tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue mass of the anterior upper arm
Authors: Tun Hing Lui, Amanda Mun Yee Slocum, Charles Churk Hang Li, Yuen Ting Leung
Journal: BMJ (2025)

A man in his 30s presented with right anterior elbow pain after colliding with an opponent with his elbow in flexed position while playing basketball eight days previously. At the time of the collision he heard a pop. After the injury he noticed difficulty lifting heavy objects, turning a doorknob, opening bottles, or using a screwdriver, and he noticed a bulge on the arm. He did not seek medical care, however, because the pain began to improve. He reported no smoking or relevant medical history. He did not report any recent use of medications, including antibiotics and steroids. On clinical examination, there was no bruising. Right elbow flexion and forearm supination strength were reduced, while elbow extension and forearm pronation strength were preserved. He had a soft tissue mass at the proximal part of the anterior arm (fig 1). The Hook test and the Ruland biceps squeeze test were performed. The right distal biceps tendon could not be hooked during the hook test and his right forearm did not supinate by the Ruland biceps squeeze test. Fig 1
Graph pangenome reveals the regulation of malate content in blood-fleshed peach by NAC transcription factors
Authors: Wenbo Chen, Qi Xie, Jia Fu, Shaojia Li, Yanna Shi, Jiao Lu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yingjie Zhao, Ruijuan Ma, Baijun Li, Bo Zhang, Donald Grierson, Mingliang Yu, Zhangjun Fei, Kunsong Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2025)

Abstract Background Fruit acidity and color are important quality attributes in peaches. Although there are some exceptions, blood-fleshed peaches typically have a sour taste. However, little is known about the genetic variations linking organic acid and color regulation in peaches. Results Here, we report a peach graph-based pangenome constructed from sixteen individual genome assemblies, capturing abundant structural variations and 82.3 Mb of sequences absent in the reference genome. Pangenome analysis reveals a long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion in the promoter of the NAC transcription factor (TF) PpBL in blood-fleshed peaches, which enhances PpBL expression . Genome-wide association study identifies a significant association between PpBL and malate content. Silencing PpBL in peach fruit and ectopic overexpression of PpBL in tomatoes confirm that PpBL is a positive regulator of malate accumulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PpBL works synergistically with another NAC TF, PpNAC1, to activate the transcription of the aluminum-activated malate transporter PpALMT4 , leading to increased malate content. Conclusions These findings, along with previous research showing that PpBL and PpNAC1 also regulate anthocyanin accumulation, explain the red coloration and sour taste in blood-fleshed peach fruits.
Highlighting American Cancer Society‐funded research in <i>CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians</i>
Authors: Don S. Dizon, Christina M. Annunziata
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2025)

Since 1946, the American Cancer Society (ACS) has invested more to find the causes and cures of cancer than any other single nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization. Each year, the ACS extends this support to investigators at institutions across the United States as part of its grants program, funding research for high school interns through world-renowned professors, including the ACS Professorship. We applaud the grantees supported by the ACS; and, as part of this commitment to acknowledge and highlight these investigators, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (CA), is proud to launch a new series, "American Cancer Society Research Award Spotlight." As the flagship journal of the ACS, CA's goal is to educate and widely disseminate their work, and their passions, to our diverse audience of cancer professionals. Topics will be of relevance to the broad audience of CA, and much of the work will be developed in consultation between the authors and the editorial board. Notably, we have not restricted the scope of articles to research directly supported by the ACS. Rather, we will work with the authors on a topic that drives their career, whether in the laboratory or in the clinic, reflecting timely issues within the scope of oncology or society at large. In addition to recipients of our standard grant mechanisms, CA will feature content from recipients of the ACS Professor Award, which recognizes key thought leaders who have made substantial contributions in cancer research. For more information around ACS-funded cancer research, please visit https://www.cancer.org/research/currently-funded-cancer-research.html for a full list of up-to-date funded research grants and current and past ACS professors. Don S. Dizon reports personal/consulting fees from Doximity, ImmunoGen Inc, Puma Biotechnology Inc, Data and Safety Monitoring board for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology Inc., and GlaxoSmithKline LLC; and stock options in Midi outside the submitted work. Christina M. Annuniziata disclosed no conflicts of interest.
