tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overall and late mortality among 24 459 survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in Alberta, Canada: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Taylor Hughes, Ruth L Diaz, Sarah McKillop, Paul C Nathan, Miranda M Fidler-Benaoudia
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2025)

SummaryBackgroundAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at an increased risk of premature mortality due to their cancer and its treatment. Herein, we aimed to quantify the excess risks of mortality among AYA cancer survivors and identify target populations for intervention.MethodsThe Alberta AYA Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective, population-based cohort of individuals diagnosed with a first primary neoplasm at age 15–39 years in Alberta, Canada, between 1983 and 2017. We assessed cancer survivors (ie, all individuals included in the cohort) overall and for 2-year and 5-year survivorship subpopulations. We calculated standardised mortality ratios and absolute excess risks (AERs; per 10 000 person-years) compared with the general population, and cumulative mortality probability. Causes of death were categorised as deaths due to recurrence or progression (of the first primary neoplasm), deaths due to a subsequent primary neoplasm (SPN), and deaths due to non-neoplastic causes.FindingsAmong the 24 459 individuals included in the cohort, 5916 deaths were observed, which was 11·4 times (95% CI 11·1–11·7) that expected for the general population, equating to 191·6 (186·2–196·9) excess deaths; correspondingly, 5-year survivors had 4·2 times (4·0–4·4) more deaths than expected, equating to 74·3 (69·8–78·8) excess deaths. Increased age at diagnosis, poorer neighbourhood income quintile at diagnosis, first primary neoplasm type, and initial treatment plan were identified as important risk factors for mortality. While recurrence or progression was the main cause of excess mortality (AER 172·2 [167·4–177·1]), the majority of deaths beyond 10 years from diagnosis were due to SPNs and non-neoplastic causes among survivors of endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. The cumulative mortality probability significantly decreased among more recently diagnosed survivors for all-cause mortality (p<0·0001) as well as recurrence or progression deaths (p<0·0001) and SPN deaths (p=0·0070), suggesting that long-term survival is improving.InterpretationAYA cancer survivors have substantial excess mortality. Given the high burden of late SPN and non-neoplastic deaths, survivors of endometrial cancer, testicular cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma are notable populations that might benefit from primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies.FundingNone.
The SARS-CoV-2 test scale-up in the USA: an analysis of the number of tests produced and used over time and their modelled impact on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Steven Santos, Matthew Humbard, Anastasia S Lambrou, Gary Lin, Yamil Padilla, Jasmine Chaitram, Muktha S Natrajan, Hannah L Kirking, Sean Courtney, Kim Del Guercio, Seth Roberts, Fraser Gaspar, Michael F Iademarco, Joseph Hamel, Reynolds M Salerno
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2025)
The public health risks of counterfeit pills
Authors: Joseph Friedman, Daniel Ciccarone
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2025)

SummarySynthetic illicit drugs, such as nitazenes and fentanyls, are becoming commonplace in countries around the world, including in Europe, Australia, and Latin America, which raises concern for overdose crises like those seen in North America. An important dimension of the risk represented by synthetic drugs is the fact that they are increasingly packaged in counterfeit pill form. These pills—often indistinguishable from authentic pharmaceuticals—have substantially widened the scope of populations susceptible to synthetic drug overdose in North America (eg, among adolescents experimenting with pills or tourists from the USA seeking psychoactive medications from pharmacies in Mexico). The non-medical use of diverted prescription medications is relatively more common, and less stigmatised, than the use of powder drugs. Many consumers of counterfeit pills are unaware that they contain synthetic illicit drugs, believe them to be authentic pharmaceuticals, and would be unlikely to consume those drugs knowingly or if in powder form. Given these issues, we recommend the expansion of educational and awareness campaigns, pill testing programmes to help consumers shift demand to safer products, increased monitoring in routine clinical scenarios and overdose death toxicology, and expanding medically managed safer alternatives to counterfeit pill use.
We need evidence-based futility thresholds to transplant grade-3 acute on chronic liver failure patients with poor respiratory, haemodynamic, and metabolic parameters
Authors: Alfonso W Avolio, Massimo Antonelli, Lucio Caccamo, Francesco Frongillo, Luca Del Prete, Alberto Ferrarese, Massimo Iavarone, Patrizia Burra
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
Dynamic association of antimicrobial resistance in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae between primary care and hospital settings in the Netherlands (2008–2020): a population-based study
Authors: Evelyn Pamela Martínez, Annelies Verbon, Annelot F Schoffelen, Wieke Altorf-van der Kuil, Joost van Rosmalen
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
The Italian health data system is broken
Authors: None The Lancet Regional Health – Europe
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)

