tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of a Teddybear Hospital project on prescool childrens’ knowledge and medical students’ professionalism: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Julia E. Mildenberger, Rafael Cámara, Oliver J. Muensterer
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: The Teddybear Hospital (TH) Project is an effort to increase children’s knowledge and decrease their anxiety. It is also intended to improve medical students’ pediatric communication skills. This study evaluated the educational effects on participating preschool children and medical students. Methods: Preschool children were offered to bring their stuffed toys to the TH at our tertiary academic medical center. Medical students who had completed the pediatric surgery rotation staffed the TH, performed examinations, and interacted with the children. The children’s knowledge of anatomy, medical equipment, and healthy lifestyle, along with their level of anxiety towards hospitalization, was assessed using preinterventional and postinterventional validated survey tools. Preschool peers who did not participate in the TH served as controls. Participating medical students were tested on professionalism and pediatric surgical knowledge during, and 3 weeks after the intervention, and compared to their nonparticipating peers. Results: A total of 131 children (63 intervention, 68 control) and 48 medical students (16 intervention, 32 control) participated in the study. Children’s state anxiety decreased by 0.98 points (95% CI: −0.3 to −1.8, P &lt;0.001), while knowledge increased significantly on ‘healthy lifestyle’ by 1.4 points (95% CI: 1.01–1.79, P &lt;0.05), on ‘medical equipment’ by 4.5 points (95% CI: 3.8–5.2, P &lt;0.0001), and on ‘anatomy’ by 5.05 points (95% CI: 4.73–5.73, P &lt;0.01). No changes were detected in any of the outcome measures in the control group. Medical students’ objective professionalism increased by 4.2 points (95% CI: 1.58–6.80, P &lt;0.01) compared to nonparticipant medical students. The tests did not show an increase in the medical students’ pediatric surgical knowledge. Conclusions: Preschool participation in a TH increased knowledge and decreased anxiety regarding hospitalization and medical personnel. It also helped medical students to playfully acquire medical professionalism.
Comments on a Randomized Clinical Trial of Intraoperative Wound Irrigation
Authors: Feargus Pitcher, Giordano Perin, Saba Prakash Balasubramanian
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Navigating the Gastric Cancer Continuum—Insights and Challenges in Postoperative Surveillance
Authors: Shaina Sedighim, Lauren N. Smith, Brian R. Smith
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Elizabeth A. O’Connor, Corinne V. Evans, Michelle Henninger, Nadia Redmond, Caitlyn A. Senger
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Body mass index (BMI) of the 95th or greater percentile for age and sex is common among young people, and its prevalence has increased in recent decades. Objective To examine the benefits and harms of weight management interventions initiated in health care settings among children and adolescents with high BMI. Data Sources MEDLINE via Ovid, PsycINFO via Ovid, and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials through January 12, 2023; ongoing surveillance through January 26, 2024. Study Selection English-language studies of weight management interventions (behavioral and pharmacologic, including liraglutide, semaglutide, orlistat, and phentermine/topiramate) among children aged 2 to 18 years with high BMI (eg, ≥85th or ≥95th percentile for age and sex) conducted in or recruited from health care settings. Data Extraction and Synthesis One investigator abstracted data; a second checked for accuracy. Outcomes with sufficient evidence for meta-analysis were pooled using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures BMI and other weight-related outcomes, cardiometabolic measures, quality of life, physical activity, dietary pattern scores, and harms. Results Fifty-eight randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included (N = 10 143). Behavioral interventions were associated with small reductions in BMI and other weight outcomes after 6 to 12 months (28 RCTs [n = 4494]; mean difference in change between groups, −0.7 [95% CI, −1.0 to −0.3]). Larger effects were seen in interventions with higher contact hours and that offered physical activity sessions. Reporting was sparse for outcomes other than BMI, with few significant findings. Semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate had the largest effects on BMI (eg, 1 RCT [n = 201] for semaglutide; mean difference, −6.0 [95% CI, −7.3 to −4.6]). The very few studies that evaluated outcomes after medication discontinuation showed immediate weight regain. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were common with liraglutide, semaglutide, and orlistat. Serious adverse effects were rare, but no studies had follow-up longer than 17 months. Conclusions and Relevance In the short term, weight management interventions led to lower BMI in children and adolescents, with no evidence of serious harm. Evidence is lacking about how weight management interventions affect BMI beyond 1 year and after medication discontinuation and about longer-term effects on other outcomes.