MFSD6 is an entry receptor for respiratory enterovirus D68
Authors: Xize Liu, Huili Li, Zhaoxue Li, Delong Gao, Junfeng Zhou, Fushun Ni, Qing Yu, Yuehan Huang, Yubin Tang, Ling Xue, Shijin Wang, Jiaxin Yang, Haoran Guo, Yonggang Wang, Xiao-Fang Yu, Zhenglei Yu, Wei Wei
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2025)
Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xue Qian Wu, Fan Ying, Katherine Po Sin Chung, Carmen Oi Ning Leung, Rainbow Wing Hei Leung, Karl Kam Hei So, Martina Mang Leng Lei, Wing Ki Chau, Man Tong, Jun Yu, Dai Wei, William Chi Shing Tai, Stephanie Ma, Yin Ying Lu, Terence Kin Wah Lee
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2025)

Highlights•Decreased Akk level is crucial for the development of MAFLD-induced HCC•Akk complements the therapeutic efficacy of PD1 therapy in MAFLD-induced HCC•Akk induces T cell infiltration via suppression of m-MDSCs and M2 macrophages•Akk as a potential biomarker for predicting the PD1 response and survivalSummaryImmune checkpoint inhibitors are not effective for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and identifying the key gut microbiota that contributes to immune resistance in these patients is crucial. Analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing reveals a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) during MAFLD-promoted HCC development. Administration of Akk ameliorates liver steatosis and effectively attenuates the tumor growth in orthotopic MAFLD-HCC mouse models. Akk repairs the intestinal lining, with a decrease in the serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bile acid metabolites, along with decrease in the populations of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (m-MDSCs) and M2 macrophages. Akk in combination with PD1 treatment exerts maximal growth-suppressive effect in multiple MAFLD-HCC mouse models with increased infiltration and activation of T cells. Clinically, low Akk levels are correlated with PD1 resistance and poor progression-free survival. In conclusion, Akk is involved in the immune resistance of MAFLD-HCC and serves as a predictive biomarker for PD1 response in HCC.Graphical abstract
Ubiquitination of TFEB increased intestinal permeability to aggravate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Donghai Liu, Lang Chen, Zai Wang, Zecheng Li, Lihong Liu, Liang Peng
Journal: Hepatology (2025)

Background and Aims: Increased intestinal permeability exacerbates the development of metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Autophagy is important for maintaining normal intestinal permeability. Here, we investigated the impact of intestinal transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of autophagy, in intestinal permeability and MASH progression. Methods: TFEB expression was analyzed in the proximal colon of 45 individuals with metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and 23 healthy controls. We utilized immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry toidentify TFEB-interacting proteins. Intestine-specific Tfeb knockout mice were generated by mating Tfeb fl/fl mice with Villin- Cre mice. The mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet, and assessments were performed to evaluate intestinal permeability and MASH progression. Results: Intestinal TFEB levels were reduced in MASH patients and negatively correlated with intestinal permeability and hepatic toxicity. Intestine-specific TFEB deficiency increased intestinal permeability and worsened MASH severity, whereas moderate TFEB overexpression conferred protective effects. Mechanistically, the E3 ligase TRIP12 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of nuclear TFEB, thereby inhibiting autophagic flux to aggravate intestinal barrier impairment and subsequently promote MASH progression. Importantly, a peptide PT1 designed to block the TRIP12-TFEB interaction reduced MASH progression. Conclusions: The ubiquitination of TFEB plays a pivotal role in increasing intestinal permeability and promoting the progression of MASH by inhibiting autophagy. Intestinal TFEB may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of MASH.
Heart failure outcomes captured by adverse event reporting in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Observations from the <scp>VERTIS CV</scp> trial
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Ahmed A. Kolkailah, Darren K. McGuire, Robert C. Frederich, Nilo B. Cater, Francesco Cosentino, Richard E. Pratley, Samuel Dagogo‐Jack, David Z.I. Cherney, Willy Wynant, Ira Gantz, James P. Mancuso, Urszula Masiukiewicz, Christopher P. Cannon
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2025)
Radon and Disease—It Is Time for More Case-Control Studies
Authors: Alberto Ruano-Ravina, Lucía Martín-Gisbert
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Yijia Zhang, PhD; Meghan Angley, PhD; Liping Lu, MD, PhD; Brian J. Smith, PhD; William Grobman, MD; Blair J. Wylie, MD; Noelia M. Zork, MD; Mary E. D'Alton, MD; Becky McNeil, PhD; Brian M. Mercer, MD; Robert M. Silver, MD; Hyagriv N. Simhan, MD; David M. Haas, MD; George R. Saade, MD; Samuel Parry, MD; Uma Reddy, MD; Ka Kahe, MD, ScD
How AI Could Help Clinicians Identify American Indian Patients at Risk for Suicide
Authors: Yulin Hswen, Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This Medical News article is an interview with Emily E. Haroz, PhD, an associate professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Center for Indigenous Health, about an observational study that compared suicide risk machine learning models with a non–artificial intelligence screening method in a large group of Indian Health Service patients.
