tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FLASH radiation reprograms lipid metabolism and macrophage immunity and sensitizes medulloblastoma to CAR-T cell therapy
Authors: Haiwei Ni, Zachary J. Reitman, Wei Zou, Md Naushad Akhtar, Ritama Paul, Menggui Huang, Duo Zhang, Hao Zheng, Ruitao Zhang, Ruiying Ma, Gina Ngo, Lin Zhang, Eric S. Diffenderfer, S. Azar Oliaei Motlagh, Michele M. Kim, Andy J. Minn, Jay F. Dorsey, Jessica B. Foster, James Metz, Constantinos Koumenis, David G. Kirsch, Yanqing Gong, Yi Fan
Journal: Nature Cancer (2025)
Stepwise Provisional Versus Systematic Dual-Stent Strategies for Treatment of True Left Main Coronary Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Sandeep Arunothayaraj, Mohaned Egred, Adrian P. Banning, Philippe Brunel, Miroslaw Ferenc, Thomas Hovasse, Adrian Wlodarczak, Manuel Pan, Thomas Schmitz, Marc Silvestri, Andreis Erglis, Evgeny Kretov, Jens Flensted Lassen, Alaide Chieffo, Thierry Lefèvre, Francesco Burzotta, James Cockburn, Olivier Darremont, Goran Stankovic, Marie-Claude Morice, Yves Louvard, David Hildick-Smith
Journal: Circulation (2025)

BACKGROUND: The optimal coronary stenting technique for true left main bifurcation lesions is uncertain. EBC MAIN (European Bifurcation Club Left Main Trial) aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of a stepwise provisional strategy compared with a systematic dual-stent approach. METHODS: EBC MAIN was a randomized, investigator-initiated, open-label, multicenter, parallel-group trial conducted across 35 hospitals in 11 European countries. A total of 467 participants undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for unprotected true left main bifurcation lesions were randomly assigned to the stepwise provisional strategy (n=230) or an upfront dual-stent approach (n=237). The mean (SD) age was 71 (10) years and 23% of participants were women. The primary end point was a composite of major adverse cardiac events, defined as all-cause mortality, all myocardial infarction, or clinically driven target lesion revascularization. Events were adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee and all analyses were by the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: At 3 years, the primary end point occurred in 54 of 230 (23.5%) stepwise provisional and 70 of 237 (29.5%) dual-stent patients (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.53–1.07]; P =0.11). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (10.0% versus 13.1%) or myocardial infarction (12.2% versus 11.0%). However, target lesion revascularization was significantly lower in the stepwise provisional group (8.3% versus 15.6%; hazard ratio, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.29–0.86]; P =0.013). In this population, the mean side vessel diameter by quantitative angiography was 2.9 mm, and median side vessel lesion length was 5 mm. Significant interactions were identified between the assigned bifurcation strategy and both side vessel diameter and lesion length with respect to the primary outcome ( P =0.009 and P =0.005, respectively), with smaller vessels (&lt;3.25 mm diameter) and shorter lesions (&lt;10 mm length) favoring the provisional approach. CONCLUSIONS: In a European population with true left main stem bifurcation coronary disease requiring intervention, there was no difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between stepwise provisional and systematic dual-stent strategies at 3 years. Target lesion revascularization was significantly less frequent with the stepwise provisional approach, which should be the default strategy for noncomplex left main bifurcation coronary intervention. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02497014.
Determinants of Four-Year Visual Acuity Loss in Geographic Atrophy – An Analysis of AREDS and AREDS2
Authors: Liangbo Linus Shen, Peter K Kaiser, Jeremy Liu, Jay M Stewart, Michael Heyang, Tiarnan D L Keenan, Janet S Sunness, Philip J Rosenfeld, Emily Y Chew, Lucian V Del Priore
Journal: Ophthalmology (2025)
Addition of aerobic physical activity to resistance exercise for hip osteoarthritis (PHOENIX): a randomised comparative effectiveness trial
Authors: Michelle Hall, Kim Allison, Gabrielle Knox, Fiona McManus, Rana S Hinman, Kim L Bennell, Libby Spiers, Anurika P De Silva, David M Klyne, Melanie L Plinsinga, Ricardo J S Costa, Nicholas J Murphy, Wen Wu, Fiona L Dobson
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2025)
Refining strategies for biological and targeted synthetic DMARD initiation in rheumatoid arthritis – Authors' reply
Authors: Mark D Russell, Mark Gibson, Benjamin Zuckerman, Kanta Kumar, Shirish Dubey, Maryam A Adas, Edward Alveyn, Samir Patel, Zijing Yang, Katie Bechman, Elizabeth Price, Sarah Gallagher, Andrew P Cope, Sam Norton, James B Galloway
Journal: The Lancet Rheumatology (2025)
Comparative efficacy and safety of ablative therapies in the management of primary localised renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ryan S Huang, Ronald Chow, Ali Benour, David Chen, Gabriel Boldt, Christopher J D Wallis, Anand Swaminath, Charles B Simone, Michael Lock, Srinivas Raman
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2025)
Trends in incidence, metastasis, and mortality from thyroid cancer in the USA from 1975 to 2019: a population-based study of age, period, and cohort effects
Authors: Michelle M Chen, Michael Luu, Wendy L Sacks, Lisa Orloff, Lauren P Wallner, Jon Mallen-St Clair, Susan C Pitt, Allen S Ho, Zachary S Zumsteg
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2025)
ProstAtlasDiff: Prostate cancer detection on MRI using Diffusion Probabilistic Models guided by population spatial cancer atlases
Authors: Cynthia Xinran Li, Indrani Bhattacharya, Sulaiman Vesal, Pejman Ghanouni, Hassan Jahanandish, Richard E Fan, Geoffrey A Sonn, Mirabela Rusu
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2025)
Performance measures for small-bowel endoscopy: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative – Update 2025
Authors: Reena Sidhu, Mohamed G. Shiha, Cristina Carretero, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Xavier Dray, Alessandro Mussetto, Martin Keuchel, Cristiano Spada, Edward J. Despott, Stefania Chetcuti Zammit, Deirdre McNamara, Emanuele Rondonotti, João Sabino, Monika Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Abstract Quality markers and patient experience are being implemented to ensure standardization of practice across gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy procedures. The set benchmarks ensure high quality procedures are delivered and linked to measurable outcomes. There has been an increase in the demand for small-bowel endoscopy. In 2019, the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) embarked on setting performance measures for small-bowel endoscopy. This included major (key) and minor performance indicators for both small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE). These suggested quality indicators cover all procedure domains, from patient selection and preparation, to intraprocedural aspects such as pathology identification, appropriate management, the patient experience, and post-procedure complications. Since 2019, there has been an increase in published studies looking at different aspects of small-bowel endoscopy, including real-world data. This paper provides an update on the 2019 performance measures, considering the latest literature.
Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting Myeloid IL-8/ CXCR2 Signaling
Authors: Tsz Tung Kwong, Zhewen Xiong, Yiling Zhang, Haoran Wu, Jianquan Cao, Patrick Pak-Chun Wong, Xiaoyu Liu, Jing Wang, Chi Hang Wong, Gary Man-Kit Tse, Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung, Jingying Zhou, Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng, Stephen Lam Chan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2025)

Durable response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are limited to a minority of patients, yet reliable biomarkers are still lacking. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) are associated with HCC progression, and IL-8 is known as the chemoattractant for immunosuppressive myeloid cells. Therefore, we aim to elucidate the ICB resistance mechanisms mediated by the activation of the IL-8/CXCR2 pathway. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were performed in advanced HCC patients with baseline and on-treatment biopsy after pembrolizumab in a Phase II clinical trial cohort. Our data revealed that IL-8 and its receptor, CXCR2 mainly derived from the immunosuppressive myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Particularly, high circulating IL-8 level strongly associated with poor ICB response. This myeloid IL-8/CXCR2 pathway was further elucidated in our ICB-resistant orthotopic mouse model using AZD5069, a clinically available CXCR2 antagonist. Suppression of IL-8/CXCR2 pathway significantly abrogated MDSCs trafficking and immunosuppressive activity, which sensitized the anti-PD-L1 blockade to reduce tumor growth and prolong survival. The association between myeloid IL-8 and ICB therapeutic outcome also extended to multiple cancer types. Collectively, our study not only suggests a potential non-invasive biomarker for patient stratification and monitoring of ICB response, but also provides a proof-of-concept for combinational immunotherapy to benefit patients who are non-responsive to ICB monotherapy.
Heme-thiolate monooxygenase cytochrome P450 1B1, an old dog with many new tricks
Authors: Jong-Won Kim, Hung-Chun Tung, Bin Yang, Rajat Pant, Xiuchen Guan, Ye Feng, Wen Xie
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2025)

Cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 is a heme-thiolate monooxygenase traditionally recognized for its xenobiotic functions and extrahepatic expressions. Recent studies have suggested that CYP1B1 is also expressed in hepatic stellate cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment, as well as tumor cells themselves. CYP1B1 is responsible for the metabolism of a wide range of substrates, including xenobiotics such as drugs, environmental chemicals, and endobiotics such as steroids, retinol, and fatty acids. Consequently, CYP1B1 and its associated exogenous and endogenous metabolites have been critically implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Understanding the mode of action of CYP1B1 in different pathophysiological conditions and developing pharmacological inhibitors that allow for systemic or cell type-specific modulation of CYP1B1 may pave the way for novel therapeutic opportunities. This review highlights the significant role of CYP1B1 in maintaining physiological homeostasis and provides a comprehensive discussion of recent advancements in our understanding of CYP1B1's involvement in the pathogenesis of diseases such as fibrosis, cancer, glaucoma, and metabolic disorders. Finally, the review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of targeting CYP1B1 for drug development, particularly in the treatment and prevention of cancers and liver fibrosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: CYP1B1 plays a critical role in various physiological processes. Dysregulation or genetic mutations of the gene encoding this enzyme can lead to health complications and may increase the risk of diseases such as cancer and liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and clinical evidence that underscores the potential of CYP1B1 as a therapeutic target.
A stent too far: endoscopic ultrasonography-guided duodenojejunostomy for malignant duodenal obstruction after placement of a stent in the horizontal part
Authors: Zheng Zhao, Zheng Zhang, Xinghua Zhang, Anni Zhou, Peng Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy offers distinctive benefits in the management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction [11] [22]. When faced with unusual obstruction, the endoscopist must find an appropriate place to "build a bridge" [33]. Here, we report a case of EUS-guided duodenojejunostomy following placement of a duodenal stent in the horizontal part.
Hemostasis of active bleeding in the duodenal bulb using a sharp-clawed reopenable endoclip under gel immersion endoscopy
Authors: Daiki Kitagawa, Shusei Fukunaga, Yumie Kobayashi, Akinobu Nakata, Mitsuhiro Kono, Masaki Ominami, Yasuhiro Fujiwara
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

An 87-year-old woman who was taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for fracture of the right distal radius underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for melena at another hospital. The EGD revealed a large ulcer with a blood clot on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb ([Fig. 1]), and she was referred to our hospital for treatment.
Opportunistic myiasis is a rare complication in patients with feeding gastrostomy tube
Authors: Ayman Alsebaey, Hassan Abdullah Alsolami, Salem Mohamed Bafarag, Amr Ibrahim Issa, Fahd Mohammed Almalki
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

A 55-year-old man who suffered from cancer of the larynx was referred 6 months ago for endoscopic percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) for feeding. The PEG was placed using an ultrathin scope to pass the throat mass. The patient received multiple chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions. The patient's family came to the emergency room when they noticed worms in his undershirt. The abdomen was lax on examination, and on removal of the old dirty dressing, a lot of maggots were seen moving around the gastrostomy tube ([Fig. 1] , [Video 1]). Mild cellulitis was noted in the surrounding area. The dermatologist and surgeon were consulted, and irrigation, larvae extraction, and a petroleum jelly dressing were applied successfully. Topical antibiotics were prescribed. A new replacement gastrostomy was performed successfully. Family education was provided and good hygiene encouraged.
Single-use cholangioscope-assisted diagnosis of a large sessile serrated lesion within the appendix
Authors: Guang Yang, Suhuan Liao, Silin Huang, Jingsong Wang, Jianzhen Ren, Bo Li, Ronggang Zhang
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Appendiceal lesions are predominantly discovered incidentally during appendectomy for other indications. Single-use cholangioscopes, used in the management of appendicitis and diverticulitis, facilitate direct visualization of the appendix and diverticula [1] [2]. We present a case of a large appendiceal lesion, adeptly diagnosed via direct visualization with a 9-Fr single-use cholangioscope (EyeMax, Micro-Tech, Nanjing, China) ([Video 1]).
Endoscopic resection with one-port placement for duodenal neuroendocrine tumor: toward more minimally invasive endoscopic management
Authors: Elsayed Ghoneem, Osamu Dohi, Tomoko Ochiai, Naoto Iwai, Naohisa Yoshida, Kazuya Takabatake, Takeshi Kubota
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Endoscopic resection with one-port placement (EROPP) was initially reported as a hybrid endoscopic full-thickness resection procedure, offering a safe and minimally invasive treatment option for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors [1]. A key advantage of EROPP is its ability to maintain constant intra-abdominal pressure and ensure a clear visual field during endoscopy [1]. This report presents the first use of EROPP in treating a small duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in a patient for whom major surgery was high risk.
Stent-in-stent deployment for malignant hilar obstruction using multi-hole stent can prevent tumor ingrowth during 6-month cholangioscopic follow-up
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Yuki Uba, Takafumi Kanadani, Kimi Bessho, Hiroki Nishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

Malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO) can be treated by bilateral uncovered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) deployment using a stent-in-stent (SIS) technique [1]. Recently, patient survival has been prolonged as a result of recent improvements in systemic chemotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors; therefore, prolonged stent patency is necessary. As there is a risk of tumor ingrowth with an uncovered SEMS, stent patency might not be good. A fully covered SEMS (FCSEMS) can prevent tumor ingrowth, and stent patency might therefore be longer than with an uncovered SEMS. However, because an FCSEMS can obstruct a bile duct branch, FCSEMS deployment for MHBO using the SIS technique may not be feasible. Recently, an FCSEMS with side holes (HANAROSTENT Biliary Multi-hole NEO; M.I. Tech Co., Ltd, Pyeongtaek, South Korea) has become available (MHSEMS) ([Fig. 1]). This stent was designed to prevent stent migration through small tissue ingrowths that form in the multiple small (1.8 mm) side holes along the covering membrane [2] [3]. In addition, through this hole, SIS deployment can be performed ([Fig. 2]). We present a case of successful SIS deployment using the new MHSEMS and describe cholangioscopic findings on long-term follow-up.
Cholangioscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy for the diagnosis and treatment of occult appendicitis with a giant fecalith
Authors: Xia Peng, Yang Yu, Rengyun Xiang, Faliang Xiang, Zhi Peng, Xuefeng Li
Journal: Endoscopy (2025)

As a main cause of appendicitis, fecaliths have been identified in approximately 40% of patients with acute appendicitis [11]. Appendicoliths are usually less than 1 cm in their largest dimension, and those that are larger than 2 cm are termed giant appendicoliths [22]. The most common imaging modalities used to diagnose appendicitis are ultrasound and computed tomography (CT). Because its lumen is long and thin, the appendix can vary greatly, and therefore the basic reliance on ultrasound and CT is not always sufficient to make a reliable diagnosis of appendicitis [33]. Currently, the diagnosis of appendicitis remains challenging. Herein, we report a rare case of a pediatric patient with occult appendicitis. By means of cholangioscope-assisted endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy (ERAT), a giant appendicolith was discovered and flushed out of the appendiceal cavity.
Predicting disease-free survival following curative-intent resection of right-sided colon cancer using a pre- and post-operative monogram: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: James Lucocq, Tom Trinder, Kate Homyer, Hassan Baig, Pradeep Patil, Girivasan Muthukumarasamy
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2025)

Introduction: Disease prognostication can be achieved through the derivation of biologically and clinically integrated prediction models. The present study reports 1, 3 and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) in patients undergoing right hemicolectomy for curative intent and both derives and validates a pre- and post-operative prediction tool for DFS for prognostication and risk stratification purposes. Method: Consecutive patients undergoing right-sided curative-intent resection for colorectal cancer (2010-2020) in a tertiary care unit were followed-up prospectively for recurrence and survival outcomes. Survival analyses were used to derive pre- and post-operative models predicting 1, 3 and 5-year DFS. Calibration was reported and internal validation was performed using bootstrapping. Results: A total of 822 patients underwent resection and 528 had ≥ 5-year follow-up. The 1, 3 and 5-year DFS rates were 85.6%, 72.5% and 57.6%, respectively. Variables associated with death/recurrence included: increasing age (HR &gt;1.95, p = 0.037), male gender (HR 1.62, p&lt;0.001), ASA ≥3 (HR 1.79, p&lt;0.001), low albumin (HR 1.54, p&lt;0.001), T4 stage (HR 2.35, p = 0.023), R1 status (HR 1.63, p = 0.024), ≥ 4 positive lymph nodes (HR&gt;1.74, p&lt;0.001) and Clavien-Dindo ≥3 (HR 2.83, p&lt;0.001). The pre- and post-operative models contained 9 and 13 demographic, clinical, biochemical, operative and pathological variables, respectively (C-index 0.75 and 0.78, respectively). Excluding demographic, clinical and operative variables significantly reduced the C-index of the pre- (0.62) and post-operative models (0.69). Conclusion: The presented prediction tools for DFS will help clinicians stratify risk, offer appropriate adjuvant treatment and predict long-term survival following curative-intent right-sided colon cancer resection.
Injectable mineralized hydrogel microspheres for accelerated osteocyte network reconstruction and intelligent bone regeneration
Authors: Pengcheng Xiao, Junyan Liu, Chengcheng Du, Shengwen Cheng, Senrui Liu, Jiacheng Liu, Jingdi Zhan, Zhuolin Chen, Yaji Yang, Yiting Lei, Wei Huang, Chen Zhao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2025)
Archaea methanogens are associated with cognitive performance through the shaping of gut microbiota, butyrate and histidine metabolism
Authors: Andrea Fumagalli, Anna Castells-Nobau, Dakshat Trivedi, Josep Garre-Olmo, Josep Puig, Rafel Ramos, Lluís Ramió-Torrentà, Vicente Pérez-Brocal, Andrés Moya, Jonathan Swann, Elena Martin-Garcia, Rafael Maldonado, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

The relationship between bacteria, cognitive function and obesity is well established, yet the role of archaeal species remains underexplored. We used shotgun metagenomics and neuropsychological tests to identify microbial species associated with cognition in a discovery cohort (IRONMET, n = 125). Interestingly, methanogen archaeas exhibited the strongest positive associations with cognition, particularly Methanobrevibacter smithii (M. smithii). Stratifying individuals by median-centered log ratios (CLR) of M. smithii (low and high M. smithii groups: LMs and HMs) revealed that HMs exhibited better cognition and distinct gut bacterial profiles (PERMANOVA p = 0.001), characterized by increased levels of Verrucomicrobia, Synergistetes and Lentisphaerae species and reduced levels of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Several of these species were linked to the cognitive test scores. These findings were replicated in a large-scale validation cohort (Aging Imageomics, n = 942). Functional analyses revealed an enrichment of energy, butyrate, and bile acid metabolism in HMs in both cohorts. Global plasma metabolomics by CIL LC-MS in IRONMET identified an enrichment of methylhistidine, phenylacetate, alpha-linolenic and linoleic acid, and secondary bile acid metabolism associated with increased levels of 3-methylhistidine, phenylacetylgluamine, adrenic acid, and isolithocholic acid in the HMs group. Phenylacetate and linoleic acid metabolism also emerged in the Aging Imageomics cohort performing untargeted HPLC-ESI-MS/MS metabolic profiling, while a targeted bile acid profiling identified again isolithocholic acid as one of the most significant bile acid increased in the HMs. 3-Methylhistidine levels were also associated with intense physical activity in a second validation cohort (IRONMET-CGM, n = 116). Finally, FMT from HMs donors improved cognitive flexibility, reduced weight, and altered SCFAs, histidine-, linoleic acid- and phenylalanine-related metabolites in the dorsal striatum of recipient mice. M. smithii seems to interact with the bacterial ecosystem affecting butyrate, histidine, phenylalanine, and linoleic acid metabolism with a positive impact on cognition, constituting a promising therapeutic target to enhance cognitive performance, especially in subjects with obesity.