tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High-Efficacy Therapy Discontinuation vs Continuation in Patients 50 Years and Older With Nonactive MS
Authors: Guillaume Jouvenot, Guilhem Courbon, Mathilde Lefort, Fabien Rollot, Romain Casey, Emmanuelle Le Page, Laure Michel, Gilles Edan, Jérome de Seze, Laurent Kremer, Kevin Bigaut, Sandra Vukusic, Guillaume Mathey, Jonathan Ciron, Aurélie Ruet, Elisabeth Maillart, Pierre Labauge, Hélène Zephir, Caroline Papeix, Gilles Defer, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Thibault Moreau, David Axel Laplaud, Eric Berger, Bruno Stankoff, Pierre Clavelou, Eric Thouvenot, Olivier Heinzlef, Jean Pelletier, Abdullatif Al-Khedr, Olivier Casez, Bertrand Bourre, Philippe Cabre, Abir Wahab, Laurent Magy, Jean-Philippe Camdessanché, Ines Doghri, Solène Moulin, Haifa Ben-Nasr, Céline Labeyrie, Karolina Hankiewicz, Jean-Philippe Neau, Corinne Pottier, Chantal Nifle, Nicolas Collongues, Anne Kerbrat, François Cotton, Pascal Douek, Francis Guillememin, Alexandre Pachot, Javier Olaiz, Claire Rigaud-Bully, Romain Marignier, Marc Debouverie, Catherine Lubetzki, Mikaël Cohen, Agnès Fromont, Sandrine Wiertlewsky, Bertrand Audoin, Claire Giannesini, Olivier Gout, Alexis Montcuquet, Serge Bakchine, Aude Maurousset, Nicolas Maubeuge
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

A recent randomized clinical trial concluded that discontinuing medium-efficacy therapy might be a reasonable option for older patients with nonactive multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a lack of data on discontinuing high-efficacy therapy (HET). In younger patients, the discontinuation of natalizumab and fingolimod is associated with a risk of rebound of disease activity.
Sources of Contraception Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Michelle Shankar, Sarah Wood, Mona Sharifi, Deena Kelly Costa, Maureen Canavan, Meredithe McNamara, Deepa R. Camenga
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

This cross-sectional study describes the nationwide pattern of contraception access by sociodemographic characteristics and health care settings among US youth aged 15 to 24 years.
A Prospective Double-Blinded Comparison of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Conventional Histopathology for <i>In Vivo</i> Assessment in Oral Cancer
Authors: Daniella K. Zanoni, Paula Demétrio De Souza França, Cristina Valero, Gary Peterson, Marco Ardigo, Ronald Ghossein, Stephen W. Dusza, Danielli Matsuura, Daniel W. Scholfield, Dauren Adilbay, Pablo H. Montero, Jocelyn Migliacci, Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty, Kivanc Kose, Ian Ganly, Milind Rajadhyaksha, Snehal G. Patel
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

We investigated reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a possible noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of cancer and real-time assessment of surgical margins.
Measurement of ctDNA Tumor Fraction Identifies Informative Negative Liquid Biopsy Results and Informs Value of Tissue Confirmation
Authors: Christian D. Rolfo, Russell W. Madison, Lincoln W. Pasquina, Derek W. Brown, Yanmei Huang, Jason D. Hughes, Ryon P. Graf, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Hatim Husain
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Purpose: Liquid biopsy (LBx) for tumor profiling is increasingly used, but concerns remain regarding negative results. A lack of results may truly reflect tumor genomics, or it may be a false negative that would be clarified by tissue testing. A method of distinguishing between these scenarios could help clarify when follow-on tissue testing is valuable. Experimental Design: Here we evaluate circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) tumor fraction (TF), a quantification of ctDNA in LBx samples, for utility in identifying true negative results. We assessed concordance between LBx and tissue-based results, stratified by ctDNA TF, in a real-world genomic dataset of paired samples across multiple disease types. We also evaluated the frequency of tissue results identifying driver alterations in patients with lung cancer after negative LBx in a real-world clinicogenomic database. Results: The positive percent agreement and negative predictive value between liquid and tissue samples for driver alterations increased from 63% and 66% for all samples to 98% and 97% in samples with ctDNA TF ≥1%. Among 505 patients with lung cancer with no targetable driver alterations found by LBx who had subsequent tissue-based profiling, 37% had a driver, all of which had ctDNA TF &amp;lt;1%. Conclusions: Patients with lung cancer with negative LBx and ctDNA TF ≥1% are unlikely to have a driver detected on confirmatory tissue testing; such informative negative results may benefit instead from prompt treatment initiation. Conversely, negative LBx with ctDNA TF &amp;lt;1% will commonly have a driver identified by follow-up tissue testing and should be prioritized for reflex testing.
