tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FDG PET/CT in Staging and Response Evaluation of Primary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urethra
Authors: Jun Zhang, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Primary urethral urothelial carcinoma is a rare aggressive tumor with a high propensity for local invasion and regional and distal metastases. We describe the usefulness of FDG PET/CT in management of a patient with primary urethral urothelial carcinoma. FDG PET/CT at initial staging showed FDG-avid primary tumor and lymph node metastasis of the left groin, and mild or no activity of the lung metastases due to small size. FDG PET/CT after 4 cycles of chemotherapy showed progression of the primary tumor and lung metastases, partial response of the left inguinal lymphadenopathy, and multiple new sites of FDG-avid metastases.
Increased Uptake of 18F-THK5351 in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma But Not in Meningioma
Authors: Katsuya Mitamura, Takashi Norikane, Yuka Yamamoto, Keisuke Miyake, Yoshihiro Nishiyama
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

18 F-THK5351 demonstrates a strong binding affinity and selectivity for tau. However, off-target binding with monoamine oxidase-B enzyme, highly expressed in the outer mitochondrial membranes of astrocytes, is possible. In a case with isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma, 11 C-MET PET and 18 F-THK5351 PET exhibited increased uptake in the tumor. Conversely, in another case with intracranial meningioma, MET PET revealed increased uptake in the tumor, whereas 18 F-THK5351 PET showed no abnormal uptake in the tumor. However, it is challenging to distinguish meningiomas from glioblastomas on MRI. 18 F-THK5351 PET might help differentiate between isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma and meningioma.
Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumor Mimicking Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Haibo Wu, Yinting Zhou, Aisheng Dong, Yang Wang, Yan Han
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

We describe contrast-enhanced CT and FDG PET/CT findings in a case of thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor with extensive pleural involvement and mediastinal lymph node metastases. Contrast-enhanced CT showed multiple enhancing right-sided pleural masses and soft tissue plaques and enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The pleural lesions and mediastinal lymph nodes showed intense FDG uptake mimicking malignant pleural mesothelioma with mediastinal lymph node metastases.
Imaging of Hypoxia in Liver Tumors With 18F-FMISO PET Before Selective Internal Radiotherapy With 90Y Microspheres
Authors: Cigdem Soydal, Burak Demir, Ecenur Dursun, Gizem Sutcu, Emre Can Celebioglu, Mehmet Sadik Bilgic, Nuriye Ozlem Kucuk
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Hypoxia is a known cause of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although there are multiple studies in external radiation therapies based on hypoxia PET, the effect of hypoxia in radioembolization is largely unknown. Here we present 2 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma patients from a prospective study with different lesion characteristics on pretreatment 18 F-FMISO PET and varying responses on 18 F-FDG PET.
A Rare Case of Follicular Dendritic Cell Tumor of the Abdominal Cavity Visualized by 18F-AlF-NOTA-Octreotide PET/CT
Authors: Guozhu Hou, Xin Cheng, Li Sun, Xuejuan Wang, Rong Zheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Positivity of follicular dendritic cell tumor in somatostatin receptor imaging is rare. A 68-year-old woman underwent ultrasound in health examination. The results showed abnormal echoes in the pancreatic head region, suggestive of a neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreatic head. 18 F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT was performed for staging. 18 F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT revealed an irregular mass between the caudate lobe of the liver and the pancreatic head with heterogeneously increased uptake, which was later confirmed as follicular dendritic cell tumor by pathological examination.
177Lu-DOTATATE Uptake in the Lungs of a Patient With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Tomoki Matsushita, Yoichi Otomi, Naoko Okada, Takashi Kawanaka, Hideki Otsuka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

