tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 9401: Risk of Acute Kidney Injury is Not Higher in Patients Who Undergo Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Surgery in Close Succession
Authors: Byungsoo Ko, Salima Mithani, Santiago Garcia, Venkat Tholakanahalli, Selcuk Adabag
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Cardiac surgery and coronary angiography are both associated with higher risk of acute kidney injury (AKI). We hypothesized that the risk of postoperative AKI increases when coronary angiogram and cardiac surgery are performed in close succession, without sufficient time to allow kidney function to recover from the adverse effects of intravenous contrast. Methods We included 2133 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery at the Minneapolis Veterans Administration Medical Center from 2004 to 2010. The outcome variable was AKI as defined by the AKI network (increase in creatinine &gt;0.3 mg/dl or &gt;50% from baseline 48 hours after surgery or hemodialysis) and the Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-stage (RIFLE) criteria. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Number of days between coronary angiogram and cardiac surgery was analyzed as a continuous variable. Results Patients were 66±10 years old. Mean preoperative creatinine and eGFR were 1.1±0.4 mg/dl and 75±22 ml/min/1.73 m 2 , respectively. Cardiac surgery was performed after a median 14 days (range 0-235) following coronary angiography. Of the 2133 patients, 680 (32%) met the AKI network definition, and 390 (18%) and 111 (5%) met the RIFLE risk and injury criteria of AKI, respectively. Age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus New York Heart Association class III/IV, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and impaired preoperative renal function (eGFR &lt; 60 ml/min/1.73m 2 ) were independent predictors of AKI. However, the time between coronary angiogram and cardiac surgery was not associated with AKI in univariable and multivariable analyses. Frequency of AKI was 35% in 433 patients who were operated within 3 days of coronary angiogram vs. 31% in 1700 patients who were operated after 3 days (p=0.17). Results were the same in subgroups of patients with impaired preoperative renal function and those who had contrast-induced nephropathy. Conclusion Risk of AKI after cardiac surgery is not influenced by the time between coronary angiogram and cardiac surgery. There is no need to delay cardiac surgery for the sole purpose of renal recovery after coronary angiogram.
Abstract 2299: Post-CABG Patients with Non-Revascularizable Coronary Artery Disease - A Population Based Study from Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Thomas J Kiernan, Barry A Boilson, Gurpreet S Sandhu, Gregory W Barsness, Charanjit S Rihal, Robert D Simari
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Advances in molecular and cellular biology have supported the development of new therapeutic approaches to limiting ischemia. Most often these approaches target patients with ischemia post coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Currently, there are few data available on the incidence and outcomes of such patients. To understand this important patient cohort and to estimate the potential need for new therapies, we performed a population-based study of post CABG patients who underwent coronary and graft angiography for angina from 2001 – 2005. Patients who underwent coronary artery and bypass graft angiography at Mayo Clinic from 2001 – 2005 were identified. Medical records were reviewed to determine indication for angiography, and angiographic analysis was performed in all patients. The study cohort was then followed prospectively until March 1 2008. Among 133,000 residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, 347 post bypass patients with angina underwent coronary angiography from 2001 – 2005. Of those, 51% (177 patients) received further revascularization (endovascular and surgical) and the remaining 170 patients were managed medically. There was no statistical difference in terms of all cause mortality and cardiac mortality between the group that received further revascularization and the group that did not. Adjusting for age and sex for differences between the Olmsted County population and the US white 2000 population yields a yearly incidence rate of 17.9 (95% CI 14.2–21.6) to 33.2 (95% CI 28.2 – 38.3) patients with non-revascularizable angina following CABG per 100,000 population. There was no difference in all cause or cardiac mortality in post-CABG patients presenting with angina whether they received further endovascular/surgical revascularization or not. We estimate that non-revascularizable coronary artery disease post CABG arises in approximately 50,000 (95% CI 40,000 – 61,000) to 93,000 (95% CI 79,000 – 110,000) patients per year extrapolating to the entire US population as a whole.
Headliners: Maternal Nutrition and Child Cancer: Mother’s Pre-pregnancy Diet May Influence Child Cancer Risk
Authors: Susan M. Booker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Jensen CD, Block G, Buffler P, Ma X, Selvin S, Month S. 2004. Maternal dietary risk factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (United States). Cancer Causes Control 15(6):559–570.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer (with 2,400 cases diagnosed each year in those under age 20) and the second most common cause of mortality in children aged 1–14. Recent research has confirmed that ALL can originate in utero. New findings from the NIEHS-funded Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) show that the disease may originate even earlier—in the foods a woman eats before she even becomes pregnant.