Patient-Reported Influence of Sociopolitical Issues on Post-<i>Dobbs</i> Vasectomy Decisions
Authors: Lucille G. Cheng, Kari White, Marian Jarlenski, Kathleen Hwang
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

This cross-sectional study of US patients initiating a vasectomy procedure examines the association of vasectomy decision-making with sociopolitical issues following the US Supreme Court’s repeal of the right to abortion.
Establishing a living biobank of pediatric high-grade glioma and ependymoma suitable for cancer pharmacology
Authors: Clémence Deligne, Arthur Tourbez, Flavie Bénard, Swann Meyer, Alexis Curt, Matteo Gianesello, Maud Hamadou, Léna Clavier, Claire Coquet, Charlotte Bocquet, Julia Tomine, Thomas Diot, Hermes Paraqindes, Virginie Marcel, Clément Berthelot, Justine Engel, Isabelle Rochet, Marc Barritault, Clara Savary, Nicolas Gadot, Valéry Attignon, Marjorie Carrere, Marc Billaud, Aurélie Dutour, Martine Cordier-Bussat, Pierre-Aurélien Beuriat, Alexandru Szathmari, Federico Di Rocco, Jean-Yves Blay, Luca Tiberi, Alexandre Vasiljevic, David Meyronet, Marie Castets, Pierre Leblond, Laura Broutier
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2025)

Abstract Background Brain tumors are the deadliest solid tumors in children and adolescents. Most of these tumors are glial in origin and exhibit strong heterogeneity, hampering the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In the past decades, patient-derived tumor organoids (PDT-O) have emerged as powerful tools for modeling tumoral cell diversity and dynamics, and they could then help define new therapeutic options for pediatric brain tumors. Methods Through an integrative approach based on our expertise and a careful review of the literature about glioblastoma 3D primary cultures, we set up a standardized methodological pipeline for the establishment, characterization, and biobanking of PDT-O through direct 3D in vitro culture of the deadliest pediatric glial brain tumors. To assess PDT-O fidelity and validate their preclinical relevance, we performed comprehensive histological, molecular, and drug-response analyses. Results Our methodological pipeline allowed the rapid and efficient generation of PDT-O recapitulating their parental tumor features, including intratumoral heterogeneity, even after several passages and cryopreservation/revival as 3D cultures. Moreover, we successfully performed preclinical test responses on these PDT-O to standard-of-care therapies and new therapeutic options. Finally, we identified ONC201 as a selective drug for pediatric glial tumor types not restricted to H3K27-altered glial tumors, as well as combination strategies to increase the therapeutic response to ONC201. Conclusions Hence, we describe a fast and robust process to biobank PDT-O for pediatric glial brain tumors. These PDT-O models have the potential for patient-specific modeling even after long-term expansion in vitro, and we established the proof-of-concept of their usefulness to support powerful preclinical studies.
