tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social Isolation Changes and Long-Term Outcomes Among Older Adults
Authors: Chen Lyu, Katherine Siu, Ian Xu, Iman Osman, Judy Zhong
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance While the association between cross-sectional measures of social isolation and adverse health outcomes is well established, less is known about the association between changes in social isolation and health outcomes. Objective To assess changes of social isolation and mortality, physical function, cognitive function, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and stroke. Design, Setting, and Participants In a cohort design, social isolation changes in 4 years and subsequent risk of mortality and other outcomes were assessed using the 13 649 eligible Health and Retirement Study (HRS) respondents from the 2006 to 2020 waves. Data were analyzed from October 11, 2023, to April 26, 2024. Exposure The main exposure was the change in social isolation measured by the Steptoe 5-item Social Isolation Index from the initial assessment to a second assessment conducted 4 years later. Participants were classified into decreased isolation, stable, or increased isolation groups, stratified by their baseline isolation status. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were mortality, self-reported dependencies in activities of daily living, Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease–related dementia, CVD, and stroke. Dementia, CVD, and stroke were assessed using HRS-linked Medicare records. Incidence rates (IRs) of each group were estimated and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used, with inverse-probability treatment weighting to adjust for confounders. Results Among 13 649 participants (mean [SD] age at baseline, 65.3 [9.5] years; 8011 [58.7%] women) isolated at baseline, those with increased isolation had higher mortality (n = 693; IR = 68.19; 95% CI, 60.89-76.36 per 1000 person-years) than those who were stable (n = 1796; IR = 44.02; 95% CI, 40.47-47.88 person-years) or had decreased isolation (n = 2067; IR = 37.77; 95% CI, 34.73-41.09 person-years) isolation. Increased isolation was associated with higher risks of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51), disability (AHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.67), and dementia (AHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93) compared with stable isolation. Similar findings were observed among socially nonisolated participants at baseline. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, increased isolation was associated with elevated risks of mortality, disability, and dementia, irrespective of baseline isolation status. These results underscore the importance of interventions targeting the prevention of increased isolation among older adults to mitigate its adverse effects on mortality, as well as physical and cognitive function decline.
Social Vulnerability and Prevalence and Treatment for Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Robert D. Gibbons, Mark Olfson, Loren Saulsberry, Mark J. Edlund, Sahar Zangeneh, Natalie Bareis, Lydia Chwastiak, Jason B. Gibbons, Ronald C. Kessler
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Community-level social vulnerability (SV) is associated with physical illness and premature mortality. Its association with mental health (MH) and substance use disorders (SUDs) needs further study.
Physician Posttraumatic Stress Disorder During COVID-19
Authors: Mihir Kamra, Shan Dhaliwal, Wenshan Li, Shrey Acharya, Adrian Wong, Andy Zhu, Jaydev Vemulakonda, Janet Wilson, Maya Gibb, Courtney Maskerine, Edward Spilg, Peter Tanuseputro, Daniel T. Myran, Marco Solmi, Manish M. Sood
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance The COVID-19 pandemic placed many physicians in situations of increased stress and challenging resource allocation decisions. Insight into the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in physicians and its risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic will guide interventions to prevent its development. Objective To determine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine variations based on factors, such as sex, age, medical specialty, and career stage. Data Sources A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–compliant systematic review was conducted, searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychInfo, from December 2019 to November 2022. Search terms included MeSH (medical subject heading) terms and keywords associated with physicians as the population and PTSD. Study Selection Peer-reviewed published studies reporting on PTSD as a probable diagnosis via validated questionnaires or clinician diagnosis were included. The studies were reviewed by 6 reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool estimates of PTSD prevalence and calculate odds ratios (ORs) for relevant physician characteristics. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome of interest was the prevalence of PTSD in physicians, identified by standardized questionnaires. Results Fifty-seven studies with a total of 28 965 participants and 25 countries were included (of those that reported sex: 5917 of 11 239 [52.6%] were male and 5322 of 11 239 [47.4%] were female; of those that reported career stage: 4148 of 11 186 [37.1%] were medical trainees and 7038 of 11 186 [62.9%] were attending physicians). The estimated pooled prevalence of PTSD was 18.3% (95% CI, 15.2%-22.8%; I 2 = 97%). Fourteen studies (22.8%) reported sex, and it was found that female physicians were more likely to develop PTSD (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.56-2.39). Of the 10 studies (17.5%) reporting age, younger physicians reported less PTSD. Among the 13 studies (22.8%) reporting specialty, PTSD was most common among emergency department doctors. Among the 16 studies (28.1%) reporting career stage, trainees were more prone to developing PTSD than attendings (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12-1.57). Conclusions and Relevance In this meta-analysis examining PTSD during COVID-19, 18.3% of physicians reported symptoms consistent with PTSD, with a higher risk in female physicians, older physiciansy, and trainees, and with variation by specialty. Targeted interventions to support physician well-being during traumatic events like pandemics are required.
Insurance Type and Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy in Critically Injured Trauma Patients
Authors: Graeme Hoit, Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Doulia M. Hamad, Aaron Nauth, Amit Atrey, Mansur Halai, Eric Walser, Anton Nikouline, Avery B. Nathens, Amir Khoshbin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST) decisions for critically injured trauma patients are complicated and multifactorial, with potential for patients' insurance status to affect decision-making.
Noninvasive Visualization of the Atrioventricular Conduction System Using Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Mirmilad Khoshknab, Tarek Zghaib, Lingyu Xu, Timothy Markman, Constantine Mavroudis, Benoit Desjardins, Saman Nazarian
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Importance Noninvasive localization of the compact atrioventricular node and the proximal specialized conduction system (AVCS) would enhance planning for transcatheter aortic valve and complex or congenital heart disease surgical procedures. Objective To test the hypothesis that preprocedure contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CECT) can accurately localize the AVCS by identification of the fat that insulates the conductive myocardium. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a prospective cohort study that took place at an academic tertiary care center. Included in the study were patients with CECT acquired less than 1 month before atrial fibrillation ablation and electroanatomic localization of the His electrogram signal on electroanatomic mapping (EAM) between January 2022 and January 2023. Exposures Preprocedure CECT. Main Outcomes and Measures The distance from the His electrogram signal to the fat segmentation encompassing the AVCS on CECT, after registration of the images to EAM. Results Among 20 patients (mean [SD] age, 66 [10] years; 15 male [75%]) in the cohort, the mean (SD) attenuation of the AVCS fat segmentation was 2.9 (21.5) Hounsfield units. The mean (SD) distance from the His electrogram to the closest AVCS fat voxel was 3.3 (1.6) mm. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that CECT could accurately localize the fatty tissue that insulates the AVCS from surrounding atrial and ventricular myocardium and may enhance the efficacy and safety of procedures targeting the conduction system and structures in its proximity.
Reported Increase in Substance Use Following Mass Terrorism and the Role of Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Roi Eliashar, Tanya Zilberstein, Dvora Shmulewitz, Vera Skvirsky, Merav Vider, Shaul Lev-Ran
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Research has shown evidence of increased substance use (ISU) in populations affected by mass terrorism; however, less is known regarding how psychosocial factors interact to estimate ISU following such events.
The Politics of HFpEF—What’s Good for the Left Is Good for the Right
Authors: Gaurav Gulati, Sheldon E. Litwin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Standardizing Retrospective Observational Research in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shayan Cheraghlou, Mary L. Stevenson, Sean R. Christensen, Jeremy S. Bordeaux, Joanna L. Walker, Divya Srivastava, Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido, Kristin P. Bibee, Joi B. Carter, Faramarz H. Samie, Vishal A. Patel, Bryan T. Carroll, Allison T. Vidimos, Christian L. Baum, Justin J. Leitenberger, Anokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani, Emily S. Ruiz, John A. Carucci, David R. Carr, Kathryn T. Shahwan
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the second most common malignant disease in the US. Although it typically carries a good prognosis, a subset of CSCCs are highly aggressive, carrying regional and distant metastatic potential. Due to its high incidence, this aggressive subset is responsible for considerable mortality, with an overall annual mortality estimated to equal or even surpass melanoma. Despite this morbidity, CSCC is excluded from national cancer registries, making it difficult to study its epidemiology and outcomes. Therefore, the bulk of the CSCC literature is composed of single-center and multi-institutional retrospective cohort analyses. Given variations in reporting measures and analyses in these studies, interpretability between studies and the ability to pool results are limited.
A Calculator Approach to Select Neoadjuvant Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ville Sallinen, Arto Kokkola, Pauli Puolakkainen
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Favorable Response to Type 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Darier Disease
Authors: Hessah BinJadeed, Han Zhang Huang, Maxine Joly-Chevrier, Gazal Javed, Elena Netchiporouk
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case report describes 2 female patients who both presented with severe and recalcitrant Darier disease who were treated with type 2 inflammation inhibitors.
Serious Opioid Injection-Related Infection and Initiation of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Sandra A. Springer
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Simeon D. Kimmel, MD, MA; Alexander Y. Walley, MD, MSc; Laura F. White, PhD; Shapei Yan, MPH; Christine Grella, PhD; Adam Majeski, MPH; Michael D. Stein, MD; Amy Bettano, MPH; Dana Bernson, MPH; Mari-Lynn Drainoni, PHD; Jeffrey H. Samet, MD, MA, MPH; Marc R. Larochelle, MD, MPH
Stroke Risk Reduction in Atrial Fibrillation Through Pharmacist Prescribing
Authors: Roopinder K. Sandhu, Miriam Fradette, Meng Lin, Erik Youngson, Darren Lau, Tammy J. Bungard, Ross T. Tsuyuki, Lisa Dolovich, Jeff S. Healey, Finlay A. McAlister
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Major gaps in the delivery of appropriate oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) exist, leaving a large proportion of persons with atrial fibrillation (AF) unnecessarily at risk for stroke and its sequalae. Objective To investigate whether pharmacist-led OAC prescription can increase the delivery of stroke risk reduction therapy in individuals with AF. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, open-label, patient-level randomized clinical trial of early vs delayed pharmacist intervention from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2022, was performed in 27 community pharmacies in Alberta, Canada. Pharmacists identified patients 65 years or older with 1 additional stroke risk factor and known, untreated AF (OAC nonprescription or OAC suboptimal dosing) or performed screening using a 30-second single-lead electrocardiogram to detect previously unrecognized AF. Patients with undertreated or newly diagnosed AF eligible for OAC therapy were considered to have actionable AF. Data were analyzed from April 3 to November 30, 2023. Interventions In the early intervention group, pharmacists prescribed OAC using guideline-based algorithms with follow-up visits at 1 and 3 months. In the delayed intervention group, which served as the usual care control, the primary care physician (PCP) was sent a notification of actionable AF along with a medication list (both enhancement over usual care). After 3 months, patients without OAC optimization in the control group underwent delayed pharmacist intervention. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the difference in the rate of guideline-concordant OAC use in the 2 groups at 3-month follow-up ascertained by a research pharmacist blinded to treatment allocation. Results Eighty patients were enrolled with actionable AF (9 [11.3%] newly diagnosed in 235 individuals screened). The mean (SD) age was 79.7 (7.4) years, and 45 patients (56.3%) were female. The median CHADS 2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, and stroke or transient ischemic attack) score was 2 (IQR, 2-3). Seventy patients completed follow-up. Guideline-concordant OAC use at 3 months occurred in 36 of 39 patients (92.3%) in the early intervention group vs 23 of 41 (56.1%) in the control group ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001), with an absolute increase of 34% and number needed to treat of 3. Of the 23 patients who received appropriate OAC prescription in the control group, the PCP called the pharmacist for prescribing advice in 6 patients. Conclusions and Relevance This randomized clinical trial found that pharmacist OAC prescription is a potentially high-yield opportunity to effectively close gaps in the delivery of stroke risk reduction therapy for AF. Scalability and sustainability of pharmacist OAC prescription will require larger trials demonstrating effectiveness and safety. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03126214
Limitations for Assessing Optimism and Physical Functioning in Women—Reply
Authors: Hayami K. Koga, JoAnn E. Manson, Laura D. Kubzansky
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Error in Results
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Error in ResultsIn the Original Investigation titled "Comparative Outcomes of Empagliflozin to Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure," 1 published May 2, 2024, there was a typo in the Results section.The text stated that 2828 patients who received dapagliflozin experienced the composite outcome of death or hospitalization; it should have been 3828 patients.This article has been corrected. 1
New Editorial Board Members—July 2024
Authors: Melina R. Kibbe
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Risk Assessment and Prevention of Falls
Authors: Timo E. Strandberg
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gender-Based Variations in Medicare Reimbursements Among Different Surgical Subspecialties
Authors: Muhammad Musaab Munir, Mary Dillhoff, Susan Tsai, Courtney Collins, Priya Dedhia, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Gender inequities and limited representation are an obstacle to surgical workforce diversification. There has been limited examination of gender-based disparities in billing practices among surgeons.
Advancing Research in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma—Precision Management Requires Precision Data
Authors: Lee Wheless
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Exanthematous Eruption in a Patient With Known Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease and Recent Measles Vaccination
Authors: Bianca Patel, Matthew L. Hedberg, Jules B. Lipoff
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

A man in his 40s with a history of allogeneic stem cell transplant for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) presented with a generalized eruption 1 week after receiving a measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination. What is your diagnosis?