tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer statistics for African American and Black people, 2025
Authors: Anatu H. Saka, Angela N. Giaquinto, Lauren E. McCullough, Katherine Y. Tossas, Jessica Star, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2025)

Abstract African American and other Black individuals (referred to as Black people in this article) have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the lowest survival of any racial or ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2021), mortality (through 2022), survival, screening, and risk factors using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2025, there will be approximately 248,470 new cancer cases and 73,240 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. Black men have experienced the largest relative decline in cancer mortality from 1991 to 2022 overall (49%) and in almost every 10‐year age group, by as much as 65%–67% in the group aged 40–59 years. This progress largely reflects historical reductions in smoking initiation among Black teens, advances in treatment, and earlier detections for some cancers. Nevertheless, during the most recent 5 years, Black men had 16% higher mortality than White men despite just 4% higher incidence, and Black women had 10% higher mortality than White women despite 9% lower incidence. Larger inequalities for mortality than for incidence reflect two‐fold higher death rates for prostate, uterine corpus, and stomach cancers and for myeloma, and 40%–50% higher rates for colorectal, breast, cervical, and liver cancers. The causes of ongoing disparities are multifactorial, but largely stem from inequalities in the social determinants of health that trace back to structural racism. Increasing diversity in clinical trials, enhancing provider education, and implementing financial incentives to ensure equitable care across the cancer care continuum would help close these gaps.
Distinct leukemogenic mechanism of acute promyelocytic leukemia based on genomic structure of PML::RARα
Authors: Mariko Minami, Teppei Sakoda, Gentaro Kawano, Yu Kochi, Kensuke Sasaki, Takeshi Sugio, Fumiaki Jinnouchi, Kohta Miyawaki, Yuya Kunisaki, Koji Kato, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Koichi Akashi, Yoshikane Kikushige
Journal: Leukemia (2025)
The dubious case of Urbanorum: a call to strengthen global pathogen verification mechanisms
Authors: Jacob van der Ende, Vanessa Dávila Campos, Martin Peter Grobusch, Thomas Hanscheid
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2025)

The detection and validation of novel pathogens have become increasingly important, as seen with the emergence of COVID-19 and mpox. Current detection and response capacities, especially in resource-poor regions, are insufficient, highlighting the key role of clinical laboratories. Despite the strides made by national and supranational agencies in targeting viruses and bacteria, parasites have been largely overlooked. The case of Urbanorum, a purportedly novel intestinal parasite reported from South America, illustrates the challenges in validating new pathogens. Compelling microscopic images have fostered belief in the existence and aetiological role of Urbanorum, posing grave challenges for health-care workers with poor parasitological knowledge, who might accept such results at face value and administer unnecessary treatments to affected individuals. Although the number of publications is scarce, these sources present a seemingly credible narrative that spreads through local social media. However, doubts about the existence of Urbanorum persist due to the absence of genetic and molecular analyses and inconsistencies in epidemiological data. This situation exemplifies the need for robust global pathogen verification mechanisms and authoritative guidance from organisations such as the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and WHO to prevent misinformation and aid clinical judgement. A Latin American regional CDC could be instrumental in verifying claims of novel pathogens and providing credible guidance at both local and global levels. This Personal View emphasises the urgent need for enhanced global coordination, improved diagnostic methodologies, and reliable information dissemination to effectively manage threats regarding emerging pathogens.
The enigma of maladaptation in gastric pathophysiology
Authors: Gunter Maubach, Arun K Kanthasamy, Sandro Gogia, Michael Naumann
Journal: Trends in cancer (2025)

Despite a decline in global incidence, gastric cancer (GC) remains a major health concern. The development of GC is a sequential, multistage maladaptive process involving numerous different factors. Understanding the complexity of GC development is crucial for early detection, effective treatment, and, ultimately, prevention. In this respect, identifying the impact of risk factors contributing to the emergence or progression of GC, such as Helicobacter pylori infection, host and bacterial genetics, alcohol consumption, smoking, and preserved foods, will aid in combatting this disease. In this review, we focus on recent developments in understanding the role of the microbiome, dysfunctional molecular pathways, and immune evasion in gastric pathophysiology. We also highlight challenges and advances in treatment of GC.
