tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VDAC2 primes myeloma cells for BAK-dependent apoptosis and represents a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Ophélie Champion, Sophie Maïga, Chloé Antier, Christelle Dousset, Agnès Moreau-Aubry, Céline Bellanger, François Guillonneau, Géraldine Descamps, Jose Antonio Moreno, Ohyun Kwon, Nicoletta Libera Lilli, Philippe Moreau, David Chiron, Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck, Cyrille Touzeau, Patricia Gomez-Bougie
Journal: Leukemia (2025)
Long-term outcomes of passive immunotherapy for COVID-19: A pooled analysis of a large multinational platform randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ahmad Mourad, Gregory A Grandits, Lianne K Siegel, Nicole Engen, Christina Barkauskas, Nnakelu Eriobu, Mamta Jain, Tomas O Jensen, Adit Ginde, Elizabeth Higgs, Daniel B Knox, Jonathan Kitonsa, Kami Kim, Jakob J Malin, Vasiliki Rapti, D Ashley Price, Alfredo J Mena Lora, Gail Mathews, Eleftherios Mylonakis, Thomas A Murray, Uriel Sandkovsky, Roger Paredes, Srikanth Ramachandruni, Cavan Reilly, David Vock, John C Williamson, Barnaby Edward Young, Wesley H Self, Jens Lundgren, Thomas L Holland
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Real world data on digital remote refraction in a healthy population of 14,680 eyes
Authors: Casper van der Zee, Heshow Jamal, Marc Muijzer, Laurence Frank, Gerko Vink, Robert Wisse
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Abstract Refractive errors are the leading cause of preventable visual impairment, to which web-based remote refraction could contribute. We report real-world 2021–2022 data of the underlying algorithm and validated these to conventional prescriptions among healthy individuals (high visual acuity and satisfactied current refraction). Participants were 18–45 years with a spherical (S) error between −3.50 + 2.00S to −2.00 Diopter Cylinder (DC), reported as Spherical Equivalent (SEQ) in mean differences and 95% Limits of agreement. Consecutive measurements ( n = 14,680) were assessed of which n = 6386 selected for validation. The mean difference was 0.01D(SD 0.69) and −0.73D(SD 0.92) for myopes and hyperopes respectively. This algorithm shows variation, nonetheless, 67% and 82% of myopes were within ±0.5 and ±0.75D. The test underestimates hyperopes (34% and 50% within ±0.5D and ±0.75D) and had inconsistencies distinguishing hyperopia. This proof-of-concept shows home testing has the potency to increase accessibility to care by delivering a valuable alternative for uncomplicated refractive assessments.
Predicting appropriateness of antibiotic treatment among ICU patients with hospital-acquired infection
Authors: Ella Goldschmidt, Ella Rannon, Daniel Bernstein, Asaf Wasserman, Michael Roimi, Anat Shrot, Dan Coster, Ron Shamir
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Antimicrobial resistance is a rising global health threat, leading to ineffective treatments, increased mortality and rising healthcare costs. In ICUs, inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy is often given due to treatment urgency, causing poor outcomes. This study developed a machine learning model to predict the appropriateness of empiric antibiotics for ICU-acquired bloodstream infections, using data from the MIMIC-III database. To address missing values and dataset imbalances, novel computational methods were introduced. The model achieved an AUROC of 77.3% and AUPRC of 40.4% on validation, with similar results on external datasets from MIMIC-IV and Rambam Hospital. The model also predicted mortality risk, identifying a 30% mortality rate in high-risk patients versus 16.8% in low-risk groups. External validation on the eICU database showed a comparable gap, with mortality rates at 24% for high-risk and 7.7% for low-risk groups. Our study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models to predict inappropriate empiric antibiotic treatment.
CORE-MD clinical risk score for regulatory evaluation of artificial intelligence-based medical device software
Authors: Frank E. Rademakers, Elisabetta Biasin, Nico Bruining, Enrico G. Caiani, Rhodri H. Davies, Stephen H. Gilbert, Eric Kamenjasevic, Gearóid McGauran, Gearóid O’Connor, Jean-Baptiste Rouffet, Baptiste Vasey, Alan G. Fraser
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

The European CORE–MD consortium (Coordinating Research and Evidence for Medical Devices) proposes a score for medical devices incorporating artificial intelligence or machine learning algorithms. Its domains are summarised as valid clinical association, technical performance, and clinical performance. High scores indicate that extensive clinical investigations should be undertaken before regulatory approval, whereas lower scores indicate devices for which less pre-market clinical evaluation may be balanced by more post-market evidence.
