tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the KCa2 potassium channel in atrial fibrillation: a randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Anders G. Holst, János Tomcsányi, Birgitte Vestbjerg, Morten Grunnet, Ulrik S. Sørensen, Jonas G. Diness, Bo H. Bentzen, Nils Edvardsson, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Deepak L. Bhatt, Paul Dorian
Journal: Nature Medicine (2023)

Abstract Existing antiarrhythmic drugs to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) have incomplete efficacy, contraindications and adverse effects, including proarrhythmia. AP30663, an inhibitor of the K Ca 2 channel, has demonstrated AF efficacy in animals; however, its efficacy in humans with AF is unknown. Here we conducted a phase 2 trial in which patients with a current episode of AF lasting for 7 days or less were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of 3 or 5 mg kg −1 AP30663 or placebo. The trial was prematurely discontinued because of slow enrollment during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The primary endpoint of the trial was cardioversion from AF to sinus rhythm within 90 min from the start of the infusion, analyzed with Bayesian statistics. Among 59 patients randomized and included in the efficacy analyses, the primary endpoint occurred in 42% (5 of 12), 55% (12 of 22) and 0% (0 of 25) of patients treated with 3 mg kg −1 AP30663, 5 mg kg −1 AP30663 or placebo, respectively. Both doses demonstrated more than 99.9% probability of superiority over placebo, surpassing the prespecified 95% threshold. The mean time to cardioversion, a secondary endpoint, was 47 (s.d. = 23) and 41 (s.d. = 24) minutes for 3 mg kg −1 and 5 mg kg −1 AP30663, respectively. AP30663 caused a transient increase in the QTcF interval, with a maximum mean effect of 37.7 ms for the 5 mg kg −1 dose. For both dose groups, no ventricular arrhythmias occurred and adverse event rates were comparable to the placebo group. AP30663 demonstrated AF cardioversion efficacy in patients with recent-onset AF episodes. K Ca 2 channel inhibition may be an attractive mechanism for rhythm control of AF that should be studied further in randomized trials. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04571385 .
Cognitive functioning in older transgender individuals receiving long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy
Authors: Jason O. van Heesewijk, Koen M. A. Dreijerink, Chantal M. Wiepjes, Almar A. L. Kok, Gert J. Geurtsen, Natasja M. van Schoor, Martijn Huisman, Martin den Heijer, Baudewijntje P. C. Kreukels
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2023)

