tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European Respiratory Society clinical practice guideline on symptom management for adults with serious respiratory illness
Authors: Anne E. Holland, Anna Spathis, Kristoffer Marsaa, Claudia Bausewein, Zainab Ahmadi, Angela T. Burge, Amy Pascoe, Adelle M. Gadowski, Phil Collis, Tessa Jelen, Charles C. Reilly, Lynn F. Reinke, Lorena Romero, Anne-Marie Russell, Ravijyot Saggu, John Solheim, Guido Vagheggini, Chantal Vandendungen, Marlies Wijsenbeek, Thomy Tonia, Natasha Smallwood, Magnus Ekström
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Respiratory symptoms are ubiquitous and impair health-related quality of life in people with respiratory disease. This European Respiratory Society (ERS) task force aimed to provide recommendations for symptomatic treatment in people with serious respiratory illness. The ERS task force comprised 16 members, including representatives of people with serious respiratory illness and informal caregivers. Seven questions were formulated, six in the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format, which were addressed with full systematic reviews and evidence assessed using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). One question was addressed narratively. An “evidence-to-decision” framework was used to formulate recommendations. To treat symptoms in people with serious respiratory illness, the task force suggests the use of graded exercise therapy (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence); and suggests the use of a multicomponent services, handheld fan and breathing techniques (conditional recommendations, very low certainty of evidence). The task force suggests not to use opioids (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence); and suggests either administering or not administering supplemental oxygen therapy (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). The task force suggests that needs assessment tools may be used as part of a comprehensive needs assessment, but do not replace patient-centred care and shared decision making (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). The low certainty of evidence, modest impact of interventions on patient-centred outcomes, and absence of effective strategies to ameliorate cough highlight the need for new approaches to reduce symptoms and enhance wellbeing for individuals who live with serious respiratory illness.
Collaborative Care Intervention Following Injury in Older Adults
Authors: Orly N. Farber, Matthew A. Bartek, Elizabeth J. Lilley
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Denosumab-Associated Severe Hypocalcemia in Dialysis-Dependent Patients
Authors: Inez Schoenmakers, William D. Fraser
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of Sales From Vending Machines With 4 Different Food and Beverage Messages
Authors: Laura A. Gibson, Alisa J. Stephens-Shields, Sophia V. Hua, Jennifer A. Orr, Hannah G. Lawman, Sara N. Bleich, Kevin G. Volpp, Amy Bleakley, Anne N. Thorndike, Christina A. Roberto
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Point-of-sale food messaging can encourage healthier purchases, but no studies have directly compared multiple interventions in the field. Objective To examine which of 4 food and beverage messages would increase healthier vending machine purchases. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized trial assessed 13 months (February 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020) of vending sales data from 267 machines and 1065 customer purchase assessments from vending machines on government property in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Data analysis was performed from March 5, 2020, to November 8, 2022. Interventions Study interventions were 4 food and beverage messaging systems: (1) beverage tax posters encouraging healthy choices because of the Philadelphia tax on sweetened drinks; (2) green labels for healthy products; (3) traffic light labels: green (healthy), yellow (moderately healthy), or red (unhealthy); or (4) physical activity equivalent labels (minutes of activity to metabolize product calories). Main Outcomes and Measures Sales data were analyzed separately for beverages and snacks. The main outcomes analyzed at the transaction level were calories sold and the health status (using traffic light criteria) of each item sold. Additional outcomes were analyzed at the monthly machine level: total units sold, calories sold, and units of each health status sold. The customer purchase assessment outcome was calories purchased per vending trip. Results Monthly sales data came from 150 beverage and 117 snack vending machines, whereas 1065 customers (558 [52%] male) contributed purchase assessment data. Traffic light labels led to a 30% decrease in the mean monthly number of unhealthy beverages sold (mean ratio [MR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88) compared with beverage tax posters. Physical activity labels led to a 34% (MR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) reduction in the number of unhealthy beverages sold at the machine level and 35% (MR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.86) reduction in mean calories sold. Traffic light labels also led to a 30-calorie reduction (b = −30.46; 95% CI, −49.36 to −11.56) per customer trip in the customer purchase analyses compared to physical activity labels. There were very few significant differences for snack machines. Conclusions and Relevance In this 13-month randomized trial of 267 vending machines, the traffic light and physical activity labels encouraged healthier beverage purchases, but no change in snack sales, compared with a beverage tax poster. Corporations and governments should consider such labeling approaches to promote healthier beverage choices. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06260176
