tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of magnification endoscopy with acetic acid enhancement and narrow-band imaging in gastric mucosal neoplasms
Authors: Kotaro Shibagaki, Yuji Amano, Norihisa Ishimura, Hideaki Taniguchi, Hiraku Fujita, Seiji Adachi, Eichi Kakehi, Ryosuke Fujita, Keita Kobayashi, Yoshikazu Kinoshita
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBIME) and NBIME with acetic acid enhancement (A-NBIME) visualize the capillary and microstructure patterns of the gastric mucosal surface, respectively. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement for white-light endoscopy (WLE), NBIME, and A-NBIME in the different histologic types of gastric mucosal neoplasm.Consecutive gastric neoplasms (n = 220; 49 adenomas, 144 differentiated adenocarcinomas, and 27 undifferentiated adenocarcinomas) were photographed with WLE, NBIME, and A-NBIME. Macroscopic patterns using WLE, capillary patterns using NBIME, and microstructure patterns using A-NBIME were respectively classified into type M1/M2/M3, type C1/C2/C3/C4, and type S1/S2/S3, as the indicators of adenoma, differentiated adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma (Type C4, unevaluable because of capillary invisibility), according to the previously reported classifications. Endoscopic images were independently reviewed by three experts and three non-experts. Diagnostic accuracy and interobserver diagnostic agreement were compared among the modalities.Kappa values (95 % confidence interval [CI]) for WLE, NBIME, and A-NBIME diagnosis were 0.36 (0.33 - 0.39), 0.58 (0.54 - 0.61), and 0.62 (0.55 - 0.68) for experts and 0.31 (0.29 - 0.33), 0.36 (0.34 - 0.38), and 0.52 (0.48 - 0.56) for non-experts, showing good reproducibility of A-NBIME diagnosis regardless of proficiency. All experts and non-experts diagnosed the histologic types statistically more accurately with A-NBIME than with WLE and NBIME (P < 0.05). Overall the "experts-agreed" diagnostic accuracy (95 %CI) was 75.5 % (70.0 - 81.0) for WLE vs. 74.1 % (67.6 - 80.6) for NBIME vs. 90.5 % (86.7 - 94.1) for A-NBIME (P < 0.05). WLE and NBIME were insufficient to predict the diagnosis of adenomas and undifferentiated adenocarcinomas.A-NBIME showed statistically significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for gastric mucosal neoplasms, with good reproducibility, compared with WLE and NBIME, which provided similar lower accuracy.
Abstract 3033: Are There Gender Differences in Cardioprotection? Influence of Aging and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS)
Authors: Fuchun Yang, M. A. Hassan Talukder, Jay L Zweier
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Gender differences in incidence and outcome of myocardial infarction (MI) have been reported but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The risk and prevalence of acute MI increase progressively with age and levels in females approach those in males after the fifth decade of life. Interestingly, estrogen-induced increase in the eNOS-NO signaling pathway has been reported to play an important role in cardioprotection in females. While ischemic preconditioning (IPC) provides robust endogenous cardioprotection with reduced myocardial infarction, there is no consensus as to whether the effects of IPC are maintained in the aging heart, and if there are differences with gender or in the role of eNOS-NO signaling in conferring protection. Therefore, we performed IPC in wild-type (WT) and eNOS-knockout (eNOS-KO) mice to evaluate whether the infarct limiting effect of IPC depends on gender, age (8 –12 weeks vs. 12–18 months), and eNOS. Classical IPC was induced by 3-cycles of 5-min regional coronary ischemia separated by 5-min reperfusion, and was followed by 30-min index ischemia and 24-hr reperfusion. Control ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) had 30-min I followed by 24-hr R. Protection was evaluated by measuring infarct size as % area at risk (Table). We observe that aging increased myocardial infarct size in WT and eNOS-KO mice of both genders following I/R, but female WT mice exhibited significantly smaller infarction compared to male WT mice at both ages. This gender associated protection was lost with eNOS-KO. While, the infarct reducing effect of IPC was well maintained in young and aged female WT mice, it was reduced in aged male WT mice. Importantly, regardless of gender and age, the protective effects of IPC were absent in eNOS-KO mice. Thus, eNOS is required for the gender associated protection against I/R seen in females and is required for the induction of IPC in both male and female mice.