Real world federated learning with a knowledge distilled transformer for cardiac CT imaging
Authors: Malte Tölle, Philipp Garthe, Clemens Scherer, Jan Moritz Seliger, Andreas Leha, Nina Krüger, Stefan Simm, Simon Martin, Sebastian Eble, Halvar Kelm, Moritz Bednorz, Florian André, Peter Bannas, Gerhard Diller, Norbert Frey, Stefan Groß, Anja Hennemuth, Lars Kaderali, Alexander Meyer, Eike Nagel, Stefan Orwat, Moritz Seiffert, Tim Friede, Tim Seidler, Sandy Engelhardt
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)
A multimodal multidomain multilingual medical foundation model for zero shot clinical diagnosis
Authors: Fenglin Liu, Zheng Li, Qingyu Yin, Jinfa Huang, Jiebo Luo, Anshul Thakur, Kim Branson, Patrick Schwab, Bing Yin, Xian Wu, Yefeng Zheng, David A. Clifton
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2025)

Radiology images are one of the most commonly used in daily clinical diagnosis. Typically, clinical diagnosis using radiology images involves disease reporting and classification, where the former is a multimodal task whereby textual reports are generated to describe clinical findings in images, as are common in various domains, e.g., chest X-ray or computed tomography. Existing approaches are mainly supervised, the quality of which heavily depends on the volume and quality of available labeled data. However, for rarer or more novel diseases, enrolling patients to collect data is both time-consuming and expensive. For non-English languages, sufficient quantities of labeled data are typically not available. We propose the Multimodal Multidomain Multilingual Foundation Model. It is useful for rare diseases and non-English languages, where the labeled data are frequently much more scarce, and may even be absent. Our approach achieves encouraging performances on nine datasets, including 2 infectious and 14 non-infectious diseases.
Multifunctional Zwitterionic <i>N</i>‐Oxide Polymers to Overcome Cascade Physiological Barriers for Efficient Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Moujiang Zheng, Yufei Cao, Qinghao Zhou, Jiale Si, Guopu Huang, Yuanyuan Ji, Youshen Wu, Zhishen Ge
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract For efficient anticancer drug delivery, cascade physiological barriers must be overcome, which requires the drug delivery vehicles to possess different or even opposite properties at different stages. Poly(tertiary amine‐oxide) (PTAO) polymers with the zwitterionic feature have distinct antifouling properties in blood circulation, which can be reduced and protonated in hypoxic tumors to promote cellular internalization. Nevertheless, the effects of various PTAO structures have not been studied systemically and optimized. In this report, the side groups of PTAO are proposed to be optimized by modulating the structures. Poly(2‐( N ‐oxide‐hexamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate) (POC7A) with a cyclic seven‐membered ring is screened as the optimized PTAO structure for in vivo applications. Moreover, the block copolymer POC7A‐block‐poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (POC7A‐PCL) is prepared for the formation of micelles in aqueous solution for delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The zwitterionic nature of POC7A shells with efficient bioreductive activity and protonation in the tumor microenvironment endows the micelles with excellent antifouling properties for long blood circulation, efficient tumor accumulation, deep penetration, and effective cellular internalization. Thus, the DOX‐loaded micelles exhibit potent antitumor efficacy after intravenous administration. Zwitterionic POC7A can be used as antifouling shells of the anticancer drug delivery nanocarriers to overcome the cascade physiological barriers efficiently.
Unwinding of Continuous Medicaid Coverage Among Pediatric Community Health Center Patients
Authors: Wyatt P. Bensken, Jenine Dankovchik, Hannah L. Fein, Gabrielle Duhon, Marion R. Sills
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance During the COVID-19 pandemic public health emergency, states provided continuous Medicaid coverage to enrollees. In April 2023, states began to unwind this continuous coverage, prompting concern about the impact of this on pediatric patients. Objective To examine loss of coverage during the unwinding of continuous Medicaid coverage among pediatric patients seen at community-based health care organizations. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study with statistical analysis in November 2024 included pediatric patients from a multistate network of community-based health care organizations. Participants were aged up to 17 years at both their last Medicaid-insured visit during the continuous coverage period and at their first visit during the unwinding period (April 1, 2023, to March 31, 2024). Exposures Age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, and medical complexity. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was Medicaid disenrollment to uninsured status during the unwinding period. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of ever being uninsured during unwinding, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the time to uninsured status from the start of unwinding in each patient’s state of residence through the end of March 2024. Associations between age, sex, race and ethnicity, language, and medical complexity and the outcome were assessed. Results Among 450 146 pediatric patients, mean (SD) patient age was 8.11 (5.07) years and 50.1% were male. Overall, 8.7% were disenrolled from Medicaid to uninsured status. Patients aged 12 to 17 years had the highest estimated disenrollment among age groups ( 10.5%), but after adjustment, all other age groups had lower odds of disenrollment compared with those younger than 1 year. Females had higher odds of disenrollment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.15 [95% CI, 1.13-1.18]; adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.12-1.17]) than males. American Indian or Alaska Native patients had higher odds of disenrollment (AOR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.81-2.09]; AHR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.05-3.13]) than White patients, with estimated disenrollment of 17.1% vs 9.4%. Compared with patients with low medical complexity, those with either chronic but noncomplex (AOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.79-1.88]; AHR, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.44-2.27]) or complex chronic (AOR, 1.95 95% CI, 1.89-2.00]; AHR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.67-2.21]) medical complexity had higher odds of disenrollment. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of previously Medicaid-insured pediatric patients seen at community-based health care organizations, a meaningful proportion of patients were disenrolled to uninsured status during the unwinding of continuous Medicaid coverage, with associated differences by demographic and clinical characteristics. This could impact access to care and health outcomes for the patients.
The Emerging Landscape of Tubercular Targets: A Medicinal Chemistry Approach
Authors: Baji Baba Shaik, Kimeshni Moodley, Safiyah Ghumran, Muhammad D. Bala, Parvesh Singh, Rajshekhar Karpoormath
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2025)

ABSTRACT Antitubercular drug discovery progress in the last decade, especially research on the biological function, target inhibition and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis has considerably advanced. The application of target‐based drug discovery techniques have become a more powerful tool for medicinal chemists in developing new therapeutic strategies, such as its application in the identification/validation of new targets, new leads, and drug candidates with optimized efficacy. This has been further evidenced by the recent approval of delamanid and bedaquiline for the treatment of MDR‐TB and XDR‐TB, respectively. While a TB drug pipeline has shown great development, high attrition rates must constantly replenish the pipeline with high‐quality leads acting through the inhibition of new targets. This review provides a critical analysis of the approaches used to advance hit compounds into viable lead candidates as well as the possible influence of new targets on drug development in the near future. Finally, we concluded with the present challenges that are faced in TB drug development.
Telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention for glycemic control in patients with CHD and T2DM: multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Stephan Mueller, Sophia M. T. Dinges, Felix Gass, Isabel Fegers-Wustrow, Julian Treitschke, Pia von Korn, Alessandra Boscheri, Janosch Krotz, Felix Freigang, Clara Dubois, Ephraim B. Winzer, Axel Linke, Frank Edelmann, Anna Feuerstein, Oliver Wolfram, Kerstin Schäfer, Marlo Verket, Bernd Wolfarth, Marcus Dörr, Rolf Wachter, Björn Hackenberg, Sarah Rust, Thomas Nebling, Volker Amelung, Martin Halle
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)

Abstract Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a substantially increased risk for major cardiovascular events and mortality. Increasing physical activity and improving a healthy diet may effectively reduce cardiovascular risk factors; however, the effects are often transient. In a multicenter, 1:1 randomized controlled trial including 502 patients with combined CHD and T2DM (68 ± 8 years; 84% men), we assessed the effects of a home-based telemedicine-supported lifestyle intervention (exercise training, nutritional recommendations and health literacy training) with regular individualized feedback versus usual care. The study met its primary endpoint of reduced glycated hemoglobin after 6 months in favor of the lifestyle intervention group (mean between-group difference in the complete-case analysis ( n = 197 and n = 193), −0.13% (95% confidence interval, −0.25 to −0.01), P = 0.04). When individualized feedback and health literacy training were discontinued after 6 months (while other telemedicine tools were maintained), no statistically significant between-group differences were observed at 12 months. At 12 months, 31 patients (6.2%) had a major adverse cardiovascular event (lifestyle intervention, n = 20 (8.0%); usual care, n = 11 (4.4%); P = 0.15), with the main reason being hospitalization for angina or revascularization (lifestyle intervention, n = 15; usual care, n = 8). There were five deaths (lifestyle intervention, n = 2; usual care, n = 3), none of which were categorized as related to the intervention. However, three events that resulted in hospitalization were categorized as potentially related to the intervention (decompensation of heart failure, vertebral disc prolapse and inguinal hernia). In conclusion, a home-based lifestyle intervention with telemedicine support showed modest effects in patients with CHD and T2DM. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03835923 .
Symptom monitoring with electronic patient-reported outcomes during cancer treatment: final results of the PRO-TECT cluster-randomized trial
Authors: Ethan Basch, Deborah Schrag, Jennifer Jansen, Sydney Henson, Brenda Ginos, Angela M. Stover, Philip Carr, Patricia A. Spears, Mattias Jonsson, Allison M. Deal, Antonia V. Bennett, Gita Thanarajasingam, Lauren Rogak, Bryce B. Reeve, Claire Snyder, Deborah Bruner, David Cella, Lisa A. Kottschade, Jane Perlmutter, Cindy Geoghegan, Barbara Given, Gina L. Mazza, Robert Miller, Jon F. Strasser, Dylan M. Zylla, Anna Weiss, Victoria S. Blinder, Anna P. Wolf, Amylou C. Dueck
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Small circular RNAs as vaccines for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Zhang, Xiang Liu, Tingting Shen, Qiyan Wang, Shurong Zhou, Suling Yang, Shimiao Liao, Ting Su, Lei Mei, Bei Zhang, Khoa Huynh, Linying Xie, Youzhong Guo, Chunqing Guo, Katarzyna M. Tyc, Xufeng Qu, Xiang-Yang Wang, Jinze Liu, Guizhi Zhu
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2025)
CAR-macrophage therapy for HER2-overexpressing advanced solid tumors: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Kim A. Reiss, Mathew G. Angelos, E. Claire Dees, Yuan Yuan, Naoto T. Ueno, Paula R. Pohlmann, Melissa L. Johnson, Joseph Chao, Olga Shestova, Jonathan S. Serody, Maggie Schmierer, Madison Kremp, Michael Ball, Rehman Qureshi, Benjamin H. Schott, Poonam Sonawane, Sabrina Ceeraz DeLong, Melissa Christiano, Ramona F. Swaby, Sascha Abramson, Ken Locke, Debora Barton, Eugene Kennedy, Saar Gill, Daniel Cushing, Michael Klichinsky, Thomas Condamine, Yara Abdou
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Hydrophobic vehicles for hydrophilic drugs: Sustained intravitreal caffeine delivery with oleogels
Authors: Nan Jiang, Wei Guo, Si-Yu Wang, Xin-Xin Liu, Yu-Qing Yin, Ke-Xin Xiong, Xiang-Yu Li, Cheng Liu, Kai-Hui Nan, Jiang-Fan Chen, Jing-Jie Wang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Red deer resequencing reveals the importance of sex chromosomes for reconstructing Late Quaternary events
Authors: Menno J de Jong, Gabriel Anaya, Aidin Niamir, Javier Pérez-González, Camilla Broggini, Alberto Membrillo del Pozo, Marcel Nebenfuehr, Eva de la Peña, Jordi Ruiz-Olmo, Jose Manuel Seoane, Giovanni Vedel, Aurelie Barboiron, Luděk Bartoš, Elena Buzan, Ruth F Carden, Giorgi Darchiashvili, Gačić Dragan, Alain C Frantz, Adrien Gérard, Araceli Gort-Esteve, Etienne Guillaumat, Anja Hantschmann, Mahmoud-Reza Hemami, Jacob Höglund, Joost F de Jong, Niko Kerdikoshvili, Christian Kern, Dean Konjevic, Petr Koubek, Nikoleta Karaiskou, Maryline Pellerin, Jarmila Krojerová-Prokešová, Allan D McDevitt, Stefan Merker, Markus Pfenninger, Knut H Røed, Christine Saint-Andrieux, Fatih Sarigol, Maciej Sykut, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Josephine Pemberton, Urmas Saarma, Laura Iacolina, Magdalena Niedziałkowska, Frank E Zachos, Juan Carranza, Axel Janke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2025)

Sex chromosomes differ in their inheritance properties from autosomes, and hence may encode complementary information about past demographic events. We compiled and analysed a range-wide resequencing dataset of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), one of the few Eurasian herbivores of the Late Pleistocene megafauna still found throughout much of its historic range. Our analyses of 144 whole genomes reveal striking discrepancies between the population clusters suggested by autosomal and X-chromosomal data. We postulate that the genetic legacy of Late Glacial population structure is better captured and preserved by the X chromosome than by autosomes, for two reasons. First, X chromosomes have a lower Ne and hence lose genetic variation faster during isolation in glacial refugia, causing increased population differentiation. Second, following postglacial recolonisation and secondary contact, immigrant males pass on their X chromosomes to female offspring only, which effectively halves the migration rate when gene flow is male-mediated. Our study illustrates how a comparison between autosomal and sex chromosomal phylogeographic signals unravels past demographic processes which otherwise would remain hidden.
