tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death Among Adolescents and Young Adults After Receipt of COVID-19 Vaccine — Oregon, June 2021–December 2022
Authors: Juventila Liko, Paul R. Cieslak
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with myocarditis in adolescents and young adults, and concerns have been raised about possible vaccine-related cardiac fatalities in this age group.In April 2021, cases of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly among young male vaccine recipients, were reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System.To assess this possibility, investigators searched death certificates for Oregon residents aged 16-30 years who died during June 2021-December 2022 for cardiac or undetermined causes of death.For identified decedents, records in Oregon's immunization information system were reviewed for documentation of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination received ≤100 days before death.Among 1,292 identified deaths, COVID-19 was cited as the cause for 30.For 101 others, a cardiac cause of death could not be excluded; among these decedents, immunization information system records were available for 88, three of whom had received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccination within 100 days of death.Of 40 deaths that occurred among persons who had received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine dose, three occurred ≤100 days after vaccination.Two of these deaths were attributed to chronic underlying conditions; the cause was undetermined for one.No death certificate attributed death to vaccination.These data do not support an association between receipt of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and sudden cardiac death among previously healthy young persons.COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months to prevent COVID-19 and complications, including death.
Infections Associated with Medtronic Duet External Ventricular Drains — Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, January 2023–January 2024
Authors: Kevin M. Gibas, Dianne Auld, Stephanie Parente, Jean Horoho, Leonard A. Mermel
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

External ventricular drains (EVDs) are medical devices that are inserted into the ventricles of the brain to drain excess fluid, manage intracranial hypertension, monitor intracranial pressure, and administer medications.Unintentional disconnections and breaks or fractures (breaks) of EVDs or associated drainage system components can result in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and increased risk for EVD-associated infections.After replacement of Integra Life Sciences EVD systems with Medtronic Duet EVD systems at Rhode Island Hospital in mid-September 2023, a threefold increase was observed in the prevalence of positive CSF cultures, from 2.8 per 1,000 days with an EVD in place (EVD days) during January-September 2023 to 11.4 per 1,000 EVD days during October 2023-January 2024 (rate ratio [RR] = 5.7; 95% CI = 1.5-22.0;p = 0.01) and an eightfold increase in the prevalence of infections, from 0.7 to 6.5 per 1,000 EVD days (RR = 9.8; 95% CI = 1.1-87.3;p = 0.04).An investigation by Rhode Island Hospital Infection Control during December 2023-January 2024 identified frequent reports of disconnections and breaks of the Medtronic Duet EVD system.A search of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database identified 326 reports nationwide of disconnection and breaks of components of the Duet EVD system, including 175 during 2023.A Medical Product Safety Network report was filed.The Duet EVD product was ultimately recalled in January 2024, citing disconnections of the EVD system and reports of CSF leakage and infection.Given the widespread use of EVD systems by neurosurgery centers and the risk for EVD-associated infections, a strategy for future consideration by hospital infection prevention and control programs might be inclusion of EVD-associated infections in hospital surveillance programs to rapidly identify increases in these events and determine factors related to such infections to prevent additional infections.
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage — World Health Organization African Region, 2021–2023
Authors: Reena H. Doshi, Sheillah Nsasiirwe, Melissa Dahlke, Ajiri Atagbaza, Oniovo Efe Aluta, Alain Blaise Tatsinkou, Ezekiel Dauda, Alba Vilajeliu, Santosh Gurung, Jayne Tusiime, Fiona Braka, Ado Bwaka, Sarah Wanyoike, Donald J. Brooks, Diana Chang Blanc, James P. Alexander, Benjamin A. Dahl, Ann Lindstrand, Charles S. Wiysonge
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

With the availability of authorized COVID-19 vaccines in early 2021, vaccination became an effective tool to reduce COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality.Initially, the World Health Organization (WHO) set an ambitious target to vaccinate 70% of the global population by mid-2022.However, in July 2022, WHO recommended that all countries, including those in the African Region, prioritize COVID-19 vaccination of high-risk groups, including older adults and health care workers, to have the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality.As of December 31, 2023, approximately 860 million doses of COVID-19 vaccine had been delivered to countries in the African Region, and 646 million doses had been administered.Cumulatively, 38% of the African Region's population had received ≥1 dose, 32% had completed a primary series, and 21% had received ≥1 booster dose.Cumulative total population coverage with ≥1 dose ranged by country from 0.3% to 89%.Coverage with the primary series among older age groups was 52% (range among countries = 15%-96%); primary series coverage among health care workers was 48% (range = 13%-99%).Although the COVID-19 public health emergency of international concern was declared over in May 2023, current WHO recommendations reinforce the need to vaccinate priority populations at highest risk for severe COVID-19 disease and death and build more sustainable programs by integrating COVID-19 vaccination into primary health care, strengthening immunization across the life course, and improving pandemic preparedness.
