tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Upgrading Right Ventricular Pacing to Cardiac Resynchronization in HFrEF Patients Improves Symptoms and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Eperke Merkel, Robert Hatala, Mátyás Szigeti, Walter Schwertner, Bálint Lakatos, Anett Behon, Kinga Goscinska-Bis, Goran Milasinovic, Roland Papp, Mihály Ruppert, László Sághy, Marcell Clemens, Scott D Solomon, Valentina Kutyifa, Attila Kovács, Annamária Kosztin, Béla Merkely
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2024)
Why exercise may never be effective medicine: an evolutionary perspective on the efficacy versus effectiveness of exercise in treating type 2 diabetes
Authors: Christopher MacDonald, Mia Bennekou, Julie Midtgaard, Hennig Langberg, Daniel Lieberman
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

Most cases of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, highlighting that lifestyle modifications should be the primary defence against developing T2D. Although accumulating evidence suggests that exercise can be an efficacious therapy for T2D, especially in conjunction with pharmacological interventions, its long-term effectiveness remains controversial owing to significant adherence challenges. In this narrative review, we combine an evolutionary perspective with epidemiological and prospective interventional studies to examine the efficacy versus effectiveness of varying volumes of exercise prescriptions for treating T2D. Commonly prescribed and recommended volumes of moderate-intensity physical activity (150 min/week) have demonstrated low-to-moderate efficacy in improving glycaemic control, reflected by improvements in glycated haemoglobin levels. Higher exercise volumes have been shown to enhance efficacy. While exercise can be moderately efficacious under the optimal circumstances of short-term exercise interventions (≤1 year), there is little evidence of its long-term effectiveness, primarily due to poor adherence. To date, no study has demonstrated long-term adherence to exercise programmes in individuals with T2D (&gt;1 year). From an evolutionary perspective, the finding that exercise interventions are often ineffective over time is unsurprising. Although often overlooked, humans never evolved to exercise. Exercise is a counter-instinctive behaviour that can be difficult to maintain, even in healthy populations and can be especially challenging for individuals who are unfit or have T2D morbidities. We conclude by presenting several considerations informed by evolutionary logic that may be useful for practitioners, policymakers and advocates of exercise as medicine to improve exercise adherence.
Intravenous Lidocaine for Gut Function Recovery in Colonic Surgery
Authors: Hugh Paterson, Thenmalar Vadiveloo, Karen Innes, Angie Balfour, Marek Atter, Andrew Stoddart, Seonaidh Cotton, Robert Arnott, Lorna Aucott, Zoe Batham, Irwin Foo, Graeme MacLennan, Susan Nimmo, Doug Speake, John Norrie
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Importance Despite the recovery advantages of minimally invasive surgical techniques, delayed return of gut function after colectomy is a common barrier to timely discharge from hospital. Objective To evaluate the effect of 2% perioperative intravenous lidocaine infusion on return of gut function after elective minimally invasive colon resection. Design, Setting, and Participants The ALLEGRO trial was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial conducted in 27 UK hospitals. A total of 590 adults scheduled for elective minimally invasive colon resection for benign or malignant disease were randomized 1:1 to 2% intravenous lidocaine or saline placebo. Enrollment occurred from August 13, 2018, to April 11, 2023, with a pause in recruitment from March 20, 2020, through July 6, 2020; final follow-up was on August 10, 2023. Interventions The intervention patients received 2% intravenous lidocaine administered as 1.5-mg/kg bolus at induction of anesthesia followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h for 6 or 12 hours. Control patients received 0.9% saline placebo for 6 or 12 hours. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with return of gut function at 72 hours after surgery, defined by the GI-3 composite end point of tolerating diet (ingestion of food and drink without significant nausea or vomiting for 3 consecutive meals) and passage of flatus or stool. There were 11 secondary outcomes, including time to GI-3 recovery, time to GI-2 recovery (tolerance of oral diet and passage of stool), prolonged postoperative ileus, postoperative nausea and vomiting score, Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score, postoperative opioid consumption, Quality of Recovery–15, quality of life (EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level), enhanced recovery protocol adherence, time to meeting medically defined criteria for discharge, and time to patient self-assessed readiness for discharge. Results The trial enrolled 590 patients (295 intervention, 295 control); after 33 postrandomization exclusions, 557 patients were included (279 intervention, 278 control; 249 female patients [44.7%]; mean [SD] age, 66 [10.9] years); 532 (96%) received the randomized treatment. Return of gut function as defined by the GI-3 composite outcome was achieved at 72 hours by 160 patients (57.3%) in the intravenous lidocaine group vs 164 patients (59.0%) in the placebo group (adjusted absolute difference, −1.9% [95% CI, −8.0% to 4.2%]; relative risk, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.07]). There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in any of the 11 secondary end points. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients undergoing elective minimally invasive colon resection, perioperative administration of 2% intravenous lidocaine did not improve return of gut function at 72 hours. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN52352431
Formulation development of dual-compartment topical inserts combining tenofovir alafenamide and elvitegravir for flexible on-demand HIV prevention
Authors: Vivek Agrahari, M Melissa Peet, Neelima Chandra, Prakash Ramalingam, Pardeep K Gupta, Sriramakamal Jonnalagadda, Onkar N Singh, Timothy J McCormick, Gustavo F Doncel, Meredith R Clark
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Therapeutic co-assemblies for synergistic NSCLC treatment through dual topoisomerase I and tubulin inhibitors
Authors: Hehe Xiong, Chao Du, Jinmin Ye, Heng Zhang, Yatong Qin, Fantian Zeng, Ruirui Song, Changrong Shi, Huifeng Guo, Jiang Chen, Huaxiang Shen, Yanfen Cui, Zijian Zhou
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)
Healthcare utilisation of 282,080 individuals with long COVID over two years: a multiple matched control, longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Yi Mu, Ashkan Dashtban, Mehrdad A Mizani, Chris Tomlinson, Mohamed Mohamed, Mark Ashworth, Mamas Mamas, Rouven Priedon, Steffen Petersen, Evan Kontopantelis, Kim Horstmanshof, Christina Pagel, Mevhibe Hocaoğlu, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Williams, Johan Thygesen, Paula Lorgelly, Manuel Gomes, Melissa Heightman, Amitava Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2024)

Objectives To investigate healthcare utilisation and cost in individuals with long COVID (LC) at population level. Design Case–control cohort analysis with multiple age-, sex-, ethnicity-, deprivation-, region- and comorbidity-matched control groups: (1) COVID only, no LC; (2) pre-pandemic; (3) contemporary non-COVID; and (4) pre-LC (self-controlled, pre-COVID pandemic). Setting National, population-based, linked UK electronic health records (British Heart Foundation/NHS England Secure Data Environment). Participants Adults aged ≥18 years with LC between January 2020 and January 2023. Main outcome measures Healthcare utilisation (number of consultations/visits per person: primary care (general practitioner [GP]), secondary care (outpatient [OP], inpatient [IP] and emergency department [ED], investigations and procedures) and inflation-adjusted cost (£) for LC and control populations per month, calendar year and pandemic year for each category. Results A total of 282,080 individuals with LC were included between January 2020 and January 2023. The control groups were COVID only, no LC ( n = 1,112,370), pre-pandemic ( n = 1,031,285), contemporary non-COVID ( n = 1,118,360) and pre-LC ( n = 282,080). Healthcare utilisation per person (per month/year) was higher in LC than controls across GP, OP and ED. For IP, LC had higher healthcare utilisation than pre-LC and contemporary non-COVID (all p &lt; 0.0001). Healthcare utilisation of the LC group increased progressively between 2020 and 2023, compared with controls. Median cost per patient/year was also higher in individuals with LC than all control groups. Conclusions LC has been associated with substantial, persistent healthcare utilisation and cost over the last three years. Future funding, resources and staff for LC prevention, treatment and research must be prioritised to reduce sustained primary and secondary healthcare utilisation and costs.
