tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
好心办了"悬"事
Authors: 曾昭耆
Journal: BMJ (2010)

大规模杀伤性武器（WMD）包括生物、化学和放射性战剂，这些战剂在低剂量就有致死性，而且长期对幸存者的健康带来严重的影响。本文就大规模杀伤性武器在发达国家发生的恐怖袭击及第三世界国家发生的区域冲突中的使用情况进行了介绍。大规模杀伤性武器常被用于恐怖统治、征服民众和破坏经济等目的。许多大规模杀伤性武器制造廉价且使用途径多样化。除可以炸弹或航空喷雾等形式公开使用外，还可以偷偷使用，如包裹邮递、动物媒介或通过污染水、食物的供给。
Abstract 20157: Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Predict Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Sarah Shimoni, Iris Bar, Valery Meledin, Gera Gandelman, Jacob George
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Degenerative aortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvular disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have a role in the repair of endothelial surfaces after injury. The aim of this study was to assess EPC number in pts with AS and to study the predictive value of circulating EPC levels on prognosis in pts with AS. Methods: The number of EPCs was determined by flow cytometry in 244 consecutive pts with AS and a control group of 75 pts. Thirty eight pts had mild AS, 52 pts had moderate AS and 154 pts presented with severe AS. We evaluated the association between baseline levels of EPCs and functional improvement after an intervention and death from cardiovascular causes. Results: The EPC number was significantly higher in pts with AS compared to the control group (p=0.026). There was no difference in EPC number among pts with mild, moderate or severe AS. Two hundred and six pts with moderate and severe AS were followed for a median of 20 months for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. One hundred and twenty pts underwent an intervention. Sixty-two percent showed improvement in functional class after the intervention and 38% did not improve. The EPC number was significantly higher in pts with functional improvement compared to those that did not improve (p=0.01). Forty one pts died during follow up, 21 pts died due to cardiac causes. Advanced age, the presence of CAD, high NYHA class, low aortic valve area, elevated pulmonary artery pressure and low EPC number were found to be predictors of cardiac death in the univariant analysis. Multivariant logistic regression model identified only low EPC number as associated with cardiac death during follow up (p= 0.025, Figure 1). Conclusions: EPC number is increased in pts with AS. However, in pts with moderate or severe AS a relatively low number of EPCs is associated with lack of functional improvement after intervention and with cardiac death at follow up. These results may help to identify AS pts at increased cardiovascular risk.
Abstract 9712: Lack of Association Between Common p.T111I Variant in the Endothelial Lipase Gene and the Risk for Coronary Artery Disease in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Insights From the Modulation of Phospholipids in the HDL Particles
Authors: Hayato Tada, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Chiaki Nakanishi, Toshinari Tsubokawa, Tetsuo Konno, Kenshi Hayashi, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Atsushi Nohara, Noboru Fujino, Hidekazu Ino, Akihiro Inazu, Junji Kobayashi, Hiroshi Mabuchi, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: endothelial lipase (EL) is a major determinant of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism through the lipolysis of the phospholipids (PL) in the HDL particles (HDL-PL). Several studies indicated that common p.T111I variant in EL gene (LIPG: rs2000813) is negatively associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of HDL-C levels. However, few data exist regarding the influence of this variant on the content of HDL-PL in terms of the association with CAD, especially in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) subjects. The aim of our study is to elucidate the clinical impact of common p.T111I variant in the EL gene on the content of HDL-PL, and whether this variant could be useful predictor of the risk of CAD in FH subjects, which always exhibit low HDL-C levels. Methods: The p.T111I variant was genotyped in our heterozygous FH subjects (n=80, male=56, mean age=64±18yr, mean TC=340±64mg/dl). All those subjects' plasma lipoproteins were investigated by ultracentrifugation method. Overall HDL-C level, HDL-PL level, and the existence of CAD were investigated for each group (TT group vs. TI and II group). Results: The minor allele frequency in the combined pools of subjects was 0.25. There was no significant association between this variant with overall HDL-C level (42±14 vs. 43±17mg/dl, p=NS) nor with HDL-PL level (86±24 vs. 88±27mg/dl, p=NS). In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis revealed no association between this variant and CAD (odds ratio 0.96, 95%CI:0.88-1.04, p=NS) although significant associations between several coronary risk factors and CAD were observed (figure). Conclusions: These data suggest that common p.T111I variant in LIPG neither plays a role in determining HDL-C as well as HDL-PL levels nor is a useful predictor of the risk of CAD in genetically determined heterozygous FH subjects.
