tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of tube voltage on Scan-Rescan Reproducibility of compositional plaque volume: technical variability is not true biological change
Authors: Francesca Calicchio, Eric Hu, Shawn Newlander, Alexander Van Rosendael, Elizabeth Epstein, Austin Robinson, Samantha R Spierling Bagsic, Jadranka Stojanovska, Jorge Gonzalez, George Wesbey
Journal:  (2024)
Impact of linked color imaging on the proximal adenoma miss rate: a multicenter tandem randomized controlled trial (the COCORICO trial)
Authors: David Karsenti, Guillaume Perrod, Bastien Perrot, Lucille Quénéhervé, Edouard Chabrun, Stéphane Koch, Geoffroy Vanbiervliet, Gabriel Rahmi, Guillaume Velut, Maira Moreno-Garcia, Maryan Cavicchi, Xavier Dray
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Abstract Background Missed lesions are common during standard colonoscopy and are correlated with post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer. Contrast-enhanced technologies have recently been developed to improve polyp detection. We aimed to evaluate the impact of linked color imaging (LCI) on the proximal adenoma miss rate in routine colonoscopy. Methods This national, multicenter, tandem, randomized trial compared the outcomes of colonoscopy with white-light imaging (WLI) versus LCI for polyp detection in the right colon. Two consecutive examinations of the right colon (upstream of the hepatic flexure) were made with WLI and LCI by the same operator. First-pass examination by WLI or LCI was randomized 1:1 after cecal intubation. According to statistical calculations, 10 endoscopy units had to include approximately 700 patients. The primary outcome was proximal adenoma miss rate. Secondary outcomes were the proximal miss rates for sessile serrated lesions (SSL), advanced adenomas, and polyps. Results 764 patients were included from 1 January 2020 to 22 December 2022, and 686 patients were randomized (345 WLI first vs. 341 LCI first). Both groups were comparable in terms of demographics and indications. The proximal adenoma miss rate was not significantly higher in the WLI-first group (36.7%) vs. the LCI-first group (31.8%) (estimated mean absolute difference: 4.9% [95%CI –5.2% to 15.0%], P = 0.34). There was also no significant difference in miss rates for SSLs, advanced adenomas, and polyps in the proximal colon. Conclusions In contrast to previous data, this study does not support the benefit of LCI to the proximal adenoma miss rate in routine colonoscopy.
Effectiveness of kangaroo mother care before clinical stabilisation versus standard care among neonates at five hospitals in Uganda (OMWaNA): a parallel-group, individually randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation
Authors: Victor Tumukunde, Melissa M Medvedev, Cally J Tann, Ivan Mambule, Catherine Pitt, Charles Opondo, Ayoub Kakande, Ruth Canter, Yiga Haroon, Charity Kirabo-Nagemi, Andrew Abaasa, Wilson Okot, Fredrick Katongole, Raymond Ssenyonga, Natalia Niombi, Carol Nanyunja, Diana Elbourne, Giulia Greco, Elizabeth Ekirapa-Kiracho, Moffat Nyirenda, Elizabeth Allen, Peter Waiswa, Joy E Lawn
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Case Volumes and Outcomes Among Early-Career Interventional Cardiologists in the United States
Authors: Jennifer A. Rymer, Dennis I. Narcisse, Angel Chen, Daniel Wojdyla, Sarah Ashley, Abdulla A. Damluji, Binita Shah, Michael G. Nanna, Rajesh Swaminathan, J. Antonio Gutierrez, Anezi Uzendu, Adam J. Nelson, Garrett Bethel, Katherine Kearney, W. Schuyler Jones, Sunil V. Rao, Jacob A. Doll
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Long-term weight loss effects of semaglutide in obesity without diabetes in the SELECT trial
Authors: Donna H. Ryan, Ildiko Lingvay, John Deanfield, Steven E. Kahn, Eric Barros, Bartolome Burguera, Helen M. Colhoun, Cintia Cercato, Dror Dicker, Deborah B. Horn, G. Kees Hovingh, Ole Kleist Jeppesen, Alexander Kokkinos, A. Michael Lincoff, Sebastian M. Meyhöfer, Tugce Kalayci Oral, Jorge Plutzky, André P. van Beek, John P. H. Wilding, Robert F. Kushner
Journal: Nature Medicine (2024)

