tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ATG or post-transplant cyclophosphamide to prevent GVHD in matched unrelated stem cell transplantation?
Authors: Olaf Penack, Mouad Abouqateb, Christophe Peczynski, William Boreland, Nicolaus Kröger, Matthias Stelljes, Tobias Gedde-Dahl, Igor Wolfgang Blau, Thomas Schroeder, Urpu Salmenniemi, Alexander Kulagin, Régis Peffault de Latour, Stephan Mielke, Robert Zeiser, Ivan Moiseev, Hélène Schoemans, Christian Koenecke, Zinaida Peric
Journal: Leukemia (2024)

Abstract There is a high risk of GVHD and non-relapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic stem cell transplantations (alloSCT) from unrelated donors. Prophylaxis with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) is standard in Europe but post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is an emerging alternative. We analyzed outcomes of rATG ( n = 7725) vs. PTCy ( n = 1039) prophylaxis in adult patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing peripheral blood alloSCT from 10/10 antigen-matched unrelated donors (MUD) between January 2018 and June 2021 in the EBMT database. The provided P -values and hazard ratios (HR) are derived from multivariate analysis. Two years after alloSCT, NRM in the PTCy group was 12.1% vs. 16.4% in the rATG group; p = 0.016; HR 0.72. Relapse was less frequent after PTCy vs. rATG (22.8% vs. 26.6%; p = 0.046; HR 0.87). Overall survival after PTCy was higher (73.1% vs. 65.9%; p = 0.001, HR 0.82). Progression free survival was better after PTCy vs. rATG (64.9% vs. 57.2%; p &lt; 0.001, HR 0.83). The incidence of chronic GVHD was lower after PTCy (28.4% vs. rATG 31.4%; p = 0.012; HR 0.77), whereas the incidence and severity of acute GVHD were not significantly different. GVHD-free relapse-free survival was significantly higher in the PTCy arm compared to the rATG arm (2 y incidence: 51% vs. 45%; HR: 0.86 [95% CI 0.75–0.99], p = 0.035). In the absence of evidence from randomized controlled trials, our findings support a preference for the use of PTCy in adult recipients of peripheral blood alloSCTs from MUD.
Acute Effects of Vibrating Insoles on Dynamic Balance and Gait Quality in Individuals With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Giorgio Orlando, Steven Brown, Edward Jude, Frank L. Bowling, Andrew J.M. Boulton, Neil D. Reeves
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of vibrating insoles on dynamic balance and gait quality during level and stair walking and explored the influence of vibration type and frequency in individuals with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-two men with DPN were assessed for gait quality and postural and dynamic balance during walking and stair negotiation using a motion capture system and force plates across seven vibratory insole conditions (Vcs) versus a control (Ctrl) condition (insole without vibration). Vibration was applied during standing and walking tasks, and 15-min rest-stop periods without vibration were interposed between conditions. Repeated measures test conditions were randomized. The primary outcomes were gait speed and dynamic balance. RESULTS Gait speed during walking significantly improved in all Vcs compared with Ctrl (P &amp;lt; 0.005), with Vc2, Vc4, and Vc6 identified as the most effective. Gait speed increased (reflecting faster walking) during stair ascent and descent in Vc2 (Ctrl vs. Vc2 for ascent 0.447 ± 0.180 vs. 0.517 ± 0.127 m/s; P = 0.037 and descent 0.394 ± 0.170 vs. 0.487 ± 0.125 m/s; P = 0.016), Vc4 (Ctrl vs. Vc4 for ascent 0.447 ± 0.180 vs. 0.482 ± 0.197 m/s; P = 0.047 and descent 0.394 ± 0.170 vs. 0.438 ± 0.181 m/s; P = 0.017), and Vc6 (Ctrl vs. Vc6 for ascent 0.447 ± 0.180 vs. 0.506 ± 0.179 m/s; P = 0.043 and descent 0.394 ± 0.170 vs. 0.463 ± 0.159 m/s; P = 0.026). Postural balance improved during quiet standing with eyes closed in Vc2, Vc4, Vc6, and Vc7 (P &amp;lt; 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Vibrating insoles are an effective acute strategy for improving postural balance and gait quality during level walking and stair descent in individuals with DPN. These benefits are particularly evident when the entire plantar foot surface is stimulated.
