Kabami, Asiphas Owaraganise, Elijah Kakande, Sabina Ogachi, Colette I. Aoko, Erick M. Wafula, Norton Sang, Helen Sunday, Paul Revill, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Starley B. Shade, Gabriel Chamie, Laura B. Balzer, Maya L. Petersen, Diane V. Havlir, Moses R. Kamya, Andrew N. Phillips
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2025)

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality is increasing in Africa, largely due to undiagnosed and untreated hypertension. Approaches that leverage existing primary health systems could improve hypertension treatment and reduce CVD, but cost-effectiveness is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of population-level hypertension screening and implementation of chronic care clinics across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa. Methods and findings We conducted a modeling study to simulate hypertension and CVD across 3,000 scenarios representing a range of settings across eastern, southern, central, and western Africa. We evaluated 2 policies compared to current hypertension treatment: (1) expansion of HIV primary care clinics into chronic care clinics that provide hypertension treatment for all persons regardless of HIV status (chronic care clinic or CCC policy); and (2) CCC plus population-level hypertension screening of adults ≥40 years of age by community health workers (CHW policy). For our primary analysis, we used a cost-effectiveness threshold of US $500 per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted, a 3% annual discount rate, and a 50-year time horizon. A strategy was considered cost-effective if it led to the lowest net DALYs, which is a measure of DALY burden that takes account of the DALY implications of the cost for a given cost-effectiveness threshold. Among adults 45 to 64 years, CCC implementation would improve population-level hypertension control (the proportion of people with hypertension whose blood pressure is controlled) from mean 4% (90% range 1% to 7%) to 14% (6% to 26%); additional CHW screening would improve control to 44% (35% to 54%). Among all adults, CCC implementation would reduce ischemic heart disease (IHD) incidence by 10% (3% to 17%), strokes by 13% (5% to 23%), and CVD mortality by 9% (3% to 15%). CCC plus CHW screening would reduce IHD by 28% (19% to 36%), strokes by 36% (25% to 47%), and CVD mortality by 25% (17% to 34%). CHW screening was cost-effective in 62% of scenarios, CCC in 31%, and neither policy was cost-effective in 7% of scenarios. Pooling across setting-scenarios, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were $69/DALY averted for CCC and $389/DALY averted adding CHW screening to CCC. Conclusions Leveraging existing healthcare infrastructure to implement population-level hypertension screening by CHWs and hypertension treatment through integrated chronic care clinics is expected to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality and is likely to be cost-effective in most settings across Africa.
Engineered macrophage nanoparticles enhance microwave ablation efficacy in osteosarcoma via targeting the CD47-SIRPα Axis: A novel Biomimetic immunotherapeutic approach
Authors: Xiongfa Ji, Xin Qian, Guowen Luo, Wenjie Yang, Wenhan Huang, Zehua Lei, Jiaqi Zhou, Guoqing Zhong, Jielong Zhou, Nan Liu, Limin Ma, Mei Li, Xiangmei Liu, Shuilin Wu, Yu Zhang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
Endogenous electric field-driven neuro-immuno-regulatory scaffold for effective diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhiqing Liu, Tianlong Wang, Jinhui Zhao, Lei Zhang, Yiping Luo, Yixing Chen, Xinhui Wu, Yaqi Liu, Aihemaitijiang Aierken, Dilixiati Duolikun, Hui Jiang, Xinyu Zhao, Chang Li, Yingchuan Li, Wentao Cao, Jianzhong Du, Longpo Zheng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
Brief Report: Preventing Infusion-related Reactions With Intravenous Amivantamab: Results From SKIPPirr, a Phase 2 Study
Authors: Alexander I Spira, Luis Paz-Ares, Ji-Youn Han, Jin-Yuan Shih, Céline Mascaux, Upal Basu Roy, Jon Zugazagoitia, Yu Jung Kim, Chao-Hua Chiu, Sang-We Kim, Ernest Nadal, Ignacio Gil-Bazo, Sean P Murphy, Bailey G Anderson, Yichuan Xia, George Wang, Joshua M Bauml, Marc Chioda, Jairo Simoes, Parthiv J Mahadevia, Gilberto Lopes
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2025)
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Staging Project: The Database and Proposal for the Revision of the Staging of Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Forthcoming Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification for Lung Cancer
Authors: Ming Sound Tsao, Adam Rosenthal, Andrew G Nicholson, Frank Detterbeck, Wilfried E E Eberhardt, Yolande Lievens, Eric Lim, Jose-Maria Matilla, Yasushi Yatabe, Pier Luigi Filosso, Ricardo Beyruti, Katherine K Nishimura, William D Travis, Raymond Uyiosa Osarogiagbon, Ramon Rami-Porta, Valerie Rusch, Hisao Asamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2025)
Lung cancer screening program quality indicators – review &amp; recommendations – An International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Delphi process study
