tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Late‐onset and long‐lasting neutropenias in the young: A new entity anticipating immune‐dysregulation disorders
Authors: F. Fioredda, A. Beccaria, P. Casartelli, E. Turrini, C. Contratto, M. C. Giarratana, F. Bagnasco, F. Saettini, M. Pillon, A. Marzollo, S. Zanardi, A. Civino, D. Onofrillo, M. Lanciotti, I. Ceccherini, A. Grossi, D. Coviello, P. Terranova, M. Lupia, G. Del Borrello, P. Uva, D. Cangelosi, G. Cavalca, M. Miano, C. Dufour
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2024)

Abstract This study identifies a new chronic form of immune neutropenia in the young with or without detectable indirect anti‐neutrophil antibodies, characterized by mild/moderate neutropenia low risk of severe infection (14%), tendency to develop autoimmune phenomena over the course of the disease (cumulative incidence of 58.6% after 20 years of disease duration), leukopenia, progressive reduction of absolute lymphocyte count and a T‐ and B‐cell profile similar to autoimmune disorders like Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus (increased HLADR+ and CD3 + TCRγδ cells, reduced T regulatory cells, increased double‐negative B and a tendency to reduced B memory cells). In a minority of patients, P/LP variants related to primary immuno‐regulatory disorders were found. This new form may fit the group of “ Likely acquired neutropenia,” a provisional category included in the recent International Guidelines on Diagnosis and Management of Neutropenia of EHA and EUNET INNOCHRON ACTION 18233. The early recognition of this form of neutropenia would help clinicians to delineate better specific monitoring plans, genetic counseling, and potentially targeted therapies.
Dissecting the pleiotropic roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung cancer: From carcinogenesis toward therapy
Authors: Ying Hou, Heng Wang, Jiarui Wu, Hongwei Guo, Xiuping Chen
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2024)

Lung cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The specific pulmonary structure to directly connect with ambient air makes it more susceptible to damage from airborne toxins. External oxidative stimuli and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in promoting lung carcinogenesis and development. The biological properties of higher ROS levels in tumor cells than in normal cells make them more sensitive and vulnerable to ROS injury. Therefore, the strategy of targeting ROS has been proposed for cancer therapy for decades. However, it is embarrassing that countless attempts at ROS-based therapies have had very limited success, and no FDA approval in the anticancer list was mechanistically based on ROS manipulation. Even compared with the untargetable proteins, such as transcription factors, ROS are more difficult to be targeted due to their chemical properties. Thus, the pleiotropic roles of ROS provide therapeutic potential for anticancer drug discovery, while a better dissection of the mechanistic action and signaling pathways is a prerequisite for future breakthroughs. This review discusses the critical roles of ROS in cancer carcinogenesis, ROS-inspired signaling pathways, and ROS-based treatment, exemplified by lung cancer. In particular, an eight considerations rule is proposed for ROS-targeting strategies and drug design and development.
Reply to correspondence “Extracellular vesicle <scp>microRNA</scp> signatures as novel biomarkers in obese asthmatics”
Authors: Fahd Alhamdan, Daniel P. Potaczek, Timm Greulich, Jörg Tost, Holger Garn
Journal: Allergy (2024)

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Salivary immunoinflammatory proteins identify children with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Girish Hiremath, Yu Wang, Hernan Correa, Quanhu Sheng, Seesandra V. Rajagopala
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Appendix S1 Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Increase in peg-asparaginase clearance as a predictor for inactivation in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Merete Dam, Maddalena Centanni, Lena E. Friberg, Daniel Centanni, Mats O. Karlsson, Line Stensig Lynggaard, Inga Maria Johannsdottir, Hilde Skuterud Wik, Johan Malmros, Goda Elizabeta Vaitkeviciene, Laimonas Griskevicius, Helene Hallböök, Ólafur Gísli Jónsson, Ulrik Overgaard, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Stefan Nygaard Hansen, Mats Heyman, Birgitte Klug Albertsen
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