Cancer cells hijack physiological metabolic signals to seed liver metastasis
Authors: Andres R. Rettig, Karuna Ganesh
Journal: Cancer Research (2024)

Metastasis arises from cancer cell-intrinsic adaptations and permissive tumor microenvironments (TME) that are distinct across different organs. Deciphering the mechanisms underpinning organotropism could provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with cancer. Rogava and colleagues identified Pip4k2c as a driver of liver metastasis, acting by sensitizing cancer cells to insulin-dependent PI3K/AKT signaling, which could be reversed by dual pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K and SGLT2 or a ketogenic diet. The study highlights the importance of tumor microenvironment communication in the context of systemic physiology and points toward potential combination therapies.
Impact of Broadening Trial Eligibility Criteria on the Inclusion of Patients With Brain Metastases in Cancer Clinical Trials: Time Series Analyses for 2012-2022
Authors: Hong Xiao, Riha Vaidya, Dawn L. Hershman, Joseph M. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2024)

In October 2017, an ASCO, Friends of Cancer Research (FoCR), and US Food and Drug Administration (ASCO/FoCR/FDA) task force recommended that common eligibility criteria be modified to make trials more inclusive. We examined whether patterns of exclusions regarding patients with brain metastases changed over time in relation to these recommendations.
We need more data to help guide the care of patients with cancer who develop kidney related problems
Authors: Shruti Gupta, David E Leaf
Journal: BMJ (2024)

We need more data to help guide the care of patients with cancer who develop kidney related problems Healthcare staff caring for patients with cancer must have access to high quality and generalizable data regarding the toxicities and repercussions of cancer treatments Shruti Gupta, 1 , 2 , 3 David E Leaf 1 , 3 Onconephrology, the intersection between oncology and nephrology, is a rapidly evolving field that has gained considerable interest over the past 15 years.Cancer treatments are often highly effective at targeting cancer cells but can lead to unexpected side effects, including acute kidney injury, hypertension, and electrolyte abnormalities.These kidney related toxicities can lead to temporary or permanent discontinuation of potentially lifesaving cancer treatments.Additionally, patients with cancer are living longer and could develop chronic kidney disease after bouts of acute kidney injury, thereby jeopardizing their eligibility for future treatments, in addition to placing them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. 1 It is therefore essential that nephrologists, oncologists, and other providers caring for patients with cancer have access to high quality and generalizable data regarding these toxicities and their repercussions.
The association between mean arterial pressure and acute kidney injury reversal among patients with decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Giuseppe Cullaro, Andrew S. Allegretti, Cynthia Fenton, Jin Ge, Kavish R. Patidar, Jessica Rubin, Arjun Sharma, Jennifer C. Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

This study informs how mean arterial pressure (MAP) impacts acute kidney injury (AKI) recovery among all patients hospitalized with cirrhosis, regardless of etiology.
Comprehensive molecular classification predicted microenvironment profiles and therapy response for HCC
Authors: Yihong Chen, Xiangying Deng, Yin Li, Ying Han, Yinghui Peng, Wantao Wu, Xinwen Wang, Jiayao Ma, Erya Hu, Xin Zhou, Edward Shen, Shan Zeng, Changjing Cai, Yiming Qin, Hong Shen
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Tumor microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity leads to a discrepancy in survival prognosis and clinical treatment response for patients with HCC. The clinical applications of documented molecular subtypes are constrained by several issues.
The future of liver transplantation
Authors: Sandy Feng, Garrett R. Roll, Foad J. Rouhani, Alberto Sanchez Fueyo
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Over the last 50 years, liver transplantation has evolved into a procedure routinely performed in many countries worldwide. Those able to access this therapy frequently experience a miraculous risk-benefit ratio, particularly if they face the imminently life-threatening disease. Over the decades, the success of liver transplantation, with dramatic improvements in early posttransplant survival, has aggressively driven demand. However, despite the emergence of living donors to augment deceased donors as a source of organs, supply has lagged far behind demand. As a result, rationing has been an unfortunate focus in recent decades. Recent shifts in the epidemiology of liver disease combined with transformative innovations in liver preservation suggest that the underlying premise of organ shortage may erode in the foreseeable future. The focus will sharpen on improving equitable access while mitigating constraints related to workforce training, infrastructure for organ recovery and rehabilitation, and their associated costs. Research efforts in liver preservation will undoubtedly blossom with the aim of optimizing both the timing and conditions of transplantation. Coupled with advances in genetic engineering, regenerative biology, and cellular therapies, the portfolio of innovation, both broad and deep, offers the promise that, in the future, liver transplantation will not only be broadly available to those in need but also represent a highly durable life-saving therapy.