Abstract In the SELECT cardiovascular outcomes trial, semaglutide showed a 20% reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in 17,604 adults with preexisting cardiovascular disease, overweight or obesity, without diabetes. Here in this prespecified analysis, we examined effects of semaglutide on weight and anthropometric outcomes, safety and tolerability by baseline body mass index (BMI). In patients treated with semaglutide, weight loss continued over 65 weeks and was sustained for up to 4 years. At 208 weeks, semaglutide was associated with mean reduction in weight (−10.2%), waist circumference (−7.7 cm) and waist-to-height ratio (−6.9%) versus placebo (−1.5%, −1.3 cm and −1.0%, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001 for all comparisons versus placebo). Clinically meaningful weight loss occurred in both sexes and all races, body sizes and regions. Semaglutide was associated with fewer serious adverse events. For each BMI category (&lt;30, 30 to &lt;35, 35 to &lt;40 and ≥40 kg m − 2 ) there were lower rates (events per 100 years of observation) of serious adverse events with semaglutide (43.23, 43.54, 51.07 and 47.06 for semaglutide and 50.48, 49.66, 52.73 and 60.85 for placebo). Semaglutide was associated with increased rates of trial product discontinuation. Discontinuations increased as BMI class decreased. In SELECT, at 208 weeks, semaglutide produced clinically significant weight loss and improvements in anthropometric measurements versus placebo. Weight loss was sustained over 4 years. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03574597 .
Corrigendum to “Cerium oxide nanoparticles with antioxidative neurorestoration for ischemic stroke” [Biomaterials 291(2022) 121904]
Authors: Xiang Li, Zhihui Han, Tianyi Wang, Cheng Ma, Haiying Li, Huali Lei, Yuqi Yang, Yuanjie Wang, Zifan Pei, Zhuang Liu, Liang Cheng, Gang Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2024)
Oncological Resectability Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Novel Systemic Therapies: The Japan Liver Cancer Association and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Expert Consensus Statement 2023
Authors: Keiichi Akahoshi, Junichi Shindoh, Minoru Tanabe, Shunichi Ariizumi, Susumu Eguchi, Yukiyasu Okamura, Masaki Kaibori, Shoji Kubo, Mitsuo Shimada, Akinobu Taketomi, Nobuyuki Takemura, Hiroaki Nagano, Masafumi Nakamura, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, Etsuro Hatano, Tomoharu Yoshizumi, Itaru Endo, Norihiro Kokudo
Journal: Liver Cancer (2024)

Recent advances in systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have led to debates about the feasibility of combination therapies, such as systemic therapy combined with surgery or transarterial chemoembolization, for patients with advanced HCC. However, a lack of consensus on the oncological resectability criteria has hindered discussions of "conversion therapy" and the optimal management in patients with HCC. To address this issue, the Japan Liver Cancer Association (JLCA) and the Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery (JSHBPS) established a working group and discussed the concept of borderline resectable HCC. Herein, we present a consensus statement from this expert panel on the resectability criteria for HCC from the oncological standpoint under the assumption of technically and liver-functionally resectable situations. The criteria for oncological resectability in HCC are classified into three grades: resectable, representing an oncological status for which surgery alone may be expected to offer clearly better survival outcomes as compared with other treatments; borderline resectable 1, representing an oncological status for which surgical intervention as a part of multidisciplinary treatment may be expected to offer survival benefit; and borderline resectable 2, representing an oncological status for which the efficacy of surgery is uncertain and the indication for surgery should be determined carefully under the standard multidisciplinary treatment. These criteria aim to provide a common language for discussing and analyzing the treatment strategies for advanced HCC. It is also expected that these criteria will be optimized, modified, and updated based on further advancements in systemic therapies and future validation studies.
Obesity
Authors: Adam H. Gilden, Victoria A. Catenacci, John Michael Taormina
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Obesity is a common condition and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fortunately, weight loss treatment can reduce obesity-related complications. This review summarizes the evidence-based strategies physicians can employ to identify, prevent, and treat obesity, including best practices to diagnose and counsel patients, to assess and address the burden of weight-related disease including weight stigma, to address secondary causes of weight gain, and to help patients set individualized and realistic weight loss goals and an effective treatment plan. Effective treatments include lifestyle modification and adjunctive therapies such as antiobesity medications and metabolic and bariatric surgery.
Injectable and in situ foaming shape-adaptive porous Bio-based polyurethane scaffold used for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Abudureheman Bahatibieke, Shuai Wei, Han Feng, Jianming Zhao, Mengjiao Ma, Junfei Li, Yajie Xie, Kun Qiao, Yanseng Wang, Jiang Peng, Haoye Meng, Yudong Zheng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Irregular articular cartilage injury is a common type of joint trauma, often resulting from intense impacts and other factors that lead to irregularly shaped wounds, the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage and the mismatched shape of the scaffods have contributed to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. While injectable materials are a traditional solution to adapt to irregular cartilage defects, they have limitations, and injectable materials often lack the porous microstructures favorable for the rapid proliferation of cartilage cells. In this study, an injectable porous polyurethane scaffold named PU-BDO-Gelatin-Foam (PUBGF) was prepared. After injection into cartilage defects, PUBGF forms in situ at the site of the defect and exhibits a dynamic microstructure during the initial two weeks. This dynamic microstructure endows the scaffold with the ability to retain substances within its interior, thereby enhancing its capacity to promote chondrogenesis. Furthermore, the chondral repair efficacy of PUBGF was validated by directly injecting it into rat articular cartilage injury sites. The injectable PUBGF scaffold demonstrates a superior potential for promoting the repair of cartilage defects when compared to traditional porous polyurethane scaffolds. The substance retention ability of this injectable porous scaffold makes it a promising option for clinical applications.
The Role of Microsatellite Instability/DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Tumor Mutational Burden as Biomarkers in Predicting Response to Immunotherapy in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Niklas Klümper, Viktor Grünwald, Arndt Hartmann, Michael Hölzel, Markus Eckstein
Journal: European Urology (2024)
Reporting Conflicts of Interest and Funding in Health Care Guidelines: The RIGHT-COI&amp;F Checklist
Authors: Yangqin Xun, Janne Estill, Joanne Khabsa, Ivan D. Florez, Gordon H. Guyatt, Susan L. Norris, Myeong Soo Lee, Akihiko Ozaki, Amir Qaseem, Holger J. Schünemann, Ruitai Shao, Yaolong Chen, Elie A. Akl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Conflicts of interest (COIs) of contributors to a guideline project and the funding of that project can influence the development of the guideline. Comprehensive reporting of information on COIs and funding is essential for the transparency and credibility of guidelines.
A Blueprint for U.S. Health Insurance Reform
Authors: Liran Einav, Amy Finkelstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

The current U.S. health insurance "system" was not deliberately planned and constructed but has emerged piecemeal over the past half-century through a series of incremental and haphazard reforms. That policy history also reveals a clear but unfulfilled societal commitment to providing access to essential health care regardless of resources. To fulfill this obligation, the solution proposed in this article has 2 key elements: 1) universal coverage that is automatic, free, and basic, and 2) the option to buy supplemental coverage in a well-designed market. Such a system could, if desired, be created without raising taxes and without disrupting or changing the delivery of medical care.
Associations of Testosterone and Related Hormones With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Men
Authors: Bu B. Yeap, Ross J. Marriott, Girish Dwivedi, Robert J. Adams, Leen Antonio, Christie M. Ballantyne, Douglas C. Bauer, Shalender Bhasin, Mary L. Biggs, Peggy M. Cawthon, David J. Couper, Adrian S. Dobs, Leon Flicker, David J. Handelsman, Graeme J. Hankey, Anke Hannemann, Robin Haring, Benjumin Hsu, Sean A. Martin, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Dan Mellström, Claes Ohlsson, Terence W. O'Neill, Eric S. Orwoll, Matteo Quartagno, Molly M. Shores, Antje Steveling, Åsa Tivesten, Thomas G. Travison, Dirk Vanderschueren, Gary A. Wittert, Frederick C.W. Wu, Kevin Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2024)

Whether circulating sex hormones modulate mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in aging men is controversial.