A 76-year-old woman with liver and bone metastasis of a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor received peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177 Lu-DOTATATE. Scintigraphy with SPECT/CT performed 4 days after the treatment demonstrated 177 Lu-DOTATATE uptake as multifocal ground glass opacities in the bilateral lungs. This uptake was considered to be due to COVID-19 pneumonia because the patient was infected with the virus 7 days prior to the treatment. The lung opacities became smaller, showing a decreased uptake, 2 months later, after the second treatment. 177 Lu-DOTATATE may be taken up during the active phase of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Use in Glioma Management
Authors: Joshua D. McBriar, Neeva Shafiian, Stephen Scharf, John A. Boockvar, A. Gabriella Wernicke
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound metallopeptidase highly expressed in the neovasculature of many solid tumors including gliomas. It is a particularly enticing therapeutic target due to its ability to internalize, thereby delivering radioligands or pharmaceuticals to the intracellular compartment. Targeting the neovasculature of gliomas using PSMA for diagnosis and management has been a recent area of increased study and promise. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current state and future directions of PSMA use in the histopathologic study, imaging, and treatment of gliomas.
Atypical Bone Involvement in Erdheim-Chester Disease Showing No or Subtle Structure Changes and Increased Activity on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Zhengguang Xiao, Shun Dai, Aisheng Dong, Yushu Bai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Bones are the most common sites involved in Erdheim-Chester disease. On imaging, the bone involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease typically presents as osteosclerotic lesions, and osteolytic lesions are unusual. Bone lesions showing no or subtle structure changes are rarely reported. We describe FDG PET/CT findings in a case of Erdheim-Chester disease with atypical bone involvement. The bone lesions showed no or subtle structure changes without obvious osteosclerosis or osteolysis on radiographs and CT, and increased FDG activity mimicking lymphoma. Familiarity with these atypical imaging findings of bone involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease is helpful for the diagnosis.
Prognostic Significance of 18F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Patients With Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Curative Surgery
Authors: Jang Yoo, Seung Hyup Hyun, Jaeho Lee, Miju Cheon, Kwang Hyuck Lee, Jin Seok Heo, Joon Young Choi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of PET/CT radiomics to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Infectious Aortitis on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Nadine El Hoyek, Wengen Chen, Recai Aktay
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Infectious aortitis is a challenging radiographic diagnosis due to overlapping features with the noninfectious category. We present a case of a 58-year-old woman who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. 18 F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated large vessel vasculitis involving the thoracic, abdominal aorta, and the brachiocephalic branches of the aortic arch, and an incidental subcutaneous abscess in the right arm. Standard of care treatment was administered. Within a week, a drastic improvement of the wall thickening was noted, which can be, regardless of the biological markers, a surrogate marker of an infectious aortitis.
Feasibility of Using a Novel Drop-In Gamma Probe for 99mTc-PSMA-I&amp;S–Guided Lymph Node Detection During Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for Primary Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nina N. Harke, Christian Fuhrmann, Christoph Czerner, Frank Rudolf, Tobias Ludwig Ross, Olga Katzendorn, Frank Bengel, Markus A. Kuczyk, Desiree Weiberg, Thorsten Derlin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioguided surgery (RGS) has gained increased interest in prostate cancer (PCa). This analysis aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and limitations of RGS with a novel drop-in gamma probe in primary PCa.
Atypical Presentation of Gall Bladder Adenocarcinoma as Paraneoplastic Myeloneuropathy
Authors: Althaf K. Majeed, Deepanksha Datta, Divya Aggarwal, Bijayalaxmi Panda, Rajesh Kumar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes are a rare, heterogeneous group of complications associated with malignancy, unrelated to direct tumor invasion or metastasis. They are the remote effects of a malignancy owing to immune-mediated reaction toward the antigens that are common to both the malignant and normal cells. Few paraneoplastic syndromes are reported with gall bladder cancer. However, neurological symptoms are infrequent. Here we share an interesting case of adenocarcinoma of gall bladder with initial presentation as a paraneoplastic noncompressing myeloneuropathy.
18F-FDG PET/CT of Benign Tracheal Schwannoma
Authors: Kai-yu Lu, You Cheng, Zhen-Peng Jiang, Dan Shao, Si-yun Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Schwannoma is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cells. It commonly occurs in the head, neck, and extremities, but rarely occurs in the trachea. Tracheal schwannoma is usually asymptomatic. We reported the 18 F-FDG PET/CT findings of a 61-year-old man with bronchoscopically biopsy-proven schwannoma, which presented challenges in differentiation from certain benign tumors and low-grade malignancies in the trachea.
Temporal Changes in 18F-FDG PET/CT in Familial Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease, Based on the Clinical Course
Authors: Ahro Kim, Gyeong Min Park, Jae Hee Suh, Ji-Yun Park, Minjung Seo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract We report temporal changes in 18 F-FDG PET/CT in neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). In a patient with encephalitis-like episodes, PET showed hypermetabolism correlating with EEG alterations. Affected sites later became hypometabolic and showed diffusion changes on MRI. In another patient, hypermetabolic regions correlated well with the EEG, whereas MRI showed changes after only 1 month. One chronic patient had diffuse hypometabolism, which correlated with atrophy on MRI and cerebral dysfunction on EEG. This is the first report of temporal changes in PET in NIID and suggests that it reflects the disease activity of NIID while correlating well with EEG.
In situ sustained release hydrogel system delivering GLUT1 inhibitor and chemo-drug for cancer post-surgical treatment
Authors: Lanqing Wang, Zi Mei, Guanyu Jin, Hao Liu, Shixian Lv, Runjia Fu, Muxing Li, Cuiping Yao
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Systematic administration of small molecular drugs often suffered from the low efficacy and systemic toxicity in cancer therapy. In addition, application of single mode drug usually leads to unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Currently, developing multimodal-drug combination strategy that acts on different pathways without increasing side effects remains great challenge. Here, we developed a hydrogel system that co-delivered glycolysis inhibitor apigenin and chemo-drug gemcitabine to realize combination strategy for combating cancer with minimal systemic toxicity. We demonstrated that this system can not only eliminate tumor cells
Infliximab in steroid-refractory immune-related hepatitis does not demonstrate hepatotoxicity and may shorten time on steroids
Authors: Elias Burri, Joanna Mangana, Phil F Cheng, Alia Schneider, Achim Weber, Reinhard Dummer, Egle Ramelyte
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Immune-related hepatitis (irHepatitis) is a relatively common immune-related adverse event (irAE) of checkpoint inhibitors. Often, it responds well to steroids; however, in refractory cases, further therapy is needed. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are used for management of multiple irAEs, but there are little data in irHepatitis. Here, we report on safety and efficacy of infliximab in 10 cases of steroid-refractory irHepatitis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with infliximab for steroid-refractory grade ≥3 irHepatitis at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich. The positive response to infliximab was defined as no further increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) above 50% than at the time of first infliximab infusion and control of irHepatitis without therapies other than steroids and infliximab. Results 10 patients with steroid-resistant irHepatitis grade ≥3 were treated with infliximab 5 mg/kg, of whom 7 (70%) responded positively. In two cases, the liver values increased over 50% before the irHepatitis could be controlled. In another case, therapies other than infliximab and steroids were given. At the median follow-up of 487 days, 90% of the patients demonstrated resolved irHepatitis without AST/ALT elevation following infliximab infusions. Conclusions Treatment of irHepatitis with infliximab did not result in hepatotoxicity and led to long-lasting positive response in 9 of 10 of the cases. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of anti-TNF antibodies in management of irHepatitis.
TCF1-positive and TCF1-negative TRM CD8 T cell subsets and cDC1s orchestrate melanoma protection and immunotherapy response
Authors: Saraí G De León-Rodríguez, Cristina Aguilar-Flores, Julián A Gajón, Ángel Juárez-Flores, Alejandra Mantilla, Raquel Gerson-Cwilich, José Fabián Martínez-Herrera, Diana Alejandra Villegas-Osorno, Claudia T Gutiérrez-Quiroz, Sergio Buenaventura-Cisneros, Mario Alberto Sánchez-Prieto, Edmundo Castelán-Maldonado, Samuel Rivera Rivera, Ezequiel M Fuentes-Pananá, Laura C Bonifaz
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2024)