Understanding Low Bone Density in Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Emily M. Stein, Emily S. Tonorezos
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Chelsea G. Goodenough, PhD; Jessica L. Baedke, MS; Angela M. Delaney, MD; Carmen L. Wilson, PhD; Tara M. Brinkman, PhD; Cindy Im, PhD; Megan E. Ware, PhD; Hiroto Inaba, MD; Karen L. Clark, PA; Gregory T. Armstrong, MD; Daniel A. Mulrooney, MD; Ching-Hon Pui, MD; Daniel M. Green, MD; Thomas E. Merchant, DO, PhD; Deo Kumar Srivastava, PhD; Yutaka Yasui, PhD; Melissa M. Hudson, MD; Leslie L. Robison, PhD; Sue C. Kaste, DO; Kirsten K. Ness, PT, PhD; Wassim Chemaitilly, MD
Estimating Visual Acuity With Spectacle Correction From Fundus Photos Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ashley Zhou, Zhuolin Li, William Paul, Philippe Burlina, Rohita Mocharla, Neil Joshi, Sophie Gu, Onnisa Nanegrungsunk, Susan Bressler, Cindy X. Cai, T. Y. Alvin Liu, Hadi Moini, Farshid Sepehrband, Neil M. Bressler, Jun Kong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Determining spectacle-corrected visual acuity (VA) is essential when managing many ophthalmic diseases. If artificial intelligence (AI) evaluations of macular images estimated this VA from a fundus image, AI might provide spectacle-corrected VA without technician costs, reduce visit time, or facilitate home monitoring of VA from fundus images obtained outside of the clinic. Objective To estimate spectacle-corrected VA measured on a standard eye chart among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice settings using previously validated AI algorithms evaluating best-corrected VA from fundus photographs in eyes with DME. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cross-sectional evaluation of deidentified fundus photographs matched to spectacle-corrected VA determined by technicians on eye charts among patients with a history of DME based on optical coherence tomography and at least 2 visits within 1 to 6 months of each other at a university-based clinic between January 2014 and December 2022. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to October 2024. Exposure Previously validated AI algorithm evaluation of fundus photographs. Main Outcomes and Measures AI-determined VA mean absolute error (MAE) compared with actual spectacle-corrected VA. Results Among 141 patients, the mean (SD) age was 63 (13) years, 71 (50%) were male, 2 (1%) were Asian, 42 (30%) were Black or African American, and 88 (63%) were White. Among 282 eyes at visit 1, 66 had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and DME, 38 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and DME, 101 had NPDR and no DME, and 77 had PDR and no DME. Among 564 images (282 eyes) at both initial and follow-up visits, MAE (SD) among eyes with NPDR, with or without center-involved DME (CI-DME), was 1.16 (1.00) lines on the eye chart for VA between 20/10 and 20/20 (67 images), and 1.44 (1.15) lines for between VA 20/25 and 20/80 (231 images). MAE (SD) among eyes with PDR, with or without CI-DME, was 1.92 (1.08) lines for VA between 20/10 and 20/20 (50 images), and 1.42 (0.97) lines for spectacle-corrected VA between 20/25 and 20/80 (150 images). Only 65 images had VA 20/100 or worse, precluding meaningful analyses. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, AI evaluation of fundus photographs among patients with DME and VA 20/80 or better estimated spectacle-corrected VA within approximately 1 to 1.5 lines of actual spectacle-corrected VA. These results support use of AI evaluation of fundus photographs to determine spectacle-corrected VA among patients with DME globally, beyond ophthalmology offices.
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Holistic Therapies for Sleep and Cognition
Authors: Giuseppe Lanza, Maria Paola Mogavero, Raffaele Ferri
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Zhizhen Liu, MD, PhD; Lin Zhang, MS; Linxin Bai, MS; Zhenxing Guo, MS; Jiahui Gao, MS; Yongsheng Lin, BS; Yongjin Zhou, PhD; Jinghui Lai, MS; Jing Tao, MD, PhD; Lidian Chen, MD, PhD
Drug delivery strategy of hemostatic drugs for intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Junyan An, Zhilin Liu, Yihan Wang, Ke Meng, Yixuan Wang, Hai Sun, Miao Li, Zhaohui Tang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high rates of mortality and disability, underscoring an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. The clinical prognosis of ICH remains limited, primarily due to the absence of targeted, precise therapeutic options. Advances in novel drug delivery platforms, including nanotechnology, gel-based systems, and exosome-mediated therapies, have shown potential in enhancing ICH management. This review delves into the pathophysiological mechanisms of ICH and provides a thorough analysis of existing treatment strategies, with an emphasis on innovative drug delivery approaches designed to address critical pathological pathways. We assess the benefits and limitations of these therapies, offering insights into future directions in ICH research and highlighting the transformative potential of next-generation drug delivery systems in improving patient outcomes.