Hematologic Abnormalities in Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa Receiving Adalimumab
Authors: Simon J. Gunter, Zachary E. Holcomb, Barbara D. Lam, Martina L. Porter, Alexa B. Kimball
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This post hoc analysis of PIONEER I and II randomized clinical trials assesses whether receiving adalimumab is associated with decreased hematologic abnormalities and increased clinical improvement in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
Ventricular Arrhythmias After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for STEMI
Authors: Jennifer A. Rymer, Zachary K. Wegermann, Tracy Y. Wang, Shuang Li, Nathaniel R. Smilowitz, B. Hadley Wilson, Hani Jneid, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Currently, mortality risk for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with an uncomplicated postprocedure course is low. Less is known regarding the risk of in-hospital ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Objective To evaluate the risk of late VT and VF after primary PCI for STEMI. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included adults aged 18 years or older with STEMI treated with primary PCI between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, identified in the US National Cardiovascular Data Registry Chest Pain–MI Registry. Data were analyzed from April to December 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of late VT (≥7 beat run of VT during STEMI hospitalization ≥1 day after PCI) or VF (any episode of VF≥1 day after PCI) associated with cardiac arrest and associations between late VT or VF and in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort and a cohort with uncomplicated STEMI without prior myocardial infarction or heart failure, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, reinfarction, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 40%. Results A total of 174 126 eligible patients with STEMI were treated with primary PCI at 814 sites in the study; 15 460 (8.9%) had VT or VF after primary PCI, and 4156 (2.4%) had late VT or VF. Among the eligible patients, 99 905 (57.4%) at 807 sites had uncomplicated STEMI. The median age for patients with late VT or VF overall was 63 years (IQR, 55-73 years), and 75.5% were men; the median age for patients with late VT or VF with uncomplicated STEMI was 60 years (IQR, 53-69 years), and 77.7% were men. The median length of stay was 3 days (IQR, 2-7 days) for the overall cohort with late VT or VF and 3 days (IQR, 2-4 days) for the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI with late VT or VF. The risk of late VT or VF was 2.4% (overall) and 1.7% (uncomplicated STEMI). Late VT or VF with cardiac arrest occurred in 674 patients overall (0.4%) and in 117 with uncomplicated STEMI (0.1%). LVEF was the most significant factor associated with late VT or VF with cardiac arrest (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] for every 5-unit decrease ≤40%: 1.67; 95% CI, 1.54-1.85). Late VT or VF events were associated with increased odds of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort (AOR, 6.40; 95% CI, 5.63-7.29) and the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI (AOR, 8.74; 95% CI, 6.53-11.70). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, a small proportion of patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI had late VT or VF. However, late VT or VF with cardiac arrest was rare, particularly in the cohort with uncomplicated STEMI. This information may be useful when determining the optimal timing for hospital discharge after STEMI.
Economic Evaluation of HLA-B*15:02 Genotyping for Asian Australian Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Yaron Gu, Sophy T. F. Shih, Nimeshan Geevasinga, Linda Chan, John W. Frew, Deshan F. Sebaratnam
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

The HLA-B*15:02 allele has been associated with an increased risk of carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in specific Asian populations (including Han Chinese, Malaysian, Thai, and Vietnamese individuals). While HLA-B*15:02 genotype testing in Asian populations is recommended by several international prescribing guidelines, it is not subsidized by the Medicare Benefits Schedule in Australia.
Keratosis Pilaris–Like Reaction Associated With Chromatin Remodeling Complex Inhibition in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Riyad N. H. Seervai, Madison M. Taylor, Ziba Rahbar, Sapna P. Patel, Kelly C. Nelson, Victor G. Prieto, Jonathan L. Curry
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case series describes a constellation of novel adverse reactions in 3 of 9 patients with uveal melanoma receiving treatment targeting activity of the Brahma-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex.