The effect of maternal diet on child leukemia risk has not been rigorously studied; the few studies that have been done have focused on specific dietary factors, and the results have been mixed. The NCCLS is a population-based case–control study of risk factors for child leukemia, including maternal diet. It is the first study to capture mothers’ overall dietary patterns and relate them to child leukemia.

Researchers compared 138 mothers of children diagnosed with ALL with a control group of 138 mothers whose children did not have cancer. All the mothers completed a questionnaire pertaining to their diet in the 12 months prior to pregnancy. The researchers chose this period as a more accurate reflection of each woman’s typical diet, compared to pregnancy, when diet can vary with the degree of nausea experienced. The questionnaire asked about 76 food items, plus use of vitamins, certain reduced-fat foods, and cooking fat.

The researchers found that the more vegetables, fruits, and proteins a woman ate, the lower the risk of her child having leukemia. Of the vegetables and fruits, carrots and cantaloupe showed the highest inverse effect, perhaps because of these foods’ high carotenoid content. String beans and peas also correlated inversely with ALL risk. Among the proteins, beef and beans—both sources of the antioxidant glutathione—showed the highest inverse effect. Use of vitamin supplements was not significantly linked to leukemia risk.

The authors stress that dietary factors work together, and no one food should be singled out in attributing risk or benefit. Further, a cause-and-effect relationship can not be concluded from this study. However, they write, it remains prudent for women who are pregnant or think they may become pregnant to eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
The hot air on passive smoking
Authors: B. Nemery, D. Piette, J. Le Fanu, C. J Proctor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Chapman’s piece about a newspaper report on a study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer that allegedly showed that passive smoking does not cause cancer1 reminds us of a similar incident a few years ago. On 3 June 1996 Le Soir, the leading French language newspaper in Belgium, published an article carrying the following title: “Le tabagisme passif pas nocif” [passive smoking is not harmful]. This article was based on a report by Agence France Presse and indicated that six scientific experts from all over Europe had evaluated all available studies on passive smoking and concluded that no significant risk of lung cancer was associated with it. 

Le Soir mentioned that the study had been sponsored by the tobacco industry and gave the names of the experts who “had accepted to perform the study on the condition that they could work without interference from the sponsors.” We were struck by the presence among these experts of one professor whom we knew relatively well—not, however, for his expertise in epidemiology or smoking issues—and conducted a Medline search to find out what these experts had published in the field of epidemiology or about the effects of smoking. This gave the results shown in the table when we used “lung,” “smoking,” or “tobacco,” as well as “epidemiol*” as (separate) search terms for the period between 1966 and 1996. 

This certainly confirms the terms of BAT’s memo from 1988 that Chapman mentions—namely, that scientific consultants should have “no previous record on the primary issues.” We are not questioning the scientific achievements, or indeed the integrity, of these academics, but it is obvious that none of them could reasonably be considered an expert in the epidemiology of lung cancer caused by passive smoking. It would not have been difficult for journalists to find this out. We do not imply that experimental scientists have no say in assessing the impact of toxic agents on public health, but we wonder whether it is acceptable that expert panels should consist of such scientists only. 

