tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of first‐line sintilimab plus anlotinib versus chemotherapy for metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer: a phase II, open‐label, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tianqing Chu, Hua Zhong, Zhuang Yu, Jing Wang, Yanqiu Zhao, Xiaoqian Mu, Xinmin Yu, Xun Shi, Qingming Shi, Maojing Guan, Cuimin Ding, Nan Geng, Jialin Qian, Baohui Han
Journal: Cancer Communications (2025)

Abstract Background The prognosis for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with standard platinum‐based chemotherapy was suboptimal, with safety concerns. Following encouraging results from a preliminary phase I study, this phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of first‐line sintilimab and anlotinib in metastatic NSCLC. Methods In this open‐label, randomized controlled trial (NCT04124731), metastatic NSCLC without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), or proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase ROS (ROS1) mutations, and previous treatments for metastatic disease were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either sintilimab (200 mg every 3 weeks) plus anlotinib (12 mg D1‐14 every 3 weeks) or a standard platinum‐based chemotherapy regimen. Patients in the chemotherapy group were permitted to switch to sintilimab after disease progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Results From November 2019 to March 2023, 99 patients were randomized into the sintilimab plus anlotinib group ( n = 49) and the chemotherapy group ( n = 50). The ORR was significantly higher in the sintilimab plus anlotinib group (44.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 30.7%‐59.8%) compared to the chemotherapy group (18.0%; 95% CI = 8.6%‐31.4%, P = 0.003). Progression‐free survival (PFS) was also notably longer (median: 14.4 vs. 5.6 months; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.39; 95% CI = 0.23‐0.67; P &lt; 0.001). The 24‐month overall survival rate was 58.4% (95% CI = 40.4%‐72.6%) and 43.2% (95% CI = 26.0%‐59.2%), respectively. The rate of grade 3 or higher treatment‐related adverse events was lower in the sintilimab plus anlotinib group (28.0%) than in the chemotherapy group (49.0%), especially for the hematological toxicities. Conclusion First‐line sintilimab plus anlotinib showed improved ORR and PFS, alongside a superior safety profile, compared to the standard platinum‐based chemotherapy for metastatic NSCLC patients.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 variants with complementary surveillance systems: risk evaluation of the Omicron JN.1 variant in France, August 2023 to January 2024
Authors: Adriana Traore, Kelly Charniga, Sophie Grellet, Garance Terpant, Héléna Da Cruz, Anais Lamy, Nathalie Thomas, Gwladys Gbaguidi, Alizé Mercier, Julie Prudhomme, Benoit Visseaux, Vincent Vieillefond, Stéphanie Haim-Boukobza, Jean-Marc Giannoli, Javier Castro-Alvarez, Alain-Claude Kouamen, Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti, Samar Beirrera-Ibraim, Gregory Destras, Laurence Josset, Simon Cauchemez, Bruno Lina, Bruno Coignard, Justine Schaeffer, Vincent Enouf, Antonin Bal
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

Background Early detection and characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 variants have been and continue to be essential for assessing their public health impact. In August 2023, Santé publique France implemented enhanced surveillance for BA.2.86 and sub-lineage JN.1 because of their genetic divergence from other variants and increased prevalence. Aim To detail how combining epidemiological and laboratory data sources, targeted investigations and modelling enabled comprehensive characterisation of sub-lineage JN.1. Methods Data were collected from epidemiological investigations using a standardised questionnaire and from routine and novel (RELAB network) surveillance systems. JN.1 cases were compared with cases infected with previously circulating variants, such as EG.5, BA.4/BA.5 and other BA.2.86 sub-lineages. The growth rate and doubling time of JN.1 were estimated. Results JN.1 was first detected in September 2023 in the Île-de-France region, France, and spread widely across the country. By late November, doubling time was estimated to be 8.6 to 26.4 days depending on the region. For all data sources, cases infected by JN.1 showed similar demographics, rates of hospitalisation and RT-PCR cycle threshold values compared with those infected by previous variants. JN.1 cases also had older median age (54 years; 40–71 vs 47 years; 30–59), more frequent reports of feverish feeling and less frequent cough or nausea compared with BA.4/BA.5 cases. JN.1 cases had significantly higher frequency of anosmia compared with other BA.2.86 cases. Conclusion Combining different data sources played a key role in detecting emerging variant JN.1, for which no evidence of increased public health impact was found despite its genetic divergence.
