tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Opioid and Stimulant Co-Involved Overdose Deaths by Occupation and Industry — United States, 2022
Authors: Eric W. Lundstrom, Alexandria Macmadu, Andrea L. Steege, Matthew Groenewold
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

The proportion of synthetic opioid overdose deaths co-involving stimulants has increased in the United States in recent years. Although persons who use opioids have reported increasing stimulant co-use to maintain workplace productivity and alertness, occupational patterns of co-involvement in fatal overdose have not been systematically investigated. In an exploratory study, data on overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids (e.g., fentanyl) from the 2022 National Vital Statistics System were analyzed to characterize patterns of stimulant co-involvement among U.S. residents aged 15-64 years, stratified by decedents' usual occupation and industry. Of 69,893 fatal synthetic opioid overdoses, 53.6% involved stimulants. Occupation and industry groups with the highest percentages of synthetic opioid overdose deaths co-involving psychostimulants with abuse potential (psychostimulants) were typically physically demanding (e.g., construction and extraction occupations), whereas categories with highest percentages of cocaine co-involvement were generally less physically strenuous (e.g., business and financial occupations); these patterns might reflect differences in desired drug effects, cost, and geographic availability. Work-related interventions might be useful in preventing the development of substance use disorder by decreasing rates of occupational injuries and workplace stress, connecting workers with substance use disorder to treatment resources, and reducing fatal overdose through harm reduction.
Newly Reported Chronic Hepatitis C Among Adults — Alaska, 2016–2023
Authors: Heather M. Scobie, Jamie Allison, Nicholas Masters, Morrow Toomey, Ian Blake, Janet M. Johnston, Eyasu Teshale, Robert Lawrence, Elizabeth Ohlsen, Dana Bruden, Marc Fischer, Joe McLaughlin
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2025)

Hepatitis C virus is a leading cause of chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death and is targeted for global elimination as a public health threat by 2030. Universal screening is recommended for all adults aged ≥18 years and pregnant women during each pregnancy; periodic risk-based screening also is recommended. Persons with current infection should be linked to antiviral treatment, which usually results in a virologic cure within 8-12 weeks. To assess progress toward elimination, epidemiologic trends in newly reported chronic hepatitis C cases were assessed among adult Alaska residents during 2016-2023. Overall, 5,352 confirmed chronic hepatitis C cases were newly reported among adults aged ≥18 years. The average annual rate (cases per 100,000 population) was 121 and decreased a relative 30% from 142 during 2016-2019 to 99 during 2020-2023. Statistically significant decreases occurred for most groups. Groups with higher average rates included males, adults aged 18-39 years, residents of rural areas, and American Indian or Alaska Native persons. Hepatitis C surveillance can help monitor trends in health outcomes and identify groups needing tailored testing and treatment interventions toward hepatitis C elimination.
Systemic therapy plus HAIC versus systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Donghai Lu, Han Li, Pengfei Sun, Jincheng Tian, Kefan Jiao, Qihang Cao, Yuxuan Wang, Jisen Jia, Qiao He, Shengxuan Peng, Daolin Zhang, Zhaoru Dong, Dongxu Wang, Tao Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) exhibits synergistic anticancer effects with systemic therapy in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The approach combining systemic therapy and HAIC is likely to establish a new survival benchmark for advanced HCC. However, related evidence is still lacking. Method PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from January 1990 to July 2024. The extracted data were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) or risk ratios (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, prognostic factor analysis, correlation analysis, as well as trial sequential analysis were further conducted. Result Seventeen trials involving 3070 participants were included. Patients receiving HAIC combined systemic therapy displayed superior overall survival (OS) (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.48–0.58), progression-free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.46–0.63), objective response rate (ORR) (RR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.77–2.72) and disease control rate (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.14–1.29) over systemic therapy. Combining HAIC resulted in higher incidences of grade ≥3 manageable adverse events. Subgroup analyses showed that HAIC could bring significant survival improvement for almost all specific populations; however, patients without portal vein tumor thrombosis might not benefit from it (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.53–1.03). Prognostic factor analyses found extra HAIC was a protective factor for both OS (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.34–0.51) and PFS (HR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.36–0.53). Correlation analyses demonstrated a robust association between ORR and OS when applying systemic therapy with HAIC ( P -value = 0.031). In addition, trial sequential analyses visually showed the present data were compelling to draw reliable conclusions. Conclusion With manageable toxicity, integrating HAIC with systemic therapy could bring favorable survival benefits for HCC patients. Further evidence is necessary to standardize the integration of HAIC with first-line systemic therapy.
