tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with PEG Hydrogel Alleviate Maternal Simulated Birth Injury in a Rat Model
Authors: Qing Wang, Yaqin Li, Yue Zhang, Xiaotong Wu, Shiyan Wang, Xiuli Sun, Jianliu Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common and distressing condition affecting women, particularly those with a history of vaginal delivery. The impact of extracellular vesicles derived from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSC‐EVs) on pelvic floor tissue injury remains unclear. Due to their short half‐life and rapid clearance in vivo, ADSC‐EVs lose efficacy quickly. To address this, an injectable tetra‐PEG hydrogel to encapsulate ADSC‐EVs (PEG@EVs) is developed. The hydrogel is formed by tetra‐PEG‐NH 2 and tetra‐PEG‐NHS through an ammonolysis reaction, leading to the formation of amide bonds within seconds. Vaginal wall tissue from POP patients shows disruption in the extracellular matrix, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. In vitro, ADSC‐EVs significantly reduce H₂O₂‐induced oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and apoptosis, while enhancing the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream targets—CAT, NQO1, HO‐1, and SOD2. ADSC‐EVs also upregulate GPX4 and SLC7A11, reducing mitochondrial damage and mitigating ferroptosis. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 reverses these protective effects. In a rat model of childbirth injury, PEG@EVs treatment promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation, induces the M1‐to‐M2 macrophage conversion, reduces inflammation, and stimulates collagen deposition, thereby accelerating vaginal wall repair. The findings of this study may serve as a foundation for early targeted intervention in POP, representing a promising therapeutic approach.
Ceria Centre to Enhance Multi‐Active and Photothermal Response Janus Patch for Chronic Wound Senescence Inhibition and Repair
Authors: Yilin Ding, Zhipeng Sun, Zilin Wu, Yulin Zhang, Jiuzhi Ma, Huitong Luo, Xiaodong Cao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Bacterial infections and complex microenvironments induce cellular oxidative stress and cellular senescence severely affect chronic wound healing. However, the antibacterial effect of most dressings is single, which is only against the wound-breeding bacteria but cannot resist further invasion of bacteria in the environment into the wound. Few dressings can simultaneously fulfill antibacterial, antifouling, oxidative stress regulation, and cellular protection. Therefore, a Janus patch (SBMA/OHA/GelMA/TA-CeO2@HA (HGT-C@HA)) is prepared, in which the top superhydrophilic SBMA zwitterionic layer resists bacterial adhesion, and CeO2 coated with hyaluronic acid (HA) is loaded into the bottom gel as the functional center. After immersion in tannic acid (TA), Ce-TA chelate formation in situ confers photothermal antimicrobial properties to the hydrogel. It is further validated that HA-coated CeO2 enable the dressing to obtain higher antioxidant properties by regulating the proportion of Ce3+ on the nanoparticle surface, which protects cells from the high glucose and high H2O2 environment and effectively inhibits intracellular DNA damage to mitigate cellular senescence. In vivo experiments illustrate that the material significantly accelerated wound healing and improved the quality of wound healing, demonstrating the significant potential of this dressing in diabetic wound healing.
Selenium‐Albumin Nanoaccelerator Hydrogel Promotes Wound Healing by Antibacterial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant along with Inhibits Scar Formation via Downregulating CD36
Authors: Lulu Zhao, Junyi Wang, Yu Pan, Fengjian Tan, Tianlun Wang, Hongyan Ran, Meiling Pang, Xinrong Zou, Ping Xu, Aijun Chen, Jin Chen, Ping Li, Ming Zhou, Xinhong Guo, Jisheng Wang, Xiufeng Yu, Yongbo Peng
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2025)