Author Correction: Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease
Authors: Riccarda Granata, Sheila Leone, Xianyang Zhang, Iacopo Gesmundo, Charlotte Steenblock, Renzhi Cai, Wei Sha, Ezio Ghigo, Joshua M. Hare, Stefan R. Bornstein, Andrew V. Schally
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2024)
Long-term (68 weeks) administration of nemolizumab in paediatric patients aged 6–12 years with atopic dermatitis with moderate-to-severe pruritus: efficacy and safety data from a phase III study
Authors: Atsuyuki Igarashi, Toshio Katsunuma, Yuko Nagano, Hiroshi Komazaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2024)

Abstract Background A phase III clinical trial in Japanese children aged 6–12 years with atopic dermatitis (AD) and inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe pruritus found that 16 weeks of nemolizumab treatment (30 mg every 4 weeks [Q4W]) was clinically effective and tolerable, with early improvement in pruritus and associated skin signs and a positive impact on patient quality of life (QoL). Objective To report the findings from the long-term extension period of the study, and evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of nemolizumab when administered concomitantly with topical agents over 68 weeks. Methods The study included a 16-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group period during which patients received nemolizumab 30 mg or placebo Q4W; those who completed this period could enter a 52-week, long-term treatment period during which all patients received nemolizumab Q4W. Efficacy endpoints assessed treatment impact on pruritus, AD signs, and QoL. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were tabulated to evaluate long-term safety. Results Among the 89 paediatric patients evaluated, efficacy outcome measures showed a tendency towards improvement between weeks 16 and 68, and sustained efficacy during the subsequent follow-up period after treatment cessation. At week 68, among patients who received nemolizumab treatment throughout the study, the mean change from baseline in the 5-level itch score was −1.8 (standard deviation [SD] 0.8), the mean percentage change from baseline in the Average Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale score was −65.9 (SD 25.0), and the mean percentage change from baseline in the Eczema Area and Severity Index score was −77.1 (SD 23.1). Data from the Dermatitis Family Impact questionnaire indicated that the burden of housework on family members was reduced, parent/caregiver fatigue was reduced, and sleep of family members was improved by week 16, with further improvement at week 68. The overall safety profile was similar to that recorded in nemolizumab-treated patients aged ≥13 years, with no late-onset TEAEs observed during long-term treatment. Conclusions These data confirm the safety of long-term nemolizumab for paediatric patients with AD, and demonstrate improvements in pruritus, skin symptoms, and both patient and caregiver QoL over 68 weeks of treatment. (Funded by Maruho; Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCT2080225289)
Evasion of immunosurveillance by the upregulation of Siglec15 in bladder cancer
Authors: Dingshan Deng, Jiatong Xiao, Jinhui Liu, Huihuang Li, Minghui Hu, Bohan Zhou, Haisu Liang, Benyi Fan, Jinbo Chen, Xiaogen Kuang, Zhenyu Nie, Jiao Hu, Xiongbing Zu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2024)

Immunotherapy resistance in bladder cancer (BLCA) is associated with elevated levels of sialic acid–binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec15). This protein plays a crucial role in fostering a noninflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME), which is conducive to cancer progression. Our study confirmed that the overexpression of Siglec15 led to a reduction in CD8+ T cell infiltration. This effect was mediated by the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which in turn exacerbated BLCA malignancy. Furthermore, Siglec15 inhibited the cytotoxicity of effector T cell, contributing to immune evasion. An in vivo study demonstrated that Siglec15 overexpression induced a non-inflammatory TME and promoted resistance to immunotherapy. These findings highlight Siglec15 as a potential therapeutic target for BLCA. By modulating inflammation in the TME and CD8+ T cell function, targeting Siglec15 may offer a novel strategy for overcoming immunotherapy resistance and improving patient outcomes.
Unlicensed stent use creating the need for additional procedures
Authors: Hans-Ulrich Laasch, Philip Borg, Damian Mullan
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Letter to: Snare-tip soft coagulation to treat esophageal stent epithelial hyperplasiaEndoscopy 2023; 55(S 01): E572-E573DOI: 10.1055/a-2050-7431
“The future of GI endoscopy…where are we going?”
Authors: Ian Mark Gralnek, Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Cesare Hassan, Raf Bisschops
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Over the past year, in these special monthly articles celebrating 60 years of ESGE, you have heard from each of the ESGE Committees and Working Groups and our GI endoscopy nursing partner ESGENA detailing the past and providing a roadmap for the future of ESGE. We have included perspectives from those currently leading our society on how ESGE will continue to serve the endoscopy community through our guidelines, educational programs, endoscopic research, curricula, and training. You have also heard from our young endoscopists and how ESGE will keep an "EYE" on the future, including the growing diversity of our community and ESGE's commitment to advancing "green" endoscopy. In this final special monthly article celebrating the 60th anniversary of ESGE ([Fig. 1]), we look into our proverbial crystal ball and provide our thoughts about the "future of endoscopy".
Seeding activity of skin misfolded tau as a biomarker for tauopathies
Authors: Zerui Wang, Ling Wu, Maria Gerasimenko, Tricia Gilliland, Zahid Syed Ali Shah, Evalynn Lomax, Yirong Yang, Steven A. Gunzler, Vincenzo Donadio, Rocco Liguori, Bin Xu, Wen-Quan Zou
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2024)
Inequalities in the diagnosis of 275 chronic conditions in UK primary care between 2006 and 2021: a cohort study
Authors: Neil Cockburn, Samuel Cusworth, Aditya Acharya, Ben Hammond, Illin Gani, Rasiah Thayakaran, Krishna Gokhale, Bhiramah Rammanohar, Joht Singh Chandan
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Associations between life-course FEV1/FVC trajectories and respiratory symptoms up to middle age: analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies
Authors: Jennifer L Perret, Dinh S Bui, Carrie Pistenmaa, Don Vicendese, Sadiya S Khan, MeiLan K Han, Raul San José Estépar, Adrian J Lowe, Caroline J Lodge, Wassim W Labaki, Jonathan V Pham, Nur Sabrina Idrose, Chamara V Senaratna, Daniel J Tan, Garun S Hamilton, Bruce R Thompson, Maitri Munsif, Alexander Arynchyn, David R Jacobs, Michael J Abramson, E Haydn Walters, George R Washko, Ravi Kalhan, Shyamali C Dharmage
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2024)
Fostering healthy cognitive ageing in people living with HIV
Authors: Lucette A Cysique, Jules Levin, Chris Howard, Jeff Taylor, John Rule, Jane Costello, Jane Bruning, Priscilla Njeri, Amy B Mullens, Edwina Wright, Hetta Gouse, Kirstie Daken, Mattia Trunfio, Htein Linn Aung, Reuben N Robbins, Christopher M Ferraris, Jose A Muñoz-Moreno, Steven P Woods, David J Moore, Christopher Power, Pui Li Wong, Kejal Hasmukharay, Primrose Nyamayaro, Jaime Vera, Reena Rajasuriar, Robert K Heaton, Karl Goodkin, Scott Letendre, Ronald J Ellis, Bruce J Brew, Sean B Rourke
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2024)
Primary lung tumour stereotactic body radiotherapy followed by concurrent mediastinal chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant immunotherapy for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Authors: John H Heinzerling, Kathryn F Mileham, Myra M Robinson, James T Symanowski, Raghava R Induru, Gregory M Brouse, Christopher D Corso, Roshan S Prabhu, Daniel E Haggstrom, Benjamin J Moeller, William E Bobo, Carolina E Fasola, Vipul V Thakkar, Sridhar E Pal, Jenna M Gregory, Sarah L Norek, Xhevahire J Begic, Aparna H Kesarwala, Stuart H Burri, Charles B Simone
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Safety and activity of CTX130, a CD70-targeted allogeneic CRISPR-Cas9-engineered CAR T-cell therapy, in patients with relapsed or refractory T-cell malignancies (COBALT-LYM): a single-arm, open-label, phase 1, dose-escalation study
Authors: Swaminathan P Iyer, R Alejandro Sica, P Joy Ho, Anca Prica, Jasmine Zain, Francine M Foss, Boyu Hu, Amer Beitinjaneh, Wen-Kai Weng, Youn H Kim, Michael S Khodadoust, Auris O Huen, Leah M Williams, Anna Ma, Elaine Huang, Avanti Ganpule, Shashwat Deepali Nagar, Parin Sripakdeevong, Erika L Cullingford, Sushant Karnik, Mary-Lee Dequeant, Janki N Patel, Xinyi Shirley He, Ziliang Li, Qiuling Ally He, Joy H Mendonez, Alissa Keegan, Steven M Horwitz
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2024)
Mortality in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Abhinav Sengupta, Animesh Ray, Ashish Datt Upadhyay, Koichi Izumikawa, Masato Tashiro, Yuya Kimura, Felix Bongomin, Xin Su, Thomas Maitre, Jacques Cadranel, Vitor Falcao de Oliveira, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Yurdagül Uzunhan, Juan Aguilar-Company, Oxana Munteanu, Justin Beardsley, Koji Furuuchi, Takahiro Takazono, Akihiro Ito, Chris Kosmidis, David W Denning
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)
The association between socioeconomic deprivation and surgical risk factors in patients on the elective surgery waiting list in the North East and North Cumbria region of England: a retrospective analysis of linked cross-sectional data
Authors: Claire Deborah Madigan, James Prentis, Sophia Brady, Eileen Kaner, Edward Kunonga, Chris Snowden, Mackenzie Fong
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Fair Food Futures UK: using systems mapping to elucidate emerging organisational models adopted by community food organisations (CFOs) to respond to food insecurity in Bradford and Tower Hamlets, London, UK
Authors: Giorgia Previdoli, Rachel Benchekroun, Wendy Burton, Ariadne Kapetanaki, Claire Cameron, Laura Sheard, Maddy Power, Philip Hadley, Bob Doherty, Kate Pickett, Shahd Islam, Sairah Mirza, Maria Bryant
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous abatacept + standard treatment for active idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: phase <scp>III</scp> randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rohit Aggarwal, Ingrid E Lundberg, Yeong‐Wook Song, Aziz Shaibani, Victoria P Werth, Michael A Maldonado
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2024)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) abatacept and standard of care (SOC) for the treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) over 52 weeks. Methods In this randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III trial, patients with treatment‐refractory IIM received SC abatacept (125 mg weekly) + SOC (abatacept group) or placebo + SOC (placebo group) (NCT02971683). A 24‐week double‐blind period was followed by an open‐label period to assess outcomes from continued therapy with abatacept and initiation with abatacept (placebo‐to‐abatacept switch group) from 24 to 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies definition of improvement (IMACS DOI) at week 24. Secondary efficacy and safety endpoints were assessed. Results Overall, 148 (double‐blind) and 133 (open‐label) patients were treated. Baseline demographics were well‐balanced between treatment groups and disease subtypes. At 24 weeks, improvement per IMACS DOI was 56.0% for the abatacept group and 42.5% for the placebo group (p=0.083); at 52 weeks, improvement was 69.8% (continued abatacept) and 69.0% (placebo‐to‐abatacept switch). IMACS DOI rate at 24 weeks was greater in the non‐dermatomyositis (DM) group (abatacept: 57.1%; placebo: 32.3%; p=0.040) than the DM group (abatacept: 55.0%; placebo: 50.0%; p=0.679). The observed safety profile was similar in both groups. Conclusion The proportion of patients who met improvement criteria after 24 weeks was similar between abatacept and placebo groups. However, analysis by IIM subtype suggested there may be sustained benefit of SC abatacept for patients with non‐DM subtypes.
Incidence, risk factors, and diagnostic delays of hepatitis B among migrants in Denmark: A matched cohort study
Authors: Farah Seedat, Anna Deal, Jessica Carter, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Nina Weis, Kenneth Kabagambe, Maria Wessmann, Philippa Matthews, Jon S Friedland, Sally Hargreaves, Marie Norredam
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Consumption of low-calorie sweetened products and trends in intakes of free sugar, energy, and water among UK adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mathuramat Seesen, Kiara Chang, Jennie C Parnham, Anthony A Laverty, Christopher Millett, Fernanda Rauber, Renata B Levy, Edward W Gregg, Eszter P Vamos
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Health visiting in the first year of life in England: a longitudinal analysis of linked administrative data (Community Services Dataset) 2016–20
Authors: Catherine Bunting, Amanda Clery, Louise Mc Grath Lone, Mengyun Liu, Sally Kendall, H Bedford, Francesca Cavallaro, Eirini-Christina Saloniki, Katie Harron, Jenny Woodman
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practices of General Practitioners, General Practitioner trainees and General Practice Nurses in Ireland: a cross sectional cohort survey
Authors: Denise McGuinness, Kate Frazer, Sarah Brennan, Nancy Bhardwaj, Paula Cornally, Siobhan Ni Mhurchu, Marie Canwell, Anne Pardy, Laura McHugh, Walter Cullen, Niamh Vickers
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Exploring the association between mental health and extreme weather events related to climate change: a scoping review
Authors: Masuma Pervin Mishu, MM Golam Rabbani, Silke Vereeken, Jackie Martin-Kerry, Tahzir Faiaz Chowdhury, Abrar Wahab, Saidur Rahman Mashreky, Rumana Huque, Richard Friend
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Treatment of CNS systemic lupus erythematosus with CD19 CAR T cells
Authors: Melanie Hagen, Fabian Müller, Andreas Wirsching, Soraya Kharboutli, Silvia Spörl, Michael Aigner, Simon Völkl, Birgit Köhler, Arnd Dörfler, Ricardo Grieshaber-Bouyer, Andreas Mackensen, Georg Schett
Journal: The Lancet (2024)
Monkeypox virus isolation from longitudinal samples in 11 hospitalised patients
Authors: Helen Callaby, Janie Olver, Kirsty Emery, Kevin S Richards, Marian Killip, Natalie Groves, Mike B J Beadsworth, D Ashley Price, Graham S Cooke, Paul Collini, Joby Cole, Jake Dunning, Malcolm G Semple, J Kenneth Baillie, Tommy Rampling, Catherine F Houlihan
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)