tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2050: Neighborhood-Level Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Utibe Essien, Mandy Wong, Mahasin Mujahid, Mercedes Carnethon, KAROL WATSON, Philip Greenland, Jasmyn Tang, Moyses Szklo, Susan Heckbert, Kiarri Kershaw
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia, affecting up to 6 million in the US, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite higher rates of AF clinical and social risk factors, underrepresented racial and ethnic group (UREG) individuals have lower AF incidence. Structural factors, such as neighborhood-level racial/ethnic residential segregation, have been associated with incident cardiometabolic disease, particularly among UREG individuals. However, data on segregation and incident AF is sparse. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adults living in more segregated neighborhoods would have a higher incidence of AF. Goals/Aims: We examined whether AF incidence differed across segregation categories among racial and ethnic groups. Methods: Administrative and clinical data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; baseline 2000-2002) were used to identify those with a diagnosis of AF during follow-up. Own-group racial/ethnic segregation was defined by local GI* statistic, which compares the percent of each racial/ethnic group in a current census tract to the surrounding area. Racial/ethnic-stratified Cox proportional hazard models were created to estimate hazard ratios comparing across segregation levels. Models were adjusted for demographic factors, individual and neighborhood level socioeconomic factors, and clinical factors. Results: Our final cohort comprised 6,100 participants (27% Black, 12% Chinese, 22% Hispanic, 39% White). During a median follow-up of 14.2 years, 1,203 participants (19.7%) were diagnosed with AF. Black and Hispanic participants had the highest prevalence of AF risk factors at baseline. Black, Hispanic, and Chinese participants were more likely to reside in segregated neighborhoods (Table). After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and clinical factors, among all racial groups, neighborhood segregation was not associated with incident AF ( Table ). Conclusions: In this longitudinal analysis we did not observe a statistically significant association between residential segregation and AF incidence for any racial and ethnic groups in adjusted models. Further research is needed to understand how individual factors may intersect with clinical, healthcare, and structural factors to drive previously described differential incidence of AF.
Abstract P2151: Good Sleep Health Is Associated With Better Cardiometabolic Health In Adolescents: A Multidimensional-Multimethod, Factor-Analytic Approach
Authors: Casandra Nyhuis, Pura Ballester-Navarro, Kristina Lenker, Susan Calhoun, Jiangang Liao, Alexandros Vgontzas, Edward Bixler, Duanping Liao, Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Life’s Essential 8 highlights the importance of adequate sleep duration in for cardiovascular health. Current evidence demonstrates that health is also influenced by the quality, consistency, and timing of sleep within the 24-hour day. However, no studies have explored which sleep variables contribute to adolescent cardiometabolic health. Hypothesis: The quality, consistency, and timing of sleep will contribute differently to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and each of its components in adolescents. Methods: 307 adolescents (16 yr; 47% female; 23% racial/ethnic minority) from the Penn State Child Cohort had at least 3-nights of actigraphy (ACT), in-lab 9h polysomnography (PSG), self-reported (SR) insomnia symptoms, daytime sleepiness, sleep schedules, completed a physical exam, and a fasting blood draw. A continuous MetS (cMetS) score was calculated as the sum of sex-and age adjusted z-scores of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure (MAP), HDL, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR. Common factor analysis was performed to understand the factor and correlation structure of 58 standardized sleep variables. LASSO Regression selected sleep variables and assessed their importance to cMetS and its components, independently. Results: Factor analysis identified five sleep domains: 1. Timing and Irregularity: means and standard deviations of SR bedtime and waketime, ACT sleep midpoint, and PSG sleep midpoint; 2. Efficiency: means of ACT sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep onset latency (SOL), and number of awakenings; 3. Duration: mean ACT total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TIB), and SR habitual bedtime; 4. Catch-up and Social Jetlag: differences in weekday and weekend SR waketime and TIB and ACT TST and sleep midpoint; 5. Physiologic Sleep Disturbance: PSG TST, SE, SOL, WASO, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Results from LASSO indicate that lower PSG AHI contributed to lower cMetS, WC, MAP, triglycerides, and higher HDL, while longer PSG TST contributed to higher HDL and lower MAP. Earlier sleep midpoint contributed to higher WC, HDL and higher sleep regularity contributed to lower HDL. Longer catch-up sleep contributed to lower MAP, and lower social jetlag contributed to lower MAP. Conclusions: Objective measures of sleep contribute most to cardiometabolic health in adolescents, while subjective sleep measures do not contribute to the same extent. These findings highlight the multidimensional association of sleep and cardiometabolic health.