Emerging Violet Phosphorus Nanomaterial for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Yijun Mei, Yuanyuan Cao, Wei Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Violet phosphorus (VP) is a phosphorus allotrope first discovered by Hittorf in 1865, which has aroused more attention in the biomedical field in recent years attributed to its gradually discovered unique properties. VP can be further categorized into bulk VP, VP nanosheets (VPNs), and VP quantum dots (VPQDs), and chemical vapor transport (CVT), liquid‐phase/mechanical/laser exfoliation, and solvothermal synthesis are the common preparation approaches of bulk VP, VPNs, and VPQDs, respectively. Compared with another phosphorus allotrope (black phosphorus, BP) that is once highly regarded in biomedical applications, VP nanomaterial (namely VPNs and VPQDs) not only exhibits tunable bandgap, moderate on/off current ratio, and good biodegradability, but shows enhanced stability and biosafety as well, allowing it to be a promising candidate for a variety of biomedical applications like antibacterial therapy, anticancer therapy, and biosensing and disease diagnosis. In this review, the classification and the relevant synthesis routes of VP are initially summarized, and the unique properties of VP nanomaterial momentous to its biomedical applications are subsequently expounded. The latest research advances of this emerging nanomaterial in the biomedical field are then introduced in detail, and both the existing challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
Pilot study of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in hospitals, Italy, September to December 2022
Authors: Patrizia Spigaglia, Fabrizio Barbanti, Enrico Maria Criscuolo, Fortunato D’Ancona
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a severe infection that needs to be monitored. This infection predominantly occurs in hospitalised patients after antimicrobial treatment, with high mortality in elderly patients. Aim We aimed at estimating the incidence of CDI in Italian hospitals over 4 months in 2022. Methods We estimated incidences of hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI), community or unknown CDI (CA/UA-CDI), recurrent CDI and overall CDI in 25 Italian hospitals, characterised C. difficile isolates using PCR ribotyping, analysed them for toxin genes and susceptibility to antimicrobials. Results Clostridioides difficile was detected in 9.7% (655/6,722) of samples from 550 patients, 18 patients died of CDI. The mean overall CDI incidence was 5.0 cases per 10,000 patient days (range: 0.7–11.9). For HA-CDI, mean incidence was 3.7 (range: 0.7–9.2), for CA/UA-CDI 0.8 (range: 0.0–3.2) and for recurrent CDI 0.5 (range: 0.0–3.4). Most patients were female (n = 295; 53.6%), aged ≥ 65 years (n = 422; 76.7%) and previously hospitalised (n = 275; 50.0%). Of the 270 culturable isolates, 267 (98.9%) had toxin A and B genes and 51 (18.9%) the binary toxin genes. Of the 55 PCR ribotypes (RTs) identified, RT 018 (n = 56; 20.7%) and RT 607 (n = 23; 8.5%) were the most common, RT 607 in the northern (p &lt; 0.0001) and RT 018 in the central (p &lt; 0.0001) regions of Italy. Most isolates (n = 158; 58.5%) were antimicrobial-resistant and 119 (44.1%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusion Highly virulent and MDR C. difficile types are circulating in Italian hospitals which highlights the need of robust surveillance and stringent prevention and control measures.
Nationwide population-based infection- and vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in Germany in autumn/winter 2021/2022
Authors: Elisabetta Mercuri, Lorenz Schmid, Christina Poethko-Müller, Martin Schlaud, Cânâ Kußmaul, Ana Ordonez-Cruickshank, Sebastian Haller, Ute Rexroth, Osamah Hamouda, Lars Schaade, Lothar H Wieler, Antje Gößwald, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

Background The first Corona Monitoring Nationwide (RKI-SOEP) study (October 2020−February 2021) found a low pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence (2.1%) in the German adult population (≥ 18 years). Aim The objective of this second RKI-SOEP (RKI-SOEP-2) study in November 2021−March 2022 was to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-spike and/or anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG antibodies (combined seroprevalence), past infection based on infection-induced seroprevalence (anti-N), and basic immunisation (at least two antigen contacts through vaccination or infection) in individuals aged ≥ 14 years. We also aimed to estimate under-reporting of infections. Methods Dried blood-spot specimens from a population-based sample embedded in a dynamic cohort, the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), were serologically analysed. Resulting serological data and self-reports via a questionnaire from the same individuals were used to estimate prevalences. Results Combined seroprevalence was 90.7% (95% CI: 89.7%–91.6%) without correction and 94.6% (95% CI: 93.6%–95.7%) with correction for sensitivity/specificity and antibody waning. While one in nine individuals had been infected (11.3%; 95% CI: 9.1%–13.5%), nine in 10 had a basic immunisation (90%; 95% CI: 88.9–90.9%), primarily due to vaccination. Population-weighted estimates differed by age, region, and socioeconomic deprivation. The under-reporting factor was estimated as 1.55 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8). Conclusions When the SARS-CoV-2-Omicron wave was beginning, most people had been vaccinated, infected, or both. Large-scale vaccination, but not a high infection rate, was able to fill the immunity gap, especially in ≥ 65 year-olds who are known to be at higher risk of severe COVID-19. Our data point towards the need for targeted socioeconomically, demographically and regionally stratified mitigation strategies, including measures to enhance vaccine uptake.