Local Immunoradiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Antonin Levy, Eric Deutsch, Cécile Le Péchoux
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Measles — United States, January 1, 2020–March 28, 2024
Authors: Adria D. Mathis, Kelley Raines, Nina B. Masters, Thomas D. Filardo, Gimin Kim, Stephen N. Crooke, Bettina Bankamp, Paul A. Rota, David E. Sugerman
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Measles is a highly infectious febrile rash illness and was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000.However, measles importations continue to occur, and U.S. measles elimination status was threatened in 2019 as the result of two prolonged outbreaks among undervaccinated communities in New York and New York City.To assess U.S. measles elimination status after the 2019 outbreaks and to provide context to understand more recent increases in measles cases, CDC analyzed epidemiologic and laboratory surveillance data and the performance of the U.S. measles surveillance system after these outbreaks.During January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024, CDC was notified of 338 confirmed measles cases; 97 (29%) of these cases occurred during the first quarter of 2024, representing a more than seventeenfold increase over the mean number of cases reported during the first quarter of 2020-2023.Among the 338 reported cases, the median patient age was 3 years (range = 0-64 years); 309 (91%) patients were unvaccinated or had unknown vaccination status, and 336 case investigations included information on ≥80% of critical surveillance indicators.During 2020-2023, the longest transmission chain lasted 63 days.As of the end of 2023, because of the absence of sustained measles virus transmission for 12 consecutive months in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system, U.S. measles elimination status was maintained.Risk for widespread U.S. measles transmission remains low because of high population immunity.However, because of the increase in cases during the first quarter of 2024, additional activities are needed to increase U.S. routine measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination coverage, especially among close-knit and undervaccinated communities.These activities include encouraging vaccination before international travel and rapidly investigating suspected measles cases.* Elimination is defined as the absence of endemic measles virus transmission in a defined geographic area for ≥12 months in the presence of a well-performing surveillance system.
Local Immunoradiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Soft-Tissue Sarcoma—Reply
Authors: Yongwoo David Seo, Seth M. Pollack
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The crosstalk between macrophages and cancer cells potentiates pancreatic cancer cachexia
Authors: Mingyang Liu, Yu Ren, Zhijun Zhou, Jingxuan Yang, Xiuhui Shi, Yang Cai, Alex X. Arreola, Wenyi Luo, Kar-Ming Fung, Chao Xu, Ryan D. Nipp, Michael S. Bronze, Lei Zheng, Yi-Ping Li, Courtney W. Houchen, Yuqing Zhang, Min Li
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)

With limited treatment options, cachexia remains a major challenge for patients with cancer. Characterizing the interplay between tumor cells and the immune microenvironment may help identify potential therapeutic targets for cancer cachexia. Herein, we investigate the critical role of macrophages in potentiating pancreatic cancer induced muscle wasting via promoting TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) secretion from the tumor. Specifically, depletion of macrophages reverses muscle degradation induced by tumor cells. Macrophages induce non-autonomous secretion of TWEAK through CCL5/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway. TWEAK promotes muscle atrophy by activating MuRF1 initiated muscle remodeling. Notably, tumor cells recruit and reprogram macrophages via the CCL2/CCR2 axis and disrupting the interplay between macrophages and tumor cells attenuates muscle wasting. Collectively, this study identifies a feedforward loop between pancreatic cancer cells and macrophages, underlying the non-autonomous activation of TWEAK secretion from tumor cells thereby providing promising therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer cachexia.