Microenvironment shapes small-cell lung cancer neuroendocrine states and presents therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Parth Desai, Nobuyuki Takahashi, Rajesh Kumar, Samantha Nichols, Justin Malin, Allison Hunt, Christopher Schultz, Yingying Cao, Desiree Tillo, Darryl Nousome, Lakshya Chauhan, Linda Sciuto, Kimberly Jordan, Vinodh Rajapakse, Mayank Tandon, Delphine Lissa, Yang Zhang, Suresh Kumar, Lorinc Pongor, Abhay Singh, Brett Schroder, Ajit Kumar Sharma, Tiangen Chang, Rasa Vilimas, Danielle Pinkiert, Chante Graham, Donna Butcher, Andrew Warner, Robin Sebastian, Mimi Mahon, Karen Baker, Jennifer Cheng, Ann Berger, Ross Lake, Melissa Abel, Manan Krishnamurthy, George Chrisafis, Peter Fitzgerald, Micheal Nirula, Shubhank Goyal, Devon Atkinson, Nicholas W. Bateman, Tamara Abulez, Govind Nair, Andrea Apolo, Udayan Guha, Baktiar Karim, Rajaa El Meskini, Zoe Weaver Ohler, Mohit Kumar Jolly, Alejandro Schaffer, Eytan Ruppin, David Kleiner, Markku Miettinen, G. Tom Brown, Stephen Hewitt, Thomas Conrads, Anish Thomas
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most fatal form of lung cancer. Intratumoral heterogeneity, marked by neuroendocrine (NE) and non-neuroendocrine (non-NE) cell states, defines SCLC, but the cell-extrinsic drivers of SCLC plasticity are poorly understood. To map the landscape of SCLC tumor microenvironment (TME), we apply spatially resolved transcriptomics and quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to metastatic SCLC tumors obtained via rapid autopsy. The phenotype and overall composition of non-malignant cells in the TME exhibit substantial variability, closely mirroring the tumor phenotype, suggesting TME-driven reprogramming of NE cell states. We identify cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a crucial element of SCLC TME heterogeneity, contributing to immune exclusion, and predicting exceptionally poor prognosis. Our work provides a comprehensive map of SCLC tumor and TME ecosystems, emphasizing their pivotal role in SCLC's adaptable nature, opening possibilities for reprogramming the TME-tumor communications that shape SCLC tumor states.
Addressing the gender paradox: Effective suicide prevention strategies for women
Authors: Diyang Qu, Anni Zhu, Runsen Chen
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

The gender paradox in suicide research refers to the phenomenon that while males report higher suicide mortality, females suffer more from suicidal thoughts, leading to higher suicidal risks. This paradox may lead to the misconception that female suicides do not require as much attention. Therefore, there is an urgent need for researchers to shift their perspectives from the current male-centric approach to more inclusive knowledge for female suicidality. Following this, the current commentary emphasizes the importance of identifying and addressing the crucial but overlooked psychosocial factors underlying female suicidality. In addition, the ecological framework is employed as a guiding tool for exploring the intricate interplay of biological, psychological, societal, and cultural factors that are associated with female suicidality, thereby allowing researchers and stakeholders to develop more effective prevention and intervention strategies tailored to women's needs. Overall, this commentary calls for more refined and equitable approaches to suicide prevention that address the needs of individuals for all gender identities.
Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Wanda K. Nicholson, Michael Silverstein, John B. Wong, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Esa M. Davis, Katrina E. Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Marie Krousel-Wood, Sei Lee, Li Li, Goutham Rao, John M. Ruiz, James Stevermer, Joel Tsevat, Sandra Millon Underwood, Sarah Wiehe
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Approximately 19.7% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years in the US have a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts from 2000. The prevalence of high BMI increases with age and is higher among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents and children from lower-income families. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on interventions (behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy) for weight loss or weight management in children and adolescents that can be provided in or referred from a primary care setting. Children and adolescents 6 years or older. The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that providing or referring children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high BMI to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide or refer children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high BMI (≥95th percentile for age and sex) to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions. (B recommendation).
Major Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Behaviors, and Longevity
Authors: Daniel B. Rosoff, Ali M. Hamandi, Andrew S. Bell, Lucas A. Mavromatis, Lauren M. Park, Jeesun Jung, Josephin Wagner, Falk W. Lohoff
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Importance Observational studies suggest that major psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors reduce longevity, making it difficult to disentangle their relationships with aging-related outcomes. Objective To evaluate the associations between the genetic liabilities for major psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and longevity. Design, Settings, and Participants This 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study assessed associations between psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors, and longevity using single-variable and multivariable models. Multiomics analyses were performed elucidating transcriptomic underpinnings of the MR associations and identifying potential proteomic therapeutic targets. This study sourced summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, gene expression, and proteomic data from cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were performed from May 2022 to November 2023. Exposures Genetic susceptibility for major depression (n = 500 199), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), schizophrenia (n = 127 906), problematic alcohol use (n = 435 563), weekly alcohol consumption (n = 666 978), and lifetime smoking index (n = 462 690). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome encompassed aspects of health span, lifespan, and exceptional longevity. Additional outcomes were epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks. Results Findings from multivariable MR models simultaneously assessing psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviorsm suggest a negative association between smoking and longevity in cohorts of European ancestry (n = 709 709; 431 503 [60.8%] female; β, −0.33; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.28; P = 4.59 × 10 −34 ) and with increased EAA (n = 34 449; 18 017 [52.3%] female; eg, PhenoAge: β, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.79; P = 8.83 × 10 −4 ). Transcriptomic imputation and colocalization identified 249 genes associated with smoking, including 36 novel genes not captured by the original smoking GWAS. Enriched pathways included chromatin remodeling and telomere assembly and maintenance. The transcriptome-wide signature of smoking was inversely associated with longevity, and estimates of individual smoking-associated genes, eg, XRCC3 and PRMT6 , aligned with the smoking-longevity MR analyses, suggesting underlying transcriptomic mediators. Cis-instrument MR prioritized brain proteins associated with smoking behavior, including LY6H (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 2.37 × 10 −6 ) and RIT2 (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 1.05 × 10 −5 ), which had favorable adverse-effect profiles across 367 traits evaluated in phenome-wide MR. Conclusions The findings suggest that the genetic liability of smoking, but not of psychiatric disorders, is associated with longevity. Transcriptomic associations offer insights into smoking-related pathways, and identified proteomic targets may inform therapeutic development for smoking cessation strategies.
