tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of immune-inflammation targets for intracranial aneurysms: A multiomics and epigenome-wide study integrating summary-data-based mendelian randomization, single-cell-type expression analysis, and DNA methylation regulation
Authors: Peng-Wei Lin, Zhen-Rong Lin, Wei-Wei Wang, Ai-Shun Guo, Yu-Xiang Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Dysfunction of the immune system and inflammation plays a vital role in developing intracranial aneurysms (IAs). However, the progress of genetic pathophysiology is complicated and not entirely elaborated. This study aimed to explore the genetic associations of immune- and inflammation-related genes (IIRGs) with IAs and their subtypes using Mendelian randomization, colocalization test, and integrated multiomics functional analysis.
ChatGPT can assist physicians in managing Parkinson’s disease and resolving DBS hesitancy
Authors: Hongjin Wang, Dan Shan, Yujiao Wu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China bDepartment of Biobehavioral Sciences, Columbia University, USA cDepartment of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, China Dan Shan and Yujiao Wu: These authors contributed equally and shared the correspondence author Not applicable Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article. Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding authors. Address: Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Third People's Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China. E-mail: [email protected] (Y. Wu); Centre For Ageing Research, Lancaster University,UK. Tel.: +353 083 093 577 3. E-mail: [email protected] (D. Shan). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Progress Toward Elimination of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus — Region of the Americas, 2012–2022
Authors: Mary M. Alleman, Leandro Soares Sereno, Alvaro Whittembury, Xi Li, Marcela Contreras, Carmelita Pacis-Tirso, Martha Velandia Gonzalez, Karen Broome, Sandra Jones, Daniel Salas, Monica Alonso, Rania A. Tohme, Annemarie Wasley
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2024)

In 2022, an estimated 5 million persons in the World Health Organization Region of the Americas (AMR) were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis worldwide. Most chronic infections are acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) or horizontal transmission during childhood and are preventable with hepatitis B vaccination, including a birth dose (HepB-BD), followed by 2-3 additional doses (HepB3) in infancy. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Elimination of MTCT of HBV infection strategy is intended to reduce chronic HBV infection (measured by hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] seroprevalence) to ≤0.1% among children by achieving 1) ≥95% coverage with HepB-BD and HepB3; and 2) ≥80% of pregnant women received testing for HBsAg, and provision of hepatitis B immunoglobulin to HBV-exposed neonates. By 2012, all 51 AMR countries and territories (countries) provided HepB3 nationwide, and by 2021, 34 (67%) provided HepB-BD nationwide. Mathematical models estimate that HBsAg seroprevalence in children is ≤0.1% in 14 (28%) of 51 countries and at the regional level. Three (6%) of 51 countries met the 95% coverage targets for both HepB3 and HepB-BD during both 2021 and 2022. Of these, two have likely met criteria for the elimination of MTCT of HBV infection. However, in 2022, HepB3 coverage had declined by ≥10 percentage points in 15 (37%) of 41 countries with 2012 coverage data for comparison. These declines in HepB3 coverage, as well as the absence of HepB-BD in the routine immunization schedules in 17 countries, threaten PAHO's progress toward the elimination of MTCT of HBV infection. Efforts to introduce HepB-BD and maintain high HepB3 and HepB-BD coverage are needed.