Abstract Wounds repairing after skin damage or diabetes remain a vast medical challenge, which often faces infection, inflammation, oxidative stress, and skin scarring. Herein, a multifunctional selenium‐albumin nanoaccelerator hydrogel (H‐Se NPs‐Gel) is constructed based on the self‐assembly of human serum albumin (HSA) with selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) using carbomer as the carrier, it has remarkable antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and inhibits scarring properties than Se NPs for wound healing. Compared with Se NPs, H‐Se NPs exhibit smaller particle sizes, exceptional stability, better antibacterial activity against common bacteria and MRSA, and superior antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory capabilities in vitro without remarkable toxicity on skin cells. Importantly, it exhibits superior efficacy to Se NPs‐Gel in accelerating the healing of full‐thickness skin defects and diabetic wounds in mice. Interestingly, in a hypertrophic scar (HTS) model, H‐Se NPs‐Gel is more effective than Se NPs‐Gel in inhibiting collagen formation to suppress scarring, which is mediated by the inhibition of CD36. The antagonistic effect of H‐Se NPs on CD36 is also proved with the CD36 overexpression model. Furthermore, H‐Se NPs‐Gel demonstrates excellent safety in mice without systemic toxicity. H‐Se NPs‐Gel is an effective and safe therapy strategy for promoting wound healing and reducing scar formation in clinic.
Comparison of CNNs and Transformer Models in Diagnosing Bone Metastases in Bone Scans Using Grad-CAM
Authors: Sehyun Pak, Hye Joo Son, Dongwoo Kim, Ji Young Woo, Ik Yang, Hee Sung Hwang, Dohyoung Rim, Min Seok Choi, Suk Hyun Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

Purpose: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been studied for detecting bone metastases on bone scans; however, the application of ConvNeXt and transformer models has not yet been explored. This study aims to evaluate the performance of various deep learning models, including the ConvNeXt and transformer models, in diagnosing metastatic lesions from bone scans. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed bone scans from patients with cancer obtained at 2 institutions: the training and validation sets (n=4626) were from Hospital 1 and the test set (n=1428) was from Hospital 2. The deep learning models evaluated included ResNet18, the Data-Efficient Image Transformer (DeiT), the Vision Transformer (ViT Large 16), the Swin Transformer (Swin Base), and ConvNeXt Large. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was used for visualization. Results: Both the validation set and the test set demonstrated that the ConvNeXt large model (0.969 and 0.885, respectively) exhibited the best performance, followed by the Swin Base model (0.965 and 0.840, respectively), both of which significantly outperformed ResNet (0.892 and 0.725, respectively). Subgroup analyses revealed that all the models demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy for patients with polymetastasis compared with those with oligometastasis. Grad-CAM visualization revealed that the ConvNeXt Large model focused more on identifying local lesions, whereas the Swin Base model focused on global areas such as the axial skeleton and pelvis. Conclusions: Compared with traditional CNN and transformer models, the ConvNeXt model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in detecting bone metastases from bone scans, especially in cases of polymetastasis, suggesting its potential in medical image analysis.
Misadministration of 177Lu-DOTATATE Instead of 177Lu-PSMA in a Patient With Prostate Cancer: Clinical Implications and Management
Authors: Mohammad Hadi Samadi, Pegah Sahafi, Susan Khezri, Zahra Fazeli, Atena Aghaee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2025)

We present a 62-year-old man with a history of very high-risk prostate cancer (Gleason score: 4+3 in 12 of 12 cores) and widespread skeletal metastases was referred for 177 Lu-PSMA therapy in the setting of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In the second session of the treatment, misadministration of 177 Lu-DOTATATE instead of 177 Lu-PSMA occurred. Post-treatment Lutetium whole body scan and SPECT/CT showed faint uptake in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles with skeletal metastases. Our case emphasizes the importance of encouraging colleagues to report medical errors and concerns about safety protocols for minimizing errors in the nuclear medicine department.
Use and Cost of First-Line Biologic Medications to Treat Plaque Psoriasis in the US
Authors: Benjamin N. Rome, Jihye Han, Helen Mooney, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Importance Plaque psoriasis is increasingly managed using anti-inflammatory biologic medications, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)−α and interleukin (IL) 12/23, IL-17, and IL-23 inhibitors. How these differently priced biologics are used has implications for the overall cost of care in the US. Objective To measure trends in the use and cost of first-line biologic treatments for plaque psoriasis from 2007 to 2021. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional study using a national commercial claims dataset (2007-2021) of biologic medication−naive patients with plaque psoriasis who initiated a biologic medication from 1 of 4 mechanistic classes, including 4 TNF-α inhibitors, 1 IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors, 3 IL-17 inhibitors, and 3 IL-23 inhibitors. Data analyses were performed from August 2023 to October 2024. Exposures Patient demographic characteristics (sex, age, geographic location, insurance type) and clinical characteristics (comorbidities, previous nonbiologic treatments for plaque psoriasis). Outcomes Trends in the proportion of patients initiating each biologic medication and the average estimated annual treatment costs over time, using commercial estimates of net prices accounting for average manufacturer rebates. Logistic regression was used to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics associated with initiating TNF-α vs IL inhibitors. Estimated savings were calculated for patients who had initiated the lowest-cost treatment within each class. Results Among 76 781 patients with plaque psoriasis who initiated biologic medications, 50.4% were female and 49.6% male, 71.8% were age 30 to 59 years, and 30% had concurrent inflammatory arthritis. From 2007 to 2021, the proportion of patients initiating IL rather than TNF-α inhibitors increased; in 2021, 42% initiated IL-23 inhibitors and 21% initiated IL-17 inhibitors. The average annual treatment cost increased from $21 236 in 2007 to $47 125 in 2021. In 2021, costs ranged from $12 413 (infliximab) to $70 043 (risankizumab). If patients initiated the lowest-cost medication in each class, the average annual treatment cost would have been 44% lower in 2021 ($26 363). Patients who were male, older, residing in the Northeast, and did not have comorbid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease had higher odds of initiating IL inhibitors than TNF-α inhibitors. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that from 2007 to 2021, treatment costs increased for biologic medications used to treat plaque psoriasis. Substantial savings are available if more patients and physicians use the lowest-cost options and/or if drug prices were better aligned with the comparative effectiveness and safety of each medication.
Recurring Papules and Nodules on the Vulva
Authors: Kaila G. Moore, Jayson R. Miedema, Sarah B. Corley
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

A woman in her 40s presents with intermittent tender papules and nodules localized to the medial surface of her labia majora and labia minora that have purulent drainage and flares. What is your diagnosis?
Digital Photography Guide for Dermatologists With Special Considerations for Diverse Populations
Authors: Madison Grinnell, Arielle Carolina Mora Hurtado, Rick Guidotti, Nada Elbuluk
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

Importance Dermatology has a complex history with photography, particularly photographs of those with skin of color. Evaluation of best practices for capturing clinically accurate digital images, particularly emphasizing techniques to improve photography portraying individuals of color, dermatologic conditions in skin of color, and pigmentary disorders is needed. Observations Historically, many different kinds of photographic technologies have calibrated color correction using participants with light skin, thus creating inaccurate photographs of those with skin of color. In photographing darker skin, royal blue backgrounds are often preferred, as this background color offers increased contrast without creating aberrant hues. Soft diffuse lighting, such as that emitted from an attachable ring light, should be used when possible. Furthermore, other aspects of photography in the clinical setting should be standardized to include a fixed distance from the patient and a dedicated space for photography. In accurately capturing erythema, inflammation, and pigmentary alterations in skin of color, specific lighting techniques such as cross-polarization may be used. In addition to these photographic techniques, there are several humanistic aspects that should be considered when photographing a patient’s dermatologic condition. Conclusions and Relevance The techniques discussed in this digital photography guide can help capture high-quality images representative of dermatologic disease processes across all skin colors, facilitate the monitoring of dermatologic disease, and create a positive experience for patients. Beyond the utility of high-quality photographs in dermatology clinics, high-quality photography can enhance skin of color representation in educational materials, expand access to dermatologic services by improving on the provision of teledermatology care, and may serve as a valuable tool for grading disease severity in clinical trials. Progress in these areas can help improve dermatologic care and health equity for diverse populations.
Negative Effects During Placebo Treatment
Authors: Tom Bschor, Josephine Unger, Lea Nagel, Guido Schwarzer, Christopher Baethge
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2025)

Importance Analyzing effects within placebo groups allows for transdiagnostic comparisons, as placebo is the only substance systematically studied across all major psychiatric diagnoses. Recently, the study team meta-analytically showed that improvement under placebo varies across major psychiatric diagnoses. However, comprehensive transdiagnostic comparisons of negative effects under placebo (nocebo effects) are lacking. Objective To compare premature study termination rates in placebo groups of high-quality randomized clinical trials (RCTs) across 9 major psychiatric disorders, focusing on total dropouts, dropouts due to adverse events, and dropouts due to lack of effect. Data Sources This analysis is part of a broader research project using a systematic approach to identifying the most recent high-quality systematic review for each diagnosis (Open-Science-Foundation preregistered: u469a ). Study Selection From these reviews, the 10 highest quality and most recent placebo-controlled RCTs were selected for each diagnosis, totaling 90 RCTs. Data Extraction and Synthesis Searches and data extraction were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook. Pooled dropout rates (DRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was total DR per diagnosis, determined in random-effects meta-analyses. Diagnostic differences were tested for statistical significance using Q tests. Potential confounders were examined in multivariable meta-regression analyses. Results Eighty-six of the 90 studies reported total DRs (10 056 participants). DR differed between diagnoses ( Q = 82.2; df = 8; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), with schizophrenia (DR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.35-0.48), panic disorder, and mania showing the highest rates, and posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (DR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.11-0.25) had the lowest. Schizophrenia and mania also had the highest DR due to lack of effect, while ADHD and MDD had the lowest ( Q = 71.3; df = 8; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Most dropouts due to adverse events occurred in obsessive-compulsive disorder (DR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.05-0.09) and panic disorder studies and the fewest occurred in MDD and ADHD trials ( Q = 32.1; df = 8; P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Meta-regression revealed no additional associated factors on DRs. Conclusion and Relevance These findings indicate that placebo treatment is associated with adverse effects that differ among psychiatric diagnoses. The main negative effect was lack of effect, with diagnostic variations corroborating findings on positive placebo response from earlier analyses. Schizophrenia had the least favorable course under placebo, while MDD demonstrated the most favorable.
Sex-Based Differences in Binge and Heavy Drinking Among US Adults
Authors: Bryant Shuey, Hefei Wen, Katie J. Suda, Alyssa Burnett, James Franklin Wharam, Timothy S. Anderson, Jane M. Liebschutz
Journal: JAMA (2025)

This cross-sectional study compares differences in binge and heavy drinking among male and female adults in recent years.
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Authors: Alba Álvarez-Abella, Andrea Núñez-Conde, Marco A. Alba
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This case report describes thickened facial skin, microstomia, hypertrichosis, loss of facial features, gum hyperpigmentation, and erythrodontia, as well as severe and destructive photodistributed scarring, with loss of nails, resorption of the distal phalanges, and joint contractures.
Periconceptional Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Use and Discontinuation
Authors: Sadiya S. Khan, William A. Grobman, Dhruv S. Kazi
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2025)

This Viewpoint describes the need for more studies on the best timing for dicontinuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists before pregnancy.
Barriers to Universal Availability of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder in US Jails
Authors: Elizabeth Flanagan Balawajder, Lori Ducharme, Bruce G. Taylor, Phoebe A. Lamuda, Marynia Kolak, Peter D. Friedmann, Harold A. Pollack, John A. Schneider
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2025)

Importance Many of the approximately 2 million people being held in US correctional facilities are experiencing an opioid use disorder (OUD). Providing medications for OUD (MOUD) to this population is, therefore, essential to curb the opioid crisis. Objective To examine the types of MOUD jails are making available, factors associated with availability, and additional supports needed for jails to address implementation challenges. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used a cross-sectional survey of jails conducted between February 2 and July 1, 2023, to explore how they administer MOUD. Publicly available county-level data were connected with the survey responses to assess how variables in the surrounding community were associated with MOUD availability. The survey was administered to jails via mail, telephone, and online survey link. Participants included jails with MOUD available that completed the survey. Exposures Urbanization, average daily population, availability of a health care professional to administer MOUD, whether the state expanded Medicaid, average drive time to MOUD in the county, county overdose rate, and county social vulnerability were assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the type of MOUD available in the jail, including buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone, or all 3 medications. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to identify the characteristics of jails and county-level factors associated with offering the medications. Results A total of 462 jails were invited to complete the survey based on responses to a previous nationally representative survey of jails, in which they indicated that MOUD was available to individuals in their facility. A total of 265 US jails with MOUD available were included in the analysis, representative of 1243 jails nationwide with MOUD available after weighting (812 jails [65.3%] provided buprenorphine, 646 jails [52.0%] provided naltrexone, 560 jails [45.0%] provided methadone, and 343 jails [27.6%] provided all 3 medications). Availability was associated with urbanicity, location in a Medicaid expansion state, county opioid overdose rate, and county social vulnerability. Common challenges included jail policies and procedures and the logistical accessibility of the medication. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this survey study of US jails demonstrate that jails with MOUD available still experience challenges with making all 3 types of medication available to anyone held within their facility. Policy, regulatory, financing, staffing, and educational solutions are needed to ensure that all detainees with OUD have access to treatment while incarcerated.
IL-5 Inhibitor Treatment in Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms
Authors: Baraa Hijaz, Vinod E. Nambudiri, Sotonye Imadojemu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2025)

This case series evaluates the safety and efficacy of IL-5 inhibition for the treatment of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.
Caplacizumab treatment in elderly patients with iTTP: Experience from the Spanish TTP Registry
Authors: Inés Gómez‐Seguí, Joan Cid, Miquel Lozano, Maria Eva Mingot‐Castellano, Cristina Pascual‐Izquierdo, Luz Maria Gonzalez del Castillo, Julia Maria Vidan Estevez, Faustino Garcia‐Candel, Moraima Jiménez Balarezo, David Valcarcel, Clara Cuellar Perez‐Avila, Maria Arraiz Ramirez, Sunil Lakhwani, Maria Gemma Moreno Jimenez, Ana Yurena Oliva Hernandez, Jose Maria Garcia Gala, Jorge Martinez Nieto, Rosa Goterris, Marta Fernández Docampo, Clara Sopeña Pell‐Ilderton, Javier de la Rubia
Journal: HemaSphere (2025)

Abstract Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) typically affects middle‐aged individuals, although it sometimes appears in older patients. Caplacizumab is approved for the treatment of iTTP, but information on the safety and efficacy of this drug in elderly patients is not available. We aimed to analyze the management and outcomes of iTTP patients registered in the Spanish TTP Registry and receiving caplacizumab at any time during the acute episode, focusing on patients ≥60 years ( n = 29) and comparing them with patients &lt;60 years ( n = 70). Severe bleeding motivated caplacizumab's initiation delay in one patient ≥60 years. Patients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy at diagnosis were more common in older patients (10% vs. 1%; p = 0.074), as well as the occurrence of bleeding motivating caplacizumab discontinuation (17% vs. 1%, respectively; p = 0.008). Caplacizumab seemed to be efficient in the treatment of iTTP in older patients, reducing refractoriness and death to 3% and exacerbation to 10%, similar to younger patients. The higher risk of bleeding in this older population warrants the need for close monitoring during treatment and to further explore the best management of thrombotic and bleeding risk.