tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of abrocitinib on skin biomarkers in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Emma Guttman‐Yassky, Paola Facheris, Pedro Jesus Gomez‐Arias, Ester Del Duca, Joel Correa Da Rosa, Stephan Weidinger, Robert Bissonnette, April W. Armstrong, Julien Seneschal, Kilian Eyerich, Yeriel D. Estrada, Swaroop N. Bose, Dan Xu, Allshine Chen, Svitlana Tatulych, Erman Güler, Gary Chan, Karen M. Page, Urs Kerkmann
Journal: Allergy (2023)

Abstract Background This is the first report on the effects of abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1–selective inhibitor, on the expression of skin biomarkers in patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods JADE MOA (NCT03915496) was a double‐blind Phase 2a trial. Adults were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive monotherapy with once‐daily abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in markers of inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]‐12), epidermal hyperplasia (keratin‐16 [KRT16]), T‐helper 2 (Th2) immune response (C‐C motif chemokine ligand [CCL]17, CCL18, and CCL26), and Th22 immune response (S100 calcium binding protein A8, A9, and A12 [S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12]) in skin through 12 weeks. Results A total of 46 patients received abrocitinib 200 mg ( n = 14), abrocitinib 100 mg ( n = 16), or placebo ( n = 16). Abrocitinib improved AD clinical signs and reduced itch. Gene expression of MMP‐12 , KRT16 , S100A8 , S100A9 , and S100A12 was significantly decreased from baseline with abrocitinib 200 mg (at Weeks 2, 4, and 12) and abrocitinib 100 mg (at Weeks 4 and 12) in a dose‐dependent manner. Abrocitinib 200 mg resulted in significant decreases from baseline in CCL17 expression at Week 12 and CCL18 expression at Weeks 2, 4, and 12; no significant decreases were observed for CCL26 . Conclusions Alongside improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of AD, 12 weeks of abrocitinib treatment resulted in downregulation of genes associated with inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and Th2 and Th22 immune responses in the skin of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.
Opioid analgesics for nociceptive cancer pain: A comprehensive review
Authors: Christina Abdel Shaheed, Christopher Hayes, Christopher G. Maher, Jane C. Ballantyne, Martin Underwood, Andrew J. McLachlan, Jennifer H. Martin, Sujita W. Narayan, Mark A. Sidhom
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2023)

Abstract Pain is one of the most burdensome symptoms in people with cancer, and opioid analgesics are considered the mainstay of cancer pain management. For this review, the authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicities of opioid analgesics compared with placebo, other opioids, nonopioid analgesics, and nonpharmacologic treatments for background cancer pain (continuous and relatively constant pain present at rest), and breakthrough cancer pain (transient exacerbation of pain despite stable and adequately controlled background pain ). They found a paucity of placebo‐controlled trials for background cancer pain, although tapentadol or codeine may be more efficacious than placebo (moderate‐certainty to low‐certainty evidence). Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs including aspirin, piroxicam, diclofenac, ketorolac, and the antidepressant medicine imipramine, may be at least as efficacious as opioids for moderate‐to‐severe background cancer pain. For breakthrough cancer pain, oral transmucosal, buccal, sublingual, or intranasal fentanyl preparations were identified as more efficacious than placebo but were more commonly associated with toxicities, including constipation and nausea. Despite being recommended worldwide for the treatment of cancer pain, morphine was generally not superior to other opioids, nor did it have a more favorable toxicity profile. The interpretation of study results, however, was complicated by the heterogeneity in the study populations evaluated. Given the limited quality and quantity of research, there is a need to reappraise the clinical utility of opioids in people with cancer pain, particularly those who are not at the end of life, and to further explore the effects of opioids on immune system function and quality of life in these individuals.
Patlak Reconstruction Using Dynamic 18F-FDG PET Imaging for Evaluation of Malignant Liver Tumors
Authors: Koichiro Kaneko, Michinobu Nagao, Atsushi Yamamoto, Kyoko Yano, Goro Honda, Katsutoshi Tokushige, Shuji Sakai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Purpose of the Report The aim of this study was to explore the different patterns of dynamic whole-body (D-WB) FDG PET/CT parameters among liver malignancy types as potential diagnostic clues and investigate the association between static and dynamic PET/CT parameters for each tumor histology. Patients and Methods Seventy-one patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), metastatic liver tumor (MLT), or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent D-WB and static dual-time-point FDG PET/CT were enrolled. We obtained Pearson correlation coefficients between the metabolic rate of FDG (MR FDG ; mg/min/ 100ml) or distribution volume of free FDG (DV FDG , %) and static PET/CT parameters. We compared MR FDG and DV FDG values by tumor type and performed receiver operating characteristic analyses for MR FDG and static images. Results A total of 12 ICC, 116 MLT, and 36 HCC lesions were analyzed. MR FDG and DV FDG showed excellent correlation with early (SUV e ) and delayed SUV max (SUV d ) ( r = 0.71~0.97), but DV FDG in the HCC lesions did not ( r = 0.62 and 0.69 for SUV e and SUV d , respectively) ( P &lt; 0.001 for all). HCC lesions showed significantly lower MR FDG (2.43 ± 1.98) and DV FDG (139.95 ± 62.58) than ICC (5.02 ± 3.56, 207.06 ± 97.13) and MLT lesions (4.51 ± 2.47, 180.13 ± 75.58) ( P &lt; 0.01 for all). The optimal MR FDG could differentiate HCC from ICC and MLT with areas under the curve of 0.84 and 0.80, respectively. Metastatic liver tumor lesions showed the widest distribution of MR FDG and DV FDG values but with no significant difference among most primary sites. Conclusions MR FDG was strongly correlated with SUV max in the 3 malignancies and showed utility for differentiating HCC from ICC and MLT. Each tumor type has a different glucose metabolism, and D-WB FDG PET/CT imaging has the potential to visualize those differences.
Hypothermia to 33 °C Following Cardiac Arrest
Authors: William E. Spears, David M. Greer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2023)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Bug in a mug: are hospital coffee machines transmitting pathogens?
Authors: Sarah Victoria Walker, Alessa Lalinka Boschert, Martina Wolke, Wolfgang A Wetsch
Journal: BMJ (2023)

