tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P2120: Assessing the Accuracy of OpenStreetMap Sidewalk Data: A Comparative Study with Google Street View
Authors: Brianne Nichols, Sabrina Thorn, Emma Tomb, Tyler Quinn
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Purpose: OpenStreetMap (OSM) serves as an open-and-crowd-sourced geospatial database widely utilized as a data-source in walkability studies, yet its sidewalk data accuracy remains unverified. Methods: An OSM base-map of Maryland was generated, excluding roads inaccessible to pedestrians, then clipped to 141 randomly selected census tracts (~10% of total census tracts), stratified by population density tertiles. Fifty points within each census tract were randomly distributed across qualifying roads. The OSM base-map and Google Street View (GSV) at each point were reviewed visually by trained researchers to determine sidewalk presence (one or both sides of the street) or absence. Points with unavailable GSV were excluded, and unclear points were re-reviewed for consensus. Percent agreement in sidewalk data between GSV and OSM was calculated for all tracts and for a subset excluding tracts with 0 sidewalks in GSV. ANOVA and post-hoc pairwise tests compared mean accuracy scores by population density tertiles. Results: Of the 7,050 points reviewed, across 141 census tracts, 6103 points were available in GSV, with 3674 points having sidewalks in GSV. When points without sidewalks were excluded from analysis, 11 census tracts were removed, showing that they had no points with sidewalks; all were from the low-density tertile. Agreement at all points and points with sidewalks in GSV are presented in Table 1. ANOVA analysis conducted at all points showed significant differences based on population density tertiles. Pairwise comparison found the low-density tertile had significantly (p&gt;0.001) higher agreeance from mid and high-density tertiles. ANOVA and pairwise comparison for points with sidewalks in GSV showed no difference (p&gt;0.05) between population density tertiles. Conclusions: OSM sidewalk data exhibits limited accuracy, with results showing underreporting of sidewalk presence in OSM. In 72% of points with sidewalks in GSV, OSM did not report sidewalks. The higher agreement at all points shows a lack of walkability, especially in lower density census tracts, combined with the default reporting setting of OSM, which is no sidewalks. These findings highlight the need to evaluate sidewalk presence when updating OSM content. Variations between census tracts may be caused by demographic factors, however, additional research is necessary. Potential limitations include availability and date of GSV images, and issues with generalizability outside study location.
Abstract P3130: Peer Coaching Improves Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation and Reduces Perioperative Challenges in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: kanwar parhar, Aaron Holm, Ravi Hira, Lara Oyetunji, Jeannie Collins-Brandon, Eric Lehr, Sarah Speck
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally, with approximately 1.5 million patients undergoing cardiac surgery annually. Active participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following cardiac surgery has been linked to a reduction in subsequent cardiovascular events and better survival. Despite these benefits, roughly 25% of patients nationally attend CR. Peer coaching, which involves guidance from individuals with similar experiences, may improve CR participation and has yet to be fully explored. The Peer Coaching for Cardiac Patients (PCCP) pilot program aimed to assess the benefits of peer coaching in improving participation in CR and perioperative anxiety and depression outcomes in cardiac surgery patients. Methods: This pilot study, conducted from November 2023 to April 2024, enrolled ten patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery. Participants attended four 60-minute coaching sessions via Zoom, two before and two after surgery, by a coach who had undergone coronary bypass surgery in the past (Figure 1). Patient outcomes were evaluated through CR participation rates, pre- and post-program Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 scores, and a post-program survey. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were used to analyze results, with p &lt; 0.05 considered significant. Results: Seven of the ten patients completed the PCCP program. All participants who completed the program went on to attend CR for an average of 19.3 ± 8.70 sessions and 9.57 ± 3.0 weeks. No statistically significant difference in PHQ-9 scores was observed (p=0.341). Participants rated the program highly in its role in anxiety reduction (9.0 ± 1.2) and its likelihood of making them attend CR (9.43 ± 1.05) (Table 1). Conclusion: Our pilot study suggests that peer coaching in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is feasible and may improve CR participation rates. Moreover, it may increase patient readiness for surgery and support post-operative recovery in cardiac surgery patients. While we suspect the PCCP program may have mitigated some of the post-operative physiological challenges, further studies will need to be conducted to delineate the extent to which it does. Future studies with larger and more diverse patient populations with longer follow-up are warranted to confirm these preliminary findings and explore the broader applicability of peer coaching in cardiac surgery patients.