Cognitive functioning can be negatively influenced by age, cardiovascular risk (CVR) and mental health challenges, and sex-hormones can have neuroprotective effects. Little is known about cognitive functioning in older transgender individuals receiving long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy (GHT). In a previous, smaller study, cognitive differences between transgender women and cisgender groups were minimal yet statistically significant. This study assessed cognitive differences between larger samples of older transgender and cisgender individuals, and the contribution of CVR and mental/social health to these differences. This cross-sectional study compared 73 transgender women and 39 transgender men (56-84 y) receiving long-term GHT (10-47 y) with matched (age; education level) cisgender women and men from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam on cognitive functioning assessed with neuropsychological tests. Mean z-scores per cognitive domain were calculated and analyzed using linear regression. Models were subsequently adjusted for CVR ((history of) cardiovascular disease; smoking) and mental/social health (anxiety; loneliness) factors. Transgender women had lower scores than cisgender women and men, respectively, on information-processing speed (b = -0.62, 95% CI -0.90 to -0.35; b = -0.33, 95%CI -0.60 to -0.05), episodic memory (b = -1.28, 95%CI -1.53 to -1.04; b = -0.77, 95%CI -1.01 to -0.52), and crystallized intelligence (b = -0.42, 95%CI -0.75 to -0.10; b = -0.41, 95%CI -0.75 to -0.08). Transgender men scored lower on episodic memory than cisgender women but scored equal to cisgender men (b = -0.43, 95%CI -0.79 to -0.08; b = -0.01, 95%CI -0.36 to 0.35). Mental/social health factors (particularly depressive symptoms) largely, and CVR factors slightly, explained cognitive differences between the trans- and cisgender groups. Small cognitive differences between transgender men and cisgender groups do not suggest adverse or beneficial long-term testosterone effects on cognitive functioning. However, transgender women had lower cognitive functioning than cisgender groups, which was largely explained by mental/social health. This warrants further research and clinical awareness of mental and cognitive health in older transgender individuals.
Medical Students’ Perspectives on Family Planning and Impact on Specialty Choice
Authors: Ebernella Shirin Dason, Madalina Maxim, Dionne Gesink, Michelle Yee, Crystal Chan, Nancy N. Baxter, Heather Shapiro, Andrea N. Simpson
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Importance Physicians are known to delay childbearing compared with nonphysicians and to experience higher rates of age-related pregnancy complications. Delay of childbearing is more pronounced in surgical specialties, and family planning and building goals may influence specialty choice. Objective To assess medical students’ perspectives on the development of family planning goals and the timing of family building within a medical career to elucidate how these perceptions impact their choice of specialty. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study included fourth-year medical students at the University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and was conducted between May and August 2021. Participants were purposively sampled to maximize diversity of gender and specialty choice. Interviews were conducted via videoconferencing software that were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and verified for accuracy. Thematic analysis was completed independently by 2 researchers and consensus on final themes was reached through discussion among study investigators. Data were analyzed between September and December 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants were asked to share their perceptions of personal family planning goals, support currently in place, family planning education in medicine and factors contributing to their choice of specialty and program. Thematic analysis was completed. Results A total of 34 fourth-year medical students (median [range] age, 26 [24-33] years; 23 females [67.6%]) were interviewed. Four main themes were identified: (1) there is no ideal time to family build in a medical career, (2) family planning is a taboo topic, (3) surgical specialties offer less support for family building, and (4) residents who have children are perceived to place a burden on their colleagues. Medical students considered their family planning while deliberating among specialty choices and their experiences were highly influential in shaping their specialty selection. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this qualitative study suggest that medical students perceive that family building during training may have unfavorable implications for team dynamics and relationships with colleagues, and these perceptions may affect specialty choice and family planning goals. Integration of family planning discussions and support for family building into medical curricula is needed along with efforts to improve culture by supporting team dynamics and workload when students take parental leave.
Maternal Migration Background and Mortality Among Infants Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Joaquim Vidiella-Martin, Jasper V. Been
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance Extremely preterm infants require care provided in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to survive. In the Netherlands, a decision is made regarding active treatment between 24 weeks 0 days and 25 weeks 6 days after consultation with the parents. Objective To investigate the association between maternal migration background and admissions to NICUs and mortality within the first year among extremely preterm infants. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study linked data of registered births in the Netherlands with household-level income tax records and municipality and mortality registers. Eligible participants were households with live births at 24 weeks 0 days to 25 weeks 6 days gestation between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017. Data linkage and analysis was performed from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2023. Exposure Maternal migration background, defined as no migration background vs first- or second-generation migrant mother. Main Outcomes and Measures Admissions to NICUs and mortality within the first week, month, and year of life. Logistic regressions were estimated adjusted for year of birth, maternal age, parity, household income, sex, gestational age, multiple births, and small for gestational age. NICU-specific fixed effects were also included. Results Among 1405 live births (768 male [54.7%], 546 [38.9%] with maternal migration background), 1243 (88.5%) were admitted to the NICU; 490 of 546 infants (89.7%) born to mothers with a migration background vs 753 of 859 infants (87.7%) born to mothers with no migration background were admitted to NICU (fully adjusted RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.99-1.08). A total of 652 live-born infants (46.4%) died within the first year of life. In the fully adjusted model, infants born to mothers with a migration background had lower risk of mortality within the first week (RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.66-0.99), month (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.97), and year of life (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96) compared with infants born to mothers with no migration background. Conclusions In this nationally representative cross-sectional study, infants born to mothers with a migration background at 24 weeks 0 days to 25 weeks 6 days of gestation in the Netherlands had lower risk of mortality within the first year of life than those born to mothers with no migration background, a result that was unlikely to be explained by mothers from different migration backgrounds attending different NICUs or differential preferences for active obstetric management across migration backgrounds. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities, including parental preferences for active care of extremely preterm infants.
Phasing Out Fossil Fuels Could Reduce Millions of Excess Deaths
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
I help children explore the connection to nature that saved my life
Authors: Joe Harkness
Journal: BMJ (2023)

I help children explore the connection to nature that saved my life Joe Harkness shares how his love of birdwatching helped his mental health and how his work encourages children to embrace the natural world Joe Harkness special educational needs teacherAfter a mental health crisis, birdwatching was the self-care that enabled me to find some stability.Nature is still fundamental to my recovery-it distracts me from my anxieties, connects me to the present, and helps me to understand my place in the world.The mental health charity Mind and the New Economics Foundation thinktank outline five ways to bolster mental wellbeing: be active, take notice, learn, connect, and give. 1 Birdwatching incorporates all five.
Life Expectancy in US Climbed After Declines Related to COVID-19
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Supporting First-Generation Medical Students—Improving Learning Environments for All
Authors: Jean-Marie Alves-Bradford
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Catherine Havemann, MD; Hyacinth R. C. Mason, PhD, MPH; Regina G. Russell, PhD, MA, MEd; Alejandra Casillas, MD, MSHS; Mytien Nguyen, MSc; Dowin Boatright, MD, MBA, MHS; Alexis Webber, MD, MS; Jon Andre Parilla, MPH; Abraham Gallegos, MD, MS; Tasha R. Wyatt, PhD
All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among Individuals With Hypochondriasis
Authors: David Mataix-Cols, Kayoko Isomura, Anna Sidorchuk, Daniel Rautio, Volen Z. Ivanov, Christian Rück, Susanna Österman, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Zheng Chang, Isabell Brickell, Erik Hedman-Lagerlöf, Lorena Fernández de la Cruz
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2023)