Physician Empathy and Chronic Pain Outcomes
Authors: John C. Licciardone, Yen Tran, Khang Ngo, David Toledo, Navya Peddireddy, Subhash Aryal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Empathy is an aspect of the patient-physician relationship that may be particularly important in patients with chronic pain. Objective To measure the association of physician empathy with pain, function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among patients with chronic low back pain. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included adult enrollees from the Pain Registry for Epidemiological, Clinical, and Interventional Studies and Innovation national pain research registry. Study dates were from April 1, 2016, to July 25, 2023, with up to 12 months of follow-up. Exposure Physician empathy was assessed with the Consultation and Relational Empathy measure and dichotomized to yield very empathic physician and slightly empathic physician groups. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were patient-reported pain, function, and HRQOL measured with a numerical rating scale for low back pain intensity, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for back-related disability, and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System for HRQOL deficits pertaining to anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain interference. Data were collected at 5 quarterly encounters from registry enrollment through 12 months and analyzed with generalized estimating equations, including multivariable models to measure temporal trends and to adjust for baseline and longitudinal covariates. Results Among the 1470 patients, the mean (SD) age was 53.1 (13.2) years, and 1093 (74.4%) were female. Patients completed 5943 encounters in which multivariable analyses demonstrated that greater physician empathy was inversely associated with pain intensity (β = −0.014; 95% CI, −0.022 to −0.006; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), back-related disability (β = −0.062; 95% CI, −0.085 to −0.040; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and HRQOL deficits on each measure (eg, pain interference: β = −0.080; 95% CI, −0.111 to −0.049; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Correspondingly, compared with the slightly empathic physician group, the very empathic physician group reported lower mean pain intensity (6.3; 95% CI, 6.1-6.5 vs 6.7; 95% CI, 6.5-6.9; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), less mean back-related disability (14.9; 95% CI, 14.2-15.6 vs 16.8; 95% CI, 16.0-17.6; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and fewer HRQOL deficits on each measure (eg, fatigue: 57.3; 95% CI, 56.1-58.5 vs 60.4; 95% CI, 59.0-61.7; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). All physician empathy group differences were clinically relevant, with Cohen d statistics ranging from 0.21 for pain intensity to 0.30 for back-related disability, fatigue, and pain interference. Physician empathy was associated with more favorable outcomes than non-pharmacological treatments, opioid therapy, and lumbar spine surgery. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of adult patients with chronic pain, physician empathy was associated with better outcomes over 12 months. Greater efforts to cultivate and improve physician empathy appear warranted.
American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Unresectable Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: George Rodrigues, Kristin A. Higgins, Andreas Rimner, Arya Amini, Joe Y. Chang, Stephen G. Chun, Jessica Donington, Martin J. Edelman, Matthew A. Gubens, Puneeth Iyengar, Benjamin Movsas, Matthew S. Ning, Henry S. Park, Andrea Wolf, Charles B. Simone
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Importance The treatment of locally advanced non–small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) has been informed by more than 5 decades of clinical trials and other relevant literature. However, controversies remain regarding the application of various radiation and systemic therapies in commonly encountered clinical scenarios. Objective To develop case-referenced consensus and evidence-based guidelines to inform clinical practice in unresectable LA-NSCLC. Evidence Review The American Radium Society (ARS) Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Thoracic Committee guideline is an evidence-based consensus document assessing various clinical scenarios associated with LA-NSCLC. A systematic review of the literature with evidence ratings was conducted to inform the appropriateness of treatment recommendations by the ARS AUC Thoracic Committee for the management of unresectable LA-NSCLC. Findings Treatment appropriateness of a variety of LA-NSCLC scenarios was assessed by a consensus-based modified Delphi approach using a range of 3 points to 9 points to denote consensus agreement. Committee recommendations were vetted by the ARS AUC Executive Committee and a 2-week public comment period before official approval and adoption. Standard of care management of good prognosis LA-NSCLC consists of combined concurrent radical (60-70 Gy) platinum-based chemoradiation followed by consolidation durvalumab immunotherapy (for patients without progression). Planning and delivery of locally advanced lung cancer radiotherapy usually should be performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques. A variety of palliative and radical fractionation schedules are available to treat patients with poor performance and/or pulmonary status. The salvage therapy for a local recurrence after successful primary management is complex and likely requires both multidisciplinary input and shared decision-making with the patient. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence-based guidance on the management of various unresectable LA-NSCLC scenarios is provided by the ARS AUC to optimize multidisciplinary patient care for this challenging patient population.