Deep immune cell profiling in blood and bone marrow of early stage monoclonal gammopathy: an iStopMM and ECRIN-M3 collaborative study
Authors: Oihane Pérez-Escurza, Juan Flores-Montero, Jón Þórir Óskarsson, Luzalba Sanoja-Flores, Julio Pozo, Quentin Lécrevisse, Silvia Martín, Elín Ruth Reed, Guðlaug Katrín Hákonardóttir, Stephen Harding, Sigrún Þorsteinsdóttir, Sæmundur Rögnvaldsson, Thorvardur Jon Love, Brian Durie, Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson, Alberto Orfao
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2025)
Endoscopic resection after downstaging of oesophageal carcinoma by neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: – a new multimodal concept?
Authors: Mingyan Cai, Baohui Song, Dongli He, Chen Xu, Rongkui Luo, Yang Qian, Sikei Kam, Xucheng Huo, Jian Wang, Michael Vieth, Yunshi Zhong
Journal: Gut (2025)
Immunogenicity of Adjuvanted Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine after Earlier mRNA Vaccine Doses
Authors: Jeffrey M Adelglass, Paul Bradley, Miranda R Cai, Gordon Chau, Raj Kalkeri, Shane Cloney-Clark, Mingzhu Zhu, Zhaohui Cai, Mark Eickhoff, Joyce S Plested, Raburn M Mallory, Lisa M Dunkle
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)

To support heterologous vaccine regimens, periodic SARS-CoV-2 revaccination requires immunogenicity and safety data for adjuvanted protein-based vaccines following prior mRNA doses. To assess noninferiority of neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers following a second dose vs a first dose (in a prior study) of a SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) administered following a primary series (two or three doses) of an mRNA vaccine. This phase 3, open-label study (2019nCoV-312/NCT05875701) enrolled participants who had received one dose of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 protein-based vaccine in an earlier study (2019nCoV-307/NCT05463068) after a primary series (two or three doses) doses of a commercial mRNA vaccine. In the current study, participants received an additional dose of protein vaccine (ancestral [n=104] or Omicron BA.5 [n=40]) at least 180 days after their previous study dose. A total of 144 participants were enrolled. The ratio of anti-Wuhan nAbs (GMT, IU/mL [95% CI]) at Day 28 after this study dose (ancestral 393.2 [318.0-468.2]) versus previous study dose (396.6 [328.7-478.6]) was 1.0 (0.8-1.2), meeting noninferiority. The seroresponse rate difference between doses was 7.4% (95% CI = -1.2%-16.5%), also meeting noninferiority. Omicron BA.5 nAb titers suggest cross-protection against emerging variants. The anti-Wuhan nAb ratio at Day 28 between Omicron BA.5 vaccine dose in this study (835.0 [597.1-1167.6]) versus the ancestral vaccine in the previous study (436.0 [305.6-622.2]) was 1.9 (1.5-2.5), exceeding superiority criterion. Local and systemic reactions were similar between doses and strains in both studies. A heterologous regimen of two adjuvanted, recombinant spike protein vaccine doses following multiple mRNA vaccine doses produced robust immune responses, exhibiting cross-reactivity to some newer variants.
