tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Health Impacts of Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuel Toward Cleaner Energy
Authors: Michelle L. Bell, Kenneth T. Gillingham
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2025)

While energy transitions have always taken place, shifts have historically been primarily from one type of fossil fuel to another (e.g., from coal to oil). Yet today we are experiencing transitions away from fossil fuel toward cleaner and sustainable energy sources. These transitions include shifts to renewable energy, electric vehicles, pedestrian pathways and more walkable cities, energy efficiency measures in the built environment, and increased public transportation. This restructuring of our energy system will bring impacts on public health (e.g., improved air quality from lower use of traditional gasoline-powered vehicles). Furthermore, the transition can lower emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), thereby helping slow climate change and minimize its anticipated impacts on public health. While more work is needed to understand the full implications of these energy transitions, including the implications for environmental justice in terms of who will share in the health benefits and potential detriments such as increased emissions from brake wear for electric vehicles, the existing literature indicates substantial benefits to public health. Moving away from fossil fuel may offer a rare win-win strategy for a healthier society with a cleaner environment and lower GHGs.
Correction: The RNA-Protein Interactome of Differentiated Kidney Tubular Epithelial Cells
Authors: Ignarski Michael, Rill Constantin, W.J. Kaiser Rainer, Kaldirim Madlen, Neuhaus René, Esmaillie Reza, Li Xinping, Klein Corinna, Bohl Katrin, Petersen Maike, Frese Christian K, Höhne Martin, Atanassov Ilian, Rinschen Markus M, Höpker Katja, Schermer Bernhard, Benzing Thomas, Dieterich Christoph, Fabretti Francesca, Müller Roman-Ulrich
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)
Correction: The Integrated RNA Landscape of Renal Preconditioning against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Johnsen Marc, Kubacki Torsten, Yeroslaviz Assa, Späth Martin Richard, Mörsdorf Jannis, Göbel Heike, Bohl Katrin, Ignarski Michael, Meharg Caroline, Habermann Bianca, Altmüller Janine, Beyer Andreas, Benzing Thomas, Schermer Bernhard, Burst Volker, Müller Roman-Ulrich
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2025)
Recommendations for improving fungal taxonomy reporting in clinical microbiology
Authors: Giuliana Lo Cascio, Elisabetta Blasi, Gianluigi Lombardi, Stefano Andreoni, Silvana Sanna, Laura Trovato, Riccardo Torelli, Paolo Fazii, Pierangelo Clerici, Claudio Farina
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2025)
Epinephrine vs Norepinephrine as Initial Treatment in Children With Septic Shock
Authors: Matthew A. Eisenberg, Nathan Georgette, Alexandra H. Baker, Gregory P. Priebe, Michael C. Monuteaux
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance There is no consensus and wide practice variation in the choice of initial vasoactive agent in children with septic shock. Objective To determine whether receipt of epinephrine compared with norepinephrine as the first vasoactive medication administered is associated with improved outcomes among children with septic shock without known cardiac dysfunction. Design, Setting, and Participants This single-center, retrospective cohort study used propensity score matching to examine encounters in which a patient was diagnosed with septic shock and required a vasoactive infusion within 24 hours of ED arrival at a freestanding quaternary care children’s hospital. Participants included patients aged 1 month to 18 years who presented to the ED and were diagnosed with septic shock without known cardiac dysfunction and began an epinephrine or norepinephrine infusion within 24 hours of ED arrival between June 1, 2017, and December 31, 2023. Data were analyzed from March 1 to December 31, 2024. Exposure Epinephrine vs norepinephrine as the first vasoactive medication received. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was major adverse kidney events by 30 days (MAKE30). Secondary outcomes were 30-day in-hospital mortality, 3-day mortality, need for kidney replacement therapy or persistent kidney dysfunction, endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation days, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed with the χ 2 test of proportions for binary variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Results Among 231 included encounters, the median (IQR) age was 11.4 (5.6-15.4) years, 126 were female (54.6%), and 142 had a medical history that predisposed them to sepsis (61.5%). Most (147 [63.6%]) initially received an epinephrine infusion and 84 (36.4%) received norepinephrine. In the epinephrine group, 9 of 147 (6.1%) met the outcome of MAKE30 and 6 of 147 (4.1%) died within 30 days. In the norepinephrine group, 3 of 84 (3.6%) met MAKE30 and there were no deaths. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, there were no significant differences in the primary outcome, MAKE30. With 2:1 propensity matching, epinephrine was associated with greater 30-day mortality compared with norepinephrine (3.7% vs 0%; risk difference: 3.7%; 95% CI, 0.2%-7.2%). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, those receiving epinephrine had greater 30-day mortality but no difference in MAKE30. Prospective, confirmatory studies are needed to determine if norepinephrine should be the first-line vasoactive agent in pediatric septic shock.