A Wetsch 3,4 Coffee is an easily available stimulant that sustains the workforce.Healthcare workers in particular are renowned for their coffee dependence, and the coffee machines found in break rooms or at employees' home are well used-and regularly touched by bare hands.Fig 1 | Sampling re-enactment.A: drip tray; B: outlet; C: buttons; D:
Advanced structural brain aging in preclinical autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease
Authors: Peter R Millar, Brian A Gordon, Julie K Wisch, Stephanie A Schultz, Tammie LS Benzinger, Carlos Cruchaga, Jason J Hassenstab, Laura Ibanez, Celeste Karch, Jorge J Llibre-Guerra, John C Morris, Richard J Perrin, Charlene Supnet-Bell, Chengjie Xiong, Ricardo F Allegri, Sarah B Berman, Jasmeer P Chhatwal, Patricio A Chrem Mendez, Gregory S Day, Anna Hofmann, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Mathias Jucker, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Francisco Lopera, Yoshiki Niimi, Victor J Sánchez-González, Peter R Schofield, Ana Luisa Sosa-Ortiz, Jonathan Vöglein, Randall J Bateman, Beau M Ances, Eric M McDade
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2023)

Abstract Background “Brain-predicted age” estimates biological age from complex, nonlinear features in neuroimaging scans. The brain age gap (BAG) between predicted and chronological age is elevated in sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD), but is underexplored in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), in which AD progression is highly predictable with minimal confounding age-related co-pathology. Methods We modeled BAG in 257 deeply-phenotyped ADAD mutation-carriers and 179 non-carriers from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network using minimally-processed structural MRI scans. We then tested whether BAG differed as a function of mutation and cognitive status, or estimated years until symptom onset, and whether it was associated with established markers of amyloid (PiB PET, CSF amyloid-β-42/40), phosphorylated tau (CSF and plasma pTau-181), neurodegeneration (CSF and plasma neurofilament-light-chain [NfL]), and cognition (global neuropsychological composite and CDR-sum of boxes). We compared BAG to other MRI measures, and examined heterogeneity in BAG as a function of ADAD mutation variants, APOE ε4 carrier status, sex, and education. Results Advanced brain aging was observed in mutation-carriers approximately 7 years before expected symptom onset, in line with other established structural indicators of atrophy. BAG was moderately associated with amyloid PET and strongly associated with pTau-181, NfL, and cognition in mutation-carriers. Mutation variants, sex, and years of education contributed to variability in BAG. Conclusions We extend prior work using BAG from sporadic AD to ADAD, noting consistent results. BAG associates well with markers of pTau, neurodegeneration, and cognition, but to a lesser extent, amyloid, in ADAD. BAG may capture similar signal to established MRI measures. However, BAG offers unique benefits in simplicity of data processing and interpretation. Thus, results in this unique ADAD cohort with few age-related confounds suggest that brain aging attributable to AD neuropathology can be accurately quantified from minimally-processed MRI.
Analysis of Barbie medical and science career dolls: descriptive quantitative study
Authors: Katherine Klamer
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Objectives To identify Barbie brand dolls that had medicine and science themed professions in comparison with other career dolls and to determine their accuracy in meeting clinical and laboratory safety standards. Design Descriptive quantitative study. Setting Visual and data analysis of web searches. Main outcome measures To identify the kinds of medical and scientific subspecialties that the Barbie dolls (and a comparison doll group) worked in; and to determine whether these medical professional and scientist dolls met laboratory and clinical safety standards. Additional data about doll demographics (ie, age, ethnic group, and sex) were also collected. Participants 92 Barbie brand dolls were analyzed: doctor (n=53), scientist (n=10), science educator (n=2), nurse (n=15), dentist (n=11), and paramedic (n=1). 