The microenvironment of the aged rat liver is clonogenic to normal transplanted hepatocytes.
Authors: Daniela Pasciu, Silvia Doratiotto, Marianna Greco, Stefania Montisci, Sabrina Pitzalis, Sergio Laconi, Ezio Laconi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5142   It has been proposed that aging increases the development of cancer via modifications in tissue microenvironment. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. In this study we compared the microenvironments of young and aged rat liver in their ability to support the clonal growth of transplanted normal hepatocytes. Young (3 months) and aged (18 months old) Fischer 344 rats were infused (via portal vein) with 2x10 6  hepatocytes isolated from a normal syngenic adult donor. Animals deficient in dipeptidyl-peptidase type IV (DPP-IV − ) enzyme were used as recipients, allowing for the histochemical detection of injected, DPP-IV +  cells. Groups of animals were sacrificed 2 weeks, 3 and 6 months thereafter. Isolated DPP-IV +  hepatocytes were integrated in the liver of both young and old rats killed at 2 weeks, with no intergroup differences. A significant expansion of donor-derived cells was observed in the liver of rats transplanted at old age: clusters comprising up to 20 DPP-IV +  hepatocytes/cross section were present after 3 months and were further enlarged after 6 months (up to 120 cells/cluster/cross section). In striking contrast, no growth of DPP-IV +  transplanted hepatocytes was present after either 3 or 6 months in the liver of rats transplanted at 3 months of age. These results indicate that the microenvironment of the aged liver supports the clonal expansion of transplanted normal hepatocytes. Such clonogenic potential could be exploited in the field of regenerative medicine. On the other hand, it may also contribute to the selective growth of altered cells during cancer development associated with aging. This work was supported in part by ROTRF grant 820172684 to E.L and by Italian Health Ministry.
Cholesterol lowering diets and coronary heart disease
Authors: M F Oliver, S. Conway
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Protecting children from armed conflictChildren affected by war must not be stigmatised as permanently damagedEditor-Southall and Abbasi quote Unicef when they state that the psychological consequences of armed conflict on children are so great that they can rarely be repaired. 1Unicef indeed says that "time does not heal trauma," but there is no sound empirical basis for a generalisation that risks stigmatising whole populations of children affected by war as sick or permanently damaged.Even child survivors of Auschwitz did not turn out like this as a general rule, and there are no published studies of children from non-Western war zones to support such a conlusion.Unicef and other agencies need to review such claims and costly interventions based on them; the claims owe more to prevailing sociocultural assumptions in the West than anything else.Over the past 50 years psychological explanations for life events and the medicalisation of distress have grown hugely.Because many people believe, for example, that rape or other criminal violence, childhood abuse, or even persistent bullying at school is an experience that may have lifelong psychological effects it seems unthinkable that war and atrocity should not do this to almost everyone exposed to them.Constructions of "trauma" deployed in the health field are increasingly expansive and undiscriminating. 2 No one wants to play down what children may suffer, or that war may produce clear psychological dysfunction in some (a minority).But it is not to their mental worlds but to their social worlds that survivors direct their attention, and humanitarian agencies should follow suit.The literature of both anthropology and mental health (in the case of mental health, starting with a classic study by Freud and Burlingham 3 ) shows the positive impact of family and community in buffering the short and longer term effects of war.The concept of child trauma is currently fashionable.But it is the social, cultural, and economic rebuilding of worlds shattered by war (including valued institutions such as schools), allied to urgent issues of equity and justice, which will determine the future wellbeing of several million child survivors worldwide. 4For those for whom this does not happen war may indeed mean a life sentence, but this is not trauma.
Screening for tuberculosis.
Authors: J-P Van Vooren, K Schepers
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The picture given by these combined rates is that mortality rose steeply among men, particularly among younger men, for whom the 1973 rates were about 80% higher than in 1950.Among older men the rise was about 30%.Among women, however, the trends were very different: mortality actually fell until the mid-1950s and rose thereafter only in the younger age groups.In fact over the whole 24 years studied there was no net increase in the death rate from heart disease among women.This surprising result emphasises the importance of a critical approach to all mortality statistics on ischaemic heart disease.
