tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathological laughing and crying
Authors: Black Kj
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1994)

To THE EDITOR: The recent study by Robert G. Robinson, M.D., and his colleagues ( 1 ) contributes substantially to the literature on pathological laughing and crying. However, their patients differ from those previously meported. First, 10 of 26 patients in the treatment study had only a right hemisphere lesion, as detected from a computerized tomography scan. Pathological laughing and crying usually follow bilateral lesions (2, 3). Second, only two of 28 patients had forced laughing, compared to 91 of 1 19 patients reported elsewhere (4). Finally, these patients showed no dmamatic response in the first week of treatment with low-dose tricyclic antidepressants (5, 6). These clinical differences would be expected if the patients with right-sided lesions had major depression and anosognosia for depressive symptoms: they would cry readily but on interview would not represent true cases. Notably, several patients with pathological laughing and crying realized only after treatment that they had been depressed (5). Also, some patients with right-sided brain insults deny or minimize depression despite significant depressive signs (7, 8). This phenomenon recalls anosognosia for neurological deficits, but patients may have one without the other (8, 9). Thus, questions regarding this cohort would include 1) handedness, 2) time course of response to nortriptyline for patients with bilateral versus right-sided lesions, 3) number of patients with right-sided findings who admitted depression, and had 4) parietal lesions or signs or 5) bilateral motor or sensory signs, marked pemiventricular lucency, or cortical atrophy (since bilateral disease not evident on computerized tomogmaphy scan would explain the frequency of “unilateral” lesions). Any data the authors may have collected on these points may help further define the anatomy and pathogenesis of this intriguing syndrome.
Education and debate: Regulating health information: a US perspective * Commentary: Legal aspects of health on the internet: a European perspective
Authors: N. Terry
Journal: BMJ (2002)

engine Google 5 the starting point for finding good health information: Google ranks websites partly by the number of inbound links to a given site.Perhaps here lies the answer to the question of how to get good health information on the internet: do what we do in the rest of our lives, and rely on reputation, sometimes.
Social and affective development in infants with a manic-depressive parent
Authors: T J Gaensbauer, R J Harmon, L Cytryn, D H McKnew
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1984)

The authors observed seven infants who had a manic-depressive parent longitudinally in a structured laboratory setting with their mothers at ages 12, 15, and 18 months. The infants' attachment and affiliative behaviors and the patterning of their affective responses were assessed according to systematic measures and compared with those of a matched control group. The proband infants appeared to show a disturbance in the quality of their attachments to their mothers as well as a generalized disturbance in their capacities to regulate their emotions adaptively. There appeared to be an increasing severity of disturbance with increasing age. The authors discuss the implications of these findings.
Author’s reply to Brown
Authors: Jonathan Gornall
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As Brown notes, my article was not intended to be an exhaustive review of opposing positions on e-cigarettes.1 Rather, I wanted to show the divided nature of the debate, and the fact that evidence for and against e-cigarettes is contradictory and—clearly—controversial. Thus Brown dismisses studies cited as credible evidence by other equally respected scientists, who fear that e-cigarettes are a Trojan horse for the tobacco industry.

It …
Impact of Coronary Plaque Composition on Cardiac Troponin Elevation After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Hiroaki Watabe, Akira Sato, Daiki Akiyama, Yuki Kakefuda, Toru Adachi, Eiji Ojima, Tomoya Hoshi, Nobuyuki Murakoshi, Tomoko Ishizu, Yoshihiro Seo, Kazutaka Aonuma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
An outbreak of measles in an ultra-orthodox Jewish community in Jerusalem, Israel, 2007 - an in-depth report
Authors: C Stein-Zamir, N Abramson, H Shoob, G Zentner
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2008)