Interventions for Childhood Central Obesity
Authors: Setognal B. Aychiluhm, Utpal K. Mondal, Vivian Isaac, Allen G. Ross, Kedir Y. Ahmed
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance The rapid rise in childhood central obesity and its cardiometabolic complications in adulthood highlight the urgent need for targeted global interventions. Objective To examine the association of lifestyle, behavioral, and pharmacological interventions with childhood central obesity. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Academic Search Database, and ProQuest from inception to September 25, 2024. Study Selection Inclusion criteria included (1) randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focusing on children aged 5 to 18 years with overweight or obesity at baseline and (2) measured central obesity as a primary or secondary outcome. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline was followed. Two authors independently extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0). A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool standardized mean differences (SMD) from individual studies. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analyses were also conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was childhood central obesity measured using waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, and WC z score. Results This review included 34 RCTs, involving 8183 children aged 5 to 18 years. Twelve studies had a low risk of bias, whereas 8 were deemed to have a higher risk of bias. The meta-analysis of 2 RCTs examining low-fat lunchboxes and a Mediterranean diet along with physical activity (lasting up to 150 minutes per week over 6 to 9 months) showed a significant association with WC (standard mean difference [SMD], −0.38 [95% CI, −0.58 to −0.19]). Five additional RCTs involved behavioral interventions on dietary education to reduce unhealthy snacks, increase fruit and vegetable intake, promote daily physical activity, and limit screen time, supported by online resources also showed a significant association with WC (SMD, −0.54 [95% CI, −1.06 to −0.03]). However, standalone dietary, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, dietary supplements, motivational interviewing, and combined dietary, physical activity, and behavioral methods did not show a significant association with WC. Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis of RCTs, combining dietary changes with physical activity, as well as using behavioral strategies alone, were associated with reduced central obesity in children from high- and middle-income countries. Findings from this study have policy implications for Sustainable Development Goals of ending all forms of malnutrition and reducing premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases.
Systematic screening for atrial fibrillation with non-invasive devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Wahab, Ramesh Nadarajah, Harriet Larvin, Maryum Farooq, Keerthenan Raveendra, Mohammad Haris, Umbreen Nadeem, Tobin Joseph, Asad Bhatty, Chris Wilkinson, Kamlesh Khunti, Rajesh Vedanthan, A John Camm, Emma Svennberg, Gregory Yh Lip, Ben Freedman, Jianhua Wu, Chris P Gale
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2025)
Subphenotype-Dependent Benefits of Bariatric Surgery for Individuals at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Leontine Sandforth, Violeta Raverdy, Arvid Sandforth, Pierre Bauvin, Estelle Chatelain, Helene Verkindt, Geltrude Mingrone, Caterina Guidone, Ornella Verrastro, Karin Zhou, Rami Archid, André Mihaljevic, Robert Caiazzo, Gregory Baud, Camille Marciniak, Mikael Chetboun, Marlene Ganslmeier, Vitória Minelli Faiao, Martin Heni, Louise Fritsche, Anja Moller, Konstantinos Kantartzis, Andreas Peter, Rainer Lehmann, Robert Wagner, Katsiaryna Prystupa, Andreas Fritsche, Norbert Stefan, Hubert Preissl, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg, François Pattou
Journal: Diabetes Care (2025)

OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment option for individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, whether outcomes in subtypes of individuals at risk for T2D and/or comorbidities (Tübingen Clusters) differ, is unknown. Of these, cluster 5 (C5) and cluster 6 (C6) are high-risk clusters for developing T2D and/or comorbidities, while cluster 4 (C4) is a low-risk cluster. We investigated bariatric surgery outcomes, hypothesizing that high-risk clusters benefit most due to great potential for metabolic improvement. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We allocated participants without T2D but at risk for T2D, defined by elevated BMI, to the Tübingen Clusters. Participants had normal glucose regulation or prediabetes according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Two cohorts underwent bariatric surgery: a discovery (Lille, France) and a replication cohort (Rome, Italy). A control cohort (Tübingen, Germany) received behavioral modification counseling. Main outcomes included alteration of glucose regulation parameters and prediabetes remission. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, 15.0% of participants (n = 121) were allocated to C4, 22.3% (n = 180) to C5, and 62.4% (n = 503) to C6. Relative body weight loss was similar among all clusters; however, reduction of insulin resistance and improvement of β-cell function were strongest in C5. Prediabetes remission rate was lowest in low-risk C4 and highest in high-risk C5. Individuals from high-risk clusters changed to low-risk clusters in both bariatric surgery cohorts but not in the control cohort. CONCLUSIONS Participants in C5 had the highest benefit from bariatric surgery in terms of improvement in insulin resistance, β-cell function, and prediabetes remission. This novel classification might help identify individuals who will benefit specifically from bariatric surgery.
