tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving the NHS demands more than just extra money
Authors: T. Young
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We read your recent editorial with interest,1 and recall G K Chesterton’s observation that, “The Reformer is always right about what is wrong. He is generally wrong about what is right.”2 So we endorse the diagnosis—lucid and persuasive—while questioning the prescription. We can understand the call for more money, less interference, and, given recent history, a preference against top down restructuring and competition. Our question is, will this be enough or is the challenge even bigger than we imagine? We seem to believe that more money with less central interference can provide sufficient motive force to overcome:
The role of anion exchanger on pulmonary vascular response to sustained alveolar hypoxia in the isolated perfused rabbit lung
Authors: Farzaneh Ketabchi, Somayeh Mansoori, Seyed Mostafa Shid Moosavi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Background: Some respiratory diseases may induce alveolar hypoxia thereby hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). This study was the first to investigate the role of anion exchanger in sustained HPV.  Methods: Experiments were performed in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. In the HCO3- free groups, HEPES were added to the perfusate instead of bicarbonate. In the HEPES1 and HEPES2 groups, the lungs were ventilated with hypoxic gas with or without CO2 respectively.  Results: Ventilation the lungs with hypoxic gas resulted in biphasic HPV. No alteration in both phases of HPV was detected by DIDS (anion exchanger inhibitor,200 microM). However, DIDS (400 microM), extended ascending part of acute HPV until min 24. Both phases of HPV were decreased in the HEPES1 group. But in the HEPES 2 group, HPV tended to increase significantly during rising part of acute phase with no change during sustained phase.  Conclusions: This study is suggesting that anion exchanger may modulate HPV especially during acute phase.
Aortic Stenosis and Severe Mitral Regurgitation in the Fetus Resulting in Giant Left Atrium and Hydrops
Authors: Melanie Vogel, Doff B. McElhinney, Louise E. Wilkins-Haug, Audrey C. Marshall, Carol B. Benson, Amy L. Juraszek, Virginia Silva, James E. Lock, Gerald R. Marx, Wayne Tworetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 3789: <i>Nessun Dorma</i> : Have the Risks of Rosiglitazone been Exaggerated?
Authors: George A Diamond, Sanjay Kaul
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background A highly publicized meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials comprising 27,844 diabetics ignited a firestorm of controversy by charging that treatment with rosiglitazone was associated with a “…worrisome…” 43% greater risk of myocardial infarction ( p =0.03) and a 64% greater risk of cardiovascular death ( p =0.06). Objective The investigators excluded 4 trials from the infarction analysis and 19 trials from the mortality analysis in which no events were observed. We sought to determine if these exclusions biased the results. Methods We compared the index study to a Bayesian meta-analysis of the entire 42 trials (using odds ratio as the measure of effect size) and to fixed-effects and random-effects analyses with and without a continuity correction that adjusts for values of zero. Results The odds ratios and confidence intervals for the analyses are summarized in the Table . Odds ratios for infarction ranged from 1.43 to 1.22 and for death from 1.64 to 1.13. Corrected models resulted in substantially smaller odds ratios and narrower confidence intervals than did uncorrected models. Although corrected risks remain elevated, none are statistically significant (*p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Given the fragility of the effect sizes and confidence intervals, the charge that roziglitazone increases the risk of adverse events is not supported by these additional analyses. The exaggerated values observed in the index study are likely the result of excluding the zero-event trials from analysis. Continuity adjustments mitigate this error and provide more consistent and reliable assessments of true effect size. Transparent sensitivity analyses should therefore be performed over a realistic range of the operative assumptions to verify the stability of such assessments especially when outcome events are rare. Given the relatively wide confidence intervals, additional data will be required to adjudicate these inconclusive results.
Abstract 13656: Who is Being Referred for TAVR?: Patterns of Referral for TAVR at a Single Academic Medical Center
Authors: James A Nelson, John Vavalle, Sharif Halim, G. C Hughes, Andrew Wang, Lynne Koweek, Donald Glower, Jeff Gaca, John Alexander, John K Harrison
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Limited data exists regarding the patients being referred for evaluation for transaortic valve replacement (TAVR) for symptomatic aortic valve stenosis; including referral patterns an...
HYPERSENSITIVITY AND RHEUMATIC FEVER. PART I
Authors: J K AIKAWA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1945)