The population of Italy is projected to decrease by approximately 8% by 2050, falling from 59 million in 2022 to 54.4 million, due to increased ageing and a declining birth rate. By 2050, more than 35% of Italians will be older than 65 years, while children younger than 14 years will represent only 11.7% of the population. Without reforms, this demographic shift will strain health-care and social systems.
Protection by natural cholera against later episodes of cholera over 10 years of follow-up in Matlab, Bangladesh: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Masuma Hoque, Deok Ryun Kim, Faisal Ahmmed, Md Taufiqul Islam, Justin Im, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Sophie Kang, Farhana Khanam, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Md Golam Firoj, Asma Binte Aziz, Suman Kanungo, Ashraful Islam Khan, Md Alfazal Khan, Jooah Lee, Gideok Pak, Florian Marks, Jerome H Kim, Andrew Azman, Jan Holmgren, Firdausi Qadri, Khalequ Zaman, John D Clemens
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2025)

Patients with cholera have been shown to be protected against subsequent cholera for 3 years after their initial episode. We aimed to assess protection at 10 years of follow-up. In this retrospective cohort study, cohorts of patients treated for cholera (index patients) and contemporaneously selected age-matched individuals without cholera (controls), randomly selected from the population of Matlab, Bangladesh, were assembled between 1990 and 2009 and followed for up to 10 years. Selection of participants who had no history of cholera in the 5 years before selection proceeded in secular sequence, and selection was done without replacement. Protection against subsequent treated cholera was assessed in proportional hazards models and waning of protection was assessed non-parametrically with use of smoothing of protection curves. We included 3925 index patients and 23 550 matched controls. Patients with El Tor cholera (26 subsequent episodes among 3619 index patients) had a 48·6% (95% CI 23·1 to 65·7; p=0·0012) lower risk of El Tor cholera than controls, with no evidence of waning during up to 10 years of follow-up (p=0·87). Index patients aged 5 years and older with El Tor cholera (nine subsequent episodes among 2279 index patients) were at a 61·7% (23·6 to 80·8; p=0·0065) lower risk of El Tor cholera, whereas index patients younger than 5 years with El Tor cholera (17 subsequent episodes among 1340 index patients) had a 36·2% (-5·0 to 61·3; p=0·077) lower risk (p=0·26 for the difference by age). Protection against El Tor cholera associated with previous El Tor cholera was moderate in magnitude and sustained over 10 years of follow-up. These findings suggest the potential for sustained, long-term protection by oral cholera vaccines in populations with endemic cholera and help inform models of cholera in endemic settings. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Efficiency and safety of automated label cleaning on multimodal retinal images
Authors: Tian Lin, Meng Wang, Aidi Lin, Xiaoting Mai, Huiyu Liang, Yih-Chung Tham, Haoyu Chen
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Label noise is a common and important issue that would affect the model's performance in artificial intelligence. This study assessed the effectiveness and potential risks of automated label cleaning using an open-source framework, Cleanlab, in multi-category datasets of fundus photography and optical coherence tomography, with intentionally introduced label noise ranging from 0 to 70%. After six cycles of automatic cleaning, significant improvements are achieved in label accuracies (3.4–62.9%) and dataset quality scores (DQS, 5.1–74.4%). The majority (86.6 to 97.5%) of label errors were accurately modified, with minimal missed (0.5–2.8%) or misclassified (0.4–10.6%). The classification accuracy of RETFound significantly improved by 0.3–52.9% when trained with the datasets after cleaning. We also developed a DQS-guided cleaning strategy to mitigate over-cleaning. Furthermore, external validation on EyePACS and APTOS-2019 datasets boosted label accuracy by 1.3 and 1.8%, respectively. This approach automates label correction, enhances dataset reliability, and strengthens model performance efficiently and safely.
Artificial intelligence assisted real-time recognition of intra-abdominal metastasis during laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery
Authors: Hao Chen, Longfei Gou, Zhiwen Fang, Qi Dou, Haobin Chen, Chang Chen, Yuqing Qiu, Jinglin Zhang, Chenglin Ning, Yanfeng Hu, Haijun Deng, Jiang Yu, Guoxin Li
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Laparoscopic exploration (LE) is crucial for diagnosing intra-abdominal metastasis (IAM) in advanced gastric cancer (GC). However, overlooking single, tiny, and occult IAM lesions during LE can severely affect the treatment and prognosis due to surgeons' visual misinterpretations. To address this, we developed the artificial intelligence laparoscopic exploration system (AiLES) to recognize IAM lesions with various metastatic extents and locations. The AiLES was developed based on a dataset consisting of 5111 frames from 100 videos, using 4130 frames for model development and 981 frames for evaluation. The AiLES achieved a Dice score of 0.76 and a recognition speed of 11 frames per second, demonstrating robust performance in different metastatic extents (0.74–0.76) and locations (0.63–0.90). Furthermore, AiLES performed comparably to novice surgeons in IAM recognition and excelled in recognizing tiny and occult lesions. Our results demonstrate that the implementation of AiLES could enhance accurate tumor staging and assist individualized treatment decisions.
High-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae aggravates lung injury by affecting neutrophils and the airway epithelium
Authors: Jinghua Cui, Ziying Xu, Zihui Yu, Qun Zhang, Shiyu Liu, Bing Du, Lin Gan, Chao Yan, Guanhua Xue, Junxia Feng, Zheng Fan, Tongtong Fu, Yanling Feng, Hanqing Zhao, Zanbo Ding, Xiaoran Li, Rui Zhang, Xiaohu Cui, Ziyan Tian, Kewu Huang, Wenjun Wang, Yu Bai, Haijian Zhou, Ying Sun, Xiaopeng Yang, Meng Wan, Yuehua Ke, Jing Yuan
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