Reply to Correspondence: The Bronchodilator and Anti‐Inflammatory Effect of Long‐Acting Muscarinic Antagonists in Asthma: An <scp>EAACI</scp> Position Paper
Authors: I. Agache, I. M. Adcock, C. A. Akdis, M. Akdis, G. Bentabol‐Ramos, M. van den Berge, C. Boccabella, G. W. Canonica, C. Caruso, M. Couto, I. Davila, D. Drummond, J. Fonseca, A. Gherasim, S. del Giacco, D. J. Jackson, M. Jutel, A. Licari, S. Loukides, A. Moreira, M. Mukherjee, I. Ojanguren, O. Palomares, A. Papi, L. Perez de Llano, O. J. Price, M. Rukhazde, M. H. Shamji, D. Shaw, S. Sanchez‐Garcia, A. Testera‐Montes, M. J. Torres, Ibon Eguiluz‐Gracia
Journal: Allergy (2025)
<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infection induces T cell tolerance that is associated with decreased disease severity upon re-infection
Authors: Diana Muñoz Sandoval, Florian A. Bach, Alasdair Ivens, Adam C. Harding, Natasha L. Smith, Michalina Mazurczyk, Yrene Themistocleous, Nick J. Edwards, Sarah E. Silk, Jordan R. Barrett, Graeme J.M. Cowan, Giorgio Napolitani, Nicholas J. Savill, Simon J. Draper, Angela M. Minassian, Wiebke Nahrendorf, Philip J. Spence
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2025)

Immunity to severe malaria is acquired quickly, operates independently of pathogen load, and represents a highly effective form of disease tolerance. The mechanism that underpins tolerance remains unknown. We used a human rechallenge model of falciparum malaria in which healthy adult volunteers were infected three times over a 12 mo period to track the development of disease tolerance in real-time. We found that parasitemia triggered a hardwired innate immune response that led to systemic inflammation, pyrexia, and hallmark symptoms of clinical malaria across the first three infections of life. In contrast, a single infection was sufficient to reprogram T cell activation and reduce the number and diversity of effector cells upon rechallenge. Crucially, this did not silence stem-like memory cells but instead prevented the generation of cytotoxic effectors associated with autoinflammatory disease. Tolerized hosts were thus able to prevent collateral tissue damage in the absence of antiparasite immunity.
A single-cell atlas of Schwannoma across genetic backgrounds and anatomic locations
Authors: L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro, Avishai Gavish, Lillian Bussema, Christopher W Mount, Cyril Neftel, Masashi Nomura, E Antonio Chiocca, Wenya Linda Bi, Omar Arnaout, Fred G Barker, Justin M Brown, Justin T Jordan, Tracy T Batchelor, Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov, Scott R Plotkin, Itay Tirosh, Mario L Suvà
Journal: Genome Medicine (2025)

Schwannomas are nerve sheath tumors arising at cranial and peripheral nerves, either sporadically or in patients with a schwannomatosis-predisposition syndrome. There is limited understanding of the transcriptional heterogeneity of schwannomas across genetic backgrounds and anatomic locations. Here, we prospectively profile by single-cell full-length transcriptomics tumors from 22 patients with NF2-related schwannomatosis, non-NF2-related schwannomatosis, and sporadic schwannomas, resected from cranial and peripheral nerves. We profiled 11,373 cells (after QC), including neoplastic cells, fibroblasts, T cells, endothelial cells, myeloid cells, and pericytes. We characterize the intra-tumoral genetic and transcriptional heterogeneity of schwannoma, identifying six distinct transcriptional metaprograms, with gene signatures related to stress, myelin production, antigen presentation, interferon signaling, glycolysis, and extracellular matrix. We demonstrate the robustness of our findings with analysis of an independent cohort. Overall, our atlas describes the spectrum of gene expression across schwannoma entities at the single-cell level and will serve as an important resource for the community.