Abstract Asparaginase is an essential component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy, yet its associated toxicities often lead to treatment discontinuation, increasing the risk of relapse. Hypersensitivity reactions include clinical allergies, silent inactivation, or allergy-like responses. We hypothesized that even moderate increases in asparaginase clearance are related to later inactivation. We therefore explored mandatory monitoring of asparaginase enzyme activity (AEA) in patients with ALL aged 1–45 years treated according to the ALLTogether pilot protocol in the Nordic and Baltic countries to relate mean AEA to inactivation, to build a pharmacokinetic model to better characterize the pharmacokinetics of peg-asparaginase and assess whether an increased clearance relates to subsequent inactivation. The study analyzed 1631 real-time AEA samples from 253 patients, identifying inactivation in 18.2% of the patients. This inactivation presented as mild allergy (28.3%), severe allergy (50.0%), or silent inactivation (21.7%). A pharmacokinetic transit compartment model was used to describe AEA-time profiles, revealing that 93% of patients with inactivation exhibited prior increased clearance, whereas 86% of patients without hypersensitivity maintained stable clearance throughout asparaginase treatment. These findings enable prediction of inactivation and options for either dose increments or a shift to alternative asparaginase formulations to optimize ALL treatment strategies.
Obesity causes mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction in white adipocytes due to RalA activation
Authors: Wenmin Xia, Preethi Veeragandham, Yu Cao, Yayun Xu, Torrey E. Rhyne, Jiaxin Qian, Chao-Wei Hung, Peng Zhao, Ying Jones, Hui Gao, Christopher Liddle, Ruth T. Yu, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans, Mikael Rydén, Martin Wabitsch, Zichen Wang, Hiroyuki Hakozaki, Johannes Schöneberg, Shannon M. Reilly, Jianfeng Huang, Alan R. Saltiel
Journal: Nature Metabolism (2024)

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic trait of human and rodent obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding causes mitochondrial fragmentation in inguinal white adipocytes from male mice, leading to reduced oxidative capacity by a process dependent on the small GTPase RalA. RalA expression and activity are increased in white adipocytes after HFD. Targeted deletion of RalA in white adipocytes prevents fragmentation of mitochondria and diminishes HFD-induced weight gain by increasing fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, RalA increases fission in adipocytes by reversing the inhibitory Ser637 phosphorylation of the fission protein Drp1, leading to more mitochondrial fragmentation. Adipose tissue expression of the human homolog of Drp1, DNM1L , is positively correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Thus, chronic activation of RalA plays a key role in repressing energy expenditure in obese adipose tissue by shifting the balance of mitochondrial dynamics toward excessive fission, contributing to weight gain and metabolic dysfunction.
Mitochondrial DNA mutations drive aerobic glycolysis to enhance checkpoint blockade response in melanoma
Authors: Mahnoor Mahmood, Eric Minwei Liu, Amy L. Shergold, Elisabetta Tolla, Jacqueline Tait-Mulder, Alejandro Huerta-Uribe, Engy Shokry, Alex L. Young, Sergio Lilla, Minsoo Kim, Tricia Park, Sonia Boscenco, Javier L. Manchon, Crístina Rodríguez-Antona, Rowan C. Walters, Roger J. Springett, James N. Blaza, Louise Mitchell, Karen Blyth, Sara Zanivan, David Sumpton, Edward W. Roberts, Ed Reznik, Payam A. Gammage
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)

The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) encodes essential machinery for oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic homeostasis. Tumor mtDNA is among the most somatically mutated regions of the cancer genome, but whether these mutations impact tumor biology is debated. We engineered truncating mutations of the mtDNA-encoded complex I gene, Mt-Nd5, into several murine models of melanoma. These mutations promoted a Warburg-like metabolic shift that reshaped tumor microenvironments in both mice and humans, consistently eliciting an anti-tumor immune response characterized by loss of resident neutrophils. Tumors bearing mtDNA mutations were sensitized to checkpoint blockade in a neutrophil-dependent manner, with induction of redox imbalance being sufficient to induce this effect in mtDNA wild-type tumors. Patient lesions bearing >50% mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy demonstrated a response rate to checkpoint blockade that was improved by ~2.5-fold over mtDNA wild-type cancer. These data nominate mtDNA mutations as functional regulators of cancer metabolism and tumor biology, with potential for therapeutic exploitation and treatment stratification.
Unraveling the <i>Tcrb</i> interactome
Authors: Noah Ollikainen, Ranjan Sen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2024)

In this issue of JEM, Allyn et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20230985) provide mechanistic insights into the nuclear organization of the Tcrb locus that permits long-range genomic rearrangements.
A Robotic Teleoperation System Enhanced by Augmented Reality for Natural Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Xingchao Wang, Shuqi Guo, Zijian Xu, Zheyuan Zhang, Zhenglong Sun, Yangsheng Xu
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2024)