Article1 December 1945HYPERSENSITIVITY AND RHEUMATIC FEVER. PART IJERRY K. AIKAWA, M.D.JERRY K. AIKAWA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-23-6-969 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPART IA. Evolution of the basic concepts of hypersensitivity1. Anaphylaxis2. Arthus phenomenon3. Serum sickness4. Properties of allergy5. Von Pirquet's concept of the deleterious effects of antibodies6. Nature of the antigen-antibody reactionB. Relation of allergy to immunityPART IIA. Relation of rheumatic fever to hypersensitivity1. Clinical and pathological evidences2. Immunological evidencesB. Rôle of salicylates in rheumatic feverC. Immunization against rheumatic feverD. DiscussionPART IEVOLUTION OF THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF HYPERSENSITIVITYThe Greeks and the Romans recognized the condition of hypersensitivity and described the phenomenon under the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Winston-Salem, North Carolina*Received for publication May 12, 1945.From the Department of Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest College, Winston-Salem, N. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAgglutinins and Incomplete Antibodies after a Single Antigenic Inoculation in Normal and Rheumatic IndividualsHYPERSENSITIVITY AND RHEUMATIC FEVER*JERRY K. AIKAWA, M.D.RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS REVIEW OF AMERICAN AND ENGLISH LITERATURE OF RECENT YEARS (TENTH RHEUMATISM REVIEW)* Part IIWILLIAM D. ROBINSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD W. BOLAND, M.D., F.A.C.P., JOSEPH J. BUNIM, M.D., F.A.C.P., DARRELL C. CRAIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., EPHRAIM P. ENGLEMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., WALLACE GRAHAM, M.D., F.R.C.P. (C), L. MAXWELL LOCKIE, M.D., F.A.C.P., MAX M. MONTGOMERY, M.D., F.A.C.P., CHARLES RAGAN, M.D., F.A.C.P., MARIAN W. ROPES, M.D., F.A.C.P., EDWARD F. ROSENBERG, M.D., F.A.C.P., CHARLEY J. SMYTH, M.D. 1 December 1945Volume 23, Issue 6Page: 969-983KeywordsAllergy and immunologyAnaphylaxisAntibodiesAntigensHypersensitivityImmunityRheumatic feverSalicylates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1945 PDF downloadLoading ...
Variants of Unknown Significance and Their Impact on Autonomy
Authors: Celine Moret, Samia A. Hurst, Alex Mauron
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2015)

In the context of future preventive WGS/WES genomic screening programs, Lazaro-Munos and colleagues (2015) discuss whether the autonomy of participating individuals is best served by an all-or-noth...
Report of the Blood Transfusion Association Concerning the Project for Supplying Blood Plasma to England, Which Has Been Carried on Jointly with the American Red Cross from August, 1940, to January, 1941
Authors: Charles R. Drew, DeWitt Stetten, Cornelius P. Rhoads, John Scudder
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract MP035: Relative Attenuation of Visceral Adipose Tissue and Metabolic Risk: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Klara J Rosenquist, Alison Pedley, Joseph M Massaro, Joanne M Murabito, Udo Hoffmann, Caroline S Fox
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Visceral abdominal tissue (VAT) is a unique pathogenic fat depot that is associated with cardiometabolic risk above and beyond overall body mass index (BMI). Higher lipid content of adipose tissue is associated with lower tissue attenuation (i.e. more negative) in computed tomography (CT) and is expressed as Hounsfield units (HU). Given this framework, we hypothesized that lower CT attenuation of adipose tissue is associated with more adverse metabolic risk. Methods: Framingham Heart Study participants (n=3198, mean age 51 years, 47% women) who participated in a computed tomography sub-study with volumetrically assessed VAT and documented HU were studied. Cardiovascular risk factors were measured using standard definitions. The association between HU and metabolic risk factors was assessed using sex-specific multivariable-adjusted regression models. Results: Mean visceral HU was −93.9 (Range −105.7 to −79.0). Mean HU were overall lower in men (−95.2) than women (−92.4). Lower HU correlated with higher BMI levels in women (age adjusted r = −0.51, p&lt;0.001) and men (age adjusted r = −0.42, p&lt;0.001). Risk factors levels were more adverse with decreasing HU levels. For example, the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome ranged from 50% in the lowest negative tertile of visceral HU to 5.5% in the least negative tertile in women (p for trend across tertiles &lt;0.001) with similar trends observed in men (p&lt;0.001). In women, per 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in visceral HU, the odds ratio (OR) for metabolic syndrome was 3.6 (95% CI 3.1 to 4.3, p&lt;0.001), which persisted after adjustment for BMI (OR 2.5, p&lt;0.001) and VAT (OR 1.5, p&lt;0.001). Also in women, 1-SD decrease in visceral HU was associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.1, p&lt;0.001), impaired fasting glucose (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.4, p&lt;0.001) and insulin resistance (OR 3.3, 95% CI 2.8 to 4.0, p&lt;0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for BMI (OR 1.4 to 2.3, all p&lt;0.001). After adjustment for VAT, impaired fasting glucose (OR 1.5, p&lt;0.001) and insulin resistance (OR 1.4, p=0.003) remained associated but hypertension did not (OR 1.2, p=0.19). Finally, per 1-SD decrease in visceral HU, HDL levels were 5.2 mg/dL lower (p &lt;0.001) and log triglycerides were 0.20 mg/dL higher (p&lt;0.001), both of which persisted after VAT adjustment. Similar findings were observed in men. Conclusion: Lower CT attenuation of visceral fat, a marker of higher lipid content of adipose tissue, is associated with increased adverse metabolic risk above and beyond total VAT volume. These findings highlight that both quantity and quality of fat depots may provide additional information regarding cardiometabolic risk.
Treatment of the mentally ill: legal advocacy enters the second generation
Authors: Rubenstein Ls
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1986)