65 non-Barbie brand dolls were also analyzed for comparison purposes: doctor (n=26), scientist (n=27), nurse (n=7), dentist (n=2), engineer (n=2), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technician (n=1) dolls. Results Barbie brand medical professional dolls (n=80) largely treated children (66%, n=53/80), with only three (4%) medical professional dolls being directly depicted working with adults. Of the 12 scientist Barbie brand dolls, none met all proper personal protective equipment requirements related to hair and clothing. Barbie brand dolls often came with items, such as laboratory coats, microscopes, stethoscopes, and glasses, that children stereotypically associate with doctors and scientists. While comparison dolls offered a wider range of age and ethnic groups than the Barbie doll group did, the dolls similarly struggled to portray a wide range of medical and scientific subfields and most comparison dolls did not wear proper personal protective equipment. Conclusions Medicine and science themed dolls help to inspire tomorrow’s medical professionals and scientists. All toy companies should ensure that future medical professional and scientist dolls meet clinical and laboratory safety standards and diversify the types of medical and scientific professions represented (especially among male dominated fields). For young girls’ sakes as much as her own, Barbie must keep shattering glass ceilings.
Development of an MRI-Based Prediction Model for Anti-TNF Treatment Failure in Perianal Crohn’s Disease: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Jeffrey D McCurdy, Javeria Munir, Simon Parlow, Jacqueline Reid, Russell Yanofsky, Talal Alenezi, Joseph Meserve, Brenda Becker, Zubin Lahijanian, Anas Hussam Eddin, Ranjeeta Mallick, Tim Ramsay, Greg Rosenfeld, Ali Bessissow, Talat Bessissow, Vipul Jairath, Siddharth Singh, David H Bruining, Blair Macdonald
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2023)
Interim Analysis of a Trial Evaluating the Utility of Non-Targeted Biopsies for Colorectal Neoplasia Detection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sanjay K. Murthy, Charles N. Bernstein, Geoffrey C. Nguyen, Vipul Jairath, Robert Riddell, Dean Fergusson, James Conner, Tim Ramsay, Jane M. Castelli, Faria Ahmed, Neeraj Narula, Talat Bessissow, Brian Bressler, Mark Borgaonkar, Jennifer Jones, Dustin Loomes, Frank Hoentjen, Daniel C. Baumgart, Petros Zezos, Terrance Moyana, Jennifer Ramsay
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2023)
A super-pangenome of the North American wild grape species
Authors: Noé Cochetel, Andrea Minio, Andrea Guarracino, Jadran F. Garcia, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Mélanie Massonnet, Takao Kasuga, Jason P. Londo, Erik Garrison, Brandon S. Gaut, Dario Cantu
Journal: Genome biology (2023)

Abstract Background Capturing the genetic diversity of wild relatives is crucial for improving crops because wild species are valuable sources of agronomic traits that are essential to enhance the sustainability and adaptability of domesticated cultivars. Genetic diversity across a genus can be captured in super-pangenomes, which provide a framework for interpreting genomic variations. Results Here we report the sequencing, assembly, and annotation of nine wild North American grape genomes, which are phased and scaffolded at chromosome scale. We generate a reference-unbiased super-pangenome using pairwise whole-genome alignment methods, revealing the extent of the genomic diversity among wild grape species from sequence to gene level. The pangenome graph captures genomic variation between haplotypes within a species and across the different species, and it accurately assesses the similarity of hybrids to their parents. The species selected to build the pangenome are a great representation of the genus, as illustrated by capturing known allelic variants in the sex-determining region and for Pierce’s disease resistance loci. Using pangenome-wide association analysis, we demonstrate the utility of the super-pangenome by effectively mapping short reads from genus-wide samples and identifying loci associated with salt tolerance in natural populations of grapes. Conclusions This study highlights how a reference-unbiased super-pangenome can reveal the genetic basis of adaptive traits from wild relatives and accelerate crop breeding research.
Real-time guidance by deep learning of experienced operators to improve the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions
Authors: Sigbjorn Sabo, David Pasdeloup, Hakon Neergaard Pettersen, Erik Smistad, Andreas Østvik, Sindre Hellum Olaisen, Stian Bergseng Stølen, Bjørnar Leangen Grenne, Espen Holte, Lasse Lovstakken, Havard Dalen
Journal:  (2023)

