tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Understanding harms associated with gender identity conversion efforts among transgender and nonbinary individuals: The role of preexisting mental well-being
Authors: Tural Mammadli, Jarrod Call, Darren L. Whitfield, Brendon T. Holloway, N. Eugene Walls
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background: Affirmation of gender identity is critical for the mental health and overall well-being of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) persons. Gender identity conversion efforts (GICE), an outlawed practice for licensed professionals in numerous U.S. jurisdictions, have been associated with negative mental health and substance use outcomes. Limited previous literature examining GICE exposure has been criticized for failing to distinguish mental well-being for TNB persons before or after GICE. Our study builds on current literature by examining differences in TNB persons' psychosocial risk indicators based on their GICE exposure, accounting for pre-GICE mental well-being. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey (N = 25,810), the largest available national survey aimed at understanding TNB persons' experiences. Using logistic regression models, we examined how GICE exposure (disaggregated by temporal precedence of initial suicide attempts) is related to health (psychological distress, extra-medical prescription use, healthcare avoidance), socio-structural (public restroom avoidance, housing instability), and interpersonal outcomes (sexual assault, emotional and physical intimate partner violence (IPV)). Results and conclusions: Initiating a suicide attempt post-GICE or in the absence of GICE were the only consistently significant predictors of poor outcomes across all domains compared to participants who never experienced GICE or attempted suicide. Findings suggest, however, that a combination of GICE with a history of suicide attempts (pre- or post-GICE) was indicative of the highest risk across outcomes, highlighting the particularly hazardous nature of combining poor mental well-being and GICE exposures. Our study adds much-needed complexity to our understanding of how GICE exposure's role in the well-being of TNB persons may differ related to their pre-GICE mental health. Our findings add further credence to previous studies identifying harms associated with GICE exposure, regardless of pre-GICE mental well-being.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Life Expectancy at Birth, by Sex — United States, 2019–2022
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

Life expectancy, yrsTotal Male FemaleLife expectancy at birth for the U.S. population in 2022 was 77.5 years, an increase from 76.4 years in 2021.Although life expectancy rose in 2022 for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic began, it remains lower compared with prepandemic life expectancy in 2019 (78.8 years).This pattern was similar for males and females.
Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Karen M Elias, Shanchita R Khan, Eva Stadler, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Tari Turner, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
Journal: The Lancet Microbe (2024)

Surrogates of antiviral efficacy are needed for COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the virological effect of treatment and clinical efficacy as measured by progression to severe disease in outpatients treated for mild-to-moderate COVID-19.
Genetics and Genomics of Pulmonary Fibrosis: Charting the Molecular Landscape and Shaping Precision Medicine
Authors: Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Jonathan A. Kropski, Juergen Behr, Timothy S. Blackwell, Tamera J. Corte, Vincent Cottin, Allan R. Glanville, Marilyn K. Glassberg, Matthias Griese, Gary M. Hunninghake, Kerri A. Johannson, Michael P. Keane, John S. Kim, Martin Kolb, Toby M. Maher, Justin M. Oldham, Anna J. Podolanczuk, Ivan O. Rosas, Fernando J. Martinez, Imre Noth, David A. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Recent genetic and genomic advancements have elucidated the complex etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), emphasizing the contribution of heritable factors. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes evidence on significant genetic contributors to pulmonary fibrosis (PF), including rare genetic variants and common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The MUC5B promoter variant is unusual, a common SNP that markedly elevates the risk of early and established PF. We address the utility of genetic variation in enhancing understanding of disease pathogenesis, clinical phenotypes, improving disease definitions, and informing prognosis and treatment response. Critical research gaps are highlighted, particularly the underrepresentation of non-European ancestries in PF genetic studies and the exploration of PF phenotypes beyond usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/IPF. We discuss the role of telomere length, often critically short in PF, and its link to progression and mortality, underscoring the genetic complexity involving telomere biology genes (TERT, TERC) and others like SFTPC and MUC5B. Additionally, we address the potential of gene-by-environment interactions to modulate disease manifestation, advocating for precision medicine in PF. Insights from gene expression profiling studies and multi-omic analyses highlight the promise for understanding disease pathogenesis and offer new approaches to clinical care, therapeutic drug development, and biomarker discovery. Finally, we discuss the ethical, legal, and social implications of genomic research and therapies in PF, stressing the need for sound practices and informed clinical genetic discussions. Looking forward, we advocate for comprehensive genetic testing panels and polygenic risk scores to improve the management of PF and related ILDs across diverse populations.
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol. 71, No. 19
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

In report, "Notes from the Field: Trends in Gabapentin Detection and Involvement in Drug Overdose Deaths -23 States and the District of Columbia, 2019-2020," on page 664, in the fifth paragraph, the first sentence should have read, "The percentage of deaths with gabapentin detected that were opioid-involved remained consistently high, ranging from 85% to 90%."
Surveillance To Track Progress Toward Polio Eradication — Worldwide, 2022–2023
Authors: Nishant Kishore, Elizabeth Krow-Lucal, Ousmane M. Diop, Jaume Jorba, Tigran Avagnan, Varja Grabovac, Anfumbom K.W. Kfutwah, Ticha Johnson, Sudhir Joshi, Lucky Sangal, Salmaan Sharif, Ashraf Wahdan, Graham F. Tallis, Stephanie D. Kovacs
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

The reliable and timely detection of poliovirus cases through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), supplemented by environmental surveillance of sewage samples, is a critical component of the polio eradication program.Since 1988, the number of polio cases caused by wild poliovirus (WPV) has declined by >99.9%, and eradication of WPV serotypes 2 and 3 has been certified; only serotype 1 (WPV1) continues to circulate, and transmission remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan.This surveillance update evaluated indicators from AFP surveillance, environmental surveillance for polioviruses, and Global Polio Laboratory Network performance data provided by 28 priority countries for the program during 2022-2023.No WPV1 cases have been detected outside of Afghanistan and Pakistan since August 2022, when an importation into Malawi and Mozambique resulted in an outbreak during 2021-2022.During 2022-2023, among 28 priority countries, 20 (71.4%) met national AFP surveillance indicator targets, and the number of environmental surveillance sites increased.However, low national rates of reported AFP cases in priority countries in 2023 might have resulted from surveillance reporting lags; substantial national and subnational AFP surveillance gaps persist.Maintaining high-quality surveillance is critical to achieving the goal of global polio eradication.Monitoring surveillance indicators is important to identifying gaps and guiding surveillance-strengthening activities, particularly in countries at high risk for poliovirus circulation.
Detection of dengue in German tourists returning from Ibiza, Spain, related to an autochthonous outbreak, August to October 2022
Authors: Lucía García-San-Miguel, Jaume Giménez-Durán, Gabriela Saravia-Campelli, María Cruz Calvo-Reyes, Beatriz Fernández-Martínez, Christina Frank, Hendrik Wilking, Ramón García Janer, Miguel Ángel Miranda, Esteban Aznar Cano, Mª José Sierra Moros, Antonio Nicolau Riutort
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