Biomarker-driven drug development for Allergic Diseases and Asthma—An FDA public workshop
Authors: Ronald L Rabin, Matthew C Altman, S Hasan Arshad, Richard D Beger, Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Elena Goleva, Robert G Hamilton, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Mohamed H Shamji, Hugh A Sampson, Alexandra F Santos, Wayne G Shreffler, Alkis Togias, Stefan Vieths, Erik Wambre, Sally E Wenzel, Kathleen Hise, Joohee Lee, Anubha Tripathi, Jay E Slater
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2025)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) hosted a workshop on February 22, 2024, to discuss the status of biomarkers in drug development for allergic asthma and food allergy. The workshop provided a forum for open discussion among regulators, academicians, NIH staff and industry to inform stakeholders of the requirements for the FDA to adopt a biomarker as a surrogate endpoint for a clinical trial, and to inform FDA of the status of various biomarkers in development. The workshop was divided into three sessions: 1) FDA and EU regulators discussing regulatory perspectives on use of biomarkers in drug development programs; 2) investigators discussing biomarkers for pediatric and adult asthma; and 3) investigators discussing biomarkers for food allergy. In this report, we review the information presented at the workshop and summarize the current status of potential biomarkers for these allergic diseases.
Recent advances in therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Po-Lan Su, Naoki Furuya, Alahmadi Asrar, Christian Rolfo, Zihai Li, David P. Carbone, Kai He
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2025)

The development of targeted therapy with small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy with immune checkpoints inhibitors has ushered in the era of precision medicine in treating lung cancer, which remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Both targeted therapy and immunotherapy have significantly improved the survival of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Additionally, recent groundbreaking studies have demonstrated their efficacy in both the perioperative setting and following concurrent chemoradiotherapy in early-stage NSCLC. Despite significant advancements in first-line treatment options, disease progression remains inevitable for most patients with advanced NSCLC, necessitating the exploration and optimization of subsequent therapeutic strategies. Emerging novel agents are expanding treatment options in the first-line setting and beyond. Recently, emerging bispecific antibodies have shown enhanced efficacy. For instance, amivantamab has been approved as a treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC, including those with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. Additionally, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), including HER2-targeting trastuzumab deruxtecan, TROP2-targeting ADCs, HER3-targeting patritumab deruxtecan, and MET-targeting telisotuzumab vedotin, have demonstrated promising outcomes in several clinical trials. This review summarizes the recent advancements and challenges associated with the evolving NSCLC therapeutic landscape.
Discovery of a potent allosteric activator of DGKQ that ameliorates obesity-induced insulin resistance via the sn-1,2-DAG-PKCε signaling axis
Authors: Zu-Guo Zheng, Yin-Yue Xu, Wen-Ping Liu, Yang Zhang, Chong Zhang, Han-Ling Liu, Xiao-Yu Zhang, Run-Zhou Liu, Yi-Ping Zhang, Meng-Ying Shi, Hua Yang, Ping Li
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2025)
Clinical efficacy and chemoresistance analysis of precision neoadjuvant chemotherapy for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a prospective, single-arm pilot study
Authors: Yonggang He, Yinan Zhu, Weiwei Wang, Yuanyue Yi, Zheng Wang, Chongyu Zhao, Jing Li, Xiaobing Huang, Lu Zheng
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) can improve the survival outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer, but for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC) the proportion of conversion to surgery remains unsatisfactory. This single-arm pilot study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of NAC based on patient-derived organoids (PDOs) for BRPC. Biopsy samples from BRPC patients were collected for generating PDOs. Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) as NAC was initially administrated for one cycle, and then the treatment regimen was adjusted based on the PDO drug sensitivity testing. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included R0 resection rate, NAC-related adverse events (AEs) and postoperative complications. Exploratory objectives were to assess the chemoresistance to gemcitabine. Totally 19 of 25 patients were eligible for the study, among whom 16 achieved partial response and received surgical resection, with the ORR of 84.2% (16/19). The R0 resection rate was 81.3% (13/16). During NAC, 8 (42.1%, 8/19) patients experienced different grades of AEs, mainly including grade 2 myelosuppression (26.3%), cutaneous pruritus (5.3%), and diarrhea (5.3%). scRNA-seq analysis of duct cells showed that the transcriptome in aneuploid cells may affect gemcitabine resistance via multiple pathways, among which up-regulation of drug-resistant genes (OLFM4, AGR2, MUC5AC, MUC1, HMGA1, REG4, IL17RB, GCNT3, AKR1B10, ITGA6, HMGCS2, and SQLE) and down-regulation of sensitive genes (SIK1, HEXIM1, SPINT2, GADD45 and TIMP2) played crucial roles. Changes in the interactions between cancer cells and other cell groups may also involve in gemcitabine resistance. PDO-based NAC shows a promising resectable rate in BRPC patients, with good tolerance. Potential drug-resistant and sensitive genes and cell-cell interaction changes may participate in the development of gemcitabine resistance.