Abstract P1118: Association Between Moderate Physical Activity and Perceived Risk for Heart Disease
Authors: Nekayla Anderson, Olivia Affuso, ALEXANDRA KRALLMAN, Bertha Hidalgo
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Purpose: Women are underrepresented in cardiovascular health research and our understanding about the association between women’s research participation and healthy behaviors is limited. This study aimed to determine the association between women’s engagement in moderate physical activity (MPA) and perceived risk for heart disease (HD). We hypothesized that women who engage in MPA will have a lower perceived risk for HD. Methods: Data was leveraged from the Barriers and Motivators to Research survey from the Millennial Women’s Heart Study funded by the American Heart Association Research Goes Red for Women. In a self-reported survey, women were asked “I am able to engage in 30 minutes of MPA (Y/N)” and “I feel that I am personally at risk for HD”. Perceived risk responses were measured on a Likert scale: “strongly agree,” “somewhat agree,” “neutral,” “somewhat disagree,” and “strongly disagree.” The Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square test was used to assess the association between categorical variables, and ANOVA was applied to compare continuous variables. Results: Among the 192 women in this analysis, the study population included 37.5% Black women, 79.7% employed, and 63.5% who engage in MPA, with a mean age of 44 (±11) years. A larger proportion of women reported feeling at risk for HD than not. Black women were more likely than White women to report feeling at risk for HD (41.8% vs 31.9%), and employed women were more likely to report perceived risk for HD compared to unemployed women (78.1% vs 21.9%). However, there was no statistically significant difference in perceived risk for HD between women who engage in MPA and those who do not (p = 0.18). Conclusion: Our findings align with previous research on the relationship between physical activity and HD risk perception, but no significant association was observed between MPA and perceived risk for HD in this sample. However, proportionately, a greater number of women who reported engagement in MPA noted less perceived risk for HD. Future studies should explore additional factors influencing women's perception of HD risk and include larger epidemiological cohorts to better detect potential differences in risk perception between women who engage in MPA and those who do not.
Abstract P2125: Association of Gender with Self-reported Physical Activity Among Younger Persons After a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kara Suvada, Viola Vaccarino, lisa elon, Hua She, Robert Krafty, Felipe Lobelo, Jeffery Osei, Matthew Gold, Adithya Yadalam, Vardhmaan Jain, Alexander Razavi, Amit Shah
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Recreational physical activity (PA) is cardio-protective but often underutilized, and women in the general population engage less in leisure PA compared to men. Whether this disparity extends to individuals after a myocardial infarction (MI) in midlife, a high-risk group that may especially benefit from PA promotion, is unknown. Methods: We recruited women and men ≤ 61 years of age who were hospitalized for MI in the previous 8 months in metropolitan Atlanta, balancing the number by sex. We evaluated leisure PA behavior with the validated, self-reported Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. We constructed a linear mixed-effect model to estimate the association between gender and the PA leisure score, then adjusted sequentially for demographics (age, race, income, education), obesity status, and heart failure ( Table ). Results: Our sample included 619 participants (46% women, 59% black) with mean age 51 years (SD: 7). On a Likert scale of 1 (least) to 5 (most), the mean (SD) PA leisure score was lower among women (2.4 (0.5)) compared to men (2.5 (0.5); p=&lt;0.05). Walking was the most common leisure PA activity reported by both groups. In all models, we found that there was a statistically significantly lower PA leisure score for women compared to men ( Table ). More men than women reported they walked (31% vs. 22%), biked (8% vs. 2%), or played sports (10% vs. 2%) often or always during leisure time. Results remained similar when patients with poor functional capacity (defined using the Duke Activity Score Index) were excluded. Discussion: Women reported significantly lower leisure PA as compared to men. Interventions and education about promoting PA, especially walking, should be considered in this patient population.
Abstract P1117: 24-hour Movement Behaviors and BMI Among a National, Diverse Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Tiwaloluwa Ajibewa, Lindsay Master, Robert Booker, Mandy Wong, David Reichenberger, Gina Mathew, Orfeu Buxton, Anne-Marie Chang, Lauren Hale
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Adolescence is characterized by reductions in daily physical activity and nightly sleep, which may increase the risk for worse cardiometabolic health. This study examined the associations of 24-hour movement behaviors (24h MBs), including physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, with BMI among adolescents in the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS). Methods: Data included 371 adolescents (15.4±0.5 years; 46% non-Hispanic Black; 53% female) from age 15 of the FFCWS sleep sub-study. BMI was calculated using height and weight measured in-person. Wrist-worn (nighttime sleep, napping) and waist-worn (PA, sedentary behavior) accelerometers were used to assess movement behaviors over 7 days. Compositional linear regression and 15-minute isotemporal reallocations were used to examine associations of 24h MBs with BMI, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, household income, pubertal development, and maternal marital status. Results: Mean BMI and BMI percentile were 24.5±6.0 kg/m 2 and 70.7±27.0 percentile, respectively. Participants spent 36.8% of their day sleeping, 33.7% sedentary, 29.0% in light PA (LPA), and 0.5% in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). A greater proportion of time spent in MVPA, relative to the remaining 24h MBs, was associated with a higher BMI ( b [95% CI] = 1.25 [0.5, 2.0]) and BMI percentile (5.37 [2.0, 8.8]; see Table 1). Engaging in fifteen minutes more of MVPA relative to: 1) LPA (5.22 [1.9, 8.6]), 2) sedentary behavior (5.10 [1.9, 8.3]), and 3) sleep (5.20 [2.0, 8.5]) was associated with higher BMI percentile, with similar findings for BMI. Engaging in fifteen minutes more time in LPA (5.2 [1.95, 8.46]) and sedentary behavior (5.2 [1.95, 8.46]) relative to sleep was also associated with higher BMI percentile, with similar findings for BMI (see Table 2). Conclusions: More time spent in PA and sedentary behavior relative to sleep was associated with higher BMI among adolescents in our sample. While the PA results are paradoxical, the findings may be due to the relatively low levels of activity in this group and limitations of the BMI measurement.