Abstract 2830: The Site of Origin of Torsade De Pointes
Authors: Edo Y Birati, Bernard Belhassen, Sami Viskin
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Introduction:  The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is the site of origin of the most common form of idiopathic benign monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). In addition, the RVOT is a predominant site of origin of malignant polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias observed in catecholaminergic polymorphic VT, Brugada syndrome and some cases of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.   Objective:  To determine if arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome (LQTS) have a predominant site of origin and if this region is disease-specific (i.e., differs between congenital and acquired LQTS) or patient-specific (that is, if multiple episodes of TdP in the same patient share the site of origin).   Methods:  Patients with LQTS and no structural heart disease, for whom electrocardiographic recording of the onset of torsade de pointes (TdP) is available in simultaneous 6 to 12 leads recording, were studied. The site of origin of QT-related arrhythmias was defined according to the morphology of the ventricular complex initiating the arrhythmia and using established VT-morphology criteria.   Results : Simultaneous multiple-lead recordings of the onset of TdP were available for 31 patients. These included 343 QT-related extrasystoles (impending TdP) and 74 episodes of TdP. The distribution of sites of origin for TdP was as follows:  RVOT (including typical right-sided and probable left-sided outflow tract tachycardia) = 47.3%;  Inferior zone of the left ventricle = 35.1%;  Inferior zone of the right ventricle = 17.6%.  The site of origin of TdP was not disease specific (that is, there was no correlation between site of origin and the etiology of LQTS). On the other hand, the site of origin was patient-specific: Multiple episodes of TdP tended to originate from the same area and the site of origin of QT-related extrasystoles predicted the site of origin of TdP.   Conclusions:  The most frequent site of origin of TdP is the outflow tract area. Further studies are needed to understand why this relatively small area of the ventricle is a predominant site of origin of diverse monomorphic and polymorphic arrhythmias. Moreover, when typical RVOT extrasystoles are recorded, careful analysis of the QT interval must be performed before a diagnosis of “idiopathic benign RVOT-extrasystoles” is made.
Abstract 16826: Left Atrial Functional Parameters Measured By Echocardiography Added To The CHADS2 Or The CHA2DS2-vasc Score Improves Predicting Power For Thromboembolic Risk In Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Mi Na Kim, Su A Kim, Yong Hyun Kim, Jong Il Choi, Seong-Mi Park, Sang won Park, Young-Hoon Kim, Wan Joo Shim
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc score are used for evaluation of embolic risk in atrial fibrillation(AF) patients. The left atrial(LA) function is an important risk factor for embolism in AF. T...
Abstract 16924: Adherence and Persistence to Statin Therapy in a Veteran Population
Authors: Kendra Morotti, Julio Lopez, Michael Harvey, Vanessa Vaupel, Arthur Swislocki, David Siegel
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  A relative cardiovascular risk reduction of 25-35% has been reported in patients that have started statins for elevated cholesterol; yet many patients fail to consistently take these medications as directed. Our study evaluated factors that impact adherence to and persistence with statin therapy.   Methods:  This retrospective study analyzed data extracted from a VA database encompassing 6 facilities in Northern California, Northern Nevada and Hawaii for patients newly prescribed statin medication between July 1, 2007 and December 31, 2012. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, prescription record information, and time on therapy were collected. Adherence to statin therapy was determined using the mean possession ratio (MPR), calculated as the total days’ supply of medication dispensed divided by the total number of days in the intended treatment period. Persistence was defined as whether a patient continued to refill their statin prescription, with non-persistence occurring when a given patient did not refill their statin for a period of > 135 days.   Results:  Of 37,214 patients, overall adherence to statins was reflected by a mean MPR of 0.867. Approximately 44% of patients continued to be persistent on statin therapy after 675 days. Patients prescribed pravastatin, lovastatin, rosuvastatin, and those who took more than 1 different statin during the follow-up period had statistically significant higher rates of adherence than those prescribed simvastatin. Patients 18 - 70 had an overall mean MPR    Conclusions:  In Veterans, statin adherence was excellent. Certain populations may benefit from interventions targeted at improving adherence to statins including younger Veterans (age 18-60), those prescribed simvastatin, and those with hyperlipidemia, ischemic heart disease, and/or PTSD.