Authors: Martin C Tammemägi, Andrea Borondy-Kitts, John K Field, Claudia I Henschke, Anant Mohan, Anna Kerpel-Fronius, Luigi Ventura, Dawei Yang, Long Jiang, Coenraad Fn Koegelenberg, Milena Cavic, Haval Balata, Lucia Viola, Javier J Zulueta, Ricardo Sales Dos Santos, Witold Rzyman, David F Yankelevitz, Annette McWilliams, Stephen Lam, Ella A Kazerooni, Rudolf M Huber
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2025)
Mitigation of ischemia/reperfusion injury via Selenium nanoparticles: suppression of STAT1 to inhibit cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Chunxia Chen, Jingjing Ma, Shujie Duan, Menghan Xue, Zhan Yang, Ziwei Ma, Jianing Ji, Yuanfang Ma, Guangchao Qing, Keying Guo, Wei Wu, Tianfeng Chen, Zhizeng Wang, Yang Luo
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Multifunctional injectable hydrogel with self-supplied H2S release and bacterial inhibition for the wound healing with enhanced macrophages polarization via interfering with PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Liyang Gong, Le Chang, Siyu Chen, Xuan Wei, Huiping Du, Jiamin Cheng, Xiaoxuan Chen, Zhang Yuan, Pan Zhao, Meijuan Geng, Hui Yang, Kaiyong Cai, Liangliang Dai
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
Prevention of bleeding after endoscopic resection of early esophageal neoplasia in patients with esophageal varices: a systematic review
Authors: Charlotte Frederiks, Laura Boer, Bas Gloudemans, Lorenza Alvarez Herrero, Jacques JGHM Bergman, Roos E. Pouw, Bas L.A.M. Weusten
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Background Although endoscopic resection (ER) is recommended as first-choice treatment for early esophageal neoplasia, patients with esophageal varices are considered a high-risk group due to an increased bleeding risk. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ER in this specific patient category. Methods We searched for studies reporting on clinical outcomes of ER in presence of esophageal varices, irrespective of study design or follow-up time. Endpoints included the incidence of prophylactic measures to reduce the risk of variceal hemorrhage, radical and curative resection rates, and adverse events. Results After screening a total of 2,371 studies, 42 studies with a total sum of 186 subjects were included in this systematic review. Endoscopic band ligation (72/186; 39%) and endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (22/186; 12%) were reported as most widely adopted prophylactic measures to eradicate varices prior to ER. Other frequently described prophylactic measures included direct varix coagulation during ER (18/186; 10%) and the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt prior to ER (9/186; 5%). While the radical and curative resection rates were high (86% and 72%, respectively), the periprocedural and delayed bleeding risk were reported to be relatively low (6% and 3%, respectively). In all studies, no procedure-related mortality was observed. Conclusions ER appears to be a safe and effective treatment option in selected patients with concurrent early esophageal neoplasia and esophageal varices, provided that a tailored approach of adequate prophylactic measures is applied to prevent bleeding.
Lerodalcibep and evolocumab for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia with PCSK9 inhibition (LIBerate-HoFH): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, crossover, non-inferiority trial
Authors: Frederick J Raal, Vimal Mehta, Meral Kayikcioglu, Dirk Blom, Preeti Gupta, Avishay Elis, Traci Turner, Chris Daniels, Jeffrey Vest, Tracy Mitchell, Kate Caldwell, El Mustapha Bahassi, David Kallend, Evan A Stein
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2025)
When I use a word . . . Lexicographic anniversaries in 2025
Authors: Jeffrey K Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2025)

Like people, words have birthdays. My definition of the birthday of a word is the year in which it first appeared in a written text, as, for example, documented in the <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> (<i>OED</i>). Of course, many words have had a spoken life before their written one, but I count that as the fetal stage in their development. Their appearance in the world is marked by their first appearance in print, their birthday or anniversary. In some cases the date on the birth certificate, i.e. the earliest recorded date in the dictionary, can be antedated by finding earlier examples of the use of the word in print; in my experience, this happens to about 10% of biomedical words. Counting anniversaries as having occurred in multiples of 50 years, I have searched for biomedical words whose birthdays fell in years ending in '25 and '75 and have found 655 of them, about 46 per 1000 new words of all kinds in those years. Among these, I discuss: "body sin," dating from 1175 and largely obsolete since then, only once, more recently, being used to describe obesity; "licorice," which dates from at least 1275, but perhaps earlier; and "spittle-evil" a synonym for leprosy, which dates from 1225. The last of these occurs in a 13th century manual of instruction for anchoresses, <i>The Ancrene Riwle</i>, in which God's grace and the Devil's work are both likened to the use of medicinal compounds, respectively beneficial and harmful. Indeed, the words medicine, remedy, and remission all occur for the first time in writing in this text. My last example is "pharmacological," which celebrates its 200th anniversary this year.