The Future of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery—Precision vs Protocol
Authors: Alison R. Althans, Jennifer Holder-Murray, Robert A. Tessler
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Khara M. Sauro, PhD; Christine Smith, MSc; Seremi Ibadin, MD; Abigail Thomas, MSc; Heather Ganshorn, MLIS; Linda Bakunda, BBA; Bishnu Bajgain, MSc; Steven P. Bisch, MD, MPH; Gregg Nelson, MD, PhD
A Pathway to Better Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Daniel W. Jones
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Microglia protect against age-associated brain pathologies
Authors: David A.D. Munro, Nadine Bestard-Cuche, Conor McQuaid, Audrey Chagnot, Sepideh Kiani Shabestari, Jean Paul Chadarevian, Upasana Maheshwari, Stefan Szymkowiak, Kim Morris, Mehreen Mohammad, Andrea Corsinotti, Barry Bradford, Neil Mabbott, Ross J. Lennen, Maurits A. Jansen, Clare Pridans, Barry W. McColl, Annika Keller, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Axel Montagne, Anna Williams, Josef Priller
Journal: Neuron (2024)

Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that contribute to central nervous system (CNS) development, maturation, and preservation. Here, we examine the consequences of permanent microglial deficiencies on brain aging using the Csf1r
Mental Health Service Use Before First Diagnosis of a Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Wanda Tempelaar, Nicole Kozloff, Emilie Mallia, Aristotle Voineskos, Paul Kurdyak
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Importance Characterizing mental health service use trajectories preceding diagnosis of a psychotic disorder may help identify individuals at highest risk and in which settings they are at highest risk. Objective To examine mental health service use and diagnostic trajectories before first diagnosis of psychotic disorder and identify utilization and diagnostic patterns. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, retrospective cohort study used linked provincial health administrative data. The sample included individuals aged 15 to 29 years diagnosed with a psychotic disorder in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2018. These individuals were matched to individuals with a diagnosis of a mood disorder. Data were analyzed from November 2018 to November 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were rates, timing, and setting of mental health–related service use and associated diagnoses in the 3 years before the index disorder among individuals first diagnosed with a psychotic disorder compared with those first diagnosed with a mood disorder. Results A total of 10 501 individuals with a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder were identified (mean [SD] age, 21.55 [3.83] years; 72.1% male). A total of 72.2% of individuals had at least 1 mental health service visit during the 3 years before their first psychotic disorder diagnosis, which was significantly more than matched controls with a first mood disorder diagnosis (66.8%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.42). Compared with individuals diagnosed with a mood disorder, individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder were significantly more likely to have had mental health–related hospital admissions (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 3.43-4.62) and emergency department visits (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.12-2.43) in the preceding 3 years. Those with psychotic disorders were more likely to have had prior diagnoses of substance use disorders (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.35-2.81), other disorders (personality disorders, developmental disorders) (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.61-1.90), and self-harm (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.36-1.98) in the past 3 years compared with those diagnosed with mood disorders. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that in the 3 years prior to an index diagnosis, individuals with a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder had higher rates of mental health service use, particularly emergency department visits and hospitalizations, compared with individuals with a first diagnosis of a mood disorder. Individuals with psychotic disorders also had a greater number of premorbid diagnoses. Differences in health service utilization patterns between those with a first psychotic disorder diagnosis vs a first mood disorder diagnosis suggest distinct premorbid trajectories that could be useful for next steps in prediction and prevention research.
Treatment Interventions for Child and Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Thomas N. Robinson, Sarah C. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interventions for Children and Adolescents With High Body Mass Index—Implementing the Recommendations in Clinical Practice
Authors: Roohi Y. Kharofa, Nancy A. Crimmins, Amy S. Shah
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

US Preventive Services Task Force; Wanda K. Nicholson, MD, MPH, MBA; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; John B. Wong, MD; David Chelmow, MD; Tumaini Rucker Coker, MD, MBA; Esa M. Davis, MD, MPH; Katrina E. Donahue, MD, MPH; Carlos Roberto Jaén, MD, PhD, MS; Marie Krousel-Wood, MD, MSPH; Sei Lee, MD, MAS; Li Li, MD, PhD, MPH; Goutham Rao, MD; John M. Ruiz, PhD; James Stevermer, MD, MSPH; Joel Tsevat, MD, MPH; Sandra Millon Underwood, PhD, RN; Sarah Wiehe, MD, MPH