Abstract 12238: First Human Trial of Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle-Derived Cell Sheet Implantation in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Supported by Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Yasushi Yoshikawa, Shigeru Miyagawa, Taichi Sakaguchi, Atsuhiro Saito, Hiroyuki Nishi, Satsuki Fukushima, Shunsuke Saito, Takahiro Higuchi, Yasuhiro Shudo, Akima Harada, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Despite promising experimental results, a clinical study found that intramyocardial myoblast injection failed to reverse LV remodeling and induced arrhythmogenicity. In contrast, we sho...
Abstract 92: Evaluation Of Knowledge And Practice Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Of Children And Infants By An Out-of-hospital Emergency Care Team
Authors: Nathalie S Goddet, François Dolveck, Alexis Descatha, Noella Lode, Jean-Louis Chabernaud, Thomas Loeb, Céline Farges, Patrick Lagron, Laurent Stenger, Gé raldine Baer, Michel Baer, Dominique Fletcher
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction The French emergency response system in life threatening situations is the deployment of fully equipped ambulances with paramedic, nurse and emergency physician. The 2005 ILCOR and ERC guidelines concerning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have led to significant changes, especially in terms of basic life support (BLS). We aimed to review fundamental knowledge and practice by our personnel concerning CPR in children and infants to determine current training needs for our teams. Materials and methods Paper questionnaires were filled out by our personnel and immediately collected. Inclusion criteria: physicians, nurses, and paramedics (refusals to fill out questionnaire were not included). We recorded: profile of personnel, knowledge of 2005 guidelines, basic CPR and advanced CPR parameters. Majors results were compared based on job title. Results Sixty-one questionnaires were filled out (25 paramedics, 13 nurses, and 23 physicians). Personnel was mostly aged under 40 (70,5%, n=43), with over 2 years experience in prehospital emergency care(75,4%, n=46); 47,5% (n=\29) had no training in pediatrics; 68,9% (n=42) had BLS certification and 31,1% (n=19) reported regular participation in first aid training programs. A minority of subjects declared knowing the 2005 Guidelines (11,5%, n=7), even among physician (17,4%, n=4). Table 1 shows major results about CPR parameters according to job title. Conclusion This study emphasizes the lack of knowledge and the repeated changes witch require more frequent and more extensive training for entire personnel on the team, focusing on basic CPR for physicians and advanced CPR for paramedics and nurses. Table 1: Answers according to job title AED : Automatic External Defibrillator
Systematic review of fever, febrile convulsions and serious adverse events following administration of inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines in children
Authors: J Li-Kim-Moy, J K Yin, H Rashid, G Khandaker, C King, N Wood, K K Macartney, C Jones, R Booy
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Abstract 17137: Renal Dysfunction is a Potent Predictor of Stroke and Systemic Embolism Among Individuals with Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ROCKET AF Trial
Authors: Jonathan P Piccini, Susanna R Stevens, Manesh R Patel, Kenneth W Mahaffey, John F Paolini, Christopher C Nessel, Richard C Becker, Jonathan L Halperin, Werner Hacke, Daniel E Singer, Graeme J Hankey, Gunter Breithardt, Keith A Fox, Robert M Califf
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Stroke is a disabling and frequently lethal complication of atrial fibrillation (AF). Risk stratification is an essential first step in effective stroke prevention. We investigated what factors are associated with the occurrence of stroke and systemic embolism in a large, international AF trial. Methods: In ROCKET AF, 14,264 patients with nonvalvular AF and creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥30 mL/min were randomized to rivaroxaban or dose-adjusted warfarin. The primary endpoint was stroke or systemic embolism analyzed according to intention to treat. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to identify the factors at randomization independently associated with the occurrence of stroke or systemic embolism. Results: At randomization, the median age was 73 yrs, median CHADS2 score was 3.0, median CHA 2 DS 2 VASc score was 5, and 52% had a history of prior stroke or TIA. Over a median follow-up of 1.94 years, 575 (4.0%) patients had a primary endpoint event. Among these patients, the median age was 74, median CHADS 2 score was 4, median CHA 2 DS 2 VASc score was 5, and 64% had prior stroke or TIA. Reduced CrCl was a strong independent predictor of stroke and systemic embolism, second only to prior stroke or TIA (Table). Additional factors associated with stroke and systemic embolism included increased diastolic BP and heart rate, and vascular disease of the heart and limbs; (C-index 0.635). This model demonstrated improved discrimination compared with the CHA 2 DS 2 VASc model (0.578), and the CHADS 2 model (0.575). The inclusion of eGFR &lt;60 and prior stroke or TIA in a model without any other covariates led to a C-index of 0.591. Conclusions: In a population of patients with non-valvular AF at moderate to high risk of stroke, impaired renal function is a potent predictor of stroke and systemic emboli. Risk stratification for stroke prevention in AF should incorporate renal function into risk estimates and potentially, subsequent therapeutic decisions.
“I-MOVE” towards monitoring seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness: lessons learnt from a pilot multi-centric case-control study in Europe, 2008-9
Authors: E Kissling, M Valenciano, J  M Falcão, A Larrauri, K Widgren, D Pitigoi, B Oroszi, B Nunes, C Savulescu, A Mazick, E Lupulescu, B Ciancio, A Moren
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

Within I-MOVE (European programme to monitor seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE)) five countries conducted IVE pilot case-control studies in 2008-9. One hundred and sixty sentinel general practitioners (GP) swabbed all elderly consulting for influenza-like illness (ILI). Influenza confirmed cases were compared to influenza negative controls. We conducted a pooled analysis to obtain a summary IVE in the age group of >or=65 years. We measured IVE in each study and assessed heterogeneity between studies qualitatively and using the I2 index. We used a one-stage pooled model with study as a fixed effect. We adjusted estimates for age-group, sex, chronic diseases, smoking, functional status, previous influenza vaccinations and previous hospitalisations. The pooled analysis included 138 cases and 189 test-negative controls. There was no statistical heterogeneity (I2=0) between studies but ILI case definition, previous hospitalisations and functional status were slightly different. The adjusted IVE was 59.1% (95% CI: 15.3-80.3%). IVE was 65.4% (95% CI: 15.6-85.8%) in the 65-74, 59.6% (95% CI: -72.6 -90.6%) in the age group of >or=75 and 56.4% (95% CI: -0.2-81.3%) for A(H3). Pooled analysis is feasible among European studies. The variables definitions need further standardisation. Larger sample sizes are needed to achieve greater precision for subgroup analysis. For 2009-10, I-MOVE will extend the study to obtain early IVE estimates in groups targeted for pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccination.
Abstract 17239: Mechanisms of Vascular Oxidative Stress Induction of Obesity
Authors: Ji- Youn Youn, Henrich Lob, Kin L Siu, Jeong-Ho Oak, David G Harrison, Hua L Cai
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The present study investigates whether and how vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce obesity and insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologically, pathological conditions like hypertension and hypercholesterolemia associated with obesity, and these diseases promote vascular ROS production. It has been thought that obesity is causal in these conditions. We instead propose that vascular ROS may play a causal role in obesity by promoting inflammation, adipogenesis and exercise intolerance. Wild-type (WT) mice and mice having excessive vascular ROS production (smooth muscle-specific overexpression of p22phox, a key component of NADPH oxidase, tg sm/p22phox , body weight (BW) elevated modestly but significantly at baseline) were fed high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Intriguingly, tg sm/p22phox mice developed exaggerated obesity. The BW increased from 32.16±2.34 g in the 6 mo old tg sm/p22phox mice to 43.03±1.44 g (vs. 30.81±0.71 g to 37.89±1.16 g in the WT mice). The percentage of increase is 34±3.35% vs. 23±3.08% respectively (p&lt;0.01). Fat mass was also significantly further increased. Glucose tolerance tests indicate a more severe insulin resistance phenotype in the tg sm/p22phox mice, which was associated with reduced HDL cholesterol and increased leptin levels. These animals also had impaired spontaneous activity, increased ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Oral administration with antioxidant ebselen prevented weight gain and insulin resistance in high-fat fed tg sm/p22phox mice. In mice having deficient vascular ROS production however (p22phox loxp/loxp crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase driven by the tamoxifen-inducible smooth muscle myosin heavy chain promoter, tg smmhc/cre mice), high-fat feeding failed to induce weight gain and leptin resistance. These vascular p22phox knockout mice also had reduced T cell infiltration of perivascular fat. In conclusion, these data seem to provocatively implicate that vascular NADPH oxidase-derived ROS induce obesity and insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome. To our knowledge this represents the first evidence that vascular ROS play a causal role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome.
Abstract 16755: Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes
Authors: Lorella Battista, Martina Di Iorio, Mariangela Tancredi, Maria Cristina Acconcia, Concetta Torromeo, Francesco Barilla, Vincenzo Paravati, Carlo Gaudio, Giuseppe Pannarale
Journal: Circulation (2013)

INTRODUCTION:  Cigarette smoking is a firmly and well-established risk factor for heart and lung disease. The risk is dramatically reduced by cigarette smoking discontinuation.  Recently, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), nicotine delivery devices that produce vapor, have been considered as less harmful than tobacco smoking. The inhalated vapor contains nicotine and other substances (nitrosamines, carcinogenes, diethylene glycol) that may be dangerous. Furthermore, as far as we know, there are no studies that investigate the effects of e-cigarette use on myocardial function.   HYPOTHESIS:  The aim of our study was to investigate the acute hemodynamic effects of nicotine delivered by electronic devices in normal subjects.   METHODS:  Our study included 12 healthy volunteers (7 men and 5 women; mean age 28 ± 6) who were used to smoke e-cigarettes. In all subjects we performed a complete echocardiographic exam according to ASE guidelines. BP, HR and oxygen saturation percentage, were taken by validated automated devices during echocardiographic stroke volume (SV) measurement. All parameters were measured at rest (T0) and after 2 (T1) and 4 (T2) minutes during e-cigarette smoking. Cardiac output (CO), mean BP, systemic vascular resistances (SVR) were derived. Subjects were asked to smoke their own e-cigarette at the usual concentration of nicotine that varied between 4 and 9 mg/ml. Wilcoxon test was used to compare measured and derived variables at different study times. A p   RESULTS:  CO increased and SVR decreased after 2 (T1) and 4 (T2) minutes during e-cigarette smoking, while DBP and MAP increased at 4 minutes (T2) Oxigen saturation did not change. The results are shown on the table.   CONCLUSIONS:  In summary, e-cigarettes appear less harmful than tobacco smoking but our study showed that nicotine vapor inhalation produces the same pathophysiological cardiovascular effects of traditional cigarette smoking.
Clostridium difficile ribotypes 001, 017, and 027 are associated with lethal C. difficile infection in Hesse, Germany
Authors: M Arvand, A M Hauri, N H Zaiss, W Witte, G Bettge-Weller
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

From January 2008 to April 2009, 72 cases of severe Clostridium difficile infection were reported from 18 different districts in the state of Hesse, Germany. A total of 41 C. difficile isolates from 41 patients were subjected to PCR ribotyping. PCR ribotype (RT) 027 was the most prevalent strain accounting for 24 of 41 (59%) of typed isolates, followed by RT 001 (eight isolates, 20%), RT 017 and 042 (two isolates each), and RT 003, 066, 078, 081, and RKI-034 (one isolate each). Eighteen patients had died within 30 days after admission. C. difficile was reported as underlying cause of or contributing to death in 14 patients, indicating a case fatality rate of 19%. The patients with lethal outcome attributable to C. difficile were 59-89 years-old (median 78 years). Ribotyping results were available for seven isolates associated with lethal outcome, which were identified as RT 027 in three and as RT 001 and 017 in two cases each. Our data suggest that C. difficile RT 027 is prevalent in some hospitals in Hesse and that, in addition to the possibly more virulent RT 027, other toxigenic C. difficile strains like RT 001 and 017 are associated with lethal C. difficile infections in this region.
Abstract 14081: Statin Therapy Concomitant with Anthracycline Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer is Associated with Reduced Risk of Heart Failure and Cardiac Related Mortality
Authors: Sinziana Seicean, Andreea Seicean, Thomas Cook, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background Recent animal model and in vitro experimental studies have reported statins to prevent doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity. The current study evaluates the cardioprotective effect of stat...