Case Report
Authors: Sara Proto, Lorenzo Carrara, Lucia Zanoni, Luciano Attard, Cristina Nanni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present the case of a 60-year-old man admitted to the hospital presenting with high FUO (fever of unknown origin), strong headache, face erythematous-desquamative cutaneous lesions, long history of abdominal pain, and diffuse myalgia. He was also previously treated with immunosuppressants and currently managed with corticosteroids for a seronegative rheumatic disease. Given the immunocompromised state, an infective etiology was suspected. The patient was referred, as part of standard clinical practice, to perform an 18F-FDG PET/CT to identify potential causes of FUO.
Detectability of Al18F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET for Nodal Metastases in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Xiaoyi Guo, Jiayue Liu, Shiyu Lin, Xinyu Gui, Jin Ding, Teli Liu, Nina Zhou, Suping Li, Hua Zhu, Zhi Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18 F-FDG for detecting nodal metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer on PET/CT. Patients and Methods In this retrospective study, 62 participants with HER2-positive breast cancer underwent both Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Participants were pathologically confirmed as HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or IHC 2+ with gene amplification on FISH). Three independent readers visually assessed uptake of tracers on imaging. Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of nodal metastases was assessed using c-statistics. The lesion uptakes were quantified by SUV max and target-to-background ratio (TBR) and compared using the general linear mixed model. Results The findings showed nodal metastases in 33 (53%) participants, including 45% only with regional nodal metastasis and 55% with nonregional nodal metastasis. On per-patient level, the sensitivity and specificity of Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH and 18 F-FDG based on the majority reads were 0.97, 0.97, and 0.85, 0.77, respectively. Five participants were visualized only on Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH. Seven participants with high uptake only on 18 F-FDG PET/CT were confirmed to be inflammatory uptake by pathological results and later imaging follow-up. On per-lesion level, Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more axillary (98.8% vs 70.2%), extra-axillary (100% vs 61.7%), and nonregional (99.1% vs 67.0%) lymph nodal metastases than 18 F-FDG PET/CT. Additionally, Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more nodal metastases small than 10 mm than 18 F-FDG PET/CT (198 vs 125, 99.5% vs 62.8%). The median SUV max and TBR of regional or nonregional nodal metastases at Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH were all higher than those on 18 F-FDG (range of median SUV max , 8.0–11.4 vs 2.3–5.6; P range, &lt;0.001–0.007; range of median TBR, 7.3–16.3 vs 2.9–5.3; P range, &lt;0.001). No adverse reactions related to imaging agents were observed in all participants. Conclusions Al 18 F-NOTA-HER2-BCH PET/CT detected more regional and nonregional lymph nodal metastases in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer than on 18 F-FDG PET/CT, especially for lesions small than 10 mm.
Solitary Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis From Ovarian Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Liu Yang, Ping Dong, Lin Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Solitary axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer is rare. A 74-year-old woman who had undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer 2 years ago presented to our hospital with enlarged axillary lymph node. 18 F-FDG PET/CT revealed left axillary lymphadenopathy with an SUV max of 8.92. The postbiopsy pathology confirmed metastasis of poorly differentiated ovarian adenocarcinoma. This case highlights the need to consider ovarian cancer metastasis in cases of solitary axillary lymphadenopathy with intense FDG uptake, especially in patients with a recent history of ovarian cancer.
Small Bowel Leiomyoma Mimics Neuroendocrine Tumor on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Nikhil Prasanna Ponna, Tu Vinh Luong, Shaunak Navalkissoor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract A 57-year-old man with a 3-month history of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding with black stools underwent urgent abdominal CT, which revealed an ovoid hyperdense lesion in the ileum in the right iliac fossa. The prime differential was a midgut neuroendocrine tumor. Thus, the patient was referred for a 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan, which demonstrated intense activity in this lesion with no evidence of somatostatin receptor expression elsewhere. Surgical small bowel resection later revealed a small bowel leiomyoma, which was confirmed on immunohistochemistry analysis. This case demonstrates that leiomyomas can express somatostatin receptors and can be a false-positive on 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan.