In the past, the legal and medical perspectives on issues relating to compulsory treatment focused on the individual's interest in liberty on the one hand and the physician's authority to treat on the other. Neither of these perspectives addresses the contemporary realities of treatment of chronically mentally ill people in the United States. The author suggests an emerging advocacy perspective that focuses on the quality of treatment.
Temple healing
Authors: S P Kalantri
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Editor—Raguram et al report that when patients with psychiatric disorders stay briefly at a healing temple most of them improve significantly.1 They describe at length the legend of Muthuswamy and endorse the local notion that the temple is endowed with mysterious healing power.

This suggestion could leave unwary patients with an unjustifiably favourable impression that healing temples can cure their diseases. Most Indians are deeply religious and superstitious. In Indian villages myths, misconceptions, blind beliefs, and superstitions abound. Quacks and local healers thrive on the illiteracy and ignorance of naive and gullible people and try to hoodwink them into believing that they have magic cures for their ills. 

Muthuswamy temple might be an exception, for it does not charge people who stay there, and, more importantly, offers no specific healing rituals. But local newspapers and quacks may distort the conclusions of the study by pointing out that even a Western journal recognises—and endorses—the hidden healing powers of Indian temples. The news might make thousands of people seek a cure for their chronic diseases in temples and shrines. Even people with potentially curable diseases may choose not to see doctors in the hospitals but seek shelter in holy places. The consequences of such an attitude could be terrible.

History tells us that when tuberculosis was a formidable foe in the 19th century people thought that their best chance of conquering the disease was residing in a sanatorium.2 Patients and their doctors all over the world believed that a salubrious environment, clear mountain air, and nutritious food was the best way to ensure cure. Thousands of patients with tuberculosis chose Switzerland as their health destination. Myths were woven around sanatoriums, and people who could afford it resided in what they considered “magic mountains” for as long as 10 years.

The sanatorium made most patients feel better for a while, but their infection progressed unabated and killed all of them. Doctors and lay people took 75 years to realise that sanatorium was a highly expensive—and terribly ineffective—intervention for getting rid of tuberculosis.

I think healing temples for alleviating psychiatric disorders and magic mountains for curing tuberculosis share one thing: a strong placebo effect fostered by local superstitions and traditions. Patients with chronic and psychiatric diseases often do not go to their doctors, but we should avoid creating an impression among the public at large that healing temples are capable of restoring their health.
Abstract #5564: BNC105 is a tubulin targeting agent that is not susceptible to efflux by Pgp transporter expression, and yields additive therapeutic benefit when combined with other anti-cancer agents
Authors: Gabriel Kremmidiotis, Donna Beaumont, Clayton Matthews, Jelena Gasic, Allison Hall, Renee Phillips, David Bibby, Annabell Leske
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