Abstract P3008: Plasma Proteomic Signatures Of Organ Aging Are Not Responsive To Exercise Training: HERITAGE Family Study
Authors: Matthew Herzig, Prasun Dev, Kiani Jacobs, Eric Leszczynski, Jacob Barber, Prashant Rao, Michael Mi, Matthew Valakos, SUJOY GHOSH, Clary Clish, Claude Bouchard, Robert Gerszten, Jeremy Robbins, Mark Sarzynski
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: A recent study utilized plasma proteins to identify organ-specific aging signatures that were related to health and disease. However, it is unknown whether exercise interventions can change predicted organ aging. Methods: We measured 4979 plasma proteins using the SomaScan assay before and after 20 weeks of endurance exercise training in 673 Black and White adults from the HERITAGE Family Study. Organ age was estimated for 11 major organs using different panels of proteins and age gap was calculated as the difference between predicted age and the LOWESS regression estimate of the population mean. Accelerated aging was defined as an age gap value ±2SD from the mean. Paired t-tests examines changes in predicted organ age with exercise training. Results: We found low-to-modest correlations between predicted organ age and chronological age for 9 of 11 traits ( Table 1 ). These correlations were almost exclusively observed in the oldest (age quartile 4: ages 47.6-65.9) and not younger participants (age quartiles 1-3: age&lt;47.6 yrs) ( Table 1 ). A total of 37% of participants had accelerated aging in at least one organ at baseline, with 15% having 2 or more accelerated organ ages, which was balanced across chronological age quartiles. Exercise training did not significantly alter any of the predicted organ ages in the total sample or by age quartile, with wide interindividual variability in the training responsiveness of predicted organ ages. Moreover, although some participants reduced their number of accelerated organ age traits after training, the prevalence of accelerated organ aging remained 37% at post-training. Conclusions: We found that existing proteomic organ aging signatures only replicated in the oldest (middle aged) HERITAGE participants, which likely reflects the fact the signatures were derived in older populations. Importantly, organ aging signatures were not sensitive to exercise training, which likely limits their potential clinical utility.
Abstract P3122: Pericardial Adipose Tissue Outperforms BMI in Predicting Adverse Cardiac Outcomes in Severe Obesity
Authors: Qiuyu Zhu, Jai Singh, Andrew Kott, Gregory Sinner, Amar Parikh, Sujethra Vasu, Dermot Phelan, Michael Elliott, Carolyn Park
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Non-invasive cardiac imaging for assessing cardiovascular risk is challenging in obese patients. Intrathoracic adipose tissue, encompassing mediastinal adipose tissue (MAT) and pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), has emerged as a promising marker for cardiovascular risk. However, standard measurement methods for MAT and PAT and their diagnostic utility in the severe obese population remain unknown. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging of 790 consecutive patients between 2018-2021, including 199 with severe obesity (BMI ≧ 40 kg/m 2 ). Using the scout images (HASTE sequence), PAT and MAT were assessed as linear thickness of adipose on single axial slices. PAT was measured at the anterior mid right ventricle between the myocardium and parietal pericardium. MAT was measured at two levels: between the sternum and 1) pulmonary artery bifurcation and 2) aortic arch, respectively. Multivariable competing risk survival analysis was performed for the composite outcome of cardiac death or cardiac hospitalizations, adjusted for BMI, traditional cardiac risk factors, the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and inducible ischemia. Results: Survival analysis showed PAT, but not MAT, was a significant predictor of adverse cardiac events for all subjects across a BMI range of 13.4-66.7 kg/m 2 with a sub-hazard ratio (SHR) of 1.087, along with LGE and inducible ischemia (Table 1). Among the severe obese group (BMI ≧ 40 kg/m 2 ), PAT, LGE and inducible ischemia remain significant predictors for cardiac events with similar SHR. BMI or the traditional cardiac risk factors were not significant predictors in either the full cohort or the severe obesity. Conclusions: PAT predicts adverse cardiac outcomes across BMI strata, including severe obesity, and can be readily attained from CMR by simple linear measurements.
Abstract P3133: Cardiovascular Health Levels and Incident Cardiovascular Event Risk in Individuals with Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Jie Zhang, Hao Ma, Xuan Wang, Yoriko Heianza, Dongqing Ye, Lu Qi
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Established evidence has shown individuals with autoimmune diseases (ADs) have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to those without ADs. Hypothesis: We aimed to assess whether a high level of cardiovascular health (CVH) could mitigate this excess risk among individuals with ADs. Methods: A total of 13,229 participants diagnosed with any of 19 common ADs and free of CVD at baseline were included and matched with 46,609 controls without ADs based on age, sex, and assessment center in the UK biobank. The CVH levels (low, moderate, high) were estimated using the American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 score. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of levels of CVH with the risk of incident CVD events. Results: Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 3,752 (28.4%) CVD incidence occurred among participants with ADs (incidence rate: 25.23 per 1,000 person-years vs. 15.39 in matched controls; hazard ratio [HR] 1.57 [95% CI 1.51-1.63]). Compared to low CVH, a high CVH level was associated with a 44% lower risk of incident CVD in participants with ADs (HR 0.56 [95% CI 0.49-0.64]). Compared with participants without ADs, the excess CVD risk decreased substantially from 127% (HR 2.27 [95% CI 2.08-2.48]) in participants with ADs and low CVH to 31% (HR 1.31 [95% CI 1.18-1.46]) in the with ADs and high CVH. Conclusions: Higher CVH, defined by Life's Essential 8 score was significantly associated with lower CVD risk in participants with ADs, but even an optimal CVH managed in participants with ADs still has an excess CVD risk when compared with participants without ADs.
Abstract 053: Menopausal Status and Race/Ethnicity on the Association of Lipoprotein(a) with CAD
Authors: Anika Seshadri, Steven Cogill, Kent Heberer, Natalie Fullenkamp, Mei-Chiung Shih, Shriram nallamshetty, Jennifer Lee
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Overview: Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Little is known about menopausal status and hormone therapy in racial/ethnic-specific associations of elevated Lp(a) with CAD. We investigated this in an age- and racially-diverse cohort of women from the U.S.’s largest integrated healthcare system. Methods: We extracted structured cross-sectional electronic health record data for 2831 women with a laboratory result for Lp(a) between 1999-2023 in the Veterans Health Administration. We designated menopausal status (pre, surgical, natural), use of hormone contraception or menopausal hormone therapy (HT), and history of CAD as of the Lp(a) test date. Elevated Lp(a) was Lp(a) &gt;125 nmol/L. Using multivariate logistic regression with correction for multiple comparisons, we estimated association of elevated Lp(a) with prevalent CAD adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, menopausal status, and HT. Within menopausal subgroups, we conducted analogous multivariate logistic regressions. We tested for interaction between Lp(a) and menopausal status and between HT and race/ethnicity. Results: Elevated Lp(a) was associated with prevalent CAD among all women (OR=1.5, 95% CI [1.2, 1.9], p&lt;0.002). In subgroup analysis by menopause status, elevated Lp(a) was associated with prevalent CAD only for women over 60 with natural menopause (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.5, 3.0], p&lt;0.001). An interaction model between elevated Lp(a) and menopause status on prevalent CAD was assessed with premenopausal women under 60 without elevated Lp(a) as the reference group. Premenopausal women under 60 with elevated Lp(a) had an OR of 1.4 (95% CI [0.8, 2.5] p=0.274). Women over 60 with natural menopause and without elevated Lp(a) had an OR of 4.9 (95% CI [3.4, 7.3], p&lt;0.001). Women over 60 with natural menopause and elevated Lp(a) had the highest OR of 10.4 (95% CI [6.7, 16.0], p&lt;0.001). Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) of 5.1 (95% CI [2.2, 9.7]) supports an additive interaction of menopausal status over/under age 60 with Lp(a) on risk of prevalent CAD. The p-value for multiplicative interaction was 0.22. In smaller-sized menopausal subgroups, no observations were observed between race/ethnicity and HT on risk of elevated Lp(a) or on prevalent CAD. Conclusions: Menopausal status over age 60 and elevated Lp(a) (&gt;125 nmol/L) interacted to modify the risk of prevalent CAD. HT use as a possible effect modifier, by race/ethnicity, warrants further exploration.