One of us seemingly fitted the profile defined in the industry’s strategy and in 1990 was approached by a lawyer working for the tobacco industry. His company wanted a “well recognised university” to organise a “balanced scientific debate” about environmental tobacco smoke in or near Brussels, “the centre of regulation in Europe.” Apart from reservations about the costs invoked in inviting a speaker from Australia, a major stumbling block seemed to be our insistence on opening the conference with a talk addressing the effects of active smoking. The conference never took place.
Abstract 132: Evaluation of Therapeutic Hypothermia With Modified Less Invasive Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hideki Arimoto, Takeru Morimoto, Koichi Suehiro, Sanae Hosomi, Junichi Ishikawa, Akihiro Fuke, Toshinori Miyaichi, Masanori Kan, Hiroshi Rinka, Arito Kaji
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: Mild therapeutic hypothermia has been integrated into management strategies for improving the neurological outcome of cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation. We introduce our rapid and safe hypothermia procedure with Modified Invasive Cardiopulmonary bypass Hypothermia (LICH) for Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these new procedures on the outcomes of cardiac arrest patients. Methods: From January 2007 to April 2010, 40 patients were treated with mild hypothermia. These patients were divided into LICH procedure (Group L, N=17) and traditional cold blanket procedure (Group C, N=23) groups. The LICH procedure was indicated for unconscious ROSC patients under 75 years of age after cardiogenic cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) with a witness, excluding those with brain hemorrhage, traumatic CPA, and risk of bleeding. Our modified LICH procedure quickly induced hypothermia via narrow pediatric cannulas on low-perfusion (1 l/min) artery-...
Abstract 2716: High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein (HMGB1) Released by Cell Transplantation Plays an Important Role in the Therapeutic Effects for Treating Chronic Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Kenichi Yamahara, Satsuki Fukushima, Anabel Varela-Carver, Leanne E Felkin, Steven R Coppen, Alexander E Ermakov, Paul J Barton, Magdi H Yacoub, Ken Suzuki
Journal: Circulation (2006)
Abstract 473: Aldose Reductase Expression In Foam Cells As Possible Link Between Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia And Atherosclerosis
Authors: Christian A Gleissner, John M Sanders, Klaus Ley
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Aldose reductase (AR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, which under normoglycemic conditions detoxifies aldehydes. With increased glucose levels, however, AR uses glucose as substrate, resulting in increased osmotic and oxidative stress as shown in diabetic microvascular complications like polyneuropathy or nephropathy. Recently, overex-pression of human AR has been shown to increase atherosclerotic lesions in LDL receptor knock out mice. We hypothesized that AR is expressed in foam cells and contributes to atherosclerosis in humans. To evaluate the relevance of AR expression in human foam cells, monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood by gradient centrifugation and negative isolation. Macrophages were generated by treating monocytes with either macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or CXCL4 (platelet factor-4) for 6 days. To induce foam cell formation, macrophages were treated with oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL, 100 μg/ml) or medium for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, or 48 hours. AR expression was assessed by real-time RT-PCR. AR activity was determined photometrically by measurement of NADPH consumption. At 4 hours, AR gene expression was found increased about 1.4- (M-CSF) and 1.8-fold (CXCL4), respectively. In accordance with these findings, AR activity was significantly increased in macrophages stimulated with oxLDL and could be inhibited by treatment with the AR inhibitor epalrestat. oxLDL-dependent upregulation of AR was further elevated under hyperglycemic conditions (30 mM glucose) supporting a synergistic effect of hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of AR by epalrestat resulted in reduction of oxLDL-dependent IL-6 upregulation suggesting that pro-inflammatory effects of oxLDL are at least partly mediated by AR. The in-vivo relevance of AR expression was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry showing expression AR in human atherosclerotic plaque. In summary, we demonstrate oxLDL-dependent upregulation of AR in human macrophages as a novel pro-inflammatory mechanism in foam cells. AR might represent a potential link between hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis and might be a relevant therapeutic target.
Inhibition of Autophagy in Combination with Ponatinib or Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibition to Improve Treatment Response for Both Bcr-Abl Dependent and Independent Mechanisms of TKI-Resistance in CML
Authors: G.Vignir Helgason, Elaine K Allan, Samanta Mariani, Arunima Mukhopadhyay, Maria Karvela, Sara Galavotti, Alessandra Audia, Ashley Hamilton, Franck E. Nicolini, Brian J. Druker, Paolo Salomoni, Bruno Calabretta, Tessa L. Holyoake
Journal: Blood (2012)
Antisense MicroRNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Leonne E Philippen, Ellen Dirkx, Jan B M Wit, Koos Burggraaf, Leon J de Windt, Paula A da Costa Martins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2015)