BNC105 is a novel tubulin targeting agent that exhibits very high anti-tumor efficacy. BNC105 elicits a high rate of tumor regressions and tumor burden clearance in many human tumor xenograft models. We have previously shown that BNC105 exerts its anti-tumor activity through a dual mode of action. This agent selectively disrupts the vasculature in tumors, and additionally acts as a direct cytotoxic against cancer cells. In order to address the potential utility of BNC105 in cancer cells that develop resistance to chemotherapeutics through upregulation of efflux pumps, we investigated BNC105 activity in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor, verapamil. Our data show that in a number of cell lines the efficacy of tubulin targeting agents commonly used in the clinic is reduced by the expression of efflux pumps. In contrast, BNC105 activity is not altered by efflux pumps suggesting that BNC105 is not susceptible to this drug resistance mechanism. Furthermore, we have investigated the capacity of BNC105 to be combined with other anti-cancer therapies. The potential for additive or synergistic effect between BNC105 and other agents was investigated using proliferation inhibition assays with a panel of human cancer cell lines. These assays suggest a strong synergistic effect of BNC105 with several anti-cancer agents including carboplatin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. The results of the subsequent investigation of these combinations in mouse xenograft assays concurred with our observations in cell lines. Furthermore, combination of BNC105 with radiotherapy treatment in a xenograft model of human head and neck cancer demonstrated a clear additive therapeutic benefit. BNC105 is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5564.
Private Eye, Heart and Hip: Surgical Consultants, the National Health Service and Private Medicine
Authors: M. Mckee
Journal: BMJ (1995)

John Yates Churchill Livingstone, £14.95, pp 175 ISBN 0 443 05466 5

Members of parliament reacted in different ways to the Nolan report on standards of conduct in public life. Some were genuinely shocked at the extent to which many of their colleagues had been enriching themselves. Others, especially those with lucrative consultancies, could not see what the fuss was about.

Similar reactions have greeted John Yates's work on private medicine in Britain. One surgeon wrote of his embarrassment at the failure of the profession to tackle abuses, but another--on a maximum part time contract--admitted openly that four fifths of his operating was in the private sector.

A BMA representative, in a now infamous radio interview, made a quite disgraceful …
Abstract 14805: Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis Through Angiotensin II and Interleukin-6
Authors: Soichiro Usui, Sei-ichiro Ohkura, Shin-ichi Takashima, Masayuki Takamura, Shuichi Kaneko, Yoh Takuwa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Cardiac fibroblasts, together with cardiomyocytes, occupy the majority of cells in the myocardium and are implicated in myocardial remodeling. The lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates functions of cardiovascular cells including cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts through multiple S1P receptors including S1PR1 to S1PR3. The role of S1PR1 in cardiac remodeling is not well understood. Methods and Results: Angiotensin II significantly induced expression of S1PR1 but not other S1P receptors in the mouse heart. Anti-S1PR1 immunohistochemical staining showed abundant S1PR1 expression in the vascular wall of coronary artery but not cardiomyocytes. Therefore, we investigated a role of S1PR1 during cardiac remodeling by employing transgenic mice which overexpressed S1PR1 under the control of α-smooth muscle actin promoter (Tg-S1PR1). Tg-S1PR1 developed bi-ventricular hypertrophy by 12-week-old and diffuse interstitial fibrosis by 24-week-old without hemodymanic stress. In...
Long-Term Exposure to Road Traffic Noise and Incident Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Mette Sørensen, Zorana J. Andersen, Rikke B. Nordsborg, Thomas Becker, Anne Tjønneland, Kim Overvad, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Road traffic noise at normal urban levels can lead to stress and sleep disturbances. Both excess of stress hormones and reduction in sleep quality and duration may lead to higher risk for type 2 diabetes.Objective: We investigated whether long-term exposure to residential road traffic noise is associated with an increased risk of diabetes.Methods: In the population-based Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort of 57,053 people 50–64 years of age at enrollment in 1993–1997, we identified 3,869 cases of incident diabetes in a national diabetes registry between enrollment and 2006. The mean follow-up time was 9.6 years. Present and historical residential addresses from 1988 through 2006 were identified using a national register, and exposure to road traffic noise was estimated for all addresses. Associations between exposure to road traffic noise and incident diabetes were analyzed in a Cox regression model.Results: A 10-dB higher level of average road traffic noise at diagnosis and during the 5 years preceding diagnosis was associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes, with incidence rate ratios (IRR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.14) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.18), respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders including age, body mass index, waist circumference, education, air pollution (nitrogen oxides), and lifestyle characteristics. After applying a stricter definition of diabetes (2,752 cases), we found IRRs of 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.19) and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.22) per 10-dB increase in road traffic noise at diagnosis and during the 5 years preceding diagnosis, respectively.Conclusion: Exposure to residential road traffic noise was associated with a higher risk of diabetes. This study provides further evidence that urban noise may adversely influence population health.