tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetics
Authors: A. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To realise the potential of genetics research concerted activity by both academic and industry researchers is needed. Currently the research conducted by the pharmaceutical industry centres on two main strands: new drug development and pharmacogenetics.1

Pharmacogenetics aims at understanding how genetic variation contributes to variations in response to medicines. The variation that exists in all genes causes different members of a population to express different forms of proteins, including those that metabolise drugs or are the sites of drug action. This can lead to different responses to these drugs. Measuring the DNA differences can thus predict the variation in response to the medicine.1 In the past, systematic research into the basis of adverse drug reactions has been hampered by the fact that these events are rare and individuals are difficult to trace and study while suffering a reaction. The ability to conduct genetic research retrospectively, at the end of a clinical trial or after a medicine has been launched, using stored samples of DNA, gives researchers a powerful new tool …
Electrocardiographic Studies of the Effects of Propylene as a General Anesthetic in Man
Authors: Morris H. Kahn, Lloyd K. Riggs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 November 1931Electrocardiographic Studies of the Effects of Propylene as a General Anesthetic in ManMORRIS H. KAHN, M.A.,M.D., F.A.C.P., LLOYD K. RIGGS, Ph.D.MORRIS H. KAHN, M.A.,M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, LLOYD K. RIGGS, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-5-5-651 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe effects of propylene, an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the olefine series, as an anesthetic in animals have been reported in a number of communications by Halsey4,5,6 and his coworkers, by Riggs1,2,3 and Goulden3 and by others, with interesting and encouraging results. All have reported that propylene was an effective anesthetic in concentrations of 40 to 60 per cent by volume. None of these authors have reported either an immediate or delayed toxic action of this hydrocarbon. It appeared, therefore, that propylene might with safety be tried out in actual surgical practice.A group of research workers in New Orleans under...References1 RIGGS LK: Anesthetic properties of the olefine hydrocarbons; ethylene, propylene, butylene and amylene, Jr. Am. Pharm. Assoc., 1925, xiv, 380-387. Google Scholar2 RIGGS LK: The physiologic properties of some unsaturated hydrocarbons, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1924-25, xxii, 269-270. Google Scholar3 RIGGSGOULDEN LKHD: Studies of physiological action of propylene, Anesth. and Analg., 1925, lv, 299-307. Google Scholar4 HALSEYREYNOLDSCOOK JTCHB: Some observations on a new anesthetic gas, New Orleans Med. and Surg. Jr., 1924-25, lxxvii, 29-30. Google Scholar5 HALSEYREYNOLDSPROUT JTCWA: Anesthetic properties of propylene, Anesth. and Analg., 1925, iv, 195-198. Google Scholar6 HALSEYREYNOLDSPROUT JTCWA: A study of narcotic action of propylene, Jr. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., 1925-26, xxvi, 479-490. Google Scholar7 BROWN WE: Experiments with anesthetic gases; propylene, methane, dimethylether, Jr. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., 1924-25, xxiii-xxiv, 485-496. Google Scholar8 CAINEREYNOLDS AMC: Electrocardiographic studies of the action of propylene, and some other anesthetic gases, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. and Med., 1925-26, xxiii, 488. Google Scholar9 REYNOLDS C: Comparative studies of propylene, ethylene, nitrous oxide and ether, Jr. Pharmacol. and Exper. Therap., 1926-27, xxvi-xxvii, 93-99. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York City*Submitted for publication, April 15, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1931Volume 5, Issue 5Page: 651-658KeywordsAnestheticsAttentionElectrocardiographyHydrocarbonsSafety ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract P400: Dietary Pattern is Associated with Better Cognitive Function: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Na Zhu, David R Jacobs, Katie A Meyer, Ka He, Lenore J Launer, Jared P Reis, Kristine Yaffe, Stephen Sidney, Rachel Whitmer, Lyn M Steffen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Primary prevention of cognitive function decline is important for a middle-aged population, but further evidence about the influence of dietary pattern is needed. An A Priori Diet Quality Score (diet score) and cognitive function were studied in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of black and white men and women aged 18-30 in 1985-86 (year 0, Y0). We hypothesized that a higher diet score, measured at Y0 and Y20, predicts better cognitive function measured at Y25. The diet scores incorporated 46 foods groups (each in servings/day categorized into quintiles), with higher scores indicating higher quality diets. The score was the sum of quintile ranks of foods rated healthy, 0 for foods rated neutral, and reversed quintile ranks of foods rated less healthy. Cognitive tests at Y25 measured verbal memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)), psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and executive function (Stroop Test). Higher cognitive function is reflected by higher RAVLT and DSST scores and lower Stroop Test scores. For each additional 10 units of diet score at Y20, the RAVLT was 0.23 words recalled higher, the DSST was 0.87 digits higher, and the Stroop Test score was 0.69 lower. Diet score measured at Y0 was less strongly but still significantly associated with cognitive scores. In exploratory analysis, we found that education modified the relation between diet pattern and cognitive function measures, e.g. diet and DSST at Y20 were associated in less educated subjects, but not in higher educated subjects (P for interaction =0.02). In conclusion, higher diet score was associated with better cognitive function 5 years later in apparently healthy middle-aged adults. However, diet pattern was not related to some measures of cognitive function in better educated subjects, conceivably because of compensatory behaviors in better educated people that would maintain higher cognitive function scores, despite lower quality diet.
Uncertainty exists over frequency of blood tests to test antipneumococcal immunity
Authors: G C Kassianos
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The risk and consequences of salmonella infection in sickle cell disease are well established, though patients' susceptibility to this micro-organism remains unexplained.Simple preventive measures, however, may limit exposure to the micro-organism.We recommend that all patients with sickle cell disease who develop diarrhoea are investigated for infection with Sal- monella spp and given antibiotics.If Gram negative bacteraemia is found to be present an antibiotic that is effective in salmonella infection should be started.Other measures to reduce the risk of salmonellosis-for example, the provision of education about scrupulous food hygiene and information on food sources of salmonellashould also be taken.
Gene expression profiling of liver metastases from colorectal cancer: differences between synchronous and metachronous lesions
Authors: M. A. Pantaleo, A. Astolfi, M. Nannini, P. Paterini, G. Piazzi, G. Ercolani, G. Brandi, A. Maleddu, A. D. Pinna, A. Pession, G. Biasco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