Abstract P2038: Factors Associated with Food Insecurity in Clinic Populations in Kingston, Jamaica
Authors: Carol Oladele, Nadia Bennett, Vivien Wambugu, Keri-An Facey, Cavel Lawrence, Deron Galusha, Colette Cunningham-Myrie, Marshall Tulloch-Reid, Marlene Brewster, Michael Boyne, Trevor Ferguson, Mayur Desai
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Food insecurity (FI), defined as the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, is a major public health issue in the Caribbean and worldwide. Estimates show that 41% of Caribbean households experience FI, which has been linked to poor cardiovascular health. Yet, little research exists to understand factors that contribute to high FI prevalence in the region that experiences a high cardiovascular disease burden. Hypothesis: Sex, age, socioeconomic position, and comorbidities are associated with FI. Methods: We analyzed data from the Addressing Blood Pressure Control Through Dietary Approaches (ABCD) Study, a cross-sectional study that examined the effects of food insecurity on hypertension control in Kingston, Jamaica. Patients were recruited from two chronic disease clinics. Consenting participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including the Latin American and Caribbean Food Insecurity Scale (ELCSA), demographics, social and clinical characteristics, and lifestyle behaviors questions. ELCSA scores ranged from 0-9, categorizing patients as 0 food secure, 1-3 mild FI, and ≥4 moderate/severe FI. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with FI. Results: The final sample included 252 patients with complete study variables. Results showed that 77% of patients had FI and that younger patients were more likely to have FI (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in FI according to sex, marital status, educational attainment, and employment. Multinomial logistic regression model results showed perceptions of the food environment as affordable, and the number of people living in a household were significantly associated with FI. Patients who lived in households with 5-7 people had 6 times greater odds of severe FI (vs. food secure) (CI=1.72-18.46) than those who lived in households with up to four people. Those who perceived their food environment as affordable had 86 percent lower odds (OR=.143, CI=0.06-0.37) of moderate/severe FI compared to patients who perceived their food environment as rarely/never or sometimes affordable. Conclusion: Study findings show a high prevalence of FI among hypertensive patients in Kingston, Jamaica. Findings vary in consistency with existing research on contributing factors to FI and suggest the need for structural interventions to reduce FI in Jamaica.
Abstract MP29: Cardiovascular Health Effects of a Free-Sugar-Restricted Diet vs. a Usual Diet: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Adolescent Boys with MASLD
Authors: Liliana Aguayo, Scott Gillespie, Helaina Huneault, Cristian Sanchez-Torres, Jeffrey Schwimmer, Jean Welsh, Miriam Vos
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: High intake of added sugars (&gt;10% total energy) is associated with major cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about the effects on cardiovascular health (CVH) that could result from free-sugar restriction, particularly in adolescence, a critical period of CVH loss. Hypothesis: An 8-week low free-sugar diet will improve CVH more than a usual diet in adolescent boys with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease MASLD (formerly NAFLD). Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled open-label trial designed to test the effects of a diet that restricted free-sugar intake on hepatic steatosis (NCT02513121). Boys aged 11–16 years old with a diagnosis of MASLD (n=40) were randomized to an 8-week, study-provided low free-sugar diet (&lt;3% of daily calories from sugar) or their usual diet in a 1:1 ratio. CVH was measured using the AHA Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) criteria to estimate a continuous score (range: 0-100) and a categorical variable (high: 80-100, moderate: 50-79, low: 0-49) by averaging the scores from 4 CVH metrics (blood pressure, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, and glucose). Intention-to-treat mixed model analyses were employed, adjusting for age, study site (Emory or UCSD) and total energy intake. Analyses were performed in SAS (v.9.4) with significance evaluated two-sided at 0.05. Results: All 40 randomized participants (mean (SD) age 13.0 (±1.8) years; 95% Latinx) completed the study. At baseline, the mean LE8 scores were 63.0 ±14.6, and 10% of boys had high, 75% moderate, and 15% low CVH. From baseline to 8-weeks, the mean CVH scores of boys in the low free-sugar diet (n=20) significantly improved by 8 points (mean difference (MD) 8.27; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 2.9, 13.7; P=0.003) from 62.7 ±13.5 to 67.7 ±11.7. Among boys in the usual diet (n=20), the mean CVH scores had a non-significant decrease of MD=1.15 points (95% CI, -6.6, 4.3) from 63.4 ±15.8 to 62.2 ±13.6 (P=0.68). After 8 weeks, the mean changes in CVH scores for the free-sugar diet were not significantly different from those of the usual diet (MD=4.98, 95% CI, 0.6, 10.6; P=0.08). Conclusion: In this small sample of adolescents, a low free-sugar diet was associated with improvements in CVH after only 8-weeks, but outcomes were not statistically different from the usual diet. Further research is needed to determine if a free-sugar diet can support the maintenance of CVH in youth with and without MASLD.
Abstract P3126: A Community-Based Intervention to Improve Cardiovascular Health Understanding in the Dallas-Fort Worth South Asian Community
Authors: Parminder Deo, Anand Rohatgi, Parul Sharma, Mohanakrishnan Sathyamoorthy
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: The Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) South Asian (SA) community has grown to over 235,000 and represents a demographic with disproportionately high incidences of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Hypothesis: A community-initiated educational program will significantly improve cardiovascular health knowledge, motivation, and preventive practices among the SA population in DFW. Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we designed, implemented, and assessed an educational program delivered by a cardiologist and nutritionist through seminars and digital media. The 1.5-hour program provided information on CVD risk factors, dietary and lifestyle modifications, regular health screenings, and a question-and-answer session. Effectiveness was assessed with the South Asian Needs and Gaps Assessment Tool (SANGAT) survey before and after, measuring knowledge and motivation on a 5-point Likert scale (1=very low to 5=very high) and preventive actions. Descriptive statistics characterized the data. Results: A total of 92 community members attended the program with 126 assessments collected (74 before; 52 after). Participants included 58.1% females (age 49.1±15.9 years). Knowledge Improvements: All areas showed significant improvements (p&lt;0.001). Overall heart health understanding had an increase in "above average" and "very high" ratings from 36.1% to 73.1%. Knowledge of heart disease risk factors improved from 34.3% to 69.2%. Importance of diet saw the most significant gains, with "above average" and "very high" ratings more than doubling (35.7% to 76.9%). Awareness of physical activity benefits rose from 46.5% to 78.8%. Motivational Shifts: Significant increases were observed in all motivation categories, including overall heart health priority, diet improvement, and regular physical activity (p&lt;0.001). The percentage of participants rating their motivation as "very high" doubled, with "above average" and "very high" ratings totaling 84.6% across all areas. Behavioral Changes: Top planned actions included increased physical activity (50.0%), better nutrition (30.8%), weight loss (15.4%), and proactive heart health measures (7.7%). Conclusions: This culturally informed, community-driven approach enhanced health literacy, fostering sustainable lifestyle changes to help reduce health disparities. Future studies should address genetic and metabolic predispositions and evaluate the success of these interventions on health outcomes.