We have previously reported that high-alcohol-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (HiAlc Kpn) in the gut can cause endo-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we discover that 91.2% of Kpn isolates from pulmonary disease samples also produce excess ethanol, which may be associated with respiratory disease severity. To further explore the potential mechanism, a murine model is established with high-dose bacteria. Kpn stimulates granular neutrophils (G0), subsequently transforming them into phagocytic neutrophils (G1). HiAlc Kpn also causes dysfunction of pyrimidine metabolism, leading to neutrophil apoptosis. These changes inhibit phagocytosis of neutrophils and possibly suppress inflammasome-dependent innate immunity. In a persistent infective murine model, HiAlc Kpn induces lung fibrosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly affecting epithelial cell apoptosis and lung function. The results suggest that the subtype of neutrophil is a potential biomarker for the severity of lung injury caused by HiAlc Kpn.
Childbirth after cancer among 42,896 male adolescents and young adults: a population-based study
Authors: Caitlin C Murphy, Jennifer S Wang, Andrea C Betts, Philip J Lupo, L Aubree Shay, Marlyn A Allicock, Caroline L Kirk, Sandi L Pruitt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)

Few studies have examined childbirth and adverse perinatal outcomes among male adolescents and young adults with cancer (AYAs, diagnosed at age 15-39 years). We conducted a population-based assessment of these outcomes in a large, diverse sample.
Non-viral, high throughput genetic engineering of primary immune cells using nanostraw-mediated transfection
Authors: Arun R K Kumar, Jessalyn Low, Jet Lim, Ba Myint, Xinhong Sun, Ling Wu, Hong Sheng Cheng, Sophronia Yip, Cyrus Zai Ming Cheng, Thamizhanban Manoharan, Ying Jie Quek, Yufeng Shou, Johann Shane Tian, Yu Yang Ng, Nicholas R J Gascoigne, Nguan Soon Tan, Rio Sugimura, Gloryn Chia, Alice Man Sze Cheung, Makoto Yawata, Andy Tay
Journal: Biomaterials (2025)
To image or not to image: Use of imaging mass spectrometry in biomedical lipidomics
Authors: Albert Maimó-Barceló, Karim Pérez-Romero, Ramón M Rodríguez, Cristina Huergo, Ibai Calvo, José A Fernández, Gwendolyn Barceló-Coblijn
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2025)
Positron emission tomography tracers for synucleinopathies
Authors: Jie Xiang, Zhentao Zhang, Shengxi Wu, Keqiang Ye
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2025)

Abstract Synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein. Variations in brain distribution allow for differentiation among these diseases and facilitate precise clinical diagnosis. However, distinguishing between synucleinopathies and Parkinsonism with tauopathies poses a challenge, significantly impacting clinical drug development. Therefore, molecular imaging is crucial for synucleinopathies, particularly for clinical diagnosis, assessment of drug efficacy, and disease surveillance. In recent years, advances in molecular imaging have led to rapid development of α-synuclein-specific tracers for positron emission tomography (PET), most of which are still in pre-clinical stages. Interestingly, some of these tracers share similar compound skeletal structures and are currently undergoing optimization for clinical application. Despite this progress, there remain challenges in developing α-synuclein tracers. This review summarizes recent findings on promising PET tracers and discusses representative compounds’ characteristics while offering suggestions for further research orientation.
Effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination against high-grade cervical lesions by age and doses: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Shiqiang Wu, Alexander Ploner, Ana Martina Astorga Alsina, Yunyang Deng, Lina Ask Schollin, Jiayao Lei
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)

SummaryBackgroundOne or two-dose schedule for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been recommended by the World Health Organization and used in many vaccination programs. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against high-grade cervical lesions by age at vaccination and number of doses received.MethodsThis cohort study included 2,200,495 females aged 10–35 years old who were residents of Sweden between 2006 and 2022, with 584,676 (26.6%) receiving at least one dose of quadrivalent HPV vaccine. We used Poisson regression models to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRR) comparing the incidence rate of high-grade cervical lesions in relation to age at vaccination and doses.FindingsIn girls initiating vaccination before age 15, we observed IRRs of 0.42 (95% CI 0.33–0.52) after one-dose, 0.54 (0.47–0.63) after two-dose, and 0.50 (0.47–0.53) after three-dose. The IRRs were 0.60 (95% CI 0.52–0.70), 0.55 (0.49–0.62), and 0.54 (0.52–0.56) after one, two or three doses for girls who initiated vaccination age 15–17. For women who initiated vaccination after age 20, higher doses may be needed to achieve a statistically significant risk reduction.InterpretationReceiving one or two doses of HPV vaccines prior to age 17, especially for those initiating before age 15, has comparable effectiveness against high-grade cervical lesions with those who received three doses.FundingSwedish Research Council, Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare, and Karolinska Institutet.
Hydrogen bonding-mediated phase-transition gelatin-based bioadhesives to regulate immune microenvironment for diabetic wound healing
Authors: Zhuoling Tian, Ruoheng Gu, Wenyue Xie, Xing Su, Zuoying Yuan, Zhuo Wan, Hao Wang, Yaqian Liu, Yuting Feng, Xiaozhi Liu, Jianyong Huang
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
Bolstered bone regeneration by multiscale customized magnesium scaffolds with hierarchical structures and tempered degradation
Authors: Zehui Lv, Bo Peng, Yu Ye, Haojing Xu, Xuejie Cai, Jinge Liu, Jiabao Dai, Yixin Bian, Peng Wen, Xisheng Weng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2025)
Patient-reported outcomes following ciltacabtagene autoleucel or standard of care in patients with lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4): results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Roberto Mina, Anne K Mylin, Hisayuki Yokoyama, Hila Magen, Winfried Alsdorf, Monique C Minnema, Leyla Shune, Iris Isufi, Simon J Harrison, Urvi A Shah, Jordan M Schecter, Martin Vogel, Nikoletta Lendvai, Katharine S Gries, Eva G Katz, Ana Slaughter, Carolina Lonardi, Jane Gilbert, Quanlin Li, William Deraedt, Octavio Costa Filho, Nitin Patel, Erika Florendo, Lionel Karlin, Katja Weisel
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2025)
Position statement on the diagnosis and management of acute leukaemia and aggressive lymphomas in pregnancy
Authors: Georgia Mills, Antonia Shand, Debra Kennedy, Sandra Lowe, Victoria Bilsland, Briony Cutts, Bruce McBride, Wendy Brown, Srinivas Bolisetty, Eva A Wegner, Giselle Kidson-Gerber
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2025)
Enhancing adipose tissue plasticity: progenitor cell roles in metabolic health
Authors: Simon Lecoutre, Clémentine Rebière, Salwan Maqdasy, Mélanie Lambert, Sébastien Dussaud, Jimon Boniface Abatan, Isabelle Dugail, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Karine Clément, Geneviève Marcelin
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2025)
International consensus guidelines on the implementation and monitoring of vosoritide therapy in individuals with achondroplasia
Authors: Ravi Savarirayan, Julie Hoover-Fong, Keiichi Ozono, Philippe Backeljauw, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Kristen DeAndrade, Penny Ireland, Melita Irving, Juan Llerena Junior, Mohamad Maghnie, Margaret Menzel, Nadia Merchant, Klaus Mohnike, Susana Noval Iruretagoyena, Keita Okada, Svein Otto Fredwall
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2025)
Single cell and spatial analysis of immune-hot and immune-cold tumours identifies fibroblast subtypes associated with distinct immunological niches and positive immunotherapy response
Authors: Benjamin H. Jenkins, Ian Tracy, Maria Fernanda S. D. Rodrigues, Melanie J. L. Smith, Begoña R. Martinez, Mark Edmond, Sangeetha Mahadevan, Anjali Rao, Hailing Zong, Kai Liu, Abhishek Aggarwal, Li Li, Lauri Diehl, Emma V. King, Jamie G. Bates, Christopher J. Hanley, Gareth J. Thomas
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2025)

Cancer-associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) have emerged as critical regulators of anti-tumour immunity, with both beneficial and detrimental properties that remain poorly characterised. To investigate this, we performed single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis, comparing head & neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) subgroups, which although heterogenous, can be considered broadly immune-hot and immune-cold (human papillomavirus [HPV]+ve and HPV-ve tumours respectively). This identified six fibroblast subpopulations, including two with immunomodulatory gene expression profiles (IL-11 + inflammatory [i]CAF and CCL19 + fibroblastic reticular cell [FRC]-like). IL-11 + iCAF were spatially associated with inflammatory monocytes and regulated in vitro through synergistic activation of canonical NF-κB signalling by IL-1β and TNF-α. FRC-like were enriched in immune-hot HPV+ve tumours, associated with CD4 + T-cells and B-cells in tertiary lymphoid structures and regulated through non-canonical NF-κB signalling via lymphotoxin. Pan-cancer analysis revealed several 'iCAF' subgroups present in both normal and cancer tissues; IL11 + iCAF were found in cancers from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and transcriptomically distinct from iCAFs previously described in pancreatic and breast cancers with greater inflammatory properties; FRC-like fibroblasts were present at low frequencies in all tumour types, and were associated with significantly better survival in patients receiving checkpoint immunotherapy. This work clarifies and expands current literature on immunomodulatory CAFs, highlighting links with important immunological niches.
Osteoarthritis synovium as a nidus for monosodium urate crystal deposition inducing severe gout studied by label‐free stimulated Raman scattering combined with synovial organoids
Authors: Ziyi Chen, Wenjuan Wang, Yaxin Chen, Minbiao Ji, Yinghui Hu
Journal: MedComm (2025)

Abstract Gout, a common chronic disease, is characterized by the formation and deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition in articular and nonarticular structures. Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent type of arthritis, is a progressive degenerative joint disease. Previous clinical studies have reported that gout frequently affects OA joints; however, the underlying mechanism remains unidentified. Recently, OA synovium has been proposed as a favorable vehicle for MSU crystal deposition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether OA synovium acts as a nidus for MSU crystal deposition inducing severe gout flares, using label‐free, highly‐specific stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy combined with innovative preclinical models—synovial organoids. Crystal deposition, cellular phagocytosis, and subsequent inflammation intensity was imaged in ex vivo synovial organoids using SRS microscopy and other biochemical techniques. Results revealed that MSU crystals were more likely to deposit in OA synovium than in normal synovium. Furthermore, OA synoviocytes were more capable of phagocytosing crystals, leading to severe inflammation, and thus, expediting gout. These findings offer a potential explanation for why gout is preferred in OA joints and offer significant insights into the pathophysiology of gout, thereby informing prevention and management strategies for OA to prevent or alleviate the subsequent progression of gout.