The Impact of Melphalan Conditioning and <scp>CD34</scp><sup>+</sup> Cell Dose and Schedule on Post‐Transplant Outcomes in <scp>AL</scp> Amyloidosis
Authors: Eli Muchtar, Vaishali Sanchorawala, Hamza Hassan, Ute Hegenbart, Stefan Schönland, Hans C. Lee, Muzaffar Qazilbash, Andrew Kin, Jeffrey Zonder, Eapen Jacob, Francis Buadi, Angela Dispenzieri, David Dingli, Sally Arai, Michelle Chin, Rajshekhar Chakraborty, Suzanne Lentzsch, Hila Magen, Eden Shkury, Caitlin Sarubbi, Heather Landau, Morie Gertz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2025)

ABSTRACT The optimal conditioning schedule and CD34+ cell dose for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for AL amyloidosis is unknown. Patients ( n = 1704) who underwent ASCT for AL amyloidosis between 2003 and 2020 in 9 centers were included. Data on melphalan conditioning dose, number of conditioning days, whether a rest day between conditioning and stem cell infusion was given or not, and infused CD34 + cell dose were collected. Full‐dose melphalan (≥ 180 mg/m 2 ) was administered in 63.7% of the patients, and 80.4% had melphalan split into 2‐day conditioning. A rest day (day −1) between the conditioning regimen and stem cell infusion was provided in 52.5% of patients. The median infused CD34 + cell count was 4.7 × 10 6 /kg. An infused CD34 + cell count ≥ 4.5 × 10 6 /kg was associated with a shorter time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment. In a nominal regression analysis, full‐dose melphalan, 1‐day melphalan conditioning, and omitting a rest day between conditioning and stem cell infusion were independent predictors of post‐ASCT higher deep hematological response. The median follow‐up was 8.6 years, and 38% of patients died. Independent predictors of superior overall survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis included full‐dose melphalan, having no rest day, and infused CD34 + cells ≥ 4.5 × 10 6 /kg. Independent predictors of higher day‐100 transplant‐related mortality (TRM) in nominal logistic regression analysis included poorer performance status, NT‐proBNP/BNP ≥ 1800/400 pg/mL, serum albumin &lt; 2.5 g/dL, CD34 + cells &lt; 4.5 × 10 6 /kg, and not having a rest day. In conclusion, 1 day of melphalan conditioning and administration of CD34 + cells ≥ 4.5 × 10 6 /kg are recommended for ASCT in AL amyloidosis.
Expert perspective: How, When, and Why to Potentially Stop Anti‐resorptive Drugs in Osteoporosis
Authors: Giovanni Adami, Kenneth G Saag
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2025)

Osteoporosis is a chronic disease and anti‐resorptive treatments are often continued for many years. Despite their established efficacy in reducing fracture risk, the most commonly used anti‐resorptive treatments bisphosphonates and denosumab have short and longer term risks that, coupled with their benefits and other unique characteristics, influence consideration for at least periodic discontinuation. Bisphosphonates retain their effects even after discontinuation due to their prolonged skeletal retention, while denosumab discontinuation is associated with a rapid rebound in bone turnover and increased fracture risk. There is controversy about how, when, and why to potentially stop these agents. We discuss both permanent and temporary discontinuation of long‐term treatment with bisphosphonates and denosumab. We focus on the reasons and timing for discontinuation, as well as strategies to mitigate future fracture risk. image
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Alone or in Combination with Immunotherapy in Kidney Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nora Sundahl, Laurence Albiges, Toni K Choueiri, Elise De Bleser, Gert De Meerleer, Raquibul Hannan, Rana McKay, Chad Tang, Shankar Siva
Journal: European Urology (2025)
Rapid clinical and transcriptomic response to anifrolumab in refractory anti-TIF1γ–positive juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Clément Triaille, Maryam Piram, Benjamin Ellezam, Karine Leveille, Catherine Maari, Amandine Remy, Khampoun Sayasith, Elie Haddad, Marie-Paule Morin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2025)
Author Correction: Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults
Authors: Magda Bosch de Basea, Isabelle Thierry-Chef, Richard Harbron, Michael Hauptmann, Graham Byrnes, Maria-Odile Bernier, Lucian Le Cornet, Jérémie Dabin, Gilles Ferro, Tore S Istad, Andreas Jahnen, Choonsik Lee, Carlo Maccia, Françoise Malchair, Hilde Olerud, Steven L Simon, Jordi Figuerola, Anna Peiro, Hilde Engels, Christoffer Johansen, Maria Blettner, Magnus Kaijser, Kristina Kjaerheim, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Neige Journy, Johanna M Meulepas, Monika Moissonnier, Arvid Nordenskjold, Roman Pokora, Cecile Ronckers, Joachim Schüz, Ausrele Kesminiene, Elisabeth Cardis
Journal: Nature Medicine (2025)
Bacterial extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis: a new bridge of the gut-joint axis
Authors: Luyu Niu, Wanzhuo Chen, Zhifeng Yin, Hongbo Tan, Jin Cui, Jiacan Su
Journal: Gut Microbes (2025)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease primarily characterized by cartilage degeneration. Increasing evidence suggests that there is an interplay between the gut microbiota (GM) and joint health, known as the gut-joint axis. In recent years, with the advancement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) research, its role in the gut-joint axis has attracted increasing attention. BEVs are phospholipid bilayer nanocarriers with sizes ranging from 20 to 400 nm, which can deliver various bioactive molecules to modulate the intestinal and joint microenvironments. Due to nanoscale structure, low toxicity, high drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, easy modification, and industrialization, BEVs are promising for OA treatment. Here, we reviewed the research status of BEVs including biogenies, classification, structures, and composition, and summarized the cargo within BEVs that is associated with OA. The application of natural BEVs in the treatment of OA is the core, and the separation, purification, and modification strategies for engineered BEVs are summarized. Finally, we provide an overview and prospects of the role of BEVs in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA. We hope that a comprehensive understanding of BEVs will provide new solutions for OA treatment.
The importance of monitoring a new antibiotic: ceftazidime/avibactam usage and resistance experience from England, 2016 to 2020
Authors: Rebecca L Guy, Katie L Hopkins, Emma L Budd, Kate Wilson, Holly Fountain, Danièle Meunier, Rachel Pike, Sarah M Gerver, Roshina Gnanadurai, Colin S Brown, Susan Hopkins, Berit Muller-Pebody
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2025)

Background Ceftazidime/avibactam, launched in the United Kingdom (UK) in March 2017, is an antibiotic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. It was selected for the government’s subscription model pilot, for incentivising new antibiotic development, which began in December 2020. Aim Ahead of the pilot, we assessed ceftazidime/avibactam testing, resistance (2016−2020) and usage (2017−2020) levels in England, as baselines for future surveillance. Methods From routine surveillance samples, we retrieved reported ceftazidime/avibactam resistance categorisation. From reference laboratory samples, we reviewed minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) and molecular data. Among surveillance samples, per cent resistance was estimated. Referred samples’ MICs, by carbapenemase gene presence, were investigated. Ceftazidime/avibactam hospital use was measured in defined daily doses (DDDs). Results Overall, 6.3% (4,200/66,914; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 6.1–6.4%) of surveillance-reported ceftazidime/avibactam-tested Gram-negative bacteria were resistant. Percentage resistance per bacterial species varied over time, somewhat stabilising as testing was established, with between April 2019 and March 2020, 1.3% Escherichia coli (288/22,736; 95%CI: 1.1−1.4%), 12.6% Pseudomonas aeruginosa (690/5,495; 95%CI: 11.7−13.5%) and 6.1% of Klebsiella pneumoniae (314/5,179; 95%CI: 5.4−6.7%) being resistant. For 8,437 referred Enterobacterales, MIC determination found 11.5% (968/8,437; 95%CI: 10.8–12.2%) resistant. Among resistant isolates, 89.3% (864/968; 95%CI: 87.1–91.1%) had metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes. Of 908 MBL-negative isolates, producing ≥ 1 non-metallo-carbapenemase(s), 2.1% (19/908; 95%CI: 1.3–3.2%) were resistant. Since March 2017, 69.5% (105/151) of English National Health Service Trusts used ceftazidime/avibactam. Monthly usage progressed from 21 to 744 DDDs in March 2020. Conclusion For appropriate treatment, carbapenemase gene detection and variant identification in ceftazidime/avibactam surveillance matters. Detecting emerging resistant pathogens and preventing spread within healthcare settings requires vigilance.