An Innovative Strategy for the Fabrication of Functional Cell Sheets Using an Electroactive Conducting Polymer
Authors: HyungJae Lee, Youngnam Cho
Journal: Theranostics (2015)

Here, we report the development of an electric field-assisted methodology for constructing 3D C2C12 cell sheets with the potential for cell surface modification.In this method, a conducting polymer, polypyrrole (Ppy), is electrodeposited via biotin doping, and then chemical conjugation of biotinylated bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) is achieved using a biotin-streptavidin cross-linker.Subsequently, C2C12 cells are cultured on BMP2-immobilized Ppy surfaces to induce interactions between cell surface receptors and bound BMP2 ligands.Following these procedures, layers of BMP2-immobilized cells can be easily detached from the Ppy surface by applying an electrical potential.This novel method results in high affinity, ligand-bound cell sheets, which exhibit homogeneous coverage with membrane-bound proteins and signal activation that occurs via maximal receptor accessibility.Using this strategy to engineer the cell surface with desirable ligands results in structures that mimic in vivo tissues; thus, the method reported here has potential applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Abstract 11080: Relation of Changes in Coronary Artery Calcium, Bone Mineral Density Measured Computed Tomography and Aged Garlic Extract
Authors: Naser Ahmadi, Hussein Zughaib, Nichole Patel, Avinash Rathod, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, Ferdinand Flores, Ramin Ebrahimi, Song Mao, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: We recently reported that lower levels of bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with the severity of subclinical atherosclerosis measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC). The curren...
Montmorillonite/Poly (L-Lactide) microcomposite spheres as reservoirs of antidepressant drugs and their controlled release property
Authors: Shalini Rajkumar, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya, Hari C. Bajaj
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

This work evaluates intercalation of Nortriptyline (NT) and Venlafaxine (VFX) in an interlayer gallery of Na+-MMT (Montmorillonite), which was further compounded with Poly (L-Lactide) (PLLA) to form microcomposite spheres (MPs) for oral controlled drug delivery. The XRD patterns, thermal and spectroscopic analyses indicated intercalation of drugs into the MMT interlayer that was stabilized by electrostatic interaction. No significant changes in structural and functional properties of drugs were found in the MMT layers. In vitro drug release studies showed controlled release pattern.
Use of genomic grade index to improve tumor grading of invasive lobular breast carcinoma.
Authors: D. Fumagalli, O. Metzger, I. Veys, A. Catteau, S. Michiels, H. Sandy, R. Salgado, S. K. Singhal, K. V. Saini, C. Galant, N. Galland, F. Bertucci, H. P. Peyro Saint Paul, M. J. Piccart-Gebhart, C. Sotiriou, D. Larsimont
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

535 Background: The utility of histological grade (HG) in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) remains controversial as one of the 3 Elston-Ellis components (tubule formation) is not present. Pleomorphic ILC (PILC) is a subtype of ILC characterized by an aggressive clinical behaviour. Genomic grade index (GGI) is a 97-gene signature which improves the accuracy and prognostic value of HG in invasive ductal carcinoma. It is particularly useful in segregating HG2 tumors into low and high genomic grade (GG1 and GG3). In the current study we evaluated the ability of GGI to grade ILC, and hypothesized that GGI would have prognostic value in ILC. Methods: A consecutive series of tumors diagnosed at Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels between 1995 and 2005 as early stage ILC was selected. Gene expression data were generated from frozen tumor samples using Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 arrays. GGI was calculated using the Ipsogen MapQuant Dx protocol, which defines tumors as GG1 or GG3; non classified cases are reported as UD (Undetermined). Invasive disease free survival (IDFS) was defined as the interval between the date of breast surgery and the date of any invasive recurrence or death. Results: Gene expression profiles and clinicopathological information were obtained for 118 ILC cases (103 classic ILC and 15 PILC). In the subset of classic ILC, the HG1, HG2 and HG3 frequencies were 17% (n=18) , 81% (n=83) and 2% (n=2). GGI classified 89% of HG1 tumors as GG1 (n=16) and 11% as GG3 (n=2). 71% of the 83 HG2 tumors were reclassified as GG1 (n=59), 13% as GG3 (n=11) and 16% as UD (n=13). In total 72% of pts were GG1 (n=75), 14% UD (n=14) and 14% of GG3 (n=14). In the subset of PILC (n=15), 13 tumors were classified as HG2 (87%) and 2 tumors as HG3 (13%). GGI reclassified the HG2 tumors into 38.5% GG1 (n=5), 23% GG3 (n=3) and 38.5% UD (n=5). In the subset of N0 patients (n=57) GGI was a prognostic factor for IDFS (GG1 vs GG3; HR = 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.95; p = 0.03). Conclusions: GGI reclassified 83% of ILC tumors into low or high grade. In the HG2 subgroup, 81% of tumors were reclassified. We demonstrate for the first time the prognostic value of genomic grade in node-negative ILC. Results from the extension phase of our study with samples from additional centers will be presented at the meeting.