Re: Childhood, adolescent and young adulthood cancer risk in <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i> pathogenic variant carriers
Authors: Christian P Kratz, Sharon E Plon, Philip J Lupo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2025)

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Re: Childhood, adolescent and young adulthood cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers Get access Christian P Kratz, M.D, Christian P Kratz, M.D Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Correspondence to: Christian P. Kratz, MD, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]). Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sharon E Plon, M.D, Sharon E Plon, M.D Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip J Lupo, Ph.D Philip J Lupo, Ph.D Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, djaf027, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djaf027 Published: 05 February 2025 Article history Received: 12 December 2024 Accepted: 16 December 2024 Published: 05 February 2025
Intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis requires CD4+ T cells and CD8α+ lymphocytes
Authors: Andrew W. Simonson, Joseph J. Zeppa, Allison N. Bucsan, Michael C. Chao, Supriya Pokkali, Forrest Hopkins, Michael R. Chase, Andrew J. Vickers, Matthew S. Sutton, Caylin G. Winchell, Amy J. Myers, Cassaundra L. Ameel, Ryan J. Kelly, Ben Krouse, Luke E. Hood, Jiaxiang Li, Chelsea C. Lehman, Megha Kamath, Jaime Tomko, Mark A. Rodgers, Rachel Donlan, Harris Chishti, H. Jacob Borish, Edwin Klein, Charles A. Scanga, Sarah M. Fortune, Philana Ling Lin, Pauline Maiello, Mario Roederer, Patricia A. Darrah, Robert A. Seder, JoAnne L. Flynn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health burden worldwide despite widespread intradermal (ID) BCG vaccination in newborns. We previously demonstrated that changing the BCG route and dose from 5 × 105 CFUs ID to 5 × 107 CFUs i.v. resulted in prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and TB disease in highly susceptible nonhuman primates. Identifying immune mechanisms protection following i.v. BCG will facilitate development of more effective vaccines against TB. Here, we depleted lymphocyte subsets prior to and during Mtb challenge in i.v. BCG-vaccinated macaques to identify those necessary for protection. Depletion of adaptive CD4 T cells, but not adaptive CD8αβ T cells, resulted in loss of protection with increased Mtb burdens and dissemination, indicating that CD4 T cells are critical to i.v. BCG-mediated protection. Depletion of unconventional CD8α-expressing lymphocytes (NK cells, innate T cells, and CD4+CD8α+ double-positive T cells) abrogated protection in most i.v. BCG-immunized macaques, supporting further investigation into which of these cell subsets contribute to protection after vaccination.
Noninvasive assessment of a bioconductive patch for treating atrial fibrillation with magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Adrian Tabora Dychiao, Ting-Hsuan Lu, Sheng-Yao Peng, Fan Chen, Siyang Song, Chongyu Zhang, Minyao Wang, Sophia Shi, Jun Wu, Shu-Hong Li, Yen Chang, Hsing-Wen Sung, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)