DDAVP response and its determinants in bleeding disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sebastiaan N.J. Laan, Jessica Del Castillo, Suzanne C Cannegieter, Karin Fijnvandraat, Marieke J H A Kruip, Saskia le Cessie, Ruben Bierings, Jeroen C.J. Eikenboom, Iris van Moort
Journal: Blood (2025)

Desmopressin (DDAVP) can be used to prevent or stop bleeding. However, large inter-individual variability is observed in DDAVP response and determinants are largely unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis we aim to identify the response to DDAVP, and the factors that determine DDAVP response in patients. We included studies with patients with any bleeding disorder receiving DDAVP. First and second screening round and risk of bias assessment were performed by independent reviewers. The main outcome was proportion of patients with complete (factor level &amp;gt; 50 U/dL), or partial (30-50 U/dL) response to DDAVP. Determinants of response including disease type, age, sex, Von Willebrand factor (VWF) and factor VIII (FVIII) mutations, and baseline factor levels were investigated. In total, 591 articles were found and 103 were included. Of these, 71 articles (1772 patients) were suitable for the study's definition of response. Meta-analysis showed a pooled response proportion of 0·71 [0·64;0·78] and a significant difference in response between disease subtypes. For hemophilia A, baseline FVIII:C was a borderline significant determinant of response. In von Willebrand disease (VWD) type 1 patients, VWF:Ag, VWF:Act and FVIII:C were significant determinants. A large variation in response was observed for specific mutations in VWF and F8. Response to DDAVP varied between disease subtypes, and was largely determined by the baseline levels of FVIII:C for hemophilia A and VWF:Ag for VWD. Our findings highlight the significant differences in response and emphasize the need for a standardized response definition and further research into response mechanisms.
Rare Neoplastic Meningitis in Cerebellar Medulloblastoma Detected by PET/CT
Authors: Merve Nur Acar Tayyar, Müge Öner Tamam, Kadir Atakır, İbrahim Köprülü, Ayşe Vergili
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Neoplastic meningitis, also known as leptomeningeal metastases, is a rare clinical entity seen in less than 1%–2% of primary nervous system tumors. Diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases is difficult and is achieved by cytologic evidence of malignant cells in cerebrospinal fluid, or demonstration of radiologic abnormality. 18 F-FDG PET/CT can detect leptomeningeal metastases before anatomical changes. In this case, a 42-year-old man with cerebellar medulloblastoma underwent surgery and radiotherapy and had FDG uptake in 3 separate locations after 3 months. The findings indicated leptomeningeal metastases, confirmed by MRI. This highlights the role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in detecting leptomeningeal disease postmedulloblastoma treatment.
One hundred thirty-four germ line PU.1 variants and the agammaglobulinemic patients carrying them
Authors: Ainsley V.C. Knox, Lauren Y. Cominsky, Di Sun, Emylette Cruz Cabrera, Brian E. Nolan, Edann Ofray, Elisa Benetti, Camilla Visconti, Federica Barzaghi, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Monica Ghei Lawrence, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Samuel Yoon, Suzanna Rachimi, Nurcicek Padem, Erin Conboy, Maja Stojanovic, Gordana Petrovic, Srdjan Pasic, Joseph A. Church, Ronald M. Ferdman, Fabio Candotti, Tiphaine Arlabosse, Katerina Theodoropoulou, Cullen M. Dutmer, László Maródi, Gabriella Szücs, Arnon Broides, Amit Nahum, Jacov Levy, Kaisa Maria Kettunen, Ravindra Daddali, Mikko R J Seppänen, Markku Vänttinen, Timi Martelius, Juha Grönholm, Matilde Peri, Chiara Azzari, Silvia Ricci, Samar Ojaimi, Emily SJ Edwards, Menno C. van Zelm, Jinqiao Sun, Hassan Abolhassani, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Hakon Hakonarson, Daniel Mayr, Kaan Boztug, Bertrand Boisson, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Carole Le Coz, Gregory M.K. Poon, Neil Romberg
Journal: Blood (2025)
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma With the “Leopard Man” Appearance on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kangkang Wang, Hao Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Abstract Subcutaneous nodules and masses as the primary manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are exceedingly rare. We present 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of multiple hypermetabolic nodules and masses distributed throughout the body, creating a characteristic “leopard man” appearance on the MIP image, in a 65-year-old man. An excisional biopsy of the right thigh mass confirmed the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
The Fit Older Adult with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Challenges to Providing Evidence-Based Frontline Treatment
Authors: Sameem M Abedin, Geoffrey L Uy, Laura C. Michaelis
Journal: Blood (2025)

Recent advances in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) come from studies investigating younger (age&amp;lt;60 years) adults or older (age≥75 years) or less fit adults. Uncertainty exists for the management of otherwise healthy adults with AML in their 60s and 70s, which also represents a significant proportion of AML cases. We discuss current considerations in older, fit adults with AML including determination of fitness, what factors beyond fitness should be assessed, and finally what challenges and innovations lie ahead to improve outcomes for these patients.
Re: Guillaume Ploussard, Patrick Coloby, Thierry Chevallier, et al. Whole-gland or Subtotal High-intensity Focused Ultrasound Versus Radical Prostatectomy: The Prospective, Noninferiority, Nonrandomized HIFI Trial. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2024.11.006
Authors: Jason Koehler, Abhinav Sidana
Journal: European Urology (2025)