tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults
Authors: Xiaoqian Zhang, Ning Ma, Qiushi Lin, Kening Chen, Fangjieyi Zheng, Jing Wu, Xiaoqun Dong, Wenquan Niu
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Obesity, especially visceral obesity, is an established risk factor associated with all-cause mortality. However, the inadequacy of conventional anthropometric measures in assessing fat distribution necessitates a more comprehensive indicator, body roundness index (BRI), to decipher its population-based characteristics and potential association with mortality risk. Objective To evaluate the temporal trends of BRI among US noninstitutionalized civilian residents and explore its association with all-cause mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cohort study, information on a nationally representative cohort of 32 995 US adults (age ≥20 years) was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 and NHANES Linked Mortality File, with mortality ascertained through December 31, 2019. Data were analyzed between April 1 and September 30, 2023. Exposures Biennial weighted percentage changes in BRI were calculated. Restricted cubic spline curve was used to determine optimal cutoff points for BRI. Main Outcome and Measures The survival outcome was all-cause mortality. Mortality data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website and linked to the NHANES database using the unique subject identifier. Weibull regression model was adopted to quantify the association between BRI and all-cause mortality. Results Among 32 995 US adults, the mean (SD) age was 46.74 (16.92) years, and 16 529 (50.10%) were women. Mean BRI increased gradually from 4.80 (95% CI, 4.62-4.97) to 5.62 (95% CI, 5.37-5.86) from 1999 through 2018, with a biennial change of 0.95% (95% CI, 0.80%-1.09%; P &amp;amp;lt; .001), and this increasing trend was more obvious among women, elderly individuals, and individuals who identified as Mexican American. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 9.98 (5.33-14.33) years, 3452 deaths (10.46% of participants) from all causes occurred. There was a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality, with the risk increased by 25% (hazard ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05-1.47) for adults with BRI less than 3.4 and by 49% (hazard ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31-1.70) for those with BRI of 6.9 or greater compared with the middle quintile of BRI of 4.5 to 5.5 after full adjustment. Conclusions and Relevance This national cohort study found an increasing trend of BRI during nearly 20-year period among US adults, and importantly, a U-shaped association between BRI and all-cause mortality. These findings provide evidence for proposing BRI as a noninvasive screening tool for mortality risk estimation, an innovative concept that could be incorporated into public health practice pending consistent validation in other independent cohorts.
Efficacy and Safety of Abrocitinib in Prurigo Nodularis and Chronic Pruritus of Unknown Origin
Authors: Shawn G. Kwatra, Zachary A. Bordeaux, Varsha Parthasarathy, Alexander L. Kollhoff, Ali Alajmi, Thomas Pritchard, Hannah L. Cornman, Anusha Kambala, Kevin K. Lee, Jaya Manjunath, Emily Z. Ma, Carly Dillen, Madan M. Kwatra
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

Prurigo nodularis (PN) and chronic pruritus of unknown origin (CPUO) are chronic pruritic diseases that dramatically impair quality of life, but therapeutic options are limited. Abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, represents a promising therapy for both conditions.
The Link Between State Carceral Violence and Firearm Homicide
Authors: Mihir J. Chaudhary, Tanya L. Zakrison, Joseph Richardson
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Sodium Intake and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Brenda M. Chiang, Morgan Ye, Aheli Chattopadhyay, Yagmur Halezeroglu, Erin L. Van Blarigan, Katrina Abuabara
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

The association of diet with atopic dermatitis (AD) remains poorly understood and could help explain heterogeneity in disease course.
A Hybrid Rehabilitation Strategy Improves Breast Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Max O. Meneveau, Shayna L. Showalter
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Insurance Reimbursement for Special Foods and Phenylalanine Levels in Patients With PKU in China
Authors: Bo Wang, Yanzhi Xia, Mingyue Cheng, Huili Luo, Luxi Xue, Anyue Gong, Xu Liu, Gaoqi Liao, Jieping Song, Kang Ning
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Importance Recent changes in China’s social medical insurance reimbursement policy have impacted the financial burden of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) for special foods. However, whether this policy change is associated with their blood phenylalanine (PHE) concentration is unclear. Objective To investigate the association between the reimbursement policy and blood PHE concentration in patients with PKU. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study measured the blood PHE concentrations of 167 patients with PKU across 4 newborn screening centers in China from January 2018 to December 2021. The reimbursement policy for special foods for patients with PKU at 2 centers was canceled in 2019 and restored from 2020 onwards. In contrast, the other 2 centers consistently implemented the policy. Data were analyzed from September 10 to December 6, 2023. Exposures The implementation and cancelation of the reimbursement policy for special foods of patients with PKU. Main Outcomes and Measures The blood PHE concentration was regularly measured from 2018 to 2021. A 1-sided Z test was used to compare the mean of the blood PHE concentration between different years. Results Among 167 patients with PKU (mean [SD] age, 84.4 [48.3] months; 87 males [52.1%]), a total of 4285 measurements of their blood PHE concentration were collected from 2018 to 2021. For patients at the center that canceled the reimbursement policy in 2019, the mean (SD) of the blood PHE concentrations in 2019 was 5.95 (5.73) mg/dL, significantly higher than 4.84 (4.11) mg/dL in 2018 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001), 5.06 (5.21) mg/dL in 2020 ( P = .006), and 4.77 (4.04) mg/dL in 2021 ( P &amp;amp;lt; .001). Similarly, for patients at the other center that canceled the policy in 2019, the mean (SD) of the blood PHE concentrations in 2019 was 5.95 (3.43) mg/dL, significantly higher than 5.34 (3.45) mg/dL in 2018 ( P = .03), 5.13 (3.15) mg/dL in 2020 ( P = .003), and 5.39 (3.46) mg/dL in 2021 ( P = .03). On the contrary, no significant difference was observed between any of the years for patients at the 2 centers that consistently implemented the policy. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of patients with PKU from multiple centers, the implementation of the reimbursement policy for special foods was associated with controlling the blood PHE concentration. Special foods expenditure for patients with PKU should be included in the scope of long-term social medical insurance reimbursement.
Early treatment of acute or recently acquired hepatitis C - an important tool on the path to HCV elimination!
Authors: Markus Cornberg, Heiner Wedemeyer
Journal: Hepatology (2024)

1Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany 2German Liver Foundation, Germany 3German Center for Infection Research (DZIF); Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany 4Center for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover, Germany To be included: Pol et al. Effectiveness and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks in the treatment of patients with acute hepatitis C: A single-arm retrospective study. Correspondence Markus Cornberg, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany. Email: [email protected] Correspondence Heiner Wedemeyer, Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Germany. Email: [email protected]
Neighborhood Social Vulnerability and Premature Cardiovascular Disease in Haiti
Authors: Nicholas L. S. Roberts, Rodney Sufra, Lily D. Yan, Reichling St. Sauveur, Joseph Inddy, Youry Macius, Michel Théard, Myung Hee Lee, Nour Mourra, Rehana Rasul, Denis Nash, Marie M. Deschamps, Monika M. Safford, Jean W. Pape, Vanessa Rouzier, Margaret L. McNairy
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

Importance Higher social vulnerability is associated with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality but is understudied in low-income countries that have both the highest magnitude of social vulnerability and a growing CVD epidemic. Objective To evaluate the association between social vulnerability and hypertension, CVD, and CVD subtypes in Haiti as a model for similar low-income countries. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used enrollment data from adults participating in the Haiti Cardiovascular Disease Cohort Study. Recruitment occurred via multistage random sampling throughout slum and urban neighborhoods in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, from March 2019 to August 2021. Data were analyzed from May 2022 to December 2023. Exposures A modified Haitian Social Vulnerability Index (SVI-H) was created following the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index method. Twelve variables across the domains of socioeconomic status, household characteristics, and social and community context were included. The SVI-H was calculated for each study neighborhood block and then stratified into SVI-H quartiles (quartile 1 was the least vulnerable; quartile 4, the most vulnerable). Main Outcomes and Measures Prevalent hypertension and total CVD, defined as heart failure (HF), stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), angina, or myocardial infarction (MI). Age-adjusted Poisson regression analysis yielded prevalence ratios (PRs) comparing the prevalence of hypertension, total CVD, and CVD subtypes across SVI-H quartiles. Results Among 2925 adults (1704 [58.3%] female; mean [SD] age, 41.9 [15.9] years), the prevalence of hypertension was 32.8% (95% CI, 31.1%-34.5%) and the prevalence of CVD was 14.7% (95% CI, 13.5%-16.0%). Hypertension prevalence ranged from 26.2% (95% CI, 23.1%-29.3%) to 38.4% (95% CI, 34.8%-42.0%) between quartiles 1 and 4, while CVD prevalence ranged from 11.1% (95% CI, 8.8%-13.3%) to 19.7% (95% CI, 16.8%-22.6%). SVI-H quartile 4 vs 1 was associated with a greater prevalence of hypertension (PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.34) and CVD (PR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.16-1.89). Among CVD subtypes, SVI-H was significantly associated with HF (PR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23-2.18) but not with combined stroke and TIA or combined angina and MI. Conclusions and Relevance In urban Haiti, individuals living in neighborhoods with the highest social vulnerability had greater prevalence of hypertension and HF. Understanding CVD disparities in low-income countries is essential for targeting prevention and treatment interventions toward populations at highest risk globally.
Taxane-Induced Cutaneous Toxic Effects
Authors: Wei-En Wang, Ching-Chun Ho, Chung-Hsing Chang
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2024)

This case report describes dusky red to violaceous lesions with desquamation on the wrists and dorsal surface of both hands and near the Achilles tendon that occurred after intravenous paclitaxel treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.
Travel Guide From the Brave New World of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Daniel E. Hall
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The Quest for Evidence on Time to Antibiotics in Children With Sepsis—Finding the Sweet Spot
Authors: Nora Luethi, Luregn J. Schlapbach, Philipp Baumann
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