68Ga-DOTANOC PET/CT in 2 Siblings With Von Hippel–Lindau Disease
Authors: Priyanka G.B., Nishikant Avinash Damle, Ravindranath Reddy K., Nikhil Tandon, Priyanka Naranje, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, Kishan Subudhi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Von Hippel–Lindau disease is a rare multisystem disorder that shows autosomal dominant inheritance. It is a cancer syndrome that is characterized by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumors—CNS hemangioblastomas, retinal angiomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, renal cysts and tumors, pancreatic cysts and tumors, adrenal pheochromocytomas, and epididymal cystadenomas. Here we present the 68 Ga-labeled DOTANOC scans of 2 siblings who show an interesting spectrum of findings consistent with Von Hippel–Lindau disease.
68Ga-DOTA-IBA Uptake in Breast cancer
Authors: Feifan Xiang, Huipan Liu, Xiaoqi Tan, Yue Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 77-year-old woman with recently diagnosed breast cancer underwent 68 Ga-labeled DOTA-ibandronic acid ( 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA) PET/CT scan for the evaluation of bone metastases. The examination revealed increased tracer uptake, indicating that the cervical vertebrae presented osteoblastic metastasis. Interestingly, the breast cancer also showed enhanced activity of 68 Ga-DOTA-IBA.
Novel proteomic signatures may indicate MRI-assessed intrahepatic fat state and changes: The DIRECT PLUS clinical trial
Authors: Dana T. Goldberg, Anat Yaskolka Meir, Gal Tsaban, Ehud Rinott, Alon Kaplan, Hila Zelicha, Nora Klöting, Uta Ceglarek, Berend Iserman, Ilan Shelef, Philip Rosen, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Ohad Etzion, Meir J. Stampfer, Frank B. Hu, Iris Shai
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: We demonstrated in the randomized 18-month DIRECT PLUS trial (n = 294) that a Mediterranean (MED) diet, supplemented with polyphenol-rich Mankai duckweed, green tea, and walnuts and restricted in red/processed meat, caused substantial intrahepatic fat (IHF%) loss compared with 2 other healthy diets, reducing NAFLD by half, regardless of similar weight loss. Here, we investigated the baseline proteomic profile associated with IHF% and the changes in proteomics associated with IHF% changes induced by lifestyle intervention. Approach and Results: We calculated IHF% by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (normal IHF% &lt;5% and abnormal IHF% ≥5%). We assayed baseline and 18-month samples for 95 proteomic biomarkers.Participants (age = 51.3 ± 10.8 y; 89% men; and body mass index = 31.3 ± 3.9 kg/m 2 ) had an 89.8% 18-month retention rate; 83% had eligible follow-up proteomics measurements, and 78% had follow-up proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At baseline, 39 candidate proteins were significantly associated with IHF% (false discovery rate &lt;0.05), mostly related to immune function pathways (eg, hydroxyacid oxidase 1). An IHF% prediction based on the DIRECT PLUS by combined model ( R 2 = 0.47, root mean square error = 1.05) successfully predicted IHF% ( R 2 = 0.53) during testing and was stronger than separately inputting proteins/traditional markers ( R 2 = 0.43/0.44). The 18-month lifestyle intervention induced changes in 18 of the 39 candidate proteins, which were significantly associated with IHF% change, with proteins related to metabolism, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immune function pathways. Thrombospondin-2 protein change was higher in the green-MED compared to the MED group, beyond weight and IHF% loss ( p = 0.01). Protein principal component analysis revealed differences in the third principal component time distinct interactions across abnormal/normal IHF% trajectory combinations; p &lt; 0.05 for all). Conclusions: Our findings suggest novel proteomic signatures that may indicate MRI-assessed IHF state and changes during lifestyle intervention. Specifically, carbonic anhydrase 5A, hydroxyacid oxidase 1, and thrombospondin-2 protein changes are independently associated with IHF% change, and thrombospondin-2 protein change is greater in the green-MED/high polyphenols diet.