Hypochondriasis, also known as health anxiety disorder, is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent preoccupation about having serious and progressive physical disorders. The risk of mortality among individuals with hypochondriasis is unknown.
Abortions Rose in 2020 Despite Prior Downward Trend
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fertility, Family, and a Career in Surgery—Time to Change the Narrative
Authors: J. Elaine Tang, Melina C. Vassiliou, Liane S. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

Medical training usually falls within the window of optimal fertility for most trainees.1 Operating within the rigid confines of residency programs, the perceived realities of family planning can strongly bias medical students when making career choices about specialties.
Challenges Facing First-Generation College Graduates in Medical School
Authors: Catherine Havemann, Hyacinth R. C. Mason, Regina G. Russell, Alejandra Casillas, Mytien Nguyen, Dowin Boatright, Alexis Webber, Jon Andre Parrilla, Abraham Gallegos, Tasha R. Wyatt
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

Importance First-generation (FG) medical students remain underrepresented in medicine despite ongoing national efforts to increase diversity; understanding the challenges faced by this student population is essential to building holistic policies, practices, and learning environments that promote professional actualization. Although FG students have been extensively studied in the undergraduate literature, there is little research investigating how FG students experience medical education or opportunities for educators to intervene. Objective To explore challenges that FG students experience in undergraduate medical education and identify opportunities to improve foundational FG support. Design, Setting, and Participants This qualitative study was conducted using an online platform with 37 FG students enrolled in 27 US medical schools. An interprofessional team of medical educators and trainees conducted semistructured interviews from November 2021 through April 2022. Participants were recruited using a medical student listserv. Data were analyzed from April to November 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures After conducting a preliminary analysis using open coding, a codebook was created and used in a thematic analysis; the codebook used a combination of deductive and inductive coding. Results Among the 37 students recruited for this study, 21 (56.8%) were female; 23 (62.2%) were in the clinical phase of training; 1 (2.7%) was American Indian or Alaska Native, 7 (18.9%) were Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin, 8 (21.6%) were non-Hispanic Asian or Asian American, 9 (24.3%) were non-Hispanic Black or African American, and 23 (32.4%) were non-Hispanic White; mean (SD) age was 27.3 (2.8) years. Participants described 4 major themes: (1) isolation and exclusion related to being a newcomer to medicine; (2) difficulty with access to basic resources (eg, food, rent, transportation) as well as educational (eg, books); (3) overall lack of faculty or institutional support to address these challenges; and (4) a sense of needing to rely on grit and resilience to survive. Conclusions and Relevance Although grit and resilience are desirable traits, results of this study suggest that FG medical students face increased adversity with inadequate institutional support, which forces them to excessively rely on grit and resilience as survival (rather than educational) strategies. By applying the holistic model often used in admissions to the postmatriculation educational process, targeted and flexible initiatives can be created for FG students so that all students, regardless of background, can achieve robust professional actualization.
Sterile vs Nonsterile Gloves for the Repair of Wounds and Lacerations
Authors: Yaser Hamam, Hadeel Ayesh, Diya Asad, Majdeddin MohammedAli, Nour Dalloul, Sondos Al-Madhoun, Loai Albarqouni
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2023)

This systematic review and meta-analysis discusses use of sterile vs nonsterile gloves for the repair of wounds and lacerations.
Association of COVID-19 Intensity With Burnout and Perceptions of Residency Preparedness Among Medical Students
Authors: Liselotte N. Dyrbye, Danielle Brushaber, Colin P. West
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This cross-sectional study of US medical students assesses the association of COVID-19 intensity in the clinical learning environment with student burnout and perceptions regarding residency preparedness.
WHO: Surge in Respiratory Infections in China Not Due to New Pathogens
Authors: Emily Harris
Journal: JAMA (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Newborn Girl Presenting With Erythema and Blisters
Authors: Jiayue Wang, Jiaosheng Xu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2023)

A female child presents for 3-year follow-up with erythema, vesicles, and bullae present since birth and an increasing number of annular hyperkeratotic plaques and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. What is your diagnosis?
Past-Year Use Prevalence of Cannabidiol, Cannabigerol, Cannabinol, and Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabinol Among US Adults
Authors: Adrianne R. Wilson-Poe, Tristin Smith, Michael R. Elliott, Daniel J. Kruger, Kevin F. Boehnke
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2023)

This survey study characterizes past-year use prevalence and factors associated with use of cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabinol, and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol among US adults.