β-hydroxybutyrylation and O-GlcNAc modifications of STAT1 modulate antiviral defense in aging
Authors: Yibo Zuo, Qin Wang, Wanying Tian, Zhijin Zheng, Wei He, Renxia Zhang, Qian Zhao, Ying Miao, Yukang Yuan, Jun Wang, Hui Zheng
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2025)
Dual Inhibition of Mast Cells and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Using a Novel Bispecific Antibody, <scp>CDX</scp>‐622
Authors: Michael B. Murphy, Laura Vitale, Thomas O'Neill, Deena M. Maurer, Linda Malenchek, Andrea Crocker, Colleen Patterson, Laura Mills‐Chen, Virginia Saley, Nicole M. Antczak, James M. Boyer, Kelly M. McManus, Noe Rico Montanari, Russell A. Hammond, Joel Goldstein, Lawrence J. Thomas, Tibor Keler, Diego Alvarado
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT Background Mast cells (MCs) respond to an array of allergens that drive allergic and inflammatory diseases. Stem cell factor (SCF), the ligand for the receptor KIT, is required for MC survival and function. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an alarmin that promotes Type 2 inflammation in asthma and other inflammatory diseases. We describe CDX‐622, a bispecific antibody (bsAb), that targets both SCF and TSLP to neutralize these distinct cytokines. Methods The bsAb CDX‐622 was developed from novel antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to SCF (SCF‐12) and TSLP (1D10). CDX‐622 encodes the full‐length 1D10 mAb and the single‐chain variable fragment of SCF‐12, linked to the C‐terminus of the 1D10 heavy chain. CDX‐622 was modified to prevent Fcγ receptor interactions and enhance FcRn binding. CDX‐622 was tested using in vitro assays of MC and dendritic cell (DC) activation, an ex vivo human skin model, and in vivo studies in nonhuman primates. Results Novel SCF and TSLP mAbs with neutralizing activity were generated. The bsAb CDX‐622 potently inhibited SCF‐driven MC degranulation and TSLP‐mediated CCL17 release by DCs. In human skin samples treated with SCF and TSLP, CDX‐622 markedly reduced proinflammatory, MC, and DC‐related RNA signatures. Additionally, CDX‐622 and SCF‐12 mAb administered to cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) had a profound effect on MCs without any observed toxicity. Conclusions CDX‐622 is a potent inhibitor of MCs through the neutralization of SCF and effectively blocks Type 2 inflammatory responses driven by TSLP. Dual inhibition of these cytokines may lead to improved clinical outcomes in certain inflammatory disorders.
Point‐of‐Care Blood Eosinophils to Predict Preschool Wheeze Attacks
Authors: Kushalinii Hillson, Sara Fontanella, Hernani Almeida, Barbara Pavlou, Katariina Lajunen, Samantha Irving, Ilaria Testa, Yvonne Bingham, Karina Mayoral Oritz, Shane Lacbay, Sophie Hay, Mindy Gore, Elizabeth Scotney, Emmanouil Paraskakis, Samatha Sonnappa, Louise Fleming, Andrew Bush, Sejal Saglani
Journal: Allergy (2025)

ABSTRACT Background Post hoc analysis of clinical trials shows blood eosinophil counts (BEC) predict future preschool wheeze attacks; however, prospective usefulness in a clinical setting is unreported. We assessed the feasibility of point‐of‐care (POC) eosinophil measurements in preschool wheezers and related BEC to symptoms, lung function, and utility in predicting attacks. Methods Children aged 1–5 years with recurrent wheeze underwent finger‐prick sampling during the outpatient clinic for POC eosinophils, forced oscillation technique (FOT) and/or spirometry, and symptom score (TRACK questionnaire). The utility of BEC and/or the other tests in predicting wheeze attacks in the subsequent 3 months was analysed by comparing those with and without an attack and using a predictive decision tree (DT) model. Results Seventy‐three children (median age 4.27 years) were recruited; BEC were higher in atopic children (median 0.5 × 10 9 /L vs. 0.3 × 10 9 /L non‐atopic, p &lt; 0.01). BEC moderately correlated with FOT reactance bronchodilator reversibility z ‐score changes ( r = 0.495, p = 0.005), but no other lung function measures or TRACK score. 68/73 (93%) children were followed up at 3 months. 29/68 (43%) children had &gt; 1 wheeze attack requiring unscheduled healthcare attendance. Absolute and %eosinophils at the baseline visit were higher in those who had an attack (median 0.5 × 10 9 /L vs. 0.3 × 10 9 /L, p = 0.03 and median 6% vs. 4%, p &lt; 0.01). The DT model showed children with BEC ≥ 4% and TRACK score &lt; 75 were more likely to have a future attack (probability 0.63). Conclusion POC blood eosinophils were feasible in a clinical setting. Our preliminary data suggest elevated BEC with a low symptom score predicts a wheeze attack within 3 months.