15062 Background: At moment chemotherapy treatment of liver metasteses from colorectal cancer is not differentiated between synchronous and methacronous disease. We studied the gene expression profiling of liver metastases in order to identify some molecular differences for differentiating the systemic therapies in these two clinical setting. Methods: We collected fresh tissues specimens from 18 patients. We studied 9 synchronous and 7 metachronous lesions with Affymetrix platform. RNA was extracted from frozen tumor specimens, labelled and hybridized to HG-U133Plus 2.0 Affymetrix arrays. Raw data were background-subtracted, normalized and summarized with the RMA algorithm. Routine quality controls were performed. Probes poorly expressed or not differential in all the samples were excluded from further analysis. A moderated t-statistic test was used to identify genes differentially expressed setting the significance threshold at p <0.01. All the analyses were performed with R and Bioconductor packages. PCA analysis and hierarchical clustering was performed with TIGR MeV and functional classification of differential genes with EASE tool. Results: Supervised analysis identified 245 probes differentially expressed between synchronous and metachronous metastases. Synchronous lesions overexpress COX2, FLT1 and Cyr61 that are strongly implicated in the metastatic process, as cell adhesion, response to wounding, cell motility, immune response, angiogenesis and matrix remodelling. While metachronous lesions overexpress EGFR and genes related to its signaling pathway such as Jak1, PI3K, Jun. Realtime-PCR determinations of these molecules are on going in order to confirm the microarray data. Conclusions: Some interesting differences of gene expression profiling were found between synchronous and metachronous metastases. It may suggest that medical treatments of patients affected by metastatic colorectal cancer should be differentiated considering the different biological background, for example based on EGFr pathway inhibition for metachronous mestastases and on angiogenesis inhibition for synchronous metastases.The present results need to be confirmed in larger series and investigated in clinical trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
LIPOIDAL HISTIOCYTOMA (FIBROXANTHOMA); REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: George M. Lewis, Wilbert Sachs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1936)