Neonatal acute liver failure cases with echovirus 11 infections, Japan, August to November 2024
Authors: Tatsuki Ikuse, Toshihiro Matsui, Kensuke Shoji, Naoko Kono, Masaki Yamada, Chikara Ogimi, Chika Takahashi, Takanori Funaki, Kentaro Ide, Shotaro Matsumoto, Reiko Ito, Rinshu Shimabukuro, Yoshihiro Gocho, Itaru Hayakawa, Takashi Ishikawa, Seisuke Sakamoto, Mureo Kasahara, Takashi Igarashi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

In 2022–23, several European countries reported paediatric acute liver failure (ALF) with enterovirus infection. In August–November 2024, three neonatal cases of ALF with echovirus 11 (E11) were reported in Tokyo, Japan. All neonates developed irreversible multiple-organ failure and died. The E11 strain belonged to the new lineage 1, which was the same as strains isolated from neonatal ALF cases in Europe in 2022–23.
Functional Hydrogel Interfaces for Cartilage and Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yucheng Cao, Changyi Liu, Wenjun Ye, Tianrui Zhao, Fanfan Fu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Effective treatment of bone diseases is quite tricky due to the unique nature of bone tissue and the complexity of the bone repair process. In combination with biological materials, cells and biological factors can provide a highly effective and safe treatment strategy for bone repair and regeneration, especially based on these multifunctional hydrogel interface materials. However, itis still a challenge to formulate hydrogel materials with fascinating properties (e.g., biological activity, controllable biodegradability, mechanical strength, excellent cell/tissue adhesion, and controllable release properties) for their clinical applications in complex bone repair processes. In this review, we will highlight recent advances in developing functional interface hydrogels. We then discuss the barriers to producing of functional hydrogel materials without sacrificing their inherent properties, and potential applications in cartilage and bone repair are discussed. Multifunctional hydrogel interface materials can serve as a fundamental building block for bone tissue engineering.
A pan‐tumor review of the role of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors
Authors: Chadi Hage Chehade, Georges Gebrael, Nicolas Sayegh, Zeynep Irem Ozay, Arshit Narang, Tony Crispino, Talia Golan, Jennifer K. Litton, Umang Swami, Kathleen N. Moore, Neeraj Agarwal
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2025)

Abstract Poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as olaparib, talazoparib, rucaparib, and niraparib, comprise a therapeutic class that targets PARP proteins involved in DNA repair. Cancer cells with homologous recombination repair defects, particularly BRCA alterations, display enhanced sensitivity to these agents because of synthetic lethality induced by PARP inhibitors. These agents have significantly improved survival outcomes across various malignancies, initially gaining regulatory approval in ovarian cancer and subsequently in breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers in different indications. This review offers a comprehensive clinical overview of PARP inhibitor approvals, emphasizing their efficacy across different cancers based on landmark phase 3 clinical trials.