Estimating hepatitis C prevalence in the United States, 2017–2020
Authors: Eric W. Hall, Heather Bradley, Laurie K. Barker, Karon C. Lewis, Jalissa Shealey, Eduardo Valverde, Patrick Sullivan, Neil Gupta, Megan G. Hofmeister
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) underestimates the true prevalence of HCV infection. By accounting for populations inadequately represented in NHANES, we created 2 models to estimate the national hepatitis C prevalence among US adults during 2017-2020.
Diagnosing cancer in English community pharmacies
Authors: Stephen H Bradley, Daniel Jones, Su Wood, Meena Rafiq, Carolyn Bradley, William T Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Cancer is diagnosed at more advanced stages, and consequently with poorer outcomes, in the UK than in many other high income countries. 1 -4 Although these disparities have been observed over decades, worsening access to general practice appointments, particularly since the coronavirus pandemic, has led to concern that people with cancer symptoms are experiencing additional delays to diagnosis.Achieving timely diagnosis for many cancers is crucial to improving outcomes as even relatively short delays are associated with reduced likelihood of survival. 5volving community pharmacy in detecting symptomatic cancer has long been proposed as a means of expediting diagnosis. 6In 2022 England's NHS announced ambitious plans to enable community pharmacists to arrange tests for possible cancer symptoms, 7 although the ongoing pilot schemes have adopted a more limited approach. 8Managing people presenting with possible cancer is not straightforward, and community pharmacies already struggle to meet high levels of demand.Even if substantially increased numbers of cancer referrals are made through community pharmacy, it will not solve the problem of delays for diagnostic services.It therefore seems unlikely that involving community pharmacy will transform how cancer is diagnosed in primary care.
Modulating Adjuvant Release Kinetics from Scaffold Vaccines to Tune Adaptive Immune Responses
Authors: Miguel C. Sobral, Laura Cabizzosu, Shawn J. Kang, Zhaoqianqi Feng, Hamza Ijaz, David J. Mooney
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Increasing the potency, quality, and durability of vaccines represents a major public health challenge. A critical parameter that shapes vaccine immunity is the spatiotemporal context in which immune cells interact with antigen and adjuvant. While various material-based strategies demonstrate that extended antigen release enhances both cellular and humoral immunity, the effect of adjuvant kinetics on vaccine-mediated immunity remains incompletely understood. Here, a previously characterized mesoporous silica rod (MPS) biomaterial vaccine is used to develop a facile, electrostatics-driven approach to tune in vivo kinetics of the TLR9 agonist cytosine phosphoguanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG). It is demonstrated that rapid release of CpG from MPS vaccines, mediated by alterations in MPS chemistry that tune surface charge, generates potent cytotoxic T cell responses and robust, T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed IgG2a/c antibody titers. Immunophenotyping of lymphoid organs after MPS vaccination with slow or fast CpG release kinetics suggests that differential engagement of migratory dendritic cells and natural killer cells may contribute to the more potent responses observed with rapid adjuvant release. Taken together, these findings suggest that vaccine approaches that pair sustained release of antigen with rapid release of adjuvants with similar characteristics to CpG may drive particularly potent Th1 responses.
FDA-cleared home sleep apnea testing devices
Authors: Ji Hyeun Park, Changwon Wang, Hangsik Shin
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

Abstract The demand for home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) devices is escalating, particularly in the context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The absence of standardized development and verification procedures poses a significant challenge. This study meticulously analyzed the approval process characteristics of HSAT devices by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from September 1, 2003, to September 1, 2023, with a primary focus on ensuring safety and clinical effectiveness. We examined 58 reports out of 1046 that underwent FDA clearance via the 510(k) and de novo pathways. A substantial surge in certifications after the 2022 pandemic was observed. Type-3 devices dominated, signifying a growing trend for both home and clinical use. Key measurement items included respiration and sleep analysis, with the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and sleep stage emerging as pivotal indicators. The majority of FDA-cleared HSAT devices adhered to electrical safety and biocompatibility standards. Critical considerations encompass performance and function testing, usability, and cybersecurity. This study emphasized the nearly indispensable role of clinical trials in ensuring the clinical effectiveness of HSAT devices. Future studies should propose guidances that specify stringent requirements, robust clinical trial designs, and comprehensive performance criteria to guarantee the minimum safety and clinical effectiveness of HSATs.