Outcome of treatment modalities for spontaneous esophageal rupture: a meta-analysis and case series
Authors: Jiajian Pan, Yong Ge, Tianci Feng, Chengwen Zheng, Xueqiu Zhang, Shoujie Feng, Teng Sun, Feng Zhao, Zhengbu Sha, Hao Zhang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Current treatment modalities for spontaneous esophageal perforation remain controversial because of their rarity. Objective: To describe our institution’s experience in managing patients with spontaneous esophageal rupture and conduct a meta-analysis of existing studies to determine the best evidence-based treatment options. Methods: We enrolled patients with spontaneous esophageal rupture who underwent their first treatment at our institution. We also identified studies through a systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases before April 1, 2024, for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results: This case series included data from 17 patients with delayed diagnosis who were treated with esophageal stents, with an immediate mortality rate of 5.9%. In addition to the cases from our institution, we obtained 944 patients from 46 studies in the final analysis. The combined immediate mortality rate was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–0.15). The combined re-intervention rate was 11% (95% CI: 0.05–0.19). The combined immediate mortality was 6% (95% CI: 0.04–0.09) after primary closure, 14% (95% CI: 0.02–0.32) after T-tube drain repair, 2% (95% CI: 0.00–0.15) after esophagectomy, 8% (95% CI: 0.03–0.15) after stent placement, and 22% (95% CI: 0.03–0.47) after conservative treatment. The subgroup analysis based on the timing of the intervention showed that the immediate mortality rate in patients initiating treatment within 24 h of rupture was 3% (95% CI: 0.01–0.08), whereas that in patients initiating treatment &gt; 24 h later was 12% (95% CI: 0.08–0.18). Conclusion: Outcomes are best after esophagectomy, and primary closure or esophageal stenting is a good option compared with other treatment modalities. Prognosis is related to the timing of intervention, and accurate diagnosis and treatment within 24 h significantly reduces the risk of death in patients. Patients with delayed diagnosis may have a better prognosis with stent placement.
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Antonio Farina, Macarena Villagrán-García, Anthony Fourier, Anne-Laurie Pinto, Fatima Chorfa, Noémie Timestit, Tifanie Alberto, Jérôme Aupy, Marie Benaiteau, Cristina Birzu, Lucia Campetella, François Cotton, Stéphane Dalle, Clara Fontaine Delaruelle, Pauline Dumez, Rafaele Germi, Marion Le Maréchal, Denis Maillet, Romain Marignier, Antoine Pegat, Dimitri Psimaras, Marie Rafiq, Géraldine Picard, Virginie Desestret, Isabelle Quadrio, Jérôme Honnorat, Bastien Joubert
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related encephalitis (ICI-encephalitis) is not well characterised and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are lacking. We aimed to comprehensively characterise ICI-encephalitis and identify diagnostic biomarkers and outcome predictors.
Corrigendum to ‘Impact of COVID-19 on immunocompromised populations during the Omicron era: insights from the observational population-based INFORM study’ [The Lancet Regional Health – Europe 35 (2023) 100747]
Authors: Rachael A Evans, Sabada Dube, Yi Lu, Mark Yates, Sofie Arnetorp, Eleanor Barnes, Samira Bell, Lucy Carty, Kathryn Evans, Sophie Graham, Nahila Justo, Paul Moss, Sudhir Venkatesan, Renata Yokota, Catia Ferreira, Richard McNulty, Sylvia Taylor, Jennifer K Quint
Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe (2024)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100747.].
Imaging-based surrogate classification for risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion to adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Lidi Ma, Cheng Zhang, Yuhua Wen, Kaili Xing, Shaohua Li, Zhijun Geng, Shuting Liao, Shasha Yuan, Xinming Li, Chong Zhong, Jing Hou, Jie Zhang, Mingyong Gao, Baojun Xu, Rongping Guo, Wei Wei, Chuanmiao Xie, Lianghe Lu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: Patients with microvascular invasion (MVI)-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have shown promising results with adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) with FOLFOX after curative resection. We aim to develop an imaging-derived biomarker to depict MVI-positive HCC patients more precisely and promote individualized treatment strategies of adjuvant HAIC. Materials and Methods: Patients with MVI-positive HCC were identified from five academic centers and utilized for model development (n=470). Validation cohorts were pooled from a previously reported prospective clinical study conducted (control cohort (n=145), adjuvant HAIC cohort (n=143)) (NCT03192618). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Imaging features were thoroughly reviewed, and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed for model development. Transcriptomic sequencing was conducted to identify the associated biological processes. Results: Arterial phase peritumoral enhancement, boundary of the tumor enhancement, tumor necrosis stratification, and boundary of the necrotic area were selected and incorporated into the nomogram for RFS. The imaging-based model successfully stratified patients into two distinct prognostic subgroups in both the training, control, and adjuvant HAIC cohorts (median RFS, 6.00 vs. 66.00 mo, 4.86 vs. 24.30 mo, 11.46 vs. 39.40 mo, all P &lt;0.01). Furthermore, no significant statistical difference was observed between patients at high-risk of adjuvant HAIC and those in the control group ( P =0.61). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at two years was found to be 0.83, 0.84, and 0.73 for the training, control, and adjuvant HAIC cohorts respectively. Transcriptomic sequencing analyses revealed associations between the radiological features and immune-regulating signal transduction pathways. Conclusion: The utilization of this imaging-based model could help to better characterize MVI-positive HCC patients and facilitate the precise subtyping of patients who genuinely benefit from adjuvant HAIC treatment.
Post-procedural infection rate after minor surgical procedures performed with and without sterile gloves: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oshan Shrestha, Sunil Basukala, Nabaraj Bhugai, Sujan Bohara, Ayush Bhatt, Niranjan Thapa, Sushanta Paudel, Niraj Joshi, Bipin Mehta, Astutee Acharya, Nirakar Shrestha
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Post-procedural infection has been a top priority for the perioperative team. The use of sterile gloves to counter this became popular and was routinely used, but randomized studies have shown that the benefit that was thought to be added by the use of sterile gloves is insignificant and that not all procedures require the use of sterile gloves.
The Rational Engineered Bacteria Based Biohybrid Living System for Tumor Therapy
Authors: Chen Wang, Qiliner Feng, Si Shi, Yuxuan Qin, Hongli Lu, Peng Zhang, Jie Liu, Baizhu Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2024)

Abstract Living therapy based on bacterial cells has gained increasing attention for their applications in tumor treatments. Bacterial cells can naturally target to tumor sites and active the innate immunological responses. The intrinsic advantages of bacteria attribute to the development of biohybrid living carriers for targeting delivery toward hypoxic environments. The rationally engineered bacterial cells integrate various functions to enhance the tumor therapy and reduce toxic side effects. In this review, the antitumor effects of bacteria and their application are discussed as living therapeutic agents across multiple antitumor platforms. The various kinds of bacteria used for cancer therapy are first introduced and demonstrated the mechanism of antitumor effects as well as the immunological effects. Additionally, this study focused on the genetically modified bacteria for the production of antitumor agents as living delivery system to treat cancer. The combination of living bacterial cells with functional nanomaterials is then discussed in the cancer treatments. In brief, the rational design of living therapy based on bacterial cells highlighted a rapid development in tumor therapy and pointed out the potentials in clinical applications.
Comparison of short-term outcomes and defecatory function following robotic and conventional laparoscopic surgery for stapled-ileal pouch-anal anastomosis‐a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Marie Hanaoka, Yusuke Kinugasa, Kenta Yao, Ayumi Takaoka, Megumi Sasaki, Shinichi Yamauchi, Masanori Tokunaga
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: This study assessed the potential advantages of robotic-assisted Stapled ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (Ro Stapled-IPAA) in ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery (Lap), with a focus on short-term outcomes and postoperative defecatory function, an aspect not previously explored. Materials and methods: Out of a total of 132 patients who underwent proctocolectomy or residual rectal resection, consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive Stapled-IPAA for UC at our hospital from May 2014 to May 2024 were included. The Ro approach was chosen for individuals with severe colitis extending into the anal canal, deeper rectal cancers (beyond T1), and cases requiring residual rectal resection, taking advantage of its benefits. Perioperative outcomes, including anastomosis height, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, complication rate, postoperative hospital stay, and defecatory function using Wexner scores and anorectal manometry before proctocolectomy and 6 months after stoma closure, were compared between the Ro and Lap groups. Results: Thirty-three patients (Lap, n =21; Ro, n =12) were included. The Ro group demonstrated a significantly lower anastomosis height (0.5 vs. 3.0 cm, P &lt;0.001), reduced intraoperative blood loss (35 vs. 118 ml, P =0.032), shorter postoperative hospital stay (8 vs. 10.5 days), and no cases of anastomotic leakage (0 vs. 14.3%), as compared to the Lap group. Pouch failure occurred in 14% of Lap group; none were observed in the Ro group. Wexner scores favored the Ro group at 12 months after stoma closure (0 vs. 8 points), and there was better maximum voluntary squeeze pressure (302 mmHg vs. 175 mmHg, P =0.03), indicating preserved contraction of the external sphincter muscle despite the lower anastomosis. Conclusion: Ro Stapled-IPAA for patients with UC led to better short-term outcomes and preservation of defecatory function with lower anastomosis than Lap, suggesting the clinical advantages of the robotic approach in this field.
Pre- and post-surgery: advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning models for enhancing patient management in infective endocarditis
Authors: Ramez M. Odat, Mohammed D. Marsool Marsool, Dang Nguyen, Muhammad Idrees, Ayham M. Hussein, Mike Ghabally, Jehad A. Yasin, Hamdah Hanifa, Cameron J. Sabet, Nguyen H. Dinh, Amer Harky, Jyoti Jain, Hritvik Jain
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe infection of the inner lining of the heart, known as the endocardium. It is characterized by a range of symptoms and has a complicated pattern of occurrence, leading to a significant number of deaths. IE poses significant diagnostic and treatment difficulties. This evaluation examines the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models in addressing information extraction (IE) management. It focuses on the most recent advancements and possible applications. Through this paper, we observe that AI/ML can significantly enhance and outperform traditional diagnostic methods leading to more accurate risk stratification, personalized therapies as well and real-time monitoring facilities. For example, early postsurgical mortality prediction models like SYSUPMIE achieved 'very good' area under the curve (AUROC) values exceeding 0.81. Additionally, AI/ML has improved diagnostic accuracy for prosthetic valve endocarditis, with PET-ML models increasing sensitivity from 59% to 72% when integrated into ESC criteria and reaching a high specificity of 83%. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-15 and CCL4 have been identified as predictive markers, showing 91% accuracy in forecasting mortality, and identifying high-risk patients with specific CRP, IL-15, and CCL4 levels. Even simpler ML models, like Naïve Bayes, demonstrated an excellent accuracy of 92.30% in death rate prediction following valvular surgery for IE patients. Furthermore, this review provides a vital assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of such AI/ML models, such as better-quality decision support approaches like adaptive response systems on one hand, and data privacy threats or ethical concerns on the other hand. In conclusion, Al and ML must continue, through multi-centric and validated research, to advance cardiovascular medicine, and overcome implementation challenges to boost patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.
Assessing Cardiac Mechanics through Left Ventricular Hemodynamic Forces
Authors: Alberto Aimo, Giorgia Panichella, Iacopo Fabiani, Manuel Garofalo, Angela Ilaria Fanizzi, Maddalena Ragagnin, Alessandra Milazzo, Chiara Zocchi, Annamaria Del Franco, Gianni Pedrizzetti, Iacopo Olivotto, Michele Emdin
Journal:  (2024)

Haemodynamic forces (HDFs), which represent the forces exchanged between blood and surrounding tissues, are critical in regulating the structure and function of the left ventricle (LV). These forces can be assessed on cardiac magnetic resonance or transthoracic echocardiography exams using specialized software, offering a non-invasive alternative for measuring intraventricular pressure gradients. The analysis of HDFs can be a valuable tool in improving our understanding of cardiovascular disease and providing insights beyond traditional diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. For instance, HDF analysis has the potential to identify early signs of adverse remodelling and cardiac dysfunction, which may not be detected by standard imaging methods such as bidimensional or speckle-tracking echocardiography. This review aims to summarize the principles of HDF analysis and to reappraise its possible applications to cardiac disorders.
Global trends and insights in ethical statements regarding the utilization of human cadaveric tissues for biomechanical research from 2017 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Lenian Zhou, Yi Qiao, Qianying Cai, Hanqiang Jin, Junqing Lin, Jie Shen, Hongyi Zhu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Human cadaveric tissues are essential for biomechanical research, however, omitting statements regarding the ethical implications remains very common in many recent articles of biomechanics. We systematically searched PubMed for research articles published from 2017 to 2022 to identify all relevant studies (n=1850). Information on the characteristics of the cadaveric specimens and the acquisition of ethical approval was collected. The included articles were categorized as grade A (n=757), grade B (n=308), and grade C (n=785) according to our predetermined criteria. Additionally, we analyzed whether the reporting status of ethical approval varied based on publishing year, journals, regions, and research settings. No significant improvement was observed over the study period. Disparities in ethical reporting standards were identified among different regions and journals. This is the first bibliometric analysis that offers an overview of publications in biomechanical research that use human cadaveric samples. It serves as a reference for interested researchers and journal readers to discuss the associated ethical issues.
Predicting pathological response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with longitudinal CT radiomics and disentangled representation learning: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xiaoding Zhou, Hailin Yue, Zhunhao Zheng, Wencheng Zhang, Jianxin Wang, Lin Peng, Qifeng Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Zhou, Xiaoding MD; Yue, Hailin MD; Zheng, Zhunhao MD; Zhang, Wencheng MD; Wang, Jianxin MD; Peng, Lin MD; Wang, Qifeng MD Author Information
Exploring the practice principles and beliefs of trans-care providers working with trans and detrans youth: A survey-based analysis
Authors: Annie Pullen Sansfaçon, Maryse Lapierre, Mélanie Millette, Tommly Planchat, Morgane A. Gelly, Denise Médico
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

While research on detransition in young people has helped to develop a data-driven understanding of this new phenomenon, it only became available late 2020. This small-scale exploratory project aims to examine the attitudes and beliefs on the topic of detransition held by trans-care providers working with trans and non-binary youth at a moment when research evidence was limited. An online survey was circulated between September 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. A total of 147 professionals participated, of whom 61 completed more than 60% of the online survey. The survey examined how attitudes and beliefs of these 61 participants compare between providers who have or may have followed youth who detransitioned (YDT) (n = 29) and those who have not (n = 22). Descriptive and Mann-Withney U tests using SPSS V 28 were performed. Qualitative data were analised through thematic analysis and used to illustrate quantitative data. The analysis uncovered slight but significant differences between these two groups of care providers. The results indicate that those who have interacted with YDT are less likely to have adhered to the empirical evidence available at the time of the survey compared to those who have not. While the reasons for these differences are not entirely clear, the article suggests that media content may have captured the attention of providers who have followed YDT, potentially leading to confirmation bias. The latest peer-reviewed evidence has to be more readily accessible to all providers, and providers must critically appraise evidence to ensure that their practices are more data-driven and insure best intervention for all gender-diverse youth.
Dysfunction of dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy
Authors: Jie Chen, Yuhang Duan, Junye Che, Jianwei Zhu
Journal: Cancer Communications (2024)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise diverse cell populations that play critical roles in antigen presentation and triggering immune responses in the body. However, several factors impair the immune function of DCs and may promote immune evasion in cancer. Understanding the mechanism of DC dysfunction and the diverse functions of heterogeneous DCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for designing effective strategies for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical applications targeting DCs summarized in this report aim to improve immune infiltration and enhance the biological function of DCs to modulate the TME to prevent cancer cells from evading the immune system. Herein, factors in the TME that induce DC dysfunction, such as cytokines, hypoxic environment, tumor exosomes and metabolites, and co‐inhibitory molecules, have been described. Furthermore, several key signaling pathways involved in DC dysfunction and signal‐relevant drugs evaluated in clinical trials were identified. Finally, this review provides an overview of current clinical immunotherapies targeting DCs, especially therapies with proven clinical outcomes, and explores future developments in DC immunotherapies.