Measles elimination in Europe is hindered by recurrent outbreaks, typically in non-immunised specific sub-populations. In 2003 and 2004, two measles outbreaks occurred in Jewish ultra-orthodox communities in Jerusalem, Israel. In 2007, another measles outbreak emerged in Jerusalem. Epidemiological investigation and control activities were initiated. Three measles cases (15 years old, 22 years old and an infant; all unvaccinated) were diagnosed in Jerusalem in August 2007. All three belonged to Jewish ultra-orthodox communities in London, United Kingdom, and had had contact with patients in London. The epidemiological investigation did not reveal any connection between these cases other than their place of origin. The disease spread rapidly in extremely ultra-orthodox sub-groups in Jerusalem. Until 8 January 2008, 491 cases were reported. Most patients (70%) were young children (0-14 years old), 96% unimmunised. Frequently, all the children in a large family were infected; two thirds of the cases belonged to family clusters of more than two patients per family (in part due to non-compliance with post-exposure prophylaxis recommendations). The high age-specific incidence among infants 0-1-year- (408.5/100,000) and 1-4-year-olds (264.1/100,000) is a cause for concern. The hospitalisation rate was 15% (71/491), mainly due to fever, vomiting and dehydration. The median age of hospitalised patients was 3.6 years; 19 patients (26.7%) presented with pneumonitis or pneumonia and two patients presented with encephalitis. There have not been any deaths to date. The outbreak was apparently caused by measles importation into unprotected groups. Despite a high national immunisation coverage (94-95%), programmes to increase and maintain immunisation coverage are essential, with special focus on specific sub-populations.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Effect of Injection Rate/Injection Duration of Contrast Material on Computed Tomography
Authors: Tomoaki Ichikawa, Tsutomu Araki
Journal: Liver Cancer (2009)

Multiphasic, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scanning has improved the detection and characterization of focal hepatic lesions, such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) (Ohashi et al., 1993; Hollett et al., 1995; Baron et al., 1996). It has been well established that hepatic arterial-dominant phase (HAP) scanning is essential to detect hypervascular HCC. Hepatic arterial-dominant phase images can detect a larger number of HCC (67/81, 83%) than any other phases including unenhanced, portal venous phase (PVP), and delayed phase (DP) images (Hwang et al., 1997). In addition, some hypervas-cular HCC (26–32%) are only seen or are most conspicuous on HAP images (Hwang et al., 1997; Mitsuzaki et al., 1996).The injection rate of the contrast material is one of the most important technique-related factors for detecting hypervascular HCC on HAP images. The enhancement of the aorta (including hepatic artery) on HAP images significantly increases at higher injection rates of contrast material (Tublin et al., 1999; Kim et al., 1998). Based on these results, it was suggested that higher injection rates of contrast material can improve hypervascular hepatic lesion detection (Kim et al., 1995).
Steroid-sensitive dementia
Authors: G W Paulson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1983)

Occasional patients with senile or presenile dementia respond favorably to steroid therapy. In addition to endocrinopathy and increased intracranial pressure, inflammatory processes and vasculitides can cause dementia and be sensitive to steroids. The author reports four such cases. A brain biopsy can be of great value for definitive diagnosis; it should be considered particularly in unusual, fulminant, and unexplained cases of dementia. A trial course of several weeks of steroid therapy can be given for such cases, but steroids should not be continued if improvement is not clearly apparent.
Abstract 2481: Myocardial Viability Determined by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography is Superior to <sup>99m</sup> Technetium Sestamibi Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Predicting Hard Cardiac Events Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Girish Dwivedi, Rajesh Janardhanan, Sajad A Hayat, Jonathan A Swinburn, Roxy Senior
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: The extent of residual myocardial viability (MV) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important determinant of outcome. 99m technetium sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is widely used to assess MV following AMI. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) which has a better spatial and temporal resolution compared to SPECT will be superior for predicting outcome following AMI. Methods: Accordingly, 99 patients who underwent simultaneous resting low-power MCE &amp; nitrate enhanced SPECT 7 days after AMI were followed up for cardiac death (CD) and AMI. Both SPECT (0=normal;1=mild reduction ;2=moderate reduction;3=severe reduction;4=absent tracer uptake) &amp; MCE perfusion (1=normal;2=reduced;3=absent) were scored on a 16 segment left ventricular (LV) model. Contrast perfusion index (CPI) on MCE and SPECT perfusion index (SPI), both measures of MV, were calculated by adding the respective scores in the 16 LV segments divided by 16. Results: Ninety five patients were available for the follow up (mean 46 months). There were 15 (16%) events (8 CDs &amp; 7 AMIs). Area under the receiver operator characteristic curves for predicting CD and CD or AMI with MCE (0.82 and 0.80 respectively) were higher compared to SPECT (0.76 and 0.74 respectively). Amongst the clinical, biochemical, echocardiographic and SPECT markers of prognosis, only independent predictors of cardiac death and cardiac death or AMI were age and MV determined by MCE (p=0.01 &amp; p=0.002 respectively). Conclusion: MV determined by resting MCE is superior to nitrate enhanced SPECT for the prediction of hard cardiac events following AMI.
BMS-536924, a potent, small molecule inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Joan M. Carboni, Mark Wittman, Ricardo Attar, Praveen Balimane, Stephen Castaneda, Janet Dell, Marco Gottardis, Ann Greer, Ching-Ping Ho, Chen-Yi Hung, Warren Hurlburt, Ivan Inigo, David Kan, Francis Y. Lee, Aixin Li, Tai-An Lin, Becky Penhallow, Mark Saulnier, Upender Velaparthi, Zheng Yang, Kurt Zimmermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5976 

The IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor that plays a critical role in mitogenesis and survival in a variety of human tumor cells. We have identified BMS-536924 as a potent inhibitor of the IGF-1 receptor in vitro . BMS-536924 has been shown to inhibit the catalytic activity of IGF-1R and its down stream signaling components such as Akt and MAPK in cells; it also inhibits proliferation in a wide variety of human cancer cell lines including, colon, breast, lung, pancreas, prostate, sarcoma and multiple myeloma. In vivo , BMS-536924 inhibits tumor growth in an IGF-1R-dependent tumor model (IGF-1R Sal) as well as in a broad range of human tumor xenografts. Further characterization of this compound is presented
Abstract P110: Standardized Ginseng Extract Protects Rat Hearts From Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury via GR/PI3K/Akt/eNOS Signaling
Authors: Hua Zhou, Shao Z Hou, Pei Luo, Bao Zeng, Yuen F Wong, Liung Liu
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is a popular medicinal herb used in Chinese community for over 2000 years. Previous studies have confirmed the cardioprotective effects of ginseng. Ho...
Abstract 5887: Experimental Model to Evaluate Human Platelet Reactivity and Related Pharmacodynamics in Mice
Authors: Jorge Magallon, Jianchun Chen, LeRoy Rabbani, George Dangas, Thomas Diacovo
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction: In patients with symptomatic CAD, angioplasty and stenting in combination with antiplatelet therapies including aspirin, clopidogrel, and GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors are essential to ensur...
Abstract 10698: Syndecan-4 Regulates Myofibroblast Differentiation Following Mechanical Stress
Authors: Kate M Herum, Ida G Lunde, Dina Behmen, Biljana Skrbic, Ivar Sjaastad, Geir Florholmen, Cathrine R Carlson, Geir Christensen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Mechanical stress caused by pressure overload of the heart leads to differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts characterized by the ability to contract and an excessive production o...
Abstract 12974: Progression of Early Aortic Valve Disease: Are ACE Inhibitors Protective?
Authors: Aaron L Sverdlov, Doan T Ngo, Wai Ping Chan, Matthew J Chapman, Yuliy Y Chirkov, Bernard J Gersh, John J McNeil, John D Horowitz
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction: Aortic valve stenosis (AS) and its precursor, aortic sclerosis (ASc) occur frequently in Western populations. While clinical interventions with statins have failed to retard AS progre...
Abstract 2: Therapeutic Hypothermia Cardioprotection During Cardiac Arrest Inhibits mTOR Kinase Signaling
Authors: Willard W Sharp, Zuo-Hui Shao, Mei Han, Jing Li, Huashan Wang, David G Beiser, Terry L Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is highly cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in our murine cardiomyocyte and mouse models of cardiac arrest, and requires Akt acti...
Abstract 12765: Atrial Arrhythmias in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices (CF-LVADs): The Incidence, the Risk, the Consequences
Authors: Meredith A Brisco, Kartik Sundareswaran, Carmelo A Milano, David Feldman, Gregory A Ewald, Mark S Slaughter, David J Farrar, Lee R Goldberg
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Abstract 1722: Short-term Statin Therapy is Associated with Marked Reduction of Inflammatory Reaction and MMPs of Aortic Plaque in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Kan Kajimoto, Katsumi Miyauchi, Takatoshi Kasai, Yuko Kojima, Katsuhiko Sumiyoshi, Hiroshi Niinami, Atsushi Amano, Hiroyuki Daida
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) accumulate inflammatory cells and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are implicated in AAA formation. Statins are known to reduce inflammatory reac...
Abstract 11423: A Direct Renin Inhibitor Negates Ischemia-Induced Cardiac Remodeling with Chronic Kidney Disease through Oxidative Stress Reduction in Mice
Authors: Masahito Ogawa, Jun-Ichi Suzuki, Yasunobu Hirata, Ryozo Nagai, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The complex pathophysiological interactions between heart and kidney diseases are known as the cardiorenal syndrome. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may play a pivotal role in the de...
Peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) counts during steady-state hematopoiesis allow to estimate the yield of mobilized PBPC after filgrastim (R-metHuG-CSF)-supported cytotoxic chemotherapy [see comments]
Authors: S Fruehauf, R Haas, C Conradt, S Murea, B Witt, R Mohle, W Hunstein
Journal: Blood (1995)
Abstract 16935: Transferring Ischemia-Resistant Phenotype From Stem Cells into Mouse Hearts by microRNA
Authors: Chang Yin, Fadi N Salloum, Nicholas N Hoke, Rakesh C Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (2011)

INTRODUCTION: It was observed that adipose stem cells (ASC) are more resistant to ischemic injury than adult cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that introducing microRNA (miRNA) pool extracted from ASC (miRNA-ASC) into mouse hearts transfer ASC's ischemia-resistant phenotype and reduce myocardial infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: CD-1 mice were treated with either miRNA-ASC (2 µg per heart) or volume-matched PBS (30 µl) through direct, multi-site cardiac injection. Twenty-four hours later, both groups were subjected to 30 min of ischemia by coronary artery occlusion and 24 hrs of reperfusion (I/R). Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining at the end of I/R. miRNA profiling was performed using microarray technique and verified by q-PCR. Potential targets of miRNA-ASC were studied by q-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: miRNA-ASC reproduced stem cells’ ischemia-resistant phenotype in the recipient mouse hearts, showing a much smaller infarct size (24.2±1.6%; 44% reduction) versus the PBS group (43.5±2.1%; n=6, p&lt;0.05). The miRNA profile of ASC showed that miRNA-21, a predominant and cardioprotective miRNA, was 3.7-folds more (microarray, n=3, p&lt;0.01) or 7.8-folds more (RT-PCR, n=3, p&lt;0.001) than in wild type mouse hearts. More importantly, mRNA of the pro-apoptotic PDCD-4 (programmed cell death 4), a target of miRNA-21, was suppressed by 39.3% (n=3, p&lt;0.01) in the miRNA-ASC treated group, as compared to the PBS group. Interestingly, mRNA of PDCD-4 was not detected in the stem cells. Immunohistochemistry data further confirmed that PDCD-4 positive cells were 77.1% less in the miRNA-ASC treated group versus the PBS group (n=3, p&lt;0.001). The suppression of both mRNA and protein of PDCD-4 in the miRNA-ASC group may contribute to the observed ischemia-resistant phenotype transferred into the hearts. CONCLUSION: miRNA-ASC is capable of carrying the stem cells’ ischemia-resistant attribute into the recipient hearts and reduces infarct size following ischemia/reperfusion. This property of miRNA-ASC may be explored and used as a molecular tool against I/R injury, a new approach to traditional cellular therapy of stem cells.
Abstract 1075: Incident or Continued Angina During Hypertension Treatment is Associated With Increased Risk of Death, MI, or Stroke Among Patients With Known CAD: A Substudy of The INternational VErapamil/Trandolapril STudy (INVEST)
Authors: David E Winchester, Yan Gong, Eileen Handberg, Rhonda M Cooper-DeHoff, Carl J Pepine
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction:  To assess the impact of incident angina pectoris on clinical outcomes in a trial of two different antihypertensive treatment strategies.   Methods:  Clinically stable outpatients with CAD (n=22,576) were randomly assigned to either a beta blocker (atenolol/HCTZ) or calcium antagonist (verapamil-SR/trandolapril) based hypertension treatment strategy and followed for first occurrence of death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke (primary outcome, PO). Patients were categorized according to presence or absence of angina at baseline and during follow-up. This prespecified analysis was performed to assess the impact of baseline and incident angina on adverse outcomes during follow up.   Results : The rate of the PO as well as BP control (>70% were    Conclusions:  Among clinically stable ambulatory hypertensive patients with CAD who achieved excellent BP control, angina incidence rates are very low. Neither a beta blocker nor calcium antagonist-based treatment strategy significantly influences the rate of death, stroke, or MI. However, the presence of angina, either incident or continued, significantly impacted the rate of the PO.
Psychotic syndromes in epilepsy
Authors: P J McKenna, J M Kane, K Parrish
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1985)