Abstract P2145: Low Physical Activity is Associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Californian Women with Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Leigh Ann Simmons, Jennifer Phipps, Sebastian Castro-Alvarez, Paige Smith, Victoria Keeton, Paige Gilliland, Phoebe Nicholas, Alina Patrikeyeva, Courtney Overstreet
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are rising in the United States, leading to increased maternal mortality, future pregnancy complications, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like hypertension and diabetes. Studies suggest that HDPs have different etiologies than non-pregnancy hypertensive disorders, and it is unclear whether behavioral and lifestyle risk factors for CVD in general are similar for HDPs. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that women with lower levels of physical activity early in pregnancy would have a higher risk for HDPs. Methods: We analyzed data from pregnant women in California with overweight or obesity enrolled in the Goals for Reaching Optimal Wellness (GROWell) trial. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between physical activity in early pregnancy (10-16 weeks) and later HDPs (gestational or chronic hypertension, or preeclampsia) while controlling for diet, depression, anxiety, sleep, and factors such as age, parity, BMI, maternal education, and race. Physical activity was measured in metabolic equivalents using the pregnancy physical activity (PPAQ) survey. Results: Among 453 participants, 38 (~8.4%) experienced HDPs. Average age for participants was 33.6 ± 4.1 years, 59% identified as a member of a historically minoritized group. Lower physical activity levels were associated with an increased risk of developing HDPs later in pregnancy (OR = 0.98, p = 0.003), after controlling for diet quality, sleep, mood, and demographics. The association between lower PPAQ scores and HDPs was significant for light-intensity (OR = 0.98, p = 0.04), moderate-intensity (OR = 0.97, p = 0.008), and household/caregiving activities (OR = 0.98, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Low physical activity levels in early pregnancy may contribute to the risk of developing HDPs. Importantly, general activity and light to moderate intensity physical activity demonstrated benefit, suggesting that even small increases in activity may be protective. Future research with larger samples should explore the role of different kinds of activity in the prevention of HDPs, especially for women with overweight or obesity, where physical inactivity may compound the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Abstract 062: Disease Trajectories of Cardiometabolic Diseases and Depression: Transition Patterns, Multiomics Signatures, Prognosis and Prediction
Authors: Guangrui Yang, Xuanwei Jiang, Jingxuan Wang, Shuxiao Shi, Sujing Wang, Wu DeShan, Meng Chen, Nannan FENG, Lan Xu, Xihao Du, Victor Zhong
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Objective: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) and depression, among the most prevalent physical and mental diseases, frequently co-occur and are associated with a higher risk of premature mortality. However, the trajectories of their multimorbidity occurrence, underlying biological mechanisms, and early prediction remain poorly understood. Methods: This study was conducted on 467,592 UK Biobank participants without baseline CMDs and depression. CMDs included type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. Multistate models were used to investigate transition probabilities and identify multiomics signatures for transitions from baseline to single morbidity and to multimorbidity. Multiomics prediction models were constructed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. Model performance was evaluated by the change of Harrell's C statistic (Δ C-statistic) compared to the demographic model and area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUCs). Results: During a median follow-up of 14.6 years, 64,442 participants developed CMDs alone, 17,533 developed depression alone, and 6104 developed multimorbidity. Depression preceding CMDs showed a 2.5% higher 15-year multimorbidity probability and 1.2% higher 5-year mortality risk than the reverse sequence. Multimorbidity was associated with a 14-26% higher mortality risk and 3.6-3.8 years shorter survival time compared to those without CMDs or depression. Distinct and shared multiomics signatures underlying disease trajectories were identified. Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways were implicated in both CMDs and depression progression. Proteomics scores showed superior prediction performance across nine disease transitions, with Δ C-statistic ranging from 0.07 for health-death to 0.22 for health-depression-CMDs-death, compared to the genomics (0-0.04) and metabolomics (0-0.16) scores. For 15-year outcome prediction, the proteomics scores model achieved AUCs of 0.65-0.87 for various transitions, significantly outperforming traditional risk factors-based and other omics models. Conclusions This study revealed distinct transition patterns, identified associated multiomics signatures, and constructed multiomics prediction models for the multimorbidity cluster of CMDs and depression.
Abstract P2008: SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES AND CARDIOMETABOLIC HEALTH: ASSOCIATIONS WITH RISK FACTORS IN U.S. ADULTS
Authors: Adam Koraym, Anas Abed, Giovanna Zampierollo, Timothy Hess, Matthew Tattersall
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: Poverty is an important determinant of health leading to barriers in healthcare access, inadequate nutrition, and challenges in managing chronic diseases. We sought to investigate associations between poverty and cardiometabolic risk factors using contemporary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2020 cycle. Methods: The study included non-pregnant adults aged 18 years and older from the 2017-2020 NHANES. Poverty income ratio (PIR) was defined as the ratio of income to poverty threshold. Generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex and body-mass index (BMI) were employed to investigate the association of poverty income ratio and cardiometabolic risk factors with statistical significance set at p&lt;0.05. Results: The 13,137 participants were a mean 49 (18) years old, (51% female). In models adjusted for age, sex and BMI, increased poverty (lower PIR) was associated with cardiometabolic risk factors including: liver stiffness (β= -0.0116 95% CI [-0.0189, -0.0043]), p= 0.002), systolic blood pressure β= -0.008 95% CI [-0.01, -0.006], p &lt; 0.0001) lower HDL (β= 0.0096 95% CI [0.0070, 0.0123, p&lt;0.0001) higher levels of high-sensitive CRP β= -0.0124 95% CI[-0.0172, -0.0076, p&lt;0.0001 ) higher hemoglobin A1c (β= -0.1272 95% CI [-0.1630, -0.0913, p&lt;0.0001) and more prevalent congestive heart failure, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p &lt; 0.0001 for all) (Table). Conclusion: This study demonstrates strong associations between poverty and cardiometabolic risk factors. Individuals with increasing poverty had higher blood pressures, worse cholesterol and metabolic measures and more systemic inflammation. These findings underscore the need for public health interventions targeting cardiometabolic health in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
Abstract P2004: Calibration of the Predicting Risk of CVD Events (PREVENT) equation among Hispanic/Latino adults of the HCHS/SOL.
Authors: Julien Tremblay, Charles German, Lily Dastmalchi, Tatjana Rundek, Hannah Gardener, Sandra Echeverria, Haibo Zhou, Nora Franceschini, Matthew Allison, Martha Daviglus, Amber Pirzada, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Tali Elfassy
Journal: Circulation (2025)

Background: The Predicting Risk of CVD EVENTs (PREVENT) equations were developed with minimal representation from Hispanic/Latino adults. Objective: To describe the ten-year risk of total cardiovascular disease (CVD) using PREVENT and estimate the discordance rate in Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort of 16,415 diverse Hispanic/Latino adults aged 18-74 from four urban communities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA). At baseline (2008-2011), participants underwent a comprehensive examination which included questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood draws. Among 4,829 participants 30-79 years of age, without a history of CVD, examined in 2008-2009 and followed through 2019 (at least ten years), we used baseline information on age, sex, blood lipids, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes status, smoking status, and anti-hypertensive or lipid lowering medication use, to calculate ten-year risk of total CVD (heart disease, stroke, or heart failure) using the base model PREVENT equation. CVD events were adjudicated from hospital records by an independent panel of clinicians through Dec 2019. We calculated the ten-year risk of total CVD using the base PREVENT equation. These analyses were weighted and accounted for the complex survey design of the study. We then calculated the discordance rate by comparing the predicted to observed number of CVD events overall and according to sex. Results: In a diverse sub-population of HCHS/SOL, the mean age was 47.3 years, and 52.0% were female. Using the PREVENT equation, the mean ten-year CVD risk score was 5.2%; and 67.9% had a &lt;5.0% risk of CVD; 9.0% had a 5 to &lt;7.5% risk of CVD, 5.7% had a 7.5 to &lt;10.0% risk of CVD, 8.6% had a 10.0 to &lt;15.0%, 4.1% had a 15.0 to &lt;20.0% risk of CVD, and 4.7% had a ≥20% risk of CVD. Over ten years, 224 CVD events were predicted, and 110 CVD events were observed (discordance rate: 103.6%). Men compared with women had higher risk of CVD (5.7% vs. 4.8%, p&lt;0.05) and CVD was more likely to be overpredicted among males (discordance rate: 178.6%) than females (discordance rate: 55.9%). Conclusion: In this diverse sample of Hispanic/Latino adults, the base PREVENT equation for total CVD overestimated risk of CVD, especially among males. These data identify a potential limitation of the PREVENT equation for Hispanic/Latinos adults.