Abstract PO2-18-08: Identification of novel genetic/therapeutic vulnerabilities in breast cancer
Authors: Xiyin Wang, Michael Emch, Lauren Voll, Rebecca Russell, Esther Rodman, Philip Beer, John Hawse
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype that is defined by the lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the absence of HER2 amplification or overexpression. TNBC represents 15-20% of all breast cancers and occurs more frequently in young premenopausal women. TNBC often ends with a poor clinical outcome due to high histological grade, rapid recurrence in many patients combined with few treatment options. These realities highlight the urgent need to identify novel therapeutics vulnerabilities that can be leveraged to improve TNBC patient outcomes. Methods: We utilized the publicly available DepMap and Kaplan Meier datasets to identify essential genes that were unique to TNBC cells and whose expression levels were associated with worse patient outcomes. siRNA based approaches were used to confirm the relevance of top hits in mediating cancer cell phenotypes including viability, cell-cycle profiles and induction of apoptosis among others. A novel drug currently being developed was identified for the top hit in these studies and was subsequently employed in multiple in vitro approaches to characterize the mechanisms of action in TNBC as well as initial efficacy studies using clinically relevant ex vivo patient derived models. Results: Using the DepMap database, we interrogated genome-wide sgRNA knockout screens conducted in over 40 breast cancer cell lines to identify specific genes whose expression was required for cell viability in TNBC cells, but not other breast cancer cell lines. This endeavor identified 6 genes (CTPS1, HUS1, PRKRA, RAD1, RAD9A and RHOA) that were preferentially essential in TNBC cells. Further profiling of these genes revealed that CTPS1 expression is higher in cancer relative to normal tissue and that its expression is further upregulated in chemotherapy- and PARPi-resistant models. Knockdown of CTPS1 in TNBC cells was shown to decrease cell proliferation and viability with no effects observed in estrogen receptor+ cell lines. Using a first-in-class, highly selective and orally bioavailable CTPS1 inhibitor (STP938) developed by Step-Pharma, we identified IC50s in the low nM range for many TNBC cell lines, including cell models that are resistant to existing standard-of-care therapies. Inhibition of CTPS1 was shown to arrest cells in S phase. Conclusions: Our studies have identified CTPS1 as an essential gene in TNBC. CTPS1 encodes an enzyme responsible for the catalytic conversion of UTP (uridine triphosphate) to CTP (cytidine triphosphate), an essential step in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. These findings are timely in light of the recent and ongoing development of the first-in-class CTPS1 inhibitor, STP938, for which first-in-human studies are underway for refractory B- and T-cell lymphomas. Based on our initial studies using this drug, we provide pre-clinical evidence of its efficacy in multiple models of primary and advanced TNBC. Efforts are currently underway to move this work toward a clinical trial for TNBC patients. Citation Format: Xiyin Wang, Michael Emch, Lauren Voll, Rebecca Russell, Esther Rodman, Philip Beer, John Hawse. Identification of novel genetic/therapeutic vulnerabilities in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO2-18-08.