tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Examining neoadjuvant treatment candidates in resectable pancreatic cancer based on tumor-vessel interactions and CA 19-9 levels: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hye-Sol Jung, Youngmin Han, Won-Gun Yun, Young Jae Cho, Mirang Lee, Dong Ho Lee, Wooil Kwon, Jin-Young Jang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Introduction: The applicability of neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has arisen, however, high-level evidence is lacking. This study aimed to explore patient subgroups with high-risk resectable PDAC for selecting candidates who may benefit from NAT. Methods: The 1,132 patients with resectable or borderline resectable PDAC who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with resectable PDAC without contact of major vessels (R-no contact) (n=651), with contact of portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) ≤180° (R-contact) (n=306), and borderline resectable PDAC without arterial involvement (BR-V) (n=175) were analyzed. Results: The mean age was 64.3 ± 9.8 years, and 647 patients (57.2%) were male. The median follow-up was 26 months in the entire cohort. Patients with resectable PDAC without vascular contact had the most improved overall survival (OS) (median; 31.5 months). OS did not significantly differ between NAT and upfront surgery in the entire resectable PDAC cohort. However, in R-contact group, NAT showed significantly improved OS compared to upfront surgery (33 vs. 23 months). Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX was showed a better OS than gemcitabine-based regimens in patients who underwent NAT (34 vs. 24 months). NAT was associated with a better survival in the patients with CA 19-9 level ≥150 U/mL, only when the tumor has PV/SMV contact in resectable disease (40 vs. 19 months, P = 0.001). Conclusions: NAT can be considered as an effective treatment in patients with resectable PDAC, particularly when the tumor is in contact with PV/SMV and CA 19-9 ≥150 U/mL.
Medical Sanctions Against Russia: Arresting Aggression or Abrogating Healthcare Rights?
Authors: Michael L. Gross
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2024)

Since 2022, the EU, US, and other nations have imposed medical sanctions on Russia to block the export of pharmaceuticals and medical devices and curtail clinical trials to degrade Russia's military capabilities. While international law proscribes sanctions that cause a humanitarian crisis, an outcome averted in Russia, the military effects of medical sanctions have been lean. Strengthening medical sanctions risks violating noncombatant and combatant rights to healthcare. Each group's claim is different. Noncombatants and severely injured soldiers who cannot return to duty enjoy the right to adequate health care that sanctions cannot undermine. Combatants falling captive enjoy the same medical care that adversaries provide their own troops. Combatants yet to renounce hostilities, however, have no claim to medical attention and remain subject to sanctions. Nevertheless, medical sanctions prove unworkable in this complex environment of conflicting rights and command no place in a sustainable sanction regime.
Global research status and frontiers on autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Tao He, Jieyu Zou, Ke Sun, Juan Yang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Background: An extensive body of research has explored the role of autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), revealing its critical involvement in the disease’s pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic targeting. However, there is a discernible deficit in quantitative, analytical studies concerning autophagy in the context of HCC. Accordingly, this investigation endeavored to meticulously assess the evolution of autophagy research, employing bibliometric citation analysis to offer a comprehensive evaluation of the findings in this field. Methods: We conducted a literature search on August 2, 2023, to extract relevant publications spanning from 2013 to 2022, indexed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCIE) of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Subsequently, we performed a bibliometric assessment of the compiled documents using visualization tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Results: The search yielded 734 publications penned by 4,699 authors, encompassing contributions from 41 countries and 909 institutions, disseminated across 272 journals, and comprising 26,295 co-cited references from 2,667 journals. Notably, China led in publication volume with 264 articles (amounting to 35.9%) and exhibited the most robust collaboration with the United States. The mechanisms underlying autophagy’s influence on the emergence and advancement of HCC, as well as the implicated proteins and genes, have garnered significant attention. In recent years, investigations of targeting autophagy and the resistance to sorafenib have surfaced as pivotal themes and emerging frontiers in this domain. Conclusion: This study rigorously collated and distilled the prevailing research narratives and novel insights on autophagy in HCC. The resultant synthesis provides a substantive foundation for medical professionals and researchers, as well as pivotal implications for future investigative endeavors in this arena.
Identification of fructose‐bisphosphate aldolase as new pollen allergens
Authors: Le‐Bin Song, Li Zhang, Ying Zhu, Yong‐Shi Yang, Zhi‐Qiang Xu, Jin‐Lyu Sun, Ji‐Fu Wei
Journal: Allergy (2024)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Appendix S1. Figures S1–S13. Table S1. Table S2. Table S3. Table S4. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
How low can you go? Titrating the lowest effective dose of cyproterone acetate for transgender and gender diverse people who request feminizing hormones
Authors: Sarah Warzywoda, James A. Fowler, Penny Wood, Fiona Bisshop, Darren Russell, Hemming Luu, Melissa Kelly, Victoria Featherstone, Judith A. Dean
Journal: International Journal of Transgender Health (2024)

Background: Administration of cyproterone acetate (CPA), to reduce the production and effects of testosterone, is often part of clinical regimens for trans individuals seeking feminization. Due to the potency of CPA, there are dose-related side effects and over-suppression of testosterone that can occur.
Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) prevents intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Sinan Lin, Jie Wang, Pranab K Mukherjee, Ren Mao, Gail West, Doug Czarnecki, Shuai Zhao, Quang Tam Nguyen, Michael Elias, William J Massey, WeiWei Liu, Yan Wang, Ankita Prasad, Suhanti Banerjee, Idan Goren, Jyotsna Chandra, Hongnga T Le, Dina Dejanovic, Jiannan Li, Minhu Chen, Stefan Holubar, Mitchell Olman, Brian Southern, Shaomin Hu, Ilyssa O Gordon, Kamran Atabai, Claudio Fiocchi, Florian Rieder
Journal: Gut (2024)

Objective Intestinal fibrosis is considered an inevitable consequence of chronic IBD, leading to stricture formation and need for surgery. During the process of fibrogenesis, extracellular matrix (ECM) components critically regulate the function of mesenchymal cells. We characterised the composition and function of ECM in fibrostenosing Crohn’s disease (CD) and control tissues. Design Decellularised full-thickness intestinal tissue platforms were tested using three different protocols, and ECM composition in different tissue phenotypes was explored by proteomics and validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. Primary human intestinal myofibroblasts (HIMFs) treated with milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) were evaluated regarding the mechanism of their antifibrotic response, and the action of MFGE8 was tested in two experimental intestinal fibrosis models. Results We established and validated an optimal decellularisation protocol for intestinal IBD tissues. Matrisome analysis revealed elevated MFGE8 expression in CD strictured (CDs) tissue, which was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with MFGE8 inhibited ECM production in normal control HIMF but not CDs HIMF. Next-generation sequencing uncovered functionally relevant integrin-mediated signalling pathways, and blockade of integrin αvβ5 and focal adhesion kinase rendered HIMF non-responsive to MFGE8. MFGE8 prevented and reversed experimental intestinal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion MFGE8 displays antifibrotic effects, and its administration may represent a future approach for prevention of IBD-induced intestinal strictures.
A commentary on “Survival benefit of liver resection following complete response to transarterial chemoembolization for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective, multicenter, cohort study”
Authors: Chunhua Rui, Longhuan Piao, Peng Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

aInstitute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China bDepartment of Oncology,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center,Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China cSchool of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China dDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China Chunhua Rui, Longhuan Piao Co-authors: Chunhua Rui and Longhuan Piao equally Peng Wang contributed to the article. Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article Published online ■ ■ *Corresponding Author. Address: Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150000, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Wang). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even for commercial purposes, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
A commentary on “clinical evaluation of balloon occlusion of the lower abdominal aorta in patients with placenta previa and previous cesarean section: a retrospective study on 43 cases”
Authors: Huaxiang Deng, Jianxia Zhang, Qiuyun Gao, Huiling Qiu, Guizhen Li
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Deng, Huaxiang; Zhang, Jianxia; Gao, Qiuyun; Qiu, Huiling; Li, Guizhen Author Information
Impact of virtual reality education on disease-specific knowledge and anxiety for hepatocellular carcinoma patient scheduled for liver resection: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Jaehun Yang, Jinsoo Rhu, Soyoung Lim, Danbee Kang, Heesuk Lee, Gyu-Seoung Choi, Jong Man Kim, Jae-Won Joh
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2024)

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant health concern, and the complexity of liver anatomy poses challenges in conveying radiologic findings and surgical plans to patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a virtual reality (VR) education program on anxiety and knowledge in HCC patients undergoing hepatic resection. Method: From January 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, 88 patients were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial, divided into the VR group (n=44) and the control group (n=44). The VR group received patient-specific 3D liver model education through a VR platform, while the control group underwent conventional explanation processes. Both groups completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing anxiety (using STAI-X-1, STAI-X-2, and VAS) and knowledge about liver resection. Comparison of the questionnaires were performed between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze factor related to decrease in anxiety. Result: While there was no significant difference in pre-intervention anxiety and knowledge scores between the two groups, the VR group exhibited significant reduction in STAI-X-1 scores (-4.14±7.5) compared to the control group (-0.84±5.7, P =0.023), as well as knowledge scores (17.20±2.6) compared to the control group (13.42±3.3, P &lt; 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model, VR education showed significant impact on decrease in STAI-X-1 score, post-intervention. (OR=2.902, CI=1.097-7.674, P =0.032) Conclusion: The VR education program significantly improved knowledge and reduced anxiety among HCC patients compared to conventional methods. This study suggests that VR can be a valuable tool in patient education, enhancing comprehension and alleviating pre-surgical anxiety.
Genomic features reveal potential benefit of adding anti-PD-1 immunotherapy to treat non-upper aerodigestive tract natural killer/T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zegeng Chen, He Huang, Huageng Huang, Le Yu, Huawei Weng, Jian Xiao, Liqun Zou, Huilai Zhang, Chaoyong Liang, Hui Zhou, Hongqiang Guo, Zhao Wang, Zhiming Li, Tao Wu, Hongyu Zhang, Huijing Wu, Zhigang Peng, Linzhu Zhai, Xinggui Chen, Yang Liang, Huangming Hong, Tongyu Lin
Journal: Leukemia (2024)
Metastatic Infection Following Ear Piercing Detected by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Jeong Won Lee, Jung Wan Park, Sang Mi Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Ear piercing is currently a common practice. Although rare, ear piercing can cause systemic infections. We present a case of an 18-year-old woman who underwent FDG PET/CT for prolonged fever and bacteremia. FDG PET/CT showed multifocal FDG uptake at the site of piercing in the left ear, and in the spleen and left atrium and deep thigh vessel. The patient was diagnosed with an ear piercing infection with multiple metastatic infections.
Extracranial Meningioma-Pelvic Bone on FDG PET/CT: A Rare of the Rarest Site
Authors: Tarun Kumar Jain, Mansha Bohra, Anushree Punia, Maneesh Kumar Vijay, Hemant Malhotra
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract Meningiomas are benign extra-axial tumors of the central nervous system. Extracranial meningiomas are extremely rare (2%) and can develop as a direct extension from a primary intracranial meningioma or as a true primary extracranial meningioma originating from ectopic arachnoid cells. We report an extremely unusual case of a 61-year-old woman who was diagnosed with pelvic meningioma with the help of PET/CT and PET/CT-guided biopsy. The clinicopathological features of the patient and immunoprofile of the tumor are presented.
Eosinophilic Cystitis Mimicking Malignancy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Linlin Guo, Shuang Deng, Guohua Shen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2024)

Abstract A 64-year-old man had progressive dysuria and nocturia for 1 month. Initial MRI and CT revealed localized thickening of the bladder wall with significant enhancement. Meanwhile, the lesion showed intense FDG accumulation on the delayed PET/CT. Taken together, a malignancy was suspected. However, the pathologic findings confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis.
A systematic review and meta-synthesis on perspectives of autistic young people and their parents on psychological well-being
Authors: Kate Cooper, Sanjay Kumarendran, Manuela Barona
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2024)

Autistic adolescents are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. Improving psychological well-being could reduce the likelihood of such problems developing. Research has tended to prioritise the voices of non-autistic people and has neglected to consult autistic young people themselves. Our meta-synthesis aimed to systematically review qualitative research on the perspectives of autistic young people and their parents on the lived experience of psychological well-being. We conducted a pre-planned systematic search which identified 2552 papers, with 37 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. Included papers were published between 2008 and 2023, with three-quarters published since 2018. We extracted qualitative data from each paper pertaining to the lived experience of psychological well-being in autistic young people and conducted a thematic synthesis. We identified three themes; Walking a tightrope: the need for growth versus recharging through rest and familiarity; Developing a positive sense of self in the social world; Internally driven sources of happiness. Psychological interventions aiming to improve well-being in autistic young people should respect their autonomy and need for rest whilst encouraging growth and skills development, provide opportunities to understand social needs and differences, and promote opportunities to enjoy special interests.
Fateful fat: Intra-pancreatic lipids cause pancreatic cancer
Authors: Maxim S. Petrov
Journal: Cell Reports Medicine (2024)

In a Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort study,1 intra-pancreatic fat increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. This provides persuasive human evidence of causal relation between lipids and cancer in the pancreas, which confirms a prediction of the PANDORA hypothesis.
In vivo high-speed microscopy of microbubbles in the chorioallantoic membrane model
Authors: Rojin Anbarafshan, Carly Pellow, Kevin Kiezun, Hon Leong, David E. Goertz
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Rationale:The acoustic stimulation of microbubbles within microvessels can elicit a spectrum of therapeutically relevant bioeffects from permeabilization to perfusion shutdown.These bioeffects ultimately arise from complex interactions between microbubbles and microvascular walls, though such interactions are poorly understood particularly at high pressure, due to a paucity of direct in vivo observations.The continued development of focused ultrasound methods hinges in large part on establishing links between microbubble-microvessel interactions, cavitation signals, and bioeffects.Methods: Here, a system was developed to enable simultaneous high-speed intravital imaging and cavitation monitoring of microbubbles in vivo in a chorioallantoic membrane model.Exposures were conducted using the clinical agent Definity TM under conditions previously associated with microvascular damage (1 MHz, 0.5-3.5 MPa, 5 ms pulse length).Results: Ultrasound-activated microbubbles could be observed and were found to induce localized wall deformations that were more pronounced in smaller microvessels and increased with pressure.A central finding was that microbubbles could extravasate from microvessels (from 34% of vessels at 1 MPa to 79% at 3 MPa) during insonation (94% within 0.5 ms) and that this occurred more frequently and in progressively larger microvessels (up to 180 µm) as pressure was increased.Following microbubble extravasation, transient or sustained red blood cell leakage ensued at the extravasation site in 96% of cases for pressures ≥1 MPa. Conclusions:The results here represent the first high-speed in vivo investigation of high-pressure focused ultrasound-induced microbubble-microvessel interactions.This data provides direct evidence that the process of activated microbubble extravasation can occur in vivo and that it is linked to producing microvessel wall perforations of sufficient size to permit red blood cell leakage.The association of red blood cell leakage with microbubble extravasation provides mechanistic insight into the process of microvessel rupture, which has been widely observed in histology.
Mrc1<sup>+</sup> macrophage-derived IGF1 mitigates crystal nephropathy by promoting renal tubule cell proliferation <i>via</i> the AKT/Rb signaling pathway
Authors: Linxi Huang, Wei Chen, Zhuojing Tan, Yunxiao Huang, Xinji Gu, Lantian Liu, Hongxia Zhang, Yihan Shi, Jiarong Ding, Chengjian Zheng, Zhiyong Guo, Bing Yu
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Rationale:The present understanding of the cellular characteristics and communications in crystal nephropathy is limited.Here, molecular and cellular studies combined with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) were performed to investigate the changes in cell components and their interactions in glyoxylate-induced crystallized kidneys to provide promising treatments for crystal nephropathy.Methods: The transcriptomes of single cells from mouse kidneys treated with glyoxylate for 0, 1, 4, or 7 days were analyzed via 10× Genomics, and the single cells were clustered and characterized by the Seurat pipeline.The potential cellular interactions between specific cell types were explored by CellChat.Molecular and cellular findings related to macrophage-to-epithelium crosstalk were validated in sodium oxalate (NaOx)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in vitro and in glyoxylate-induced crystal nephropathy in vivo.Results: Our established scRNA atlas of glyoxylate-induced crystalline nephropathy contained 15 cell populations with more than 40000 single cells, including relatively stable tubular cells of different segments, proliferating and injured proximal tubular cells, T cells, B cells, and myeloid and mesenchymal cells.In this study, we found that Mrc1 + macrophages, as a subtype of myeloid cells, increased in both the number and percentage within the myeloid population as crystal-induced injury progresses, and distinctly express IGF1, which induces the activation of a signal pathway to dominate a significant information flow towards injured and proliferating tubule cells.IGF1 promoted the repair of damaged tubular epithelial cells induced by NaOx in vitro, as well as the repair of damaged tubular epithelial cells and the recovery of disease outcomes in glyoxylate-induced nephrolithic mice in vivo. Conclusion:After constructing a cellular atlas of glyoxylate-induced crystal nephropathy, we found that IGF1 derived from Mrc1 + macrophages attenuated crystal nephropathy through promoting renal tubule cell proliferation via the AKT/Rb signaling pathway.These findings could lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of crystal nephropathy.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts reprogram cysteine metabolism to increase tumor resistance to ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yuchao Zhu, Shuai Fang, Bolin Fan, Kaiwei Xu, Liu Xu, Linwei Wang, Lubin Zhu, Chunqu Chen, Ruoyu Wu, Jiajing Ni, Jianhua Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2024)

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an insidious, rapidly progressing malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract.Due to its dense fibrous stroma and complex tumor microenvironment, neither of which is sensitive to radiotherapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the malignancies with the poorest prognosis.Therefore, detailed elucidation of the inhibitory microenvironment of PDAC is essential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.Methods: We analyzed the association between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and resistance to ferroptosis in PDAC using conditioned CAF medium and co-culture of pancreatic cancer cells.Abnormal cysteine metabolism was observed in CAFs using non-targeted metabolomics analysis with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).The regulatory effects of cysteine were investigated in PDAC cells through measurement of cell cloning, cell death, cell function, and EdU assays.The effects of exogenous cysteine intake were examined in a mouse xenograft model and the effects of the cysteine pathway on ferroptosis in PDAC were investigated by western blotting, measurement of glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, among others.Results: It was found that CAFs played a critical role in PDAC metabolism by secreting cysteine, which could increase tumor resistance to ferroptosis.A previously unrecognized function of the sulfur transfer pathway in CAFs was identified, which increased the extracellular supply of cysteine to support glutathione synthesis and thus inducing ferroptosis resistance.Cysteine secretion by CAFs was found to be mediated by the TGF-β/SMAD3/ATF4 signaling axis. Conclusion:Taken together, the findings demonstrate a novel metabolic relationship between CAFs and cancer cells, in which cysteine generated by CAFs acts as a substrate in the prevention of oxidative damage in PDAC and thus suggests new therapeutic targets for PDAC.