Telekinesis, as commonly portrayed in science fiction literature and cinema, is a super power wherein users control and manipulate objects absent in physical interaction. In real world, enhancing human-robot interaction needs the synthesis of human intuitive processes with robotic arm. This paper introduces a robotic teleoperation system achieving the essence of telekinetic operations, combining the profound capabilities of augmented reality (AR) with the robotic arm operations. Utilizing AR, the proposed methodology offers operators with a visual feedback, facilitating a level of control surpassing the capacities of natural interfaces. By using AR-driven visual recognition, this system achieves operations in a virtual environment, subsequently actualized in the real world through the robotic arm. Through multiple experiments, we found that the system has a small margin of error in telekinesis operations, meeting the needs of remote operation. Furthermore, our system can operate on objects in the real world. These experiments underscore the capability of the remote control system to assist humans in accomplishing a wider range of tasks through the integration of AR and robotic arms, providing a natural human-robot interaction approach.
MonoAux: Fully Exploiting Auxiliary Information and Uncertainty for Monocular 3D Object Detection
Authors: Zhenglin Li, Wenbo Zheng, Le Yang, Liyan Ma, Yang Zhou, Yan Peng
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2024)

Monocular 3D object detection plays a pivotal role in autonomous driving, presenting a formidable challenge by requiring the precise localization of 3D objects within a single image, devoid of depth information. Most existing methods in this domain fall short of harnessing the limited information available in monocular 3D detection tasks. They typically provide only a single detection outcome, omitting essential uncertainty analysis and result post-processing during model inference, thus limiting overall model performance. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive framework that maximizes information extraction from monocular images while encompassing diverse depth estimation and incorporating uncertainty analysis. Specifically, we mine additional information intrinsic to the monocular 3D detection task to augment supervision, thereby addressing the information scarcity challenge. Moreover, our framework handles depth estimation by recovering multiple sets of depth values from calculated visual heights. The final depth estimate and 3D confidence are determined through an uncertainty fusion process, effectively reducing inference errors. Furthermore, to address task weight allocation in multi-task training, we present a versatile training strategy tailored to monocular 3D detection. This approach leverages measurement indicators to monitor task progress, adaptively adjusting loss weights for different tasks. Experimental results on the KITTI and Waymo dataset confirm the effectiveness of our approach. The proposed method consistently provides enhanced performance across various difficulty levels compared to the original framework while maintaining real-time efficiency.
Impedance Sliding-mode Control based on Stiffness-Scheduling for Rehabilitation Robot Systems
Authors: Kexin Hu, Zhongjing Ma, Suli Zou, Jian Li, Haoran Ding
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2024)

Rehabilitation robots can reproduce the rehabilitation movements of therapists by designed rehabilitation robot control methods to achieve the goal of training the patients' motion abilities. This paper proposes an impedance sliding-mode control method based on stiffness-scheduled law for the rehabilitation robot, which can be applied to rehabilitation training with both active and passive modes. A free-model-based sliding-mode control strategy is developed to avoid model dependence and reduce the system uncertainty caused by limb shaking. Additionally, the stiffness scheduling rule automatically regulates the impedance parameter of the rehabilitation robot based on the force exerted by the patient on the robot such that the rehabilitation training caters to the patient's health condition. The proposed method is compared with the fixed stiffness and variable stiffness impedance methods, and the superiority of the proposed method is proved. Rehabilitation training experiments on an actual rehabilitation robot are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and stability of the proposed method.
Allocation and Utilization Patterns of Deceased Donor Kidneys for Preemptive Transplantation in the United States
Authors: Kristen L. King, Miko Yu, Anne M. Huml, Jesse D. Schold, Syed Ali Husain, Sumit Mohan
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

King, Kristen L.; Yu, Miko; Huml, Anne M.; Schold, Jesse D.; Husain, S. Ali; Mohan, Sumit Author Information
Optimal age to discontinue long-term surveillance of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: comparative cost-effectiveness of surveillance by age
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hamada, Hiroki Oyama, Ataru Igarashi, Yoshikuni Kawaguchi, Mihye Lee, Hiroki Matsui, Nobuaki Michihata, Yousuke Nakai, Kiyohide Fushimi, Hideo Yasunaga, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Journal: Gut (2024)

Objective Current guidelines recommend long-term image-based surveillance for patients with low-risk intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). This simulation study aimed to examine the comparative cost-effectiveness of continued versus discontinued surveillance at different ages and define the optimal age to stop surveillance. Design We constructed a Markov model with a lifetime horizon to simulate the clinical course of patients with IPMNs receiving imaging-based surveillance. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for continued versus discontinued surveillance at different ages to stop surveillance, stratified by sex and IPMN types (branch-duct vs mixed-type). We determined the optimal age to stop surveillance as the lowest age at which the ICER exceeded the willingness-to-pay threshold of US$100 000 per quality-adjusted life year. To estimate model parameters, we used a clinical cohort of 3000 patients with IPMNs and a national database including 40 166 patients with pancreatic cancer receiving pancreatectomy as well as published data. Results In male patients, the optimal age to stop surveillance was 76–78 years irrespective of the IPMN types, compared with 70, 73, 81, and 84 years for female patients with branch-duct IPMNs &lt;20 mm, =20–29 mm, ≥30 mm and mixed-type IPMNs, respectively. The suggested ages became younger according to an increasing level of comorbidities. In cases with high comorbidity burden, the ICERs were above the willingness-to-pay threshold irrespective of sex and the size of branch-duct IPMNs. Conclusions The cost-effectiveness of long-term IPMN surveillance depended on sex, IPMN types, and comorbidity levels, suggesting the potential to personalise patient management from the health economic perspective.
A Survey on 3D Skeleton-based Action Recognition Using Learning Method
Authors: Bin Ren, Mengyuan Liu, Runwei Ding, Hong Liu
Journal: Cyborg and Bionic Systems (2024)

Three-dimensional skeleton-based action recognition (3D SAR) has gained important attention within the computer vision community, owing to the inherent advantages offered by skeleton data. As a result, a plethora of impressive works, including those based on conventional handcrafted features and learned feature extraction methods, have been conducted over the years. However, prior surveys on action recognition have primarily focused on video or red-green-blue (RGB) data-dominated approaches, with limited coverage of reviews related to skeleton data. Furthermore, despite the extensive application of deep learning methods in this field, there has been a notable absence of research that provides an introductory or comprehensive review from the perspective of deep learning architectures. To address these limitations, this survey first underscores the importance of action recognition and emphasizes the significance of 3-dimensional (3D) skeleton data as a valuable modality. Subsequently, we provide a comprehensive introduction to mainstream action recognition techniques based on 4 fundamental deep architectures, i.e., recurrent neural networks, convolutional neural networks, graph convolutional network, and Transformers. All methods with the corresponding architectures are then presented in a data-driven manner with detailed discussion. Finally, we offer insights into the current largest 3D skeleton dataset, NTU-RGB+D, and its new edition, NTU-RGB+D 120, along with an overview of several top-performing algorithms on these datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this research represents the first comprehensive discussion of deep learning-based action recognition using 3D skeleton data.
Emergency Department Access to Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Andrew A. Herring, Allison D. Rosen, Elizabeth A. Samuels, Chunqing Lin, Melissa Speener, John Kaleekal, Steven J. Shoptaw, Aimee K. Moulin, Arianna Campbell, Erik Anderson, Mariah M. Kalmin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Although substantial evidence supports buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in controlled trials, prospective study of patient outcomes in clinical implementation of emergency department (ED) buprenorphine treatment is lacking. Objective To examine the association between buprenorphine treatment in the ED and follow-up engagement in OUD treatment 1 month later. Design, Setting, and Participants This multisite cohort study was conducted in 7 California EDs participating in a statewide implementation project to improve access to buprenorphine treatment. The study population included ED patients aged at least 18 years identified with OUD between April 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. Data analysis was performed in October 2023. Exposure All participants were offered buprenorphine treatment for OUD (either in ED administration, prescription, or both), the uptake of which was examined as the exposure of interest. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was engagement in OUD treatment 30 days after the ED visit, determined by patient report or clinical documentation. The association of ED buprenorphine treatment with subsequent OUD treatment engagement was estimated using hierarchical generalized linear models. Results This analysis included 464 ED patients with OUD. Their median age was 36.0 (IQR, 29.0-38.7) years, and most were men (343 [73.9%]). With regard to race and ethnicity, 64 patients (13.8%) self-identified as non-Hispanic Black, 183 (39.4%) as Hispanic, and 185 as non-Hispanic White (39.9%). Most patients (396 [85.3%]) had Medicaid insurance, and more than half (262 [57.8%]) had unstable housing. Self-reported fentanyl use (242 [52.2%]) and a comorbid mental health condition (328 [71.5%]) were common. Interest in buprenorphine treatment was high: 398 patients (85.8%) received buprenorphine treatment; 269 (58.0%) were administered buprenorphine in the ED and 339 (73.1%) were prescribed buprenorphine. With regard to OUD treatment engagement at 30 days after the ED visit, 198 participants (49.7%) who received ED buprenorphine treatment remained engaged compared with 15 participants (22.7%) who did not receive ED buprenorphine treatment. An association of ED buprenorphine treatment with subsequent OUD treatment engagement at 30 days was observed (adjusted risk ratio, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.27-3.07]). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cohort study suggest that among patients with OUD presenting to EDs implementing low-threshold access to medications for OUD, buprenorphine treatment was associated with a substantially higher likelihood of follow-up treatment engagement 1 month later. Future research should investigate techniques to optimize both the uptake and effectiveness of buprenorphine initiation in low-threshold settings such as the ED.
Brainstem Encephalitis as a Cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Avindra Nath
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal