tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Roopal Desai, Anastasia Tsipa, Caroline Fearn, Céline El Baou, Emilie V. Brotherhood, Georgina Charlesworth, Sebastian J. Crutch, Katie Flanagan, Amy Kerti, Suman Kurana, Radvile Medeisyte, Eleanor Nuzum, Tom G. Osborn, Alberto Salmoiraghi, Joshua Stott, Amber John
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2024)

Dementia is a global health concern with increasing numbers of people living long enough to develop dementia. People with dementia (PwD) may be particularly vulnerable to suicidality. However, suicide in PwD has not been thoroughly explored. The objective of this review was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of suicide in PwD. Five databases were searched from inception to July 2023. Peer-reviewed publications reporting prevalence, risk factors or quantitative summary data for suicide outcomes in PwD were included. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence and effect sizes. 54 studies met inclusion criteria. In PwD, the point prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10 % (95 %CI=6 %;16 %), 2-year period prevalence of suicide attempts was 0.8 % (95 %CI=0.3 %;2 %), 10-year period prevalence of suicide attempts was 8.7 % (95 %CI=6.0 %%;12.7 %) and the incidence of death by suicide 0.1 % (95 %CI=0.1 %;0.2 %). Compared to not having dementia, a diagnosis of dementia increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=1.62[95 %CI=1.17;2.24]) but not risk of suicide attempt (OR=1.77 [95 %CI=0.85;3.69]) or death by suicide (OR=1.30 [95 %CI=0.81;2.10]). People with moderate dementia had significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation than those with mild dementia (OR=1.59[95 %CI=1.11;2.28]), younger PwD were at increased risk of dying by suicide (OR=2.82[95 %CI=2.16;3.68]) and men with dementia were more likely to attempt (OR=1.28[95 %CI=1.25;1.31]) and die by suicide (OR=2.88[95 %CI=1.54;5.39]) than women with dementia. This review emphasises the need for mental health support and suicide prevention in dementia care, emphasising tailored approaches based on age, symptoms, and being male.
POS0955 PROTEOMIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TREATMENT NAÏVE AND ESTABLISHED ACTIVE PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS: DISENTANGLING PATIENT, DISEASE AND TREATMENT EFFECTS
Authors: M. Bentvelzen, S. El Bouhaddani, S. C. Mastbergen, J. Spierings, H. E. Vonkeman, S. C. Mooij, L. G. Schipper, A. Herman, F. Lafeber, H. W. Uh, P. M. J. Welsing
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2024)
Author Correction: Selenium–GPX4 axis protects follicular helper T cells from ferroptosis
Authors: Yin Yao, Zhian Chen, Hao Zhang, Cailing Chen, Ming Zeng, Joseph Yunis, Yunbo Wei, Yanmin Wan, Naiqi Wang, Mingzhe Zhou, Chao Qiu, Qunxiong Zeng, Hong Sheng Ong, Hao Wang, Fadzai Victor Makota, Yang Yang, Zhaohui Yang, Nan Wang, Jun Deng, Chao Shen, Yan Xia, Lin Yuan, Zhaoqin Lian, Yike Deng, Cuilian Guo, Ao Huang, Pengcheng Zhou, Haibo Shi, Weitian Zhang, Hongliang Yi, Dongmei Li, Ming Xia, Jing Fu, Ning Wu, Judy B. de Haan, Nan Shen, Wenhong Zhang, Zheng Liu, Di Yu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2024)
A glia-enriched stem cell 3D model of the human brain mimics the glial-immune neurodegenerative phenotypes of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Francesca Fagiani, Edoardo Pedrini, Stefano Taverna, Elena Brambilla, Valentina Murtaj, Paola Podini, Francesca Ruffini, Erica Butti, Clarissa Braccia, Annapaola Andolfo, Roberta Magliozzi, Lena Smirnova, Tanja Kuhlmann, Angelo Quattrini, Peter A. Calabresi, Daniel S. Reich, Gianvito Martino, Paola Panina-Bordignon, Martina Absinta
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

The role of central nervous system (CNS) glia in sustaining self-autonomous inflammation and driving clinical progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is gaining scientific interest. We applied a single transcription factor (SOX10)-based protocol to accelerate oligodendrocyte differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural precursor cells, generating self-organizing forebrain organoids. These organoids include neurons, astrocytes, oligodendroglia, and hiPSC-derived microglia to achieve immunocompetence. Over 8 weeks, organoids reproducibly generated mature CNS cell types, exhibiting single-cell transcriptional profiles similar to the adult human brain. Exposed to inflamed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with MS, organoids properly mimic macroglia-microglia neurodegenerative phenotypes and intercellular communication seen in chronic active MS. Oligodendrocyte vulnerability emerged by day 6 post-MS-CSF exposure, with nearly 50% reduction. Temporally resolved organoid data support and expand on the role of soluble CSF mediators in sustaining downstream events leading to oligodendrocyte death and inflammatory neurodegeneration. Such findings support the implementation of this organoid model for drug screening to halt inflammatory neurodegeneration.
Antisense oligonucleotides enhance SLC20A2 expression and suppress brain calcification in a humanized mouse model
Authors: Miao Zhao, Xuewen Cheng, Lei Chen, Yi-Heng Zeng, Kai-Jun Lin, Yun-Lu Li, Ze-Hong Zheng, Xue-Jing Huang, Dan-Dan Zuo, Xin-Xin Guo, Jun Guo, Dian He, Ying Liu, Yu Lin, Chong Wang, Wen-Qi Lv, Hui-Zhen Su, Xiang-Ping Yao, Zi-Ling Ye, Xiao-Hong Chen, Ying-Qian Lu, Chen-Wei Huang, Guang Yang, Yu-Xian Zhang, Min-Ting Lin, Ning Wang, Zhi-Qi Xiong, Wan-Jin Chen
Journal: Neuron (2024)
Cortical Layer-Dependent Signaling in Cognition: Three Computational Modes of the Canonical Circuit
Authors: Yasushi Miyashita
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2024)

The cerebral cortex performs computations via numerous six-layer modules. The operational dynamics of these modules were studied primarily in early sensory cortices using bottom-up computation for response selectivity as a model, which has been recently revolutionized by genetic approaches in mice. However, cognitive processes such as recall and imagery require top-down generative computation. The question of whether the layered module operates similarly in top-down generative processing as in bottom-up sensory processing has become testable by advances in the layer identification of recorded neurons in behaving monkeys. This review examines recent advances in laminar signaling in these two computations, using predictive coding computation as a common reference, and shows that each of these computations recruits distinct laminar circuits, particularly in layer 5, depending on the cognitive demands. These findings highlight many open questions, including how different interareal feedback pathways, originating from and terminating at different layers, convey distinct functional signals.
Traumatic Brain Injury, Seizures, and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults
Authors: Yiqi Zhu, Jonathan Williams, Kebede Beyene, Jean-Francois Trani, Ganesh M. Babulal
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), seizures, and dementia increase with age. There is a gap in understanding the associations of TBI, seizures, and medications such as antiseizure and antipsychotics with the progression of cognitive impairment across racial and ethnic groups.
Relapse Patterns in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Based on Molecular Classification
Authors: Giorgio Bogani, Francesco Raspagliesi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Contemporary Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Sangeetha Venugopal, Mikkael A. Sekeres
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematopoietic cancer that disrupts normal hematopoiesis, ultimately leading to bone marrow failure and death. The annual incidence rate of AML is 4.1 per 100 000 people in the US and is higher in patients older than 65 years. Acute myeloid leukemia includes numerous subgroups with heterogeneous molecular profiles, treatment response, and prognosis. This review discusses the evidence supporting frontline therapies in AML, the major principles that guide therapy, and progress with molecularly targeted therapy.
Phenotypic and Functional Outcomes in Macrophages Exposed to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Organophosphate Esters <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Braeden H. Giles, Nikola Kukolj, Koren K. Mann, Bernard Robaire
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2024)

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are flame retardants and plasticizers used in consumer products. OPEs are found ubiquitously throughout the environment with high concentrations in indoor house dust. Exposure to individual OPEs is associated with immune dysfunction, particularly in macrophages. However, OPEs exist as complex mixtures and the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures on the immune system have not been investigated.
Transcriptional and epigenetic characterization of a new in vitro platform to model the formation of human pharyngeal endoderm
Authors: Andrea Cipriano, Alessio Colantoni, Alessandro Calicchio, Jonathan Fiorentino, Danielle Gomes, Mahdi Moqri, Alexander Parker, Sajede Rasouli, Matthew Caldwell, Francesca Briganti, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Antonio Baldini, Katja G. Weinacht, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Vittorio Sebastiano
Journal: Genome biology (2024)

The Pharyngeal Endoderm (PE) is an extremely relevant developmental tissue, serving as the progenitor for the esophagus, parathyroids, thyroids, lungs, and thymus. While several studies have highlighted the importance of PE cells, a detailed transcriptional and epigenetic characterization of this important developmental stage is still missing, especially in humans, due to technical and ethical constraints pertaining to its early formation.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Susceptibility to<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Infection in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Boxi Lin, Jiafen Gong, Katherine Keenan, Fan Lin, Yu-chung Lin, Julie Mésinèle, Claire Calmel, Badreddine Mohand Oumoussa, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Loïc Guillot, Harriet Corvol, Valerie Waters, Lei Sun, Lisa J. Strug
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen that contributes to progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). Genetic factors other than CF-causing CFTR (CF transmembrane conductance regulator) variations contribute ∼85% of the variation in chronic P. aeruginosa infection age in CF according to twin studies, but the susceptibility loci remain unknown. Our objective is to advance understanding of the genetic basis of host susceptibility to P. aeruginosa infection. Materials and methods We conducted a genome-wide association study of chronic P. aeruginosa infection age in 1037 Canadians with CF. We subsequently assessed the genetic correlation between chronic P. aeruginosa infection age and lung function through polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis and inferred their causal relationship through bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis. Results Two novel genome-wide significant loci with lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs62369766 (chr5p12; p=1.98×10 −8 ) and rs927553 (chr13q12.12; p=1.91×10 −8 ) were associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infection age. The rs62369766 locus was validated using an independent French cohort (n=501). Furthermore, the PRS constructed from CF lung function-associated SNPs was significantly associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infection age (p=0.002). Finally, our analysis presented evidence for a causal effect of lung function on chronic P. aeruginosa infection age (β=0.782 years, p=4.24×10 −4 ). In the reverse direction, we observed a moderate effect (β=0.002, p=0.012). Conclusions We identified two novel loci that are associated with chronic P. aeruginosa infection age in individuals with CF. Additionally, we provided evidence of common genetic contributors and a potential causal relationship between P. aeruginosa infection susceptibility and lung function in CF. Therapeutics targeting these genetic factors may delay the onset of chronic infections, which account for significant remaining morbidity in CF.
Caring for dying patients in the community
Authors: Rebecca Holdsworth, Grace Rowley, Emma Farrington
Journal: BMJ (2024)

### What you need to know Effective recognition, communication, and management of patients who are dying can greatly benefit patients' quality of life and bring comfort to their loved ones at this important stage. In the UK, the number of people dying at home is increasing year on year.1 In 2022, almost half of those who died did so either at home or in a care home.2 This article provides practical advice about communicating and planning care at the end of life for patients and families in the community. Box 1 provides key definitions of terms used. Box 1 ### Terms used in the care of dying patients #### Palliative care Palliative care provides relief from pain and other distressing symptoms experienced by people with advanced, progressive illness. Such management aims to support people with active holistic care until death, and help their families to cope with the illness and bereavement34 #### End of life The General Medical Council defines end of life in the context of patients who are likely to die within the next 12 months.5 In practice, dying and end of life can be used synonymously, which potentially causes confusion and problems for patients and professionals #### Dying Care of patients in the last days and hours of life should include, but is not limited to, the following areas6: quality of life, physical symptoms, emotional and cognitive symptoms, advance care planning, functional status, spirituality, grief and bereavement, satisfaction, quality of care, and carers' wellbeing … RETURN TO TEXT
Premalignant Progression in the Lung: Knowledge Gaps and Novel Opportunities for Interception of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement
Authors: Seyed Javad Moghaddam, Society Document, Rajkumar Savai, Ramin Salehi-Rad, Shreoshi Sengupta, Michael N. Kammer, Pierre Massion, Jennifer E. Beane, Edwin J Ostrin, Carmen Priolo, Meredith A. Tennis, Laura P. Stabile, Alison K. Bauer, Catherine R Sears, Eva Szabo, M. Patricia Rivera, Charles A Powell, Humam Kadara, Brendan J. Jenkins, Steven M. Dubinett, A. McGarry Houghton, Carla F Kim, Robert L Keith
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2024)

Despite significant advances in precision treatments and immunotherapy, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. To reduce incidence and improve survival rates, a deeper understanding of lung premalignancy and the multistep process of tumorigenesis is essential, allowing timely and effective intervention before cancer development.
Salivary polyreactive antibodies and<b><i>Haemophilus influenzae</i></b>are associated with respiratory infection severity in young children with recurrent respiratory infections
Authors: Mischa H. Koenen, Wouter A.A. de Steenhuijsen Piters, Marien I. de Jonge, Jeroen D. Langereis, Stefan Nierkens, Mei Ling J.N. Chu, Roosmarijn van der Woude, Robert P. de Vries, Elisabeth A.M. Sanders, Debby Bogaert, Erhard van der Vries, Marianne Boes, Lilly M. Verhagen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2024)

Background Recurrent respiratory tract infections (rRTIs) are a common reason for immunodiagnostic testing in children, which relies on serum antibody level measurements. However, because RTIs predominantly affect the respiratory mucosa, serum antibodies may inaccurately reflect local immune defences. We investigated antibody responses in saliva and their interplay with the respiratory microbiota in relation to RTI severity and burden in young children with rRTIs. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study including 100 children aged &lt;10 years with rRTIs, their family members and healthy healthcare professionals. Total and polyreactive antibody concentrations were determined in serum and saliva (ELISA); respiratory microbiota composition (16S rRNA sequencing) and respiratory viruses (quantitative PCR) were characterised in nasopharyngeal swabs. Proteomic analysis (Olink) was performed on saliva and serum samples. RTI symptoms were monitored with a daily mobile phone application and assessed using latent class analysis and negative binomial mixed models. Results Serum antibody levels were not associated with RTI severity. Strikingly, 28% of salivary antibodies and only 2% of serum antibodies displayed polyreactivity (p&lt;0.001). Salivary polyreactive IgA was negatively associated with recurrent lower RTIs (adjusted OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.94) and detection of multiple respiratory viruses (adjusted OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.96). Haemophilus influenzae abundance was positively associated with RTI symptom burden (regression coefficient 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.08). Conclusion These results highlight the importance of mucosal immunity in RTI severity and burden, and suggest that the level of salivary polyreactive IgA and H. influenzae abundance may serve as indicators of infection severity and burden in young children with rRTIs.
Ancestry-, Sex-, and Age-Based Differences of Gene Alterations in NSCLC: From the Real-World Data of Cancer Genomic Profiling Tests
Authors: Keita Miura, Takehito Shukuya, Ray Greenstein, Ben Kaplan, Heather Wakelee, Kana Kurokawa, Kazuyuki Furuta, Shunsuke Kato, Junghee Suh, Smruthy Sivakumar, Ethan S. Sokol, David P. Carbone, Kazuhisa Takahashi
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2024)

Background: Some genomic alterations in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are known to differ according to race, sex, or age. These studies have been limited in sample size and thus they cannot detect the differences precisely and comprehensively. Methods: Tissue-based comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on 75,362 patients with NSCLC from the United States during routine clinical care. Additionally, we examined data of a Japanese NSCLC cohort with 1,019 patients. In the US cohort, 296 genes were examined for pathogenic alterations. Predominant genetic ancestry was inferred using a SNP-based approach, and patients were categorized into European (EUR), African (AFR), East Asian (EAS), Admixed American (AMR), and South Asian (SAS) ancestry groups. Patients were additionally stratified by histologic type, age (&lt;40/≥40 years, &lt;75/≥75 years), and sex. The prevalence of high tumor mutational burden (TMB-High) and microsatellite instability status was also calculated. Results: Stratified by ancestry, EGFR alterations were significantly enriched in EAS versus other ancestry groups. The prevalence of ALK was significantly higher in the AMR, EAS, and SAS patients than in AFR and EUR patients. KRAS and STK11 were enriched in EUR and AFR patients versus other groups. TMB-High was significantly enriched in AFR patients versus all other groups. An analysis based on sex revealed differences in prevalence of alterations in 80 genes and TMB-High status. For example, EGFR , ALK , BRAF , and KRAS alterations were significantly enriched in females, whereas TP53 , STK11 , KEAP1 , and TMB-High were significantly enriched in males. With respect to age, the prevalence of alterations in 41 genes, including ALK , RET , MET , EGFR , STK11 , KEAP1 , BRAF , and KRAS , as well as TMB-High, were significantly different between patients aged &lt;40 years and those aged ≥40 years. Conclusions: Comprehensive analysis from a large real-world dataset revealed ancestry-associated differences in genomic alterations in NSCLC. Age- and sex-related differences in prevalence of genomic alterations and TMB-High status were also observed.
Pharmacogenetic Variants and Plasma Concentrations of Antiseizure Drugs
Authors: Filip Milosavljević, Marina Manojlović, Lena Matković, Espen Molden, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg, Stefan Leucht, Marin M. Jukić
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Precise estimation of a patient's drug metabolism capacity is important for antiseizure dose personalization.
Relapse Patterns in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer Based on Molecular Classification—Reply
Authors: Otilia Ciobanu, Yixuan He, David C. Qian
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The potential burden of overinvestigation
Authors: Juliet Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2024)

The potential burden of overinvestigation Juliet Dobson managing editorWhy is the NHS currently involved in a £150m trial of the Galleri blood test?The test can detect more than 50 types of cancer, says Grail-the US based biotechnology company that makes it-and could help diagnose cancers at an earlier stage.But an investigation by The BMJ raises concerns that evidence is insufficient to justify its use as a screening tool (
Review of Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Authors: Virginia Y. Watkins, Sarah K. Dotters-Katz, Jeffrey A. Kuller
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal