tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How language and agriculture promote culture- and peace-promoting norms
Authors: Thomas R Zentall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Humans are predisposed to form in-groups and out-groups that are remarkably flexible in their definition due largely to the complex language that has evolved in them. Language has allowed for the creation of shared “background stories” that can unite people who do not know each other. Second, the discovery of agriculture has resulted in the critical need to negotiate boundaries, a process that can lead to peace (but also war).
Police for peace
Authors: Hannes Rusch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Glowacki's detailed account of small-scale societies’ endogenously emerging tendencies to oscillate between phases of peace and war highlights a need for understanding better the incentives governing “internal” policing for “external” peacekeeping. Here, I sketch some of these incentives and point out a resulting dilemma which Glowacki's account leaves unresolved for the time being.
Clinical and molecular profiling of human visceral adipose tissue reveals impairment of vascular architecture and remodeling as an early hallmark of dysfunction
Authors: Daniela Rosendo-Silva, Pedro Bastos Gomes, Tiago Rodrigues, Sofia Viana, André Nogueira da Costa, Philipp E. Scherer, Flávio Reis, Francisco Pereira, Raquel Seiça, Paulo Matafome
Journal: Metabolism (2024)

Adipose tissue dysfunction is more related to insulin resistance than body mass index itself and an alteration in adipose tissue function is thought to underlie the shift from metabolically healthy to unhealthy obesity. Herein, we performed a clustering analysis that revealed distinct visceral adipose tissue gene expression patterns in patients with obesity at distinct stages of metabolic dysregulation. We have built a cross-sectional cohort that aims at reflecting the evolution of the metabolic sequelae of obesity with the main objective to map the sequential events that play a role in adipose tissue dysfunction from the metabolically healthy (insulin-sensitive) state to several incremental degrees of metabolic dysregulation, encompassing insulin resistance establishment, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. We found that insulin resistance is mainly marked by the downregulation of adipose tissue vasculature remodeling-associated gene expression, suggesting that processes like angiogenesis and adaptative expansion/retraction ability suffer early dysregulation. Prediabetes was characterized by compensatory growth factor-dependent signaling and increased response to hypoxia, while type 2 diabetes was associated with loss of cellular response to insulin and hypoxia and concomitant upregulation of inflammatory markers. Our findings suggest a putative sequence of dysregulation of biological processes that is not linear and has multiple distinct phases across the metabolic dysregulation process, ultimately culminating in the climax of adipose tissue dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Several studies have addressed the transcriptomic changes in adipose tissue of patients with obesity. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study unraveling the potential molecular mechanisms associated with the multi-step evolution of adipose tissue dysfunction along the metabolic sequelae of obesity.
The psychology of intergroup relations was grounded in intragroup processes
Authors: R Matthew Montoya, Brad Pinter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Although Glowacki proposed that peace developed from the relatively recent advent of intergroup norms and tolerance for out-group members, we submit that (a) positive intergroup relations developed from a psychology grounded in the regulation of intragroup relations, (b) the “default” intergroup orientation is uncertainty, and (c) positive intergroup relations likely existed early in our evolutionary history.
Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19
Authors: Vivek P. Chavda, Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali, Pankti C. Balar, Subhash C. Chauhan, Nikita Tiwari, Somanshi Shukla, Mansi Athalye, Vandana Patravale, Vasso Apostolopoulos, Murali M. Yallapu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Enhanced cooperation increases the capacity for conflict
Authors: Rose McDermott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Enhanced cooperation increases the capacity for humans to engage in large-scale warfare. This ability provides the foundation for male coalitionary behavior, leaving open the question of whether cooperation evolved in the same way, or for the same purpose, in females. Such coalitionary behavior entrains hierarchical forms of leadership that remain inherently unstable, providing a spark for conflict to emerge.
Peace as prerequisite rather than consequence of cooperation
Authors: Angelo Romano, Jörg Gross, Carsten K. W. De Dreu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract We take issue with Glowacki's assumption that intergroup relations are characterized by positive-sum interactions and suggest to include negative-sum interactions, and between-group independence. As such, peace may be better defined as the absence of negative-sum interactions. Rather than being a consequence of cooperation, peace emerges as a necessary but not sufficient prerequisite for positive (in)direct reciprocity between groups that, in turn, is key to social identities and cultural complexity.
Is peace a human phenomenon?
Authors: Elva J. H. Robinson, António M. M. Rodrigues, Jessica L. Barker
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Peace is a hallmark of human societies. However, certain ant species engage in long-term intergroup resource sharing, which is remarkably similar to peace among human groups. We discuss how individual and group payoff distributions are affected by kinship, dispersal, and age structure; the challenges of diagnosing peace; and the benefits of comparing convergent complex behaviours in disparate taxa.