Heart failure (HF) is the end result of a diverse set of causes such as genetic cardiomyopathies, coronary artery disease, and hypertension and represents the primary cause of hospitalization in Europe. This serious clinical disorder is mostly associated with pathological remodeling of the myocardium, pump failure, and sudden death. While the survival of HF patients can be prolonged with conventional pharmacological therapies, the prognosis remains poor. New therapeutic modalities are thus needed that will target the underlying causes and not only the symptoms of the disease. Under chronic cardiac stress, small noncoding RNAs, in particular microRNAs, act as critical regulators of cardiac tissue remodeling and represent a new class of therapeutic targets in patients suffering from HF. Here, we focus on the potential use of microRNA inhibitors as a new treatment paradigm for HF.
Abstract 21223: Radiofrequency Atrial Ablation and Visualization of Lesion Formation Under Real Time MRI Guidance
Authors: Gaston R Vergara, Evgueni Kholmovski, Sathya Vijayakumar, Joshua Blauer, Christopher Gloschat, Kimberly Lilbok, Gene Payne, Saulius Kalvaitis, Nazem W Akoum, Mike Guttman, Kamal Vij, Chris McGann, Rob MacLeod, Nassir F Marrouche
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: We assessed the feasibility of a novel 3-Tesla real time-MRI (RT-MRI) based ablation model and lesion visualization during ablation. Methods: Ten swine were taken to the interventiona...
Trial of prescribing strategies in managing sore throat
Authors: M De Meyere, M Bogaert, G Verschraegen, I Mervielde, W. J McIsaac, P. Little, I. Williamson, C. Gould, A.-L. Kinmonth, M. Gantley, G. Warner
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Rationing health careAllocating resources only to treating present dangers would ruin preventive health care and jeopardise future livesEditor-In his article on the objectives of the NHS John Harris argues that "there is a good principle that real and present dangers should be met before future and speculative ones." 1 Has he really thought about the implications of this?Immunisation, health promotion, and preventive interventions would all be swept away in favour of curative treatments.As the lives lost by such a shift in resources would be future lives and the people not identifiable beforehand, they would count for nothing.The state's obligation to protect the "citizen against threats to her life and liberty" only applies to immediate threats.Harris argues that the health budget should be larger, as if a larger budget will somehow allocate itself and obviate the need for choosing between competing alternatives.He also claims that health care (and he means curative care) should be afforded a high priority in the state budget.This presents a simple dilemma: should the state spend more on raising the income of impoverished families or on resources to provide more intensive care beds?Since raising the income of poor families has no impact on immediate threats to health, according to Harris we must clearly prefer spending more on providing more intensive care beds.Harris fails to recognise the first problem in identifying healthcare needs.If resources are not the immediate constraint on a healthcare system then rationing takes place on the basis of whether a need (or a want) can be legitimised as a healthcare need.In times of plenty the remit of formal health care expands.Harris seems to desire this process to continue.In wishing for more of our labour to be devoted to financing this end, he can see no cost or opportunity cost to the process.Am I alone in finding this naive?
恰当看待草药：使用草药有风险，但这种风险可能比使用合成药小
Authors: EErnst, 宋军, 陈可冀
Journal: BMJ (2004)