Roni D. Lane, MD; Troy Richardson, PhD; Halden F. Scott, MD, MSCS; Raina M. Paul, MD; Fran Balamuth, MD, PhD; Matthew A. Eisenberg, MD, MPH; Ruth Riggs; W. Charles Huskins, MD, MSc; Christopher M. Horvat, MD, MHA; Grant E. Keeney, MD, MS; Leslie A. Hueschen, MD; Justin M. Lockwood, MD, MSCS; Vishal Gunnala, MD; Bryan P. McKee, MD; Nikhil Patankar, MD, MBA; Venessa Lynn Pinto, MBBS; Amanda M. Sebring, MD; Matthew P. Sharron, MD; Jennifer Treseler, MSN, RN, CPN, CPHQ; Jennifer J. Wilkes, MD, MSCE; Jennifer K. Workman, MD, MS
Genes and Rearing—What Explains Intergenerational Transmission of PTSD?
Authors: Isabell Brikell, Christian Rück, Ralf Kuja-Halkola
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Label Accuracy of Legal Oral Cannabis Oil Products in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Amanda Doggett, Allan Fein, Tracey Campbell, Nicola Henriquez, Jason W. Busse, James MacKillop
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2024)

This case series compares amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol reported on product labels vs levels found in laboratory testing in legal oral cannabis oil products in Ontario, Canada.
Sick Day Abecedarian
Authors: Rachel Morgan
Journal: JAMA (2024)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Man in His 50s With Dyspnea and Eosinophilia
Authors: Kai Christian Jakobs, Ursula Rauch, Bettina Heidecker
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2024)

This case report describes a diagnosis of idiopathic eosinophilic endomyocarditis in a male patient who presented with progressive dyspnea, eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated troponin T level.
The Carceral State, Social Disorganization, and Firearm Homicides in Chicago
Authors: Michael Poulson, Kian Riley, Maha Haqqani, Kaye-Alese Green, Kelly Kenzik, Dane Scantling
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2024)

Black and other racially minoritized groups are overrepresented among those who experience firearm homicide. There has been a stark increase in incarcerated populations in the US since the 1980s, largely due to differential drug sentencing, of which racially minoritized individuals are also overrepresented; social disorganization theory postulates that community and family instability resulting from incarceration can further worsen crime.
Historic dog furs unravel the origin and artificial selection of modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog breeds
Authors: Shi-Zhi Wang, Yu Yan, Malin Widlund, Chen-Chang Qian, Liang-Liang Zhang, Shao-Jie Zhang, Zi-Mai Li, Peng Cao, Qing-Yan Dai, Xiao-Tian Feng, Feng Liu, Lu Wang, Chao Gao, Qiao-Mei Fu, Marjo K Hytönen, Hannes Lohi, Peter Savolainen, Guo-Dong Wang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract The origins and extreme morphological evolution of the modern dog breeds are poorly studied because the founder populations are extinct. Here, we analyse eight 100 to 200 years old dog fur samples obtained from traditional North Swedish clothing, to explore the origin and artificial selection of the modern Nordic Lapphund and Elkhound dog breeds. Population genomic analysis confirmed the Lapphund and Elkhound breeds to originate from the local dog population, and showed a distinct decrease in genetic diversity in agreement with intense breeding. We identified eleven genes under positive selection during the breed development. In particular, the MSRB3 gene, associated with breed-related ear morphology, was selected in all Lapphund and Elkhound breeds, and functional assays showed that a SNP mutation in the 3′UTR region suppresses its expression through miRNA regulation. Our findings demonstrate analysis of near-modern dog artifacts as an effective tool for interpreting the origin and artificial selection of the modern dog breeds.
Please Mind the Gap: Indel-Aware Parsimony for Fast and Accurate Ancestral Sequence Reconstruction and Multiple Sequence Alignment including Long Indels
Authors: Clara Iglhaut, Jūlija Pečerska, Manuel Gil, Maria Anisimova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2024)

Abstract Despite having important biological implications, insertion, and deletion (indel) events are often disregarded or mishandled during phylogenetic inference. In multiple sequence alignment, indels are represented as gaps and are estimated without considering the distinct evolutionary history of insertions and deletions. Consequently, indels are usually excluded from subsequent inference steps, such as ancestral sequence reconstruction and phylogenetic tree search. Here, we introduce indel-aware parsimony (indelMaP), a novel way to treat gaps under the parsimony criterion by considering insertions and deletions as separate evolutionary events and accounting for long indels. By identifying the precise location of an evolutionary event on the tree, we can separate overlapping indel events and use affine gap penalties for long indel modeling. Our indel-aware approach harnesses the phylogenetic signal from indels, including them into all inference stages. Validation and comparison to state-of-the-art inference tools on simulated data show that indelMaP is most suitable for densely sampled datasets with closely to moderately related sequences, where it can reach alignment quality comparable to probabilistic methods and accurately infer ancestral sequences, including indel patterns. Due to its remarkable speed, our method is well suited for epidemiological datasets, eliminating the need for downsampling and enabling the exploitation of the additional information provided by dense taxonomic sampling. Moreover, indelMaP offers new insights into the indel patterns of biologically significant sequences and advances our understanding of genetic variability by considering gaps as crucial evolutionary signals rather than mere artefacts.