Rapid Initiation of Injection Naltrexone for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Matisyahu Shulman, Miranda G. Greiner, Hiwot M. Tafessu, Onumara Opara, Kaitlyn Ohrtman, Kenzie Potter, Kathryn Hefner, Eve Jelstrom, Richard N. Rosenthal, Kevin Wenzel, Marc Fishman, John Rotrosen, Udi E. Ghitza, Edward V. Nunes, Adam Bisaga
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Injectable extended-release (XR)-naltrexone is an effective treatment option for opioid use disorder (OUD), but the need to withdraw patients from opioid treatment prior to initiation is a barrier to implementation. Objective To compare the effectiveness of the standard procedure (SP) with the rapid procedure (RP) for XR-naltrexone initiation. Design, Setting, and Participants The Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone study was an optimized stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial conducted at 6 community-based inpatient addiction treatment units. Units using the SP were randomly assigned at 14-week intervals to implement the RP. Participants admitted with OUD received the procedure the unit was delivering at the time of their admission. Participant recruitment took place between March 16, 2021, and July 18, 2022. The last visit was September 21, 2022. Interventions Standard procedure, based on the XR-naltrexone package insert (approximately 5-day buprenorphine taper followed by a 7- to 10-day opioid-free period and RP, defined as 1 day of buprenorphine at minimum necessary dose, 1 opioid-free day, and ascending low doses of oral naltrexone and adjunctive medications (eg, clonidine, clonazepam, antiemetics) for opioid withdrawal. Main Outcomes and Measures Receipt of XR-naltrexone injection prior to inpatient discharge (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes included opioid withdrawal scores and targeted safety events and serious adverse events. All analyses were intention-to-treat. Results A total of 415 participants with OUD were enrolled (mean [SD] age, 33.6 [8.48] years; 205 [49.4%] identified sex as male); 54 [13.0%] individuals identified as Black, 91 [21.9%] as Hispanic, 290 [69.9%] as White, and 22 [5.3%] as multiracial. Rates of successful initiation of XR-naltrexone among the RP group (141 of 225 [62.7%]) were noninferior to those of the SP group (68 of 190 [35.8%]) (odds ratio [OR], 3.60; 95% CI, 2.12-6.10). Withdrawal did not differ significantly between conditions (proportion of days with a moderate or greater maximum Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale score (&amp;amp;gt;12) for RP vs SP: OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.62-2.50). Targeted safety events (RP: 12 [5.3%]; SP: 4 [2.1%]) and serious adverse events (RP: 15 [6.7%]; SP: 3 [1.6%]) were infrequent but occurred more often with RP than SP. Conclusions and Relevance In this trial, the RP of XR-naltrexone initiation was noninferior to the standard approach and saved time, although it required more intensive medical management and safety monitoring. The results of this trial suggest that rapid initiation could make XR-naltrexone a more viable treatment for patients with OUD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04762537
Adolescent Neurodevelopmental Variance Across Social Strata
Authors: Katherine L. Bottenhorn, Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez, Jared N. Schachner, Michael A. Rosario, Kathryn L. Mills, Angela R. Laird, Megan M. Herting
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This cohort study explores variability in neurodevelopment across sociodemographic factors among youths.
Decision-Making Confidence of Clinical Competency Committees for Entrustable Professional Activities
Authors: Kelsey B. Montgomery, John D. Mellinger, M. Chandler McLeod, Andrew Jones, Polina Zmijewski, George A. Sarosi, Karen J. Brasel, Mary E. Klingensmith, Rebecca M. Minter, Jo Buyske, Brenessa Lindeman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Importance A competency-based assessment framework using entrustable professional activities (EPAs) was endorsed by the American Board of Surgery following a 2-year feasibility pilot study. Pilot study programs’ clinical competency committees (CCCs) rated residents on EPA entrustment semiannually using this newly developed assessment tool, but factors associated with their decision-making are not yet known. Objective To identify factors associated with variation in decision-making confidence of CCCs in EPA summative entrustment decisions. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used deidentified data from the EPA Pilot Study, with participating sites at 28 general surgery residency programs, prospectively collected from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020. Data were analyzed from September 27, 2022, to February 15, 2023. Exposure Microassessments of resident entrustment for pilot EPAs (gallbladder disease, inguinal hernia, right lower quadrant pain, trauma, and consultation) collected within the course of routine clinical care across four 6-month study cycles. Summative entrustment ratings were then determined by program CCCs for each study cycle. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was CCC decision-making confidence rating (high, moderate, slight, or no confidence) for summative entrustment decisions, with a secondary outcome of number of EPA microassessments received per summative entrustment decision. Bivariate tests and mixed-effects regression modeling were used to evaluate factors associated with CCC confidence. Results Among 565 residents receiving at least 1 EPA microassessment, 1765 summative entrustment decisions were reported. Overall, 72.5% (1279 of 1765) of summative entrustment decisions were made with moderate or high confidence. Confidence ratings increased with increasing mean number of EPA microassessments, with 1.7 (95% CI, 1.4-2.0) at no confidence, 1.9 (95% CI, 1.7-2.1) at slight confidence, 2.9 (95% CI, 2.6-3.2) at moderate confidence, and 4.1 (95% CI, 3.8-4.4) at high confidence. Increasing number of EPA microassessments was associated with increased likelihood of higher CCC confidence for all except 1 EPA phase after controlling for program effects (odds ratio range: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.07-1.37] for intraoperative EPA-4 to 2.93 [95% CI, 1.64-5.85] for postoperative EPA-2); for preoperative EPA-3, there was no association. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, the CCC confidence in EPA summative entrustment decisions increased as the number of EPA microassessments increased, and CCCs endorsed moderate to high confidence in most entrustment decisions. These findings provide early validity evidence for this novel assessment framework and may inform program practices as EPAs are implemented nationally.