EZH1/EZH2 inhibition enhances adoptive T cell immunotherapy against multiple cancer models
Authors: Patrizia Porazzi, Siena Nason, Ziqi Yang, Alberto Carturan, Guido Ghilardi, Puneeth Guruprasad, Ruchi P Patel, Melody Tan, Anushka Anant Padmanabhan, Jean Lemoine, Eugenio Fardella, Yunlin Zhang, Raymone Pajarillo, Linhui Chen, Ositadimma Ugwuanyi, Kelly Markowitz, Devora Delman, Mathew G Angelos, Olga Shestova, Yusuke Isshiki, Tatiana Blanchard, Wendy Béguelin, Ari M Melnick, Gerald P Linette, Gregory L Beatty, Beatriz M Carreno, Ivan Cohen, Luca Paruzzo, Stephen J Schuster, Marco Ruella
Journal: Cancer Cell (2025)
Response to Comments on Hyperglycemic Crises in Adults With Diabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care 2024;47:1257–1275
Authors: Guillermo E. Umpierrez, Georgia M. Davis, Nuha ElSayed, Gian Paolo Fadini, Rodolfo J. Galindo, Irl B. Hirsch, David C. Klonoff, Rozalina G. McCoy, Shivani Misra, Robert A. Gabbay, Ketan K. Dhatariya
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)
Comparative Efficacy of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asian Versus White Populations: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials of Populations With or Without Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Matthew M.Y. Lee, Nazim Ghouri, Anoop Misra, Yu Mi Kang, Martin K. Rutter, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Darren K. McGuire, Naveed Sattar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) suggest glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide greater cardiovascular (CV) benefits in Asian compared with White individuals. Compare CV efficacy of GLP-1RAs between Asian and White individuals. Systematic review of PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov (1 January 2015 to 1 November 2024). Randomized placebo-controlled CVOTs of GLP-1RAs. Risk of bias was assessed (RoB 2). Ethnicity-specific hazard ratios (HRs) for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Random-effects meta-analyses per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines included eight trials (5,909 Asian individuals, 55,855 White individuals). GLP-1RA-associated MACE HR was 0.69 (95% CI 0.58, 0.83) in Asian people and 0.85 (95% CI 0.79, 0.91) in White people (Pinteraction = 0.045). Absolute MACE risk reduction was 2.9% (95% CI 1.5, 4.2) in Asian people versus 1.4% (0.9, 1.9) in White people. Lack of individual patient-level data precluded detailed subclassification of the Asian group. GLP-1RAs may offer greater MACE reductions in Asian compared with White individuals.
Response to Comment on Foss-Freitas et al. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Agonists in a Retrospective Study of Patients With Familial Partial Lipodystrophy. Diabetes Care 2024;47:653–659
Authors: Maria C. Foss-Freitas, David T. Broome, Elif A. Oral
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)
Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases
Authors: Cai Han, Xueping Zhu, Caroline L. Sokol
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2025)

Communication between the nervous and immune systems is evolutionarily conserved. From primitive eukaryotes to higher mammals, neuroimmune communication utilizes multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to trigger effective but balanced responses to environmental dangers such as allergens and tissue damage. These responses result from a tight integration of the nervous and immune systems, and accumulating evidence suggests that this bidirectional communication is crucial in modulating the initiation and development of allergic inflammation. In this review, we discuss the basic mechanisms of neuroimmune communication, with a focus on the recent advances underlying the importance of such communication in the allergic immune response. We examine neuronal sensing of allergens, how neuropeptides and neurotransmitters regulate allergic immune cell functions, and how inflammatory factors derived from immune cells coordinate complex peripheral and central nervous system responses. Furthermore, we highlight how fundamental aspects of host biology, from aging to circadian rhythm, might affect these pathways. Appreciating neuroimmune communications as an evolutionarily conserved and functionally integrated system that is fundamentally involved in type 2 immunity will provide new insights into allergic inflammation and reveal exciting opportunities for the management of acute and chronic allergic diseases.
Bleeding and New Malignancy Diagnoses After Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Kavi Grewal, Xuesong Wang, Peter C. Austin, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Inbar Nardi-Admon, Dennis T. Ko, Douglas S. Lee, Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Michael Fradley, Paul Dorian, Husam Abdel-Qadir
Journal: Circulation (2025)

BACKGROUND: Bleeding after starting anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF) may be the first sign of malignancy, especially in elderly individuals. There are no recommendations to guide investigations for malignancy after new-onset bleeding after anticoagulation for AF. Our objective was to determine the association of bleeding after starting oral anticoagulation for AF with new diagnoses of malignancy in a population-wide sample. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data sets of people ≥66 years of age who newly initiated warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants after diagnosis with AF between 2008 and 2022. Follow-up was 2 years after starting anticoagulation. We excluded patients with valvular disease, chronic dialysis, venous thromboembolism, previous cancer, or previously documented bleeding. Bleeding was identified from hospital/emergency department discharge records and physician billings, then handled as a time-varying covariate in cause-specific regression models while adjusting for baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was incident malignancy. We also determined the site of origin of the malignancy and the stage at diagnosis if indicated in the Ontario Cancer Registry. Analyses were repeated while limiting the exposure to specific bleeding sites. RESULTS: Among 119 480 people (mean age, 77.4 years; 52% male) who started anticoagulants, 26 037 (21.8%) had documented bleeding, and 5800 (4.9%) were diagnosed with malignancy within the next 2 years. Bleeding was associated with a higher hazard of cancer diagnosis with a hazard ratio (HR) of 4.0 (95% CI, 3.8–4.3). The HRs for any malignancy were 5.0 (95% CI, 4.6–5.5) for gastrointestinal, 5.0 (95% CI, 4.4–5.7) for genitourinary, 4.0 (95% CI, 3.5–4.6) for respiratory, 1.8 (95% CI, 1.4–2.2) for intracranial, and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2–2.0) for nasopharyngeal bleeds. The HRs were substantially higher for cancers concordant with the bleeding site (gastrointestinal, 15.4; genitourinary, 11.8; respiratory, 10.1). Cancers were diagnosed at an earlier stage after bleeding (27.6% stage 4 after bleeding versus 31.3% without bleeding; P =0.029). CONCLUSIONS: In anticoagulated patients with AF, bleeding was strongly associated with new cancer diagnoses. Antecedent bleeding was associated with cancer diagnosis at an earlier stage. This highlights the importance of timely investigations in patients with bleeding after anticoagulation for AF, rather than attributing bleeding as an expected adverse effect.
Pembrolizumab in microsatellite-instability-high and mismatch-repair-deficient advanced solid tumors: updated results of the KEYNOTE-158 trial
Authors: Aurelien Marabelle, David M O'Malley, Andrew E Hendifar, Paolo A Ascierto, Daniel Motola-Kuba, Nicolas Penel, Philippe A Cassier, Giovanni Bariani, Ana De Jesus-Acosta, Toshihiko Doi, Federico Longo, Wilson H Miller, Do-Youn Oh, Maya Gottfried, Lili Yao, Fan Jin, Alexander Gozman, Michele Maio
Journal: Nature Cancer (2025)
Characterization of tumour heterogeneity through segmentation-free representation learning on multiplexed imaging data
Authors: Jimin Tan, Hortense Le, Jiehui Deng, Yingzhuo Liu, Yuan Hao, Michelle Hollenberg, Wenke Liu, Joshua M Wang, Bo Xia, Sitharam Ramaswami, Valeria Mezzano, Cynthia Loomis, Nina Murrell, Andre L Moreira, Kyunghyun Cho, Harvey I Pass, Kwok-Kin Wong, Yi Ban, Benjamin G Neel, Aristotelis Tsirigos, David Fenyö
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2025)
Clinical Considerations for Competitive Sports Participation for Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology
Authors: Jonathan H. Kim, Aaron L. Baggish, Benjamin D. Levine, Michael J. Ackerman, Sharlene M. Day, Elizabeth H. Dineen, J. Sawalla Guseh, Andre La Gerche, Rachel Lampert, Matthew W. Martinez, Michael Papadakis, Dermot M. Phelan, Keri M. Shafer, Larry A. Allen, Mats Börjesson, Alan C. Braverman, Julie A. Brothers, Silvia Castelletti, Eugene H. Chung, Timothy W. Churchill, Guido Claessen, Flavio D’Ascenzi, Douglas Darden, Peter N. Dean, Neal W. Dickert, Jonathan A. Drezner, Katherine E. Economy, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Michael S. Emery, Susan P. Etheridge, Sabiha Gati, Belinda Gray, Martin Halle, Kimberly G. Harmon, Jeffrey J. Hsu, Richard J. Kovacs, Sheela Krishnan, Mark S. Link, Martin Maron, Silvana Molossi, Jack C. Salerno, Ankit B. Shah, Sanjay Sharma, Tamanna K. Singh, Katie M. Stewart, Paul D. Thompson, Meagan M. Wasfy, Matthias Wilhelm
Journal: Circulation (2025)

This American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology scientific statement on clinical considerations for competitive sports participation for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities or diseases is organized into 11 distinct sections focused on sports-specific topics or disease processes that are relevant when considering the potential risks of adverse cardiovascular events, including sudden cardiac arrest, during competitive sports participation. Task forces comprising international experts in sports cardiology and the respective topics covered were assigned to each section and prepared specific clinical considerations tables for practitioners to reference. Comprehensive literature review and an emphasis on shared decision-making were integral in the writing of all clinical considerations presented.
