tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of large scale, multicomponent intervention to reduce proton pump inhibitor overuse in integrated healthcare system: difference-in-difference study
Authors: Jacob E Kurlander, Loren Laine, Hyungjin Myra Kim, Christopher B Roberts, Darcy Saffar, Aimee Myers, Robert Holleman, Yuqing Gao, Michelle Shank, Richard Nelson, Jane Forman, Christian D Helfrich, Sarah L Krein, Sameer D Saini, Yu-Xiao Yang
Journal: BMJ (2024)

Objective To determine how a large scale, multicomponent, pharmacy based intervention to reduce proton pump inhibitor (PPI) overuse affected prescribing patterns, healthcare utilization, and clinical outcomes. Design Difference-in-difference study. Setting US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, in which one regional network implemented the overuse intervention and all 17 others served as controls. Participants All individuals receiving primary care from 2009 to 2019. Intervention Limits on PPI refills for patients without a documented indication for long term use, voiding of PPI prescriptions not recently filled, facilitated electronic prescribing of H2 receptor antagonists, and education for patients and clinicians. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who filled a PPI prescription per 6 months. Secondary outcomes included percentage of days PPI gastroprotection was prescribed in patients at high risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, percentage of patients who filled either a PPI or H2 receptor antagonist prescription, hospital admission for acid peptic disease in older adults appropriate for PPI gastroprotection, primary care visits for an upper gastrointestinal diagnosis, upper endoscopies, and PPI associated clinical conditions. Results The number of patients analyzed per interval ranged from 192 607 to 250 349 in intervention sites and from 3 775 953 to 4 360 868 in control sites, with 26% of patients receiving PPIs before the intervention. The intervention was associated with an absolute reduction of 7.3% (95% confidence interval −7.6% to −7.0%) in patients who filled PPI prescriptions, an absolute reduction of 11.3% (−12.0% to −10.5%) in PPI use among patients appropriate for gastroprotection, and an absolute reduction of 5.72% (−6.08% to −5.36%) in patients who filled a PPI or H2 receptor antagonist prescription. No increases were seen in primary care visits for upper gastrointestinal diagnoses, upper endoscopies, or hospital admissions for acid peptic disease in older patients appropriate for gastroprotection. No clinically significant changes were seen in any PPI associated clinical conditions. Conclusions The multicomponent intervention was associated with reduced PPI use overall but also in patients appropriate for gastroprotection, with minimal evidence of either clinical benefits or harms.
Errors in Methods and Results Sections, Figure, Table 1, and Supplement 1
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

the Original Investigation "Associations Between Vascular Risk Factor Levels and Cognitive Decline Among Stroke Survivors," 1 published May 17, 2023, there were errors in the Methods and Results sections, the Figure, andTable 1.These sections should have stated that all observed glucose levels, rather than fasting glucose levels, were used.Additionally, 3 eTables were added to Supplement 1 with results from a sensitivity analysis using estimated fasting glucose levels.The authors have explained what happened in a Comment. 2
Goals of Care Among Patients With Advanced Cancer and Their Family Caregivers in the Last Years of Life
Authors: Semra Ozdemir, Isha Chaudhry, Chetna Malhotra, Irene Teo, Eric Andrew Finkelstein, Ratna Singh, Rebecca A. Dent, Yin Bun Cheung, Rahul Malhotra, Ravindran Kanesvaran, Alethea Chung Pheng Yee, Noreen Chan, Huei Yaw Wu, Soh Mun Chin, Allyn Yin Mei Hum, Grace Meijuan Yang, Patricia Soek Hui Neo, Nivedita V Nadkarni
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Understanding goals of care for terminally ill patients at the end of life is crucial to ensure that patients receive care consistent with their preferences.
The Effects of Pantoprazole on Kidney Outcomes
Authors: Lonnie Pyne, Andrew Smyth, Amber O. Molnar, Paul Moayyedi, Eva Muehlhofer, Salim Yusuf, John Eikelboom, Jacqueline Bosch, Michael Walsh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2024)