Sonogenetics-controlled synthetic designer cells for cancer therapy in tumor mouse models
Authors: Tian Gao, Lingxue Niu, Xin Wu, Di Dai, Yang Zhou, Mengyao Liu, Ke Wu, Yuanhuan Yu, Ningzi Guan, Haifeng Ye
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Bacteria-based therapies are powerful strategies for cancer therapy, yet their clinical application is limited by a lack of tunable genetic switches to safely regulate the local expression and release of therapeutic cargoes. Rapid advances in remote-control technologies have enabled precise control of biological processes in time and space. We developed therapeutically active engineered bacteria mediated by a sono-activatable integrated gene circuit based on the thermosensitive transcriptional repressor TlpA39. Through promoter engineering and ribosome binding site screening, we achieved ultrasound (US)-induced protein expression and secretion in engineered bacteria with minimal noise and high induction efficiency. Specifically, delivered either intratumorally or intravenously, engineered bacteria colonizing tumors suppressed tumor growth through US-irradiation-induced release of the apoptotic protein azurin and an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a nanobody targeting programmed death-ligand 1, in different tumor mouse models. Beyond developing safe and high-performance designer bacteria for tumor therapy, our study illustrates a sonogenetics-controlled therapeutic platform that can be harnessed for bacteria-based precision medicine.
Patient-Reported Outcomes as a Recruitment Strategy for Clinical Trial Enrollment
Authors: Nicholas P. Verdini, Karolina L. Bryl, Raymond E. Baser, Kaitlyn Lapen, Jun J. Mao, Erin F. Gillespie
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Clinical trials are critical for progress in oncology; however, only 5% of the adult cancer population participates. Harnessing data that are routinely collected (ie, electronic patient-reported outcomes [ePROs]) may serve as a method to promote trial enrollment.
Professional Experiences and Career Trajectories of Mid- to Senior-Career Women Clinician-Scientists
Authors: Lauren A. Szczygiel, Amanda K. Greene, Christina M. Cutter, Rochelle D. Jones, Eva L. Feldman, Kelly C. Paradis, Isis H. Settles, Kanakadurga Singer, Nancy D. Spector, Abigail J. Stewart, Peter A. Ubel, Reshma Jagsi
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Despite increasing evidence and recognition of persistent gender disparities in academic medicine, qualitative data detailing the association of gender-based experiences with career progression remain sparse, particularly at the mid- to senior-career stage. Objective To investigate the role gender has played in everyday professional experiences of mid- to senior-career women clinician-scientists and their perceptions of gender-related barriers experienced across their careers. Design, Setting, and Participants In this qualitative study, a total of 60 of 159 invited clinician-scientists who received National Institutes of Health K08 or K23 awards between 2006 and 2009 and responded to a survey in 2021 agreed to participate. Invitees were selected using random, purposive sampling to support sample heterogeneity. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted January to May 2022. For this study, interviews from 31 women were analyzed using the framework approach to thematic analysis. Data analyses were performed between August and October 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Descriptive themes of participant experiences of gender and gender-based barriers in academic medicine. Results A total of 31 women clinician-scientists (8 identifying as Asian [25.8%], 14 identifying as White [45.2%], and 9 identifying as members of a minority group underrepresented in medicine [29.0%]; 14 aged 40-49 years [45.2%] and 14 aged 50-59 years [45.2%]) were included. Among them, 17 participants (54.8%) had children who required adult supervision or care, 7 participants (22.6%) had children who did not require supervision or care, and 6 participants (19.4%) did not have children. There were 4 dominant themes identified within participant experiences in academic medicine: the mental burden of gendered expectations at work and home, inequitable treatment of women in bureaucratic processes, subtle and less subtle professional exclusion of women, and value of communities built on shared identities, experiences, and solidarity. Conclusions and Relevance This study found that women perceived the institution of academic medicine as a male-centric system misaligned with the needs of women, with associated feelings of exclusion, disillusionment, and loss of trust in their institutions. Findings suggest that the confluence of domestic obligations and unaccommodating institutional environments may make it difficult for women clinician-scientists to achieve established timelines of career progression and productivity; these findings may have long-term implications for the well-being and retention of women in academic medicine.
Assessing the Real-World Effectiveness of Immunizations for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Fatimah S. Dawood, Amanda B. Payne, Meredith L. McMorrow
Journal: JAMA (2024)

This Viewpoint discusses recommendations from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for newly licensed immunizations for respiratory syncytial virus in infants, children with high-risk conditions, and older adults.