Unusual Renal Uptake of 131I-MIBG in a Young Hypertensive With Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Agrawal Roopal, Malhotra Gaurav
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 10-year-old hypertensive girl underwent 131 I-MIBG scan to rule out neural crest derived tumor. The whole-body images revealed diffuse intense tracer uptake in the right kidney, which persisted in 96-hour images as well. CT renal angiography revealed 90% to 95% right renal artery stenosis. Thereafter, she underwent baseline and angiotensin receptor blockade renal dynamic imaging, which revealed hemodynamically significant renal artery stenosis. Pattern of diffuse and intense 131 I-MIBG uptake, albeit rare, still warrants further evaluation to rule out renal artery stenosis and investigate its hemodynamic significance for appropriate management.
Enchondroma on Bone Scan and PSMA PET/CT in a Patient With Prostate cancer
Authors: Charisma DeSai, Lesley Flynt, Sanjit Om Tewari, Yang Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 54-year-old man with Gleason 9 prostate cancer with reported nodal and skeletal metastases was referred to us. Outside hospital reports described abnormal left proximal humerus activity on bone scan concerning for metastasis; however, concurrent PSMA PET/CT did not show activity in this lesion. Further review of the PET/CT images revealed characteristic features of enchondroma in the left humeral lesion.
Inflammatory and Malignant Uptake Along Crohn Perianal Fistula on 18F-FDG
Authors: Spencer McKinley, Favour Garuba, Malak Itani, Parakkal Deepak, David H. Ballard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Inflammatory increased metabolic activity was discovered in the left anal canal on an 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan performed for initial staging of anal squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with history of perianal Crohn disease. This increased uptake was due to a complex intersphincteric perianal fistula with supralevator extension, with a secondary, contiguous, superficial focus of squamous cell carcinoma at the anal verge that was identified on an MRI performed on the same day.
Unusual Metastasis of Signet-Ring Cell Gastric Cancer That Could Not Be Detected With 18F-FDG PET But With 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Murat Yilmaz Kiran, Leman Damla Ercan, Ecem Karatay, Duygu Has Simsek, Yasemin Sanli
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 70-year-old man who was scheduled for surgery because of the recurrence of gastric cancer was referred to our clinic preoperatively. The patient underwent a comprehensive evaluation through 18 F-FDG and 68 Ga-FAPI ( 68 Ga-labeled FAP inhibitors) PET/CT scans. The 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT scan was particularly valuable in this case because of its ability to detect recurrent mass lesions and identify unusual metastatic sites compared with the 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan.
Complete Resolution of Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer After Molecular Endoradiotherapy With 177Lu-PSMA
Authors: Mohsen Beheshti, Reza Vali, Soroush Zarehparvar Moghadam, HamidReza Amini, Masoumeh Hakiminejad, GhasemAli Divband
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 76-year-old man with castration-resistant prostate cancer underwent 68 Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT for restaging. A large PSMA-avid tumor with invasion to adjacent organs was noted causing gross hematuria and symptomatic anemia. Two cycles of 177 Lu-PSMA were administered, and the patient showed significant reduction of hematuria as well as declining in PSA levels. 177 Lu-PSMA therapy can be a good treatment option in patients with locally invasive tumors.
Recurrent Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma Involving Only in the Muscles of Extremities Shown on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Anilawan S. Fleury, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Ewing sarcoma is the second most common osseous malignancy in pediatric patient. Metastasis is common due to its aggressive nature, with 25% of patients with metastasis at diagnosis, commonly to the lungs, bone, or bone marrow. Muscle metastasis is uncommon. We report FDG PET/CT findings of multifocal muscle metastases of recurrent Ewing sarcoma in the extremities without lung and bone involvement in a 6-year-old boy.
68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in an Interesting Case of Metastatic Pulmonary Meningioma
Authors: Priyavrat Purohit, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Rajender Kumar, Harmandeep Singh, Jaya Shukla, Amanjit Bal, Navneet Singh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Meningiomas are one of the major primary CNS tumors. Most meningiomas are benign, but rarely, these metastasize to distant organs, the lungs being the commonest site of metastasis. 18 F-FDG PET/CT has been used to evaluate metastatic pulmonary meningioma. However, 68 Ga-FAPI PET/CT has not yet been evaluated. The present case highlights the 68 Ga-FAPI uptake in metastatic pulmonary meningioma in a postoperated case of left tentorial meningioma presenting with lung masses. Image-guided biopsy from the lung mass was consistent with metastatic meningioma.