Comparison of analgesic modalities after cesarean section: a network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yimeng Jing, Shishun Zhao, Wenlai Guo, Lu Qin, Yaxin Li, Di You
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: Cesarean section is one of the most common surgical procedures. Currently, there are many analgesic methods available after cesarean section, but the optimal analgesic method after cesarean section is not clear. Methods: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was used to search Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Outcomes included time to first postoperative request for analgesia, postoperative medication-supplemented analgesia, pain scores at four postoperative time points, postoperative complications (nausea and vomiting, itching, and level of sedation), and patient satisfaction. Result: A total of 110 randomized controlled trials involving 8871 pregnant women were finally included. A total of 17 postoperative analgesic techniques for cesarean delivery were included. Compared with the control group, all modalities except wound infiltration prolonged the time to the first request for analgesia. Transversal abdominal block-type and lumbar quadratus block-type analgesia were effective in decreasing the need for opioids in postoperative patients. Wound infiltration and transverse fascial block decreased the need for nonopioid medications in postoperative patients. The traditional analgesic modalities of intrathecal morphine (IM) and epidural morphine have the best analgesic effect, and the analgesic effect of the type of transversal abdominal block and the type of lumbar square muscle block in local anesthesia is better than that of other local anesthesia modalities. The lateral transversus abdominis block and posterior and anterior lumbar square muscle block can effectively reduce postoperative complications with the best effect. In terms of patient satisfaction, IM with conventional Petit transverse abdominal block was the best. Conclusions: Regional nerve block is a safe and effective postoperative analgesic modality; QLB III, which is used to use opioids as postoperative supplemental analgesia, is the safest and most effective analgesic modality, and those who are used to use non-opioids as postoperative supplemental analgesia can choose transversus fasciae block as a postoperative analgesic modality.
ESWT is able to change macromorphological and micromorphological parameters in patellar tendinopathy: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jakub Katolický, Petra Poklopová, Gregory Bashford, Tereza Katolická, Kryštof Voleský, Stanislav Machač, Tomáš Nedělka
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: This study aimed to assess the mid-term effects of focused extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on clinical symptoms and tendon structure in patellar tendinopathy. Ultrasound (US) evaluation and an innovative in vivo analysis of intra-tendinous morphology using validated spatial frequency analysis (SFA) software were employed to quantify the organization and density of collagen fascicles. Methods: This prospective cohort study included 21 recreational athletes (mean age 29.9 ± 9.3 years) with chronic unilateral symptomatic patellar tendinopathy. ESWT was applied as monotherapy over four weekly sessions. Pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and disease severity with the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment – Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire. Morphological parameters, such as tendon diameter (TD), were assessed with US and analyzed using SFA software. The asymptomatic tendons served as controls. Follow-up assessments were conducted at the end of the treatment period and 3 months posttreatment. Results: Baseline evaluations revealed increased TD in proximal part of the tendon ( P = 0.001) and decreased organization of collagen fascicles ( P = 0.013) in symptomatic tendons compared to asymptomatic controls. At the 3-month follow-up, symptomatic tendons showed significant reductions in TD ( P &lt; 0.001) and improvements in both organization and density of collagen fascicles throughout various parameters – PSFR ( P = 0.024), P6 ( P = 0.05), Q6 ( P = 0.016), PPP ( P = 0.003). No significant morphological changes were observed in asymptomatic tendons. Clinical evaluations demonstrated significant reductions in NRS ( P &lt; 0.001) and increases in VISA-P scores ( P &lt; 0.001) at all time points. Conclusion: The study suggests that ESWT may have the potential to induce positive structural changes in patellar tendinopathy, including improved organization and density of collagen fascicles. These findings indicate that ESWT could be a promising noninvasive approach to managing patellar tendinopathy, with observed improvements in clinical symptoms and tendon structure. However, further high-quality research is needed to confirm these results and establish their long-term efficacy.