Claims have been made that epilepsy is associated with both brief psychotic episodes and persistent psychotic states. The existence of brief, nonconfusional psychotic episodes in epilepsy has received some formal support; these may be a function of temporal lobe subictal activity. Persistent psychosis is found in about 7% of patients with epilepsy; independent evidence indicates this to be a significant association. Temporal lobe seizure activity, again probably acting subictally, may be involved in the pathogenesis of these states, perhaps in interaction with other factors. Occurrence of psychotic syndromes in epilepsy may be relevant to kindling, atypical psychoses unrelated to epilepsy, and the psychotropic effect of carbamazepine.
Treatment and prognosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: A. Sutton, P. O Lim, P. Shiels
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Lim and Shiels state that pooled data suggest patients do not benefit from rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolysis and that their outcome is adversely affected when interventional techniques fail to open the vessel affected by the infarct.1 They also state that “vigorous clinical assessment” is required before a patient can be classified as high risk after thrombolytic treatment to prevent misinterpretation of signs such as hypotension and sinus tachycardia. Both points should be addressed. 

Firstly, the only large scale randomised trial comparing rescue angioplasty with conservative treatment for failed thrombolysis found a significant reduction in the incidence of death or severe heart failure among patients in the rescue angioplasty group (6% v 17%, P=0.05).2 Additionally, the trial was performed without the use of abciximab, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor shown to be beneficial in high risk angioplasty without increasing the risk of haemorrhage.3 The trial also did not incorporate regular intra-aortic balloon pumping, a treatment shown to be effective in maintaining arterial patency after rescue angioplasty.4 Thus, rescue angioplasty using the modern adjunctive treatments now available might offer more benefit to high risk patients than could be shown in the trial, although further trials are needed. 

Secondly, while clinical assessment is clearly important, electrocardiography can be used to identify high risk patients after thrombolytic treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Purcell et al found 18.2% mortality in unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction and <50% resolution of ST segment elevation in the worst lead 60 minutes after the initiation of thrombolytic treatment.5 Mortality in the group with ⩾50% ST segment resolution was just 1.3%. Thus, in Lim and Shiels’s example of a dominant right coronary artery occlusion, the degree of ST segment resolution after thrombolytic treatment is equally as important in risk stratification as the clinical examination, particularly if signs such as hypotension and sinus tachycardia are, as the authors suggest, regularly misinterpreted as indicating a patient at high risk of further adverse events.