Significantly Elevated FDG Activity in Neurothekeoma
Authors: Raisa Amiruddin, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Neurothekeoma is a very rare cutaneous lesion affecting mainly young patients. The lesion is generally benign. We report here that intense FDG activity on PET/CT was noted at the site of primary neurothekeoma of the right shoulder in a 16-year-old boy. Abnormal FDG activity was also seen in the metastatic neurothekeoma in the lung in the same patient 2 years later.
NK-cell–elicited gasdermin-D–dependent hepatocyte pyroptosis induces neutrophil extracellular traps that facilitate HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure
Authors: Qiang Zhao, Dong-Ping Chen, Hua-Di Chen, Ying-Zhe Wang, Wei Shi, Yi-Tong Lu, Yi-Zheng Ren, Yuan-Kai Wu, Yi-Hua Pang, Hong Deng, Xiaoshun He, Dong-Ming Kuang, Zhi-Yong Guo
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

Background and Aims: HBV infection is a major etiology of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). At present, the pattern and regulation of hepatocyte death during HBV-ACLF progression are still undefined. Evaluating the mode of cell death and its inducers will provide new insights for developing therapeutic strategies targeting cell death. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether and how immune landscapes trigger hepatocyte death and lead to the progression of HBV-related ACLF. Approach and Results: We identified that pyroptosis represented the main cell death pattern in the liver of patients with HBV-related ACLF. Deficiency of MHC-I in HBV-reactivated hepatocytes activated cytotoxic NK cells, which in turn operated in a perforin/granzyme-dependent manner to trigger GSDMD/caspase-8-dependent pyroptosis of hepatocytes. Neutrophils selectively accumulated in the pyroptotic liver, and HMGB1 derived from the pyroptotic liver constituted an important factor triggering the generation of pathogenic extracellular traps in neutrophils (NETs). Clinically, elevated plasma levels of myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes were a promising prognostic biomarker for HBV-related ACLF. More importantly, targeting GSDMD pyroptosis-HMGB1 release in the liver abrogates NETs that intercept the development of HBV-related ACLF. Conclusions: Studying the mechanisms that selectively modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis, as well as its immune landscapes, will provide a novel strategy for restoring the liver function of patients with HBV-related ACLF.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Lupus Enteritis Presenting With Fever and Abdominal Pain
Authors: Komal Preet, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Harmandeep Singh, Rajender Kumar, Aravind Sekar, Kailash Kurdia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune disease associated with various manifestations. Here, we report a compelling case of a 42-year-old woman who presented with lupus enteritis as a sole manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT. The resected bowel segment revealed vasculitis, and subsequent workup revealed positive antinuclear and anti–double-stranded antibody levels, confirming lupus enteritis, thus highlighting the diagnostic role of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in reaching the final diagnosis.
18F-FET PET/CT in Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of the Neuraxis
Authors: Demetrio Aricò, Giulia Giacoppo, Michelangelo Bambaci, Lorenza Marino, Andrea Girlando, Giuseppe Sortino, Giorgia Leone, Bethania Fernandes, Marco Alì, Laura Evangelista, Alberto Romano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 66-year-old man has been treated in a psychiatric department for 4–5 years for a depressive syndrome, which is associated with poor motor initiative, confusional state, and dysosmia. Dynamic 18 F-FET PET/CT showed only faint uptake of radiotracer just above the background on the left frontal calcific lesion. The time-activity curve of the neoplasms showed a descending pattern. After a left fronto-orbitary minicraniotomy surgery, histology examination concluded for a rare calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON). To our knowledge, no data are available on the metabolic behavior of CAPNON in 18 F-FET PET/CT. This case highlighted that a faint uptake and descending pattern on dynamic 18 F-FET PET/CT may be helpful in suspected CAPNON before surgery.
Poly(<i>N</i>‐methyl‐<i>N</i>‐vinylacetamide): A Strong Alternative to PEG for Lipid‐Based Nanocarriers Delivering siRNA (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 8/2024)
Authors: Manon Berger, François Toussaint, Sanaa Ben Djemaa, Erik Maquoi, Hélène Pendeville, Brigitte Evrard, Christine Jerôme, Jeanne Leblond Chain, Anna Lechanteur, Denis Mottet, Antoine Debuigne, Géraldine Piel
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)