Long-term efficacy and progression patterns of paclitaxel plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil induction chemotherapy for locally advanced borderline-resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from a phase II NEOCRTEC1601 study
Authors: Jia-Di Wu, Zhi-Qiang Wang, Qiao-Qiao Li, Chao Ren, Sheng Huang, Cai-Yan Fang, De-Shen Wang, Ji-Yang Chen, Qiong Tan, Yu-Hong Li, Hong Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)
Nanosecond pulsed electric field ablation as first-line curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk locations a prospective multicenter
Authors: Min Xu, Wu Zhang, Danxia Xu, Gang Dong, Zhigang Ren, Tuerganaili Aji, Jiansong Ji, Qiyu Zhao, Jinhua Pan, Xinhua Chen, Tian’An Jiang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Background: Preclinical studies have shown that nanosecond pulsed electric field ablation (nsPEF) is a novel nonthermal ablation modality that can eradicate tumors near critical structures. We conducted the prospective multicenter trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of nsPEF for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk locations. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at five hospitals in China. Patients with HCC fulfilling the Milan criteria and located immediately adjacent to (&lt;0.5 cm) the portal vein, hepatic vein, diaphragm, gastrointestinal tract, liver capsule, or gallbladder were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the complete ablation rate at 1 month, and adverse events. The secondary endpoints included local tumor progression (LTP), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: From March, 2020, to June, 2022, 192 patients were enrolled (148 males [77.1%]; median age 58.5 years [interquartile range, 51.0-66.0 years]. The median follow-up duration was 33.5 months. The technical success rate was 99.5%. Complete ablation was achieved in 91.7% of the 217 tumors. Complete ablation rates at 1 month were significantly higher in tumors &lt; 2 cm vs. ≥ 2 cm (90.1% vs. 71.7%, p = 0.002). The estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative incidences of LTP were 9.8%, 13.8%, and 15.7%, respectively. The maximum tumor diameter [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.62, p = 0.014] and age (HR = 0.42, p = 0.026) were independent predictive factors for LTP. The RFS rates at 1-, 2- and 3-year were 72.2%, 51.7%, and 43.5%, respectively. No periprocedural thermal damage was observed. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in nine (5.6%) patients. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this was the first prospective trial demonstrating that nsPEF was effective and relatively safe for HCC in high-risk locations, and may serve as an alternative therapeutic option for HCC suboptimal for thermal ablation.
A novel approach to cancer rehabilitation: assessing the influence of exercise intervention on postoperative recovery and survival rates
Authors: Xiaoyan Chen, Zhi Li, Junfeng Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Cancer rehabilitation is the crucial process by which cancer patients regain their physical abilities and enhance their quality of life through diverse methods following treatment. As the cure rate of cancer continues to rise, the need for postoperative rehabilitation is becoming increasingly evident. This is particularly crucial for enhancing patient survival rates and minimizing the chances of cancer recurrence. Exercise intervention has become increasingly popular and widely used as a proactive rehabilitation therapy in recent years. This article examines the influence of exercise intervention on the recovery and survival rates of cancer patients after surgery. It specifically investigates the effects and mechanisms of various exercise interventions, such as aerobic exercise, strength training, and flexibility training, on patients with lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and other forms of cancer. Exercise therapies before and after surgery can greatly boost patients’ physical abilities, decrease postoperative problems, minimize hospital stays, and improve overall quality of life. In addition, implementing exercise intervention can enhance the long-term survival rates of patients. Future studies should investigate the most effective exercise programs and their suitability for various types of cancer, with the goal of offering better evidence-based clinical advice.
Erratum: Theranostical nanosystem-mediated identification of an oncogene and highly effective therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yu Guo, Jing Wang, Lu Zhang, Shunli Shen, Ruomi Guo, Yang Yang, Wenjie Chen, Yiru Wang, Guihua Chen, Xintao Shuai
Journal: Hepatology (2025)