Case Reports1 June 1936LIPOIDAL HISTIOCYTOMA (FIBROXANTHOMA); REPORT OF A CASEGEORGE M. LEWIS, M.D., WILBERT SACHS, M.D.GEORGE M. LEWIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WILBERT SACHS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-9-12-1746 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe origin and nature of the xanthoma cell is in doubt.1Because of this, its significance is not fully understood. Many observers have noted the rather widespread occurrence of xanthoma-like cells in dermatoses not usually considered among the true xanthomas. In using the term fibroxanthoma, a combination of a fibroma with a xanthoma is implied. Aschoff and Kammer2consider that such a unification exists and classify fibroxanthoma as a type of the true xanthomas. Pinkus and Pick2contend that the process is more likely due to the ability of tumors of the connective tissue group to become enriched with lipoids....Bibliography1. PLEWS LW: The nature and origin of the xanthoma cell, Arch. Path., 1934, xvii, 177. GRUENFELD, G., and SEELIG, M. G.: The nature of so-called xanthoma, Arch. Path., 1934, xvii, 546. Google Scholar2. URBACH E: Lipoid metabolism diseases of the skin, Handbuch der Haut und Geschlechtskrankheiten, 1932. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Received for publication August 21, 1935.From the Skin and Cancer Unit, New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital, Columbia University. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1936Volume 9, Issue 12Page: 1746-1750KeywordsConnective tissueSkin diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence and Predictors of Gaps in Care Among Adult Congenital Heart Disease Patients
Authors: Michelle Gurvitz, Anne Marie Valente, Craig Broberg, Stephen Cook, Karen Stout, Joseph Kay, Jennifer Ting, Karen Kuehl, Michael Earing, Gary Webb, Linda Houser, Alexander Opotowsky, Amy Harmon, Dionne Graham, Paul Khairy, Ann Gianola, Amy Verstappen, Michael Landzberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
WECHE
Authors: Osamu Ohneda, Kinuko Ohneda, Hisayuki Nomiyama, Zhong Zheng, Steven A Gold, Fumio Arai, Takeshi Miyamoto, Bruce E Taillon, Richard A McIndoe, Richard A Shimkets, David A Lewin, Toshio Suda, Laurence A Lasky
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Abstract 11845: Proximal Culprit Lesions of Acute Coronary Syndromes are Characterized by High-Risk Morphological Characteristics by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Maria Riga, Eleftherios Tsiamis, Andreas Synetos, Aggelos Papanikolaou, Georgia Triantafyllou, Costas Tsioufis, Dimitrios Tousoulis, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Purpose: Ex vivo studies have shown clustering of plaques with high-risk morphology in the proximal segments of the coronary arteries. We investigated in patients with ACS by optical coherence tomo...
Concussion
Authors: Ryszard M. Pluta, Cassio Lynm, Robert M. Golub
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Concussion (or mild traumatic brain injury) is a brain injury caused by blunt head trauma. In the United States, concussion affects more than 1 million individuals each year. The July 6, 2011, issue of JAMA contains an article on concussion.
Dnmt3a-Deletion Accelerates FLT3-ITD Malignancies In Mice By Hypomethylation Of Enhancer Sites and Activating Stem Cell Programs; Implications For Therapy
Authors: Liubin Yang, Benjamin Rodriguez, Min Luo, Mira Jeong, David Ruau, Choladda V. Curry, Xiaotian Zhang, Grant A Challen, Rachel E. Rau, Berthold Gottgens, Wei Li, Margaret A. Goodell
Journal: Blood (2013)
AN UNFORTUNATE DECISION.
Authors: Kathleen P King, Gerene M Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 14400: miR-200c is Up-Regulated by Oxidative Stress and Induces Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Senescence via ZEB1 Inhibition
Authors: Alessandra Magenta, Chiara Cencioni, Pasquale Fasanaro, Zaccagnini Germana, Simona Greco, Gianluca Sarra-Ferraris, Fabio Martelli, Maurizio Capogrossi Colognesi
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Abstract 12117: Self-Management Training Improves Chronic Angina Symptoms but not Psychological Burden
Authors: Michael McGillion, Sandra Carroll, Sheila O'Keefe-McCarthy, J Charles Victor, Judy Watt-Watson, Allison Cook, Tammy Cosman, Heather Arthur
Journal: Circulation (2012)

PURPOSE: Cardiac pain arising from chronic stable angina (CSA) has a major negative impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL) including pain, poor general health status, psychological distres...
Private firm gets 400m contract to run NHS administrative services in England
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Capita, one of the biggest outsourcing companies in the United Kingdom, has been announced as the “preferred provider” of a £400m (€560m; $630m) contract to provide back-office administrative support services to the NHS in England.

Anglian Community Enterprise, a social enterprise that currently provides community services in northeast Essex, supported Capita’s bid and will act as a “subcontractor” to the company, NHS England has said.

The contract is for primary care support services, including the management of medical records, prescription payments, and administrative support to GPs, dentists, opticians, and pharmacists.

The contract will run for 7-10 …
Parathyroid Ablation in Dystrophic Hamsters
Authors: Genaro M. A. Palmieri, David F. Nutting, Syamal K. Bhattacharya, Tulio E. Bertorini, James C. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Cumulative evidence indicates that there is an increased accumulation of calcium in dystrophic muscle and that this may have a pathophysiological role in the progression of the dystrophic process. The accumulation may be related to a defect of the plasma membrane. Because parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates calcium influx into the cytosol, the chronic effects of surgical ablation of the parathyroid glands on muscle Ca, Mg, protein synthesis, and histology, as well as plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK), Ca, and Mg, were studied in normal and dystrophic (BIO 14.6) hamsters. Thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) hamsters receiving replacement doses of l-thyroxine were killed at age 90 d, 55 d after TPTX. In intact dystrophic hamsters, the Ca content in the heart was 20 times higher than in normal animals and was reduced by half in TPTX dystrophic hamsters. Similar results were observed in diaphragm and rectus femoris. No abnormalities in Mg content were observed in intact or TPTX dystrophic hamsters. Ether-extractable fat of the heart and diaphragm was reduced in dystrophic hamsters and was not modified by TPTX. Protein synthesis was enhanced in the diaphragm of dystrophic hamsters but was not changed by TPTX. The concentration of CPK in plasma was elevated in dystrophic hamsters and fell significantly after TPTX. In the latter animals, microscopic examination of the heart showed lesser signs of dystrophy, particularly in the degree of fibrosis.
Docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (TAC) chemotherapy for operable HER2-negative, node-positive breast cancer patients: Results from a single institution.
Authors: Z. G. Surmeli, S. Aksoy, O. Dizdar, D. Sener Dede, E. Dogan, C. Arslan, I. H. Gullu, K. Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e11106 Background: TAC (docetaxel/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy is commonly used as adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer. However, data are lacking for HER2-negative subgroup of patients. Methods: Eighty-one node-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients who received adjuvant TAC (75/50/500 mg/m2 6xq3wk) with G-CSF support between February 2006 and October 2009 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The primary end point was to assess disease-free survival (2 years), safety profile of TAC regimen. All the patients received adjuvant radiotherapy and hormonal therapy if hormone receptors positive after completion of chemotherapy. Results: Median age of the patients was 47 (range; 20-69). During a median follow-up period of 8.8 months, recurrences were observed in 5 of 81 patients and 2 of them died due to progression of the disease. Two-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate were 86% and 92%, respectively. Total of 486 cycles were delivered. There were no treatment-related deaths. Main toxicities were hematologic; rate of febrile neutropenia was 2.4% and grade 3/4 neutropenia was observed in 14.6% of patients. Conclusions: Adjuvant TAC chemotherapy was effective with acceptable toxicity in operable HER2-negative breast cancer patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Phase II study of irinotecan plus panitumumab as second-line therapy for patients with advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC).
Authors: A. Atasoy, H. Yoon, A. M. Egloff, R. L. Ferris, A. H. Zaidi, B. Hough, A. A. Forastiere, B. A. Jobe, K. S. Nason, M. K. Gibson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS206 Background: Esophageal carcinoma is highly lethal and the incidence is increasing, especially the subtype of EAC. Our group demonstrated that overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) correlates with lower survival in EAC. Panitumumab (P) is a high affinity fully human IgG2 monoclonal antibody directed against human EGFR. Cetuximab combined with irinotecan (I) is effective for second-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). P alone is active in EGFR expressing CRC. Our group has empiric evidence for the activity of cetuximab + I. As such, we composed this phase II study of P + I as second-line therapy for advanced EAC. Methods: The primary endpoint is overall response (OR) as measured by RECIST (imaging every 2 cycles). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, safety/toxicity and correlative studies. Patients with a history of one prior treatment will be treated with P 9 mg/m2 on day 1 and I 125 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of each 21 day cycle to a maximum of 6 cycles. Inclusion criteria include confirmed EAC, measurable disease, no prior I or P, PS <2 and normal organ function. Exclusion criteria include use of CYP 3A4 inhibitors, prior anti-EGFR therapy, uncontrolled intercurrent illness. A Simon two-stage design uses power of 80% and a type I error of 0.05. 18 patients will be tested in the first stage, and the trial will be terminated if 2 or fewer respond. In the second stage, a total of 43 patients will be studied. Correlative Studies: Research blood and tissue will be obtained pre-treatment and during the third week of cycle 2. Blood will be studied for the role of FcgR receptors on the effector cell surface leading to antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity. Tumor tissues will be analyzed for pharmacodynamic (PD) and pharmacogenomic (PG) effects by measurement of EGFR pathway components using FISH and IHC and by kras mutation analysis. Enrollment: The study recently opened at UPMC, and two patients are enrolled. Significance: Along with the primary endpoint of OR, the goal of this trial is to utilize sequential tumor and blood sampling to study PD and PG correlates. The goal is to improve patient selection for targeted therapies in future trials. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen
Abstract 15179: Mir-182 Modulates Myocardial Hypertrophic Response Induced by Angiogenesis in Heart
Authors: Na Li, Irina M Jaba, Jinah Han, Bruno Larrivee, Daniela Tirziu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

The physiological mechanisms that underlie the coordination of angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte growth are unknown. Recently, we reported that induction of myocardial angiogenesis promotes cardiomyoc...