Key Points In this post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial, the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole led to a faster rate of eGFR decline as compared with placebo. Additional studies are needed to determine the effect of proton pump inhibitors on those at higher risk of adverse kidney outcomes. Background Observational studies have found an association between proton pump inhibitor use and worsening kidney function. It is unclear whether these associations are causal. We conducted post hoc analyses to determine the effect of pantoprazole on kidney function using data from the Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (COMPASS) trial, a 17,598-participant randomized trial comparing pantoprazole (8791) with placebo (8807). Methods The primary outcome was the rate of eGFR change. Rate of eGFR change was based on the two eGFR measures available: the eGFR at randomization and at the open-label extension study that enrolled at trial conclusion. Secondary outcomes included incident CKD (defined by eGFR &lt;60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 at open-label extension or case report forms) as well as AKI, acute nephritis, and nephrotic syndrome. Results Eight thousand nine hundred ninety-one of the 17,598 participants randomized to pantoprazole/placebo (51%) had eGFR recorded at baseline and open-label extension enrollment and were included in the rate of eGFR change population (mean age 67 [SD 8] years, 22% female, mean baseline eGFR 75 [SD 17.5] ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ). The mean duration between randomization and open-label extension eGFR was 3.3 (SD 0.8) years. The placebo rate of eGFR change was −1.41 (SD 4.45) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year. The pantoprazole rate of eGFR change was −1.64 (SD 4.47) ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year. In adjusted analyses, pantoprazole had a 0.27 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 per year greater decline in eGFR (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11 to 0.43). The odds ratio for the effect of pantoprazole on incident CKD was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.25) and on AKI was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.21). There were five nephrotic syndrome outcomes recorded and one event of acute nephritis. Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of the COMPASS trial, pantoprazole resulted in a statistically significant greater rate of eGFR decline as compared with placebo. Clinical Trial registry name and registration number: Rivaroxaban for the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease (COMPASS), NCT01776424.
Second Primary Breast Cancer in Young Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kristen D. Brantley, Shoshana M. Rosenberg, Laura C. Collins, Kathryn J. Ruddy, Rulla M. Tamimi, Lidia Schapira, Virginia F. Borges, Ellen Warner, Steven E. Come, Yue Zheng, Gregory J. Kirkner, Craig Snow, Eric P. Winer, Ann H. Partridge
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Among women diagnosed with primary breast cancer (BC) at or younger than age 40 years, prior data suggest that their risk of a second primary BC (SPBC) is higher than that of women who are older when they develop a first primary BC.
Fine-Scale Neighborhood Air Pollution Mapping: A First Step Towards Decoding Racial Asthma Disparities
Authors: Neeta Thakur, John R. Balmes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

"Fine-Scale Neighborhood Air Pollution Mapping: A First Step Towards Decoding Racial Asthma Disparities." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 0(ja), pp.
The Cass review: an opportunity to unite behind evidence informed care in gender medicine
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2024)

dysphoria had moved ahead of the evidence-a recipe for harm.People who are gender non-conforming experience stigmatisation, marginalisation, and harassment in every society.They are vulnerable, particularly childhood and adolescence.The best way to them, however, is not with advocacy and activism based on substandard evidence.The Cass review is an opportunity to pause, recalibrate, and place evidence informed care at the heart of gender medicine.It is an opportunity not to be missed for the sake of the health of children and young people.It is an opportunity for unity. 1
A Black American Nutrition Scholar and Advocate: My Journey
Authors: Shiriki K. Kumanyika
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2024)

I started my journey as a nutrition scholar in 1974 when I began PhD studies at Cornell University. My journey has been rich with opportunity. I engaged in research on diet-related risks for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, partly motivated by my strong commitment to addressing health disparities affecting Black Americans. Obesity became my major focus and would eventually involve both US and global lenses. This focus was also linked to other dietary intake issues and health disparities and drew on knowledge I had gained in my prior study and practice of social work. I positioned myself as a bridge builder across nutrition, epidemiology, and public health, advocating for certain new ways of thinking and acting in these spheres and in the academy itself. Life skills honed during my formative years living within racially segregated contexts have been critical to any successes I have achieved.
Environmental Exposome and Atrial Fibrillation: Emerging Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Sojin Youn Wass, Omar Hahad, Zain Asad, Shuo Li, Mina K. Chung, Emelia J. Benjamin, Khurram Nasir, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Sadeer G. Al-Kindi
Journal: Circulation Research (2024)

There has been increased awareness of the linkage between environmental exposures and cardiovascular health and disease. Atrial fibrillation is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, affecting millions of people worldwide and contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality. Although numerous studies have explored the role of genetic and lifestyle factors in the development and progression of atrial fibrillation, the potential impact of environmental determinants on this prevalent condition has received comparatively less attention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on environmental determinants of atrial fibrillation, encompassing factors such as air pollution, temperature, humidity, and other meteorologic conditions, noise pollution, greenspace, and the social environment. We discuss the existing evidence from epidemiological and mechanistic studies, critically evaluating the strengths and limitations of these investigations and the potential underlying biological mechanisms through which environmental exposures may affect atrial fibrillation risk. Furthermore, we address the potential implications of these findings for public health and clinical practice and identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in this emerging field.
Notch1 regulates hepatic thrombopoietin production
Authors: Yueyue Sun, Huan Tong, Xiang Chu, Yingying Li, Jie Zhang, Yangyang Ding, Sixuan Zhang, Xiang Gui, Chong Chen, Mengdi Xu, Zhenyu Li, Elizabeth E. Gardiner, Robert K. Andrews, Lingyu Zeng, Kailin Xu, Jianlin Qiao
Journal: Blood (2024)
An investigation of trachoma vaccine regimens by the chlamydia vaccine CTH522 administered with cationic liposomes in healthy adults (CHLM-02): a phase 1, double-blind trial
Authors: Katrina M Pollock, Álvaro H Borges, Hannah M Cheeseman, Ida Rosenkrands, Kirstine L Schmidt, Rie E Søndergaard, Suzanne Day, Abbey Evans, Leon R McFarlane, Jennifer Joypooranachandran, Fahimah Amini, Per Skallerup, Rebecca B Dohn, Charlotte G Jensen, Anja W Olsen, Peter Bang, Tom Cole, Joanna Schronce, Nana-Marie Lemm, Max P Kristiansen, Peter L Andersen, Jes Dietrich, Robin J Shattock, Frank Follmann
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2024)
Internal and external bidirectional traction facilitating endoscopic submucosal excavation of a huge subepithelial tumor in the fornix of the gastric fundus near the cardia
Authors: Zhi-qiang Du, Jing Tang, Wei-hui Liu
Journal: Endoscopy (2024)

Endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) are efficacious and reliable methods for managing gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors [1] [2] [3]. Some traction methods are often used to expose subepithelial tumors [3]. However, traditional traction methods may be inadequate for full exposure and complete excavation [4] [5]. To address this issue, we have developed an internal and external bidirectional traction method that has been successfully utilized in ESE ([Video 1]).
Siglec-F<sup>+</sup> neutrophils in the spleen induce immunosuppression following acute infection
Authors: Chaoxiong Liao, Shuhua Luo, Xiaolei Liu, Lina Zhang, Pengyun Xie, Wending Zhou, Yue Lu, Hanhui Zhong, Xuedi Zhang, Ziying Xiong, Xiao Huang, Guixi Mo, Daqing Ma, Jing Tang
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Background:The mechanisms underlying the increased mortality of secondary infections during the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis remain elusive.Objectives: We sought to investigate the role of Siglec-F + neutrophils on splenic T lymphocytes in the immunosuppressed phase of sepsis and on secondary infection in PICS mice, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Methods: We established a mouse model of sepsis-induced immunosuppression followed by secondary infection with LPS or E. coli.The main manifestation of immunosuppression is the functional exhaustion of splenic T lymphocytes.Treg depletion reagent Anti-IL-2, IL-10 blocker Anti-IL-10R, macrophage depletion reagent Liposomes, neutrophil depletion reagent Anti-Ly6G, neutrophil migration inhibitor SB225002, Siglec-F depletion reagent Anti-Siglec-F are all used on PICS mice.The function of neutrophil subsets was investigated by adoptive transplantation and the experiments in vitro.Results: Compared to other organs, we observed a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spleen, accompanied by a marked increase in IL-10 production, primarily by infiltrating neutrophils.These infiltrating neutrophils in the spleen during the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis undergo phenotypic change in the local microenvironment, exhibiting high expression of neutrophil biomarkers such as Siglec-F, Ly6G, and Siglec-E.Depletion of neutrophils or specifically targeting Siglec-F leads to enhance the function of T lymphocytes and a notable improvement in the survival of mice with secondary infections.Conclusions: We identified Siglec-F + neutrophils as the primary producers of IL-10, which significantly contributed to T lymphocyte suppression represents a novel finding with potential therapeutic implications.
Nanotechnology in inflammation: cutting-edge advances in diagnostics, therapeutics and theranostics
Authors: Yuting Liu, Ziqi Lin, Yuting Wang, Liuhui Chen, Yuequan Wang, Cong Luo
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Inflammatory dysregulation is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of many life-threatening diseases.Accurate detection and timely therapeutic intervention on inflammatory dysregulation are crucial for the effective therapy of inflammation-associated diseases.However, the clinical outcomes of inflammation-involved disorders are still unsatisfactory.Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop innovative anti-inflammatory strategies by integrating emerging technological innovations with traditional therapeutics.Biomedical nanotechnology is one of the promising fields that can potentially transform the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation.In this review, we outline recent advances in biomedical nanotechnology for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation, with special attention paid to nanosensors and nanoprobes for precise diagnosis of inflammation-related diseases, emerging anti-inflammatory nanotherapeutics, as well as nanotheranostics and combined anti-inflammatory applications.Moreover, the prospects and challenges for clinical translation of nanoprobes and anti-inflammatory nanomedicines are highlighted.
Retraction of “Universal theranostic CRISPR/Cas13a RNA-editing system for glioma”
Authors: Ye Wu, Yunfei Wang, Junhu Zhou, Jianhao Wang, Qi Zhan, Qixue Wang, Eryan Yang, Weili Jin, Fei Tong, Jixing Zhao, Biao Hong, Junrui Liu, Chunsheng Kang
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.84429.].
Hypofractionated radiotherapy combined with lenalidomide improves systemic antitumor activity in mouse solid tumor models
Authors: Kateryna Onyshchenko, Ren Luo, Xi Rao, Xuanwei Zhang, Simone Gaedicke, Anca-Ligia Grosu, Elke Firat, Gabriele Niedermann
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Background: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (hRT) can induce a T cell-mediated abscopal effect on non-irradiated tumor lesions, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).However, clinically, this effect is still rare, and ICB-mediated adverse events are common.Lenalidomide (lena) is an anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory drug used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.We here investigated in solid tumor models whether lena can enhance the abscopal effect in double combination with hRT.Methods: In two syngeneic bilateral tumor models (B16-CD133 melanoma and MC38 colon carcinoma), the primary tumor was treated with hRT.Lena was given daily for 3 weeks.Besides tumor size and survival, the dependence of the antitumor effects on CD8 + cells, type-I IFN signaling, and T cell costimulation was determined with depleting or blocking antibodies.Tumor-specific CD8 + T cells were quantified, and their differentiation and effector status were characterized by multicolor flow cytometry using MHC-I tetramers and various antibodies.In addition, dendritic cell (DC)-mediated tumor antigen cross-presentation in vitro and directly ex vivo and the composition of tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells were investigated.Results: In both tumor models, the hRT/lena double combination induced a significant abscopal effect.Control of the non-irradiated secondary tumor and survival were considerably better than with the respective monotherapies.The abscopal effect was strongly dependent on CD8 + cells and associated with an increase in tumor-specific CD8 + T cells in the non-irradiated tumor and its draining lymph nodes.Additionally, we found more tumor-specific T cells with a stem-like (TCF1 + TIM3 -PD1 + ) and a transitory (TCF1 -TIM3 + CD101 -PD1 + ) exhausted phenotype and more expressing effector molecules such as GzmB, IFNγ, and TNFα.Moreover, in the non-irradiated tumor, hRT/lena treatment also increased DCs cross-presenting a tumor model antigen.Blocking type-I IFN signaling, which is essential for cross-presentation, completely abrogated the abscopal effect.A gene expression analysis of bone marrow-derived DCs revealed that lena augmented the expression of IFN response genes and genes associated with differentiation, maturation (including CD70, CD83, and CD86), migration to lymph nodes, and T cell activation.Flow cytometry confirmed an increase in CD70 + CD83 + CD86 + DCs in both irradiated and abscopal tumors.Moreover, the hRT/lena-induced abscopal effect was diminished when these costimulatory molecules were blocked simultaneously using antibodies.In line with the enhanced infiltration by DCs and tumor-specific CD8 + T cells, including more stem-like cells, hRT/lena also increased tumor-associated high endothelial cells (TA-HECs) in the non-irradiated tumor. Ivyspring
Management of the infant born to a mother with tuberculosis: a systematic review and consensus practice guideline
Authors: Nadia Hasan, Clare Nourse, H Simon Schaaf, Adrie Bekker, Marian Loveday, Betina M Alcântara Gabardo, Christopher Coulter, Chishala Chabala, Sushil Kabra, Eilish Moore, Elizabeth Maleche-Obimbo, Nicole Salazar-Austin, Nicole Ritz, Jeffrey R Starke, Andrew P Steenhoff, Rina Triasih, Steven B Welch, Ben J Marais
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2024)
The colon targeting efficacies of mesalazine medications and their impacts on the gut microbiome
Authors: Laura E. McCoubrey, Nidhi Seegobin, Nannapat Sangfuang, Frédéric Moens, Hans Duyvejonck, Eline Declerck, Arno Dierick, Massimo Marzorati, Abdul W. Basit
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2024)

Successful treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is highly dependent on several parameters, including dosing regimen and the ability to deliver drugs to the disease site. In this study two strategies for delivering mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA) to the colon were compared in an advanced in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the SHIME® system. Herein, a prodrug strategy employing bacteria-mediated drug release (sulfasalazine, Azulfidine®) was evaluated alongside a formulation strategy that utilised pH and bacteria-mediated release (5-ASA, Octasa® 1600 mg). SHIME® experiments were performed simulating both the GI physiology and colonic microbiota under healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) conditions, to study the impact of the disease state and ileal pH variability on colonic 5-ASA delivery. In addition, the effects of the products on the colonic microbiome were investigated by monitoring bacterial growth and metabolites. Results demonstrated that both the prodrug and formulation approaches resulted in a similar percentage of 5-ASA recovery under healthy conditions. On the contrary, during experiments simulating the GI physiology and microbiome of IBD patients (the target population) the formulation strategy resulted in a higher proportion of 5-ASA delivery to the colonic region as compared to the prodrug approach (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, the two products had distinct effects on the synthesis of key bacterial metabolites, such as lactate and short chain fatty acids, which varied according to disease state and ileal pH variability. Further, both 5-ASA and sulfasalazine significantly reduced the growth of the faecal microbiota sourced from six healthy humans. The findings support that the approach selected for colonic drug delivery could significantly influence the effectiveness of UC treatment, and highlight that drugs licensed for UC may differentially impact the growth and functioning of the colonic microbiota.