Fast Degradation of MecciRNAs by SUPV3L1/ELAC2 Provides a Novel Opportunity to Tackle Heart Failure With Exogenous MecciRNA
Authors: Xu Liu, Qinwei Wang, Xinya Li, Yan Yang, Yuqi Deng, Xiaolin Wang, Peipei Wang, Liang Chen, Likun Ma, Ge Shan
Journal: Circulation (2025)

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs derived from both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes are identified in animal cells. Mitochondria-encoded circular RNAs (mecciRNAs) are attracting more attention, and several members of mecciRNAs have already been recognized in regulating mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria dysfunctions are well-known to participate in heart failure (HF). This study was designed to investigate the RNA metabolism of mecciRNAs and the relevant roles and potential application of mecciRNAs in HF. METHODS: Compared with highly stable nuclear genome-encoded circular RNAs, the fast degradation feature of mecciRNAs is identified by RNA sequencing and a series of molecular, biochemical, and cellular experiments. The substantial protective effects of in vitro synthesized mecciRNAs were tested in both doxorubicin- and pressure overload–induced mouse models of HF. RESULTS: We discover that mecciRNAs are promptly degraded by an animal-conserved complex of helicase SUPV3L1 (suppressor of var1, 3-like protein 1) and endoribonuclease ELAC2 (elaC ribonuclease Z 2). MecciRNA degradation complex and mecciRNAs interact with mitochondrial permeability transition pore and its regulators including TRAP1 (TNF receptor–associated protein 1) and CypD (cyclophilin D). MecciRNAs regulate mitochondrial levels of TRAP1 and CypD to modulate the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Exogenously applied mecciRNAs interact with cytosolic TRAP1 and increase mitochondrial levels of TRAP1, and lead to a more closed state of mitochondrial permeability transition pore to constrain deleterious reactive oxygen species release. HF conditions lead to stimulated mecciRNA degradation, and administration of in vitro synthesized mecciRNAs exhibits substantial protective effects in both doxorubicin- and pressure overload–induced mouse models of HF. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the fast degradation of mecciRNAs and the associated regulations of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species release of mitochondrial permeability transition pore by mecciRNAs. HF conditions lead to dysregulated mecciRNA degradation, and exogenous mecciRNAs demonstrate treatment potential in mouse models of HF.
Large-scale proteomic analyses of incident Parkinson’s disease reveal new pathophysiological insights and potential biomarkers
Authors: Yi-Han Gan, Ling-Zhi Ma, Yi Zhang, Jia You, Yu Guo, Yu He, Lin-Bo Wang, Xiao-Yu He, Yu-Zhu Li, Qiang Dong, Jian-Feng Feng, Wei Cheng, Jin-Tai Yu
Journal: Nature Aging (2025)
Clinical Considerations for Competitive Sports Participation for Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Authors: Jonathan H. Kim, Aaron L. Baggish, Benjamin D. Levine, Michael J. Ackerman, Sharlene M. Day, Elizabeth H. Dineen, J. Sawalla Guseh II, Andre La Gerche, Rachel Lampert, Matthew W. Martinez, Michael Papadakis, Dermot M. Phelan, Keri M. Shafer, Larry A. Allen, Mats Börjesson, Alan C. Braverman, Julie A. Brothers, Silvia Castelletti, Eugene H. Chung, Timothy W. Churchill, Guido Claessen, Flavio D’Ascenzi, Douglas Darden, Peter N. Dean, Neal W. Dickert, Jonathan A. Drezner, Katherine E. Economy, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Michael S. Emery, Susan P. Etheridge, Sabiha Gati, Belinda Gray, Martin Halle, Kimberly G. Harmon, Jeffrey J. Hsu, Richard J. Kovacs, Sheela Krishnan, Mark S. Link, Martin Maron, Silvana Molossi, Antonio Pelliccia, Jack C. Salerno, Ankit B. Shah, Sanjay Sharma, Tamanna K. Singh, Katie M. Stewart, Paul D. Thompson, Meagan M. Wasfy, Matthias Wilhelm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2025)