Augmented Cardiac Inotropy by Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Requires Phosphorylation of Rad and Increased Calcium Current
Authors: Alexander N. Katchman, Sergey I. Zakharov, Michael S. Bohnen, Alejandro Sanchez Jimenez, Jared S. Kushner, Lin Yang, Bi-xing Chen, Amina Nasari, Guoxia Liu, David E. Rabbani, Jiying Han, Cheng-Shiun Leu, Geoffrey S. Pitt, Steven O. Marx
Journal: Circulation (2024)
Metabolic Reprogramming: A Byproduct or a Driver of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation?
Authors: Xiaokang Chen, Hao Wu, Ya Liu, Lingyan Liu, Steven R. Houser, Wei Eric Wang
Journal: Circulation (2024)

Defining mechanisms of cardiomyocyte proliferation should guide the understanding of endogenous cardiac regeneration and could lead to novel treatments for diseases such as myocardial infarction. In the neonatal heart, energy metabolic reprogramming (phenotypic alteration of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism) parallels cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes. The metabolic reprogramming occurring shortly after birth is associated with alterations in blood oxygen levels, metabolic substrate availability, hemodynamic stress, and hormone release. In the adult heart, myocardial infarction causes metabolic reprogramming but these changes cannot stimulate sufficient cardiomyocyte proliferation to replace those lost by the ischemic injury. Some putative pro-proliferative interventions can induce the metabolic reprogramming. Recent data show that altering the metabolic enzymes PKM2 [pyruvate kinase 2], LDHA [lactate dehydrogenase A], PDK4 [pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4], SDH [succinate dehydrogenase], CPT1b [carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1b], or HMGCS2 [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2] is sufficient to partially reverse metabolic reprogramming and promotes adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. How metabolic reprogramming regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation is not clearly defined. The possible mechanisms involve biosynthetic pathways from the glycolysis shunts and the epigenetic regulation induced by metabolic intermediates. Metabolic manipulation could represent a new approach to stimulate cardiac regeneration; however, the efficacy of these manipulations requires optimization, and novel molecular targets need to be defined. In this review, we summarize the features, triggers, and molecular regulatory networks responsible for metabolic reprogramming and discuss the current understanding of metabolic reprogramming as a critical determinant of cardiomyocyte proliferation.
MASLD/MetALD and mortality in individuals with any cardio-metabolic risk factor: A population-based study with 26.7 years of follow-up
Authors: Minsun Kwak, Hyun-seok Kim, Zhenghui Gordon Jiang, Yee Hui Yeo, Hirsh D. Trivedi, Mazen Noureddin, Ju Dong Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: A new term, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has been proposed by a multi-society expert panel. However, it remains unclear whether hepatic steatosis per se in MASLD contributes to an increased risk of mortality in individuals with any cardio-metabolic risk factor (CMRF), which is also a significant risk factor for increased mortality. This study aimed to compare all-cause and cause-specific mortality between the “MASLD/MetALD” and “no steatotic liver disease (SLD)” groups in individuals with any CMRF. Approach and Results: A population-based cohort study was conducted using 10,750 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All-cause and cause-specific (cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and liver) mortality risks were compared between the “MASLD,” “MetALD,” and “no SLD” groups using the Cox proportional hazards model with complex survey design weights, adjusted for confounders. Over 26 years, the “MASLD” group did not show significantly increased all-cause (adjusted HR 1.04[95% CI: 0.95–1.14], p = 0.413), cardiovascular (0.88 [0.75–1.04], p = 0.139), or cancer (1.06[0.84–1.33], p = 0.635) mortality risk compared to the “no SLD” group in individuals with any CMRF. The MetALD group was associated with increased all-cause (1.41 [1.05–1.89], p = 0.022), cancer (2.35 [1.33–4.16], p = 0.004), and liver (15.04 [2.96–76.35], p = 0.002) mortality risk compared with the no SLD group. This trend was more pronounced in the MetALD group with advanced fibrosis assessed by Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). Conclusions: In individuals with CMRF, the presence of steatotic liver disease (MASLD) alone did not increase the risk of mortality, except in cases with more alcohol consumption (MetALD). Therefore controlling metabolic risk factors and reducing alcohol consumption in people with MASLD or MetALD will be crucial steps to improve long-term health outcomes.