Arterial NALCN Knock-Down Ameliorates Mineralocorticoid-Induced Hypertension and Arterial Over-Contractility
Authors: Hyeryeong Lee, Solah Park, Dong Jun Sung, Jin Ryeol An, Mi Seon Seo, Hyun Ju Noh, Jueng Soo You, Sung Hea Kim, Hana Cho, Bokyung Kim, Sang Woong Park, Young Min Bae
Journal: Circulation Research (2025)
C-reactive protein testing in primary care and antibiotic use in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Kyrgyzstan: an open-label, individually randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Elvira Isaeva, Joakim Bloch, Azamat Akylbekov, Robert L Skov, Anja Poulsen, Jørgen A L Kurtzhals, Susanne Reventlow, Nandini Sreenivasan, Maamed Mademilov, Volkert D Siersma, Talant Sooronbaev, Jesper Kjærgaard, Rune M Aabenhus
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
RNA modifications in cancer
Authors: Han Wu, Shi Chen, Xiang Li, Yuyang Li, He Shi, Yiwen Qing, Bohe Shi, Yifei Tang, Zhuoyi Yan, Yang Hao, Dongxu Wang, Weiwei Liu
Journal: MedComm (2025)

Abstract RNA modifications are emerging as critical cancer regulators that influence tumorigenesis and progression. Key modifications, such as N6‐methyladenosine (m 6 A) and 5‐methylcytosine (m 5 C), are implicated in various cellular processes. These modifications are regulated by proteins that write, erase, and read RNA and modulate RNA stability, splicing, translation, and degradation. Recent studies have highlighted their roles in metabolic reprogramming, signaling pathways, and cell cycle control, which are essential for tumor proliferation and survival. Despite these scientific advances, the precise mechanisms by which RNA modifications affect cancer remain inadequately understood. This review comprehensively examines the role RNA modifications play in cancer proliferation, metastasis, and programmed cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. It explores their effects on epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the immune microenvironment, particularly in cancer metastasis. Furthermore, RNA modifications’ potential in cancer therapies, including conventional treatments, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies, is discussed. By addressing these aspects, this review aims to bridge current research gaps and underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting RNA modifications to improve cancer treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Three‐Level Nanoparticle Rocket Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics in Photothermal Therapy, Inflammation Modulation, and Cuproptosis Induction
Authors: Wenting Shang, Xueer Xia, Yuting Zhu, Qianyun Chen, Xi Rao, Ling Huang, Yingfeng Tu, Hao Chen, Hongxia Tian, Meiyin Lin, Yue Zheng, Bin Liu, Zhou Li, Shuai Han, Jianhua Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Disturbances in intracellular copper (Cu) homeostasis can trigger cuproptosis, a new form of cell death, which, when combined with photothermal therapy (PTT), offers a promising solution to the persistent challenges in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. In this study, a “three‐level nanoparticle rocket” strategy is developed by engineering Cu 5.4 O, a multifunctional Cu‐based nanoenzyme that is photothermal and has electron transfer properties and antioxidant efficiency. Cu 5.4 O effectively remodels the inflammatory environment by scavenging reactive oxygen species, thereby overcoming the traditional limitations of PTT. Concurrently, Cu 5.4 O releases substantial amounts of Cu + into malignant cells, disrupting Cu homeostasis, inducing cuproptosis, and ultimately inhibiting tumor progression. In vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that Cu 5.4 O operates through multiple successive and interlocking stages to significantly eradicate tumors, prevent relapse, and prolong survival. This study provides profound insights into the synergistic effects of PTT, inflammatory regulation, and cuproptosis within the complex tumor microenvironment, presenting innovative approaches for future CRC therapy.
Serum sodium to chloride ratio and mortality on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Jiayin You, Sijie Gu, Ning Su, Xiaoran Feng, Fenfen Peng, Qingdong Xu, Xiaojiang Zhan, Yueqiang Wen, Xiaoyang Wang, Na Tian, Xianfeng Wu, Niansong Wang
Journal: MedComm (2025)

Abstract An imbalance in the serum sodium to chloride ratio (Na/Cl) was linked to higher mortality among heart failure patients. Nonetheless, the prognostic significance of Na/Cl in individuals undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) remains unexplored. This study seeks to explore the association between initial Na/Cl levels and mortality in PD patients. The study, conducted across multiple centers, included 3341 patients undergoing PD from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2021. Patients were stratified into quartiles according to baseline Na/Cl and followed up for a median of 5.77 years. To explore the association between Na/Cl levels and mortality, we employed Cox proportional hazards models, competing risks models, and restricted cubic spline analysis. Of 3341 patients, 722 patients died, including 259 cardiovascular deaths. Following adjustments for comorbidities and multiple covariates, individuals in the highest Na/Cl quartile (&gt;1.42) exhibited lower all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.86) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22–0.67) compared with those in the lowest quartile (&lt;1.33). A similar pattern was also found when Na/Cl was dealt with continuous variables. Initial levels of Na/Cl at the start of PD were negatively correlated with all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in PD patients.