Correction: Unravelling cell type-specific responses to Parkinson’s Disease at single cell resolution
Authors: Araks Martirosyan, Rizwan Ansari, Francisco Pestana, Katja Hebestreit, Hayk Gasparyan, Razmik Aleksanyan, Silvia Hnatova, Suresh Poovathingal, Catherine Marneffe, Dietmar R. Thal, Andrew Kottick, Victor J. Hanson-Smith, Sebastian Guelfi, William Plumbly, T. Grant Belgard, Emmanouil Metzakopian, Matthew G. Holt
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2024)
Diabetes Management in Detention Facilities: A Statement of the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Daniel L. Lorber, Nuha A. ElSayed, Raveendhara R. Bannuru, Viral Shah, Michael Puisis, Jill Crandall, Sarah Fech-Baughman, Barbara Wakeen, Jo Jo Dantone, Robin Hunter-Buskey, Kenneth Moritsugu, Emily Wang, Marisa Desimone, Ruth Weinstock, Aaron Fischer, Jennifer Sherman, Gabe Eber, William Shefelman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

This statement provides guidance for diabetes care in detention facilities. It focuses on areas where the processes for delivery of care to people with diabetes in detention facilities may differ from those in the community, and key points are made at the end of each section. Areas of emphasis, which inform multiple aspects discussed in this statement, include 1) timely identification or diagnosis of diabetes treatment needs and continuity of care (at reception/intake, during transfers, and upon discharge), 2) nutrition and physical activity, 3) timely access to diabetes management tools (insulin, blood glucose monitoring, tracking data, current diabetes management technologies, etc.), and 4) treatment of the whole person with diabetes (self-management education, mental health support, monitoring and addressing long-term complications, specialty care, etc.).
Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Ralph M.L. Neijenhuis, Simon T. MacDonald, Filip Zemrak, Bart J.A. Mertens, Anna Dinsdale, Amanda Hunter, Niki L. Walker, Lorna Swan, Sushma Reddy, Joris I. Rotmans, J. Wouter Jukema, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, Gruschen R. Veldtman, Anastasia D. Egorova
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Heart failure (HF) is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Robust evidence-based treatment options are lacking.
Heart Failure Risk Among African-American Women With an ICAM1 Missense Variant
Authors: Prarthana J. Dalal, Pedro Giro, Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik, Clyde W. Yancy, Sanjiv J. Shah, Alex P. Reiner, Bernhard Haring, Lisa Warsinger Martin, Gretchen L. Wells, JoAnn E. Manson, Charles Kooperberg, Charles B. Eaton, Ravi B. Patel
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2024)
Sacubitril/Valsartan-Related Hypotension in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved or Mildly Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alberto Foà, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L. Claggett, Maria A. Pabon, Henri Lu, Marc A. Pfeffer, Milton Packer, Orly Vardeny, Jean L. Rouleau, Martin Lefkowitz, Robert J. Mentz, Pardeep S. Jhund, Akshay S. Desai, John J.V. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Uniform or Sex-Specific Cardiac Troponin Thresholds to Rule Out Myocardial Infarction at Presentation
Authors: Ziwen Li, Ryan Wereski, Atul Anand, Matthew T.H. Lowry, Dimitrios Doudesis, Michael McDermott, Amy V. Ferry, Chris Tuck, Andrew R. Chapman, Kuan Ken Lee, Anoop S.V. Shah, Nicholas L. Mills, Dorien M. Kimenai, Nicholas L. Mills, Fiona E. Strachan, Christopher Tuck, Atul Anand, Olawale Mathias Akinlade, Stephanie Barker, Jennifer Blades, Jasper Boeddinghaus, Anda Bularga, Marie de Bakker, Andrew R. Chapman, Dimitrios Doudesis, Amy V. Ferry, Takeshi Fujisawa, Konstantin Georgiev, Dorien M. Kimenai, Kuan Ken Lee, Iona Lyell, Ziwen Li, Matthew TH. Lowry, Lynn McKinlay, Michael McDermott, Jean McPherson, Filip Mendusic, Andrew Sorbie, Grace Souter, Stacey D. Schulberg, Caelan Taggart, Alexander JF. Thurston, Yong Yong Tew, Daniel Perez-Vicencio, Yiqing Wang, Ryan Wereski, Kelly Williams, David E. Newby, Keith AA. Fox, Colin Berry, Simon Walker, Christopher J. Weir, Ian Ford, Alasdair Gray, Paul O. Collinson, Fred S. Apple, Alan Reid, Anne Cruikshank, Iain Findlay, Shannon Amoils, David A. McAllister, Donogh Maguire, Jennifer Stevens, John Norrie, Anoop SV. Shah, Jack PM. Andrews, Philip D. Adamson, Alastair Moss, Mohamed S. Anwar, John Hung, Jonathan Malo, Colin M. Fischbacher, Bernard L. Croal, Stephen J. Leslie, Catriona Keerie, Richard A. Parker, Allan Walker, Ronnie Harkess, Tony Wackett, Christopher Weir, Roma Armstrong, Laura Stirling, Claire MacDonald, Imran Sadat, Frank Finlay, Kathy Harrison, Pamela Linksted, Stephen Lavenberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Stratifying Disease Progression in Patients With Cardiac ATTR Amyloidosis
Authors: Adam Ioannou, Francesco Cappelli, Michele Emdin, Christian Nitsche, Simone Longhi, Ahmad Masri, Alberto Cipriani, Mattia Zampieri, Federica Colio, Michael Poledniczek, Aldostefano Porcari, Yousuf Razvi, Alberto Aimo, Giuseppe Vergaro, Laura De Michieli, Muhammad U. Rauf, Rishi K. Patel, Eugenia Villanueva, Yael Lustig, Lucia Venneri, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Helen Lachmann, Ashutosh Wechalekar, Carol Whelan, Aviva Petrie, Philip N. Hawkins, Scott Solomon, Julian D. Gillmore, Marianna Fontana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is a progressive cardiomyopathy. The clinical course varies among individuals and there are no established measures to assess disease progression. The goal of this study was to assess the prognostic importance of an increase in N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and outpatient diuretic intensification (ODI) as markers of disease progression in a large cohort of patients with ATTR-CA. We evaluated landmark survival analysis based on worsening of NT-proBNP and requirement for ODI between time of diagnosis and a 1-year visit, and subsequent mortality in 2,275 patients with ATTR-CA from 7 specialist centers. The variables were developed in the National Amyloidosis Centre (NAC) cohort (n = 1,598) and validated in the external cohort from the remaining centers (n = 677). Between baseline and 1-year visits, 551 (34.5%) NAC patients and 204 (30.1%) patients in the external validation cohort experienced NT-proBNP progression (NT-proBNP increase >700 ng/L and >30%), which was associated with mortality (NAC cohort: HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.57-2.10; P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.32-2.33; P < 0.001). At 1 year, 451 (28.2%) NAC patients and 301 (44.5%) patients in the external validation cohort experienced ODI, which was associated with mortality (NAC cohort: HR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.62-2.18; P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.53-2.74; P < 0.001). When compared with patients with a stable NT-proBNP and stable diuretic dose, a higher risk of mortality was observed in those experiencing either NT-proBNP progression or ODI (NAC cohort: HR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.65-2.27; P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.36-2.77; P < 0.001), and those experiencing both NT-proBNP progression and ODI (NAC cohort: HR: 2.98; 95% CI: 2.42-3.67; P < 0.001; validation cohort: HR: 3.23; 95% CI: 2.17-4.79; P < 0.001). NT-proBNP progression and ODI are frequent and consistently associated with an increased risk of mortality. Combining both variables produces a simple, universally applicable model that detects disease progression in ATTR-CA.
Etripamil Nasal Spray for Recurrent Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia Conversion
Authors: James E. Ip, Benoit Coutu, Peter A. Noseworthy, Maria L. Parody, Farhad Rafii, Samuel F. Sears, Narendra Singh, Bruce S. Stambler, David B. Bharucha, A. John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Characteristics and Outcomes for Hispanic/Latinx Participants With Statin Intolerance Receiving Bempedoic Acid
Authors: Fatima Rodriguez, Leslie Cho, JoAnne Foody, A. Michael Lincoff, Lei Lei, Stephen J. Nicholls, Steven E. Nissen, Heather A. Powell, Jorge Plutzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2024)
Tissue-specific thresholds of mutation burden associated with anti-PD-1/L1 therapy benefit and prognosis in microsatellite-stable cancers
Authors: Maishara Muquith, Magdalena Espinoza, Andrew Elliott, Joanne Xiu, Andreas Seeber, Wafik El-Deiry, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Stephanie L. Graff, Michael J. Hall, Hossein Borghaei, Dave S. B. Hoon, Stephen V. Liu, Patrick C. Ma, Rana R. McKay, Trisha Wise-Draper, John Marshall, George W. Sledge, David Spetzler, Hao Zhu, David Hsiehchen
Journal: Nature Cancer (2024)
Outpatient surgery benchmarks and practice variation patterns: Case controlled study
Authors: Chi Zhang, Omair Shariq, Katherine Bews, Katherine Poruk, Mary M. Mrdutt, Trenton Foster, David A Etzioni, Elizabeth B Habermann, Cornelius Thiels
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Despite numerous potential benefits of outpatient surgery, there is currently a lack of national benchmarking data available for hospitals and surgeons to compare their own outcomes as they transition toward outpatient surgery.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration can predict bowel resection risk among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease in a longitudinal cohort with 13 years of follow-up
Authors: Lintao Dan, Sidan Wang, Xuejie Chen, Yuhao Sun, Tian Fu, Minzi Deng, Jie Chen, Zhongyan Du, Xiaoyan Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Although the beneficial properties of vitamin D in anti-inflammation and immunity-modulation are promising in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), data were limited for the critical IBD prognosis. The association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of bowel resection in individuals with IBD remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods: We performed a longitudinal cohort study among 5474 individuals with IBD in the UK Biobank. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using direct competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Bowel resection events were ascertained via national inpatient data. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the association between serum 25(OH)D and bowel resection risk, presented with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to evaluate dose-response associations. Results: During a mean follow-up of 13.1 years, we documented 513 incident bowel resection cases. Compared to participants with vitamin D deficiency, non-deficient participants showed a significantly reduced bowel resection risk in IBD (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.87, P =0.001), Crohn’s disease (CD, HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56-0.98, P =0.038), and ulcerative colitis (UC, HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.95, P =0.020). When comparing extreme quintiles of 25(OH)D level, participants with IBD showed a 34% reduced risk of bowel resection (95% CI 11%-51%, P =0.007) and participants with UC showed a 46% reduced risk (95% CI 19%-64%, P =0.003), while this association was not significant in CD (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.59-1.45, P =0.740). Linear dose-response associations were observed using the RCS curve (all P-nonlinearity&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Increased serum level of 25(OH)D is independently associated with reduced bowel resection risk in IBD. This association was significant in UC but may not be stable in CD. Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for bowel resection in individuals with IBD, and may be an effective metric in predicting and risk-screening surgical events.
Inappropriate Diagnosis of Pneumonia Among Hospitalized Adults
Authors: Ashwin B. Gupta, Scott A. Flanders, Lindsay A. Petty, Tejal N. Gandhi, Michael S. Pulia, Jennifer K. Horowitz, David Ratz, Steven J. Bernstein, Anurag N. Malani, Payal K. Patel, Timothy P. Hofer, Tanima Basu, Vineet Chopra, Valerie M. Vaughn
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2024)

Importance Little is known about incidence of, risk factors for, and harms associated with inappropriate diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objective To characterize inappropriate diagnosis of CAP in hospitalized patients. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study, including medical record review and patient telephone calls, took place across 48 Michigan hospitals. Trained abstractors retrospectively assessed hospitalized patients treated for CAP between July 1, 2017, and March 31, 2020. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were adults admitted to general care with a discharge diagnostic code of pneumonia who received antibiotics on day 1 or 2 of hospitalization. Data were analyzed from February to December 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Inappropriate diagnosis of CAP was defined using a National Quality Forum–endorsed metric as CAP-directed antibiotic therapy in patients with fewer than 2 signs or symptoms of CAP or negative chest imaging. Risk factors for inappropriate diagnosis were assessed and, for those inappropriately diagnosed, 30-day composite outcomes (mortality, readmission, emergency department visit, Clostridioides difficile infection, and antibiotic-associated adverse events) were documented and stratified by full course (&amp;amp;gt;3 days) vs brief (≤3 days) antibiotic treatment using generalized estimating equation models adjusting for confounders and propensity for treatment. Results Of the 17 290 hospitalized patients treated for CAP, 2079 (12.0%) met criteria for inappropriate diagnosis (median [IQR] age, 71.8 [60.1-82.8] years; 1045 [50.3%] female), of whom 1821 (87.6%) received full antibiotic courses. Compared with patients with CAP, patients inappropriately diagnosed were older (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.11 per decade) and more likely to have dementia (AOR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.55-2.08) or altered mental status on presentation (AOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.39-2.19). Among those inappropriately diagnosed, 30-day composite outcomes for full vs brief treatment did not differ (25.8% vs 25.6%; AOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23). Full vs brief duration of antibiotic treatment among patients was associated with antibiotic-associated adverse events (31 of 1821 [2.1%] vs 1 of 258 [0.4%]; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, inappropriate diagnosis of CAP among hospitalized adults was common, particularly among older adults, those with dementia, and those presenting with altered mental status. Full-course antibiotic treatment of those inappropriately diagnosed with CAP may be harmful.
Early Use of Erenumab vs Nonspecific Oral Migraine Preventives
Authors: Patricia Pozo-Rosich, David Dolezil, Koen Paemeleire, Adam Stepien, Philipp Stude, Josefin Snellman, Michal Arkuszewski, Tracy Stites, Shannon Ritter, Cristina Lopez Lopez, Jeff Maca, Matias Ferraris, Raquel Gil-Gouveia
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2024)

Patients with migraine often cycle through multiple nonspecific preventive medications due to poor tolerability and/or inadequate efficacy leading to low adherence and increased disease burden.
Closing a Gap in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Jennifer K. Maratt, David A. Leiman, Thomas F. Imperiale
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Elizabeth L. Ciemins, PhD, MPH, MA; Jeff T. Mohl, PhD; Carlos A. Moreno, MHS; Francis Colangelo, MD, MS-HQS; Robert A. Smith, PhD; Mary Barton, MD
Mental Health of Adolescents Exposed to the War in Ukraine
Authors: Ryunosuke Goto, Irina Pinchuk, Oleksiy Kolodezhny, Nataliia Pimenova, Yukiko Kano, Norbert Skokauskas
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2024)

Importance With exposure to traumatic events and reduced access to mental health care, adolescents of Ukraine during the Russian invasion since February 2022 are at high risk of psychiatric conditions. However, the actual mental health burden of the war has scarcely been documented. Objective To investigate the prevalence of a positive screen for psychiatric conditions among adolescents amidst the ongoing war in Ukraine as well as their associations with war exposure. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study reports the results from the first wave of the Adolescents of Ukraine During the Russian Invasion cohort, the largest cohort study on Ukrainian adolescents’ mental health during the Russian invasion since 2022. Using self-reported questionnaires, the national-level prevalence of a positive screen for various psychiatric conditions was estimated among adolescents aged 15 years or older attending secondary school in Ukraine in person or online (including those residing abroad but attending Ukrainian secondary school online) and the prevalence among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad due to the war. Exposure Self-reported exposure to war. Main Outcomes and Measures A positive screen for psychiatric conditions. The association between self-reported war exposure and a positive screen for each of the psychiatric conditions was also evaluated. Results A total of 8096 Ukrainian adolescents (4988 [61.6%] female) living in Ukraine or abroad were included in the analyses. Based on national-level estimates, 49.6% of the adolescents were directly exposed to war, 32.0% screened positive for moderate or severe depression, 17.9% for moderate or severe anxiety, 35.0% for clinically relevant psychological trauma, 29.5% for eating disorders, and 20.5% for medium risk or higher of substance use disorder. The burden of psychiatric symptoms was similarly large among Ukrainian adolescents living abroad. Adolescents exposed to war were more likely to screen positive for depression (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.29-1.50), anxiety (PR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.81), clinically relevant psychological trauma (PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.32-1.50), eating disorders (PR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and substance use disorder (PR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.98-1.25). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine is substantial. Mental health care efforts to alleviate the mental health burden of Ukrainian adolescents are needed.