Recombinant collagen microneedles for transdermal delivery of antibacterial copper-DNA nanoparticles to treat skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Li Zhang, Yifan Chen, Danna Feng, Zheng Xing, Yuhui Wang, Yang Bai, Dongjian Shi, Haihang Li, Xiaoju Fan, Jiang Xia, Jianhao Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) include bacterial infections of the skin, muscles, and connective tissue such as ligaments and tendons. SSTI in patients with immunocompromising diseases may lead to chronic, hard-to-heal infected wounds, resulting in disability, amputation, or even death. To treat SSTI and rebuild the defensive barrier of the skin, here we utilize recombinant type XVII collagen protein (rCol XVII) to construct biodegradable, regenerative collagen microneedles (rCol-MNs) for transdermal delivery of antibacterial agents. Spheroidal copper-DNA antibacterial nanoparticles (Cu-CpG NPs; CpG represents short single-stranded synthetic DNA molecules of cytosine and guanine) are synthesized with copper ions and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), followed by polydopamine (PDA) coating to obtain Cu-CpG@PDA. Doping Cu-CpG@PDA into rCol-MNs yields Cu-CpG@PDA-loaded rCol-MNs. These microneedles combine the photothermal conversion property of PDA, antibacterial properties of copper ions, innate immune activation of CpG ODNs, and skin regenerating ability of rCol XVII, allowing the treatment of SSTI and also regenerating the damaged skin. In a mouse model, we show that the Cu-CpG@PDA-loaded rCol-MNs rescue skin wound infections, facilitate the orderly deposition of collagen at the wound site, and promote the healing of infected full-thickness wounds without noticeable scar formation. rCol-MNs serve as a transdermal delivery vehicle and, simultaneously, a reservoir of skin-regenerating recombinant collagen, bringing combined benefits of infection control and skin regeneration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Treatment of soft tissue infection requires the delivery of antibacterial agents into the soft tissue or dermis while providing a regenerating environment for open wounds. Here, we devise recombinant collagen microneedles (rCol-MNs) to meet both requirements.
TSLP acts on regulatory T cells to maintain their identity and limit allergic inflammation
Authors: Rama K. Gurram, Peng Li, Jangsuk Oh, Xi Chen, Rosanne Spolski, Xianglan Yao, Jian-Xin Lin, Suyasha Roy, Matthew J. Liao, Chengyu Liu, Zu-Xi Yu, Stewart J. Levine, Jinfang Zhu, Warren J. Leonard
Journal: Science Immunology (2025)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a type I cytokine that promotes allergic responses and mediates type 2 immunity. A balance between effector T cells (T effs ), which drive the immune response, and regulatory T cells (T regs ), which suppress the response, is required for proper immune homeostasis. Here, we report that TSLP differentially acts on T effs versus T regs to balance type 2 immunity. As expected, deletion of TSLP receptor (TSLPR) on all T cells ( Cd4 Cre Crlf2 fl/fl mice) resulted in lower numbers of T helper 2 (T H 2) cells and diminished ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation, but selective deletion of TSLPR on T regs ( Foxp3 YFP -Cre/Y Crlf2 fl/fl mice) resulted in increased interleukin-5 (IL-5)– and IL-13–secreting T H 2 cells and lung eosinophilia. Moreover, TSLP augmented the expression of factors that stabilize T regs . During type 2 immune responses, TSLPR-deficient T regs acquired T H 2-like properties, with augmented GATA3 expression and secretion of IL-13. TSLP not only is a driver of T H 2 effector cells but also acts in a negative feedback loop, thus promoting the ability of T regs to limit allergic inflammation.
Obesity reshapes regulatory T cells in the visceral adipose tissue by disrupting cellular cholesterol homeostasis
Authors: Cody Elkins, Chengyu Ye, Pulavendran Sivasami, Roy Mulpur, Pamela P. Diaz-Saldana, Amy Peng, Miaoer Xu, Yeun-po Chiang, Samara Moll, Dormarie E. Rivera-Rodriguez, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan, Tuoqi Wu, Byron B. Au-Yeung, Christopher D. Scharer, Mandy L. Ford, Haydn Kissick, Chaoran Li
Journal: Science Immunology (2025)

Regulatory T cells (T regs ) accumulate in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis but decline during obesity. Here, we explored the metabolic pathways controlling the homeostasis, composition, and function of VAT T regs under normal and high-fat diet feeding conditions. We found that cholesterol metabolism was specifically up-regulated in ST2 hi VAT T reg subsets. T reg -specific deletion of Srebf2 , the master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, selectively reduced ST2 hi VAT T regs , increasing VAT inflammation and insulin resistance. Single-cell RNA/T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing revealed a specific loss and reduced clonal expansion of ST2 hi VAT T reg subsets after Srebf2 deletion. Srebf2 -mediated cholesterol homeostasis potentiated strong TCR signaling, which preferentially promoted ST2 hi VAT T reg accumulation. However, long-term high-fat diet feeding disrupted VAT T reg cholesterol homeostasis and impaired clonal expansion of the ST2 hi subset. Restoring T reg cholesterol homeostasis rescued VAT T reg accumulation in obese mice, suggesting that modulation of cholesterol homeostasis could be a promising strategy for T reg -targeted therapies in obesity-associated metabolic diseases.