<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> : a deworming partner independent of type 2 immunity
Authors: Jiaqi Wang, Xiufeng Zhao, Xianhe Li, Xuemin Jin
Journal: Gut Microbes (2024)

The gut microbiota has coevolved with the host for hundreds of millions of years, playing a beneficial role in host health. Human parasitic helminths are widespread and pose a pervasive global public health issue. Although Type 2 immunity provides partial resistance to helminth infections, the composition of the gut microbiota can change correspondingly. Therefore, it raises the question of what role the gut microbiota plays during helminth infection. Akkermansia muciniphila has emerged as a notable representative of beneficial microorganisms in the gut microbiota. Recent studies indicate that A. muciniphila is not merely associated with helminth infection but is also causally linked to infection. Here, we provide an overview of the crosstalk between A. muciniphila and enteric helminth infection. Our goal is to enhance our understanding of the interplay among A. muciniphila, helminths, and their hosts while also exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.
Endotypes of Exacerbation in Bronchiectasis: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Yonghua Gao, Hollian Richardson, Alison J. Dicker, Alun Barton, Elena Kuzmanova, Michal Shteinberg, Lidia Perea, Pieter C. Goeminne, Erin Cant, Chandani Hennayake, Jennifer Pollock, Hani Abo Leyah, Hayoung Choi, Eva Polverino, Francesco Blasi, Tobias Welte, Stefano Aliberti, Merete Long, Amelia Shoemark, Oriol Sibila, Jeffrey T. J. Huang, James D. Chalmers
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Bronchiectasis is characterized by acute exacerbations, but the biological mechanisms underlying these events are poorly characterized.
False-Negative 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in Pediatric Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma Seen With 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Mohamad B. Haidar, Farah A. Abou Zeid, Zarouhie Z. Meguerian, Akram N. Al-Ibraheem, Peter E. Noun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

In adults, 68 Ga-FAP inhibitor ( 68 Ga-FAPI) PET/CT outperforms 68 Ga-radiolabeled somatostatin analog peptides ( 68 Ga PET/CT) and 18 F-FDG PET/CT in detecting thyroid lesions. This is the case of a 13-year-old boy newly diagnosed with medullary thyroid cancer with high calcitonin level. 68 Ga PET/CT revealed the presence of only a primary thyroid lesion. Proven to be superior in detecting metastasis, 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT was performed. The results came out negative for primary and potential metastatic lesions. This case sheds shed light on false-negatives reported in 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT scans in pediatric patients, emphasizing the need for alternate radiotracers when a negative study is met.
Low‐Temperature Deposited Amorphous Poly(aryl ether ketone) Hierarchically Porous Scaffolds with Strontium‐Doped Mineralized Coating for Bone Defect Repair
Authors: Tianze Sun, Huagui Huang, Yantao Zhao, Zhonghai Li, Honghua Wang, Guangyuan Zhou
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

In recent years, the demand for clinical bone grafting has increased. As a new solution for orthopedic implants, polyether ether ketone (PEEK, crystalline PAEK) has excellent comprehensive performance and is practically applied in the clinic. In this research, a noteworthy elevated scheme to enhance the performance of PEEK scaffolds is presented. The amorphous aggregated poly (aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) resin is prepared as the matrix material, which maintains high mechanical strength and can be processed through the solution. So, the tissue engineering scaffolds with multilevel pores can be printed by low-temperature deposited manufacturing (LDM) to improve biologically inert scaffolds with smooth surfaces. Also, the feature of PAEK's solution processing is profitable to uniformly add the functional components for bone repair. Ultimately, A system of orthopedic implantable PAEK material based on intermolecular interactions, surface topology, and surface modification is established. The specific steps include synthesizing PAEK that contain polar carboxyl structures, preparing bioinks and fabricating scaffolds by LDM, preparation of scaffolds with strontium-doped mineralized coatings, evaluation of their osteogenic properties in vitro and in vivo, and investigation on the effect and mechanism of scaffolds in promoting osteogenic differentiation. This work provides an upgraded system of PAEK implantable materials for clinical application.