最近的综述已经恰当地提醒了我们草药的风险。这是必需的，也是重要的，但是，更重要的问题可能是，带来风险的草药是否益处大于潜在的危害?因此，我将试着从恰当的角度讨论草药问题，并考虑它们可能带来的益处。
Abstract 14034: Prognostic Benefit from Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in 300 Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matthias Thielmann, Eva Kottenberg, Judith Musiolik, Daniel Wendt, Nilgun Gedik, Marianne Schluter, Susanne Pasa, Daniel S Dohle, Kontstantinos Tsagakis, Petra Kleinbongard, Jurgen Peters, Heinz Jakob, Gerd Heusch
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) reduced myocardial injury following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in recent proof-of-concept and small randomized controlled trials ...
Abstract 15178: Population-Based Evaluation of Appropriate Therapies and Death Among Elderly Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Recipients: The Ontario ICD Database
Authors: Derek Yung, David Birnie, Paul Dorian, Jeffrey S Healey, Christopher S Simpson, Eugene Crystal, Andrew D Krahn, Yaariv Khaykin, Douglas Cameron, Zhongliang Chen, Douglas S Lee
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Structured interview data on 35 cases of dissociative identity disorder in Turkey
Authors: V Sar, L I Yargiç, H Tutkun
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of dissociative identity disorder in a group of Turkish patients as assessed with a structured interview.Thirty-five consecutive patients at the dissociative disorders program of a university psychiatric clinic who met the DSM-IV criteria for dissociative identity disorder were included in this study. The subjects were assessed with the Turkish versions of the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. A descriptive analysis of the clinical features was carried out.Most (88.6%) of the patients were women. The mean age of the group was 22.8 years. Childhood physical or sexual abuse was reported by 77.1% of the patients. The mean Dissociative Experiences Scale score was 49.1. The patients reported an average of 12.5 somatic symptoms, 6.2 Schneiderian symptoms, 10.0 secondary features of the disorder, 3.8 borderline personality disorder criteria, and 4.1 extrasensory experiences.Dissociative identity disorder has a stable, consistent set of features throughout North America, in the Netherlands, and in Turkey. Cross-cultural research using standardized assessment measures will be invaluable in further illumination of the validity of this widely neglected psychiatric category.
Day hospital/crisis respite care versus inpatient care, Part II: Service utilization and costs
Authors: William H. Sledge, Jacob Tebes, Nancy Wolff, Thomas W. Helminiak
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1996)

The authors compared service utilization and costs for acutely ill psychiatric patients treated in a day hospital/crisis respite program or in a hospital inpatient program.The patients (N = 197) were randomly assigned to one of the two programs and followed for 10 months after discharge. Both programs were provided by a community mental health center (CMHC) in a poor urban community. Data were collected for developing service utilization profiles and estimates of per-unit costs of the inpatient, day hospital, and outpatient services provided by the CMHC.On average, the day hospital/crisis respite program cost less than inpatient hospitalization. The average saving per patient was +7,100, or roughly 20% of the total direct costs. There were no significant differences between programs in service utilization or costs during the follow-up phase. Cost savings accrued in the index episode because per-unit costs were lower for day hospital/crisis respite and the average stay was shorter. Significant differences in cost were found among patient groups with psychosis, affective disorders, and dual diagnoses; psychotic patients had the highest costs in both programs. The two programs had roughly equal direct service staff and capital costs but significantly different operating costs (day hospital/crisis respite operating costs were 51% of inpatient hospital costs).The programs were equally effective, but day hospital/crisis respite treatment was less expensive for some patients. Potential cost savings are higher for nonpsychotic patients. Cost differences between the programs are driven by the hospital's relatively higher overhead costs. The roughly equal expenditures for direct service staff costs in the two programs may be an important clue for understanding why these programs provided equally effective acute care.