In February 2023, German public health authorities reported two dengue cases (one confirmed, one probable) and four possible cases who travelled to Ibiza, Spain, in late summer/autumn 2022; the infection was probably acquired through mosquito bites. Case 1 visited Ibiza over 1 week in late August with two familial companions; all three developed symptoms the day after returning home. Only Case 1 was tested; dengue virus (DENV) infection was confirmed by presence of NS1 antigen and IgM antibodies. Case 2 travelled to Ibiza with two familial companions for 1 week in early October, and stayed in the same town as Case 1. Case 2 showed symptoms on the day of return, and the familial companions 1 day before and 3 days after return; Case 2 tested positive for DENV IgM. The most probable source case had symptom onset in mid-August, and travelled to a dengue-endemic country prior to a stay in the same municipality of Ibiza for 20 days, until the end of August. Dengue diagnosis was probable based on positive DENV IgM. Aedes albopictus , a competent vector for dengue, has been present in Ibiza since 2014. This is the first report of a local dengue transmission event on Ibiza.
Pulmonary Ionocytes Regulate Airway Surface Liquid pH in Primary Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Xiaojie Luan, Nicolas Henao Romero, Veronica A. Campanucci, Yen Le, Jannatul Mustofa, Julian S. Tam, Juan P. Ianowski
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Pulmonary ionocytes are a newly discovered airway epithelial cell type proposed to be a major contributor to cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease based on observations they express the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel at a higher level than any other cell type in the airway epithelia. Moreover, genetically manipulated experimental models that lack ionocytes develop NaCl transport abnormalities and airway surface liquid (ASL) dehydration consistent with CF. However, no direct evidence indicates ionocytes engage in NaCl transport or contribute to ASL formation, questioning the relevance of ionocytes to CF lung disease.
Update on Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Surveillance Guidelines for Childhood Brain Tumors
Authors: Jordan R. Hansford, Anirban Das, Rose B. McGee, Yoshiko Nakano, Jack Brzezinski, Sarah R. Scollon, Surya P. Rednam, Jaclyn Schienda, Orli Michaeli, Sun Young Kim, Mary-Louise C. Greer, Rosanna Weksberg, Douglas R. Stewart, William D. Foulkes, Uri Tabori, Kristian W. Pajtler, Stefan M. Pfister, Garrett M. Brodeur, Junne Kamihara
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2024)

Abstract Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) comprise the second most common group of neoplasms in childhood. The incidence of germline predisposition among children with brain tumors continues to grow as our knowledge on disease etiology increases. Some children with brain tumors may present with nonmalignant phenotypic features of specific syndromes (e.g., nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 and type 2, DICER1 syndrome, and constitutional mismatch-repair deficiency), while others may present with a strong family history of cancer (e.g., Li–Fraumeni syndrome) or with a rare tumor commonly found in the context of germline predisposition (e.g., rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome). Approximately 50% of patients with a brain tumor may be the first in a family identified to have a predisposition. The past decade has witnessed a rapid expansion in our molecular understanding of CNS tumors. A significant proportion of CNS tumors are now well characterized and known to harbor specific genetic changes that can be found in the germline. Additional novel predisposition syndromes are also being described. Identification of these germline syndromes in individual patients has not only enabled cascade testing of family members and early tumor surveillance but also increasingly affected cancer management in those patients. Therefore, the AACR Cancer Predisposition Working Group chose to highlight these advances in CNS tumor predisposition and summarize and/or generate surveillance recommendations for established and more recently emerging pediatric brain tumor predisposition syndromes.
Mutant IDH inhibitors induce lineage differentiation in IDH-mutant oligodendroglioma
Authors: Avishay Spitzer, Simon Gritsch, Masashi Nomura, Alexander Jucht, Jerome Fortin, Ramya Raviram, Hannah R. Weisman, L. Nicolas Gonzalez Castro, Nicholas Druck, Rony Chanoch-Myers, John J.Y. Lee, Ravindra Mylvaganam, Rachel Lee Servis, Jeremy Man Fung, Christine K. Lee, Hiroaki Nagashima, Julie J. Miller, Isabel Arrillaga-Romany, David N. Louis, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Will Pisano, Patrick Y. Wen, Tak W. Mak, Marc Sanson, Mehdi Touat, Dan A. Landau, Keith L. Ligon, Daniel P. Cahill, Mario L. Suvà, Itay Tirosh
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)

A subset of patients with IDH-mutant glioma respond to inhibitors of mutant IDH (IDHi), yet the molecular underpinnings of such responses are not understood. Here, we profiled by single-cell or single-nucleus RNA-sequencing three IDH-mutant oligodendrogliomas from patients who derived clinical benefit from IDHi. Importantly, the tissues were sampled on-drug, four weeks from treatment initiation. We further integrate our findings with analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomes from independent cohorts and experimental models. We find that IDHi treatment induces a robust differentiation toward the astrocytic lineage, accompanied by a depletion of stem-like cells and a reduction of cell proliferation. Furthermore, mutations in NOTCH1 are associated with decreased astrocytic differentiation and may limit the response to IDHi. Our study highlights the differentiating potential of IDHi on the cellular hierarchies that drive oligodendrogliomas and suggests a genetic modifier that may improve patient stratification.
Outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter farmeri in an intensive care haematology department linked to a persistent wastewater reservoir in one hospital room, France, 2019 to 2022
Authors: Marie Regad, Julie Lizon, Corentine Alauzet, Gabrielle Roth-Guepin, Caroline Bonmati, Simona Pagliuca, Alain Lozniewski, Arnaud Florentin
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

In 2019–2022, a prolonged outbreak of oxacillinase (OXA)-48-producing Citrobacter farmeri due to a persistent environmental contamination, occurred in our haematology intensive care unit. In April 2019, we isolated OXA-48-producing C. farmeri from rectal samples of two patients in weekly screenings. The cases had stayed in the same hospital room but 4 months apart. We screened five patients who had stayed in this room between the two cases and identified a third case. Over the following 3 years, five other cases were detected, the last case in September 2022. In total, eight cases were detected: seven colonised with the bacterium and one infected with a lethal outcome. All cases stayed in the same hospital room. We detected OXA-48-producing C. farmeri from a shower, washbasin drains and wastewater drainage of the bathroom of the hospital room. Molecular typing confirmed that all C. farmeri isolates from the environment and the cases were indistinguishable. Despite bundle measures to control the outbreak, the bacterium persisted in the system, which resulted in transmission to new patients. A design defect in the placement of wastewater drains contributed to the persistence and proliferation of the bacterium. The room was closed after the last case and the bathroom rebuilt.
TENDINopathy Severity assessment–Achilles (TENDINS-A): evaluation of reliability and validity in accordance with COSMIN recommendations
Authors: Myles Calder Murphy, Fergus McCleary, Dana Hince, Ruth Chimenti, Paola Chivers, J Turner Vosseller, Sophia Nimphius, Nonhlanhla Sharon Mkumbuzi, Peter Malliaras, Nicola Maffulli, Robert-Jan de Vos, Ebonie Kendra Rio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2024)

To evaluate the construct validity (structural validity and hypothesis testing), reliability (test-retest reliability, measurement error and internal consistency) and minimal important change (MIC) of the 13-item TENDINopathy Severity assessment-Achilles (TENDINS-A).
Arsenic Exposure-Related Hypertension in Bangladesh and Reduced Circulating Nitric Oxide Bioavailability
Authors: Moriom Khatun, Nazmul Haque, Abu Eabrahim Siddique, Abdus S. Wahed, Md. Shofikul Islam, Shuchismita Khan, Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar, Junayed Sadi, Ehsanul Kabir, Tasnim Tabassum Shila, Zohurul Islam, Md. Khalequzzaman Sarker, Hasan Ul Banna, Shakhawoat Hossain, Daigo Sumi, Zahangir Alam Saud, Aaron Barchowsky, Seiichiro Himeno, Khaled Hossain
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Hypertension is a major cause of death worldwide. Although arsenic exposure has been associated with the risk of hypertension, this association appears nonuniform due to inconsistent results from studies conducted in different populations. Moreover, hypertension is a complex condition with multiple underlying mechanisms and factors. One factor is impaired production and bioavailability of vascular nitric oxide (NO). However, the implications of the effects of arsenic exposure on circulating NO and its association with hypertension in humans are largely unknown.
A new bill could legalise assisted dying in Scotland
Authors: Charles Warlow
Journal: BMJ (2024)

In 2009, my old friend from medical school, Ann McPherson, wrote a powerful personal view in The BMJ in support of assisted dying when she herself was dying of pancreatic cancer. 1 Despite receiving the best palliative care that Oxford could offer, this well respected GP had a horrible and lingering death, later described in another personal view by her daughter Tess, a consultant dermatologist, who despaired that: "It is an honour to care for someone you love, but it no longer felt honourable to try to care for someone who wanted to be dead."
Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells
Authors: Manuel Albanese, Hong-Ru Chen, Madeleine Gapp, Maximilian Muenchhoff, Hsiu-Hui Yang, David Peterhoff, Katja Hoffmann, Qianhao Xiao, Adrian Ruhle, Ina Ambiel, Stephanie Schneider, Ernesto Mejías-Pérez, Marcel Stern, Paul R. Wratil, Katharina Hofmann, Laura Amann, Linda Jocham, Thimo Fuchs, Alessandro F. Ulivi, Simon Besson-Girard, Simon Weidlich, Jochen Schneider, Christoph D. Spinner, Kathrin Sutter, Ulf Dittmer, Andreas Humpe, Philipp Baumeister, Andreas Wieser, Simon Rothenfusser, Johannes Bogner, Julia Roider, Percy Knolle, Hartmut Hengel, Ralf Wagner, Vibor Laketa, Oliver T. Fackler, Oliver T. Keppler
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.
Tumor cell-intrinsic epigenetic dysregulation shapes cancer-associated fibroblasts heterogeneity to metabolically support pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ningning Niu, Xuqing Shen, Zheng Wang, Yueyue Chen, Yawen Weng, Feier Yu, Yingying Tang, Ping Lu, Mingzhu Liu, Liwei Wang, Yongwei Sun, Minwei Yang, Baiyong Shen, Jiabin Jin, Zipeng Lu, Kuirong Jiang, Yufeng Shi, Jing Xue
Journal: Cancer Cell (2024)
The approach to developing Ireland’s first national health protection strategy and lessons learnt, December 2021 to October 2022
Authors: Ciara Kelly, Joan Gallagher, Lola Odewumi, Robert Conway, Mary E Black, Kristin Concannon, Louise Marron, Lorraine Doherty
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of strengthening health protection worldwide. To address this as a public health priority in Ireland, between December 2021 and October 2022 the first national Health Protection Strategy (2022–2027) for the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) was developed. We describe the approach taken to develop a first national health protection strategy for Ireland, and highlight the key lessons learned. Key steps in strategy formation included detailed stakeholder analysis, exploration of the context for the strategy and development of a comprehensive consultation plan. Two stakeholder consultation workshops were held. The first focused on defining strategic vision, aim and objectives, the second verified objectives and identified enablers. A subsequent e-consultation invited feedback from wider stakeholders. The published strategy outlines 10 strategic objectives and 11 enablers. Key lessons identified from the strategy development process include the importance of clear leadership and oversight, the value of identifying the context for change, ensuring adequate consultation planning, taking a multidisciplinary approach with strong stakeholder engagement and the need to maintain a strategic perspective. Lessons from our experience can support colleagues internationally to strategically set out their priorities for health protection beyond COVID-19.
Pertussis epidemic in Denmark, August 2023 to February 2024
Authors: Anne Christine Nordholm, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Sarah Kristine Nørgaard, Ulrikka Nygaard, Aoife Ronayne, Lise Birk Nielsen, Bolette Søborg, Peter H Andersen, Tine Dalby
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2024)

We report a record high pertussis epidemic in Denmark since August 2023. Highest incidence was in adolescents, while peak incidence in infants was lower vs previous epidemics in 2019 and 2016. Among infants aged 0–2 months, over half (29/48) were hospitalised and one infant died, underlining the disease severity in the youngest. To protect infants, pertussis vaccination in pregnant women was introduced in January 2024 in the national vaccination programme. Improved vaccination surveillance in pregnant women is being implemented.
Engineering Nanozymes for Tumor Therapy via Ferroptosis Self‐Amplification
Authors: Shuyu Liu, Yi Wei, Yuan Liang, Pengye Du, Pengpeng Lei, Duo Yu, Hongjie Zhang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Ferroptosis induction is an emerging strategy for tumor therapy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce ferroptosis but are easily consumed by overexpressed glutathione (GSH) in tumor cells. Therefore, achieving a large amount of ROS production in tumor cells without being consumed is key to efficiently inducing ferroptosis. In this study, a self-amplifying ferroptosis-inducing therapeutic agent, Pd@CeO