Ultrasound‐Triggered Oxygen Release System for Accelerating Wound Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Deli Zhuge, Siting Yang, Xiehua Pan, Yingnan Xiao, Xinji Wang, Wenqian Wang, Wenli Gao, Ailing Lu, Binbin Shi, Bin Chen, Yingzheng Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a common complication of chronic diabetes mellitus. Oxygen plays a critical role in the healing process of DFU wounds by promoting cell migration and neovascularization. However, clinical hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy predominantly uses systemic oxygen administration, posing challenges in inadequate DFU local oxygen penetration and potential ectopic organs oxygen toxicity. To address these challenges, a strategy to encapsulate oxygen with lipid microbubbles (OMBs) and incorporate them into a body temperature-sensitive heparin-pluronic copolymer hydrogel (HP/OMBs) have been developed. HP/OMBs showed high biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. After in situ administration, oxygen can be released from HP/OMBs to the local deep site of the DFU wounds under ultrasound (US) triggering. Thus, given its biocompatibility and practicality, the combined action of HP/OMBs and the US has important translational value in accelerating diabetic chronic wound healing.
Biomimetic Diselenide‐Sonosensitizer Nanoplatform for Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy and In Situ Remodeling Immunosuppressive Microenvironment via Activating Innate and Adaptive Immunotherapy
Authors: Yifan Xue, Qingliang Wang, You Chen, Xiaoge Zhang, Junjie Tang, Yadong Liu, Jie Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which is non-invasive and controllable has the potential to treat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the hypoxia and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often block the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of SDT-activated immunogenic cell death, thus limiting the activation of adaptive immune responses. To alleviate these challenges, we proposed the development of a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform (mTSeIR), which was designed with diselenide-conjugated sonosensitizers and tirapazamine (TPZ), encapsulated within M1 macrophage membrane. This nanoplatform utilized hypoxia-induced chemotherapy to improve the efficacy of SDT, to further enhance adaptive immunotherapy by activating innate immunity and remodeling the immunosuppressive TME. Firstly, the prodrug TPZ was activated due to the increased oxygen consumption associated with SDT. Subsequently, the mTSeIR enhanced repolarization of M2 macrophages to the M1 phenotype. The diselenide component in mTSeIR effectively activated the natural killer cell-mediated antitumor innate immune response. Ultimately, in vivo studies indicated that mTSeIR+US with good biosafety achieved over 98% tumor inhibition and enhanced adaptive immunotherapy. This research presents an efficient approach that addressed the limitations of SDT and achieves simultaneous activation of both innate and adaptive immunotherapy, resulting in significant antitumor and anti-metastatic efficacy in TNBC.
A Smart mRNA‐Initiated Theranostic Multi‐shRNA Nanofactory for Precise and Efficient Cancer Gene Therapy
Authors: Ming Shi, Yifang He, Xiaohong Zhong, Huakui Huang, Jing Hua, Shulong Wang, Jiayao Xu, Shulin Zhao, Hong Liang, Yong Huang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Despite the significant potential of short hairpin RNA (shRNA)‐mediated gene therapy for various diseases, the clinical success of cancer treatment remains poor, partly because of low selectivity and low efficiency. In this study, an mRNA‐initiated autonomous multi‐shRNA nanofactory (RNF@CM) is designed for in vivo amplification imaging and precise cancer treatment. The RNF@CM consists of a gold nanoparticle core, an interlayer of two types of three‐stranded DNA/RNA hybrid probes, one of which is bound to aptamer‐inhibited DNA polymerases, and an outer layer of the cancer cell membrane. After the specific delivery of RNF@CM into target cancer cells, an intracellular tumour‐related mRNA target can initiate the RNF@CM with a circular strand‐displacement polymerisation reaction, resulting in the release of significantly amplified fluorescence and continuous production of three types of shRNAs. The RNF@CM effectively distinguished cancer cells from normal cells, exclusively produced multiple shRNAs in response to a specific mRNA target in cancer cells, accurately diagnosed tumours in vivo, and significantly inhibited tumour growth with negligible toxicity, expanding the toolbox for on‐demand gene delivery and precision theranostics.