The roots of peace
Authors: Michael L Wilson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract By focusing on peace, Glowacki provides a fresh perspective on warfare. Why did humans evolve peace? Other animals aggregate peacefully when resources are not economically defendable. The human capacity for peace may arise from two key factors: Multilevel societies and psychology shaped by within-group exchanges, which may have begun when tools enabled hominins to extract foods, including tubers and roots.
Microneedle-mediated nose-to-brain drug delivery for improved Alzheimer's disease treatment
Authors: Shuyao Ruan, Jiaqi Li, Hang Ruan, Qing Xia, Xiaolin Hou, Zhi Wang, Teng Guo, Chunyun Zhu, Nianping Feng, Yongtai Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Peace is a form of cooperation, and so are the cultural technologies which make peace possible
Authors: Julien Lie-Panis, Jean-Baptiste André
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

While necessary parts of the puzzle, cultural technologies are insufficient to explain peace. They are a form of second-order cooperation - a cooperative interaction designed to incentivize first-order cooperation. We propose an explanation for peacemaking cultural technologies, and therefore peace, based on the reputational incentives for second-order cooperation.
Author's response: The challenge of peace
Authors: Luke Glowacki
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract The 30 commentators are largely sympathetic to the account I develop for the origins of peace in humans, though many suggest that peace has deeper roots and that humans share characteristics of peace with other species. Multiple commentators propose how to extend my framework or focus on the cognitive and psychological prerequisites for peace. In my reply, I discuss these considerations and further my account of why I think peace as defined here was unlikely prior to behavioral modernity which emerged approximately 100,000 years ago. In general, there seems to be a consensus that moving the debate beyond “war versus peace” in human evolution and instead focusing on the conditions that enable war or peace is a fruitful direction for the field to take.
The role of religion in the evolution of peace
Authors: Jordan Kiper, Richard Sosis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Glowacki's account overlooks the role of religion in the regulation of cooperation, tolerance, and peace values. We interrogate three premises of Glowacki's argument and suggest that approaching religion as an adaptive system reveals how religious commitments and practices likely had a more substantial impact on the evolution of peace and conflict than currently presumed.
Language likely promoted peace before 100,000 ya
Authors: Richard Wrangham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Based on evidence of selection against alpha-male behavior in the earliest Homo sapiens , I suggest that by 300,000 ya (years ago) language would have been sufficiently sophisticated to contribute to peacemaking between groups. Language also influenced the social landscape of peace and war, and groups' ability to form coalitions.
Social norms, mentalising, and common knowledge, in making peace and war
Authors: Vincent Riordan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract The emergence of social norms would have been dependent on the evolution of the cognitive capacity for mentalising to multiple orders of intentionality. Common knowledge is a related phenomenon that can solve coordination problems. That the same cognitive and social mechanisms should facilitate both peace and war is resonant with Girard's scapegoat hypothesis on the relationship between violence and religion.
On the evolved psychological mechanisms that make peace and reconciliation between groups possible
Authors: Michael E McCullough, David Pietraszewski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract If group norms and decisions foster peace, then understanding how norms and decisions arise becomes important. Here, we suggest that neither norms nor other forms of group-based decision making (such as offering restitution) can be adequately understood without simultaneously considering (i) what individual psychologies are doing and (ii) the dynamics these psychologies produce when interacting with each other.
Rethinking peace from a bonobo perspective
Authors: Liran Samuni, Erin G Wessling, Martin Surbeck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2024)

Abstract Reconstructing pathways to human peace can be hampered by superficial evaluations of similar processes in nonhuman species. A deeper understanding of bonobo social systems allows us to reevaluate the preconditions for peace to gain a greater insight on the evolutionary timescale of peace emergence.
VEXAS‐Defining <i>UBA1</i> Somatic Variants in 245,368 Diverse Individuals in the NIH <i>All Of Us</i> Cohort
Authors: Robert W. Corty, James Brogan, Kevin Byram, Jason Springer, Peter C. Grayson, Alexander G. Bick
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

Somatic variants in UBA1 cause VEXAS, a recently described, systemic autoinflammatory disease. Research on VEXAS has largely focused on highly symptomatic patients. We sought to determine the prevalence of canonical, VEXAS-associated somatic variants and their disease penetrance in a diverse, unselected population.
Divergent Selection in Low Recombination Regions Shapes the Genomic Islands in Two Incipient Shorebird Species
Authors: Wenjun Zhou, Nan Zhang, Kaichi Huang, Hongzhou Lin, Jie Tu, Chenqing Zheng, Pinjia Que, Chung-Yu Chiang, Jonathan Martinez, Halimubieke Naerhulan, Tamás Székely, Zhengwang Zhang, Yang Liu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Speciation in the face of gene flow is usually associated with a heterogeneous genomic landscape of divergence in nascent species pairs. However, multiple factors, such as divergent selection and local recombination rate variation, can influence the formation of these genomic islands. Examination of the genomic landscapes of species pairs that are still in the early stages of speciation provides an insight into this conundrum. In this study, population genomic analyses were undertaken using a wide range of sampling and whole-genome resequencing data from 96 unrelated individuals of Kentish plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) and white-faced plover (Charadrius dealbatus). We suggest that the two species exhibit varying levels of population admixture along the Chinese coast and on the Taiwan Island. Genome-wide analyses for introgression indicate that ancient introgression had occurred in Taiwan population, and gene flow is still ongoing in mainland coastal populations. Furthermore, we identified a few genomic regions with significant levels of interspecific differentiation and local recombination suppression, which contain several genes potentially associated with disease resistance, coloration, and regulation of plumage molting and thus may be relevant to the phenotypic and ecological divergence of the two nascent species. Overall, our findings suggest that divergent selection in low recombination regions may be a main force in shaping the genomic islands in two incipient shorebird species.
Translocation t(14;16) in multiple myeloma: gangster or just part of the gang?
Authors: Hira Mian, Martin Kaiser, Rafael Fonseca
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2024)

associations and outcome should prevail.For the t(14;16) the preponderance of evidence suggest it is a high-risk markers, and one of the ones with the greatest impact on outcomes.In summary, we affirm our belief that the t(14;16), as a primary translocation event, should remain an indicator of high-risk disease.It is not simply a by-stander 'gang member' amidst the genetic chaos but rather the instigator classifying it as a 'gangster'.We also reiterate that the t(14;16) should continue to be routinely profiled.
Multimodal epigenetic sequencing analysis (MESA) of cell-free DNA for non-invasive colorectal cancer detection
Authors: Yumei Li, Jianfeng Xu, Chaorong Chen, Zhenhai Lu, Desen Wan, Diange Li, Jason S. Li, Allison J. Sorg, Curt C. Roberts, Shivani Mahajan, Maxime A. Gallant, Itai Pinkoviezky, Ya Cui, David J. Taggart, Wei Li
Journal: Genome Medicine (2024)

Abstract Background Detecting human cancers through cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood is a sensitive and non-invasive option. However, capturing multiple forms of epigenetic information remains a technical and financial challenge. Methods To address this, we developed multimodal epigenetic sequencing analysis (MESA), a flexible and sensitive approach to capturing and integrating a diverse range of epigenetic features in cfDNA using a single experimental assay, i.e., non-disruptive bisulfite-free methylation sequencing, such as Enzymatic Methyl-seq. MESA enables simultaneous inference of four epigenetic modalities: cfDNA methylation, nucleosome occupancy, nucleosome fuzziness, and windowed protection score for regions surrounding gene promoters and polyadenylation sites. Results When applied to 690 cfDNA samples from 3 colorectal cancer clinical cohorts, MESA’s novel modalities, which include nucleosome fuzziness, and genomic features, including polyadenylation sites, improve cancer detection beyond the traditional epigenetic markers of promoter DNA methylation. Conclusions Together, MESA stands as a major advancement in the field by utilizing comprehensive and complementary epigenetic profiles of cfDNA for effective non-invasive cancer detection.
Effect of an online educational module incorporating real-time feedback on accuracy of polyp sizing in trainees: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elijah J. Mun, Timothy Yen, Camille J. Hochheimer, Wyatt Tarter, Tonya Kaltenbach, Rajesh N. Keswani, Sachin Wani, Swati G. Patel
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Abstract Background Although polyp size dictates surveillance intervals, endoscopists often estimate polyp size inaccurately. We hypothesized that an intervention providing didactic instruction and real-time feedback could significantly improve polyp size classification. Methods We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of different components of an online educational module on polyp sizing. Participants were randomized to control (no video, no feedback), video only, feedback only, or video + feedback. The primary outcome was accuracy of polyp size classification into clinically relevant categories (diminutive [1–5mm], small [6–9mm], large [≥10mm]). Secondary outcomes included accuracy of exact polyp size (inmm), learning curves, and directionality of inaccuracy (over- vs. underestimation). Results 36 trainees from five training programs provided 1360 polyp size assessments. The feedback only (80.1%, P=0.01) and video + feedback (78.9%, P=0.02) groups had higher accuracy of polyp size classification compared with controls (71.6%). There was no significant difference in accuracy between the video only group (74.4%) and controls (P=0.42). Groups receiving feedback had higher accuracy of exact polyp size (inmm) and higher peak learning curves. Polyps were more likely to be overestimated than underestimated, and 29.3% of size inaccuracies impacted recommended surveillance intervals. Conclusions Our online educational module significantly improved polyp size classification. Real-time feedback appeared to be a critical component in improving accuracy. This scalable and no-cost educational module could significantly decrease under- and overutilization of colonoscopy, improving patient outcomes while increasing colonoscopy access.
Impact of Viscosity on Human Hepatoma Spheroids in Soft Core–Shell Microcapsules
Authors: Xuan Peng, Željko Janićijević, Sandy Lemm, Sandra Hauser, Michael Knobel, Jens Pietzsch, Michael Bachmann, Larysa Baraban
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract The extracellular environment regulates the structures and functions of cells, from the molecular to the tissue level. However, the underlying mechanisms influencing the organization and adaptation of cancer in three‐dimensional (3D) environments are not yet fully understood. In this study, the influence of the viscosity of the environment is investigated on the mechanical adaptability of human hepatoma cell (HepG2) spheroids in vitro, using 3D microcapsule reactors formed with droplet‐based microfluidics. To mimic the environment with different mechanical properties, HepG2 cells are encapsulated in alginate core–shell reservoirs (i.e., microcapsules) with different core viscosities tuned by incorporating carboxymethylcellulose. The significant changes in cell and spheroid distribution, proliferation, and cytoskeleton are observed and quantified. Importantly, changes in the expression and distribution of F‐actin and keratin 8 indicate the relation between spheroid stiffness and viscosity of the surrounding medium. The increase of F‐actin levels in the viscous medium can indicate an enhanced ability of tumor cells to traverse dense tissue. These results demonstrate the ability of cancer cells to dynamically adapt to the changes in extracellular viscosity, which is an important physical cue regulating tumor development, and thus of relevance in cancer biology.
Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Combination Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)
Authors: Xiufeng Liu, Yinying Lu, Weiping Zhou, Tao Peng, Jie Zhou, Huaqiang Bi, Feng Xia, Xiaoping Chen
Journal: Liver Cancer (2024)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combination therapy modalities for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have achieved significant efficacy in clinical research and practice and have become the mainstay for the treatment of unresectable HCC. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To better help clinicians use combination immunotherapy drugs and regimens rationally, effectively, and safely, the editorial board facilitated a discussion with multidisciplinary experts in the field, adopted the “Delphi” consensus formation method, and finally revised and completed the “&lt;i&gt;Chinese Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs)-Based Combination Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition)&lt;/i&gt;” on the basis of the 2021 edition. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key Messages:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This consensus primarily focuses on the principles and methods of clinical practice of combination therapy based on ICIs, aiming to summarize the recommendations for clinical application based on the latest research and expert experience and provide application guidance for clinicians.
Reply to: Clearing the Air: Innovations in Imaging for Early Detection and Management of COPD
Authors: Stijn E. Verleden, Jeroen M. H. Hendriks, Therese S. Lapperre
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Reply to: Clearing the Air: Innovations in Imaging for Early Detection and Management of COPD." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
A randomized phase 2 trial of oral vitamin A for graft-versus-host disease in children and young adults
Authors: Pooja Khandelwal, Lucille Langenberg, Nathan Luebbering, Kelly E. Lake, Abigail Butcher, Kylie Bota, Kristie N. Ramos, Cynthia Taggart, Hannah Choe, Sumithira Vasu, Ashley Teusink-Cross, Jane Koo, Gregory Wallace, Lindsey Romick-Rosendale, Miki Watanabe-Chailland, David B. Haslam, Adam Lane, Stella M. Davies
Journal: Blood (2024)
Antinuclear antibody–associated autoimmune cytopenia in childhood is a risk factor for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jérôme Granel, Helder Fernandes, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Amandine Guth, Olivier Richer, Pascal Pillet, Guy Leverger, Stéphane Ducassou, Mony Fahd, Marlène Pasquet, Nathalie Garnier, Vincent Barlogis, Corinne Guitton, Eric Jeziorski, Caroline Thomas, Sophie Bayart, Nathalie Cheikh, Catherine Paillard, Wadih Abou Chahla, Pascal Chastagner, Bénédicte Neven, Frédéric Millot, Julien Lejeune, Valérie Li-Thiao Te, Corinne Armari-Alla, Claire Briandet, Liana Carausu, Marianna Deparis, Christophe Piguet, Joy Benadiba, Aude Marie-Cardine, Jean-Louis Stephan, Isabelle Pellier, Claire Pluchart, Eric Doré, Katell Michaux, Sébastien Héritier, Thierry Leblanc, Nathalie Aladjidi
Journal: Blood (2024)