Abstract 8446: Human Fetal Cardiac Ejection Fraction in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy Assessed by Matrix 3D/4D Echocardiography
Authors: Minjuan Zhang, Michael Schaal, Xiaokui Li, Muhammad Ashraf, David J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Diabetic pregnancy carries higher risk of fetal development abnormality compared to normal pregnancy. Therefore, fetal growth should be monitored during diabetic pregnancy. We used a 4D matrix method to evaluate whether maternal diabetes could affect fetal heart function. Methods: 24 women 18.0-33.1 weeks gestational age (mean 23.6 ± 4.5 weeks) were included: 12 insulin-dependent diabetic pregnant patients and 12 healthy pregnant women with the same gestational ages. A Philips iE33 ultrasound system with an X7-2 matrix array transducer was used. 4D volumes were acquired from the fetuses with an external heart rate simulator. 4D data was analyzed by QLab 6.2 software (Philips). End-systolic and end-diastolic volumes of left and right ventricles (LV, RV) and ejection fraction (EF) derived for each individual were calculated semi-automatically, and maternal blood HbA1C were recorded. Results: Blood HbA1C levels of the diabetic group were 6.99±1.10%, which was higher than the normal level (5.0%). LV EF of the fetuses with diabetic mothers ranged from 52.4% to 85.9% (mean 70.2 ± 11.2%), and 52.3% to 83.3% (mean 71.5 ± 10.5%) for the control group. No significant difference was shown between LV EFs (P = 0.4029). However, RV EF was 55.3% to 85.1% (mean 66.8 ± 9.9%) in the diabetic group, compared to 64.9% to 87.1%(mean 77.2 ± 7.3%) for the control group (P = 0.0108). Conclusions: LV EF of human fetuses of diabetic mothers was normal, but RV EF of the diabetic pregnancy group was lower.
Abstract 13908: SHP2 Plays an Essential Role for Gp130-dependent Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through Negative Regulation of Skeletal Apha-actin Gene
Authors: Yoshikazu Nakaoka, Wataru Shioyama, Yoh Arita, Kaori Higuchi, Takahiro Hashimoto, Yasushi Fujio, Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara, Naoki Mochizuki, Issei Komuro
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Rituximab-mediated ADCC is augmented by concomitant interference with inhibitory self-recognition by human NK cells
Authors: Liat Binyamin, A. Katherine Alpaugh, Hossein Borghaei, Kerry S. Campbell, Louis M. Weiner
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

635 

The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab, is widely used in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. However, clinical responses to rituximab are variable. It has been demonstrated that rituximab can lead to tumor cell death by engaging the cellular immune system through antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cells have been shown to play a critical rule in eliminating rituximab coated B-cells, and the efficiency of killing depends on the interaction between the Fc portion of rituximab and the FcγRIII (CD16) activating receptor on NK cells. NK cell function is regulated by a complex balance of inhibitory and activating signals that enable the cells to survey their surrounding and selectively target and kill targets that do not display a “self“ MHC class I ligand (the “missing self hypothesis“). We hypothesized that interference with inhibitory self-recognition would augment rituximab-induced NK cell-mediated ADCC. Initial studies with the B51 (HLA-B*51 positive, a Bw4 family member) CD20+ cell line and a NK cell line showed that interference with KIR3DL1 recognition of Bw4 augmented tumor lysis in the presence of rituximab. To further test this hypothesis we employed human NK cells and autologous EBV transformed B cells from normal volunteers, and blocked the KIR3DL1 inhibitory receptor on NK cells using (Fab’)2 fragments of the DX9 antibody, in conjunction with rituximab exposure. Inhibitory blockade promoted rituximab-mediated cytotoxicity by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in three separate HLABw4+, KIR3DL1+ volunteers. These results suggest that manipulating the balance between inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells might be applied to improve ADCC and ultimately lead to an improvement in response rates to rituximab and related lymphoma-directed antibodies that mediate ADCC. Supported by R01CA50633.