Background Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has undergone a transformative treatment shift with the advent of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI). Understanding the intricate network of immune cells infiltrating the tumor and orchestrating the control of melanoma cells and the response to CBI is currently of utmost importance. There is evidence underscoring the significance of tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8 T cells and classic dendritic cell type 1 (cDC1) in cancer protection. Transcriptomic studies also support the existence of a TCF7 + (encoding TCF1) T cell as the most important for immunotherapy response, although uncertainty exists about whether there is a TCF1+TRM T cell due to evidence indicating TCF1 downregulation for tissue residency activation. Methods We used multiplexed immunofluorescence and spectral flow cytometry to evaluate TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in two melanoma patient cohorts: one immunotherapy-naive and the other receiving immunotherapy. The first cohort was divided between patients free of disease or with metastasis 2 years postdiagnosis while the second between CBI responders and non-responders. Results Our study identifies two CD8+TRM subsets, TCF1+ and TCF1−, correlating with melanoma protection. TCF1+TRM cells show heightened expression of IFN-γ and Ki67 while TCF1− TRM cells exhibit increased expression of cytotoxic molecules. In metastatic patients, TRM subsets undergo a shift in marker expression, with the TCF1− subset displaying increased expression of exhaustion markers. We observed a close spatial correlation between cDC1s and TRMs, with TCF1+TRM/cDC1 pairs enriched in the stroma and TCF1− TRM/cDC1 pairs in tumor areas. Notably, these TCF1− TRMs express cytotoxic molecules and are associated with apoptotic melanoma cells. Both TCF1+ and TCF1− TRM subsets, alongside cDC1, prove relevant to CBI response. Conclusions Our study supports the importance of TRM CD8 T cells and cDC1 in melanoma protection while also highlighting the existence of functionally distinctive TCF1+ and TCF1− TRM subsets, both crucial for melanoma control and CBI response.
Plasma Glycated Albumin in Early Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Justine Cole, Claire Guivarch, Jing Wu, Paulina Stallcup, Wei Wei Pang, Cuilin Zhang, David B. Sacks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2024)

To investigate associations of plasma glycated albumin (GA) concentrations in early and midpregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.
A systematic umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis of eHealth and mHealth interventions for improving lifestyle behaviours
Authors: Ben Singh, Mavra Ahmed, Amanda E. Staiano, Claire Gough, Jasmine Petersen, Corneel Vandelanotte, Chelsea Kracht, Christopher Huong, Zenong Yin, Maria F. Vasiloglou, Chen-Chia Pan, Camille E. Short, Matthew Mclaughlin, Lauren von Klinggraeff, Christopher D. Pfledderer, Lisa J. Moran, Alyssa M. Button, Carol A. Maher
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2024)

The aim of this meta-meta-analysis was to systematically review randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence examining the effectiveness of e- and m-Health interventions designed to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour, healthy eating and sleep. Nine electronic databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to 1 June 2023. Systematic reviews with meta-analyses of RCTs that evaluate e- and m-Health interventions designed to improve physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and healthy eating in any adult population were included. Forty-seven meta-analyses were included, comprising of 507 RCTs and 206,873 participants. Interventions involved mobile apps, web-based and SMS interventions, with 14 focused on physical activity, 3 for diet, 4 for sleep and 26 evaluating multiple behaviours. Meta-meta-analyses showed that e- and m-Health interventions resulted in improvements in steps/day (mean difference, MD = 1329 [95% CI = 593.9, 2065.7] steps/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MD = 55.1 [95% CI = 13.8, 96.4] min/week), total physical activity (MD = 44.8 [95% CI = 21.6, 67.9] min/week), sedentary behaviour (MD = -426.3 [95% CI = -850.2, -2.3] min/week), fruit and vegetable consumption (MD = 0.57 [95% CI = 0.11, 1.02] servings/day), energy intake (MD = -102.9 kcals/day), saturated fat consumption (MD = -5.5 grams/day), and bodyweight (MD = -1.89 [95% CI = -2.42, -1.36] kg). Analyses based on standardised mean differences (SMD) showed improvements in sleep quality (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.72) and insomnia severity (SMD = -0.90, 95% CI = -1.14, -0.65). Most subgroup analyses were not significant, suggesting that a variety of e- and m-Health interventions are effective across diverse age and health populations. These interventions offer scalable and accessible approaches to help individuals adopt and sustain healthier behaviours, with implications for broader public health and healthcare challenges.
Early symptom-associated inflammatory responses shift to type 2 responses in controlled human schistosome infection
Authors: Emma L. Houlder, Koen A. Stam, Jan Pieter R. Koopman, Marion H. König, Marijke C. C. Langenberg, Marie-Astrid Hoogerwerf, Paula Niewold, Friederike Sonnet, Jacqueline J. Janse, Miriam Casacuberta Partal, Jeroen C. Sijtsma, Laura H. M. de Bes-Roeleveld, Yvonne C. M. Kruize, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Meta Roestenberg
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by contact with
Human life within a narrow range: The lethal ups and downs of type I interferons
Authors: Yanick J. Crow, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

The past 20 years have seen the definition of human monogenic disorders and their autoimmune phenocopies underlying either defective or enhanced type I interferon (IFN) activity. These disorders delineate the impact of type I IFNs in natural conditions and demonstrate that only a narrow window of type I IFN activity is beneficial. Insufficient type I IFN predisposes humans to life-threatening viral diseases (albeit unexpectedly few) with a central role in immunity to respiratory and cerebral viral infection. Excessive type I IFN, perhaps counterintuitively, appears to underlie a greater number of autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune conditions known as type I interferonopathies, whose study has revealed multiple molecular programs involved in the induction of type I IFN signaling. These observations suggest that the manipulation of type I IFN activity to within a physiological range may be clinically relevant for the prevention and treatment of viral and inflammatory diseases.
Tuning zinc content in wollastonite bioceramic endowing outstanding angiogenic and antibacterial functions beneficial for orbital reconstruction
Authors: Yiyu Peng, Menglu Chen, Jingyi Wang, Jiajun Xie, Changjun Wang, Xianyan Yang, Xiaoling Huang, Zhongru Gou, Juan Ye
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2024)

Prosthetic eye is indispensable as filler after enucleation in patients with anophthalmia, whereas there are still many complications including postoperative infection and eye socket depression or extrusion during the conventional artificial eye material applications. Some Ca-silicate biomaterials showed superior bioactivity but their biological stability in vivo limit the biomedical application as long-term or permanent implants. Herein we aimed to understand the physicochemical and potential biological responses of zinc doping in wollastonite bioceramic used for orbital implants. The wollastonite powders with different zinc dopant contents (CSi-Znx) could be fabricated as porous implants with strut or curve surface pore geometries (cubic, IWP) via ceramic stereolithography. The experimental results indicated that, by increasing zinc-substituting-Ca ratio (up to 9%), the sintering and mechanical properties could be significantly enhanced, and meanwhile the bio-dissolution in vitro and biodegradability in vivo were thoroughly inhibited. In particular, an appreciable angiogenic activity and expected antibacterial efficacy (over 90 %) were synergistically achieved at 9 mol% Zn dopant. In the back-embedding and enucleation and implantation model experiments in rabbits, the superior continuous angiogenesis was corroborated from the 2D/3D fibrovascular reconstruction in the IWP-pore CSi–Zn9 and CSi–Zn13.5 groups within very short time stages. Totally, the present silicate-based bioceramic via selective Zn doping could produce outstanding structural stability and bifunctional biological responses which is especially valuable for developing the next-generation implants with vascular insertion and fixation in orbital reconstruction prothesis.
IL-12 drives the differentiation of human T follicular regulatory cells
Authors: Diana Castaño, Sidney Wang, Segovia Atencio-Garcia, Emily J. Shields, Maria C. Rico, Hannah Sharpe, Jacinta Bustamante, Allan Feng, Carole Le Coz, Neil Romberg, John W. Tobias, Paul J. Utz, Sarah E. Henrickson, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Roberto Bonasio, Michela Locci
Journal: Science Immunology (2024)

T follicular regulatory (T fr ) cells can counteract the B cell helper activity of T follicular helper (T fh ) cells and hinder the production of antibodies against self-antigens or allergens. A mechanistic understanding of the cytokines initiating the differentiation of human regulatory T (T reg ) cells into T fr cells is still missing. Herein, we report that low doses of the pro-T fh cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) drive the induction of a T fr cell program on activated human T reg cells while also preserving their regulatory function. Mechanistically, we found that IL-12 led to STAT4 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 4) phosphorylation and binding to IL-12–driven follicular signature genes. Patients with inborn errors of immunity in the IL12RB1 gene presented with a strong decrease in circulating T fr cells and produced higher levels of anti-actin autoantibodies in vivo. Overall, this study unveils IL-12 as an inducer of T fr cell differentiation in vivo and provides an approach for the in vitro generation of human T fr -like cells.