Abstract Aims Impaired standardization of echocardiograms may increase inter-operator variability. This study aimed to determine whether the real-time guidance of experienced sonographers by deep learning (DL) could improve the standardization of apical recordings. Methods and results Patients (n = 88) in sinus rhythm referred for echocardiography were included. All participants underwent three examinations, whereof two were performed by sonographers and the third by cardiologists. In the first study period (Period 1), the sonographers were instructed to provide echocardiograms for the analyses of the left ventricular function. Subsequently, after brief training, the DL guidance was used in Period 2 by the sonographer performing the second examination. View standardization was quantified retrospectively by a human expert as the primary endpoint and the DL algorithm as the secondary endpoint. All recordings were scored in rotation and tilt both separately and combined and were categorized as standardized or non-standardized. Sonographers using DL guidance had more standardized acquisitions for the combination of rotation and tilt than sonographers without guidance in both periods (all P ≤ 0.05) when evaluated by the human expert and DL [except for the apical two-chamber (A2C) view by DL evaluation]. When rotation and tilt were analysed individually, A2C and apical long-axis rotation and A2C tilt were significantly improved, and the others were numerically improved when evaluated by the echocardiography expert. Furthermore, all, except for A2C rotation, were significantly improved when evaluated by DL (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusion Real-time guidance by DL improved the standardization of echocardiographic acquisitions by experienced sonographers. Future studies should evaluate the impact with respect to variability of measurements and when used by less-experienced operators. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04580095
Rethinking atoll futures: local resilience to global challenges
Authors: Sebastian Steibl, Paul S. Kench, Hillary S. Young, Alex S. Wegmann, Nick D. Holmes, Nancy Bunbury, Teurumereariki Hinano Teavai-Murphy, Neil Davies, Frank Murphy, James C. Russell
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2023)

Atoll islands are often perceived as inevitably lost due to rising sea levels. However, unlike other islands, atoll islands are dynamic landforms that have evolved, at least historically, to vertically accrete at a pace commensurate with changing sea levels. Rather than atoll islands' low elevation per se, the impairment of natural accretion processes is jeopardising their persistence. While global marine impacts are deteriorating coral reefs, local impacts also significantly affect accretion, together potentially tipping the scales toward atoll island erosion. Maintaining atoll island accretion requires intact sediment generation on coral reefs, unobstructed sediment transport from reef to island, and available vegetated deposition sites on the island. Ensuring the persistence of atoll islands must include global greenhouse gas emission reduction and local restoration of accretion processes.
Effect of a doctor working during the festive period on population health: natural experiment using 60 years of <i>Doctor Who</i> episodes (the TARDIS study)
Authors: Richard D Riley
Journal: BMJ (2023)

Abstract Objective To examine the effect of a (fictional) doctor working during the festive period on population health. Design Natural experiment. Setting England, Wales, and the UK. Main outcome measures Age standardised annual mortality rates in England, Wales, and the UK from 1963, when the BBC first broadcast Doctor Who , a fictional programme with a character called the Doctor who fights villains and intervenes to save others while travelling through space and time. Mortality rates were modelled in a time series analysis accounting for non-linear trends over time, and associations were estimated in relation to a new Doctor Who episode broadcast during the previous festive period, 24 December to 1 January. An interrupted time series analysis modelled the shift in mortality rates from 2005, when festive episodes of Doctor Who could be classed as a yearly Christmas intervention. Results 31 festive periods from 1963 have featured a new Doctor Who episode, including 14 broadcast on Christmas Day. In time series analyses, an association was found between broadcasts during the festive period and subsequent lower annual mortality rates. In particular, episodes shown on Christmas Day were associated with 0.60 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval 0.21 to 0.99; P=0.003) in England and Wales and 0.40 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.08 to 0.73; P=0.02) in the UK. The interrupted time series analysis showed a strong shift (reduction) in mortality rates from 2005 onwards in association with the Doctor Who Christmas intervention, with a mean 0.73 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.21 to 1.26; P=0.01) in England and Wales and a mean 0.62 fewer deaths per 1000 person years (0.16 to 1.09; P=0.01) in the UK. Conclusions A new Doctor Who episode shown every festive period, especially on Christmas Day, was associated with reduced mortality rates in England, Wales, and the UK, suggesting that a doctor working over the festive period could lower mortality rates. This finding reinforces why healthcare provision should not be taken for granted and may prompt the BBC and Disney+ to televise new episodes of Doctor Who every festive period, ideally on Christmas Day.