The Addition Of Bortezomib (Velcade®) To The Combination Of Mitoxantrone and Etoposide For Relapsed Or Refractory Acute Leukemia Does Not Appear To Improve The Likelihood Of Response: Results Of a Phase II Trial
Authors: Neil D. Palmisiano, Sameh Gaballa, Bijoyesh Mookerjee, John L. Wagner, Margaret Kasner, Matthew Carabasi, Onder Alpdogan, Ubaldo Martinez, Mark Weiss, Neal Flomenberg, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara
Journal: Blood (2013)
Benign nodules mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma on gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI
Authors: Kyoung Doo Song, Woo Kyoung Jeong
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Although diagnostic accuracy of imaging techniques for HCC has been improved through recent advances in MR techniques and new hepatocyte-specific contrast agents, misdiagnosis is encountered not uncommonly in real clinical practice. To reduce the rate of misdiagnosis, doctors should be familiar with the clinical manifestation and the imaging findings of false positive and false negative cases. We here report three cases with benign hepatic nodules mimicking HCC: bile duct adenoma, angiomyolipoma and pseudolymphoma.
The Evolution of the Modern Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Charles L. Minor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1928)

Article1 June 1928The Evolution of the Modern Treatment of Pulmonary TuberculosisCHARLES L. MINORCHARLES L. MINORSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-1-12-996 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the treatment of disease there is always occurring an ebb and flow in the tide of medical opinion and out of this is finally evolved the accepted standard of practice.I would ask your attention today to a resume of this evolution insofar as it affects the treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Much of the therapeutic teaching of any period is discarded in thirty or forty years as not standing the test of experience or not having a reliable scientific foundation and much of our present day treatment we may be sure will go on the scrap heap in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Asheville, N. C.*Presented before the American College of Physicians, March 6, 1928, New Orleans, La. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1928Volume 1, Issue 12Page: 996-1003KeywordsPulmonary diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1928 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lesson of the Week: Seabather's eruption--a case of Caribbean itch
Authors: R. M MacSween, H. C Williams
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Seabather's eruption is an intensely pruritic dermatitis that occurs after exposure to seawater and affects the areas of the body covered by swimwear. It has probably existed for centuries, but formal reports of it are relatively recent.1 With the increasing popularity of foreign travel, seabather's eruption is likely to be seen more often in patients returning from tropical climes. Larvae of species belonging to the phylum Cnidaria—which comprises jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, and hydra—have been implicated as the cause of this condition.2 3 4 The members of this phylum share a similar stinging mechanism, which is mediated by subcellular organelles called nematocysts. We report two recent cases of seabather's eruption caused by the larvae of thimble jellyfish (Linuche unguiculata).

Seabather's eruption should be suspected if there is a history of exposure to seawater followed by the appearance of a papular, pruritic rash affecting the areas covered by the swimsuit

In May a 31 year old accountant and her husband travelled to Cancun, on the Caribbean coast of Mexico, for their honeymoon. On the last day of the trip they took a final swim in the ocean, and within minutes of entering the water they became aware of a …
Angiotropic B cell lymphoma
Authors: 俊一 松本, 美勝 杉戸, 大吾 月岡, 高宏 山岸, 伸幸 田中, 広海 江熊, 純一 松本, 清光 安原, 聡 大木, 民幸 大林, 奉道 荒井
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)